UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016

or

For the transition period from ______ to ______            

Commission File Number 001-33008

PENDRELL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

2300 Carillon Point, Kirkland, Washington 98033

(Address of principal executive offices including zip code)

(425) 278-7100

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒.

As of October 21, 2016, the registrant had 21,491,373 shares of Class A common stock and 5,366,000 shares of Class B convertible common stock outstanding.

PENDRELL CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016

INDEX

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Pendrell Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share data, unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Pendrell Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except share and per share data, unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Pendrell Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

(In thousands, except share data, unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Pendrell Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands, unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.  

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Pendrell Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

1. Nature of Business

These condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Pendrell Corporation (“Pendrell”) and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”). Since 2011, the Company’s strategy, through its consolidated subsidiaries, has been to invest in, acquire and develop businesses with unique technologies that are often protected by intellectual property (“IP”) rights, and that present the opportunity to address large, global markets. The Company’s subsidiaries focus on licensing the IP rights they hold to third parties. The Company regularly evaluates its existing investments to determine whether retention or disposition is appropriate, and investigates new investment and business acquisition opportunities. From 2011 through 2015, the Company also advised clients on various IP strategies and transactions through its consulting subsidiary Ovidian Group LLC (“Ovidian”). As of December 31, 2015, the Company sold Ovidian for nominal consideration.

2. Basis of Presentation

Interim Financial Statements—The financial information included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements is unaudited and includes all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments and accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Certain information and footnote disclosures have been condensed or omitted. The financial information as of December 31, 2015 is derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in Item 8 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 (“2015 Form 10-K”), filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 4, 2016. The financial information included in this quarterly report should be read in conjunction with management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations and the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the 2015 Form 10-K. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined in this quarterly report have the meanings given to them in the Company’s 2015 Form 10-K. Operating results and cash flows for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2016 or any other interim period.

Capital Structure Change—At the Company’s annual meeting of shareholders on July 7, 2016, the Company’s shareholders approved a reverse split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock within a range of one share of common stock for every three shares of common stock (1-for-3) to one share of common stock for every ten shares of common stock (1-for-10), with the exact Reverse Stock Split ratio to be set within this range as determined by the Company’s board of directors in its sole discretion. On September 20, 2016, the Company’s board of directors fixed the Reverse Stock Split ratio at 1-for-10. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, the share counts and per share data reported in the historical financial statements have been adjusted retrospectively as if the Reverse Stock Split had been in effect for all periods presented.  Additionally, the exercise prices and the number of shares issuable under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans have been adjusted retrospectively to reflect the Reverse Stock Split.

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation—The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the assets and liabilities of its wholly-owned subsidiaries and subsidiaries it controls or in which it has a controlling financial interest.  Noncontrolling interests on the consolidated balance sheets include third-party investments in entities that the Company consolidates, but does not wholly own. Noncontrolling interests are classified as part of equity and the Company allocates net income (loss), other comprehensive income (loss) and other equity transactions to its noncontrolling interests in accordance with their applicable ownership percentages. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. All information in these financial statements is in U.S. dollars.

Segment Information—The Company operates in and reports on one segment (IP management). Operating segments are based upon the Company’s internal organization structure, the manner in which its operations are managed, and the criteria used by its Chief Operating Decision Maker. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated by operations located within the United States, and the Company does not have any long-lived assets located in foreign countries.

Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

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On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including among others, those related to revenue share obligations for the purpose of determining our cost of revenue, the fair value of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, the useful lives and potential impairment of intangible assets and property and equipment, the value of stock awards for the purpose of determining stock-based compensation expense, accrued liabilities (including bonus accruals), valuation allowances related to the ability to realize deferred tax assets, allowances for doubtful receivables and certain tax liabilities. Estimates are based on historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment as deemed appropriate under the circumstances. Estimates and assumptions are adjusted when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Any changes in estimates used to prepare these financial statements will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods.

Accounting Policies—There have been no material changes or updates in the Company’s existing accounting policies from the disclosures included in its 2015 Form 10-K.

New Accounting Pronouncements—In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires companies that are lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for most leases that do not meet the definition of a short-term lease. For income statement purposes, leases will continue to be classified as either operating or financing. Classification will be based on criteria that are largely similar to those applied in current lease accounting. Compliance with this ASU is required for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted. The Company believes the future adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, to simplify certain provisions in stock compensation accounting, including: (1) accounting for income taxes, (2) classification of excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flow, (3) forfeitures, (4) minimum statutory tax withholding requirements, (5) classification of employee taxes paid on the statement of cash flows when an employer withholds shares for tax withholding purposes, (6) the practical expedient for estimating the expected term and (7) intrinsic value. Compliance with this ASU is required for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted. The Company plans to adopt this ASU in its fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 and believes the adoption will not have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which addresses the diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows including: (1) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; (2) settlement of zero-coupon bonds; (3) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; (4) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; (5) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies; (6) distributions received from equity method investees; (7) beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and (8) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. Compliance with this ASU is required for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this ASU during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Throughout the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the FASB has issued a number of ASUs which provide further clarification to ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue (Topic 606): Revenue from Contracts with Customers, issued in May 2014, which supersedes existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The core principle of ASU No. 2014-09 is to recognize as revenue the amount that an entity expects to be entitled for goods or services at the time the goods or services are transferred to customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, which deferred the effective date of the amendments in ASU No. 2014-09 to the annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted beginning January 1, 2017. The ASUs issued in 2016 related to ASU No. 2014-09 will become effective when the guidance in ASU No. 2014-09 becomes effective. The Company is continuing to assess the impact, if any, of implementing ASU No. 2014-09 and related ASUs and, at the current time, believes the future adoption of these ASUs will not have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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3. Provitro

In February 2013, the Company acquired a 68.75% interest in Provitro, the developer of the Provitro™ proprietary micro-propagation technology designed to facilitate the production on a commercial scale of certain plants, particularly timber bamboo. In February 2015, the Company acquired the minority partner’s interest in Provitro for nominal consideration resulting in 100% ownership of Provitro. From acquisition through the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company attempted to develop a strategy to commercialize the Provitro™ technology, but did not generate revenue from the technology.

In January 2015, the Company discontinued its efforts to commercialize the Provitro™ technology and in September 2015, the Company sold Provitro’s facility and related tangible assets for $2.0 million, resulting in a $0.7 million loss in the third quarter of the year ended December 31, 2015.  The purchase price will be paid in installments of which $0.1 million was paid immediately, $0.4 million was received in January 2016, $0.9 million was received in August 2016 and $0.6 million is scheduled for payment within twelve months and is included in other current receivables at September 30, 2016.

4. Accounts Receivable (Current and Non-current)

Accounts receivable consists primarily of amounts billed to customers under licensing arrangements. Since 2011, the Company has not incurred any material losses on its accounts receivable. Based upon this historical collections experience and currently available information, the Company determined that no allowance for doubtful accounts was required at either September 30, 2016 or December 31, 2015.

The Company expects to receive the $15.0 million of current accounts receivable at September 30, 2016 no later than July 2017.  The Company expects to receive payment of approximately $15.8 million of its non-current accounts receivable in 2018 and the remainder in 2019.

5. Accrued expenses

The following table summarizes accrued expenses (in thousands):

6. Other non-current liabilities

At September 30, 2016, other non-current liabilities, primarily consisting of revenue share obligations, are estimated to be payable as follows (in thousands):

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase and Lease Commitments— The Company has operating lease agreements for its offices in Kirkland, Washington and Finland.  The Company terminated its lease for office space in Plano, Texas effective June 30, 2016.

Litigation— In the opinion of management, except for those matters described below and elsewhere in this report, to the extent so described, litigation, contingent liabilities and claims against the Company in the normal course of business are not expected to involve any judgments or settlements that would be material to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

There have been no material changes to the legal proceedings disclosures included under Part I, Item 3 of the Company’s 2015 Form 10-K other than the following update, with capitalized terms having the meaning given to them in the Form 10-K:

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ContentGuard Enforcement Actions— ContentGuard continues to challenge the juries’ findings in the Google Litigation and Apple Litigation. Specifically, ContentGuard filed motions for judgments as a matter of law (“JMOL”) in both cases, seeking judicial reversal of the juries’ findings or new trials. On April 18, 2016, the federal district judge presiding over the Apple Litigation denied the JMOL motion in the Apple Litigation. On July 9, 2016, the same judge denied the JMOL motion in the Google Litigation. ContentGuard appealed both rulings to the federal circuit court and filed its opening appeal briefs on June 27, 2016 in the Apple Litigation and October 11, 2016 in the Google Litigation. Briefing in both cases will continue through much of 2016, with decisions likely sometime in 2017. The Company cannot predict the outcome of any post-trial activities in the Google Litigation or Apple Litigation. 

8. Stock-based Compensation

The Company records stock-based compensation on stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and other stock awards issued to employees, directors, consultants and/or advisors based on the estimated fair value on the date of grant and recognizes compensation cost over the requisite service period for awards expected to vest.

Stock-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

Stock Options—The Company’s stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 is summarized as follows:

Restricted Stock—The Company’s restricted stock activity for nine months ended September 30, 2016 is summarized as follows:

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9. Gain on Contingency

During 2012, as part of the Company’s exit from the satellite business, the Company sold its partially completed medium earth orbit satellites, related equipment, and contracts. The Company received the first of three scheduled payments for these assets in March 2015, resulting in the recognition of a $1.7 million gain on contingency. The Company received the second scheduled payment in September 2015, resulting in the recognition of an additional $2.2 million gain on contingency in the third quarter of 2015, or a total of $3.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

The Company received the final scheduled payment in April 2016, resulting in the recognition of a $2.0 million gain on contingency in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

At December 31, 2015, due to the uncertainty of collecting the third scheduled payment, the Company did not recognize in its 2015 financial statements the gain generated from the April 2016 receipt of the third scheduled payment.

10. Income Taxes

The Company recorded a tax provision of $4.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 related to foreign taxes withheld on revenue generated from license agreements executed with third party licensees domiciled in a foreign jurisdiction. In general, foreign taxes withheld may be claimed as a deduction on future U.S. corporate income tax returns, or as a credit against future U.S. income tax liabilities, subject to certain limitations. However, due to uncertainty regarding the Company’s ability to utilize the deduction or credit resulting from the foreign withholding, the Company established a full valuation allowance against the related deferred tax asset at September 30, 2015.

The Company had no foreign taxes withheld during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and anticipates that it will not have a U.S. federal income tax liability for fiscal 2016 due to available tax loss carryforwards.

11. Income (Loss) per Share

Basic income (loss) per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of Class A common stock and Class B common stock (the “Common Shares”) outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the income (loss) allocable to common shareholders by the weighted average Common Shares outstanding plus potential dilutive Common Shares. Prior to the satisfaction of vesting conditions, unvested restricted stock awards are considered contingently issuable and are excluded from weighted average Common Shares outstanding used for computation of basic income (loss) per share.

Potential dilutive Common Shares consist of the incremental Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options (both vested and non-vested) and unvested restricted stock awards and units, calculated using the treasury stock method. The calculation of dilutive shares outstanding excludes out-of-the-money stock options (i.e., such options’ exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the Company’s Class A common shares for the period) because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

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The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share (in thousands, except share and per share data):

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The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this quarterly report and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in our 2015 Form 10-K.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

With the exception of historical facts, the statements contained in this management’s discussion and analysis are “forward-looking” statements. All of these forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause the actual results of Pendrell Corporation (“Pendrell,” together with its consolidated subsidiaries, “us” or “we”) to differ materially from those contemplated by the relevant forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” (Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q) and elsewhere in this quarterly report. The forward-looking statements included in this document are made only as of the date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update these forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.

Overview  

For the past five years, we invested in and acquired IP rights, and we continue to monetize those IP rights. During the first half of 2016 we entered into licensing agreements with DirecTV and Toshiba Corporation which permitted both companies to use subsets of our IP in their ongoing development, manufacturing and distribution of products and services. We believe these licenses and our ongoing negotiations with other prospective licensees reflect the importance of our inventions and our commitment to licensing our IP on fair and reasonable terms.

Additionally, we continue to pursue recovery from companies that have not licensed our IP rights while, we believe, incorporating our inventions into their consumer products.  Our efforts include, but are not limited to, our appeals to the federal circuit court in the Apple Litigation and the Google Litigation.

In addition to our ongoing IP monetization activities, we continue to identify and evaluate new business opportunities that offer the potential for more reliable cash flow and greater growth potential. Cash flow from our existing licenses and our reduced overhead costs allow us to be thoughtful and measured in our evaluation of these opportunities.  

Prior to October 1, 2016, the closing bid price of our Class A common stock price remained below the $1.00 price required by NASDAQ’s continued listing requirements.  For continued listing, the stock price deficiency was required to be remediated prior to October 31, 2016. To address this stock price deficiency, we completed a 1-for-10 reverse stock split on September 30, 2016.  As a result of the reverse stock split, our share count, per share data and price per share reported in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q have been adjusted retrospectively as if the reverse stock split had been in effect for all periods presented.

Critical Accounting Policies

Critical accounting policies require difficult, subjective and complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. The judgments and uncertainties affecting the application of these policies include significant estimates and assumptions made by us using information available at the time the estimates are made. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Our critical accounting policies involve judgments associated with our accounting for the fair value of financial instruments, asset impairment, valuation of intangible assets, contract settlements, revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, income taxes, contingencies and business combinations. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies disclosed in our 2015 Form 10-K.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 – Basis of Presentation of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Results of Operations

The following table is provided to facilitate the discussion of our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

Revenue. No revenue was generated during the three months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to $15.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as no licensing transactions or other patent monetization activity was consummated during the three months ended September 30, 2016.

Revenue of $58.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased by $15.6 million, or 37%, as compared to $42.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase for the nine months was primarily due to larger licensing transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to 2015.

Cost of revenues. No cost of revenues was incurred for the three months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. Cost of revenues of $18.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased by $7.9 million, or 77%, as compared to $10.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.  The increase for the nine months was primarily due to higher revenue share obligations associated with revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to 2015.

Patent administration and related costs. Patent administration and related costs of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 decreased by $0.2 million, or 59%, as compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. Patent administration and related costs of $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased by $1.5 million, or 66%, as compared to $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease for both the three and nine months was primarily due to a $0.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively, decline in the cost of patents abandoned as well as a reduction in patent maintenance and prosecution costs resulting from the abandonment of certain patents and applications during 2016 and throughout 2015 that were not part of existing licensing programs.

Patent litigation. Patent litigation expenses of $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 decreased by $6.8 million, or 96%, as compared to $7.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The higher patent litigation expenses in the three months ended September 30, 2015 were due to cost reimbursements and contingent fees associated with our settlement and license agreement with Amazon. Patent litigation expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2016 include costs incurred to pursue enforcement actions against certain companies with whom we have been unable to secure negotiated licenses.

Patent litigation expenses of $3.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased by $8.4 million, or 69%, as compared to $12.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The higher patent litigation expenses in the first nine months of 2015 included costs incurred by our subsidiary, ContentGuard, in its litigation efforts against Amazon, Apple, Google, HTC, Huawei, Motorola Mobility and Samsung as it prepared for its March 2015 claim construction hearing and jury trials in September 2015 and November 2015 as well as cost reimbursements and contingent fees associated with our settlement and license agreement with Amazon. Patent litigation expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 include costs and fees associated with our settlement and license agreement with DirecTV and costs incurred to pursue enforcement actions against certain companies with whom we have been unable to secure negotiated licenses.

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General and administrative. General and administrative expenses of $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 decreased by $2.5 million, or 55%, as compared to $4.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease was primarily due to a $1.0 million loss recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2015 on the sale of Provitro’s assets and the disposal of corporate office assets.  The decrease was also due to (i) $0.7 million reduction in employment expenses resulting from a lower headcount, (ii) $0.2 million reduction in facilities costs and $0.1 million decrease in depreciation expense due to the closure of office locations, (iii) $0.2 million reduction in expenses associated with Provitro, and (iv) $0.3 million reduction in professional fees and other expenses.

General and administrative expenses of $5.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased by $7.7 million, or 57%, as compared to $13.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease was primarily due to (i) $4.4 million reduction in employment expenses resulting from a lower headcount, (ii) $1.0 million loss on the sale of Provitro’s assets and the disposal of corporate office assets, (iii) $0.7 million reduction in expenses associated with Provitro, (iv) $0.6 million reduction in facilities costs and $0.3 million decrease in depreciation expense due to the closure of office locations, and (v) $0.7 million reduction in professional fees and other expenses.

Stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation of $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 decreased by $1.2 million, or 68%, as compared to $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. Stock-based compensation of $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased by $0.6 million, or 19%, as compared to $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease for both the three and nine months was primarily due to a lower headcount in 2016 versus 2015 partially offset by expense associated with awards issued in June 2015 to our CEO.

Amortization of intangible assets. Amortization of intangible assets of $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 decreased by $1.2 million, or 34%, as compared to $3.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. Amortization of intangible assets of $7.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased by $3.7 million, or 34%, as compared to $10.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease for both the three and nine months was primarily due to a reduction in value of our intangible assets due to their impairment during the fourth quarter of 2015, partially offset by a change in their estimated useful lives.

Interest income. Interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was nominal and primarily related to interest earned on money market funds.

Interest expense. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 consisted of interest expense resulting from installment payment obligations associated with intangible assets acquired during 2013.  The payment obligation was satisfied in March 2015 and no further interest expense is being incurred.

Gain on contingency. Gain on contingency for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 of $2.0 million and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 of $2.2 million and $4.0 million, respectively, was due to the receipt of contingent payments associated with the disposition of assets of our prior satellite business.

Other expense. Other expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was due to losses on foreign currency transactions.

Income tax expense. We recorded a tax provision of $4.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 related to foreign taxes withheld on revenue generated from license agreements executed with third party licensees domiciled in a foreign jurisdiction. In general, foreign taxes withheld may be claimed as a deduction on future U.S. corporate income tax returns, or as a credit against future U.S. income tax liabilities, subject to certain limitations. However, due to uncertainty regarding our ability to utilize the deduction or credit resulting from the foreign withholding, we established a full valuation allowance against the related deferred tax asset at September 30, 2015.

We had no foreign taxes withheld during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and anticipate that we will not have a U.S. federal income tax liability for fiscal 2016 due to available tax loss carryforwards.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview. As of September 30, 2016, we had cash and cash equivalents of $176.3 million. Our primary expected cash needs for the next twelve months include ongoing operating costs associated with commercialization of our IP assets, expenses in connection with legal proceedings, expenses associated with researching new business opportunities and other general corporate purposes. We may also use our cash, and may incur debt or issue equity, to acquire or invest in other businesses or assets.

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We believe our current balances of cash and cash equivalents and cash flows from operations will be adequate to meet our liquidity needs for the foreseeable future. Cash and cash equivalents in excess of our immediate needs are held in interest bearing accounts with financial institutions.

Cash flows. The following table is provided to facilitate the discussion of our liquidity and capital resources for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands):

The increase in cash and cash equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 of $13.9 million was primarily due to $28.6 million of collected revenue, $2.0 million received from the disposition of assets associated with our former satellite business and the receipt of $1.3 million in installment payments on a note receivable, partially offset by $12.1 million of general corporate expenditures and $6.0 million paid on revenue share obligations.

The decrease in cash and cash equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 of $5.2 million was primarily due to $35.8 million of general corporate expenditures, a $4.1 million payment of foreign withholding taxes, a $4.0 million payment of an accrued obligation associated with the 2013 acquisition of our memory and storage technologies portfolio and a $2.0 million acquisition of intangible assets partially offset by $40.7 million of collected revenue.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the $12.6 million of cash generated by operating activities consisted primarily of (i) revenue generated by operations of $58.5 million, (ii) $2.0 million received from the disposition of assets associated with our former satellite business, and (iii) $0.5 million of interest income, partially offset by a $29.9 million increase in accounts receivable and operating expenses of $38.0 million adjusted for various non-cash items including (a) $7.1 million of amortization expense associated with intangibles, (b) $2.6 million of stock-based compensation expense, and (c) $0.2 million of depreciation and costs associated with abandonment of patents, as well as a $9.6 million increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current/non-current liabilities.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the $1.1 million of cash provided by operating activities consisted primarily of revenue generated by operations of $42.9 million and a $3.9 million gain on contingency from the disposition of assets associated with our former satellite business, partially offset by (i) foreign taxes paid of $4.1 million, (ii) a $4.8 million decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses, (iii) a $1.3 million increase in accounts receivable, prepaids and other current/non-current assets, and (iv) operating expenses of $51.9 million adjusted for various non-cash items including (a) $10.8 million of amortization expense associated with patents and other intangibles, (b) $3.3 million of stock-based compensation expense, (c) $1.0 million of loss on the sale of the Provitro assets and the disposal of corporate office assets, (d) $0.9 million of non-cash loss associated with the abandonment of patents, (e) $0.3 million of depreciation expense, and (f) $0.1 million of cost associated with patents sold.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the $1.3 million of cash provided by investing activities was due to the receipt of installment payments associated with the sale of the Provitro assets in 2015. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the $1.9 million of cash used in investing activities was primarily due to the $2.0 million acquisition of intangible assets in February 2015, partially offset by $0.1 million of proceeds associated with the disposition of property.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the $40,000 of cash utilized by financing activities relates to statutory taxes paid as a result of the vesting of restricted stock awards. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the $4.3 million of cash used in financing activities consisted primarily of a $4.0 million payment of an accrued obligation associated with the 2013 purchase of intangible assets and a $0.4 million payment to acquire the minority partner’s interest in Provitro, partially offset by net proceeds of $0.1 million related to stock option/award activity.

Contractual obligations. We have contractual obligations under operating lease agreements for our offices in Kirkland, Washington and Finland. We terminated our lease for office space in Plano, Texas effective June 30, 2016.

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Risks and Uncertainties

Certain risks and uncertainties that could materially affect our future results of operations or liquidity are discussed under “Part II—Other Information, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this quarterly report.

Inflation

The impact of inflation on our condensed consolidated financial condition and results of operations was not significant during any of the periods presented.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Other than as disclosed above under “Contractual Obligations,” we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows that are material to investors.

We have assessed our vulnerability to certain market risks, including interest rate risk associated with our accounts receivable, accounts payable, other liabilities, and cash and cash equivalents and foreign currency risk associated with our cash held in foreign currencies.

As of September 30, 2016, our cash and investment portfolio consisted of both cash and money market funds with a fair value of $176.3 million. The primary objective of our investments in money market funds is to preserve principal, while optimizing returns and minimizing risk, and our policies require, at the time of purchase, that we make these investments in short-term, high rated securities. These securities have a current yield of less than 1%.

Our primary foreign currency exposure relates to cash balances in foreign currencies. Due to the small balances we hold, we have determined that the risk associated with foreign currency fluctuations is not material to us.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, we have evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the third quarter of 2016 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

See Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

There have been no material changes to our risk factor disclosures included under Part I, Item 1A of our 2015 Form 10-K.

The Class A common stock securities purchases described in the table below represent the withholding of restricted stock to satisfy tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of the related restricted stock.  Number of shares purchased and average price paid per share have been adjusted to retrospectively reflect the Reverse Stock Split which was effective September 30, 2016.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

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