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EX-32 - CERTIFICATE PURSUANT TO SECTION 18 U.S.C. PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANE - Sunshine Biopharma, Incsmbf_ex32.htm
EX-31.2 - CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A)/15D-14(A) CERTIFICATIONS SECTION 302 OF - Sunshine Biopharma, Incsmbf_ex312.htm
EX-31.1 - CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A)/15D-14(A) CERTIFICATIONS SECTION 302 OF - Sunshine Biopharma, Incsmbf_ex311.htm
EX-21.1 - SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT - Sunshine Biopharma, Incsmbf_ex211.htm
 

U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
__________________
 
FORM 10-K
__________________
 
(Mark one)
 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017
 
 TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF1934 for the transition period from ________________ to________________________.
 
Commission File Number 000-52898
 
SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA, INC.
 (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Colorado
 
20-5566275
(State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
6500 Trans-Canada Highway
4th Floor
Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada H9R 0A5
 (Address of principal executive offices)
 
514) 426-6161
(Issuer’s Telephone Number)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:   None
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
 
Title of each class
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
 
OTC MARKETS
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes    No
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Act. Yes No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes    No 
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
 
 
Emerging growth company
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes    No
 
State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter on June 30, 2017 was $4,664,479.
 
As of March 28, 2018, the Registrant had 948,019,532 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding.
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE - None

 
 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
Page No.
Index
 
 
 
 
PART I
 3
 
 
 
Item 1.
Business
 3
 
 
 
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
 8
 
 
 
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
 8
 
 
 
Item 2
Properties
 9
 
 
 
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
 9
 
 
 
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
 9
 
 
 
PART II
 10
 
 
 
Item 5.
Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 10
 
 
 
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
 12
 
 
 
Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 12
 
 
 
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 17
 
 
 
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
 17
 
 
 
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
 19
 
 
 
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
 19
 
 
 
Item 9B.
Other Information
 20
 
 
 
PART III
 21
 
 
 
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
 21
 
 
 
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
 22
 
 
 
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
 24
 
 
 
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
 25
 
 
 
Item 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
 26
 
 
 
PART IV
 27
 
 
 
Item 15.
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
 27
 
 
 
 
Signatures
 28
 
 
2
 
 
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Act of 1934. The statements regarding Sunshine Biopharma Inc. contained in this Report that are not historical in nature, particularly those that utilize terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “likely,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “believes” or “plans,” or comparable terminology, are forward-looking statements based on current expectations and assumptions, and entail various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements.
 
Important factors known to us that could cause such material differences are identified in this Report. We undertake no obligation to correct or update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are advised, however, to consult any future disclosures we make on related subjects in future reports to the SEC.
 
PART I
 
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
 
History
 
We were incorporated in the State of Colorado on August 31, 2006 under the name “Mountain West Business Solutions, Inc.” Until October 2009, our business was to provide management consulting with regard to accounting, computer and general business issues for small and home-office based companies.
 
In October 2009, we acquired Sunshine Biopharma, Inc., a Colorado corporation holding an exclusive license to a new anticancer drug bearing the laboratory name, Adva-27a. As a result of this transaction we changed our name to “Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. and our officers and directors resigned their positions with us and were replaced by Sunshine’s management at the time, including our current CEO, Dr. Steve N. Slilaty, and our current CFO, Camille Sebaaly each of whom remain part of our current management. Our principal business became that of a pharmaceutical company focusing on the development of our licensed Adva-27a anticancer compound. In December 2015 we acquired all issued and pending patents pertaining to our Adva-27a technology and terminated the license. See “Part I, Item 1 – Business - Intellectual Property,” below for a more detailed explanation of this acquisition.
 
In July 2014, we formed a wholly owned Canadian subsidiary, Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc. (“Sunshine Canada”), for the purposes of offering generic pharmaceutical products in Canada and elsewhere around the world. Sunshine Canada has recently signed licensing agreements for four (4) generic prescription drugs for the treatment of cancer and BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia).
 
In January 2018, we acquired Atlas Pharma Inc., a certified company dedicated to chemical analysis of pharmaceutical and other industrial samples whose operations are authorized by a Drug Establishment License issued by Health Canada.
 
In March 2018, we formed NOX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Colorado corporation and assigned all of our interest in our Adva-27a anticancer compound to that company.
 
Our principal place of business is located at 6500 Trans-Canada Highway, 4th Floor, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada H9R 0A5. . Our phone number is (514) 426-6161and our website address is www.sunshinebiopharma.com.
 
Business Operations
 
As of the date of this report we are operating through the following wholly owned subsidiaries:
 
NOX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a recently formed Colorado company focused on the research, development and commercialization of proprietary drugs for the treatment of cancer including Adva-27a, a multi-purpose anti-tumor compound targeted for the treatment of multidrug resistant cancer;
 
Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc., a Canadian company, which offers generic prescription drugs for the treatment of cancer and other acute and chronic indications; and
 
Atlas Pharma Inc., a Canadian company acquired in January 2018, offering certified chemical analysis of pharmaceutical and other industrial samples.
 
 
3
 
 
Proprietary Drug Development Operations
 
Since inception, our proprietary drug development activities have been focused on the development of a small molecule called Adva-27a for the treatment of aggressive forms of cancer. A Topoisomerase II inhibitor, Adva-27a has been shown to be effective at destroying Multidrug Resistant Cancer cells including Pancreatic Cancer cells, Breast Cancer cells, Small-Cell Lung Cancer cells and Uterine Sarcoma cells (Published in ANTICANCER RESEARCH, Volume 32, Pages 4423-4432, October 2012). Sunshine Biopharma is direct owner of all issued and pending worldwide patents pertaining to Adva-27a including U.S. Patent Number 8,236,935. See “Part I, Item 1 – Business - Intellectual Property.”
 
 
Adva-27a is a GEM-difluorinated C-glycoside derivative of Podophyllotoxin. Another derivative of Podophyllotoxin called Etoposide is currently on the market and is used to treat various types of cancer including leukemia, lymphoma, testicular cancer, lung cancer, brain cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer and several other forms of cancer. Etoposide is one of the most widely used anticancer drugs. Adva-27a and Etoposide are similar in that they both attack the same target in cancer cells, namely the DNA unwinding enzyme, Topoisomerase II. Unlike Etoposide, and other anti-tumor drugs currently in use, Adva-27a is able to destroy Multidrug Resistant Cancer cells. Adva-27a is the only compound known today that is capable of destroying Multidrug Resistant Cancer. In addition, Adva-27a has been shown to have distinct and more desirable biological and pharmacological properties compared to Etoposide. In side-by-side studies using Multidrug Resistant Breast Cancer cells and Etoposide as a reference, Adva-27a showed markedly improved cell killing activity (see Figure below). Our preclinical studies to date have shown that:
 
Adva-27a is effective at killing different types of Multidrug Resistant cancer cells, including Pancreatic Cancer Cells (Panc-1), Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7/MDR), Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells (H69AR), and Uterine Sarcoma Cells (MES-SA/Dx5).
 
Adva-27a is unaffected by P-Glycoprotein, the enzyme responsible for making cancer cells resistant to anti-tumor drugs.
   
Adva-27a has excellent clearance time (half-life = 54 minutes) as indicated by human microsomes stability studies and pharmacokinetics data in rats.
 
Adva-27a clearance is independent of Cytochrome P450, a mechanism that is less likely to produce toxic intermediates.
 
Adva-27a is an excellent inhibitor of Topoisomerase II with an IC50 of only 13.7 micromolar (this number has recently been reduce to 1.44 micromolar as a result of resolving the two isomeric forms of Adva-27a).
 
Adva-27a has shown excellent pharmacokinetics profile as indicated by studies done in rats.
 
Adva-27a does not inhibit tubulin assembly.
 
 
 
 
These and other preclinical data have been published in ANTICANCER RESEARCH, a peer-reviewed International Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment. The publication which is entitled “Adva-27a, a Novel Podophyllotoxin Derivative Found to Be Effective Against Multidrug Resistant Human Cancer Cells” [ANTICANCER RESEARCH 32: 4423-4432 (2012)] is available on our website at www.sunshinebiopharma.com.
 
  
We have been delayed in our clinical development program due to lack of funding. Our fund raising efforts are continuing and as soon as adequate financing is in place we will continue our clinical development program of Adva-27a by conducting the following next sequence of steps:
 
GMP Manufacturing of 2 kilogram for use in IND-Enabling Studies and Phase I Clinical Trials
IND-Enabling Studies
Regulatory Filing (Fast-Track Status Anticipated)
Phase I Clinical Trials (Pancreatic Cancer Indication)
 
 
4
 
 
On November 14, 2014, we entered into a Manufacturing Services Agreement with Lonza Ltd. and Lonza Sales Ltd. (hereinafter jointly referred to as “Lonza”), whereby we engaged Lonza to be the manufacturer of our Adva-27a anticancer drug. In June 2015 we received a sample of the pilot manufacturing run for evaluation. Our laboratory analyses showed that, while the sample meets all of the required chemical, physical and biological specifications, the amount of material generated (the “Yield”) by the pilot run was found to be significantly lower than anticipated. We are currently working towards finding possible solutions to increase the Yield and define a path forward. During the course of our discussions concerning the problem of the low Yield, Lonza informed us that they required us to pay them $687,818 prior to moving forward with any activity pertaining to the manufacturing agreement we have with them. We have repeatedly indicated to Lonza that a clear path defining exactly how the extremely low Yield issue would be addressed is imperative prior to us making any payments. As of the date of this report, neither party has changed its position. See “Part I, Item 3 – Legal Proceedings.”
 
Adva-27a’s initial indication will be pancreatic cancer for which there are currently little or no treatment options available. We are planning to conduct our clinical trials at McGill University’s Jewish General Hospital in Montreal, Canada. All aspects of the clinical trials in Canada will employ FDA standards at all levels. Subject to obtaining the necessary financing, we now anticipate that Phase I clinical trials will commence in mid-2019 and we estimate that it will take 18 months to complete, at which time we expect to receive limited marketing approval for “compassionate-use” under the FDA and similar guidelines in Canada.
  
According to the American Cancer Society, nearly 1.5 million new cases of cancer are diagnosed in the U.S. each year.  Given the terminal and limited treatment options available for the pancreatic cancer and multidrug resistant breast cancer indications we are planning to study, we anticipate being granted limited marketing approval (“compassionate-use”) for our Adva-27a following receipt of funding and a successful Phase I clinical trial.  There are no assurances that either will occur.  Such limited approval will allow us to make the drug available to various hospitals and health care centers for experimental therapy and/or “compassionate-use”, thereby generating revenues in the near-term.
 
We believe that upon successful completion of Phase I Clinical Trials we may receive one or more offers from large pharmaceutical companies to buyout or license our drug.  However, there are no assurances that our Phase I Trials will be successful, or if successful, that any pharmaceutical companies will make an acceptable offer to us.  In the event we do not consummate such a transaction, we will require significant capital in order to manufacture and market our new drug.
 
 
Our Lead Anti-Cancer Compound, Adva-27a, in 3D
 
 
5
 
 
Generic Pharmaceuticals Operations
 
In 2016, our Canadian wholly owned subsidiary, Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc. (“Sunshine Canada”), signed Cross Referencing Agreements with a major pharmaceutical company for four prescription generic drugs for the treatment of Breast Cancer, Prostate Cancer and Enlarged Prostate. Following this acquisition we have been working towards commencement of marketing of these pharmaceutical products under our own Sunshine Biopharma label. These four generic products are as follows:
 
Anastrozole (brand name Arimidex® by AstraZeneca) for treatment of Breast Cancer;
Letrozole (brand name Femara® by Novartis) for treatment of Breast Cancer;
Bicalutamide (brand name Casodex® by AstraZeneca) for treatment of Prostate Cancer;
Finasteride (brand name Propecia® by Merck) for treatment of BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)
 
Worldwide sales of the brand name version of these products as reported by the respective pharmaceutical company, owner of the registered trademark are as follows:
 
Arimidex® $232M in 2016
Femara® $380M in 2014
Casodex® $247M in 2016
Propecia® $183M in 2015
 
Sunshine Canada is currently in the process of securing a Drug Identification Number (“DIN”) for each of these products from Health Canada. We are planning to use part of the already approved Atlas Pharma Inc. space as a drug warehouse to facilitate the process of obtaining a Drug Establishment License (“DEL”) from Health Canada. Upon receipt of the DEL and DIN’s, we will be able to accept orders for our own label SBI-Anastrozole, SBI-Letrozole, SBI-Bicalutamide and SBI-Finasteride. We cannot estimate the timing in our obtaining either the DIN’s or the DEL due to variables involved that are out of our control. The figure below shows our 30-Pill blister pack of Anastrozole.
 
 
We currently have twenty three (23) additional Generic Pharmaceuticals under review for in-licensing. While no assurances can be provided that we will acquire the rights to all or any of these drugs, we are confident we will acquire most, if not all of these rights.. We believe that a larger product portfolio will provide us with more opportunities and a greater reach into the marketplace. We hope to further build our generics portfolio of “SBI” label Generic Pharmaceuticals over time. There are no assurances this will occur.
  
Various publicly available sources indicate that the worldwide sales of generic pharmaceuticals are approximately $200 billion per year. In the United States and Canada, the sales of generic pharmaceuticals are approximately $50 billion and $5 billion, respectively. The generic pharmaceuticals business is fairly competitive and there are several multinational players in the field including Teva (Israel), Novartis - Sandoz (Switzerland), Hospira (USA), Mylan (Netherlands), Sanofi (France), Fresenius Kabi (Germany) and Apotex (Canada). While no assurances can be provided, with our offering of Canadian approved products we believe that we will be able to access at least a small percentage of the generic pharmaceuticals marketplace.
 
As part of a subscription agreement entered into in 2016, we have an obligation to pay a royalty of 5% of net sales on one of our generic products (Anastrozole) for a period of three (3) years from the date of the first sale of that product. As of the date of this Report we have not yet commenced marketing efforts and no sales or royalty payments have been made.
 
While no assurances can be provided and subject to the availability of adequate financing, of which there is no assurance, we anticipate that profits from the sales of Generic Products will be used to finance our proprietary drug development program, including Adva-27a, our flagship anticancer compound. In addition to near-term revenue generation, building the generics business infrastructure and securing the proper permits will render us appropriately positioned for the marketing and distribution of our proprietary Adva-27a drug candidate, provided that Adva-27a is approved for such marketing and distribution, of which there can be no assurance.
 
 
6
 
 
Subsequent Event -- Analytical Chemistry Services Operations
 
On January 1, 2018, we entered into an agreement (the “Atlas Agreement”) to acquire Atlas Pharma Inc. (“Atlas”), . The purchase price was $848,000 Canadian (approximately $678,400 US). Payment of the purchase price was comprised of (i) a cash payment of $100,500 Canadian (approximately $80,400 US); (ii) the issuance of 20,000,000 shares of our Common Stock, and (iii) a promissory note in the principal amount of $450,000 Canadian (approximately $360,000 US), with interest payable at the rate of 3% per annum. We are required to make payments of $10,000 Canadian (approximately $8,000 US) per calendar quarter, due and payable on or before the end of each such calendar quarter through December 31, 2023.
 
Atlas is a certified company dedicated to chemical analysis of pharmaceutical and other industrial samples. Atlas Pharma has 9 full-time employees and generated revenues of approximately $500,000 Canadian (approximately $400,000 US) in 2017. Housed in a 5,250 square foot facility, Atlas’s operations are authorized by a Drug Establishment License (DEL) issued by Health Canada and are fully compliant with the requirements of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). Atlas is also registered with the FDA.
 
We intend to expand Atlas’ business operations by purchasing additional equipment and hiring more technical and sales personnel. Part of the expansion will include the development and addition of new tests and new sample testing capabilities.
 
Intellectual Property
 
Effective October 8, 2015, we executed a Patent Purchase Agreement (the “October Purchase Agreement”), with Advanomics, a related party, pursuant to which we acquired all of the right, title and interest in and to U.S. Patent Number 8,236,935 (the “US Patent”) for our anticancer compound, Adva-27a.  On December 28, 2015, we executed a second Patent Purchase Agreement (the “December Purchase Agreement”), with Advanomics, pursuant to which we acquired all of the right, title and interest in and to all of the remaining worldwide rights covered by issued and pending patents under PCT/FR2007/000697 and PCT/CA2014/000029 (the “Worldwide Patents”) for our anticancer compound, Adva-27a.
 
Effective December 28, 2015, we entered into amendments (the “Amendments”) of these Purchase Agreements pursuant to which the total purchase price was reduced from $17,142,499 to $618,810, the book value of this intellectual property on the financial statements of Advanomics.  Further, the Amendments provided for automatic conversion of the promissory notes representing the new purchase price into an aggregate of 321,305,415 shares of our Common Stock once we increase our authorized capital such that these shares can be issued.  In July 2016 we increased our authorized capital and issued the 321,305,415 Common shares to Advanomics thereby completing all aspects of the patent purchase arrangements and securing direct ownership of all worldwide patents and rights pertaining to Adva-27a.
 
In addition, in 2016 we signed Cross Referencing Agreements with a major pharmaceutical company for four (4) prescription generic drugs for the treatment of Breast Cancer, Prostate Cancer and Enlarged Prostate. These agreements give us the right to register the four (4) generic products, Anastrozole, Letrozole, Bicalutamide and Finasteride in Canada under our own label and obtain a DIN for each in order to be able to place them on the market.
 
Our new wholly owned subsidiary, Atlas Pharma Inc., which we acquired on January 1, 2018 holds a Drug Establishment License from Health Canada and is registered with the FDA. Atlas Pharma Inc. is the owner of a relatively large portfolio of analytical chemistry methodology and Standard Operating Procedure. This intellectual property is protected as company secrets and controlled through employee and management confidentiality agreements.
  
Government Regulations
 
All of our business operations, including the Generic Pharmaceutical Operations, the Proprietary Drug Development Operations, and our newly acquired Analytical Chemistry Services Operations are subject to extensive and frequently changing federal, state, provincial and local laws and regulations.
 
In the U.S, the Federal Government agency responsible for regulating drugs is the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). The Canadian counterpart to the FDA is the Health Products and Food Branch (“HPFB”) of Health Canada. Both the FDA and HPFB have similar requirements for a drug to be approved for marketing. In addition, the quality standards for brand name drugs and generic drugs are the same. The ingredients, manufacturing processes and facilities for all drugs must meet the guidelines for Good Manufacturing Practices (“GMP”). Moreover, all drug manufacturers must perform a series of tests, both during and after production, to show that every drug batch made meets the regulatory agency’s requirements for that product.
 
 
7
 
 
In connection with our development of the new chemical entity, Adva-27a, we will be subject to significant regulations in the U.S. in order to obtain the approval of the FDA to offer our product on the market.  The approximate procedure for obtaining FDA approval involves an initial filing of an IND application following which the FDA would review the application and if all the data are in order and acceptable would give the go ahead for the drug sponsor to proceed with Phase I clinical (human) trials.  Following completion of Phase I, the results are filed with the FDA and a request is made to proceed to Phase II.  Similarly, following completion of Phase II the data are filed with the FDA and a request is made to proceed to Phase III.  Following completion of Phase III, a request is made for marketing approval.  Depending on various issues and considerations, the FDA could provide limited marketing approval on a humanitarian basis if the drug treats terminally ill patients with limited treatment options available.  As of the date of this Report we have not made any filings with the FDA or other regulatory bodies in other jurisdictions.  We have however had extensive discussions with clinicians at the McGill University’s Jewish General Hospital in Montreal where we plan to undertake our Phase I study for pancreatic cancer and multidrug resistant breast cancer they believe that Health Canada is likely to grant us a so-called fast-track process on the basis of the terminal nature of the cancer types which we will be treating.  There are no assurances this will occur.
 
Employees
 
As of the date of this Report we have three (3) employees, our management.  In addition, our new wholly owned subsidiary acquired on January 1, 2018, Atlas Pharma Inc., has 9 full-time employees. We anticipate that if we receive financing we will need additional employees in both our generic pharmaceutical and proprietary drug development operations including accounting, regulatory affairs, marketing, sales and laboratory personnel.
 
Competition
 
In the area of proprietary anticancer drug development, we will be competing with large publicly and privately held companies engaged in developing new cancer therapies. There are numerous other entities engaged in this business that have greater resources, both financial and otherwise, than the resources presently available to us.  Nearly all major pharmaceutical companies including Amgen, Roche, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Novartis, to name just a few, have on-going anti-cancer drug development programs and some of the drug they may develop could be in direct competition with our drug.  Also, a number of small companies are also working in the area of cancer and could develop drugs that may be in competition with ours.  However, none of these competitor companies can use molecules similar to ours as they would be infringing our patents.
 
The generic pharmaceuticals business is fairly competitive and there are many players in the field including several multinationals such as Teva (Israel), Novartis - Sandoz (Switzerland), Hospira (USA), Mylan (Netherlands), Sanofi (France), Fresenius Kabi (Germany) and Apotex (Canada)with annual sales in the range of approximately $2 billion to over $10. With our offering of Canadian approved generic products, we believe that we will be able to access at least a small percentage of the generic pharmaceuticals market.
 
Trademarks-Tradenames
 
We are the exclusive owner of all worldwide rights pertaining to Adva-27a covered by PCT/FR2007/000697 and PCT/CA2014/000029.  The patent applications filed under PCT/FR2007/000697 have been issued in Europe, Canada, the United States (8,236,935) and elsewhere around the world.  The patent applications recently filed internationally under PCT/CA2014/000029 are still pending.
 
We are also the owner of Cross Referencing Agreements for four (4) generic drugs which we will market and sell under the tradenames SBI-Anastrozole, SBI-Letrozole, SBI-Bicalutamide and SBI-Finasteride.
 
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
 
We are a smaller reporting company and not required to include this disclosure in our Form 10-K annual report.
 
 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
 
None.
 
 
8
 
 
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
 
Until June 1, 2017, our principal place of business was located at 469 Jean-Talon West, 3rd Floor, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3N 1R4.  This was also the location of our former licensor, Advanomics Corporation, who provided this space to us on a rent free basis in 2015 and 2016.  Dr. Steve N. Slilaty, our Chief Executive Officer and a Director, is an Officer, Director and principal shareholder of Advanomics.  Effective January 1, 2017 we took over the lease from Advanomics and this space became exclusively our own.
 
On June 1, 2017 we moved our place of business to our current location at 6500 Trans-Canada Highway, 4th Floor, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada H9R 0A5, which is an online virtual executive office. We pay a monthly rate of $188 (Canadian), including tax, for this location. Pursuant to our lease agreement our landlord is able to provide us with increased or decreased office space as may be requested by us from time to time.
 
ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
In February 2015 we filed an action in the Circuit Court of the 11th Judicial Circuit for Miami-Date County, Florida against Justin Keener, d/b/a JMJ Financial, arising out of a convertible note that we issued to the defendant.  The complaint alleged among other things, claims of usury, fraudulent inducement, breach of contract, and injunctive and declaratory relief.  This matter was settled during the first calendar quarter of 2016.  We received a one-time payment of $25,000 as part of the terms of settlement.
 
On November 14, 2014, we entered into a Manufacturing Services Agreement with Lonza Ltd. and Lonza Sales Ltd. (hereinafter jointly referred to as “Lonza”), whereby we engaged Lonza to be the manufacturer of our Adva-27a anticancer drug. In June 2016 we received a sample of the pilot manufacturing run for evaluation. Our laboratory analyses showed that, while the sample meets all of the required chemical, physical and biological specifications, the amount of material generated (the “Yield”) by the pilot run was found to be significantly lower than anticipated. We are currently working towards finding possible solutions to increase the Yield and define a path forward. During the course of our discussions concerning the problem of the low Yield, Lonza informed us that they required us to pay them $687,818 prior to moving forward with any activity pertaining to the manufacturing agreement we have with them. We have repeatedly indicated to Lonza that a clear path defining exactly how the extremely low Yield issue would be addressed is imperative prior to us making any payments. We issued a letter to them in June 2017 advising of our position. As of the date of this Report we have not received a response to our letter and no further action has been taken by either party.
 
To the best of our management’s knowledge and belief, there are no other material claims that have been brought against us nor have there been any claims threatened.
 
ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
 
Not applicable.
 
 
9
 
 
PART II
 
ITEM 5.    MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
 
Market Information
 
Trading of our Common Stock commenced on the OTC MARKETS in September 2007 under the symbol “MWBN.”  Effective November 30, 2009, the trading symbol for our Common Stock was changed to “SBFM” as a result of our name change discussed above.
 
The table below sets forth the reported high and low bid prices for the periods indicated.  The bid prices shown reflect quotations between dealers, without adjustment for markups, markdowns or commissions, and may not represent actual transactions in our Common Stock.
 
Quarter Ended
 
High
 
 
Low
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2016
 $0.0088 
 $0.0052 
June 30, 2016
 $0.0110 
 $0.0061 
September 30, 2016
 $0.0039 
 $0.0030 
December 31, 2016
 $0.0040 
 $0.0032 
 
March 31, 2017
 $0.0025 
 $0.0025 
June 30, 2017
 $0.0134 
 $0.0110 
September 30, 2017
 $0.0155 
 $0.0141 
December 31, 2017
 $0.0130 
 $0.0100 
 
As of March 27, 2018, the closing bid price of our Common Stock was $0.009 per share.
 
Trading volume in our Common Stock varies between a few hundred thousand shares to several million shares per day.  As a result, the trading price of our Common Stock is subject to significant fluctuations.
 
The Securities Enforcement and Penny Stock Reform Act of 1990
 
The Securities and Exchange Commission has also adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks.  Penny stocks are generally equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the Nasdaq system, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system).
 
As of the date of this Report, our Common Stock is defined as a “penny stock” under the Securities and Exchange Act.  It is anticipated that our Common Stock will remain a penny stock for the foreseeable future.  The classification of penny stock makes it more difficult for a broker-dealer to sell the stock into a secondary market, which makes it more difficult for a purchaser to liquidate his/her investment.  Any broker-dealer engaged by the purchaser for the purpose of selling his or her shares in us will be subject to Rules 15g-1 through 15g-10 of the Securities and Exchange Act.  Rather than creating a need to comply with those rules, some broker-dealers will refuse to attempt to sell penny stock.
 
 
10
 
 
The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document prepared by the Commission, which:
 
contains a description of the nature and level of risk in the market for penny stocks in both public offerings and secondary trading;
 
contains a description of the broker's or dealer's duties to the customer and of the rights and remedies available to the customer with respect to a violation to such duties or other requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, as amended;
 
contains a brief, clear, narrative description of a dealer market, including "bid" and "ask" prices for penny stocks and the significance of the spread between the bid and ask price;
 
contains a toll-free telephone number for inquiries on disciplinary actions;
 
defines significant terms in the disclosure document or in the conduct of trading penny stocks; and
 
contains such other information and is in such form (including language, type, size and format) as the Securities and Exchange Commission shall require by rule or regulation;
 
The broker-dealer also must provide, prior to effecting any transaction in a penny stock, to the customer:
 
the bid and offer quotations for the penny stock;
 
the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction;
 
the number of shares to which such bid and ask prices apply, or other comparable information relating to the depth and liquidity of the market for such stock; and
 
monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer's account.
 
In addition, the penny stock rules require that prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules; the broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser's written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement, a written agreement to transactions involving penny stocks, and a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement.  These disclosure requirements will have the effect of reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for our stock because it will be subject to these penny stock rules.  Therefore, stockholders may have difficulty selling their securities.
 
Holders
 
We had 149 holders of record of our Common Stock as of the date of this Report, not including those persons who hold their shares in “street name.”
 
Stock Transfer Agent
 
The stock transfer agent for our securities is Corporate Stock Transfer, Inc.  Their address is 3200 Cherry Creek South Drive, Suite 430, Denver, Colorado, 80209.  Their phone number is (303) 282-4800.
 
Dividends
 
We have not paid any dividends since our incorporation and do not anticipate the payment of dividends in the foreseeable future. At present, our policy is to retain earnings, if any, to develop and market our products.  The payment of dividends in the future will depend upon, among other factors, our earnings, capital requirements, and operating financial conditions.
 
Reports
 
We are subject to certain reporting requirements and furnish annual financial reports to our stockholders, certified by our independent accountants, and furnish unaudited quarterly financial reports in our quarterly reports filed electronically with the SEC.  All reports and information filed by us can be found at the SEC website, www.sec.gov.
 
 
11
 
 
ITEM 6.    SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.
 
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and notes thereto included herein.  In connection with, and because we desire to take advantage of, the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, we caution readers regarding certain forward looking statements in the following discussion and elsewhere in this Report and in any other statement made by, or on our behalf, whether or not in future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.  Forward looking statements are statements not based on historical information and which relate to future operations, strategies, financial results or other developments. Forward looking statements are necessarily based upon estimates and assumptions that are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control and many of which, with respect to future business decisions, are subject to change.  These uncertainties and contingencies can affect actual results and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward looking statements made by, or on our behalf.  We disclaim any obligation to update forward looking statements.
 
 Overview and History
 
We were incorporated in the State of Colorado on August 31, 2006 under the name “Mountain West Business Solutions, Inc.” Until October 2009, our business was to provide management consulting with regard to accounting, computer and general business issues for small and home-office based companies.
 
In October 2009, we acquired Sunshine Biopharma, Inc., a Colorado corporation holding an exclusive license to a new anticancer drug bearing the laboratory name, Adva-27a. As a result of this transaction we changed our name to “Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. and our officers and directors resigned their positions with us and were replaced by Sunshine’s management at the time, including our current CEO, Dr. Steve N. Slilaty, and our current CFO, Camille Sebaaly each of whom remain part of our current management. Our principal business became that of a pharmaceutical company focusing on the development of our licensed Adva-27a anticancer compound. In December 2015 we acquired all issued and pending patents pertaining to our Adva-27a technology and terminated the license. See “Part I, Item 1 – Business - Intellectual Property,” below for a more detailed explanation of this acquisition.
 
In July 2014, we formed a wholly owned Canadian subsidiary, Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc. (“Sunshine Canada”), for the purposes of offering generic pharmaceutical products in Canada and elsewhere around the world. Sunshine Canada has recently signed licensing agreements for four (4) generic prescription drugs for the treatment of cancer and BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia).
 
In January 2018, we acquired Atlas Pharma Inc., a certified company dedicated to chemical analysis of pharmaceutical and other industrial samples whose operations are authorized by a Drug Establishment License issued by Health Canada.
 
In March 2018, we formed NOX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Colorado corporation, and assigned all of our interest in our Adva-27a anticancer compound to that company.
 
As a result, we are now a holding company operating through these three wholly owned subsidiaries.
 
Our principal place of business is located at 6500 Trans-Canada Highway, 4th Floor, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada H9R 0A5. Our phone number is (514) 426-6161and our website address is www.sunshinebiopharma.com.
 
We have not been subject to any bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceeding.
 
Going Concern
 
Our financial statements accompanying this Report have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustment that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. We have a minimal operating history and minimal revenues or earnings from operations. We have no significant assets or financial resources. We will, in all likelihood, sustain operating expenses without corresponding revenues for the immediate future.  See “Financial Statements and Notes.”
 
 
12
 
 
Results Of Operations
 
Comparison of Results of Operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
During our fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we did not generate any revenues.
 
Total expenses for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 were $857,190, compared to $993,108 during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, a decrease of $135,918.  The expense categories that saw a decrease were consulting fees by $80,388, amortization and depreciation by $54,102, research and development by $32,793, and licenses by $19,203.  The decreases in these categories of expenses were offset to some extent by relatively modest increases in legal fees, accounting fees and officer and director compensation. The decrease in consulting fees in 2017 was due to the fact that a substantial amount of the work required for setting up the generic pharmaceuticals operations had been completed. Similarly, we incurred no licensing fees in 2017 as we acquired the Adva-27a rights and as a result, terminated the License Agreement we had for the same with Advanomics Corporation. The license expense of $19,203 we paid in 2016 was incurred in order to obtain the rights for our four (4) generic products. See “Part I, Item 1 – Business.”
 
We also incurred $104,829 in interest expense and $76,929 in losses from debt conversion during the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $34,732 in interest expense and $1,945,898 in losses from debt conversion during the similar period in 2016. In addition, we incurred a loss of $556,120 in 2016 as a result of impairment of the patents we purchased in 2015. See “Part I, Item 1 – Business.”
 
As discussed elsewhere in this Report, including “Part I, Item 1 – Business” and “Part III, Item 13 – Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence,” on October 8, 2015, we acquired U.S. Patent Number 8,236,935 (the “US Patent”) for the anticancer compound, Adva-27a from a related entity (Advanomics Corporation), which includes all rights to this intellectual property within the United States, in exchange for an interest-free note payable for $4,320,000 (the “October Patent Purchase Agreement”).  On December 28, 2015, we acquired the remaining worldwide issued and pending patents under PCT/FR2007/000697 and PCT/CA2014/000029 (the “Worldwide Patents”) for the Adva-27a anticancer compound from the same related entity (Advanomics Corporation) in exchange for a note payable for $12,822,499 (the “December Patent Purchase Agreement”).
 
We believe that purchase of the US Patent and the Worldwide Patents (the “Patents”) would facilitate our ability to obtain the funding necessary to complete the development and FDA approval process for Adva-27a. As a related party transaction, purchased patents are required to be recorded at the purchase price or the book value on the seller’s financial statements, whichever is lower. Effective December 28, 2015, the parties agreed to amend the October Patent Purchase Agreement and the December Patent Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment agreements (the “Amendments”), the Patents were purchased from a related party, Advanomics Corporation, at Advanomics’ cost less the amortization through December 28, 2015, the effective date of the transfer. The Amendments amended the purchase price of the Patents to $835,394, eliminated all cash payments obligations and replaced the non-convertible notes totaling $17,142,499 with two (2) convertible notes totaling $835,394 that automatically convert into an aggregate of 321,305,415 shares of our Common Stock. We needed to amend our Articles of Incorporation to establish additional authorized common shares in order to issue this stock. In July 2016, having completed the increase of our authorized capital to 3 billion shares of Common Stock, we issued the 321,305,415 Common Shares to Advanomics thereby completing all aspects of the patent purchase arrangements and securing direct ownership of all worldwide patents and rights pertaining to Adva-27a.
 
In 2016, following a review of the status of our intellectual property, the remaining value of the Patents ($556,120) on our Balance Sheet was impaired as required under applicable accounting rules.
 
As a result, we incurred a net loss of $3,496,687 (approximately $0.01 per share) for the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to a net loss of $1,040,236 (approximately $0.00 per share) during the year ended December 31, 2017.
 
Because we did not generate revenue in the last two years, following is our Plan of Operation.
 
Plan of Operation
 
As of the date of this report we are operating through the following wholly owned subsidiaries:
 
NOX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a recently formed Colorado company focused on the research, development and commercialization of proprietary drugs for the treatment of cancer including Adva-27a, a multi-purpose anti-tumor compound targeted for the treatment of multidrug resistant cancer;
 
Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc., a Canadian company formed in July 2014, which offers generic prescription drugs for the treatment of cancer and other acute and chronic indications; and
 
Atlas Pharma Inc., a Canadian company acquired in January 2018, offers certified chemical analysis of pharmaceutical and other industrial samples.
 
NOX Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Atlas Pharma Inc. are not included in the financials presented in this report.
 
 
13
 
 
See Part 1, Item 1, Business, above, for a more detailed description of these businesses.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
As of December 31, 2017, we had cash or cash equivalents of $107,532.
 
Net cash used in operating activities was $543,520 during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $314,182 during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.  We anticipate that our cash requirements for our operations will increase in the future before we reach profitability levels. 
 
Cash flows used in investing activities were $84,008 during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.  For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, cash flows used in investing activities were $3,439 arising primarily out of the purchase of laboratory and generic drugs warehouse equipment in 2017.  Net cash flows provided by financing activities totaled $670,705 in 2017, compared to $324,622 during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.
 
We have issued convertible and non-convertible notes to both related and unaffiliated parties in order to fund our operations. Following is a description of our liquidity and capital resources events in 2017:
 
In December 2016, we received monies from our CEO in exchange for a note payable having a principal amount of $90,000 Canadian ($67,032 US) with interest at 12% due March 31, 2017. The note was convertible any time after the date of issuance into shares of our Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. At the time, this note was collateralized by all of our assets. In the event of default, the interest rate will increased to 18% per annum and a penalty of $1,000 Canadian ($752 US) per day will accrue. On March 31, 2017, the note, together with accrued interest of $3,021 Canadian ($2,271 US) and an additional principal amount of $3,000 Canadian ($2,247 US) was renewed for a 90-day period under the same terms and conditions as the original note. The new note then having a face value of $96,021 Canadian ($72,198 US) was due on June 30, 2017. On June 30, 2017, the note, together with accrued interest of $2,873 Canadian ($2,005 US), was renewed for a 90-day period under the same terms and conditions as the original note except that the new note was not- convertible. The new note then having a face value of $98,894 Canadian ($76,072US) was due on September 30, 2017. On September 30, 2017, the note, together with accrued interest of $2,991 Canadian ($2,397 US) was renewed for a 90-day period under the same terms and conditions as the June 2017 note. The note, then having a principal balance of $101,885 Canadian ($81,640 US) matured December 31, 2017. On December 31, 2017 the note was renewed for a 12-month period under the same terms and conditions as the September 2017 note except that this new note is unsecured and nonconvertible. The new note has a face value of $104,942 Canadian ($83,649 US) and matures on December 31, 2018.
 
A note payable held by a private individual who subsequently became a principal shareholder of our Company, having a face value of $100,000 at December 31, 2016 and a maturity date of March 31, 2017, accrues interest at 12%. The Note is convertible any time from the date of issuance into shares of our Common Stock at a 35% discount from market price. On March 31, 2017, the note’s principal balance of $100,000 plus accrued interest of $11,715 was renewed for a period of 90 days under the same terms and conditions as the original note. The new note then having a face value of $111,715 matured on June 30, 2017. On June 30, 2017, the note’s principal balance of $111,715, plus accrued interest of $3,342 was renewed for a period of 90 days under the same terms and conditions as the original note. The new note then had a face value of $115,057 and matured on September 30, 2017. On September 30, 2017, the note’s principal balance of $115.057 plus accrued interest of $3,480 was renewed for a period of 90 days under the same terms and conditions as the original note. The new note then had a principal balance of $118,537, which matured on December 31, 2017. On December 31, 2017 the note was renewed for a 12-month period under the same terms and conditions as before. The new note has a face value of $122,093 and matures on December 31, 2018.
 
A Note Payable having a Face Value of $21,439 at December 31, 2016, and accruing interest at 12% was due December 31, 2017. On December 31, 2017, we renewed the note, together with accrued interest of $2,573, for a 12-month period. The new note has a Face Value of $24,012 and accrues interest at 12%. This note is convertible anytime from the date of issuance into shares of our Common Stock at a 35% discount from market price and is due December 31, 2018.
 
 
14
 
 
On April 1, 2017, we received monies in exchange for a note payable having a Face Value of $100,000 Canadian ($79,710 US) with interest payable quarterly at 9%, which is due April 1, 2019. The note is convertible any time after issuance into shares of our Common Stock at a price of $0.015 Canadian (approximately $0.012 US) per share.
 
On September 22, 2017, we received monies in exchange for a note having a Face Value of $62,000, with interest accruing at 8%, which is due June 30, 2018. The note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into shares of our Common Stock at a price 35% below market value.
 
On October 26, 2017, we received monies in exchange for a note payable having a Face Value of $115,000 with interest accruing at 8%, which is due October 26, 2018. The note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into shares of our Common Stock at a price 35% below market value.
 
On November 14, 2017, we received monies in exchange for a note payable having a Face Value of $113,000 with interest accruing at 8%, which is due November 14, 2018. The note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into shares of our Common Stock at a price 35% below market value.
 
On December 1, 2017, we received monies in exchange for a note payable having a Face Value of $50,000 Canadian ($39,855 US) with interest accruing at 8%, due November 30, 2018. The note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into shares of our Common Stock at a price 35% below market value.
 
On February 10, 2017, we received monies in exchange for a note payable having a Face Value of $50,000 with interest accruing at 8%, which is due November 20, 2017. The note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. In August 2017, the note was paid off with an additional $17,422 as a prepayment penalty.
 
On April 26, 2017, we received monies in exchange for a note payable having a Face Value of $ 65,000 with interest accruing at 8%, which is due April 26, 2018. The note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. In October 2017, we issued payment in the amount of $85,107 to pay off the note including a prepayment penalty of $20,107.
 
On August 3, 2017, we received monies in exchange for a note payable having a Face Value of $80,000 with interest accruing at 8%, which is due August 3, 2018. The note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a price 35% below market value.
 
On August 21, 2017, we received monies in exchange for a note payable having a Face Value of $83,000 with interest accruing at 8%, which is due May 30, 2018. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. In February 2018, the note was paid off with an additional $32, 370 as a prepayment penalty.
 
On July 1, 2016, we received monies in exchange for a note payable having a Face Value of $55,000 with interest accruing at 10%, which is due April 1, 2017. The note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a price 40% below market value. In December 2016 and January 2017, the note, together with $3,022 in accrued interest, was fully converted into 47,528,125 shares of our Common Stock.
 
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, we issued an aggregate of 149,336,640 shares of our Common Stock as follows:
 
o
40,000,000 shares for cash in the amount of $100,000 Canadian or $78,312 US
o
11,004,167 shares for the purchase of laboratory and generic drugs warehouse equipment valued at $56,700
o
42,000,000 shares valued at $336,000 as compensation to the Company’s Directors and Officers
o
13,804,348 shares for services rendered to the Company by third parties valued at $77,000
o
42,528,125 shares valued at $128,451 in connection with the conversion of $48,500 in debt and interest of $3,022 resulting in a $76,929 loss on conversion

Except as indicated, we relied upon the exemption from registration provided by Regulation D and Section 4(a)(1) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to issue the respective shares.
 
We are not generating revenue from our operations, and our ability to implement our business plan as set forth herein will depend on the future availability of financing.  Such financing will be required to enable us to further develop our generic pharmaceuticals business, proprietary drug development program, and analytical chemistry operations acquired in January 2018.  We intend to raise funds through private placements of our Common Stock and/or debt financing. We estimate that we will require approximately $8 million ($1 million for the generic pharmaceutical operations, $1 million for expansion of the analytical chemistry operations, and $6 million for the proprietary drug development program) to fully implement our business plan in the future and there are no assurances that we will be able to raise this capital.  
 
 
15
 
 
In late 2017 we signed an agreement with Jitney Trade Inc. (“Jitney”), a Canadian broker-dealer, to raise up to $10 million Canadian (approximately $8 million US) in a private offering being undertaken only in Canada (the “Offering”) in order to provide the funding we have estimated we need to implement our business plan. The Offering expired on February 28, 2018 without any funds having been raised. As of the date of this Report, we are engaged in negotiations with Jitney concerning the terms for extending the Offering. There are no assurances that any funds will be raised for us in this situation.
 
Our cost to continue operations as they are now conducted is nominal, but these are expected to increase as we move forward with implementation of our enhanced business plan.  We do not have sufficient funds to cover the anticipated increase in the relevant expenses.  We need to raise additional funds in order to continue our existing operations and planned expansions.
 
Inflation
 
Although our operations are influenced by general economic conditions, we do not believe that inflation had a material effect on our results of operations during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
Critical Accounting Estimates
 
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.  The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
  
Leases
 
We follow the guidance in SFAS No. 13 “Accounting for Leases,” as amended, which requires us to evaluate the lease agreements we enter into to determine whether they represent operating or capital leases at the inception of the lease.
 
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
 
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. The standard requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet rather than being separated into current and noncurrent. ASU 2016-17 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted and the standard may be applied either retrospectively or on a prospective basis to all deferred tax assets and liabilities. We adopted ASU 2016-17 during our first quarter of the year ended December 31, 2017, on a retrospective basis. The adoption of 2016-17 had no impact on our financial statements.
 
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-02, Leases (Topic 842), to provide guidance on recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements, specifically differentiating between different types of leases. The core principle of Topic 842 is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from all leases. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed from previous GAAP. There continues to be a differentiation between finance leases and operating leases. However, the principal difference from previous guidance is that the lease assets and lease liabilities arising from operating leases should be recognized in the balance sheet. The accounting applied by a lessor is largely unchanged from that applied under previous GAAP. The amendments will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach.
 
The modified retrospective approach includes a number of optional practical expedients that entities may elect to apply. These practical expedients relate to the identification and classification of leases that commenced before the effective date, initial direct costs for leases that commenced before the effective date, and the ability to use hindsight in evaluating lessee options to extend or terminate a lease or to purchase the underlying asset.
 
An entity that elects to apply the practical expedients will, in effect, continue to account for leases that commence before the effective date in accordance with previous GAAP unless the lease is modified, except that lessees are required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all operating leases at each reporting date based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments that were tracked and disclosed under previous GAAP. We are currently evaluating the impact of these amendments on our financial statements.
 
 
16
 
 
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations, to clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations and address how an entity should assess whether it is the principal or the agent in contracts that include three or more parties. The effective date and transition requirements for these amendments are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU 2014-09 (discussed above). We are currently evaluating the impact of these amendments on our financial statements.
 
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, to reduce complexity in accounting standards involving several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including (1) the income tax consequences, (2) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and (3) classification on the statement of cash flows. The amendments will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. Amendments related to the timing of when excess tax benefits are recognized, minimum statutory withholding requirements, forfeitures, and intrinsic value should be applied using a modified retrospective transition method, amendments related to the presentation of employee taxes paid on the statement of cash flows when an employer withholds shares to meet the minimum statutory withholding requirement should be applied retrospectively, amendments requiring recognition of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies in the income statement and the practical expedient for estimating expected term should be applied prospectively, and amendments related to the presentation of excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flows can be applied using either a prospective transition method or a retrospective transition method. An entity that elects early adoption must adopt all of the amendments in the same period. We are currently evaluating the impact of these amendments on our financial statements.
 
In April 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, to clarify the following two aspects of Topic 606: 1) identifying performance obligations, and 2) the licensing implementation guidance. The effective date and transition requirements for these amendments are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU 2014-09 (discussed above). We are currently evaluating the impact of these amendments on our financial statements.
 
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, to clarify certain core recognition principles including collectability, sales tax presentation, noncash consideration, contract modifications and completed contracts at transition and disclosures no longer required if the full retrospective transition method is adopted.
 
The effective date and transition requirements for these amendments are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU 2014-09 (discussed above). We are currently evaluating the impact of these amendments on our financial statements.
 
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, to clarify how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendments should be applied using a retrospective transition method, and are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact of these amendments on our financial statements.
 
In November 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force), to provide guidance on the presentation of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flow. The amendments should be applied using a retrospective transition method, and are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact of these amendments on our financial statements.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources and would be considered material to investors.
 
ITEM 7A.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 8.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
 
Reference is made to the Financial Statements, the notes thereto, and the Report of Independent Public Accountants thereon commencing at page F-1 of this Report, which Financial Statements, notes and report are incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
17
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
 
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
With Independent Accountant’s Audit Report
At December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
Page
Independent Accountant’s Audit Report
F-1
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet
F-2
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Operations
F-3
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
F-4
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity
F-5
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F-1
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
To the shareholders and the board of directors of Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
 
Opinion on the Financial Statements
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. (the "Company") as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related statements of operations, stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
 
Substantial Doubt about the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern
 
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 3 to the financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has a significant accumulated deficit. In addition, the Company continues to experience negative cash flows from operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 3. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
 
Basis for Opinion
 
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engage to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
 
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 

/s/ BF Borgers CPA PC
 
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2013.
Lakewood, CO
April 2, 2018
 
 
 
 
F-2
 
 
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.          
Consolidated Balance Sheet          
 
 
December 31,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 $107,532 
 $57,453 
Prepaid expenses
  9,667 
  1,007 
 
    
    
Total Current Assets
  117,199 
  58,460 
 
    
    
Equipment (net of $9,132 and $2,228 depreciation)
  59,996 
  5,944 
 
    
    
Patents (net of $58,918 amortization  and $556,120 impairment)
  - 
  - 
 
    
    
Non-current asset - Deposits
  80,290 
  - 
 
    
    
TOTAL ASSETS
 $257,485 
 $64,404 
 
    
    
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
    
    
 
    
    
Current Liabilities:
    
    
 
    
    
Current portion of notes payable
  516,867 
  69,939 
Current portion of notes payable - related entity
  205,742 
  167,032 
Accounts payable
  19,314 
  28,122 
Interest payable
  9,215 
  9,011 
 
    
    
Total Curent Liabilities
  751,138 
  274,104 
 
    
    
Long-term liabilities - Notes payable
  79,710 
  - 
 
    
    
 
    
    
TOTAL LIABILITIES
  830,848 
  274,104 
 
    
    
 
    
    
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
    
    
 
    
    
Preferred Stock, Series A, $0.10 par value per share; Authorized 5,000,000 Shares; Issued and outstanding -0- shares at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
  - 
  - 
 
    
    
Preferred Stock, Series B $0.10 par value per share; Authorized 500,000 Shares; Issued and outstanding 500,000 and 500,000 shares at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
  50,000 
  50,000 
 
    
    
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share; Authorized 3,000,000,000 Shares; Issued and outstanding 918,736,498 and 769,399,858 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively
  918,736 
  769,400 
       
    
    
Reserved for issuance 394,808,684 at December 31, 2017
    
    
 
    
    
Capital paid in excess of par value
  12,075,586 
  11,548,460 
 
    
    
Accumulated other comprehesive income
  504 
  394 
 
    
    
Accumulated (Deficit)
  (13,618,190)
  (12,577,954)
 
    
    
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT
  (573,363)
  (209,700)
 
    
    
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' DEFICIT
 $257,485 
 $64,404 
 
    
    
See Accompanying Notes To These Financial Statements.
 
 
F-3
 
 
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.      
Consolidated Statement Of Operations and comprehensive loss  
 
 
December 31,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Revenue:
 $- 
 $- 
 
    
    
General & Administrative Expenses
    
    
 
    
    
Accounting
  81,643 
  70,413 
Legal
  75,908 
  57,955 
Consulting
  127,013
  207,401 
Office
  45,726 
  45,215 
Licenses
  - 
  19,203 
Officer & director renumeration
  520,271
  499,397 
Research & development
  - 
  32,793 
Amortization & depreciation
  6,629 
  60,731 
 
    
    
Total G & A
  857,190 
  993,108 
 
    
    
(Loss) from operations
  (857,190)
  (993,108)
 
    
    
Other (expense):
    
    
Interest expense
  (104,829)
  (34,732)
Loss on conversion of notes payable
  (76,929)
  (1,945,898)
Loss on impairment of patents
  - 
  (556,120)
Litigation settlement proceeds
  - 
  25,000 
(Loss) from foreign exchange transactions
  (1,288)
  - 
Gain on interest forgiveness
  - 
  381 
Debt release
  - 
  7,790 
 
    
    
Total Other (Expense)
  (183,046)
  (2,503,579)
 
    
    
     Net (loss)
 $(1,040,236)
 $(3,496,687)
 
    
    
Basic (Loss) per common share
 $0.00 
 $(0.01)
 
    
    
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding
  872,685,608 
  424,874,458 
 
    
    
Net Income (Loss)
 $(1,040,236)
 $(3,496,687)
Other comprehensive income:
    
    
Unrealized foreign currency Gain (Loss)
 110
  (346)
Comprehensive (Loss)
  (1,040,126)
  (3,497,033)
 
    
    
Basic (Loss) per common share
  (0.00)
  (0.01)
 
    
    
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding
  872,685,608 
  424,874,458 
 
See Accompanying Notes To These Financial Statements.

 
F-4
 
 
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement Of Cash Flows
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (Loss)
 $(1,040,236)
 $(3,496,687)
Amortization and Depreciation
  6,629 
  60,731 
Stock issued for services
  427,400 
  702,300 
Loss on impairment of patents
  - 
  556,120 
Loss on conversion of notes payable
  76,929 
  1,945,898 
Stock issued for payment of interest
  3,022 
  9,270 
Debt forgiveness
  - 
  (1,313)
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses
  (8,660)
  2,104 
Increase (decrease) in Accounts Payable
  (8,808)
  (18,960)
Increase in Accounts Payable - related entity
  - 
  (80,000)
Increase(decrease) in interest payable
  204 
  6,355 
 
    
    
Net Cash Flows (used) in Operations
  (543,520)
  (314,182)
 
    
    
 
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
 
    
 
    
    
Purchase equipment
  (3,718)
  (3,439)
Deposits on business acquisition
  (80,290)
  - 
 
    
    
Net Cash Flows (used) in Investing Activities
  (84,008)
  (3,439)
 
    
    
 
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
 
    
 
    
    
Proceed from note payable
  660,565 
  131,150 
Notes Payable - Interest expense
  33,977 
    
Payment of notes payable
  (115,000)
  - 
Origination fees
  25,000 
  22,312 
Notes payable - related party
  2,251 
  67,032 
Note payable related entity for patent purchase
  - 
  - 
Sale of common stock
  63,912 
  104,128 
 
    
    
Net Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities
  670,705 
  324,622 
 
    
    
 
    
    
Net Increase (Decrease) In Cash and cash equivalents
  43,177 
  7,001 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
  6,902 
  (346)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
 $57,453 
 $50,798 
 
    
    
 
 $107,532 
 $57,453 
 
Supplementary Disclosure Of Cash Flow Information:
 
Cash paid for interest
 $21,900 
 $5,264 
Cash paid for income taxes
 $- 
 $- 
 
    
    
Stock issued for services
 $427,400 
 $702,300 
Stock issued for note conversions
 $128,451 
 $3,077,950 
Stock issued to buy equipment
 $56,700 
 $- 
Loan issued for interest
 $58,977 
 $- 
Stock issued for payment of interest
 $3,022 
 $- 
 
    
    
 
See Accompanying Notes To These Financial Statements.
 
F-5
 
 
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.                                            
Statement of Shareholders' Equity                                            
 
 
 
Number Of
 
 
 
 
 
Capital Paid
 
 
Number Of
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Common
 
 
Common
 
 
in Excess
 
 
Preferred
 
 
Preferred
 
 
Comprehensive
 
 
Accumulated
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares Issued
 
 
Stock
 
 
of Par Value
 
 
Shares Issued
 
 
Stock
 
 
Income
 
 
deficit
 
 
Total
 
Balance at December 31, 2015
  198,265,118 
 $198,265 
 $8,235,217 
  500,000 
 $50,000 
 $740 
 $(9,081,267)
 $(597,045)
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Common stock issued for cash
  12,555,556 
  12,556 
  91,572 
    
    
    
    
  104,128 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Common stock issued for services
  146,750,000 
  146,750 
  555,550 
    
    
    
    
  702,300 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Common stock issued for the reduction of note payable
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 and payment of interest
  411,829,184 
  411,829 
  2,666,121 
    
    
    
    
  3,077,950 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Net Income (Loss)
  - 
  - 
  - 
    
    
  (346)
  (3,496,687)
  (3,497,033)
Balance at December 31, 2016
  769,399,858 
 $769,400 
 $11,548,460 
  500,000 
 $50,000 
 $394 
 $(12,577,954)
 $(209,700)
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Common stock issued for cash
  34,000,000 
  34,000 
  29,912 
    
    
    
    
  63,912 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Common stock issued for services
  61,804,348 
  61,804 
  365,596 
    
    
    
    
  427,400 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Common stock issued for equipment
  11,004,167 
  11,004 
  45,696 
    
    
    
    
  56,700 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Common stock issued for the reduction of note payable
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 and payment of interest
  42,528,125 
  42,528 
  85,923 
    
    
    
    
  128,451 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Net Income (Loss)
  - 
  - 
  - 
    
    
  110 
  (1,040,236)
  (1,040,126)
Balance at December 31, 2017
  918,736,498 
 $918,736 
 $12,075,586 
  500,000 
 $50,000 
 $504 
 $(13,618,190)
 $(573,363)
 
See Accompanying Notes To These Financial Statements.

 
F-6
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
Note 1 – Description of Business
 
The Company was originally incorporated under the name Mountain West Business Solutions, Inc. (“MWBS”) on August 31, 2006 in the State of Colorado. Effective October 15, 2009, MWBS acquired Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. in a transaction classified as a reverse acquisition. MWBS concurrently changed its name to Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. and Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. changed its name to Sunshine Etopo, Inc. In 2015, Sunshine Etopo, Inc. became inactive and was recently dissolved.
 
On January 1, 2018, the Company acquired Atlas Pharma Inc., a fully certified Canadian company offering chemical analysis of pharmaceutical and other industrial samples. As a result of this and the recent formation of NOX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. is now operating through three wholly owned subsidiaries, including:
 
NOX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a recently formed Colorado company focused on the research, development and commercialization of proprietary drugs for the treatment of cancer including Adva-27a, a multi-purpose anti-tumor compound targeted for the treatment of multidrug resistant cancer;
 
Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc., a Canadian company formed in July 2014, which offers generic prescription drugs for the treatment of cancer and other acute and chronic indications; and
 
Atlas Pharma Inc., a Canadian company acquired in January 2018, offering certified chemical analysis of pharmaceutical and other industrial samples.
 
The financial statements represent the consolidated activity of Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. and its subsidiaries (hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Company"). The Company was originally formed for the purposes of conducting research, development and commercialization of drugs for the treatment of various forms of cancer. The Company may also engage in any other business that is permitted by law, as designated by the Board of Directors of the Company. NOX Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Atlas Pharma Inc. are not included in the Company's 2017 financials. 
 
During the last year the Company has continued to raise money through stock sales and borrowings.
 
The Company’s activities are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including failing to secure additional funding to operationalize the Company’s generic pharmaceuticals business and proprietary drug development program.
 
Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
This summary of significant accounting policies is presented to assist the reader in understanding the Company's financial statements.  The consolidated financial statements and notes are representations of the Company's management, which is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. These accounting  policies conform to generally accepted accounting principles and  have  been  consistently  applied  in  the  preparation  of  the  financial statements.
 
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
USE OF ESTIMATES
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting  principles  requires  management  to  make  estimates  and assumptions  that  affect the  reported amounts of assets and  liabilities  and disclosure of  contingent  assets and  liabilities  at the date of the financial statements  and the  reported  amounts  of  revenues  and  expenses  during  the reporting  period.  The  more  significant  estimates  and  assumptions  made by management  are valuation of equity  instruments,  depreciation  of property and equipment,  and deferred tax asset  valuation.  Actual results could differ from those estimates as the current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in these estimates and assumptions.
 
 
F-7
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
 
For  the  Balance  Sheets  and  Statements of Cash Flows,  all  highly  liquid investments with maturity of 90 days or less are  considered  to be cash equivalents.  The Company had a cash balance of $107,532 and $57,453 as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. At times such cash balances may be in excess of the FDIC limit of $250,000 or the equivalent in Canada.
 
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
 
Property and equipment is reviewed for recoverability when events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying value may exceed future undiscounted cash inflows. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had not identified any such impairment. Repairs and maintenance are charged to operations when incurred and improvements and renewals are capitalized.
 
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for tax purposes. Their estimated useful lives are as follows:
 
 
Office Equipment:
5-7 Years
 
Laboratory Equipment
5 Years
 
Vehicles
5 Years
 
 
 
F-8
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS - PATENTS
 
The cost of patents acquired is capitalized and will be amortized over the shorter of the term of the patent life (20 years) or the remaining life of the underlying patents.
 
The Company evaluates recoverability of identifiable intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that intangible assets carrying amount may not be recoverable. Such circumstances include, but are not limited to: (1) a significant decrease in the market value of an asset, (2) a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or (3) an accumulation of cost significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition of an asset. The Company measures the carrying amount of the assets against the estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with it.
 
There was an impairment loss of $556,120 for the year ended December 31, 2016.
 
The Company’s management determined that the expected cash flows would be less than the carrying amount of assets being evaluated; therefore an impairment loss was recognized. The impairment loss was calculated as the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets, exceed fair value.
 
EARNINGS PER SHARE
 
The Company has adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) ASC Topic 260 regarding earnings / loss per share, which provides for calculation of “basic” and “diluted” earnings / loss per share. Basic earnings / loss per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing net income / loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings / loss per share reflect the potential dilution of securities that could share in the earnings of an entity similar to fully diluted earnings / loss per share.
 
There were no potentially dilutive instruments outstanding during the period ended December 31, 2017 or the year ended December 31, 2016.
 
INCOME TAXES
 
In accordance with ASC 740 - Income Taxes, the provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method. The liability method measures deferred income taxes by applying enacted statutory rates in effect at the balance sheet date to the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts on the financial statements.  The resulting deferred tax assets or liabilities have been adjusted to reflect changes in tax laws as they occur.  A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized.
 
The Company expects to recognize the financial statement benefit of an uncertain tax position only after considering the probability that a tax authority would sustain the position in an examination. For tax positions meeting a "more-likely-than-not" threshold, the amount to be recognized in the financial statements will be the benefit expected to be realized upon settlement with the tax authority. For tax positions not meeting the threshold, no financial statement benefit is recognized. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had no uncertain tax positions. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions as general and administrative expenses. The Company currently has no federal or state tax examinations nor has it had any federal or state examinations since its inception. To date, the Company has not incurred any interest or tax penalties.
 
For Canadian and US tax purposes, the Company’s 2014 through 2016 tax years remain open for examination by the tax authorities under the normal three-year statute of limitations.
 
 
F-9
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
 
FUNCTIONAL CURRENCY
 
The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of the Company which is operating in the United States. The functional currency for the Company's Canadian subsidiary is the Canadian dollar.
 
The Company translates its Canadian subsidiary's financial statements into U.S. dollars as follows:
 
Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect as of the financial statement date.
Income statement accounts are translated using the weighted average exchange rate for the period.
 
The Company includes translation adjustments from currency exchange and the effect of exchange rate changes on intercompany transactions of a long-term investment nature as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. There are currently no transactions of a long-term investment nature, nor any gains or losses from non U.S. currency transactions.
 
CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISKS
 
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, notes receivables, deposits, and trade receivables. The Company places its cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 there were no trade receivables.
 
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
The Company applies the provisions of accounting guidance, FASB Topic ASC 825, Financial Instruments. ASC 825 requires all entities to disclose the fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized on the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value, and defines fair value of a financial instrument as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the fair value of cash, accounts receivable and notes receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other payables approximated carrying value due to the short maturity of the instruments, quoted market prices or interest rates which fluctuate with market rates.
 
The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements).
 
Level 1 — Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
 
Level 2 — Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, a Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
 
Level 3 — Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date.
 
 
F-10
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
The carrying value of financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value is measured on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Financial assets and liabilities measured on a non-recurring basis are those that are adjusted to fair value when a significant event occurs. The Company had no financial assets or liabilities carried and measured on a nonrecurring basis during the reporting periods. Financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis are those that are adjusted to fair value each time a financial statement is prepared.
 
NOTES PAYABLE
 
Borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently carried at amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognized in the income statement over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.
 
ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVES LIABILITIES
 
The Company evaluates stock options, stock warrants or other contracts to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for under the relevant sections of ASC Topic 815-40, Derivative Instruments and Hedging: Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity. The result of this accounting treatment could be that the fair value of a financial instrument is classified as a derivative instrument and is marked-to-market at each balance sheet date and recorded as a liability. In the event that the fair value is recorded as a liability, the change in fair value is recorded in the statement of operations as other income or other expense.
 
Upon conversion or exercise of a derivative instrument, the instrument is marked to fair value at the conversion date and then that fair value is reclassified to equity. Financial instruments that are initially classified as equity that become subject to reclassification under ASC Topic 815-40 are reclassified to a liability account at the fair value of the instrument on the reclassification date. The Company determined that none of the Company’s financial instruments meet the criteria for derivative accounting as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
EQUITY INSTRUMENTS ISSUED TO NON-EMPLOYEES FOR AQUIRING GOODS OR SERVICES
 
Issuances of the Company’s common stock or warrants for acquiring goods or services are measured at the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The measurement date for the fair value of the equity instruments issued to consultants or vendors is determined at the earlier of (i) the date at which a commitment for performance to earn the equity instruments is reached (a “performance commitment” which would include a penalty considered to be of a magnitude that is a sufficiently large disincentive for nonperformance) or (ii) the date at which performance is complete. When it is appropriate for the Company to recognize the cost of a transaction during financial reporting periods prior to the measurement date, for purposes of recognition of costs during those periods, the equity instrument is measured at the then-current fair values at each of those interim financial reporting dates.
 
NONCASH EQUITY TRANSACTIONS
 
Shares of equity instruments issued for noncash consideration are recorded at the estimated fair market value of the consideration granted based on the estimated market value of the equity instrument, or at the estimated value of the goods or services received whichever is more readily determinable.
 
RELATED PARTIES
 
A party is considered to be related to the Company if the party directly or indirectly or through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. A party which can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or if it has an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests is also a related party.
 
 
F-11
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
 
General and administrative expenses consisted of professional service fees, rent and utility expenses, meals, travel and entertainment expenses, and other general and administrative overhead costs. Expenses are recognized when incurred.
 
BASIC AND DILUTED NET GAIN (LOSS) PER SHARE
 
The Company computes loss per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share. ASC 260 requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the income statement.
 
Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net (loss) by the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Diluted net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method or the two-class method, whichever is more dilutive. As the Company incurred net losses for the year ended December 31, 2017 no potentially dilutive securities were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share as the impact would have been anti-dilutive.
 
Therefore, basic and dilutive net (loss) per share were the same as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
REVENUE RECOGNITION
 
The Company is focused on the research, development and commercialization of drugs for the treatment of various forms of cancer. The Company does not expect to generate revenues until clinical trials of its proposed products are completed. Once completed, revenues would be recognized as its technology is licensed or sold or its products become marketable.
 
IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
 
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-08, Receivables — Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities, to amend the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium. The ASU shortens the amortization period for the premium to the earliest call date. Under current Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), entities generally amortize the premium as an adjustment of yield over the contractual life of the instrument. The amendments should be applied on a modified retrospective basis, and are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its financial statements.
 
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-05, Other Income—Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets, to clarify the scope of Subtopic 610-20, Other Income—Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets, and to add guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. Subtopic 610-20, which was issued in May 2014 as a part of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), provides guidance for recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets in contracts with noncustomers. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, which is the same time as the amendments in ASU No. 2014-09, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its financial statements.
 
 
F-12
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-03, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections (Topic 250). The ASU adds SEC disclosure requirements for both the quantitative and qualitative impacts that certain recently issued accounting standards will have on the financial statements of a registrant when such standards are adopted in a future period. Specially, these disclosure requirements apply to the adoption of ASU No. 2014- 09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606); ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842); and ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.   The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these amendments on its financial statements.
 
Between May 2014 and December 2016, the FASB issued several ASU’s on Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). These updates will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under current U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The core principle is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services.
 
 A five-step process has been defined to achieve this core principle, and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing U.S. GAAP. The standards are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods therein, using either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standards in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially adopting the standards recognized at the date of adoption (which includes additional footnote disclosures). The Company is currently evaluating the impact of its pending adoption of these standards on its financial statements and has not yet determined the method by which it will adopt the standard in 2018.
 
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force), to provide guidance on the presentation of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flow. The amendments should be applied using a retrospective transition method, and are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these amendments on its financial statements.
  
DIRECTOR AND OFFICER COMPENSATION
 
For the period ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued to the Board of Directors 42,000,000 shares of par value $0.001 Common Stock valued at $336,000 or $0.008 per share. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Directors and Officers were paid $184,271 in cash. Of this amount, $147,695 was paid to Advanomics Corporation, a company controlled by the CEO of the Company.
 
For the period ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued 78,000,000 shares of par value $0.001 Common Stock to the three Company officers/directors valued at $241,800 or $0.0031 per share. The Company also issued to the Board of Directors 36,000,000 shares of $0.001 Common Stock valued at $252,000 or $0.0078 per share. In addition, the Company paid its officers $5,597 in cash.
 
LEGAL FEES
 
During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, legal fees were incurred largely as a result of services provided to the Company to assist with its regulatory requirements with the Securities and Exchange Commission and a litigation in which it was involved and since been resolved.
 
DATE OF MANAGEMENT’S REVIEW
 
Subsequent events have been evaluated through March 29, 2018, which is the date the Financial Statements were available to be issued.
 
 
F-13
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
Note 3 – Going Concern
 
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company had an accumulated deficit of approximately $13,618,190 and $12,577,954 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, had a net loss of approximately $1,040,236 for the year ended December 31, 2017 and a net loss of $3,496,687 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, and Shareholders’ Deficit of approximately $573,363 and $209,700 at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
 
These matters, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company believes it can raise capital through equity sales and borrowing to fund its operations. Management believes this will contribute toward its subsequent profitability. The accompanying Financial Statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.
 
Note 4 – Patents
 
The following is a summary of the Patents held by the Company at December 31, 2017 and 2016:
 
On October 8, 2015, the Company acquired U.S. Patent Number 8,236,935 (the “US Patent”) for the Adva-27a anticancer compound from Advanomics Corporation (“Advanomics”), a related party, in exchange for an interest-free note payable for $4,320,000. Effective December 28, 2015, the parties executed an amendment pursuant to which this note payable for $4,320,000 was cancelled and replaced with a new interest-free convertible note having a face value of $210,519, comprised of $155,940 in principal amount which is the Advanomics book value of the US Patent, plus $54,579 as an adjustment for the currency exchange difference. The new note is automatically convertible into 80,968,965 shares of the Company’s Common Stock upon the Company increasing its authorized capital to a level that would permit the issuance of such shares.
 
On December 28, 2015, the Company acquired the remaining worldwide issued and pending patents under PCT/FR2007/000697 and PCT/CA2014/000029 (the “Worldwide Patents”) for the Adva-27a anticancer compound from Advanomics, a related party, in exchange for a note payable for $12,822,499. Effective December 28, 2015, the parties executed an amendment pursuant to which this note payable for $12,822,499 was cancelled and replaced with a new interest-free convertible note having a face value of $624,875, comprised of $462,870 in principal amount, which is the Advanomics book value of the Worldwide Patents, plus $162,005 as an adjustment for the currency exchange difference. The new note is automatically convertible into 240,336,451 shares of the Company’s Common Stock upon the Company increasing its authorized capital to a level that would permit the issuance of such shares. The US Patent and the Worldwide Patents are herein referred to as the “Patents.”
 
The Patents were therefore acquired from the related party (Advanomics) for a total of $835,394, including a total of $216,584 in adjustments for the currency exchange difference ($618,810 net). Patents expire 20 years from the priority date and are therefore amortized over 20 years. The oldest of the Patents expires on April 25, 2026 and therefore the Company has deemed that the Patents have approximately 10 years remaining on their useful life.
 
 
F-14
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
In July 2016, the Company issued 321,305,416 shares of $0.001 par value Common Stock in exchange for notes payable totaling $835,394.
 
 
 
December 31,
2017
 
 
December 31,
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adva-27a US Patent
 $  
 $155,940 
Adva-27a Worldwide Patents
 $  
 $462,870 
 
    
    
Total
 $  
 $618,810 
Less: accumulated amortization
    
  (62,690)
Loss on impairment
    
  (556,120)
Total
    
    
 
 $-0- 
 $-0- 
 
Note 5 – Capital Stock
 
The Company’s authorized capital is comprised of 3,000,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value Common Stock and 30,000,000 shares of $0.10 par value Preferred Stock, to have such rights and preferences as the Directors of the Company have or may assign from time to time. Out of the authorized Preferred Stock, the Company has designated 850,000 shares as Series “A” Preferred Stock (“Series A”). The Series A is convertible at any time after issuance into 20 shares of the Company's Common Stock with no further consideration, has full voting rights at 20 votes per share, and has superior liquidation rights to the Common Stock. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company authorized 500,000 shares of $0.10 par value Series “B” Preferred Stock (“Series B”). The Series B Preferred Stock is non-convertible, non-redeemable and non-retractable. It has superior liquidation rights to the Common Stock at $0.10 per share and gives the holder the right to 1,000 votes per share. All shares of the Series B Preferred Stock are held by the CEO of the Company. Through December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company has issued and outstanding a total of 918,736,498 and 769,399,858 shares of Common Stock, respectively. Through the same periods, the Company has issued and outstanding a total of -0- and -0- shares of Series A Preferred Stock and 500,000 and 500,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, respectively.
 
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 149,336,640 shares of its Common Stock as follows:
 
40,000,000 shares for cash in the amount of $100,000 Canadian or $78,312 US
11,004,167 shares for the purchase of laboratory and generic drugs warehouse equipment valued at $56,700
42,000,000 shares valued at $336,000 as compensation to the Company’s Directors and Officers
13,804,348 shares for services rendered to the Company by third parties valued at $77,000
42,528,125 valued at $128,451 shares in connection with the conversion of $48,500 in debt and interest of $3,022 resulting in a $76,929 loss on conversion
 
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued 411,829,184 shares of Common Stock for the conversion of $1,122,782 in debt and interest of $9,270 generating a loss of $1,945,898 on conversion. The Company sold 12,555,556 shares of Common Stock for cash of $104,128 and issued 146,750,000 shares of Common Stock in exchange for services valued at $702,300. In 2016, 114,000,000 shares valued at $493,800 were issued to the Directors and Officers of the Company. The Officers and Directors shares are restricted and may not be sold without prior written consent of the Board of Directors of the Company.
 
The Company has declared no dividends since inception.
 
 
F-15
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
Note 6 – Earnings per Share
 
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share for the years ended December 31:
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Net (loss) attributable to Common Stock
 $(1,040,236)
 $(3,496,687)
Basic weighted average outstanding shares of Common Stock
  872,685,608 
  424,874,458 
Dilutive effects of common share equivalents
  -0- 
  -0- 
Dilutive weighted average outstanding shares of common stock
  872,685,608 
  424,874,458 
Net loss per share of Common Stock
    
    
Basic and Diluted
 $(0.00)
 $(0.01)
 
Note 7 – Income Taxes
 
The Company files a United States federal income tax return and a Canadian branch return on a calendar year basis. The Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc., have not generated taxable income since inception.
 
Deferred income taxes arise from the temporary differences between financial statement and income tax recognition of net operating losses. These loss carryovers are limited under the Internal Revenue Code should a significant change in ownership occur. The Company accounts for income taxes pursuant to ASC 740.
 
Deferred income taxes arise from the temporary differences between financial statement and income tax recognition of net operating losses and other items. Loss carryovers are limited under the Internal Revenue Code should a significant change in ownership occur.
 
The Company follows FASB Statement Accounting Standards Codification No. 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes”, which requires, among other things, an asset and liability approach to calculating deferred income taxes. The components of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities arising under ASC No. 740 were as follows:
 
There were no deferred income taxes at December 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
The types of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and their financial reporting amounts that give rise to a significant portion of the deferred assets and liabilities are as follows:
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
 
Temporary
Difference
 
 
Tax
Effect
 
 
Temporary
Difference
 
 
Tax
Effect
 
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net operating loss US
 $10,611,921 
 $3,932,778 
 $9,609,340 
 $3,561,221 
Net operating loss Canada
  266,498 
  71,421 
  202,188 
  46,099 
Total
  10,878,419 
  4,004,199 
  9,811,528 
  3,607,320 
 
    
    
    
    
Valuation allowance
  (10,878,419)
  (4,004,199)
  (9,811,528)
  (3,607,320)
 
    
    
    
    
Total deferred tax asset
  -0- 
  -0- 
  -0- 
  -0- 
 
    
    
    
    
Net deferred tax asset
 $-0- 
 $-0- 
 $-0- 
 $-0- 
 
 
F-16
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
Deferred income taxes arise from the temporary differences between financial statement and income tax recognition of net operating losses. These loss carryovers are limited under the Internal Revenue Code should a significant change in ownership occur.
 
At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had approximately $10,611,921 and $9,609,340, respectively in unused federal net operating loss carryforwards, which begin to expire principally in the year 2029. A deferred tax asset at each date of approximately $3,950,013 and $3,607,320 resulting from the loss carryforwards has been offset by a 100% valuation allowance. The change in the valuation allowance for the period ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was approximately $342,693and $521,180, respectively.
 
A reconciliation of the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to the effective tax rate is as follows:
 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2017

 
2016

U.S. Federal statutory graduated rate 
  34.00%
  34.00%
State income tax rate, net of federal benefit 
  3.06%
  3.06%
Net rate
  37.06%
  37.06%
 
    
    
Net operating loss used
  0.00%
  0.00%
Net operating loss for which no tax benefit is currently available 
  -37.06%
  -37.06%
 
  0.00%
  0.00%
 
The Company’s income tax filings are subject to audit by various taxing authorities. The Company’s open audit periods are 2014, 2015, and 2016, although, the statute of limitations for the 2014 tax year will expire effective March 15, 2018. In evaluating the Company’s provisions and accruals, future taxable income, and reversal of temporary differences, interpretations and tax planning strategies are considered.
 
Note 8 – Notes Payable
 
Notes payable consist of the following:
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A Note Payable having a Face Value of $21,439 at December 31, 2016 and accruing interest at 12% was due December 31, 2017. On December 31, 2017, the Company renewed the note, together with accrued interest of $2,573, for a 12-month period. The new note has a Face Value of $24,012 and is due December 31, 2018. The new note accrues interest at 12% and is convertible anytime from the date of issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a 35% discount from market price. The Company estimates that the fair value of this convertible debt approximates the face value, so no value has been assigned to the beneficial conversion feature. Any gain or loss will be recognized at conversion.
 $24,012 
 $21,439 
 
    
    
 
 
F-17
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
On July 1, 2016, the Company received monies in exchange for a note payable having a Face Value of $55,000 with interest accruing at 10% is due April 1, 2017. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a price 40% below market value. In December 2016, $6,500 of the principal was converted into 5,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value Common Stock valued at $20,000 and generating a loss of $13,500 on conversion. In January 2017, the remaining principal amount of $48,500 together with accrued interest of $3,022 was converted into 42,528,125 shares of $0.001 par value Common
Stock valued at $128,451 and generating a loss of $76,929 on conversion.
 $-0- 
 $48,500 
 
    
    
On February 10, 2017, the Company received $48,000 cash in exchange for a note payable having a Face Value of $50,000 with interest accruing at 8%, which is due November 20, 2017. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. In August 2017, the note was paid off  with additional $1,863 in accrued interest and $15,559 as prepayment penalty.
 $-0- 
 $-0- 
 
    
    
On April 1, 2017, the Company received monies in exchange for a note payable having a Face Value of $100,000 Canadian ($79,710 US) with interest payable quarterly at 9%, which is due April 1, 2019. The Note is convertible any time after issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a price of $0.015 Canadian (approximately $0.012 US) per share. The Company estimates that the fair value of this convertible debt approximates the face value, so no value has been assigned to the beneficial conversion feature. Any gain or loss will be recognized at conversion.
 $79,710 
 $-0- 
 
    
    
On April 26, 2017, the Company received $63,000 cash in exchange for a note having a Face Value of $ 65,000 with interest accruing at 8%, which is due April 26, 2018. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. In August 2017 the note was paid off with additional $2,607 in accrued interest and $19,500 as prepayment penalty.
 $-0- 
 $-0- 
 
    
    
On August 3, 2017, the Company received $76,000 in exchange for a note payable having a Face Value of $ 80,000 with interest accruing at 8%, which is due August 3, 2018. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. The Company estimates that the fair value of this convertible debt approximates the face value, so no value has been assigned to the beneficial conversion feature. Any gain or loss will be recognized at conversion.
 $80,000 
 $-0- 
 
 
F-18
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
On August 21, 2017, the Company received $80,000 cash in exchange for a note payable having a Face Value of $ 83,000 with interest accruing at 8% , which is due May 30, 2018. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. The Company estimates that the fair value of this convertible debt approximates the face value, so no value has been assigned to the beneficial conversion feature. Any gain or loss will be recognized at conversion.
 $83,000 
 $-0- 
 
    
    
On September 22, 2017, the Company received $60,000 cash in exchange for a note having a Face Value of $ 62,000 with interest accruing at 8%, which is due June 30, 2018. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. The Company estimates that the fair value of this convertible debt approximates the face value, so no value has been assigned to the beneficial conversion feature. Any gain or loss will be
recognized at conversion.
 $62,000 
 $-0- 
 
    
    
On October 26, 2017, the Company received $110,000 cash in exchange for a note payable having a Face Value of $ 115,000 with interest accruing at 8%, which is due October 26, 2018. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. The Company estimates that the fair value of this convertible debt approximates the face value, so no value has been assigned to the beneficial conversion feature. Any gain or loss will be recognized at conversion.
 $115,000 
 $-0- 
 
    
    
On November 14, 2017, the Company received $106,000 cash in exchange for a note payable having a Face Value of $ 113,000 with interest accruing at 8%, which is due November 14, 2018. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. The Company estimates that the fair value of this convertible debt approximates the face value, so no value has been assigned to the beneficial conversion feature. Any gain or loss will be recognized at conversion.
 $113,000 
 $-0- 
 
    
    
On December 1, 2017 the Company received monies in exchange for a note having a Face Value of $ 50,000 Canadian ($39,855 US) with interest accruing at 8%, due November 30, 2018. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. The Company estimates that the fair value of this convertible debt approximates the face value, so no value has been assigned to the beneficial conversion feature. Any gain or loss will be recognized at conversion.
 $39,855 
 $-0- 
 
    
    
Total Current Debt
 $596,577 
 $69,939 
 
 
 
F-19
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
 
Interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $79,833 and $34,732, respectively. The balance of interest payable at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $9,215 and $9,011, respectively. Loss on conversion of notes payable for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $76,929 and $1,945,898, respectively.
 
Note 9 – Notes Payable Related Party
 
Notes payable to related parties consist of the following:
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A note payable held by a private individual who subsequently became a principal shareholder of the Company having a face value of $100,000 at December 31, 2016 and a maturity date of March 31, 2017, accrues interest at 12%. The Note is convertible any time from the date of issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a 35% discount from market price. On March 31, 2017, the note’s principal balance of $100,000 plus accrued interest of $11,715 was renewed for a period of 90 days under the same terms and conditions as the original note. The new note now having a face value of $111,715 matures on June 30, 2017. On June 30, 2017, the note’s principal balance of $111,715 plus accrued interest of $3,342 was renewed for a period of 90 days under the same terms and conditions as the original note. The new note now having a face value of $115,057 matures on September 30, 2017. On September 30, 2017, the note’s principal balance of $115.057 plus accrued interest of $3,480 was renewed for a period of 90 days under the same terms and conditions as the original note. The new note now having a principal balance of $118,537 matures on December 31, 2017. On December 31, 2017 the note plus accrued interest of $3,556 was renewed for a 12-month period under the same terms and conditions as before. The new note has a face value of $122,093 and matures on December 31, 2018. The Company estimates that the fair value of this convertible debt approximates the face value, so no value has been assigned to the beneficial conversion feature. Any gain or loss will be recognized at conversion.
 $122,093 
 $100,000
 
    
    
In December 2016, the Company received monies from its CEO in exchange for a note payable having a principal amount of $90,000 Canadian ($67,032 US) with interest at 12% due March 31, 2017. The note was convertible any time after the date of issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. This note was collateralized by all of the assets of the Company. In the event of default, the interest rate will increased to 18% per annum and a penalty of $1,000 Canadian ($752 US) per day will accrue. On March 31, 2017, the note, together with accrued interest of $3,021 Canadian ($2,271 US) and an additional principal amount of $3,000 Canadian ($2,247 US) paid to the Company on March 28, 2017, was renewed for a 90-day period under the same terms and conditions as the original note. The new note now having a face value of $96,021 Canadian ($72,198 US) was due on June 30, 2017. On June 30, 2017, the note, together with accrued interest of $2,873 Canadian ($2,005 US), was renewed for a 90-day period under the same terms and conditions as the original note except that the new note is non-convertible. The new note now having a face value of $98,894 Canadian ($76,072US) is due on September 30, 2017. On September 30, 2017, the note, together with accrued interest of $2,991 Canadian ($2,397 US) was renewed for a 90-day period under the same terms and conditions as the original note except that the new note is nonconvertible. The new note now having a principal balance of $101,885 Canadian ($81,640 US) matures December 31, 2017. On December 31, 2017 the note was renewed for a 12-month period under the same terms and conditions as before except that this new note is unsecured and nonconvertible. The new note has a face value of $104,942 Canadian ($83,649 US) and matures on December 31, 2018.
 $83,649
 $67,032 
 
    
    
Total Current Related Party Debt
 $205,742 
 $167,032 
 
 
F-20
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
Note 10 – Related Party Transactions
 
In December 2016, the Company received monies from our CEO in exchange for a note payable having a principal of $90,000 Canadian ($67,032 US) with interest at 12% due March 31, 2017. The Note is convertible any time after the date of issuance into shares of our Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. We estimated that the fair value of the convertible debt approximates the face value, so no value has been assigned to the beneficial conversion feature. This Note is collateralized by all of the assets of the Company. On March 31, 2017, the note, together with accrued interest of $3,021 Canadian ($2,271 US) and an additional principal amount of $3,000 Canadian ($2,247 US) paid to the Company on March 28, 2017, was renewed for a 90-day period under the same terms and conditions as the original note. The new note now having a face value of $96,021 Canadian ($72,198 US) was due on June 30, 2017. On June 30, 2017, the note, together with accrued interest of $2,873 Canadian ($2,005 US), was renewed for a 90-day period under the same terms and conditions as the original note except that the new note is nonconvertible. The new note now having a face value of $98,894 Canadian ($76,072US) is due on September 30, 2017. On September 30, 2017, the note, together with accrued interest of $2,991 Canadian ($2,397 US), was renewed for a 90-day period under the same terms and conditions as the original note except that the new note is nonconvertible. The new note now having a principal balance of $101,885 Canadian ($81,640 US) matures December 31, 2017. On December 31, 2017, the note was renewed for a 12-month period under the same terms and conditions as the original note except that this note is unsecured and non-convertible. The new note has a face value of $104,942 Canadian ($84,649 US) and matures on December 31, 2018.
 
A note payable held by a private individual who subsequently became a principal shareholder of the Company having a face value of $100,000 at December 31, 2016 and a maturity date of March 31, 2017, accrues interest at 12%. The Note is convertible any time from the date of issuance into $0.001 par value Common Stock at a 35% discount from market price. On March 31, 2017, the note’s principal balance of $100,000 plus accrued interest of $11,715 was renewed for a period of 90 days under the same terms and conditions as the original note. The new note now having a face value of $111,715 matures on June 30, 2017. On June 30, 2017, the note’s principal balance of $111,715 plus accrued interest of $3,342 was renewed for a period of 90 days under the same terms and conditions as the original note. The new note now having a face value of $115,057 matures on September 30, 2017. On September 30, 2017, the note’s principal balance of $115.057 plus accrued interest of $3,480 was renewed for a period of 90 days under the same terms and conditions as the original note. The new note now having a principal balance of $118,537 matures on December 31, 2017. On December 31, 2017 the note was renewed for a 12-month period under the same terms and conditions as before. The new note has a face value of $122,093 and matures on December 31, 2018.
 
Until June 1, 2017, the Company’s principal place of business was located at 469 Jean-Talon West, 3rd Floor, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3N R4.  This was also the location of the Company’s former licensor, Advanomics Corporation (“Advanomics”), who provided this space to the Company on a rent free basis in 2015 and 2016.  Starting January 1, 2017, the Company took over the lease from Advanomics for this space until it moved to its current location in June 2017.
 
In February and April 2016, the Company paid $30,000 and $50,487 to Advanomics for the balance of 2015 licensing fees.
 
In 2016, Advanomics Corporation paid on behalf of the Company $13,725 Canadian in patenting fees. Advanomics was fully reimbursed by the Company in January 2017.
 
Dr. Steve N. Slilaty, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and a Director, is an Officer, Director and principal shareholder of Advanomics.
 
During the period ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued to its Directors and Officers 42,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value Common Stock valued at $336,000 or $0.008 per share. In addition, the Directors and Officers were paid an aggregate of $184,271 for their services in 2017. Of this amount, $147,695 was paid to Advanomics Corporation, a company controlled by the CEO of the Company.
 
During the period ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued 78,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value Common Stock to the three Company officers valued at $241,800 or $0.0031 per share. During the same period, the Company also issued to the Board of Directors 36,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value Common Stock valued at $252,000 or $0.0078 per share. In addition, the Company paid its officers $5,597 in cash.
 
 
F-21
Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017 and 2016
 
Note 11 – Royalties Payable
 
As part of a subscription agreement entered into in February 2016, the Company has an obligation to pay a royalty of 5% of net sales on one of its generic products (Anastrozole) for a period of three (3) years from the date of the first sale of that product. As of the date hereof, the Company has not received revenues from the sale of this product.
 
Note 12 – Acquisition of Atlas Pharma Inc.
 
In December 2017, the Company issued a payment of $100,500 Canadian ($80,290 US) to Mr. Mohamed Belhai as a deposit towards the acquisition of Atlas Pharma Inc. On January 1, 2018, the Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with Mr. Mohamed Belhaj and Atlas Pharma Inc. (the “Atlas Agreement”), wherein the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares (the “Shares”) of Atlas Pharma Inc., (“Atlas”) from Mr. Belhaj. The purchase price for the Shares was $848,000 Canadian (approximately $678,400 US). The purchase price included a cash payment of $100,500 Canadian ($80,290 US), plus issuance of 20,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock, plus a promissory note in the principal amount of $450,000 Canadian (approximately $360,000 US), with interest payable at the rate of 3% per annum. The Company is required to make payments of $10,000 per calendar quarter, due and payable on or before the end of each such calendar quarter through December 31, 2023.
 
Note 13 – Subsequent Events
 
On January 1, 2018, the Company acquired Atlas Pharma Inc., a Montreal-based, fully certified analytical chemistry company dedicated to chemical analysis of pharmaceutical and other industrial samples. More information about Atlas Pharma is available at www.atlaspharmainc.ca.
 
On January 12, 2018, the Company received monies in exchange for a convertible note payable having a face value of $102,000.
 
On February 6, 2018, the Company issued payment in the amount of $51,613 to pay off approximately half of a note payable dated August 3, 2017, and on February 12 and 21 the remainder was converted into a total of 6,555,761 shares of the Company's Common Stock.
 
On February 7, 2018, the Company received monies in exchange for a convertible note payable having a face value of $150,000.
 
On February 16, 2018, the Company issued payment in the amount of $115,370 to pay off a note payable dated August 21, 2017.
 
On February 20, 2018, the Company received monies in exchange for a convertible note payable having a face value of $85,000.
 
On March 27, 2018, the holder of a convertible note having a face value of $62,000 elected to convert $15,000 of the outstanding principal amount into 2,727,273 shares of the Company's Common Stock, leaving a principal balance of $47,000.
 
 
 
 
 
F-22
 
 
ITEM 9.    CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
 
None
 
ITEM 9A.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures  Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this Report.
 
These controls are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO/CFO to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2017, at reasonable assurance level, for the following reasons:
 
ineffective control environment and lack of qualified full-time CFO who has SEC experience to focus on our financial affairs;
 
lack of qualified and sufficient personnel, and processes to adequately and timely identify making any and all required public disclosures;
 
deficiencies in the period-end reporting process and accounting policies;
 
inadequate internal controls over the application of new accounting principles or the application of existing accounting principles to new transactions;
 
inadequate internal controls relating to the authorization, recognition, capture, and review of transactions, facts, circumstances, and events that could have a material impact on the company’s financial reporting process;
 
deficient revenue recognition policies;
 
inadequate internal controls with respect to inventory transactions; and
 
improper and lack of timely accounting for accruals such as prepaid expenses, accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
 
Our Board of Directors has assigned a priority to the short-term and long-term improvement of our internal control over financial reporting. We are reviewing various potential solutions to remedy the processes that would eliminate the issues that may arise due to the absence of separation of duties within the financial reporting functions. Additionally, the Board of Directors will work with management to continuously review controls and procedures to identified deficiencies and implement remediation within our internal controls over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures.
 
We believe that our financial statements presented in this annual report on Form 10-K fairly present, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for all periods presented herein.
 
 
19
 
 
Inherent Limitations – Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all error and all fraud.  A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.  The design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.  Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected.  These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdown can occur because of simple error or mistake. In particular, many of our current processes rely upon manual reviews and processes to ensure that neither human error nor system weakness has resulted in erroneous reporting of financial data.
 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting – There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, which were identified in conjunction with management’s evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting.  Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.
 
Management Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act.  Those rules define internal control over financial reporting as a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that: 
 
Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;
 
Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and the receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and
 
Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisitions, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
 
Based on an assessment carried out March 25-26, 2018, management believes that, as of December 31, 2017, our internal control over financial reporting were ineffective based in part on the issues discussed above.
 
ITEM 9B.    OTHER INFORMATION
 
None.   
 
 
20
 
 
PART III
 
ITEM 10.    DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
 
Following is a list of our officers and directors:
 
Name
 
Age
 
Position(s)
 
 
 
 
 
Dr. Steve N. Slilaty
 
65
 
President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman
 
 
 
 
 
Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki
 
54
 
Chief Operating Officer and Director
 
 
 
 
 
Camille Sebaaly
 
57
 
Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Director
 
Our directors serve as directors until our next Annual Meeting of Stockholders and the election and qualification of the director’s respective successor or until the director’s earlier death, removal or resignation.
 
               Following is biographical information of our current management:
 
Dr. Steve N. Slilaty was appointed as our CEO, President and Chairman of our Board of Directors on October 15, 2009.  Dr. Slilaty is an accomplished scientist and business executive. His scientific publications are widely cited including university textbooks. Sunshine Biopharma is the third in a line of biotechnology companies that Dr. Slilaty founded and managed through their early and mid-stages of development.  The first, Quantum Biotechnologies Inc. later known as Qbiogene Inc., was founded in 1991 and grew to over $60 million in annual sales.  Today, Qbiogene is a member of a family of companies owned by MP Biomedicals, one of the largest international suppliers of biotechnology reagents and other research products.  The second company which Dr. Slilaty founded, Genomics One Corporation, later known as Alert B&C Corporation, conducted an initial public offering (IPO) of its capital stock in 1999 and, on the basis of its ownership of Dr. Slilaty’s patented TrueBlue® Technology, Genomics One became one of the key participants in the Human Genome Project.  Formerly a research team leader of the Biotechnology Research Institute, a division of the National Research Council of Canada, Dr. Slilaty also served as a consultant in a management and advisory capacity for a major Canadian biotechnology company between 1995 and 1997 during which time the company completed one of the largest biotechnology IPO‘s in Canada. Dr. Slilaty is one of the pioneers of Gene Therapy having developed the first gene delivery system applicable to humans in 1983 [Science 220:725-727 (1983)]. Dr. Slilaty's other distinguished scientific career accomplishments include the discovery of a new class of enzymes, the S24 Family of Proteases (IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature: EC 3.4.21.88), development of the first site-directed mutagenesis system applicable to double-stranded DNA, cloning the gene for the first yeast-lytic enzyme (lytic b-1,3-glucanase), developing a new molecular strategy for increasing the rate of enzyme reactions, inventing a powerful new cloning system for genomic cloning and gene discovery (TrueBlue® Technology) and developing a new transcriptomics technology for generating entire RNA profiles. These and other works of Dr. Slilaty are cited in research papers, editorials, review articles and textbooks.  Dr. Slilaty received his Ph.D. degree in Molecular Biology from the University of Arizona in 1983 and Bachelor of Science degree in Genetics and Biochemistry from Cornell University in 1976.  In addition, Dr. Slilaty holds a position as Adjunct Professor at Université du Québec in the Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology.  He devotes approximately 50% of his time to our business affairs.
 
Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki was appointed as a Director and our Chief Operating Officer in February 2016.  In addition to his new positions with our Company, since January 2016 he has been self-employed as a consultant in the fields of biotechnology and pharmacology.  From July 2007 through December 2016, Dr. Merzouki worked at the Institute of Biomedical Engineering in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, where he taught and acted as a senior scientist involved in the research and development of plasmid and siRNA-based therapies.  Dr. Merzouki is a molecular biologist and an immunologist with extensive experience in the area of gene therapy where he performed several preclinical studies for pharmaceutical companies involving the use of adenoviral vectors for cancer therapy and plasmid vectors for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusions.  Dr. Merzouki also has extensive expertise in the design of expression vectors, and production and purification of recombinant proteins.  He developed technologies for production of biogeneric therapeutic proteins for the treatment of various diseases including cancer, diabetes, hepatitis and multiple sclerosis.  Dr. Merzouki obtained his Ph.D. in Virology and Immunology from Institut Armand-Frappier in Quebec and received his post-doctoral training at the University of British Columbia and the BC Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS research.  Dr. Merzouki has over 30 publications and 70 communications in various, highly respected scientific journals in the field of cellular and molecular biology.  He will devote approximately 50% of his time to our business affairs.
 
 
21
 
 
Camille Sebaaly was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and a Director of our Company on October 15, 2009.  Since 2001, Mr. Sebaaly has been self-employed as a business consultant, primarily in the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical sectors.  He held a number of senior executive positions in various areas including, financial management, business development, project management and finance. As an executive and an entrepreneur, he combines expertise in strategic planning and finance with strong skills in business development and deal structure and negotiations.  In addition, Mr. Sebaaly worked in operations, general management, investor relations, marketing and business development with emphasis on international business and marketing of advanced technologies including hydrogen generation and energy saving.  In the area of marketing, Mr. Sebaaly has evaluated market demands and opportunities, created strategic marketing and business development plans, designed marketing communications and launched market penetration programs.  Mr. Sebaaly was a cofounder of Advanomics Corporation with Dr. Slilaty.  Mr. Sebaaly graduated from State University of New York at Buffalo with an Electrical and Computer Engineering Degree in 1987.  He devotes approximately 50% of his time to our business affairs.
 
There are no family relationships between any of our former or current officers and directors.
 
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
 
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “34 Act”) requires our officers and directors and persons owning more than ten percent of the Common Stock, to file initial reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  Additionally, Item 405 of Regulation S-K under the 34 Act requires us to identify in our Form 10-K and proxy statement those individuals for whom one of the above referenced reports was not filed on a timely basis during the most recent year or prior years. To our best knowledge, all reports that were required to be filed were filed, but were filed late.
 
Code of Ethics
 
Our board of directors has not adopted a code of ethics but plans to do so in the near future.
 
Committees of the Board of Directors
 
There are no committees of the Board of Directors but it is anticipated that we will establish an audit committee, nominating committee and governance committee once independent directors are appointed, which is expected to occur in the near future.
 
ITEM 11.    EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
 
The following table sets forth information concerning all cash and non-cash compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our executive officers. We do not currently have an established policy to provide compensation to members of our Board of Directors for their services in that capacity, although we may choose to adopt a policy in the future. 
 
 
22
 
 
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
 
 
 
 
 
Salary
 
 
Bonus
 
 
Option Awards
 
 
All Other Compensation
 
 
Total
 
Name and Principal Position
 
Year
 
($)
 
 
($)
 
 
($)
 
 
($)
 
 
($)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dr. Steve N. Slilaty,
Chief Executive Officer and Director
 
2015
  -0- 
    
     
  50,000(1) 
  50,000 
 
 
2016
  1,000 
    
    
  164,600(2) 
  165,600 
 
 
2017
  155,641(4) 
     
     
  112,000(3) 
  267,641 
 
 
    
    
    
    
    
Camille Sebaaly,
Chief Financial Officer and Director
 
2015
  -0- 
    
    
  -0- 
  -0- 
 
 
2016
  4,597 
    
    
  164,600(2) 
  169,197
 
 
2017
  16,099 
    
    
  112,000(3) 
  128,099 
 
 
    
    
    
    
    
Abderrazzak Merzouki,
Chief Operating Officer and Director
 
2015
  -0- 
    
    
  -0- 
  -0- 
 
 
2016
  -0- 
    
    
  164,600(2) 
  164,600 
 
 
2017
  12,531 
    
    
  112,000(3) 
  124,531 
 
(1)
In consideration for services valued at $50,000, Dr. Slilaty was issued 500,000 shares of Series “B” Preferred Stock having 1,000 votes per share. The Series “B” Preferred Stock is non-convertible, non-redeemable, non-retractable and has a stated value of $0.10 per share. These shares of Series B Preferred Stock are restricted and may not be sold or transferred without prior written consent of the Board of Directors of the Company.
(2)
In 2016, each member of our Board of Directors was issued 26,000,000 and 12,000,000 shares of our Common Stock valued at $80,600 and 84,000, respectively. These Officers and Directors shares are restricted and may not be sold without prior written consent of the Board of Directors of the Company.
(3)
In 2017, each member of our Board of Directors was issued 14,000,000 shares of our Common Stock valued at $112,000. These Officers and Directors shares are restricted and may not be sold without prior written consent of the Board of Directors of the Company.
(4)
Includes $147,695 paid to Advanomics Corporation, a company controlled by our CEO.
 
Salaries are established by our Board of Directors.  We currently do not have a Compensation Committee but expect to have one in place in the future once we have independent directors.  We have not and do not expect to pay any other compensation to our current executive officers or directors until such time as we are able to secure adequate funding for our operations.
 
Employment Agreements
 
None of our executive officers is party to an employment agreement with us.
 
Stock Plan
 
We have not adopted any stock option or other employee plans as of the date of this Report.  We may adopt such plans in the future.
 
 
23
 
 
ITEM 12.    SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
 
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the ownership of Common Stock and Preferred Stock voting with the Common Stock as of the date of this Report by (i) each person known to us to own more than 5% of our outstanding Common Stock as of the date of this Report, (ii) each of our directors, (iii) each of our executive officers, and (iv) all of our directors and executive officers as a group.  Unless otherwise indicated, all shares are owned directly and the indicated person has sole voting and investment power. The information provided is based upon 945,292,259 Common Shares and 500,000 Series B Preferred Shares issued and outstanding as of the date of this Report.
 
Title of Class
 
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner
 
Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership
 
Percent of Common Class
 
Percent of Voting Shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common
 
Series B Preferred
 
Dr. Steve N. Slilaty(1)
579 rue Lajeunesse
Laval, Quebec
Canada H7X 3K4
 
 
267,398,597(2)
 
500,000,000(3)
 
28.2%
 
0%
 
18.5%
 
34.5%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common
 
Dr. Abderrazzak Merrzouki(1)
731 Place de l’Eeau Vive
Laval, Quebec
Canada H7Y 2E1
 
53,467,000   
 
5.6%
 
3.4%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common
 
Camille Sebally(1)
14464 Gouin West, #B
Montreal, Quebec
Canada H9H 1B1
 
181,703,300(4)
 
19.2%
 
12.6%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common
 
Dr. Nabil Dabar
150 Cote Vertu, Suite 200
Montreal, Quebec
Canada H4N 1C6
 
49,219,661  
 
5.2%
 
3.4%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common
 
All Officers and Directors
As Group (3 persons)
 
502,568,897  
 
53.0%
 
69.2%
 
(1)      
Officer and Director.
(2) 
Includes 215,014,224 shares held in the name of Advanomics Corporation. Dr. Slilaty is an officer, director and principal shareholder of Advanomics Corporation and, as a result, controls the disposition of these shares.
(3) 
Comprised of 500,000 shares of $0.10 par value Series “B” Preferred Stock having 1,000 votes per share. The Series “B” Preferred Stock is non-convertible, non-redeemable, non-retractable and has a superior liquidation value of $0.10 per share. See “PART II, Item 13 – Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions and Director Independence.”
(4) 
Includes 129,488,927 shares held in the name of 4019318 Canada, Inc. Mr. Sebaaly is the sole officer and director of this company and, as a result, controls the disposition of these shares.
 
 
24
 
 
ITEM 13.     CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
 
Related Party Transactions
 
On November 27, 2014, we issued a note payable in the principal amount of $128,000 to an individual who subsequently became a principal shareholder. The note accrues interest at 10% per annum and was convertible into shares of our Common Stock at a price of $0.20 per share. On June 30, 2015, we renewed this note with the addition of accrued interest of $7,540 and an origination fee of $25,600. The new Note had a face value of $161,140 and accrued interest at 12% per annum. The new note was due December 31, 2015, and was convertible any time from the date of issuance into shares of our Common Stock at a 35% discount from market price. On December 31, 2015, we again renewed this note with the addition of accrued interest amounting to $9,668 and an origination fee of $32,228. The new note now has a face value of $203,036 and accrues interest at 12% per annum. The new note was due June 30, 2016 and was convertible anytime from the date of issuance into shares of our Common Stock at a 35% discount from market price. In January 2016, $38,036 of the principal was converted, leaving a principal balance of $165,000. In connection therewith, 7,705,186 shares of our Common Stock, valued $231,156 were issued generating a loss on conversion of $193,120. On June 30, 2016, we renewed this note again with the addition of accrued interest amounting to $9,852. The renewed note had a face value of $174,852 and accrues interest at 12% per annum. It was due on March 31, 2017. In October 2016, $74,852 of the principal amount was converted, leaving a principal balance of $100,000. On March 31, 2017, the note’s principal balance of $100,000 plus accrued interest of $11,715 was renewed for a period of 90 days under the same terms and conditions as the previous note. The new note now had a face value of $111,715 and matured on June 30, 2017. On June 30, 2017, the note’s principal balance of $111,715 plus accrued interest of $3,342 was renewed for a period of 90 days under the same terms and conditions as its predecessor. The new note had a face value of $115,057 and matured on September 30, 2017. On September 30, 2017, the note’s principal balance of $115.057 plus accrued interest of $3,480 was renewed for a period of 90 days under the same terms and conditions as the previous note. The new note had a principal balance of $118,537 and matured on December 31, 2017. On December 31, 2017 the note was renewed for a 12-month period under the same terms and conditions as the prior note. The new note has a face value of $122,093 and matures on December 31, 2018.
 
In December 2016, we received monies from our CEO in exchange for a note payable having a principal amount of $90,000 Canadian ($67,032 US) with interest at 12%. The note was convertible any time after the date of issuance into shares of our Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. In addition, the note was collateralized by all our assets. On March 31, 2017, the note, together with all accrued interest thereon and an additional principal amount of $3,000 Canadian paid to us in March 2017, was renewed for a 90-day period under the same terms and conditions as the original note. The new note now having a face value of $96,021 Canadian ($72,198 US) was due on June 30, 2017. On June 30, 2017, the note, together with accrued interest of $2,873 Canadian ($2,005 US), was renewed for a 90-day period under the same terms and conditions as the original note except that the new note is nonconvertible. The new note now having a face value of $98,894 Canadian ($76,072US) was due on September 30, 2017. On September 30, 2017, the note, together with accrued interest of $2,991 Canadian ($2,397 US), was renewed for a 90-day period under the same terms and conditions as its predecessor. The new note now having a principal balance of $101,885 Canadian ($81,640 US) matured on December 31, 2017. On December 31, 2017 the note was renewed for a 12-month period under the same terms and conditions as before except that this new note is unsecured and now non-convertible. The new note has a face value of $104,942 Canadian ($83,649 US) and matures on December 31, 2018.
 
On October 8, 2015, we acquired U.S. Patent Number 8,236,935 (the “US Patent”) for the anticancer compound, Adva-27a from a related entity (Advanomics Corporation), which includes all rights to this intellectual property within the United States, in exchange for an interest-free note payable for $4,320,000 (the “October Patent Purchase Agreement”).  On December 28, 2015, we acquired the remaining worldwide issued and pending patents under PCT/FR2007/000697 and PCT/CA2014/000029 (the “Worldwide Patents”) for the Adva-27a anticancer compound from the same related entity (Advanomics Corporation) in exchange for a note payable for $12,822,499 (the “December Patent Purchase Agreement”). We believe that purchase of the US Patent and the Worldwide Patents (the “Patents”) would facilitate our ability to obtain the funding necessary to complete the development and FDA approval process for Adva-27a. In related party transactions, purchased patents are required to be recorded at the purchase price or the book value on the seller’s financial statements, whichever is lower. Effective December 28, 2015, the parties agreed to amend the October Patent Purchase Agreement and the December Patent Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment agreements (the “Amendments”), the Patents were purchased from the related party, Advanomics Corporation, at Advanomics’ cost less the amortization through December 28, 2015, the effective date of the transfer. The Amendments amended the purchase price of the Patents to $835,394, eliminated all cash payments obligations and replaced the non-convertible notes totaling $17,142,499 with two (2) convertible notes totaling $835,394 that automatically convert into an aggregate of 321,305,415 shares of our Common Stock when we successfully amend our Articles of Incorporation to increase our authorized capital of Common Stock to 3 billion. In July 2016, having completed the increase of our authorized capital to 3 billion shares of Common Stock, we issued the 321,305,415 Common Shares to Advanomics thereby completing all aspects of the patent purchase arrangements and securing direct ownership of all worldwide patents and rights pertaining to Adva-27a.
 
 
25
 
 
In 2016 and 2017 our principal place of business was located at 469 Jean-Talon West, 3rd Floor, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3N 1R4.  This was also the location of our former licensor, Advanomics Corporation, who provided this space to us on a rent free basis..  Dr. Steve N. Slilaty, our Chief Executive Officer and a Director, is an Officer, Director and principal shareholder of Advanomics.  Starting January 1, 2017 we took over the lease from Advanomics until we moved to our current location on June 1, 2017.
 
In February and April 2016, we paid $30,000 and $50,487 to Advanomics for the balance of 2015 licensing fees.
 
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, Advanomics Corporation paid on our behalf $13,725 Canadian in patenting fees. Advanomics was fully reimbursed by us in January 2017.
 
During the fiscal ended December 31, 2017, we issued to our Board of Directors 42,000,000 shares of par value $0.001 Common Stock valued at $336,000 or $0.008 per share. During the same period, our Directors and Officers were paid $184,271 in cash. Of this amount, $147,695 was paid to Advanomics Corporation, a company controlled by our CEO.
 
During the period ended December 31, 2016, we issued 78,000,000 shares of par value $0.001 Common Stock to our Directors and Officers valued at $241,800 or $0.0031 per share. We also issued to the Board of Directors 36,000,000 shares of $0.001Common Stock valued at $252,000 or $0.0078 per share. In addition, we paid or Directors and Officers $5,597 in cash.
 
Certain members of our management, including Dr. Steve N. Slilaty, our President, CEO and a Director and Camille Sebaaly, our Secretary, CFO and a Director, hold similar positions with Advanomics.
 
There are no other related party transactions that are required to be disclosed pursuant to Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
 
Director Independence
 
None of our current directors are deemed “independent” pursuant to SEC rules.  We anticipate appointing independent directors in the foreseeable future.
 
ITEM 14.    PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.
 
Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms
 
The following table presents fees for professional audit services rendered by B F Borgers CPA PC, our independent auditors, during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:
  
 
 
December 31,
2017
 
 
December 31,
2016
 
Audit Fees
 $21.600 
 $21,600 
 
    
    
Tax Fees
    
    
All Other Fees
    
    
Total
 $21,600 
 $21,600 
 
Audit Fees. Consist of amounts billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements included in our Annual Reports on Forms 10-K for our fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2014 and reviews of our interim financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.
 
Tax Fees.  Consists of amounts billed for professional services rendered for tax return preparation, tax planning and tax advice.
 
All Other Fees.  Consists of amounts billed for services other than those noted above.
 
We do not have an audit committee and as a result our entire board of directors performs the duties of an audit committee.  Our board of directors evaluates the scope and cost of the engagement of an auditor before the auditor renders audit and non-audit services.
  
 
26
 
 
PART IV
 
ITEM 15.    EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
 
The following exhibits are included herewith:
 
Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
List of Subsidiaries
 
 
 
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
 
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
 
101.INS
XBRL Instances Document
 
 
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
 
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
 
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
 
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
Following are a list of exhibits which we previously filed in other reports which we filed with the SEC, including the Exhibit No., description of the exhibit and the identity of the Report where the exhibit was filed.
 
No.
 
Description
 
Filed With
 
Date
 
Articles of Incorporation
 
Form SB-2 Registration Statement
 
October 19, 2007
 
Bylaws
 
Form SB-2 Registration Statement
 
October 19, 2007
 
Articles of Amendment (Name Change)
 
Form 8-K Dated November 2, 2009
 
November 6, 2009
 
Statement of Share and Equity Capital Exchange
 
Form 10-Q For Quarter Ended 06/30/10
 
August 4, 2010
 
Articles of Amendment (Add Preferred and Series A Preferred to Authorized)
 
Form 10-Q For Quarter Ended 06/30/10
 
August 4, 2010
 
Share Exchange Agreement with Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.
 
Form 8-K Dated October 15, 2009
 
October 20, 2009
 
License Agreement with Advanomics, Inc.
 
Form 8-K/A1 Dated October 15, 2009
 
January 19, 2010
 
Amendment No. 1 to License Agreement with Advanomics, Inc.
 
Form 8-K/A1 Dated October 15, 2009
 
January 19, 2010
 
Research Agreement with The Research Foundation of the State University of New York
 
Form 8-K Dated January 17, 2011
 
January 19, 2011
 
Research Agreement with Jewish General Hospital
 
Form 8-K Dated June 14, 2011
 
June 17, 2011
 
Amendment No. 2 to License Agreement with Advanomics
 
Form 8-K Dated December 21, 2011
 
December 27, 2011
 
Investment Agreement with Dutchess Investment Group II
 
Form 8-K dated April 28, 2014
 
April 28, 2014
 
Registration Rights Agreement with Dutchess Investment Group II
 
 
 
Patent Purchase Agreement with Advanomics Corporation
 
Form 8-K dated October 8, 2016
 
October 9, 2016
 
Second Patent Purchase Agreement with Advanomics Corporation
 
Form 8-K dated December 28, 2015
 
December 28, 2015
 
Amendment No. 1 to Patent Purchase Agreement with Advanomics Corporation dated October 8, 2016, including Secured Convertible Promissory Note.
 
Form 8-K dated March 14, 2016
 
March 14, 2016
 
Amendment No. 1 to Patent Purchase Agreement with Advanomics Corporation dated December 28, 2016, including Secured Convertible Promissory Note
 
Form 8-K dated March 14, 2016
 
March 14, 2016
 
 
27
 
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Annual Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunder duly authorized.
 
 
SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA, INC.
 
 
 
 
 
Dated: April 2, 2018
By:
/s/ Dr. Steve N. Slilaty
 
 
 
Dr. Steve N. Slilaty, Principal Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Camille Sebaaly
 
 
 
Camille Sebaaly, Principal Financial and Accounting Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
In accordance with the Exchange Act, this Annual Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on April 2, 2018.
 
s/ Dr. Steve N. Slilaty
Dr. Steve N. Slilaty, Director
 
s/ Camille Sebaaly
Camille Sebaaly, Director
 
s/ Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki
Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki, Director
 
 
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