RITCHIE BROS AUCTIONEERS INC - FORM 10-Q

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EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - RITCHIE BROS AUCTIONEERS INC	tv478965_ex31-1.htm
EX-32.2 - EXHIBIT 32.2 - RITCHIE BROS AUCTIONEERS INC	tv478965_ex32-2.htm
EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - RITCHIE BROS AUCTIONEERS INC	tv478965_ex32-1.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - RITCHIE BROS AUCTIONEERS INC	tv478965_ex31-2.htm

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x		QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017

OR

¨		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission file number: 001-13425

Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Canada		N/A
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

9500 Glenlyon Parkway
Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada		V5J 0C6
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

(778) 331-5500

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer x

Accelerated filer ¨

Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Smaller reporting company ¨

Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):

Yes ¨ No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practical date: 107,184,927 common shares, without par value, outstanding as of November 7, 2017.

RITCHIE BROS. AUCTIONEERS INCORPORATED

FORM 10-Q

For the quarter ended September 30, 2017

INDEX

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements		1

	PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1:	Consolidated Financial Statements	3
ITEM 2:	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	48
ITEM 3:	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	92
ITEM 4:	Controls and Procedures	92

	PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1:	Legal Proceedings	94
ITEM 1A:	Risk Factors	94
ITEM 2:	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	94
ITEM 5:	Other Information	95
ITEM 6:	Exhibits	96

	SIGNATURES

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

The information discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated (“Ritchie Bros.”, the “Company”, “we” or “us”) includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Canadian securities laws. These statements are based on our current expectations and estimates about our business and markets, and include, among others, statements relating to:

our future strategy, objectives, targets, projections, performance, and key enablers;

our ability to drive shareholder value;

market opportunities;

our internet initiatives and the level of participation in our auctions by internet bidders, and the success of IronPlanet, EquipmentOne, Marketplace^e, and our other online marketplaces;

our ability to grow our businesses, acquire new customers, enhance our sector reach, drive geographic depth, and scale our operations;

the impact of our initiatives, services, investments, and acquisitions on us and our customers;

the acquisition or disposition of properties;

our ability to integrate our acquisitions;

our ability to add new business and information solutions, including, among others, our ability to maximize and integrate technology to enhance our existing services and support additional value-added service offerings;

the supply trend of equipment in the market and the anticipated price environment for late model equipment, as well as the resulting effect on our business and Gross Transaction Value (“GTV”) (defined under “Part I, Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q);

fluctuations in our quarterly revenues and operating performance resulting from the seasonality of our business;

our compliance with all laws, rules, regulations, and requirements that affect our business;

effects of various economic, financial, industry, and market conditions or policies, including the supply and demand for property, equipment, or natural resources;

the behavior of oil and gas equipment pricing;

the relative percentage of GTV represented by straight commission or underwritten (guarantee and inventory) contracts, and its impact on revenues and profitability;

our Revenue Rates (described under “Part I, Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q), the sustainability of those rates, and the seasonality of GTV and revenues;

our future capital expenditures and returns on those expenditures;

the effect of any currency exchange and interest rate fluctuations on our results of operations;

the grant and satisfaction of equity awards pursuant to our compensation plans;

any future declaration and payment of dividends, including the tax treatment of any such dividends;

financing available to us, our ability to refinance borrowings, and the sufficiency of our working capital to meet our financial needs; and

our ability to satisfy our present operating requirements and fund future growth through existing working capital and credit facilities.

Ritchie Bros.

Forward-looking statements are typically identified by such words as “aim”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “could”, “continue”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “may”, “ongoing”, “plan”, “potential”, “predict”, “will”, “should”, “would”, “could”, “likely”, “generally”, “future”, “period to period”, “long-term”, or the negative of these terms, and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict.

While we have not described all potential risks related to our business and owning our common shares, the important factors discussed in “Part II, Item 1A: Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in “Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, which is available on our website at www.rbauction.com, on EDGAR at www.sec.gov, or on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, are among those that we consider may affect our performance materially or could cause our actual financial and operational results to differ significantly from our expectations. Except as required by applicable securities law and regulations of relevant securities exchanges, we do not intend to update publicly any forward-looking statements, even if our expectations have been affected by new information, future events or other developments. You should consider our forward-looking statements in light of the factors listed or referenced under “Risk Factors” herein and other relevant factors.

Ritchie Bros.

PART I

ITEM 1:

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Condensed Consolidated Income Statements

(Expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended						Nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Revenues (note 6)	$	141,047		$	128,876		$	431,732		$	419,626
Costs of services, excluding depreciation and amortization (note 7)		19,583			14,750			53,987			49,821
		121,464			114,126			377,745			369,805
Selling, general and administrative expenses (note 7)		85,335			68,293			230,287			209,395
Acquisition-related costs (note 7)		3,587			5,398			35,162			7,198
Depreciation and amortization expenses (note 7)		14,837			10,196			37,047			30,560
Gain on disposition of property, plant and equipment		(42	)		(570	)		(1,071	)		(1,017	)
Impairment loss (note 7)		-			28,243			8,911			28,243
Foreign exchange loss (gain)		816			281			(7	)		332

Operating income		16,931			2,285			67,416			95,094

Other income (expense):
Interest income		517			369			2,459			1,354
Interest expense		(10,558	)		(934	)		(27,311	)		(3,357	)
Equity income (loss) (note 17)		(109	)		213			(158	)		1,209
Other, net		184			247			4,045			1,214
		(9,966	)		(105	)		(20,965	)		420

Income before income taxes		6,965			2,180			46,451			95,514

Income tax expense (recovery) (note 8):
Current		1,402			9,652			17,565			35,767
Deferred		(4,760	)		(2,472	)		(9,583	)		(5,838	)
		(3,358	)		7,180			7,982			29,929

Net income (loss)	$	10,323		$	(5,000	)	$	38,469		$	65,585

Net income (loss) attributable to:
Stockholders	$	10,261		$	(5,137	)	$	38,273		$	63,979
Non-controlling interests		62			137			196			1,606
	$	10,323		$	(5,000	)	$	38,469		$	65,585

Earnings (loss) per share attributable to stockholders (note 9):
Basic	$	0.10		$	(0.05	)	$	0.36		$	0.60
Diluted	$	0.09		$	(0.05	)	$	0.35		$	0.60

Weighted average number of shares outstanding (note 9):
Basic		107,120,618			106,622,376			106,993,358			106,595,088
Diluted		108,178,303			107,525,051			108,069,624			107,221,390

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Ritchie Bros.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Expressed in thousands of United States dollars)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended					Nine months ended
	September 30,					September 30,
	2017		2016			2017		2016

Net income (loss)	$	10,323	$	(5,000	)	$	38,469	$	65,585
Other comprehensive income, net of income tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		6,009		590			22,822		7,990

Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	16,332	$	(4,410	)	$	61,291	$	73,575

Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to:
Stockholders		16,256		(4,550	)		61,045		71,798
Non-controlling interests		76		140			246		1,777
	$	16,332	$	(4,410	)	$	61,291	$	73,575

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Ritchie Bros.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except share data)

(Unaudited)

	September 30,			December 31,
	2017			2016
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	224,474		$	207,867
Restricted cash (note 10)		89,846			50,222
Trade and other receivables		212,330			52,979
Inventory (note 12)		46,333			28,491
Advances against auction contracts		9,983			5,621
Prepaid expenses and deposits		16,422			19,005
Assets held for sale (note 13)		654			632
Income taxes receivable		21,413			13,181
		621,455			377,998
Property, plant and equipment (note 14)		530,495			515,030
Equity-accounted investments (note 17)		7,287			7,326
Restricted cash (note 10)		-			500,000
Deferred debt issue costs (note 18)		4,054			6,182
Other non-current assets		7,198			4,027
Intangible assets (note 15)		261,122			72,304
Goodwill (note 16)		669,646			97,537
Deferred tax assets		28,607			19,129
	$	2,129,864		$	1,599,533
Liabilities and Equity
Current liabilities:
Auction proceeds payable	$	360,517		$	98,873
Trade and other payables		132,045			124,694
Income taxes payable		1,277			5,355
Short-term debt (note 18)		8,567			23,912
Current portion of long-term debt (note 18)		16,985			-
		519,391			252,834
Long-term debt (note 18)		800,900			595,706
Share unit liabilities		2,444			4,243
Other non-current liabilities		18,118			14,583
Deferred tax liabilities		62,068			36,387
		1,402,921			903,753
Contingencies (note 21)
Contingently redeemable performance share units (note 20)		7,230			3,950
Stockholders' equity (note 19):
Share capital:
Common stock; no par value, unlimited shares authorized, issued and outstanding shares: 107,180,726 (December 31, 2016: 106,822,001)		135,919			125,474
Additional paid-in capital		38,907			27,638
Retained earnings		584,263			601,071
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(44,354	)		(67,126	)
Stockholders' equity		714,735			687,057
Non-controlling interest		4,978			4,773
		719,713			691,830
	$	2,129,864		$	1,599,533

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Ritchie Bros.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

(Expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

	Attributable to stockholders																			Contingently
					Additional						Accumulated			Non-						redeemable
	Common stock				paid-In						other			controlling						performance
	Number of				capital			Retained			comprehensive			interest			Total			share units
	shares		Amount		("APIC")			earnings			income (loss)			("NCI")			equity			("PSUs")
Balance, December 31, 2016		106,822,001	$	125,474	$	27,638		$	601,071		$	(67,126	)	$	4,773		$	691,830		$	3,950
Net income		-		-		-			38,273			-			196			38,469			-
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-			-			22,772			50			22,822			-
		-		-		-			38,273			22,772			246			61,291			-
Stock option exercises		355,514		10,354		(2,420	)		-			-			-			7,934			-
Stock option compensation expense (note 20)		-		-		10,996			-			-			-			10,996			-
Assumption of stock options on acquisition of IronPlanet (note 22)		-		-		2,330			-			-			-			2,330			-
Settlement of equity-classified PSUs		3,211		91														91			(172	)
Modification of PSUs (note 20)		-		-		-			(382	)		-			-			(382	)		1,803
Equity-classified PSU expense (note 20)		-		-		340			-			-			-			340			1,531
Equity-classified PSU dividend equivalents		-		-		23			(126	)		-			-			(103	)		103
Change in value of contingently redeemable equity-classified PSUs		-		-		-			(15	)		-			-			(15	)		15
Cash dividends paid (note 19)		-		-		-			(54,558	)		-			(41	)		(54,599	)		-
Balance, September 30, 2017		107,180,726	$	135,919	$	38,907		$	584,263		$	(44,354	)	$	4,978		$	719,713		$	7,230

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Ritchie Bros.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Expressed in thousands of United States dollars)

(Unaudited)

Nine months ended September 30,	2017			2016
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities:
Net income	$	38,469		$	65,585
Adjustments for items not affecting cash:
Depreciation and amortization expenses (note 7)		37,047			30,560
Inventory write down (note 12)		778			2,284
Impairment loss (note 7)		8,911			28,243
Stock option compensation expense (note 20)		10,996			4,025
Equity-classified PSU expense (note 20)		1,871			1,222
Deferred income tax recovery		(9,583	)		(5,838	)
Equity loss (income) less dividends received		158			(1,209	)
Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss		(1,011	)		586
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		(2,194	)		-
Gain on disposition of property, plant and equipment		(1,071	)		(1,017	)
Debt issue cost amortization		2,058			-
Other, net		239			-
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities (note 10)		10,547			36,980
Net cash provided by operating activities		97,215			161,421
Investing activities:
Acquisition of IronPlanet, net of cash acquired (note 22)		(675,851	)		-
Acquisition of Mascus (note 22)		-			(28,123	)
Acquisition of Petrowsky (note 22)		-			(6,250	)
Acquisition of contingently redeemable NCI (note 23)		-			(41,092	)
Acquisition of NCI (note 22)		-			(226	)
Property, plant and equipment additions		(8,086	)		(12,600	)
Intangible asset additions		(20,482	)		(12,041	)
Proceeds on disposition of property, plant and equipment		3,487			3,259
Other, net		(667	)		(243	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(701,599	)		(97,316	)
Financing activities:
Issuances of share capital		7,934			20,702
Share repurchase (note 19)		-			(36,726	)
Dividends paid to stockholders (note 19)		(54,558	)		(52,303	)
Dividends paid to NCI		(41	)		(3,436	)
Proceeds from short-term debt		6,850			52,584
Repayment of short-term debt		(22,793	)		(28,641	)
Proceeds from long-term debt		325,000			46,572
Repayment of long-term debt		(104,729	)		(46,568	)
Debt issue costs		(12,624	)		(844	)
Repayment of finance lease obligations		(1,565	)		(1,282	)
Other, net		(129	)		332
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		143,345			(49,610	)
Effect of changes in foreign currency rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		17,270			6,656
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash:
Increase (decrease)		(443,769	)		21,151
Beginning of period		758,089			293,246
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period (note 10)	$	314,320			314,397

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

1. General information

Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”) provide global asset management and disposition services, offering customers end-to-end solutions for buying and selling used industrial equipment and other durable assets through its unreserved auctions, online marketplaces, listing services, and private brokerage services. Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated is a company incorporated in Canada under the Canada Business Corporations Act, whose shares are publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) and the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”).

2. Significant accounting policies

(a) Basis of preparation

These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”). They include the accounts of Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated and its subsidiaries from their respective dates of formation or acquisition. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Certain information and footnote disclosure required by US GAAP for complete annual financial statements have been omitted and, therefore, these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the opinion of management, these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary to present fairly, in all material respects, the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows and changes in equity for the interim periods presented. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

(b) Revenue recognition

Revenues are comprised of:

commissions earned at the Company’s auctions through the Company acting as an agent for consignors of equipment and other assets, as well as commissions on online marketplace sales, and

fees earned in the process of conducting auctions, including online marketplace listing and inspection fees, fees from value-added services and make-ready activities, as well as fees paid by buyers on online marketplace sales.

The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. For auction or online marketplace sales, revenue is recognized when the auction or online marketplace sale is complete and the Company has determined that the sale proceeds are collectible. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable and is shown net of value-added tax and duties.

Commissions from sales at the Company’s auctions represent the percentage earned by the Company on the gross auction proceeds from equipment and other assets sold at auction. The majority of the Company’s commissions are earned as a pre-negotiated fixed rate of the gross selling price. Other commissions from sales at the Company’s auctions are earned from underwritten commission contracts, when the Company guarantees a certain level of proceeds to a consignor or purchases inventory to be sold at auction. Commissions also include those earned on online marketplace sales.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

(b) Revenue recognition (continued)

Commission and fee revenues from sales at auction

The Company accepts equipment and other assets on consignment or takes title for a short period of time prior to auction, stimulates buyer interest through professional marketing techniques, and matches sellers (also known as consignors) to buyers through the auction or private sale process.

In its role as auctioneer, the Company matches buyers to sellers of equipment on consignment, as well as to inventory held by the Company, through the auction process. Following the auction, the Company invoices the buyer for the purchase price of the property, collects payment from the buyer, and where applicable, remits to the consignor the net sale proceeds after deducting its commissions, expenses, and applicable taxes. Commissions are calculated as a percentage of the hammer price of the property sold at auction. Fees earned in the process of conducting the Company’s auctions include administrative, documentation, and advertising fees.

On the fall of the auctioneer’s hammer, the highest bidder becomes legally obligated to pay the full purchase price, which is the hammer price of the property purchased and the seller is legally obligated to relinquish the property in exchange for the hammer price less any seller’s commissions. Commission and fee revenue is recognized on the date of the auction sale upon the fall of the auctioneer’s hammer, which is the point in time when the Company has substantially accomplished what it must do to be entitled to the benefits represented by the revenues. Subsequent to the date of the auction sale, the Company’s remaining obligations for its auction services relate only to the collection of the purchase price from the buyer and the remittance of the net sale proceeds to the seller. These remaining service obligations are not an essential part of the auction services provided by the Company.

Under the standard terms and conditions of its auction sales, the Company is not obligated to pay a consignor for property that has not been paid for by the buyer, provided the property has not been released to the buyer. In the rare event where a buyer refuses to take title of the property, the sale is cancelled in the period in which the determination is made, and the property is returned to the consignor or placed in a later auction. Historically, cancelled sales have not been material in relation to the aggregate hammer price of property sold at auction.

Commission revenues are recorded net of commissions owed to third parties, which are principally the result of situations when the commission is shared with a consignor or with the counterparty in an auction guarantee risk and reward sharing arrangement. Additionally, in certain situations, commissions are shared with third parties who introduce the Company to consignors who sell property at auction.

Underwritten commission contracts can take the form of guarantee or inventory contracts. Guarantee contracts typically include a pre-negotiated percentage of the guaranteed gross proceeds plus a percentage of proceeds in excess of the guaranteed amount. If actual auction proceeds are less than the guaranteed amount, commission is reduced; if proceeds are sufficiently lower, the Company can incur a loss on the sale. Losses, if any, resulting from guarantee contracts are recorded in the period in which the relevant auction is completed. If a loss relating to a guarantee contract held at the period end to be sold after the period end is known or is probable and estimable at the financial statement reporting date, the loss is accrued in the financial statements for that period. The Company’s exposure from these guarantee contracts fluctuates over time (note 21).

Revenues related to inventory contracts are recognized in the period in which the sale is completed, title to the property passes to the purchaser and the Company has fulfilled any other obligations that may be relevant to the transaction, including, but not limited to, delivery of the property. Revenue from inventory sales is presented net of costs within revenues on the consolidated income statement, as the Company takes title only for a short period of time and the risks and rewards of ownership are not substantially different than the Company’s other underwritten commission contracts.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

(b) Revenue recognition (continued)

Commissions and fees on online marketplace sales

Through its online marketplaces, the Company typically sells equipment or other assets on consignment from sellers and stimulates buyer interest through sales and marketing techniques in order to match online marketplace sellers with buyers. Prior to offering an item for sale on its online marketplaces, the Company performs required inspections, title and lien searches, and make-ready activities to prepare the item for sale.

Online marketplace revenues are primarily driven by seller commissions, fees charged to sellers for listing and inspecting equipment, and amounts paid by buyers, including buyer transaction fees and buyer’s premiums. The Company also generates revenue from related online marketplace services including make-ready activities, logistics coordination, storage, private auction hosting, and asset appraisals. Online marketplace sale commission and fee revenues are recognized when the sale is complete, which is generally at the conclusion of the marketplace transaction between the seller and buyer. This occurs when a buyer has become legally obligated to pay the purchase price and buyer transaction fee for an asset that the seller is obligated to relinquish in exchange for the sales price less seller commissions and listing fees. At that time, the Company has substantially performed what it must do to be entitled to receive the benefits represented by its commissions and fees.

Following the sale of the item, the Company invoices the buyer for the purchase price of the asset, taxes, and the buyer transaction fee or buyer’s premium, collects payment from the buyer, and remits the proceeds – net of the seller commissions, listing fees, and applicable taxes – to the seller. The Company notifies the seller when the buyer payment has been received in order to clear release of the equipment or other asset to the seller. These remaining service obligations are not viewed to be an essential part of the services provided by the Company.

Under the Company’s standard terms and conditions, it is not obligated to pay the seller for items in an online marketplace sale in which the buyer has not paid for the purchased item. If the buyer defaults on its payment obligation, the equipment or other assets may be returned to the seller or moved into a subsequent online marketplace event.

Online marketplace commission revenue is reduced by a provision for disputes, which is an estimate of disputed items that are expected to be settled at a cost to the Company. This provision is related to settlement of discrepancies under the Company’s equipment condition certification program. The equipment condition certification refers to a written inspection report provided to potential buyers that reflects the condition of a specific piece of equipment offered for sale, and includes ratings, comments, and photographs of the equipment following inspection by one of the Company’s equipment inspectors. The equipment condition certification provides that a buyer may file a written dispute claim during an eligible dispute period for consideration and resolution at the sole determination of the Company if the purchased equipment is not substantially in the condition represented in the inspection report. Typically disputes under the equipment condition certification program are settled with minor repairs or additional services, such as washing or detailing the item; the estimated costs of such items or services are included in the provision for disputes.

For guarantee contracts, if actual online marketplace sale proceeds are less than the guaranteed amount, the commission earned is reduced; if proceeds are sufficiently lower, the Company may incur a loss on the sale. If such consigned equipment sells above the minimum price, the Company may be entitled to a share of the excess proceeds as negotiated with the seller. The Company’s share of the excess, if any, is recorded in revenue together with the related online marketplace sale commission. Losses, if any, resulting from guarantee contracts are recorded in revenue in the period in which the relevant online marketplace sale was completed. If a loss relating to a guarantee contract held at the period end to be sold after the period end is known or is probable and estimable at the financial statement reporting date, the loss is accrued in the financial statements for that period. The Company’s exposure from these guarantee contracts fluctuates over time (note 21).

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

(b) Revenue recognition (continued)

Commissions and fees on online marketplace sales (continued)

For inventory contracts related to online marketplace sales, revenue from the sale of inventory through the Company’s online marketplaces are recorded net of acquisition costs because the acquisition of equipment in advance of an online marketplace sale is an ancillary component of the Company’s business and, in general, the risks and rewards of ownership are not substantially different than the Company’s other guarantee contracts. Since the online marketplace sale business is a net business, gross sales proceeds are not reported as revenue in the consolidated income statement. Rather, the net commission earned from online marketplace sales is reported as revenue, which reflects the Company’s agency relationship between buyers and sellers of equipment.

Other fees

Fees from value-added services include financing, appraisal, and technology service fees. Fees are recognized in the period in which the service is provided to the customer.

(c) Costs of services, excluding depreciation and amortization expenses

Costs of services incurred to earn online marketplace revenues include inspection costs, facilities costs, inventory management, referral, sampling, and appraisal fees. Inspections are generally performed at the seller’s physical location. The cost of inspections include payroll costs and related benefits for the Company’s employees that perform and manage field inspection services, the related inspection report preparation and quality assurance costs, fees paid to contractors who perform field inspections, related travel and incidental costs for the Company’s inspection service organization, and office and occupancy costs for its inspection services personnel. Costs of earning online marketplace revenues also include costs for the Company’s customer support, online marketplace operations, logistics, title and lien investigation functions, and lease and operations costs related to the Company’s third-party data centers at which its websites are hosted.

Costs of services incurred in earning other fee revenues include direct labour (including commissions on sales), software maintenance fees, and materials. Costs of services exclude depreciation and amortization expenses.

(d) Share-based payments

The Company classifies a share-based payment award as an equity or liability payment based on the substantive terms of the award and any related arrangement.

Equity-classified share-based payments

The Company has three stock option compensation plans that provide for the award of stock options to selected employees, directors and officers of the Company. The cost of options granted is measured at the fair value of the underlying option at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company also has a senior executive PSU plan that provides for the award of PSUs to selected senior executives of the Company. The Company has the option to settle certain share unit awards in cash or shares and expects to settle them in shares. The cost of PSUs granted is measured at the fair value of the underlying PSUs at the grant date using a binomial model.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

Significant accounting policies (continued)

(d) Share-based payments (continued)

Equity-classified share-based payments (continued)

This fair value of awards expected to vest under these plans is expensed over the respective remaining service period of the individual awards, on an accelerated recognition basis, with the corresponding increase to APIC recorded in equity. At the end of each reporting period, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognized in earnings, such that the consolidated expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to equity.

Any consideration paid on exercise of the stock options is credited to the common shares. Dividend equivalents on the equity-classified PSUs are recognized as a reduction to retained earnings over the service period.

PSUs awarded under the senior executive and employee PSU plans (described in note 20) are contingently redeemable in cash in the event of death of the participant. The contingently redeemable portion of the senior executive PSU awards, which represents the amount that would be redeemable based on the conditions at the date of grant, to the extent attributable to prior service, is recognized as temporary equity. The balance reported in temporary equity increases on the same basis as the related compensation expense over the service period of the award, with any excess of the temporary equity value over the amount recognized in compensation expense charged against retained earnings. In the event it becomes probable an award is going to become eligible for redemption by the holder, the award would be reclassified to a liability award.

Liability-classified share-based payments

The Company maintains other share unit compensation plans that vest over a period of up to five years after grant. Under those plans, the Company is either required or expects to settle vested awards on a cash basis or by providing cash to acquire shares on the open market on the employee’s behalf, where the settlement amount is determined using the volume weighted average price of the Company’s common shares for the twenty days prior to the vesting date or, in the case of deferred share unit (“DSU”) recipients, following cessation of service on the Board of Directors.

These awards are classified as liability awards, measured at fair value at the date of grant and re-measured at fair value at each reporting date up to and including the settlement date. The determination of the fair value of the share units under these plans is described in note 20. The fair value of the awards is expensed over the respective vesting period of the individual awards with recognition of a corresponding liability. Changes in fair value after vesting are recognized through compensation expense. Compensation expense reflects estimates of the number of instruments expected to vest.

The impact of forfeitures and fair value revisions, if any, are recognized in earnings such that the cumulative expense reflects the revisions, with a corresponding adjustment to the settlement liability. Liability-classified share unit liabilities due within 12 months of the reporting date are presented in trade and other payables while settlements due beyond 12 months of the reporting date are presented in non-current liabilities.

(e) Restricted cash

In certain jurisdictions, local laws require the Company to hold cash in segregated bank accounts, which are used to settle auction proceeds payable resulting from auctions and online marketplace sales conducted in those regions. In addition, the Company also holds cash generated from its EquipmentOne online marketplace sales in separate escrow accounts, for settlement of the respective online marketplace transactions as a part of its secured escrow service. Restricted cash balances also include funds held in accounts owned by the Company in support of short-term stand-by letters of credit to provide seller security.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

Significant accounting policies (continued)

(e) Restricted cash (continued)

During the period from December 21, 2016 through May 31, 2017, non-current restricted cash consisted of funds held in escrow pursuant to the offering of senior unsecured notes (note 18), which were only available when the Company received approval to acquire IronPlanet Holdings, Inc. (“IronPlanet”) and whose use was restricted to the funding of the IronPlanet acquisition (note 22).

(f) Inventories

Inventory consists of equipment and other assets purchased for resale in an upcoming Company auction or online marketplace event. Inventory is valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value where net realizable value represents the expected sale price upon disposition less make-ready costs and the costs of disposal and transportation. The significant elements of cost include the acquisition price of the inventory and make-ready costs to prepare the inventory for sale that are not selling expenses. The specific identification method is used to determine amounts removed from inventory. Write-downs to the carrying value of inventory are recorded in revenue in the consolidated income statement.

(g) Intangible assets

Intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes all expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition or development of the asset, net of any amounts received in relation to those assets, including scientific research and experimental development tax credits. Costs of internally developed software are amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated economic life of the software product. Costs related to software incurred prior to establishing technological feasibility or the beginning of the application development stage of software are charged to operations as such costs are incurred. Once technological feasibility is established or the application development stage has begun, directly attributable costs are capitalized until the software is available for use.

Amortization is recognized in net earnings on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible assets from the date that they are available for use. The estimated useful lives are:

Asset	Basis	Rate / term
Trade names and trademarks	Straight-line	3 - 15 years or indefinite-lived
Customer relationships	Straight-line	6 - 20 years
Software assets	Straight-line	3 - 7 years

Customer relationships includes relationships with buyers and sellers.

(h) Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired enterprise over the fair value assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination.

Goodwill is not amortized, but it is tested annually for impairment at the reporting unit level as of December 31 and between annual tests if indicators of potential impairment exist. The Company has the option of performing a qualitative assessment of a reporting unit to first determine whether the quantitative impairment test is necessary. This involves an assessment of qualitative factors to determine the existence of events or circumstances that would indicate whether it is more likely than not that the carrying amount of the reporting unit to which goodwill belongs is less than its fair value. If the qualitative assessment indicates it is not more likely than not that the reporting unit’s carrying amount is less than its fair value, a quantitative impairment test is not required.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

Significant accounting policies (continued)

(h) Goodwill (continued)

Where a quantitative impairment test is required, the procedure is to identify potential impairment by comparing the reporting unit’s fair value with its carrying amount, including goodwill. The reporting unit’s fair value is determined using various valuation approaches and techniques that involve assumptions based on what the Company believes a hypothetical marketplace participant would use in estimating fair value on the measurement date. An impairment loss is recognized as the difference between the reporting unit’s carrying amount and its fair value. If the difference between the reporting unit’s carrying amount and fair value is greater than the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit, the impairment loss is restricted by the amount of the goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

(i)

Early adoption of new accounting pronouncements

(i)

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Entities still have the option of performing a qualitative assessment of a reporting unit to first determine whether the quantitative impairment test is necessary. Where an annual or interim quantitative impairment test is necessary, there is only one step, which is to compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value. An impairment loss is recognized as the difference between the reporting unit’s carrying amount and its fair value to the extent the difference does not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

ASU 2017-04 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim and annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The amendments are applied on a prospective basis. Because the amendments reduce the cost and complexity of goodwill impairment testing, the Company has early adopted ASU 2017-04 in the first quarter of 2017.

(ii)

In June 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2017-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. ASU 2017-09 clarifies that the effects of a modification should be accounted for unless all the following criteria are met:

The fair value (or calculated or intrinsic value, as appropriate) of the modified award is the same as the fair value (or calculated or intrinsic value, as appropriate) of the original award immediately before the modification. The value immediately before and after the modification does not have to be estimated if the modification does affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique used to value the award.

The modified award’s vesting conditions are the same as those of the original award immediately before the modification.

The classification of the modified award as an equity or liability instrument is the same as the original award’s classification immediately before the modification.

Adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

Significant accounting policies (continued)

(j) New and amended accounting standards

(i)

Effective January 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2016-06, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Contingent Put and Call Options in Debt Instruments, which impacts entities that are issuers of or investors in debt instruments – or hybrid financial instruments determined to have a debt host – with embedded call (put) options. One of the criteria for bifurcating an embedded derivative is assessing whether the economic characteristics and risks of call (put) options are clearly and closely related to those of their debt hosts. The amendments of ASU 2016-06 clarify the steps required in making this assessment for contingent call (put) options that can accelerate the payment of principal on debt instruments. Specifically, ASU 2016-06 requires the call (or put) options to be assessed solely in accordance with a four-step decision sequence. Consequently, when a call (put) option is contingently exercisable, an entity does not have to assess whether the triggering event is related to interest rates or credit risks. The standard was applied on a modified retrospective basis to existing debt instruments as of January 1, 2017. Adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

(ii)

Effective January 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which requires an entity to recognize share-based payment (“SBP”) award income tax effects in the consolidated income statement when the awards vest or are settled. Consequently, the requirement for entities to track additional paid-in capital (“APIC”) pools is eliminated. Other amendments include:

All excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards) are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the consolidated income statement. The tax effects of exercised or vested awards are treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur. Excess tax benefits are recognized regardless of whether the benefit reduces taxes payable in the current period. These amendments were applied prospectively.

Because excess taxes no longer flow through APIC, when applying the treasury stock method in calculating diluted earnings per share (“EPS”), the assumed proceeds will no longer include any estimated excess taxes. Excess tax benefits increase assumed proceeds, which results in more hypothetical shares being reacquired. The incremental number of dilutive shares for diluted EPS is calculated as the number of shares from the assumed exercise of the stock less the hypothetical shares reacquired. Therefore, removing excess tax benefits from the equation results in fewer hypothetical shares being reacquired, increasing the incremental number of dilutive shares.

Excess tax benefits are classified along with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity in the statement of cash flows. The Company elected to apply this amendment prospectively.

An entity can make an entity-wide accounting policy election to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures as they occur. Since forfeiture rates of the Company’s stock awards have historically been nominal and represent an insignificant assumption used in management’s estimate of the fair value of those awards, the Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur. This accounting policy change was applied on a modified retrospective basis and did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The threshold to qualify for equity classification permits withholding up to the maximum statutory tax rates in the applicable jurisdictions. This amendment was applied on a modified retrospective basis.

Cash paid by an employer when directly withholding shares for tax-withholding purposes is classified as a financing activity in the statement of cash flows. This amendment was applied prospectively.

Adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

(k) Recent accounting standards not yet adopted

(i)

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In particular, it moves away from the current industry and transaction specific requirements. ASU 2014-09 creates a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when considering the terms of the contract(s) which include:

Identifying the contract(s) with the customer,

Identifying the separate performance obligations in the contract,

Determining the transaction price,

Allocating the transaction price to the separate performance obligations, and

Recognizing revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied.

The amendments also contain extensive disclosure requirements designed to enable users of the financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. In July 2015, the FASB delayed the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year so that ASU 2014-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. ASU 2014-09 permits the use of either the retrospective or modified retrospective (cumulative effect) transition method.

In 2015, the Company established a global new revenue accounting standard adoption team, consisting of financial reporting and accounting advisory representatives from across all geographical regions and business operations (the “Team”). The Team developed an adoption framework that continues to be used as guidance in identifying the Company’s significant contracts with customers. In 2016, the Team commenced its analysis, with the initial focus being on the impact of the amendments on accounting for the Company’s straight commission contracts, underwritten (inventory and guarantee) commission contracts, and ancillary service contracts. The Team is currently in the process of identifying the appropriate changes to our business processes, systems, and controls required to adopt the amendments based on preliminary findings.

Since its inception, the Team has regularly reported the findings and progress of the adoption project to management and the Audit Committee. Based on these findings and analysis, management has determined that the Company will not early adopt ASU 2014-09. The Company had previously planned on using a modified retrospective (cumulative-effect) method of adoption. The reason for not early adopting and for electing to use a modified retrospective method was primarily due to the Company’s acquisition of IronPlanet Holdings, Inc. (“IronPlanet”) on May 31, 2017. The IronPlanet acquisition added complexity to applying the amendments retrospectively, and as such, the modified retrospective method of adoption was chosen.

As the Team continues to make progress in its adoption project, it now believes that it will be able to adopt ASU 2014-09 using a full retrospective method, which it anticipates will provide more useful comparative information to financial statement users. The Company also continues to evaluate recently issued guidance on practical expedients as part of the adoption method decision.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

(k) Recent accounting standards not yet adopted (continued)

The Team concluded that one of the most significant impacts of the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will be a change in the presentation of revenue from the majority of inventory, ancillary service, and Ritchie Bros. Logistical Services contracts as gross as a principal versus net as an agent. The Team’s analysis of these significant contracts with customers was aided by the FASB issuing ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations, focusing on whether an entity controls a specified good or service before that good or service is transferred to a customer.

SEC Regulation S-X Rule 5-03.1 requires revenue from the sale of tangible products to be presented as a separate line item of the face of the consolidated income statement from revenues from services where income from one or both of those classes is more than 10 percent the sum of total revenues. Similarly, SEC Regulation Rule 5-03.2 requires the costs related to those revenue classes to be presented in the same manner. Based on historical information, the Team expects revenue from inventory contracts that are recognized gross as a principal selling tangible products to exceed 10 percent of total revenues.

Presenting most inventory contract revenues gross as a principal selling a tangible product versus net as an agent providing a service will significantly change the face of the Company’s consolidated income statement. Currently, all revenue from inventory sales is presented net of costs within service revenues on the income statement. After ASU 2014-09 is adopted, service revenues will exclude revenue from inventory sales and cost of inventory sold for inventory contracts recorded on a gross basis. Those amounts will instead be presented gross as separate line items on the face of the consolidated income statement in accordance with SEC Regulation S-X Rules 5-03.1 and 5-03.2. Ancillary service revenues will be presented within service revenues, but on a gross basis, with ancillary service costs presented separately within costs of services.

The Team, together with oversight from the Audit Committee, will also continue to closely monitor FASB activity related to ASU 2014-09 to conclude on specific interpretative issues. Over the remaining term until ASU 2014-09 takes effect, the Team will complete its assessment of the impact of the new standard on remaining contracts with customers, as well as evaluate the impact on financial statement disclosures and processes that capture information required for the revised financial statement presentation. The Team will also continue to work with management to determine the impact of the change in presentation on the key performance metrics used to evaluate operational performance of the Company.

Expected impact to reported results

While continuing to assess all potential impacts of adoption of ASU 2014-09, the Team’s current analysis indicates that the most significant change will be the gross versus net presentation described above. This presentation is expected to increase the amount of revenue compared to the current presentation. Presenting these revenues as gross as a principal versus net as an agent has no impact on operating income. The Company expects the effects of this change to be as follows:

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

(k) Recent accounting standards not yet adopted (continued)

	As reported							New revenue standard
Three months ended September 30,	2017			2016			Three months ended September 30,	2017			2016
							Revenue from inventory sales	$	82,213		$	176,381
							Service revenues		145,843			124,595
Revenues	$	141,047		$	128,876		Total revenues		228,056			300,976
							Cost of inventory sold		(73,131	)		(159,850	)
Costs of services, excluding
depreciation and amortization ("D&A")		(19,583	)		(14,750	)	Costs of services, excluding D&A		(33,461	)		(27,000	)
	$	121,464		$	114,126		Gross profit	$	121,464		$	114,126

	As reported							New revenue standard
Nine months ended September 30,	2017			2016			Nine months ended September 30,	2017			2016
							Revenue from inventory sales	$	238,515		$	411,970
							Service revenues		442,474			420,177
Revenues	$	431,732		$	419,626		Total revenues		680,989			832,147
							Cost of inventory sold		(209,151	)		(376,364	)
Costs of services, excluding D&A		(53,987	)		(49,821	)	Costs of services, excluding D&A		(94,093	)		(85,978	)
	$	377,745		$	369,805		Gross profit	$	377,745		$	369,805

(ii)

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize almost all leases, including operating leases, on the balance sheet through a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability. For short-term leases, defined as those with a term of 12 months or less, the lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election not to recognize the lease assets and liabilities, and instead recognize the lease expense generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The accounting treatment under this election is consistent with current operating lease accounting. No extensive amendments were made to lessor accounting, but amendments of note include changes to the definition of initial direct costs and accounting for collectability uncertainties in a lease.

ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. Both lessees and lessors must apply ASU 2016-02 using a “modified retrospective transition”, which reflects the new guidance from the beginning of the earliest period presented in the financial statements. However, lessees and lessors can elect to apply certain practical expedients on transition.

Management continues to perform a detailed inventory and analysis of all the Company’s leases, of which there are approximately 395 operating and 90 finance leases for which the Company is a lessee at the reporting date. The most significant operating leases in terms of the amount of rental charges and duration of the contract are for various auction sites and offices located in North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. However, in terms of the number of leases, the majority consist of leases for computer, automotive, and yard equipment.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

(k) Recent accounting standards not yet adopted (continued)

The Company continues to evaluate the new guidance to determine the impact it will have on its consolidated financial statements. Under the expectation that the majority, if not all, of the operating leases will be brought onto the Company’s balance sheet on adoption of ASU 2016-02, management is also investigating the functionality within the Company’s systems to automate the lease accounting process.

The adoption of ASU 2016-02 is expected to add complexity to the accounting for leases, as well as require extensive system and process changes to manage the large number of operating leases that the Company anticipates will be brought onto its balance sheet. As a result, management has determined that the Company will not early adopt ASU 2016-02, and will continue to evaluate the elections available to the Company involving the application of practical expedients on transition.

(iii)

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net). The amendments in ASU 2016-08 clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations, focusing on whether an entity controls a specified good or service before that good or service is transferred to a customer. Where such control exists – i.e. where the entity is required to provide the specified good or service itself – the entity is a ‘principal’. Where the entity is required to arrange for another party to provide the good or service, it is an agent.

The effective date and transition requirements of ASU 2016-08 are the same as for ASU 2014-09, which is for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The impact of adoption of ASU 2016-08 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements has been considered as part of the ASU 2014-09 adoption project discussed above.

(iv)

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaces the ‘incurred loss methodology’ credit impairment model with a new forward-looking “methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates.” ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is only permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those years. The Company is evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it will have on its consolidated financial statements.

(v)

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, whose amendments provide a screen to determine when an integrated set of assets and activities does not constitute a business as defined by Topic 805. Specifically, the amendments require that a set is not a business when substantially all the fair value of gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further evaluated and as such, it is anticipated that more acquisitions will be accounted for as asset acquisitions rather than business combinations. If the screen is not met, the amendments:

Require that the set must, at a minimum, include an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create an output in order to be considered a business; and

Remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

(k) Recent accounting standards not yet adopted (continued)

The amendments also provide a framework to assist in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present, and this framework includes two sets of criteria to consider that depend on whether a set has outputs. Finally, the amendments narrow the definition of the term “output” so the term is consistent with how outputs are described in Topic 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

ASU 2017-01 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The amendments are applied prospectively on or after the effective date. No disclosures are required at transition. The Company is evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it will have on its consolidated financial statements.

(vi)

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income – Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets, which clarifies the scope of Subtopic 610-20 and adds clarity around accounting for partial sales of nonfinancial assets and the identification of, allocation of consideration to, and derecognition of distinct nonfinancial assets. The amendments also define ‘in substance nonfinancial assets’, which are within the scope of Subtopic 610-20, and clarify that nonfinancial assets within the scope of Subtopic 610-20 may include nonfinancial assets transferred within a legal entity to a counterparty.

ASU 2017-05 is effective at the same time as ASU 2014-09, which is for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The amendments in ASU 2017-05 must be applied at the same time as the amendments in ASU 2014-09. Entities may elect to apply these amendments retrospectively to each period presented in the financial statements or using a modified retrospective basis as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company is evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it will have on its consolidated financial statements.

3. Significant judgments, estimates and assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

Future differences arising between actual results and the judgments, estimates and assumptions made by the Company at the reporting date, or future changes to estimates and assumptions, could necessitate adjustments to the underlying reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in future reporting periods.

Judgments, estimates and underlying assumptions are evaluated on an ongoing basis by management, and are based on historical experience and other factors including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstance and such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur. Significant items subject to estimates include purchase price allocations, the carrying amounts of goodwill, the useful lives of long-lived assets, share based compensation, deferred income taxes, reserves for tax uncertainties, and other contingencies.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

4. Seasonality of operations

The Company's operations are both seasonal and event driven. Revenues tend to be highest during the second and fourth calendar quarters. The Company generally conducts more auctions during these quarters than during the first and third calendar quarters. Late December through mid-February and mid-July through August are traditionally less active periods.

5. Segmented information

The Company’s principal business activity is the management and disposition of used industrial equipment and other durable assets. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company continued to integrate its IronPlanet acquisition, which resulted in changes in the basis of organization of the Company, including its leadership structure, sales processes, and management reporting. Most significantly, the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) began to assess the performance of the business and allocate resources based on whether the Company’s services are transactional (generating value from the disposition of assets) or non-transactional in nature, and redesigned key metrics accordingly.

These changes resulted in the identification of the following new operating segments as of September 30, 2017:

Auctions and Marketplaces – This is the Company’s only reportable segment, which consists of the Company’s live on site auctions, its online auctions and marketplaces, and its brokerage service;

Ritchie Bros. Financial Services (“RBFS”) – This is the Company’s financial brokerage service, which is reported within the “other” category; and

Mascus – This is the Company’s online listing service, which is reported within the “other” category.

The “other” category also includes results from various value-added services and make-ready activities, including the Company’s equipment refurbishment services, Asset Appraisal Services, and Ritchie Bros. Logistical Services.

	Three months ended September 30, 2017									Nine months ended September 30, 2017
	Auctions and Marketplaces			Other			Consolidated			Auctions and Marketplaces			Other			Consolidated
Revenues	$	130,242		$	10,805		$	141,047		$	400,565		$	31,167		$	431,732
Costs of services, excluding D&A		(18,383	)		(1,200	)		(19,583	)		(51,948	)		(2,039	)		(53,987	)
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses		(81,964	)		(3,371	)		(85,335	)		(220,555	)		(9,732	)		(230,287	)
Impairment loss		-			-			-			(8,911	)		-			(8,911	)
Segment profit	$	29,895		$	6,234		$	36,129		$	119,151		$	19,396		$	138,547
Acquisition-related costs								(3,587	)								(35,162	)
D&A expenses								(14,837	)								(37,047	)
Gain on disposition of Property, plant and equipment ("PPE")								42									1,071
Foreign exchange gain (loss)								(816	)								7
Operating income							$	16,931								$	67,416
Other expense								(9,966	)								(20,965	)
Income tax recovery (expense)								3,358									(7,982	)
Net income							$	10,323								$	38,469

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

Segmented information (continued)

	Three months ended September 30, 2016									Nine months ended September 30, 2016
	Auctions and Marketplaces			Other			Consolidated			Auctions and Marketplaces			Other			Consolidated
Revenues	$	121,111		$	7,765		$	128,876		$	395,228		$	24,398		$	419,626
Costs of services, excluding D&A		(14,493	)		(257	)		(14,750	)		(49,213	)		(608	)		(49,821	)
SG&A expenses		(65,346	)		(2,947	)		(68,293	)		(200,967	)		(8,428	)		(209,395	)
Impairment loss		(28,243	)		-			(28,243	)		(28,243	)		-			(28,243	)
Segment profit	$	13,029		$	4,561		$	17,590		$	116,805		$	15,362		$	132,167
Acquisition-related costs								(5,398	)								(7,198	)
D&A expenses								(10,196	)								(30,560	)
Gain on disposition of PPE								570									1,017
Foreign exchange loss								(281	)								(332	)
Operating income							$	2,285								$	95,094
Other income (expense)								(105	)								420
Income tax expense								(7,180	)								(29,929	)
Net income (loss)							$	(5,000	)							$	65,585

The carrying value of goodwill of $648,819,000 has been allocated to Auctions and Marketplaces and $20,827,000 has been allocated to other. As in prior periods, the CODM does not evaluate the performance of its operating segments based on segment assets and liabilities, nor does the Company classify liabilities on a segmented basis.

6. Revenues

The Company’s revenue from the rendering of services is as follows:

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Commissions	$	97,683	$	96,110	$	310,007	$	314,084
Fees		43,364		32,766		121,725		105,542
	$	141,047	$	128,876	$	431,732	$	419,626

Net profits on inventory sales included in commissions are:

	Three months ended						Nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Revenue from inventory sales	$	93,275		$	176,381		$	255,156		$	411,970
Cost of inventory sold		(82,733	)		(159,850	)		(222,956	)		(376,364	)
	$	10,542		$	16,531		$	32,200		$	35,606

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

7. Operating expenses

Certain prior period operating expenses have been reclassified to conform with current year presentation.

Costs of services, excluding depreciation and amortization

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Employee compensation expenses	$	10,032	$	6,593	$	24,321	$	21,731
Buildings, facilities and technology expenses		1,872		1,709		5,819		6,015
Travel, advertising and promotion expenses		5,562		4,991		17,644		18,287
Other costs of services		2,117		1,457		6,203		3,788
	$	19,583	$	14,750	$	53,987	$	49,821

SG&A expenses

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Employee compensation expenses	$	55,560		42,370	$	147,420	$	133,370
Buildings, facilities and technology expenses		13,494		12,466		39,083		36,671
Travel, advertising and promotion expenses		8,431		6,273		21,218		18,595
Professional fees		3,381		3,675		9,705		9,524
Other SG&A expenses		4,469		3,509		12,861		11,235
	$	85,335	$	68,293	$	230,287	$	209,395

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

7. Operating expenses (continued)

Acquisition-related costs

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
IronPlanet: (note 22)
Stock option compensation expense (note 20)	$	-	$	-	$	4,752	$	-
Legal costs		248		2,264		8,843		2,264
Other acquisition-related costs		2,464		2,250		18,996		2,250
Mascus: (note 22)
Continuing employment costs		126		262		404		701
Other acquisition-related costs		-		-		22		749
Xcira:
Continuing employment costs		447		305		1,112		917
Petrowsky: (note 22)
Continuing employment costs		134		140		554		140
Other acquisition-related costs		-		177		3		177
Kramer: (note 22)
Continuing employment costs		122		-		351		-
Other acquisition-related costs		-		-		78		-
Other		46		-		47		-
	$	3,587	$	5,398	$	35,162	$	7,198

Depreciation and amortization expenses

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Depreciation expense	$	7,228	$	7,751	$	20,813	$	23,466
Amortization expense		7,609		2,445		16,234		7,094
	$	14,837	$	10,196	$	37,047	$	30,560

Impairment loss

The Company did not record an impairment loss during the three months ended September 30, 2017. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, management identified indicators of impairment on certain software and software under development intangible assets (the “technology assets”). The indicators consisted of decisions made after the acquisition of IronPlanet that adversely impacted the extent or manner in which certain technology assets would be utilized. As part of its integration activities the Company determined that it was more likely than not that certain technology assets would not be utilized or developed as originally intended and no longer had value. As a result, management performed an impairment test that resulted in the recognition of an impairment loss of $8,911,000 on the technology assets.

During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded an impairment loss on the EquipmentOne reporting unit goodwill of $23,574,000 and a pre-tax impairment loss on the EquipmentOne reporting unit customer relationships of $4,669,000.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

8. Income taxes

At the end of each interim period, the Company estimates the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year. The estimate reflects, among other items, management’s best estimate of operating results. It does not include the estimated impact of foreign exchange rates or unusual and/or infrequent items, which may cause significant variations in the customary relationship between income tax expense and income before income taxes.

The Company’s consolidated effective tax rate in respect of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was -48.2% and 17.2%, respectively (2016: 329.4% and 31.3%).

9. Earnings per share attributable to stockholders

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) attributable to stockholders was calculated by dividing the net income attributable to stockholders by the weighted average (“WA”) number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS attributable to stockholders was calculated by dividing the net income attributable to stockholders after giving effect to outstanding dilutive stock options and PSUs by the WA number of shares outstanding adjusted for all dilutive securities.

	Three months ended							Nine months ended
	September 30, 2017							September 30, 2017
	Net income		WA					Net income			WA
	attributable to		number		Per share			attributable to			number		Per share
	stockholders		of shares		amount			stockholders			of shares		amount
Basic	$	10,261		107,120,618	$	0.10		$	38,273			106,993,358	$	0.36
Effect of dilutive securities:
PSUs		-		214,304		-			(50	)		337,570		-
Stock options		-		843,381		(0.01	)		-			738,696		(0.01	)
Diluted	$	10,261		108,178,303	$	0.09		$	38,223			108,069,624	$	0.35

	Three months ended								Nine months ended
	September 30, 2016								September 30, 2016
	Net loss			WA					Net income		WA
	attributable to			number		Per share			attributable to		number		Per share
	stockholders			of shares		amount			stockholders		of shares		amount
Basic	$	(5,137	)		106,622,376	$	(0.05	)	$	63,979		106,595,088	$	0.60
Effect of dilutive securities:
PSUs		-			81,610		-			-		27,203		-
Stock options		-			821,065		-			-		599,099		-
Diluted	$	(5,137	)		107,525,051	$	(0.05	)	$	63,979		107,221,390	$	0.60

In respect of PSUs awarded under the sign-on grant PSUs, and the senior executive and employee PSU plans (described in note 20), performance and market conditions, depending on their outcome at the end of the contingency period, can reduce the number of vested awards to nil or to a maximum of 200% of the number of outstanding PSUs. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, no PSUs to purchase common shares were outstanding but excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS attributable to stockholders as they were anti-dilutive (2016: 253,646 and 231,671). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, stock options to purchase 901,969 and 585,257 common shares, respectively, were outstanding but excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS attributable to stockholders as they were anti-dilutive (2016: nil and 1,002,929).

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

10. Supplemental cash flow information

Nine months ended September 30,	2017			2016
Trade and other receivables		(139,411	)		(129,980	)
Inventory		(16,460	)		15,257
Advances against auction contracts		601			914
Prepaid expenses and deposits		4,498			(774	)
Income taxes receivable		(8,062	)		(3,387	)
Auction proceeds payable		186,147			172,273
Trade and other payables		(9,451	)		(5,331	)
Income taxes payable		(3,075	)		(9,410	)
Share unit liabilities		(5,848	)		2,413
Other		1,608			(4,995	)
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities	$	10,547		$	36,980

Nine months ended September 30,	2017		2016
Interest paid, net of interest capitalized	$	20,233	$	3,859
Interest received		2,460		1,353
Net income taxes paid		28,037		44,869

Non-cash transactions:
Non-cash purchase of property, plant and equipment under capital lease		6,851		1,009

	September 30,		December 31,
	2017		2016
Cash and cash equivalents	$	224,474	$	207,867
Restricted cash:
Current		89,846		50,222
Non-current		-		500,000
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	314,320	$	758,089

On December 21, 2016, the Company completed the offering of $500,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 5.375% senior unsecured notes due January 15, 2025 (note 18). Upon the closing of the offering, the gross proceeds from the offering were deposited in to an escrow account. The funds were released from escrow upon the closing of the acquisition of IronPlanet (note 22).

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

10. Supplemental cash flow information (continued)

In the fourth quarter of 2016, Company early adopted ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Restricted Cash, which requires that the change in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash during a reporting period be explained in the Statement of Cash Flows (“SCF”). Therefore, the Company has included its restricted cash balances when reconciling the total beginning and end of period amounts shown on the face of the SCF. The effect of this change is detailed below.

Nine months ended September 30,	2016
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities:
As reported	$	38,982
Current presentation		36,980
Net cash provided by operating activities:
As reported		163,423
Current presentation		161,421
Effect of changes in foreign currency rates on cash:
As reported		4,339
Current presentation		6,656
Increase (decrease) in cash:
As reported		20,836
Current presentation		21,151
Cash and cash equivalents		230,984
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	314,397

11. Fair value measurement

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the condensed consolidated financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement or disclosure:

● Level 1:	Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at measurement date;
● Level 2:	Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and
● Level 3:	Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

11. Fair value measurement (continued)

		September 30, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Category	Carrying amount		Fair value		Carrying amount		Fair value
Fair values disclosed, recurring:
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	224,474	$	224,474	$	207,867	$	207,867
Restricted cash	Level 1		89,846		89,846		550,222		550,222
Short-term debt (note 18)	Level 2		8,567		8,567		23,912		23,912
Long-term debt (note 18)
Senior unsecured notes	Level 1		486,886		526,875		495,780		509,500
Revolving loans	Level 2		-		-		99,926		99,926
Delayed draw term loans	Level 2		330,999		335,447		-		-

The carrying value of the Company‘s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade and other receivables, advances against auction contracts, auction proceeds payable, trade and other payables, short term debt, and revolving loans approximate their fair values due to their short terms to maturity. The carrying value of the delayed draw term loan, before deduction of deferred debt issue costs, approximates its fair value as the interest rates on the loans were short-term in nature. The fair value of the senior unsecured notes is determined by reference to a quoted market price.

12. Inventory

At each period end, inventory is reviewed to ensure that it is recorded at the lower of cost and net realizable value. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded an inventory write-down of $122,000 and $778,000, respectively (2016: $882,000 and $2,284,000).

Of inventory held at September 30, 2017, 100% is expected to be sold prior to the end of December 2017 (December 31, 2016: 93% sold by the end of March 2017 with the remainder sold by the end of June 2017).

13. Assets held for sale

Balance, December 31, 2016	$	632
Reclassified from property, plant and equipment		411
Disposal		(389	)
Balance, September 30, 2017	$	654

In March 2017, the Company sold excess auction site acreage in Orlando, United States, for net proceeds of $953,000 resulting in a gain of $564,000.

As at September 30, 2017, the Company’s assets held for sale consisted of excess auction site acreage located in Denver and Kansas City, United States, and Truro, Canada. Management made the strategic decision to sell this excess acreage to maximize the Company’s return on invested capital. The properties have been actively marketed for sale, and management expects the sales to be completed within 12 months of September 30, 2017. This land belongs to the Auctions and Marketplaces reportable segment.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

14. Property, plant and equipment

As at September 30, 2017	Cost		Accumulated depreciation			Net book value
Land and improvements	$	377,491	$	(67,164	)	$	310,327
Buildings		265,816		(101,301	)		164,515
Yard and automotive equipment		60,125		(39,489	)		20,636
Computer software and equipment		68,728		(59,639	)		9,089
Office equipment		24,875		(18,443	)		6,432
Leasehold improvements		21,369		(14,492	)		6,877
Assets under development		12,619		-			12,619
	$	831,023	$	(300,528	)	$	530,495

As at December 31, 2016	Cost		Accumulated depreciation			Net book value
Land and improvements	$	362,283	$	(60,576	)	$	301,707
Buildings		256,168		(91,323	)		164,845
Yard and automotive equipment		55,352		(38,560	)		16,792
Computer software and equipment		66,265		(57,624	)		8,641
Office equipment		22,963		(16,706	)		6,257
Leasehold improvements		20,199		(12,541	)		7,658
Assets under development		9,130		-			9,130
	$	792,360	$	(277,330	)	$	515,030

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, interest of $40,000 and $78,000, respectively, was capitalized to the cost of assets under development (2016: $42,000 and $65,000). These interest costs relating to qualifying assets are capitalized at a weighted average rate of 2.7% (2016: 4.4%).

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

15. Intangible assets

As at September 30, 2017	Cost		Accumulated amortization			Net book value
Trade names and trademarks	$	54,229	$	(347	)	$	53,882
Customer relationships		124,295		(6,317	)		117,978
Software		96,860		(22,155	)		74,705
Software under development		14,557		-			14,557
	$	289,941	$	(28,819	)	$	261,122

As at December 31, 2016	Cost		Accumulated amortization			Net book value
Trade names and trademarks	$	5,585	$	(50	)	$	5,535
Customer relationships		25,618		(1,072	)		24,546
Software		36,566		(13,116	)		23,450
Software under development		18,773		-			18,773
	$	86,542	$	(14,238	)	$	72,304

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $8,911,000 due to the impairment of certain software and software under development and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 the Company recorded an impairment loss on the Equipment One customer relationships of $4,669,000 (note 7).

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, interest of $74,000 and $140,000, respectively was capitalized to the cost of software under development (2016: $111,000 and $287,000). These interest costs relating to qualifying assets are capitalized at a weighted average rate of 2.70% (2016: 5.32.%).

16. Goodwill

Balance, December 31, 2016	$	97,537
Additions		567,785
Foreign exchange movement		4,324
Balance, September 30, 2017	$	669,646

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

17. Equity-accounted investments

The Company holds a 48% share interest in a group of companies detailed below (together, the Cura Classis entities), which have common ownership. The Cura Classis entities provide dedicated fleet management services in three jurisdictions to a common customer unrelated to the Company. The Company has determined the Cura Classis entities are variable interest entities and the Company is not the primary beneficiary, as it does not have the power to make any decisions that significantly affect the economic results of the Cura Classis entities. Accordingly, the Company accounts for its investments in the Cura Classis entities following the equity method.

A condensed summary of the Company's investments in and advances to equity-accounted investees are as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars, except percentages):

	Ownership			September 30,		December 31,
	percentage			2017		2016
Cura Classis entities		48	%	$	4,650	$	4,594
Other equity investments		32	%		2,637		2,732
					7,287		7,326

As a result of the Company’s investments, the Company is exposed to risks associated with the results of operations of the Cura Classis entities. The Company has no other business relationships with the Cura Classis entities. The Company’s maximum risk of loss associated with these entities is the investment carrying amount.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

18. Debt

	Carrying amount
	September 30,			December 31,
	2017			2016
Short-term debt	$	8,567		$	23,912

Long-term debt:

Revolving loans:
Denominated in Canadian dollars, unsecured, bearing interest at a weighted average rate of 2.380%, due in monthly installments of interest only, with the committed, revolving credit facility available until October 2021		-			69,926
Denominated in United States dollars, unsecured, bearing interest at a weighted average rate of 2.075%, due in monthly installments of interest only, with the committed, revolving credit facility available until October 2021		-			30,000
Delayed draw term loan:
Denominated in Canadian dollars, secured, bearing interest at a weighted average rate of 3.044%, due in monthly installments of interest only and quarterly installments of principal, with the committed credit facility, available until October 2021		189,050			-
Denominated in United States dollars, secured, bearing interest at a weighted average rate of 3.157%, due in monthly installments of interest only and quarterly installments of principal, with the committed credit facility, available until October 2021		146,397			-
Less: unamortized debt issue costs		(4,448	)		-
Senior unsecured notes:
Bearing interest at 5.375% due in semi-annual installments, with the full amount of principal due in January 2025		500,000			500,000
Less: unamortized debt issue costs		(13,114	)		(4,220	)
		817,885			595,706

Total debt	$	826,452		$	619,618

Long-term debt:
Current portion	$	16,985		$	-
Non-current portion		800,900			595,706
	$	817,885		$	595,706

On October 27, 2016, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with a syndicate of lenders, and Bank of America, N.A. (“BofA”), as administrative agent which provides the Company with:

Multicurrency revolving facilities of up to $675,000,000 (the “Multicurrency Facilities”);

A delayed draw term loan facility of up to $325,000,000 (the “Delayed-Draw Facility); and together with the Multicurrency Facilities, the (“Syndicated Facilities”) and

At the Company’s election and subject to certain conditions, including receipt of related commitments, incremental term loan facilities and/or increases to the Multicurrency Facilities in an aggregate amount of up to $50,000,000.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

18. Debt (continued)

The Company may use the proceeds from the Multicurrency Facilities for general corporate purposes. The amount available pursuant to the Delayed-Draw Facility is only available to finance the acquisition of IronPlanet and will not be available for other corporate purposes upon repayment of amounts borrowed under that facility. On May 31, 2017, the Company borrowed $325,000,000 under the Delayed-Draw Facility to finance the acquisition of IronPlanet. The Delayed-Draw Facility amortizes in equal quarterly installments in an annual amount of 5% for the first two years and 10% in the third through fifth years, with the balance payable at maturity. Upon the closing of the acquisition the Syndicated Facilities became secured by the assets of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries in Canada and the United States. The Syndicated Facilities may become unsecured again, subject to the Company meeting specified credit rating or leverage ratio conditions.

The Company has incurred debt issue costs of $9,704,000 in connection with the Syndicated Facilities, of which $4,753,000 was allocated to the Multicurrency Facilities and $4,951,000 was allocated to the Delayed-Draw Facility. As the former allocation is not related to specific draws, the costs have been capitalized as other non-current assets and are being amortized over the term of the Syndicated Facilities. For the later allocation, the costs have been capitalized and reduce the carrying value of the delayed draw term loans to which they relate. At September 30, 2017, the Company had unamortized deferred debt issue costs relating to the Multicurrency Facilities of $4,054,000 (December 31, 2016: $6,182,000 relating to the Syndicated Facilities) and unamortized deferred debt issue costs of $4,448,000 relating to the delayed draw term loans.

On December 21, 2016, the Company completed the offering of $500,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 5.375% senior unsecured notes due January 15, 2025 (the “Notes”). Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually. The proceeds from the offering were held in escrow until completion of the acquisition of IronPlanet. On May 31, 2017, the funds were released from escrow to finance the acquisition of IronPlanet. The Notes are jointly and severally guaranteed on an unsecured basis, subject to certain exceptions, by each of the Company’s subsidiaries that is a borrower or guarantees indebtedness under the Credit Agreement. IronPlanet and certain of its subsidiaries were added as additional guarantors in connection with the acquisition of IronPlanet.

The Company has incurred debt issue costs of $13,945,000 in connection with the offering of the Notes. At September 30, 2017, the Company had unamortized deferred debt issue costs relating to the Notes of $13,114,000 (December 31, 2016: $4,220,000)

Short-term debt at September 30, 2017 is comprised of drawings in different currencies on the Company’s committed revolving credit facilities and have a weighted average interest rate of 2.8% (December 31, 2016: 2.2%).

As at September 30, 2017, the Company had available committed revolving credit facilities aggregating $647,213,000 of which $637,891,000 is available until October 27, 2021.

19. Equity and dividends

Share capital

Preferred stock

Unlimited number of senior preferred shares, without par value, issuable in series.

Unlimited number of junior preferred shares, without par value, issuable in series.

All issued shares are fully paid. No preferred shares have been issued.

Share repurchase

There were no common shares repurchased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 (March 2016: 1,460,000 repurchased common shares, which were cancelled on March 15, 2016).

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

19. Equity and dividends (continued)

Dividends

Declared and paid

The Company declared and paid the following dividends during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

Declaration date

Dividend per
share

Record date

Total
dividends

Payment date

Nine months ended September 30, 2017:

Fourth quarter 2016

January 23, 2017

0.1700

February 10, 2017

18,160

March 3, 2017

First quarter 2017

May 4, 2017

0.1700

May 23, 2017

18,188

June 13, 2017

Second quarter 2017

August 4, 2017

0.1700

August 25, 2017

18,210

September 15, 2017

Nine months ended September 30, 2016:

Fourth quarter 2015

January 15, 2016

0.1600

February 12, 2016

17,154

March 4, 2016

First quarter 2016

May 9, 2016

0.1600

May 24, 2016

17,022

June 14, 2016

Second quarter 2016

August 5, 2016

0.1700

September 2, 2016

18,127

September 23, 2016

Declared and undistributed

Subsequent to September 30, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.17 cents per common share, payable on December 20, 2017 to stockholders of record on November 29, 2017. This dividend payable has not been recognized as a liability in the financial statements. The payment of this dividend will not have any tax consequence for the Company.

Foreign currency translation reserve

Foreign currency translation adjustments include intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term investment nature, which generated net gains of $5,838,000 and $17,322,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively (2016: net gains of $958,000 and net gains of $9,569,000).

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

20. Share-based payments

Share-based payments consist of the following compensation costs:

	Three months ended					Nine months ended
	September 30,					September 30,
	2017			2016		2017		2016
Stock option compensation expense:
SG&A expenses	$	2,920			1,555	$	6,244	$	4,025
Acquisition-related costs		-			-		4,752		-
Share unit expense (recovery):
Equity-classified PSUs		(176	)		736		1,871		1,222
Liability-classified share units		821			1,515		246		8,295
Employee share purchase plan -employer contributions		468			403		1,350		1,152
	$	4,033		$	4,209	$	14,463	$	14,694

Share unit expense (recovery) and employer contributions to the employee share purchase plan are recognized in SG&A expenses.

Stock option plan

The Company has three stock option plans that provide for the award of stock options to selected employees, directors and officers of the Company: a) 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended February 17, 2017, b) IronPlanet 1999 Stock Plan, and c) IronPlanet 2015 Stock Plan. The IronPlanet 1999 Stock Plan and IronPlanet 2015 Stock Plan were assumed by the Company as part of the acquisition of IronPlanet (note 22).

Stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is presented below:

						WA
	Common			WA		remaining		Aggregate
	shares under			exercise		contractual		intrinsic
	option			price		life (in years)		value
Outstanding, December 31, 2016		3,366,714		$	24.02		7.5	$	33,601
Granted		960,057			31.14
Assumed in acquisition (note 22)		737,358			14.26
Exercised		(355,514	)		22.32			$	3,202
Forfeited		(124,414	)		18.85
Outstanding, September 30, 2017		4,584,201		$	21.92		7.6	$	23,721
Exercisable, September 30, 2017		1,917,439		$	23.25		6.2	$	14,418

The fair value of the stock option grants is estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $7.24.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

20. Share-based payments (continued)

The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are presented in the following table on a weighted average basis:

Nine months ended September 30,	2017			2016
Risk free interest rate		2.0	%		1.1	%
Expected dividend yield		2.14	%		2.36	%
Expected lives of the stock options		5 years			5 years
Expected volatility		27.8	%		26.9	%

The fair value of the assumed stock options is estimated on the IronPlanet acquisition date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted average fair value of the assumed options was $16.93. The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of these assumed stock options are presented in the following table on a weighted average basis:

Nine months ended September 30,	2017
Risk free interest rate		0.8	%
Expected dividend yield		2.19	%
Expected lives of the stock options		0.4 years
Expected volatility		32.1	%

As at September 30, 2017, the unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to the non-vested stock options was $8,924,000, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years.

Share unit plans

Share unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is presented below:

	Equity-classified awards					Liability-classified awards
	PSUs					PSUs (1)					Restricted share units ("RSUs")					DSUs
				WA grant					WA grant					WA grant				WA grant
				date fair					date fair					date fair				date fair
	Number			value		Number			value		Number			value		Number		value

Outstanding, December 31, 2016		243,968		$	27.48		311,329		$	23.96		160,009		$	23.37		73,520	$	25.41
Granted		133,452			30.31		94,982			31.40		849			32.47		13,548		30.77
Reclassification on modification		81,533			24.47		(81,533	)		24.66		-			-		-		-
Vested and settled		(27,326	)		26.82		(49,873	)		23.64		(152,544	)		23.26		-		-
Forfeited		-			-		(15,806	)		26.31		-			-		-		-
Outstanding, September 30, 2017		431,627		$	27.83		259,099		$	26.39		8,314		$	26.29		87,068	$	26.24

(1)

Liability-classified PSUs include PSUs awarded under the employee PSU plan and the previous 2013 PSU plan, in place prior to 2015, that are cash-settled and not subject to market vesting conditions.

As at September 30, 2017, the unrecognized share unit expense related to equity-classified PSUs was $5,986,000, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.9 years. The unrecognized share unit expense related to liability-classified PSUs was $4,030,000, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years. The unrecognized share unit expense related to liability-classified RSUs was $58,000, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.0 years. There is no unrecognized share unit expense related to liability-classified DSUs as they vest immediately upon grant.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

20. Share-based payments (continued)

Share unit plans (continued)

Senior executive and employee PSU plans

The Company grants PSUs under a senior executive PSU plan and an employee PSU plan (the “PSU Plans”). Under the PSU Plans, the number of PSUs that vest is conditional upon specified market, service, and performance vesting conditions being met.

PSUs awarded under the PSU Plans are subject to market vesting conditions. The fair value of the liability-classified PSUs awarded under the employee PSU plan is estimated on the date of grant and at each reporting date using a binomial model. The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the liability-classified PSUs awarded under the employee PSU plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are presented in the following table on a weighted average basis:

Nine months ended September 30,	2017			2016
Risk free interest rate		1.4	%		1.2	%
Expected dividend yield		1.92	%		2.49	%
Expected lives of the PSUs		3 years			3 years
Expected volatility		28.2	%		29.9	%
Average expected volatility of comparable companies		37.0	%		37.0	%

Sign-on grant PSUs

On August 11, 2014, the Company awarded 102,375 one-time sign-on grant PSUs (the “SOG PSUs”). The SOG PSUs were cash-settled and subject to market vesting conditions related to the Company’s share performance over rolling two, three, four, and five-year periods.

Prior to May 1, 2017, the Company was only able to settle the SOG PSU award in cash, and as such, the plan was classified as a liability award. On May 1, 2017 (the “modification date”), the shareholders approved amendments to the SOG PSU grant, allowing the Company to choose whether to settle the award in cash or in shares. With respect to settling in shares, the new settlement options allow the Company to issue a number of shares equal to the number of units that vest. The shareholders authorized 150,000 shares to be issued for settlement of the PSUs.

On the modification date, the SOG PSU award was reclassified to equity award, based on the Company’s settlement intentions. The weighted average fair value of the SOG PSU award outstanding on the modification date was $24.47. The share unit liability, representing the portion of the fair value attributable to past service, was $1,421,000, which was reclassified to equity on that date. No incremental compensation was recognized as a result of the modification. Unrecognized compensation expense based on the fair value of the SOG PSU award on the modification date will be amortized over the remaining service period.

Because the PSUs awarded under the new plans are contingently redeemable in cash in the event of death of the participant, on the modification date, the Company reclassified $1,803,000 to temporary equity, representing the portion of the contingent redemption amount of the SOG PSUs as if redeemable on May 1, 2017, to the extent attributable to prior service.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

20. Share-based payments (continued)

Share unit plans (continued)

Sign-on grant PSUs (continued)

The fair value of the equity-classified SOG PSUs is estimated on modification date and on the date of grant using a binomial model. The significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the equity-classified PSUs for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 are presented in the following table on a weighted average basis:

Nine months ended September 30,	2017
Risk free interest rate		1.6	%
Expected dividend yield		2.54	%
Expected lives of the PSU		4 years
Expected volatility		28.6	%

Amendment to RSU plans

The Company has RSU plans that are not subject to market vesting conditions. Prior to November 8, 2017, the Company was only able to settle the RSU awards in cash, and as such, the RSUs were classified as liability awards, which are fair valued on grant date and at each reporting date using the 20-day volume weighted average price of the Company’s common shares listed on the New York Stock Exchange. On November 8, 2017 (the “RSU modification date”), the Board of Directors approved amendments to the RSU plans, allowing the Company to choose whether to settle the awards in cash or in shares for new RSUs granted after the RSU modification date. With respect to settling in shares, the new settlement options allow the Company to either (i) arrange for the purchase shares on the open market on the employee’s behalf based on the cash value that otherwise would be delivered, or (ii) to issue a number of shares equal to the number of units that vest. The Company has registered 300,000 shares to be issued for settlement of the RSUs which will be proposed for shareholder approval at the next annual general meeting.

21. Contingencies

Legal and other claims

The Company is subject to legal and other claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Management does not believe that the results of these claims will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet or consolidated income statement.

Guarantee contracts

In the normal course of business, the Company will in certain situations guarantee to a consignor a minimum level of proceeds in connection with the sale at auction of that consignor’s equipment.

At September 30, 2017 there was $40,722,000 of industrial assets guaranteed under contract, of which 60% is expected to be sold prior to the end of December 2017, with the remainder relating to guarantees issued by IronPlanet to be sold by October 2018 (December 31, 2016: $3,813,000 of which 100% was expected to be sold prior to the end of March 2017).

At September 30, 2017 there was $14,577,000 of agricultural assets guaranteed under contract, of which 77% is expected to be sold prior to the end of December 2017, with the remainder to be sold by the end of April 2018 (December 31, 2016: $11,415,000 of which 100% was expected to be sold prior to the end of July 2017).

The outstanding guarantee amounts are undiscounted and before estimated proceeds from sale at auction.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

22. Business combinations

(a)

IronPlanet acquisition

On May 31, 2017 (the “IronPlanet Acquisition Date”), the Company acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of IronPlanet for a total fair value consideration of $776,474,000. As at the acquisition date, cash consideration of $772,706,000 has been paid to the former shareholders, vested option holders and warrant holders of IronPlanet. In addition to the cash consideration, non-cash consideration of $2,330,000 was issued attributable to the assumption of outstanding IronPlanet options, $1,771,000 was paid in cash related to customary closing adjustments, and $333,000 was related to settlement of intercompany payable transactions.

A summary of the net cash flows and purchase price are detailed below:

	May 31, 2017
Cash consideration paid to former equity holders	$	723,810
Settlement of IronPlanet's debt		36,313
Settlement of IronPlanet's transaction costs		12,583
Cash consideration paid on closing		772,706
Cash consideration paid related to closing adjustments		1,771
Less: cash and cash equivalents acquired		(95,626	)
Less: restricted cash acquired		(3,000	)
Acquisition of IronPlanet, net of cash acquired	$	675,851

Cash consideration paid on closing	$	772,706
Replacement stock option awards attributable to pre- combination services		4,926
Stock option compensation expense from accelerated vesting of awards attributable to post-combination services		(2,596	)
Cash consideration paid relating to closing adjustments		1,771
Settlement of pre-existing intercompany balances		(333	)
Purchase price	$	776,474

As part of the acquisition of IronPlanet, the Company assumed IronPlanet’s existing 1999 and 2015 Stock Option Plans under the same terms and conditions. The fair value of IronPlanet’s stock options at the date of acquisition was determined using the Black-Scholes pricing model. Of the total fair value, $51,678,000 has been attributed as pre-combination service and included as part of the total acquisition consideration. The post-combination attribution of $10,154,000 is made up of two components, 1) $4,752,000 related to acceleration of options upon closing of the transaction, which was immediately recognized in acquisition-related costs, and 2) $5,402,000 related to the remaining unvested options, which will be recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period.

IronPlanet is a leading online marketplace for selling and buying used equipment and other durable assets and an innovative participant in the multi–billion dollar used equipment market. The acquisition expands the breadth and depth of equipment disposition and management solutions the Company can offer its customers.

The acquisition was accounted for in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values at the IronPlanet Acquisition Date. Goodwill of $567,410,000 was calculated as the fair value of consideration over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

22. Business combinations (continued)

(a)

IronPlanet acquisition (continued)

IronPlanet provisional purchase price allocation

	May 31, 2017
Purchase price	$	776,474

Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	95,626
Restricted cash		3,000
Trade and other receivables		13,021
Inventory		1,012
Advances against auction contracts		4,623
Prepaid expenses and deposits		1,233
Income taxes receivable		170
Property, plant and equipment		2,381
Other non-current assets		2,551
Deferred tax assets		1,497
Intangible assets ~		188,000

Liabilities assumed:
Auction proceeds payable		63,616
Trade and other payables		14,511
Income taxes payable		55
Deferred tax liabilities		25,868
Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired		209,064
Goodwill acquired on acquisition	$	567,410

Intangible assets consist of indefinite-lived trade names and trademarks, customer relationships with estimated useful lives of ranging from six to 13 years, and a technology platform with an estimated useful life of 7 years.

The amounts included in the IronPlanet provisional purchase price allocation are preliminary in nature and are subject to adjustment as additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the IronPlanet Acquisition Date. The final determination of the fair values of certain assets and liabilities will be completed within the measurement period of up to one year from the IronPlanet Acquisition Date, and is dependent upon finalization of income tax liabilities and the valuation report. Adjustments to the preliminary values during the measurement period will be recorded in the operating results of the reporting period in which the adjustments are determined. Changes to the amounts recorded as assets and liabilities will result in a corresponding adjustment to goodwill.

Goodwill

The main drivers generating goodwill are the anticipated synergies from (1) the Company's auction expertise and transactional capabilities to IronPlanet's existing customer base, (2) IronPlanet providing existing technology to the Company's current customer base, and (3) future growth from international expansion and new Caterpillar dealers. Other factors generating goodwill include the acquisition of IronPlanet's assembled work force and their associated technical expertise.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

22. Business combinations (continued)

(a)

IronPlanet acquisition (continued)

Contributed revenue and net income

The results of IronPlanet’s operations are included in these consolidated financial statements from the IronPlanet Acquisition Date. IronPlanet contributed revenues of $22,500,000 and a net loss of $1,696,000 to the Company’s revenues and net income during the three months ended September 30, 2017. IronPlanet contributed revenues of $33,380,000 and a net loss of $1,404,000 to the Company's revenues and net income during period from acquisition to September 30, 2017. IronPlanet’s contributed net loss includes charges related to amortization of intangible assets acquired.

The following table includes the unaudited condensed pro forma financial information that presents the combined results of operations as if the transactions relating to the IronPlanet acquisition and the financing required to fund the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2016. These transactions include adjustments in each applicable period presented for recurring charges related to amortization of intangible assets acquired, interest expense related to the acquisition financing, changes in fair value of convertible preferred stock warrant liability, certain stock option compensation expenses, and taxes, as well as adjustments to the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding. In addition, these transactions also include pre-tax adjustments related to non-recurring charges totalling $55,239,000 incurred between the third quarter of 2016 and the second quarter of 2017. The non-recurring transactions include certain acquisition-related and financing costs, stock option compensation expenses, and severance costs, together with the related income tax recovery.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information does not purport to represent what the Company’s results of operations or financial condition would have been had the IronPlanet acquisition and related transactions occurred on the dates indicated, and it does not purport to project the Company’s results of operations or financial condition for any future period or as of any future date.

	Three months ended					Nine months ended
	September 30,					September 30,
	2017		2016			2017		2016
Revenue	$	141,047	$	153,817		$	481,076	$	503,711
Net income (loss)		10,323		(9,583	)		57,491		2,089
Basic earnings (loss) per share		0.10		(0.09	)		0.54		0.00
Diluted earnings (loss) per share		0.09		(0.09	)		0.53		0.00

The unaudited pro forma net loss for the third quarter of 2016 includes an impairment loss on the EquipmentOne reporting unit goodwill of $23,574,000 and a pre-tax impairment loss on the EquipmentOne reporting unit customer relationships of $4,669,000.

The pro forma financial information included in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 previously filed on August 8, 2017, has been adjusted as per the table below. The adjustments correct a mechanical computation error in determining pro forma net income. The adjustments resulted in an increase to net income by $2,844,000 and $3,343,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, and an increase to net income by $3,618,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and a decrease to net income by $16,702,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2016. There were related adjustments to the basic and diluted earnings per share. There was no adjustment to revenues as reported. These adjustments have no impact on the consolidated balance sheets, consolidated income statements, or the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

22. Business combinations (continued)

(a)

IronPlanet acquisition (continued)

Contributed revenue and net income (continued)

	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Revenue	$	185,485	$	187,089	$	340,029	$	349,893
Net income		28,619		32,021		47,168		11,671
Basic earnings per share		0.27		0.29		0.44		0.10
Diluted earnings per share		0.26		0.29		0.43		0.10

Transactions recognized separately from the acquisition of assets and assumptions of liabilities

Acquisition-related costs

Expenses totalling $32,591,000 for legal fees, stock option compensation expense, and other acquisition-related costs are included in the consolidated income statement for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

(b)

Kramer acquisition

On November 15, 2016 (the “Kramer Acquisition Date”), the Company purchased the assets of Kramer Auctions Ltd. for cash consideration of Canadian dollar 15,300,000 ($11,361,000) comprised of Canadian dollar 15,000,000 ($11,138,000) paid at acquisition date and Canadian dollar 300,000 ($223,000) deferred payments over three years. In addition to cash consideration, consideration of up to Canadian dollar 2,500,000 ($1,856,000) is contingent on Kramer achieving certain operating performance targets over the three-year period following acquisition. Kramer is a leading Canadian agricultural auction company with exceptionally strong customer relationships in central Canada. This acquisition is expected to significantly strengthen Ritchie Bros.’ penetration of Canada’s agricultural sector and add key talent to our Canadian Agricultural sales and operations team.

The acquisition was accounted for in accordance with ASC 805 Business Combinations. The assets acquired were recorded at their estimated fair values at the Kramer Acquisition Date. Goodwill of $6,822,000 was calculated as the fair value of consideration over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired.

Kramer provisional purchase price allocation

	November 15, 2016
Purchase price	$	11,138
Deferred purchase note consideration		223
Fair value of contingent consideration		538
Total fair value at Petrowsky Acquisition Date		11,899

Assets acquired:
Property, plant and equipment	$	399
Intangible assets ~		4,678
Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired		5,077
Goodwill acquired on acquisition	$	6,822

~ Consists of customer relationships and trade names with estimated useful lives of 10 and three years, respectively.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

22. Business combinations (continued)

(b)

Kramer acquisition (continued)

Kramer provisional purchase price allocation (continued)

The amounts included in the Kramer provisional purchase price allocation are preliminary in nature and are subject to adjustment as additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the Kramer Acquisition Date. The final determination of the fair values of certain assets and liabilities will be completed within the measurement period of up to one year from the Kramer Acquisition Date. Adjustments to the preliminary values during the measurement period will be recorded in the operating results of the period in which the adjustments are determined. Changes to the amounts recorded as assets and liabilities will result in a corresponding adjustment to goodwill.

Assets acquired

At the date of acquisition, the Company determined the fair value of the assets acquired using appropriate valuation techniques.

Goodwill

Kramer is a highly complementary business that will broaden the Company’s base in the agriculture sector in Canada, one of the main drivers generating goodwill.

Contingent consideration

At the date of acquisition, the maximum contingent consideration of Canadian dollar 2,500,000 ($1,856,000) was fair valued at Canadian dollar 725,000 ($538,000). The contingent consideration is based on the cumulative revenue growth during a three-year period ending November 15, 2019. The liability is remeasured on each reporting date at its estimated fair value, which is determined using actual results up to the reporting date and forecasted results over the remainder of the performance period. Changes in the fair value are recognized in other income or expense in the consolidated income statement, as applicable. At September 30, 2017, the Company did not recognize a liability as the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration was nil (December 31, 2016: Canadian dollar 725,000 ($538,000)). In the three and nine months ending September 30, 2017 the Company recognized other income of $626,000 and $620,000, respectively associated with the change in fair value.

Transactions recognized separately from the acquisition of assets and assumptions of liabilities

Acquisition-related costs

Expenses totalling $429,000 for continuing employment costs and other acquisition-related costs are included in the consolidated income statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Employee compensation in exchange for continued services

The Company may pay an additional amount not exceeding Canadian dollar 1,000,000 ($743,000) over a three-year period based on the continuing employment of four key leaders of Kramer with the Company.

(c)

Petrowsky acquisition

On August 1, 2016 (the “Petrowsky Acquisition Date”), the Company acquired the assets of Petrowsky for cash consideration of $6,250,000. An additional $750,000 was paid for the retention of certain key employees. In addition to cash consideration, consideration of up to $3,000,000 is contingent on Petrowsky achieving certain revenue growth targets over the three-year period following acquisition. Based in North Franklin, Connecticut, Petrowsky caters largely to equipment sellers in the construction and transportation industries. Petrowsky also serves customers selling assets in the underground utility, waste recycling, marine, and commercial real estate industries. The business operates one permanent auction site, in North Franklin, which will continue to hold auctions, and also specializes in off-site auctions held on the land of the consignor.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

22. Business combinations (continued)

(c)

Petrowsky acquisition (continued)

The acquisition was accounted for in accordance with ASC 805 Business Combinations. The assets acquired were recorded at their estimated fair values at the Petrowsky Acquisition Date. Goodwill of $4,308,000 was calculated as the fair value of consideration over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired.

Petrowsky purchase price allocation

	August 1, 2016
Purchase price	$	6,250
Fair value of contingent consideration		1,433
Total fair value at Petrowsky Acquisition Date		7,683

Assets acquired:
Property, plant and equipment	$	441
Intangible assets ~		2,934
Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired		3,375
Goodwill acquired on acquisition	$	4,308

~Consists of customer relationships with estimated useful lives of 10 years.

Assets acquired and liabilities assumed

At the date of the acquisition, the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities acquired approximated their fair values, except customer relationships, whose fair value was determined using appropriate valuation techniques.

Goodwill

Petrowsky is a highly complementary business that will broaden the Company’s base of equipment sellers, one of the main drivers generating goodwill. Petrowsky’s sellers are primarily in the construction and transportation industries, which are also well aligned with the Company’s sector focus.

Contingent consideration

As part of the acquisition, contingent consideration of up to $3,000,000 is payable to Petrowsky if certain revenue growth targets are achieved. The contingent consideration is based on the cumulative revenue growth during a three-year period ending July 31, 2019. The liability is remeasured on each reporting date at its estimated fair value, which is determined using actual results up to the reporting date and forecasted results over the remainder of the performance period. Changes in the fair value are recognized in other income or expense in the consolidated income statement, as applicable. In the three and nine months ending September 30, 2017, the Company recognized other income of nil and $1,457,000, respectively, associated with the change in fair value. At September 30, 2017, the Company did not recognize a liability as the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration was nil (December 31, 2016: $1,433,000).

Transactions recognized separately from the acquisition of assets and assumptions of liabilities

Acquisition-related costs

Expenses totalling $557,000 for continuing employment and other acquisition-related costs are included in the condensed consolidated income statement for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

22. Business combinations (continued)

(c)

Petrowsky acquisition (continued)

Transactions recognized separately from the acquisition of assets and assumptions of liabilities (continued)

Employee compensation in exchange for continued services

As noted above, $750,000 was paid on the Petrowsky Acquisition Date in exchange for the continuing services of certain key employees. In addition, the Company may pay an amount not exceeding $1,000,000 over a three-year period, payable in equal annual installments, on the anniversary date of the acquisition based on the founder of Petrowsky’s continuing employment with the Company. The Company paid $333,000 in this regard during the three months ended September 30, 2017.

(d)

Mascus acquisition

On February 19, 2016 (the “Mascus Acquisition Date”), the Company acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of Mascus for cash consideration of €26,553,000 ($29,580,000). In addition to cash consideration, consideration of up to €3,198,000 ($3,563,000) of which, €1,215,000 ($1,302,000) has been paid, is contingent on Mascus achieving certain operating performance targets over the three-year period following acquisition. Mascus is based in Amsterdam and provides an online equipment listing service for used heavy machines and trucks. The acquisition expands the breadth and depth of equipment disposition and management solutions the Company can offer its customers.

The acquisition was accounted for in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values at the Mascus Acquisition Date. Goodwill of $19,664,000 was calculated as the fair value of consideration over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired.

Mascus purchase price allocation

	February 19, 2016
Purchase price	$	29,580
Fair value of contingent consideration		3,431
Non-controlling interests ⁽¹⁾		596
Total fair value at Mascus Acquisition Date		33,607

Fair value of assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,457
Trade and other receivables		1,290
Prepaid expenses		528
Property, plant and equipment		104
Intangible assets ⁽²⁾		14,817

Fair value of liabilities assumed:
Trade and other payables		1,533
Other non-current liabilities		37
Deferred tax liabilities		2,683
Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired		13,943
Goodwill acquired on acquisition	$	19,664

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

22. Business combinations (continued)

(d)

Mascus acquisition (continued)

Mascus purchase price allocation (continued)

(1)

The Company acquired 100% of Mascus and within the Mascus group of entities there were two subsidiaries that were not wholly-owned, one domiciled in the United States and one domiciled in Denmark. As such, the Company acquired non-controlling interests. The fair value of each non-controlling interest was determined using an income approach based on cash flows of the respective entities that were attributable to the non-controlling interest. On May 27, 2016, Ritchie Bros. Holdings (America) Inc. acquired the remaining issued and outstanding shares of the Mascus subsidiary domiciled in the United States for cash consideration of $226,000.

(2)

Intangible assets consist of customer relationships with estimated useful lives of 17 years, indefinite-lived trade names, and software assets with estimated useful lives of five years.

Goodwill

The main drivers generating goodwill are the anticipated synergies from (1) the Company's core auction expertise and transactional capabilities to Mascus' existing customer base, and (2) Mascus' providing existing technology to the Company's current customer base. Other factors generating goodwill include the acquisition of Mascus' assembled work force and their associated technical expertise.

Contingent consideration

At the date of acquisition, the maximum contingent consideration of €3,198,000 ($3,563,000) was fair valued at €3,080,000 ($3,431,000). The consideration is contingent upon the achievement of certain operating performance targets during the three-year period following acquisition and is due in three instalments, each occurring after the end of the respective 12-month performance period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 after having achieved certain first performance period targets, the Company made the first instalment payment of €1,215,000 ($1,302,000). The remaining liability is remeasured on each reporting date at its estimated fair value, which is determined using actual results up to the reporting date and forecasted results over the remainder of the performance period. Changes in the fair value are recognized in other income or expense in the consolidated income statement, as applicable. At September 30, 2017 the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration was €1,608,000 ($1,900,000) (December 31, 2016: €3,080,000 ($3,431,000)). During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 the Company recognized €178,000 ($193,000) in other income associated with the change in fair value.

Transactions recognized separately from the acquisition of assets and assumptions of liabilities

Acquisition-related costs

Expenses totalling $426,000 for continuing employments costs and other acquisition-related costs are included in the condensed consolidated income statement for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (2016: $1,450,000).

Employee compensation in exchange for continued services

The Company may pay additional amounts not exceeding €1,625,000 ($1,849,000) over a three-year period ending February 19, 2019 based on key employees’ continuing employment with Mascus. The Company paid €393,000 ($419,000) in this regard during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Ritchie Bros.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Tabular amounts expressed in thousands of United States dollars, except where noted)

(Unaudited)

23. Contingently redeemable non-controlling interest in Ritchie Bros. Financial Services

Until July 12, 2016, the Company held a 51% interest in RBFS, an entity that provides loan origination services to enable the Company’s auction customers to obtain financing from third party lenders.

The Company and the NCI holders each held options pursuant to which the Company could acquire, or be required to acquire, the NCI holders’ 49% interest in RBFS. On July 12, 2016, the Company completed its acquisition of the NCI. On that date, the Company acquired the NCI holders’ 49% interest in RBFS for total consideration of 57,900,000 Canadian dollars ($44,141,000).

Ritchie Bros.

ITEM 2:

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

About Us

Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated (“Ritchie Bros.”, the “Company”, “we”, or “us”) (NYSE & TSX: RBA) is a world leader in asset management and disposition of used industrial equipment and other durable assets, selling $3.2 billion of used equipment and other assets during the first nine months of 2017. Our expertise, unprecedented global reach, market insight, and trusted portfolio of brands provide us with a unique position in the used equipment market. We primarily sell used equipment for our customers through live, unreserved auctions at 45 auction sites worldwide, which are simulcast online to reach a global bidding audience. On May 31, 2017, we completed our acquisition of IronPlanet Holdings, Inc. (“IronPlanet”), a leading online marketplace for heavy equipment and other durable assets. Between its inception in 1999 and 2016, IronPlanet sold over $5 billion of used heavy equipment online and registered more than 1.5 million users worldwide. These complementary used equipment brand solutions, together with EquipmentOne, an online-only used equipment marketplace we launched in 2013, provide different value propositions to equipment owners and allow us to meet the needs and preferences of a wide spectrum of equipment sellers and buyers. In the past three years, we have also added a private brokerage service (Ritchie Bros. Private Treaty) and an online listing service (Mascus).

Through our unreserved auctions, online marketplaces, and private brokerage services, we sell a broad range of used and unused equipment, including earthmoving equipment, truck trailers, government surplus, oil and gas equipment and other industrial assets. Construction and heavy machinery comprise the majority of the equipment sold through our multiple brand solutions. Customers selling equipment through our sales channels include end users (such as construction companies), equipment dealers, original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and other equipment owners (such as rental companies). Our customers participate in a variety of sectors, including heavy construction, transportation, agriculture, energy, and mining.

We operate globally with locations in more than 20 countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, United Arab Emirates, and the Netherlands, and employ more than 2,100 full time employees worldwide.

On May 15, 2012, we purchased AssetNation, an online marketplace and solutions provider for surplus and salvage assets based in the United States. Leveraging AssetNation’s technology and e-commerce expertise, we commercially launched our online marketplace, EquipmentOne, in early 2013.

On November 4, 2015, we acquired a 75% interest in Xcira LLC (“Xcira”), a proven leader in simulcast auction technology that provides a seamless customer experience for online bidding at live on site auctions. Through this acquisition, we secured Xcira’s bidding technology, which represents a significant and growing portion of all bidding conducted at our auctions.

On February 19, 2016, we acquired 100% of the equity interests in Mascus International Holding B.V. (“Mascus”). Mascus is based in Amsterdam and operates a global online listing service to advertise equipment and other assets for sale. Unlike other sales channels offered by Ritchie Bros., Mascus currently does not process transactions through its website; rather, sales facilitated through Mascus are conducted directly between the seller and buyer.

On July 12, 2016, we acquired the remaining minority interest of Ritchie Bros. Financial Services (“RBFS”), providing us with full ownership of this growing business. RBFS provides financing and leasing options to equipment purchasers, as a brokerage business, through several bank relationships. RBFS does not leverage our balance sheet for the loans it originates.

On August 1, 2016, we acquired Petrowsky Auctioneers (“Petrowsky”), a leading regional industrial auctioneer in the Northern United States. Similar to Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers, Petrowsky offers live on site and simulcast live online auctions.

Ritchie Bros.

On November 15, 2016, we acquired substantially all the assets of Kramer Auctions Ltd. and Kramer Auctions — Real Estate Division Inc. (together, ‘‘Kramer’’), a Canadian agricultural auction company with strong customer relationships in central Canada. Operating for more than 65 years, Kramer operates in Saskatchewan, Alberta and Manitoba as a premier agricultural auctioneer, offering both on-the-farm and live on site auctions for customers selling equipment, livestock and real-estate in the agricultural sector.

On May 31, 2017, we completed the acquisition of a 100% interest in IronPlanet (the “Merger”) pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger we entered into on August 29, 2016. IronPlanet operates online and event-based equipment auctions under a number of brands, which are discussed in more detail below.

Our alliance with Caterpillar Inc. (“Caterpillar”), pursuant to the Strategic Alliance and Remarketing Agreement (the “Alliance”) that we entered into on August 29, 2016, became effective upon the consummation of the Merger on May 31, 2017. As discussed in more detail below, under the Alliance, we became Caterpillar's preferred global partner for live on site and online auctions for used Caterpillar equipment.

Our Service Offering

We offer equipment sellers and buyers multiple distinct, complementary, multi-channel brand solutions that address the range of customer needs. Our global customer base has a variety of transaction options, breadth of services, and the widest selection of used equipment available to them. The channels and formats with which our customers may choose to dispose and/or buy equipment based on their individual needs are illustrated in the tables below.

Auctions and Marketplaces

Channels	Brand Solutions	Description of Offering
Live On Site Auctions		n Live unreserved on site with live simulcast online auctions
		n Event-based sales of used construction and heavy equipment held in the Caterpillar dealer geographies
		n Event-based sales of used energy equipment
Online Auctions and Marketplaces		n Online marketplace for selling and buying used equipment
		n Online marketplace offering multiple price and timing options
		n Online marketplace for the sale of government and military assets
		n Online truck and trailer marketplace
Brokerage Service		n Confidential, negotiated sales

Ritchie Bros.

Other Services

Channels	Brand Solutions	Description of Offering
Financial Service		n Loan origination service that uses a brokerage model to match loan applicants with appropriate financial lending institutions
Appraisal Service		n Unbiased, certified appraisal services, as well as truck and lease return inspection services
Online Listing Service		n Online equipment listing service and B2B dealer portal
Ancillary Services		n Repair, paint, and other make-ready services
Logistical Service		n End-to-end transportation and customs clearance solution for sellers and buyers with shipping needs

Overview

The following discussion and analysis summarizes significant factors affecting our consolidated operating results and financial condition for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth in “Part II, Item 1A: Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in “Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, which is available on our website at www.rbauction.com, on EDGAR at www.sec.gov, or on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in “Part I, Item 1: Consolidated Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following discussion should also be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. None of the information on our website, EDGAR, or SEDAR is incorporated by reference into this document by this or any other reference.

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”). Except for GTV – which is a measure of operational performance and not a measure of financial performance, liquidity, or revenue – the amounts discussed below are based on our consolidated financial statements and are presented in United States (“U.S.”) dollars. Unless indicated otherwise, all tabular dollar amounts, including related footnotes, presented below are expressed in thousands of dollars.

We reference various non-GAAP financial and performance measures throughout this discussion and analysis. These measures do not have a standardized meaning and are, therefore, unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies.

Ritchie Bros.

Strategy Update

Our strategy is to become a more diversified, multichannel marketplace that offers a full range of asset management and disposition solutions, all on a greater scale that will provide even more choice to customers. We are executing a transformation of our business and the industry that is being driven by our technology, data, and solutions. The following discussion highlights and describes our strategic drivers, Grow, Drive, and Optimize, and provides a post-merger integration update within each applicable section. Our integration activities began in the latter part of the second quarter of 2017, following the closing of the Merger with IronPlanet and, overall, we are currently progressing as expected through our multi-year plan of integration activities and milestones.

GROW Revenues and Net Income

Over the last several years, we have undertaken a meaningful strategic transformation, through both organic and acquisitive growth initiatives, to broaden our service offering and the value propositions we provide to different segments of the used asset and equipment market. The Merger with IronPlanet positions us to accelerate this strategy and take positive and meaningful steps towards meeting our strategic objectives.

The Merger is a transformative transaction that is helping us expand our equipment sales platform to better serve customers globally by enabling customers with varying preferences to choose from a variety of auction formats. We believe the Merger with IronPlanet:

•

Offers a superior customer experience

•

Accelerates growth

•

Strengthens relationships with OEMs and dealers;

Caterpillar strategic alliance – the Alliance – which is for an initial period of five years, took effect during the third quarter of 2017. Under the Alliance, we became Caterpillar's preferred global partner for live on site and online auctions for used equipment, which we expect will contribute to our growth. We will provide Caterpillar and its dealers with access to proprietary, global auction and marketplace platforms, software, and other value-added services, which enhance the exchange of information and services between customers, dealers, and suppliers. When requested, we will coordinate and manage Cat® Auctions in the respective dealer geographies.

•

Builds on the power of the Ritchie Bros. existing global platform

•

Enhances digital and technology capabilities

We are committed to pursuing growth initiatives that will further enhance our sector reach, drive geographic depth, meet a broader set of customer needs, and add scale to our operations. These growth initiatives include:

•

Increasing customer penetration and overall market share through the network effect of our combined solution selling platform

•

Expanding IronPlanet internationally

•

Growing the Cat® Auctions brand, combined with the Alliance

•

Increasing access and penetration of growth sectors such as government surplus and energy

•

Continuing expansion of our Private Treaty capability

•

Expanding our financial services business, RBFS, into other geographies and to a broader customer base accessible through brand solutions, such as IronPlanet, that we gained with the Merger

Notable integration activities that contributed to our GROW strategy in the quarter included:

•

Expanding RBFS to the customer base accessible through the brand solutions we gained with the Merger

•

Expanding the Alliance, including tools and data available as a result

•

Expanding our government business in the United Kingdom

•

Launching IronPlanet in Australia

Ritchie Bros.

DRIVE Efficiencies and Effectiveness

We are committed to driving efficiencies and effectiveness by:

•

Improving sales productivity through consistent go-to-market processes

•

Modernizing legacy systems

•

Scaling the business and leveraging multi-channel opportunities

•

Targeting operating expense growth lower than revenue growth

We continue to evaluate the returns generated at each of our permanent and regional auction sites we operate to assess whether each site and related site capital investments are generating returns that meet predetermined targets. During the first nine months of 2017, we terminated our lease in Panama and began exploring alternative future uses of our auction site land and buildings in Japan beyond a sale of the property.

The Merger impacted our auction site assessment, providing additional opportunities to optimize our auction sites. As a point of reference, in 2016, approximately 20% of IronPlanet’s revenues were driven from event-based auctions. We are undertaking efforts to optimize channel strategies that could eliminate duplicative event-based auctions, enhance equipment offerings at event-based auctions, and maximize auction channels.

Notable integration activities that contributed to our DRIVE strategy in the quarter included:

•

Completing IronPlanet and Ritchie Bros. customer integration

•

Integrating IronPlanet pricing tools and SalesHub

•

Launching our Activity Tracking System on our Ritchie Bros. website

•

Integrating IronPlanet and Ritchie Bros.’ employee performance management processes

Completing the first phase of the technology integration – The Sales Unification Phase. This phase provides our teams with the ability to sell across platforms and integrate pricing and appraisal tools.

Commencing work on the second phase of the technology integration – The Enhanced Buyer Experience Phase. This phase will allow customers to search and find equipment across our websites and view their transaction history through single logon identification functionality. With the functionality, our customer will have a single point of entry, enabling listing and transaction visibility across our entire marketplace. This will give our buyers a true multichannel solution and access to our combined selection of equipment. We will also combine our platform solution offerings, which will enable our sellers to manage their assets across a multichannel listing and disposition solution. Customers will also benefit from a new contract that allows them to utilize our multiple channels with a single contract.

Over time, we will also complete the third phase of the technology integration – The Operations Optimization Phase. This involves integrating our auction administration systems with real-time data and optimized workflow, leading to common processes and opportunities for further synergies.

OPTIMIZE our Balance Sheet

We will optimize our balance sheet by:

•

Increasing cashflow from operating activities

•

Targeting net capital spend at less than 10% of revenue

•

Focusing on IT systems to optimize business processes and reduce costs

•

Managing debt levels while returning cash via ongoing dividends

Ritchie Bros.

Key Metric Changes

In the third quarter of 2017, we updated our segment reporting to reflect changes in how we manage and evaluate the business operations. This change was driven by the Merger and the growth of our services that do not generate Gross Transaction Value¹ (“GTV”). Our new segmented information disclosure distinguishes between revenues and expenses generated from transactional asset disposition services, which are services that generate GTV, and those that do not generate GTV. GTV replaces the previous term of Gross Auction Proceeds (“GAP”) used by Ritchie Bros. and Gross Merchandise Volume (“GMV”) used by IronPlanet, providing a common nomenclature across all channels.

With the change in segment reporting, we updated our GTV and Revenue Rate key metrics. GTV represents the total proceeds from all items sold in conjunction with our Auctions and Marketplaces segment. We have retrospectively restated GTV to exclude GTV from our Asset Appraisal Services (“AAS”) business. GTV attributable to AAS was $8.0 million during the third quarter of 2017 and $3.1 million during the second quarter of 2017. In addition, effective August 1, 2017, GTV no longer includes EquipmentOne buyer’s premiums. Excluding AAS GTV and EquipmentOne buyer’s premiums has a less than 1% impact on GTV reported to date.

We also introduced a segment Revenue Rate, which is calculated as Auctions and Marketplaces segment revenue divided by GTV. When referring to the original Revenue Rate metric, which is calculated as total, consolidated revenues divided by GTV, we will use the term ‘Consolidated Revenue Rate’.

Consolidated Financial Highlights

During the quarter, we generated $141.0 million of revenues, an increase of 9% versus the same quarter last year with $10.3 million of net income attributable to stockholders. Diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) attributable to stockholders was $0.09 including $3.6 million of acquisition-related costs and $10.6 million of interest expense, compared to a diluted loss per share attributable to stockholders of $0.05 in the third quarter of 2016.

GTV of $1,019.3 million, a 2% increase compared to the third quarter of 2016

Consolidated Revenue Rate of 13.84%, a 94-basis point increase from the third quarter of 2016

Auctions and Marketplaces segment revenues up 8% with segment Revenue Rate up 66 basis points (“bps”) to 12.78% versus third quarter 2016

Revenues from other services of $10.8 million; an increase of 39% compared to the third quarter of 2016

$97.2 million of net cash provided by operating activities through the first nine months of 2017

Declared quarterly dividend of $0.17 per common share

GTV represents total proceeds from all items sold at our auctions and online marketplaces. GTV is not a measure of financial performance, liquidity, or revenue, and is not presented in our consolidated financial statements.

Ritchie Bros.

Results of Operations

Third Quarter Update

Financial overview	Three months ended September 30,
							$ Change			% Change
(in U.S. $000's, except EPS)	2017			2016			2017 over 2016			2017 over 2016
Revenues	$	141,047		$	128,876		$	12,171			9	%
Costs of services, excluding depreciation and amortization		19,583			14,750			4,833			33	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses		85,335			68,293			17,042			25	%
Acquisition-related costs		3,587			5,398			(1,811	)		(34	)%
Depreciation and amortization expenses		14,837			10,196			4,641			46	%
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment		(42	)		(570	)		528			(93	)%
Impairment loss		-			28,243			(28,243	)		(100	)%
Foreign exchange loss		816			281			535			190	%
Operating income		16,931			2,285			14,646			641	%
Operating income margin		12.0	%		1.8	%		n/a			1020	bps
Other expense		(9,966	)		(105	)		(9,861	)		9391	%
Income tax expense (recovery)		(3,358	)		7,180			(10,538	)		(147	)%
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders		10,261			(5,137	)		15,398			300	%
Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to stockholders	$	0.09		$	(0.05	)	$	0.14			280	%
Effective tax rate		-48.2	%		329.4	%		n/a			-37760	bps
GTV	$	1,019,322		$	998,859		$	20,463			2	%
Consolidated Revenue Rate		13.84	%		12.90	%		n/a			94	bps
Auctions and Marketplaces segment:
Revenues		130,242			121,111			9,131			8	%
Revenue Rate		12.78	%		12.12	%		n/a			66	bps

Consolidated results

Revenues and Consolidated Revenue Rate

Our revenues are comprised of:

commissions earned at our auctions where we act as an agent for consignors of equipment and other assets, as well as commissions on online marketplace sales; and

Ritchie Bros.

Revenues increased $12.2 million, or 9%, in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016. This increase is primarily due to the performance of live on site auction activities in Europe and Australia, as well as the Merger and increases in revenues from other value-added services, including RBFS. Unaudited pro forma revenues decreased 8% from $153.8 million in the third quarter of 2016 to $141.0 million in the third quarter of 2017.

Consolidated Revenue Rate increased from 12.90% for the third quarter of 2016 to 13.84% for the third quarter of 2017. Approximately 66 basis points of the 94-basis point increase in Consolidated Revenue Rate is due to a higher Auctions and Marketplaces segment Revenue Rate, while the remaining 28 basis point increase in Consolidated Revenue Rate is due to a higher percentage of revenues from our non-transactional services.

The distribution of our revenues across the geographic regions in which we operate was as follows, where the geographic location of revenues corresponds to the location in which the sale occurred, or in the case of online sales, where the company earning the revenues is incorporated:

Revenue distribution	Canada			Outside of Canada			United States			Europe			Other
Three months ended September 30, 2017		24	%		76	%		55	%		11	%		10	%
Three months ended September 30, 2016		28	%		72	%		56	%		8	%		8	%

On a U.S. dollar basis, the proportion of revenue earned in the Europe grew in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016 primarily due to our live on site auction activities in that region and the growth of our Mascus brand. The increase in revenues from other geographic regions in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016 is primarily due to growth of our live on site auction activities in Australia.

Costs of services

Costs of services are comprised of expenses incurred in direct relation to conducting auctions (“direct expenses”), earning online marketplace revenues, and earning other fee revenues. Direct expenses include direct labour, buildings and facilities charges, and travel, advertising and promotion costs. Typically, agricultural auctions and auctions located in frontier regions are costlier than auctions held at our permanent and regional auction sites as they do not benefit from economies of scale and frequency.

Costs of services incurred to earn online marketplace revenues include inspection costs, facilities costs, and inventory management, referral, sampling, and appraisal fees. Costs of services incurred in earning other fee revenues include direct labour (including commissions on sales), software maintenance fees, and materials. Costs of services exclude depreciation and amortization (“D&A”) expenses.

Costs of services increased $4.8 million, or 33%, in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016. This increase is primarily due to costs associated with the growth in our inspection and appraisal activities because of the Merger, as well as an increase in the number of agricultural auctions over the comparative period.

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses

SG&A expenses increased $17.0 million, or 25%, in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016. This increase is primarily due to the Merger, including increased headcount, travel costs, and search engine fees associated with our online marketplace channel, as well as merit increases and higher bank fees attributable to our new credit facility.

Ritchie Bros.

Segment Performance

Auctions and Marketplaces reportable segment

(in U.S. $000's)	Three months ended September 30,
							$ Change			% Change
	2017			2016			2017 over 2016			2017 over 2016
Revenues	$	130,242		$	121,111		$	9,131			8	%
Costs of services, excluding D&A		(18,383	)		(14,493	)		(3,890	)		27	%
SG&A expenses		(81,964	)		(65,346	)		(16,618	)		25	%
Impairment loss		-			(28,243	)		28,243			(100	)%
Segment profit	$	29,895		$	13,029		$	16,866			129	%

Used equipment market update

Our Auction and Marketplace businesses are influenced by certain market forces of the used equipment market, particularly with regards to supply, age of equipment and pricing.

Supply volume

During the first nine months of 2017, we experienced used equipment market supply volume pressure, particularly in the United States and Western Canada. High levels of construction activity in the United States resulted in owners holding onto their equipment, rental business utilization reaching peak levels, and various dealers being understock and dealing with long lead times between placing orders with OEMs and production of the new equipment. Our customers are also experiencing longer lead times for new equipment production by OEMs. We believe these supply volume constraints negatively impacted GTV and the volume of underwritten commission contracts over the comparative period.

Age of equipment

With owners and dealers utilizing and/or holding onto their equipment in response to the macro-economic conditions discussed above, we saw a deterioration in the overall age of equipment coming to market relative to recent years. We observed increases in the age of equipment across all asset sectors and geographies. All other things being equal, older equipment sells for lower prices and reduces the commission-based revenue we earn.

Pricing

Overall, we saw improvement in used equipment market pricing during 2017, a continuation of the marginal improvement that we first observed during the second half of 2016. This pricing performance varied among asset sectors and geographies.

Construction assets continued to perform well during 2017, with late model equipment experiencing the most pricing improvement, representative of the tightening equipment supply in North America and increased demand for used equipment. Transportation assets rebounded slightly from 2016, with lower mileage truck tractors experiencing the most lift. Agricultural equipment experienced some pricing weakness in the United States during 2017. Some oil and gas equipment continued to experience the price improvement that we first noted in the second quarter of 2017, indicating that oil and gas equipment pricing may have bottomed in the second half of 2016.

Regionally, North America continued to be our strongest geographical region for equipment values during 2017, responding most favorably to changes in commodity pricing and the overall economic environment. Beginning in the third quarter of 2017, we are also seeing improved pricing in our European operations.

Ritchie Bros.

Gross Transaction Value

We use GTV to measure the performance of our Auctions and Marketplaces segment. The following table presents GTV by channel:

(in U.S. $000's)	Three months ended September 30,
	2017					2016					$ Change			% Change
	Total GTV		% of total			Total GTV		% of total			2017 over 2016			2017 over 2016
Live on site auctions	$	834,388		82	%	$	956,723		96	%	$	(122,335	)		(13	)%
Online auctions and marketplaces		184,934		18	%		42,136		4	%		142,798			339	%
GTV	$	1,019,322		100	%	$	998,859		100	%	$	20,463			2	%

GTV increased $20.5 million, or 2%, in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016. The increase in GTV is primarily due to the Merger and the resulting increase in online marketplace GTV, as well as a positive impact of foreign exchange rates over the comparative period. Approximately 82% of third quarter 2017 GTV was generated from live on site auctions and 18% from online marketplaces, compared to 96% and 4% respectively for the third quarter of 2016.

Our live on site auction GTV declined primarily due to a decrease in the number of industrial and agricultural auction lots in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016. The total number of lots decreased 7% to 92,000 in the third quarter of 2017 from 98,500 in the third quarter of 2016. We believe the decrease in number of lots was primarily driven by constrained supply on used equipment, as well as some lower sales productivity as we complete the integration of our sales teams post-Merger. The decrease in lots was partially offset by a 9% increase in industrial and agricultural auction GTV per lot from $9,700 per lot in the third quarter of 2016 to $10,600 per lot in the third quarter of 2017.

During the third quarter of 2017, we continued to actively pursue the use of underwritten commission contracts from a strategic perspective, and when the opportunity arose, only entered such contracts when the risk/reward profile of the terms were agreeable. The volume of underwritten commission contracts decreased to 18% of our GTV in the third quarter of 2017 from 27% in the third quarter of 2016, primarily due to the pressure on used equipment market supply volume. The tight supply of used equipment, coupled with improved pricing, resulted in less seller interest in underwritten commission contracts. Straight commission contracts continue to account for the majority of our GTV.

Revenue and segment Revenue Rate

As this segment revenue is generated from transactional asset disposition services, we believe that these revenues are best understood by considering their relationship to GTV. Therefore, in the third quarter of 2017 we introduced the metric Auctions and Maketplaces segment Revenue Rate, which is calculated as segment revenue divided by GTV.

Segment revenues by geographical region and segment Revenue Rate are presented below:

(in U.S. $000's)	Three months ended September 30,
							$ Change			% Change
	2017			2016			2017 over 2016			2017 over 2016
United States	$	74,097		$	69,938		$	4,159			6	%
Canada		29,367			32,320			(2,953	)		(9	)%
International		26,778			18,853			7,925			42	%
Segment revenues	$	130,242		$	121,111		$	9,131			8	%

GTV	$	1,019,322		$	998,859		$	20,463			2	%
Segment Revenue Rate		12.78	%		12.12	%		n/a			66	bps

Ritchie Bros.

Changes in segment revenues in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016 were primarily due to:

United States – 6% increase primarily due to the Merger, partially offset by the decrease in GTV in that region, which was primarily driven by constrained supply on used equipment, as well as some lower sales productivity as we complete the integration of our sales teams post-Merger.

Canada – 9% decrease primarily due to decreases in GTV in that region, which were primarily driven by continued pressure on used equipment market supply volume, and most significantly in Western Canada where we continued to see fewer disposals of oil and gas assets as a result of commodity price improvements.

International – 42% increase primarily due to live on site auction activities in Europe and Australia, as well as the Merger.

Segment Revenue Rate grew from 12.12% in the third quarter of 2016 to 12.78% in the third quarter of 2017, primarily due to the Merger, which resulted in higher buyer transaction and listing fees from our online marketplace channel. Our historical segment Revenue Rates are presented in the graph below:

Costs of services

Segment costs of services by nature and as a percentage of GTV are presented below:

(in U.S. $000's)	Three months ended September 30,
							$ Change		% Change
	2017			2016			2017 over 2016		2017 over 2016
Employee compensation	$	9,296		$	6,517		$	2,779		43	%
Buildings, facilities and technology		1,669			1,511			158		10	%
Travel, advertising and promotion		5,323			4,991			332		7	%
Other costs of services		2,095			1,474			621		42	%
Segment cost of services	$	18,383		$	14,493		$	3,890		27	%

GTV	$	1,019,322		$	998,859		$	20,463		2	%
Segment costs of services as a percentage of GTV		1.80	%		1.45	%		n/a		35	bps

Segment costs of services increased 27% in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016 primarily due to the Merger, which drove the increase in our online marketplace GTV and revenues.

Ritchie Bros.

The increase in online marketplace revenue resulted in an increase in the costs incurred to earn those revenues, which were primarily related to inspection activities. Other costs of services include storage and shipping costs, primarily associated with costs to move equipment off government facilities as part of our GovPlanet channel activities.

The increase in segment costs of services was also due to an increase in the number of live on site agricultural auctions held during the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016. We held 28 unreserved agricultural auctions in the third quarter of 2017, compared to 20 in the third quarter of 2016.

SG&A expenses

Segment SG&A expenses by nature are presented below:

(in U.S. $000's)	Three months ended September 30,
					$ Change			% Change
	2017		2016		2017 over 2016			2017 over 2016
Employee compensation	$	53,218	$	40,272	$	12,946			32	%
Buildings, facilities and technology		13,070		12,102		968			8	%
Travel, advertising and promotion		8,106		6,039		2,067			34	%
Professional fees		3,171		3,484		(313	)		(9	)%
Other SG&A expenses		4,399		3,449		950			28	%
Segment SG&A expenses	$	81,964	$	65,346	$	16,618			25	%

Our segment SG&A expenses increased $16.6 million, or 25%, in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016. The increase is primarily due to the Merger, including increased headcount, travel costs, and search engine fees associated with our online marketplace channel, as well as merit increases and higher bank fees attributable to our new credit facility.

Impairment loss

There was no impairment in the third quarter of 2017. Comparatively, we recognized an impairment loss of $28.2 million on our EquipmentOne goodwill and customer relationships in the third quarter of 2016.

Other services

Our operating segments, RBFS and Mascus, as well as our other non-transactional services, AAS, equipment refurbishing, and Ritchie Bros. Logistical Services (“RBLS”), are reported in the ‘other’ category for segmented information disclosure purposes.

(in U.S. $000's)	Three months ended September 30,
							$ Change			% Change
	2017			2016			2017 over 2016			2017 over 2016
Revenues	$	10,805		$	7,765		$	3,040			39	%
Costs of services, excluding D&A		(1,200	)		(257	)		(943	)		367	%
SG&A expenses		(3,371	)		(2,947	)		(424	)		14	%
Other category profit	$	6,234		$	4,561		$	1,673			37	%

Revenue from other services grew $3.0 million, or 39%, in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016, primarily due to the Merger, which added $1.4 million of AAS revenue in the third quarter of 2017, RBFS, and a 19% increase in Mascus segment revenue from $2.0 million to $2.4 million over the comparative period.

Ritchie Bros.

RBFS operating segment

Funded volume, which represents the amount of lending brokered by RBFS, increased 15% from $56.3 million in the third quarter of 2016 to $65.0 million in the third quarter of 2017. RBFS segment revenues were $3.4 million in the third quarter of 2017, a 20% increase compared to the $2.9 million in the third quarter of 2016. RBFS segment profit increased 9% over the same comparative period to $1.7 million from $1.5 million.

Consolidated results (continued)

Acquisition-related costs

Acquisition-related costs consist of operating expenses directly incurred as part of a business combination, due diligence and integration planning – including those related to the Merger – and continuing employment costs that are recognized separately from our business combinations. Business combination, due diligence, and integration operating expenses include advisory, legal, accounting, valuation, and other professional or consulting fees, and travel and securities filing fees.

Third quarter 2017 and 2016 acquisition-related costs were $3.6 million and $5.4 million, respectively, and consisted primarily of costs associated with the Merger of $2.7 million and $4.5 million, respectively.

Foreign exchange loss

We recognized $0.8 million of transactional foreign exchange losses in the third quarter of 2017, compared to $0.3 million in the third quarter of 2016. Foreign exchange losses and gains are primarily the result of settlement of non-functional currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities.

Operating income

Operating income increased $14.6 million, or 641%, to $16.9 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared to $2.3 million the third quarter of 2016. This improvement was primarily due to the third quarter 2016 impairment loss and higher third quarter 2017 revenues, partially offset by higher third quarter 2017 SG&A expenses, costs of services, and D&A expenses. Adjusted operating income² (non-GAAP measure) decreased 45% to $16.9 million for the third quarter of 2017 compared to $30.5 million for the third quarter of 2016.

Foreign exchange rates did not have a significant impact on operating income in the third quarter of 2017.

Primarily for the same reasons noted above, operating income margin, which is our operating income divided by revenues, increased 1020 bps to 12.0% in the third quarter of 2017 compared to 1.8% in the third quarter of 2016. Adjusted operating income margin³ (non-GAAP measure) decreased 1170 bps to 12.0% in the third quarter of 2017 from 23.7% in the third quarter of 2016.

Adjusted operating income is a non-GAAP measure. We use income statement and balance sheet performance scorecards to align our operations with our strategic priorities. We concentrate on a limited number of metrics to ensure focus and to facilitate quarterly performance discussions. Our income statement scorecard includes the performance metric, adjusted operating income. We believe that comparing adjusted operating income for different financial periods provides useful information about the growth or decline of operating income for the relevant financial period. We calculate adjusted operating income by eliminating from operating income the pre-tax effects of significant non-recurring items that we do not consider to be part of our normal operating results, such as acquisition-related costs, management reorganization costs, severance, retention, gains/losses on sale of certain property, plant and equipment, impairment losses, and certain other items, which we refer to as ‘adjusting items’. Adjusted operating income is reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measures in our consolidated financial statements under “Non-GAAP Measures” below.

Our income statement scorecard includes the performance metric, adjusted operating income margin, which is a non-GAAP measure. We believe that comparing adjusted operating income margin for different financial periods provides useful information about the growth or decline of our operating income for the relevant financial period. We calculate adjusted operating income margin by dividing adjusted operating income (non-GAAP measure) by revenues. Adjusted operating income margin is reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measures in our consolidated financial statements under “Non-GAAP Measures” below.

Ritchie Bros.

Other income (expense)

Other income (expense) is comprised of the following:

(in U.S. $000's)	Three months ended September 30,
							$ Change			% Change
	2017			2016			2017 over 2016			2017 over 2016
Interest income	$	517		$	369		$	148			40	%
Interest expense		(10,558	)		(934	)		(9,624	)		1030	%
Equity income (loss)		(109	)		213			(322	)		(151	)%
Other, net		184			247			(63	)		(26	)%
Other income (expense)	$	(9,966	)	$	(105	)	$	(9,861	)		9391	%

We incurred additional indebtedness to finance the Merger. As of September 30, 2017, our total debt was $826.5 million, compared to $140.6 million as of September 30, 2016. The increase in interest expense is primarily due to our higher debt balances, as well as minimal increases in short-term interest rates.

Income tax expense and effective tax rate

At the end of each interim period, we make our best estimate of the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year. The estimate reflects, among other items, our best estimate of operating results, including the jurisdiction in which income is earned. It does not include the estimated impact of foreign exchange rates or unusual and/or infrequent items, which may cause significant variations in the customary relationship between income tax expense and income before income taxes.

During the third quarter of 2017, we recorded $3.4 million of income tax recovery, compared to a $7.2 million income tax expense in the third quarter of 2016. Our effective tax rate was -48.2% in the third quarter of 2017 compared to 329.4% in the third quarter of 2016. The change from third quarter 2016 income tax expense to third quarter 2017 income tax recovery was primarily due to the lower estimated annual effective tax rate for the full 2017 year, which was caused by a greater proportion of earnings taxed in jurisdictions with lower tax rates, as well as the impact of revised estimates of the tax deductibility of stock option compensation expenses and acquisition-related costs. Also, the comparative period reflected the impact of a non-deductible goodwill impairment loss recorded in the third quarter of 2016.

Net income

Net income attributable to stockholders increased $15.4 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016. This improvement is primarily due to the increase in operating income and decrease in income tax expense, partially offset by the increase in interest expense over the same comparative period. Adjusted net income attributable to stockholders⁴ (non-GAAP measure) decreased 52% to $10.3 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared to $21.3 million in the third quarter of 2016.

⁴

Adjusted net income attributable to stockholders is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe that comparing adjusted net income attributable to stockholders for different financial periods provides useful information about the growth or decline of our net income attributable to stockholders for the relevant financial period, and eliminates the financial impact of adjusting items we do not consider to be part of our normal operating results. Adjusted net income attributable to stockholders represents net income attributable to stockholders excluding the effects of adjusting items and is reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measures in our consolidated financial statements under “Non-GAAP Measures” below.

Ritchie Bros.

Primarily for the same reasons noted above, net income increased $15.3 million, or 306%, in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the third quarter of 2016. Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”)⁵ (non-GAAP measure) decreased 23% to $31.8 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared to $41.2 million in the third quarter of 2016.

Primarily for the same reasons noted above, net income margin, which is our net income divided by our revenues, increased 1120 bps to 7.3% in the third quarter of 2017 from -3.9% in the third quarter of 2016. Adjusted EBITDA margin⁶ (non-GAAP measure) decreased 940 bps to 22.6% in the third quarter of 2017 from 32.0% in the third quarter of 2016.

Diluted EPS

Diluted EPS attributable to stockholders increased to $0.09 in the third quarter of 2017 from a diluted loss per share attributable to stockholders of $0.05 in the third quarter of 2016. This increase is primarily due to the increase in net income attributable to stockholders, partially offset by an increase in the weighted average number of dilutive shares outstanding over the same comparative period. Diluted adjusted EPS attributable to stockholders⁷ (non-GAAP measure) decreased 55% to $0.09 in the third quarter of 2017 from $0.20 in the third quarter of 2016.

⁵

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe provides useful information about the growth or decline of our net income when compared between different financial periods. Adjusted EBITDA was also an element of the performance criteria for certain performance share units that we granted our employees and officers in 2013 and 2014. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated by adding back depreciation and amortization expenses, interest expense, and current income tax expense, and subtracting interest income and deferred income tax recovery from net income excluding the pre-tax effects of adjusting items. Adjusted EBITDA is reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measures in our consolidated financial statements under “Non-GAAP Measures” below.

⁶

Adjusted EBITDA margin is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe provides useful information about the growth or decline of our net income when compared between different financial periods. Adjusted EBITDA margin presents adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP measure) as a multiple of revenues. Adjusted EBITDA margin is reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measures in our consolidated financial statements under “Non-GAAP Measures” below.

⁷

Diluted adjusted EPS attributable to stockholders is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe that comparing diluted adjusted EPS attributable to stockholders for different financial periods provides useful information about the growth or decline of our diluted EPS attributable to stockholders for the relevant financial period, and eliminates the financial impact of adjusting items we do not consider to be part of our normal operating results. Diluted adjusted EPS attributable to stockholders is calculated by dividing adjusted net income attributable to stockholders (non-GAAP measure) (described in footnote 4), net of the effect of dilutive securities, by the weighted average number of dilutive shares outstanding. Diluted adjusted EPS attributable to stockholders is reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measures in our consolidated financial statements under “Non-GAAP Measures” below.

Ritchie Bros.

Year-to-Date Performance

Financial overview	Nine months ended September 30,
							$ Change			Change
(in U.S. $000's, except EPS)	2017			2016			2017 over 2016			2017 over 2016
Revenues	$	431,732		$	419,626		$	12,106			3	%
Costs of services, excluding depreciation and amortization		53,987			49,821			4,166			8	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses		230,287			209,395			20,892			10	%
Acquisition-related costs		35,162			7,198			27,964			388	%
Depreciation and amortization expenses		37,047			30,560			6,487			21	%
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment		(1,071	)		(1,017	)		(54	)		5	%
Impairment loss		8,911			28,243			(19,332	)		(68	)%
Foreign exchange loss (gain)		(7	)		332			(339	)		(102	)%
Operating income		67,416			95,094			(27,678	)		(29	)%
Operating income margin		15.6	%		22.7	%		n/a			-710	bps
Other income (expense)		(20,965	)		420			(21,385	)		(5092	)%
Income tax expense		7,982			29,929			(21,947	)		(73	)%
Net income attributable to stockholders		38,273			63,979			(25,706	)		(40	)%
Diluted EPS attributable to stockholders	$	0.35		$	0.60		$	(0.25	)		(42	)%
Effective tax rate		17.2	%		31.3	%		n/a			-1410	bps
GTV	$	3,173,050		$	3,294,463		$	(121,413	)		(4	)%
Consolidated Revenue Rate		13.61	%		12.74	%		n/a			87	bps
Auctions and Marketplaces segment:
Revenues		400,565			395,228			5,337			1	%
Revenue Rate		12.62	%		12.00	%		n/a			62	bps

Consolidated results

Revenues and Consolidated Revenue Rate

Revenues increased $12.1 million, or 3%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. This increase is primarily due to the Merger, which closed on May 31, 2017, and increases in revenues from other value-added services, including RBFS, partially offset by the impact of lower GTV. Unaudited pro forma revenues decreased 4% from $503.7 million in the first nine months of 2016 to $481.1 million in the first nine months of 2017.

Consolidated Revenue Rate increased from 12.74% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 to 13.61% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Approximately 62 bps of the 87-basis point increase in Consolidated Revenue Rate is due to a higher Auctions and Marketplaces segment Revenue Rate, while the remaining 25-basis point increase in Consolidated Revenue Rate is due a higher percentage of revenues from our non-transactional services.

Ritchie Bros.

Revenue distribution	Canada			Outside of Canada			United States			Europe			Other
Nine months ended September 30, 2017		28	%		72	%		53	%		11	%		8	%
Nine months ended September 30, 2016		31	%		69	%		51	%		9	%		9	%

On a U.S. dollar basis, the proportion of revenue earned in the United States and Europe grew for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Growth in the United States over the comparative period is primarily due to the Merger. Growth in Europe is primarily due to our live on site auction activities in that region and the growth of our Mascus brand. The increase in revenues from other geographic regions in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the first nine months of 2016 is primarily due to growth of our live on site auction activities in the United Arab Emirates.

Costs of services

Costs of services increased $4.2 million, or 8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. This increase is primarily due to costs associated with the growth in our inspection and appraisal activities because of the Merger.

SG&A expenses

SG&A expenses increased $20.9 million, or 10%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. This increase is primarily due to post-Merger increased headcount, travel costs, and search engine fees associated with our online marketplace channel, as well as merit increases and higher bank fees attributable to our new credit facility.

Segment Performance

Auctions and Marketplaces reportable segment

(in U.S. $000's)	Nine months ended September 30,
							$ Change			% Change
	2017			2016			2017 over 2016			2017 over 2016
Revenues	$	400,565		$	395,228		$	5,337			1	%
Costs of services, excluding D&A		(51,948	)		(49,213	)		(2,735	)		6	%
SG&A expenses		(220,555	)		(200,967	)		(19,588	)		10	%
Impairment loss		(8,911	)		(28,243	)		19,332			(68	)%
Segment profit	$	119,151		$	116,805		$	2,346			2	%

Ritchie Bros.

Gross Transaction Value

We use GTV to measure the performance of our Auctions and Marketplaces segment. The following table presents GTV by channel:

(in U.S. $000's)	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017					2016					$ Change			% Change
	Total GTV		% of total			Total GTV		% of total			2017 over 2016			2017 over 2016
Live on site auctions	$	2,817,387		89	%	$	3,187,014		97	%	$	(369,627	)		(12	)%
Online auctions and marketplaces		355,663		11	%		107,449		3	%		248,214			231	%
GTV	$	3,173,050		100	%	$	3,294,463		100	%	$	(121,413	)		(4	)%

GTV decreased $121.4 million, or 4%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease in GTV is primarily due to the performance of our live on site auction channel in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the first nine months of 2016, partially offset by the Merger and the resulting increase in our online marketplace sales, as well as the positive impact of foreign exchange rates over the comparative period.

The live on site auction channel GTV decrease is primarily due to a decrease in the number of industrial and agricultural auction lots and changes in our auction calendar in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The total number of lots decreased 5% to 306,900 in the first nine months of 2017 from 321,400 in the first nine months of 2016. We believe the decrease in number of lots was primarily driven by constrained supply of used equipment, as well as some lower sales productivity as we complete the integration of our sales teams post-Merger. Industrial and agricultural auction GTV per lot remained consistent at $9,900 in the first nine months of 2017 and 2016.

With respect to auction calendar changes, we held the largest-ever auction in Grande Prairie, Canada, in March 2016, which generated more than $46.0 million (62.0 million Canadian dollars) of GTV, with no similar auction on the calendar in the first nine months of 2017.

During 2017, we continued to actively pursue the use of underwritten commission contracts from a strategic perspective, and when the opportunity arose, only entered such contracts when the risk/reward profile of the terms were agreeable. The volume of underwritten commission contracts decreased to 16% of our GTV in the first nine months of 2017 from 25% in the first nine months of 2016, primarily due to the pressure on used equipment market supply volume. The tight supply of used equipment, coupled with improved pricing, resulted in less seller interest in underwritten commission contracts. Straight commission contracts continue to account for the majority of our GTV.

Revenue and segment Revenue Rate

Segment revenues by geographical region and segment Revenue Rate are presented below:

(in U.S. $000's)	Nine months ended September 30,
					$ Change		% Change
	2017		2016		2017 over 2016		2017 over 2016
United States	$	220,375	$	208,677	$	11,698		6	%
Canada		107,756

RITCHIE BROS AUCTIONEERS INC - FORM 10-Q - November 9, 2017

Attached files