UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE

COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019

Commission File No. 001‑16501

Williams Industrial Services Group Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

100 Crescent Centre Parkway, Suite 1240

Tucker, GA 30084

(Address of registrant’s principal executive offices and zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (770) 879‑4400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well‑known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S‑T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non‑accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Act). Yes ☐  No ☒

As of June 28, 2019, the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $21,071,055.48 (based upon the closing price on June 28, 2019 of $2.28 per share).

As of March 20, 2020, there were 24,538,058 shares of common stock of Williams Industrial Services Group Inc. outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of the Form 10‑K to the extent stated herein. The Proxy Statement or an amended report on Form 10‑K will be filed within 120 days of the registrant’s year ended December 31, 2019.

Table of Contents

Statements we make in this Annual Report on Form 10-K where we express a belief, expectation or intention or otherwise are not limited to recounting historical facts are forward‑looking statements. These forward‑looking statements are subject to various risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those noted under the headings “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward‑Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (this “Form 10-K”) and its exhibits contain or incorporate by reference various forward-looking statements that express a belief, expectation or intention or are otherwise not statements of historical fact. Forward-looking statements generally use forward-looking words, such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “project,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “continue,” “potential,” “plan,” “forecast” and other words that convey the uncertainty of future events or outcomes. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of our future performance and involve risks, uncertainties, estimates and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, our actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. Investors should not place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to further update any such statements, or the risk factors described in “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors,” to reflect new information, the occurrence of future events or circumstances or otherwise.

The forward-looking statements in this filing do not constitute guarantees or promises of future performance. The following important factors could cause actual outcomes and results to differ materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements:

These forward-looking statements represent our intentions, plans, expectations, assumptions and beliefs about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, including unpredictable or unanticipated factors that we have not discussed in this Form 10-K. Many of those factors are outside of our control and could cause actual results to differ materially from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the events described in the forward-looking statements might not occur or might occur to a different extent or at a different time than we have described. Investors should consider the areas of risk and uncertainty described above, as well as those discussed below under “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors.” Except as may be required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, and we caution investors not to rely upon them unduly.

Part I

Item 1.  Business.

Overview

Williams Industrial Services Group Inc. was incorporated in 2001 under the name “Global Power Equipment Group Inc.” under the laws of the State of Delaware and became the successor to GEEG Holdings, LLC, which was formed as a Delaware limited liability company in 1998. Effective June 29, 2018, Global Power Equipment Group Inc. changed its name to Williams Industrial Services Group Inc. (together with its wholly owned subsidiaries, “Williams,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our,” unless the context indicates otherwise) to better align its name with the Williams business (as defined below), and our stock now trades on the OTCQX® Best Market (the “OTCQX”) under the ticker symbol “WLMS.” Williams has been safely helping plant owners and operators enhance asset value for more than 50 years. We provide a broad range of construction, maintenance and support services to customers in energy, power and industrial end markets. Our mission is to be the preferred provider of construction, maintenance, and specialty services through commitment to superior safety performance, focus on innovation, and dedication to delivering unsurpassed value to our customers.

Our Restructuring

We completed the restructuring of our Company in 2018. Beginning in 2016, we shifted our strategy to become a preferred provider of construction, maintenance and specialty services, to exit all product manufacturing businesses and to use the proceeds from the sales to reduce and restructure our term debt. To effect this change, in the third quarter of 2017, we made the decision to exit and divest substantially all of the operating assets and liabilities of our Mechanical Solutions segment, which we completed in the fourth quarter of 2017, as described below. Additionally, we made the decision to exit and sell our Electrical Solutions segment (which was comprised solely of Koontz-Wagner, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company) in the fourth quarter of 2017. We determined that these two segments met the definition of discontinued operations, and, as a

result, they (including TOG Manufacturing Company, Inc. and TOG Holdings, Inc., which were sold in July 2016) have been presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Additionally, in January 2017, we sold the stock of our wholly owned subsidiaries, Hetsco Holdings, Inc. and Hetsco, Inc. (collectively, “Hetsco”). However, the Mechanical Solutions and Electrical Solutions segments were the only components of the business that qualified as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Unless otherwise specified, the financial information and discussion in this Form 10-K are based on our continuing operations (previously referred to as our Services segment); they exclude any results of our discontinued operations. Please refer to “Note 5—Changes in Business” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K for additional information.

In spite of our efforts, which included retaining financial advisors to sell all or part of Koontz-Wagner’s operations, inside or outside of a federal bankruptcy or state court proceeding (including Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”)), the proposed disposition did not progress as planned due, primarily, to the absence of viable bids in the sale process, the inability of Koontz-Wagner to fund its ongoing operations or obtain financing to do so, and Koontz-Wagner’s deteriorating financial performance. As a result, on July 11, 2018, Koontz-Wagner filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 7 of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas. The filing was for Koontz-Wagner only, not for the Company as a whole, and was completely separate and distinct from the Williams business and operations.

On October 11, 2017, we sold substantially all of the operating assets and liabilities of our Mechanical Solutions segment and used a portion of the $40.9 million net proceeds to pay down $34.0 million of our outstanding debt and related fees, including full repayment of the first-out loan, provided for by the first amendment to the Initial Centre Lane Facility (as defined below) for an additional aggregate principal amount of $10.0 million (the “First-Out Loan”) and the upfront fee on the 4.5-year senior secured term loan facility, entered into June 16, 2017, with an affiliate of Centre Lane Partners, LLC (“Centre Lane”) as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent, and the other lenders from time to time party thereto (as amended, the “Initial Centre Lane Facility”). Additionally, on October 31, 2017, we completed the sale of our manufacturing facility in Mexico and auctioned the remaining production equipment and other assets for net proceeds of $3.6 million, of which $1.9 million was used to reduce the principal amount of the Initial Centre Lane Facility. The remaining proceeds from such sales were used to fund working capital requirements.

As a result of the sale of our Mechanical Solutions segment and the bankruptcy of Koontz-Wagner, we review financial information presented on a company-wide basis. Therefore, as of December 31, 2019, we concluded that we continue to have a single reporting segment which is comprised of Williams Industrial Services Group, LLC (collectively with Williams Plant Services, LLC, Williams Specialty Services, LLC and Williams Industrial Services, LLC, the “Williams business”), as we did as of December 31, 2018.

In 2018, we implemented major cost reduction initiatives to reduce our overhead costs, including restructuring and consolidating our corporate functions, and began working on a comprehensive strategic plan to grow and improve our business, which was finalized in early 2019. Our strategy has been focused on developing a comprehensive strategic plan to grow and improve our operations, strengthen our core competencies, aggressively manage working capital and reduce costs in order to improve liquidity and reduce debt. In order to improve our efforts to satisfy our future working capital requirements, we refinanced our existing credit facilities on January 13, 2020 and we successfully completed our Rights Offering, the offer period for which expired March 2, 2020, pursuant to which we issued 5,384,615 shares of our common stock and received net proceeds of $6.6 million. For additional information, please refer to “Note 19—Subsequent Events” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

Our operations are based on our effectiveness in using estimating and planning technologies, deploying rigorous project management techniques, initiating various process improvement projects and employing experienced industry-recognized sales professionals. We expect to leverage the strength of the Williams brand, capitalize on our industry knowledge and customer relationships and safely provide timely, reliable services for our customers to grow revenue. We believe we are well positioned to grow our business, and to realize the operating leverage our restructuring has created.

Our Business

We provide a comprehensive range of construction, maintenance and support services to customers in energy, power and industrial end markets. We provide these services both on a constant presence basis and for discrete projects. The services we provide are designed to improve or sustain operating efficiencies and extend the useful lives of process equipment.

Our services include the following:

We provide these services throughout the U.S. with plans of expanding to Canada, primarily on a direct hire basis, with experienced craft laborers who are directed and managed by an experienced team of supervisors and project managers across our network. We also act as a general contractor where we manage multiple subcontractors and, in other cases, we are retained as a subcontractor on a project. Our flexible staffing model enables us to meet seasonal and outage demand without being restricted by internal capacity limitations, thereby minimizing our fixed costs.

We bid against other contractors based on customer specifications. Fixed-price contracts present certain inherent risks, including the possibility of ambiguities in the specifications received, problems with new technologies and economic and other changes that may occur over the contract period. Alternatively, because of efficiencies that may be realized during the contract term, fixed-price contracts may offer greater profit potential than cost-plus contracts.

In 2019, we contracted for 86% of our revenue on cost-plus contracts that provide for reimbursement of costs incurred plus an amount of profit. The remaining 14% of our revenue was generated from fixed-price contracts.

Safety

For over 13 years, we have maintained a safety record in the top quartile of the industry, benefiting both us and our customers. We also maintain a broad range of professional certifications and memberships in national organizations relevant to the performance of many of the specialized services we provide.

Market Overview

Power Generation Market and the Industrial Services Industry.  The U.S.  and Canadian industrial services industry is a multi-billion dollar industry, broadly defined as routine modification, maintenance and technical services provided to industrial facilities ranging from manufacturing facilities to power generation plants. The industry continues to benefit from a shift towards outsourcing as plant operators seek to alleviate financial constraints, reduce labor costs, increase labor utilization and productivity, and eliminate operational redundancies.

We expect that power industry demand for these services will be driven by the following factors in the future:

Additionally, the U.S. commercial nuclear industry has 96 operating reactors with an average age of 38 years. Although 8 reactors have shut down since 2013, and an additional 10 are projected to shut down by 2025, the remainder of the operating plants are planned to operate 60 to 80 years with a stable amount of required generating capacity. As the plants age, utilities invest in maintenance, modification, and upgrades to enable continued operations. Furthermore, as of September 2019, the NRC had extended the licenses of approximately 89 reactors. These older nuclear reactors require extensive ongoing engineering and maintenance services to support operations and improve performance. Nuclear power plants in the U.S. are subject to a rigorous program of NRC oversight, inspection, preventive and corrective maintenance, equipment replacement and equipment testing. Nuclear power plants are required to go offline to refuel at intervals of no more than 24 months and to perform

condition monitoring and preventive maintenance during every refueling outage. While decommissioning work on retired nuclear reactors provides opportunities for growth, the focus is on extending the life of plants through capital improvements.

We also provide similar services to industrial waste water treatment customers in the pulp and paper and other sectors that require waste water treatment.

Customers, Marketing and Seasonality

Our customers include major private and government-owned utilities throughout the U.S. and in Ontario, Canada, as well as leaders in the U.S. pulp and paper and industrial sectors. We market our services using dedicated sales and marketing personnel as well as our experienced on-site operations personnel. We use our safety and service track record with long-term renewable contracts to expand our services and supplement existing contracts with small- to medium-sized capital projects. Our sales initiatives directly seek to apply operational strengths to specific facilities within our targeted industries and customers throughout the U.S. and in Ontario, Canada. We are impacted by seasonality, resulting in fluctuations in revenue and gross profit during our fiscal year. Generally, this is driven by our customers’ schedule of planned outages which are typically scheduled for every other year (on odd numbered years).

We depend on a relatively small number of customers for a significant portion of our revenue, and the loss of any of those customers would have a material adverse effect on our business. For a listing of our major customers, please refer to “Note 16—Major Customers and Concentration of Credit Risk” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

The recent widespread outbreak of respiratory illness caused by COVID-19, a novel coronavirus, as well as efforts to control the spread of the virus, could materially impact the foregoing factors and our business as a whole. However, we are not yet able to determine the nature or severity of such impacts at this time. For additional information see “Item 1A. Risk Factors- We operate our business in regions subject to natural disasters, including hurricanes, and other severe catastrophic events, such

as acts of war and terrorism, and any disruption to our business resulting from such events will adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.”

Materials and Suppliers

The markets for most of the materials we use are served by a large number of suppliers, and we believe that we can obtain required materials from more than one supplier.

Competition

Our competitors vary depending on geography and the scope of services to be rendered. Several national service providers, which are significantly larger and have significantly greater financial resources than we do, will often compete for larger maintenance and capital project opportunities that become available. These service providers include, among others, Allied Power, APTIM Corp., BHI Energy and Day & Zimmermann. Additionally, smaller contractors that operate on a regional basis often compete for smaller opportunities associated with open shop labor sources. We compete based on reputation, safety, price, service, quality and our breadth of service capabilities. We believe our strong reputation, longevity in the industry, project management capabilities, including service diversity, long-term customer relationships, safety record and performance, and our success at identifying and retaining qualified personnel differentiate us from our competitors. We also believe that the fact that we maintain a presence at several of our customers’ sites is a competitive advantage because it provides us with an intimate understanding of these facilities, which allows us to better identify our customers’ service needs. Specific to our customers that operate nuclear power plants, barriers to entry include the requirement to hold and maintain the rigorous NRC qualifications and safety standards.

Insurance

We maintain insurance coverage for various aspects of our operations; however, we remain exposed to potential losses because we are subject to deductibles, coverage limits and retention requirements.

Typically, our contracts require us to indemnify our customers for third party injury, damage or loss arising from the performance of our services and provide for warranties for materials and workmanship. We may also be required to name the customer as an additional insured up to the limits of insurance available, or we may be required to purchase special insurance policies for specific customers. We maintain performance and payment bonding lines to support our business. In rare cases we may provide a letter of credit in lieu of a bond to satisfy performance and financial guarantees on a project.

We require all subcontractors working with us at a customer’s location to indemnify us and our customers and name us as an additional insured for activities arising out of such subcontractors’ work. We also require certain subcontractors to provide additional insurance policies, including surety bonds in favor of us, to secure such subcontractors’ work or as required by contract. It is possible that our insurance and the additional insurance coverage provided by our subcontractors will not fully protect us against a valid claim or loss under the contracts with our customers.

Intellectual Property

As of December 31, 2019, we used the Williams trade name and its logo. We have registered federal trademarks related to certain company logos. We presently have no U.S. patents in force. We rely on trade secret laws and employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements to protect our intellectual property rights. This Form 10-K may refer to brand names, trademarks, service marks and trade names of other companies and organizations, and those brand names, trademarks, service marks and trade names are the property of their respective owners.

Compliance with Government Regulations

We are subject to certain federal, state and local environmental, occupational health and nuclear regulatory laws applicable in the U.S. and Canada. We also purchase materials and equipment from third parties and engage subcontractors who are also subject to these laws and regulations. Below is a summary of certain laws and regulations applicable to our business.

While we believe that we operate safely and prudently and in material compliance with all environmental, occupational health, nuclear regulatory and other applicable laws, there can be no assurance that accidents will not occur or that we will not incur substantial liability in connection with the operation of our business. We do not anticipate any material capital expenditures or material adverse effect on earnings or cash flows as a result of complying with these laws.

Backlog

The services we provide are typically carried out under construction contracts, long-term maintenance contracts and master service agreements. Total backlog represents the dollar amount of revenue expected to be recorded in the future for work performed under awarded contracts. Prior to 2017, we reported backlog as orders from fixed-price contracts plus the amount of revenue we expected to receive in the next twelve-month period from cost-plus contracts, regardless of the remaining life of the cost-plus contract. However, we believe that reporting the total revenue expected under awarded contracts is more representative of our expected future revenue.

Revenue estimates included in our backlog can be subject to change as a result of project accelerations, cancellations or delays due to various factors, including, but not limited to, the customer’s budgetary constraints and adverse weather. These factors can also cause revenue amounts to be recognized in different periods and at levels other than those originally projected. Additional work that is not identified under the original contract is added to our estimated backlog when we reach an agreement with the customer as to the scope and pricing of that additional work. Backlog is reduced as work is performed and revenue is recognized, or upon cancellation.

Backlog is not a measure defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”), and our methodology for determining backlog may vary from the methodology used by other companies in determining their backlog amounts. Backlog may not be indicative of future operating results and projects in our backlog may be cancelled, modified or otherwise altered by our customers.

The following table summarizes our backlog:

Backlog as of December 31, 2019 decreased $6.7 million, or 1.3%, from December 31, 2018, due primarily to the completion of a long-term contract for maintenance services during a customer’s nuclear outages, which are scheduled for every other year (on odd numbered years). The decrease in backlog from 2018 was also attributed to the completion of several other projects during 2019. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $155.0 million, or 31.3%, of the total backlog is related to the construction of Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4.

The following table summarizes our estimated backlog conversion period:

For additional discussion of our backlog, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to Our Operations.”

Employees

As of December 31, 2019, we had 420 full-time employees (excluding temporary staff and craft labor) and no part-time employees. The number of our employees, including temporary staff and craft labor, fluctuates greatly, depending on the timing and requirements for craft labor. Many of the craft labor employees are employed through various union agreements. As of December 31, 2019, there were 609 craft labor employees, of which 480 were under collective bargaining agreements. We believe that our relationships with our employees, both full-time and temporary, are satisfactory. We are not aware of any circumstances related to our employees that are likely to result in a work stoppage at any of the project sites where we are performing services.

Information about our Executive Officers

The following information is being furnished with respect to the Company’s executive officers as of December 31, 2019:

Tracy D. Pagliara, 57, has served as a member of our Board of Directors since July 2017. Mr. Pagliara has served as our President and CEO starting in April 2018, having previously served as Co-President and Co-CEO, along with Craig E. Holmes, since July 2017. Prior to July 2017, he served as our Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel and Secretary from January 2014, and also as Senior Vice President from November 2015. He previously served as our General Counsel, Secretary and Vice President of Business Development from April 2010 through December 2013. Prior to joining the Company in April 2010, Mr. Pagliara served as the Chief Legal Officer of Gardner Denver, Inc., a leading global manufacturer of highly engineered compressors, blowers, pumps and other fluid transfer equipment, from August 2000 through August 2008. He also had responsibility for other roles during his tenure with Gardner Denver, including Vice President of Administration, Chief

Compliance Officer and Corporate Secretary. Prior to joining Gardner Denver, Mr. Pagliara held positions of increasing responsibility in the legal departments of Verizon Communications/GTE Corporation from August 1996 to August 2000 and Kellwood Company from May 1993 to August 1996, ultimately serving in the role of Assistant General Counsel for each company. Mr. Pagliara currently serves on the board of directors and audit, compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees of Westwater Resources, Inc. (formerly Uranium Resources, Inc.) (Nasdaq: WWR), a diversified energy materials developer, where he has served since July 2017. He is a member of the Missouri and Illinois State Bars and a Certified Public Accountant. In addition, in accordance with customary practice, Mr. Pagliara and other officers of the Company have served as officers of the Company’s various subsidiaries, although not acting in an executive role for the relevant subsidiary. As previously disclosed, such subsidiaries included Koontz-Wagner Custom Controls Holdings LLC, which filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 7 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in July 2018 and ceased operations at such time.

Randall R. Lay, 65, was appointed to serve as our Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and principal financial and accounting officer in September 2019. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Lay served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer of GEO Specialty Chemicals, Inc., a supplier of specialty chemicals and materials to the coatings, adhesives, medical, water treatment and construction markets, from December 2017 to August 2019, when it was acquired by CPS Performance Materials. From 2007 to June 2017, Mr. Lay served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Lazy Days' R.V. Center, Inc. (now a subsidiary of Lazydays Holdings, Inc.), which operates RV dealerships. From 2006 through 2007, Mr. Lay served as Senior Vice President of Buccino & Associates, Inc., a financial advisory and turnaround firm. Prior to that, Mr. Lay served at Universal Access Global Holdings Inc., a communications network integrator, from 2002 to 2006, including as Chief Financial Officer from June 2002 to July 2003; director and Chief Executive Officer from July 2003; and additionally as President from November 2003 until June 2006. From October 2001 to April 2002, Mr. Lay served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Metromedia Fiber Networks, Inc., a telecommunications company. From September 1993 to September 2001, Mr. Lay was employed by International Specialty Products Inc., a global supplier of specialty chemicals, most recently as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.

Charles E. Wheelock, 51, has served as our Senior Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel and Secretary since August 2019. He previously served as our Vice President, Administration, General Counsel and Secretary beginning July 2017. He joined the Company in September 2011 as Associate General Counsel and thereafter assumed roles of increasing responsibility, including Vice President, Deputy General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer. He led the human resources, recruiting and labor relations groups in our Tucker, Georgia office prior to his July 2017 appointment. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Wheelock spent 10 years at General Electric Company, serving in a variety of roles in its Energy Services and Power Generation businesses. Mr. Wheelock is a member of the State Bar of Georgia.

Michael K. (“Kelly”) Powers, 48 was appointed President, Power, in August 2019. Prior to his appointment, Mr. Powers served as the Company's Senior Vice President, Operations—Power, since July 2017. He previously served at the Company in roles including Director of Projects, Vice President of Project Services, and Senior Vice President of Nuclear Services, from September 2011 through January 2016. Before rejoining the Company, Mr. Powers served as Vice President, Nuclear STG and Services at Toshiba America Energy Services from January 2016 through July 2016 and as Vice President—Capital Projects at Entergy Corporation from July 2016 through July 2017. Before joining the Company in 2011, Mr. Powers served as Manager, Strategic Projects and Asset Management at Entergy Nuclear, a business unit of Entergy Corporation, from August 2008 through October 2011. Prior to that, he served as a program manager for the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program (a joint U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Department of Defense program) from May 1997 to August 2008.

Matthew J. Petrizzo, 58 was appointed President, Energy and Industrial, in August 2019. Mr. Petrizzo joined the Company in November 2018 as Senior Vice President, Energy and Industrial, with over 35 years of progressive leadership roles in engineering, construction, maintenance and repair services for the energy, power and industrial markets. Prior to joining the Company, he founded CNM Energy Solutions, a consulting company, where he served from September 2015 through November 2018. From November 2014 to September 2015, Mr. Petrizzo served as Executive Vice President, Northeast Operations, at Regency Energy Partners (now Energy Transfer Partners). Before that, from November 2007 to June 2014, Mr. Petrizzo worked at Matrix SME, a principal operating subsidiary of Matrix Service Company, where he served as President from June 2008 through June 2014 and Vice President from November 2007 to June 2008. Prior to joining Matrix SME, Mr. Petrizzo served as a Project Director for Washington Group International (now a subsidiary of AECOM), from 2006 to 2007, where he also worked in various capacities from 2001 to 2006, and for Washington Group legacy companies, Raytheon Engineers and Constructors and Ebasco Services Inc., from 1984 to 2001.

Available Information

We file reports with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished to the

SEC pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The SEC maintains an Internet site, www.sec.gov, which contains the Company’s reports, proxy and information statements and other information we have filed electronically with the SEC.

We make available on our website, www.wisgrp.com, free of charge, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to these reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file the reports with, or furnish them to the SEC. The information disclosed on our website is not incorporated by this reference and is not a part of this Form 10-K. The following corporate governance related documents are also available free on our website:

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be impacted by one or more of the following factors, any of which could cause actual results to vary materially from historical and current results or anticipated future results.

Risk Factors Related to Our Liquidity and Capital Resources

We may not generate sufficient cash resources to continue funding our operations.

In order to have sufficient cash to fund our continuing operations, we will need to successfully stabilize and sustain our reductions in corporate headquarters expenses to properly align with and support our business. In addition, we require substantial working capital in order to meet the demands of our growing business. If our liquidity generating initiatives do not produce the expected results, or if we are otherwise unable to obtain sufficient cash resources to operate our business, we may need to raise additional debt capital or sell assets outside the normal course of business. Otherwise, we may be forced to significantly curtail or cease our operations or seek bankruptcy protection. For additional information, please refer to “Part II—Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Note 11—Debt” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

We have incurred losses from operations in recent fiscal years, and may incur further losses in the future.

We achieved operating income from continuing operations of $5.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. However, in 2018 we incurred an operating loss from continuing operations of $10.0 million and we incurred operating losses from continuing operations in previous years; therefore, we may incur losses in the operation of our business in future periods. The corporate headquarters organization required to manage the complexities of three reporting segments, one of which had significant international operations, contributed to our losses in 2018 and 2017. Additionally, in 2018 and 2017, we incurred significant expenses related to professional services incurred in executing our strategy to exit our Mechanical Solutions and Electrical Solutions businesses and the now completed restatement of certain prior financial results. Although we had a reduction in corporate operating expenses in 2019 as a result of aggressive cost reductions implemented during 2018 and the more streamlined Company structure, we may still fail to meet our goal of maintaining profitability in the future.

If we do not timely pay amounts due and comply with the covenants under the New Centre Lane Facility and the MidCap Facility, our business, financial condition and ability to continue as a going concern would be materially and adversely impacted.

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The terms of the four-year, $35.0 million senior secured credit agreement entered into by the Company on September 18, 2018 with an affiliate of Centre Lane Partners, LLC as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent, and the other lenders from time to time party thereto, to

refinance and replace the Initial Centre Lane Facility (as amended the “New Centre Lane Facility”), among other things, require high interest payments, and both the New Centre Lane Facility and the four-year, $25.0 million Credit and Security Agreement entered into on October 11, 2018 with MidCap Financial Trust as Agent and as a lender, and other lenders from time to time party thereto (as amended the “MidCap Facility”), place encumbrances on our assets, and subject us to restrictive covenants that significantly limit our operating flexibility. Additionally, under the terms of the New Centre Lane Facility, the Company was required to make quarterly loan amortization payments of $0.1 million per quarter through June 30, 2019 and must make quarterly loan amortization payments of $0.2 million per quarter thereafter.

The terms of the New Centre Lane Facility and the MidCap Facility have been structured in such a way that, if we default under one, we will also default under the other. In the event of a continuing default, our senior secured lenders would have the right to accelerate the then-outstanding amounts under each such facility and to exercise their respective rights and remedies to collect such amounts, which would include foreclosing on collateral constituting substantially all of our assets and those of our subsidiaries. Any continuing default on the New Centre Lane Facility or the MidCap Facility could result in the outstanding principal balance under each such facility becoming immediately due and payable. We do not currently have sufficient cash on hand to repay the outstanding balances, so if our lenders under the New Centre Lane Facility and the MidCap Facility exercised their rights and remedies as permitted by each such facility and applicable law, we would likely be forced to seek bankruptcy protection and our investors could lose the full value of their investment in our common stock. Accordingly, a default could have a material adverse effect on our business.

For additional information, please refer to “Part II—Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Note 11—Debt” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

If our independent registered public accounting firm fails to stand for reappointment, any resulting need to engage a new auditor could significantly delay the filing of our future annual and quarterly reports with the SEC and adversely impact our business.

Our independent registered public accounting firm goes through client reacceptance procedures annually to determine if it is willing to stand for reappointment. These procedures include, among other items, a risk assessment. Due to our risk profile, there is a chance we will not meet the minimum criteria for reacceptance. If we are unable to satisfy the requirements of such client reacceptance criteria, we may be required to change auditors, which might delay the filing of our 2020 annual and quarterly reports on Form 10-K or 10-Q, as applicable, and subsequent reports with the SEC. Any such delay could result in a breach of the covenants of the New Centre Lane Facility and the MidCap Facility, reduce our trade credit based on our inability to deliver recent financial statements to our key vendors and cause us to become delinquent in our SEC filings.

The limitations and covenants contained in the New Centre Lane Facility constrain our ability to borrow additional money, sell assets and make acquisitions, which may impair our ability to fully implement elements of our business strategy and otherwise adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.

The New Centre Lane Facility contains a number of limitations and covenants that limit our ability and that of our subsidiaries to, among other things:

The New Centre Lane Facility provides for variable rates of interest. We will be liable for the greatest amount of interest permitted under such rates. Any increase in LIBOR or the cessation of LIBOR as a viable reference rate may result in an increase in our interest rates on our outstanding principal debt under the New Centre Lane Facility and therefore negatively affect our cash flow and financial condition. Our obligations under the New Centre Lane Facility are guaranteed by all of our wholly owned subsidiaries, subject to customary exceptions, and such guarantees are secured by substantially all of the assets

of such subsidiaries. Our obligations are secured by first priority security interests in substantially all of our assets and those of our wholly owned subsidiaries. This includes 100% of the voting equity interests of our domestic subsidiaries and certain specified foreign subsidiaries.

The New Centre Lane Facility also includes additional restrictive covenants, including covenants that require us to maintain a total net leverage ratio, minimum consolidated adjusted EBITDA and minimum liquidity. These restrictions could adversely affect our business because they include, among other things, limitations on our ability to take advantage of financings, mergers, acquisitions and other corporate opportunities that may be beneficial for our business. These restrictions also could have a material adverse effect on our ability to make capital expenditures and business acquisitions, restructure or refinance our indebtedness, accept certain business opportunities from customers or seek additional capital.

If we do not comply with the restrictive covenants, including failing to satisfy the required financial covenants, or obtain waivers as needed, our lenders could accelerate our debt and foreclose on our assets, and our stockholders may lose the full value of an investment in our common stock. Our ability to comply with the restrictive covenants in the New Centre Lane Facility depends upon our ability to generate adequate earnings and operating cash flows or sell assets, which will be subject to our ability to successfully implement our business strategy, as well as other general economic and competitive conditions and financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to fund our cash requirements and debt service obligations, and we may continue to face significant liquidity constraints. For additional information, please refer to “Part II—Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Note 11—Debt” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

The limitations and covenants contained in the MidCap Facility constrain our ability to borrow additional money, sell assets and make acquisitions, which may impair our ability to fully implement elements of our business strategy and otherwise adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.

The MidCap Facility contains a number of limitations and covenants that limit our ability and that of our subsidiaries to, among other things:

The MidCap Facility provides for a per annum rate of interest equal to the sum of LIBOR (with a floor of 1%) plus 6%. Any increase in LIBOR or the cessation of LIBOR as a viable reference rate may result in an increase in our interest rates on our outstanding principal debt under the MidCap Facility and therefore negatively affect our cash flow and financial condition. Our obligations under the MidCap Facility are secured by security interests in substantially all of our assets and those of our wholly owned subsidiaries. Our obligations under the MidCap Facility are also guaranteed by our Canadian subsidiaries.

The MidCap Facility also includes additional restrictive covenants, including covenants that require us to maintain a total net leverage ratio, minimum consolidated adjusted EBITDA and minimum liquidity. If we do not comply with the restrictive covenants, including failing to satisfy the required financial covenants, or obtain waivers as needed, our lenders could accelerate our debt and foreclose on our assets, and our stockholders may lose the full value of an investment in our common stock. Our ability to comply with the restrictive covenants in the MidCap Facility depends upon our ability to successfully implement our business strategy, as well as other general economic and competition conditions and financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. Our business may not generate a sufficient borrowing base, as defined in the MidCap Facility, necessary to fund our cash requirements and debt service obligations, and we may continue

to face significant liquidity constraints. For additional information, please refer to “Part II—Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Note 11—Debt” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

Any inability to finance our business or repay the New Centre Lane Facility and the MidCap Facility, including due to deterioration of the credit markets, could adversely affect our business.

We intend to finance our existing operations and initiatives with existing cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operations, the New Centre Lane Facility and the MidCap Facility. The New Centre Lane Facility contains high interest rate payments and both the New Centre Lane Facility and the MidCap Facility contain a number of restrictive covenants and other terms that limit our operating flexibility, including our ability to make other investments or pursue new lines of business. Any deterioration in the credit markets could adversely affect the ability of many of our customers to pay us on time and the ability of many of our suppliers to meet our needs on a competitive basis. Any inability to pay amounts due under the New Centre Lane Facility and the MidCap Facility or access necessary additional funds on acceptable terms or at all may negatively impact our business or operations. In addition, we may require additional sources of funds in order to meet the working capital requirements of our growing business. If we are unable to access sufficient capital from our existing lenders or otherwise, our business and operations would be adversely impacted. For additional information, please refer to “Part II—Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Note 11—Debt” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

We are exposed to market risks from changes in interest rates.

We are subject to market risk exposure related to changes in interest rates. The New Centre Lane Facility and the MidCap Facility provide for variable rates of interest based on LIBOR. We will be liable for the greatest amount of interest permitted under such rates. On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021. It is unclear whether or not, at that time, LIBOR will cease to exist and a satisfactory replacement rate developed or if new methods of calculating LIBOR will be established such that it continues to exist after 2021. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of, among other entities, large U.S. financial institutions, is considering replacing U.S. dollar LIBOR with a new index that measures the cost of borrowing cash overnight, backed by U.S. Treasury securities (“SOFR”). SOFR is observed and backward looking, which stands in contrast with LIBOR under the current methodology, which is an estimated forward-looking rate and relies, to some degree, on the expert judgment of submitting panel members. Whether or not SOFR attains market traction as a LIBOR replacement rate remains in question. As such, the future of LIBOR at this time is uncertain. If LIBOR ceases to exist, we may need to renegotiate the applicable interest rates under the New Centre Lane Facility and the MidCap Facility, as they use LIBOR as a factor in determining the applicable interest rate.

If we become unable to obtain adequate surety bonding, it could reduce our ability to bid on new work, which could, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our future revenue and business prospects.

Consistent with industry practice, we are at times required to provide performance and payment surety bonds to customers. These bonds provide credit support for the customer if we fail to perform our obligations under the contract. If security is required for a particular project and we are unable to obtain a bond on terms commercially acceptable to us, we may not be able to pursue that project. In addition, bonding may be more difficult to obtain in the future or may only be available at significant additional cost.

If we become unable to obtain adequate letters of credit, our ability to bid on new work could be reduced, which could have a material adverse effect on our future revenue and business prospects.

In line with industry practice, we are at times required to provide letters of credit. These letters of credit provide credit support for the client if we fail to perform our obligations under the contract. Each of the New Centre Lane Facility and the MidCap Facility contains restrictions on the maximum amount that may be drawn against letters of credit. As of March 20, 2020, we had $1.2 million of non-cash collateralized letters of credit outstanding. If security is required for a particular project and we are unable to obtain a letter of credit on terms commercially acceptable to us, we may not be able to pursue that project. Any inability to obtain letters of credit on commercially reasonable terms could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and business prospects.

We have recorded write-downs of our goodwill and other indefinite-lived assets in the past. If we were required to write-down additional amounts, our results of operations and stockholders’ equity could be materially adversely affected.

We are required to review goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for potential impairment at least annually in accordance with GAAP. As a result of our annual goodwill impairment analysis as of October 1, 2019 and 2018, we determined that the fair value exceeded its book value, and, accordingly, no impairment charge was necessary for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. We had $47.9 million of goodwill and trade names remaining on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019. If we experience declines in revenue and gross profit or do not meet our current and forecasted operating budget, we may be subject to goodwill and/or other intangible asset impairments in the future. Because of the significance of our goodwill and intangible assets, and based on the magnitude of historical impairment charges, any future impairment of these assets could have a material adverse effect on our financial results. For additional information, please refer to “Note 7—Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

Liabilities, fees, and expenses related to the Koontz-Wagner bankruptcy filing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial position.

We may incur future liabilities as a result of the July 11, 2018 bankruptcy filing of our Koontz-Wagner subsidiary, and defending any claims relating to the Koontz-Wagner bankruptcy could require us to incur substantial legal fees and other expenses. Any such liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial position. For additional information, please refer to “Note 5—Changes in Business” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

Changes to tax regulations, laws, accounting principles, future business operations or examinations by tax authorities may adversely impact our provision for income taxes and ability to use deferred tax assets.

Our ability to use our deferred tax assets is subject to volatility and could be adversely affected by earnings differing materially from our projections, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, expiration of or lapses in tax credits, changes in ownership as defined by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and outcomes as a result of tax examinations or changes in tax laws, regulations and accounting principles. As a result, our income tax provisions are also subject to volatility from these changes, as well as changes in accounting for uncertain tax positions, or interpretations thereof.

The Tax Act (i) reduced the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% beginning in 2018, (ii) generally limited our annual deductions for interest expense to no more than 30% of our “adjusted taxable income” (plus 100% of our business interest income) for the year and (iii) permitted us to offset only 80% (rather than 100%) of our taxable income with any NOLs we generate after 2017. The disallowed interest and NOLs generated after 2017 can be carried to future periods indefinitely. It is possible in the future that the NOL and/or interest deductibility limitations could have the effect of causing us to incur income tax liability sooner than we otherwise would have incurred such liability or, in certain cases, could cause us to incur income tax liability that we might otherwise not have incurred, in the absence of these tax law changes.

Significant judgment is required in determining the recognition and measurement attributes prescribed in GAAP related to accounting for income taxes. In addition, GAAP applies to all income tax positions, including the potential recovery of previously paid taxes, which, if settled unfavorably, could adversely impact our provision for income taxes or additional paid-in capital. We could also be subject to examinations of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. We assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations in determining the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. There may be exposure that the outcomes from these examinations will have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

Our ability to use NOL carryforwards or other tax attributes may be subject to limitations under Sections 382 and 383 of the Code.

As of December 31, 2019, we had U.S. federal tax NOL, foreign tax credits and general business tax credit carryforwards of $218.6 million, $3.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Generally, NOL, foreign tax credit and general business credit carryforwards may be used to offset future taxable income and thereby reduce or eliminate U.S. federal income tax liabilities. Section 382 of the Code limits a corporation’s ability to utilize NOL carryforwards to reduce tax liabilities if the corporation undergoes an “ownership change.” For these purposes, an ownership change is deemed to occur if there has been a change of more than 50% in the ownership of shareholders owning 5% or greater of the value of a corporation’s stock over a three year period. Code Section 383 applies the same limitations to foreign tax credit, general business credit and capital loss carryforwards after an ownership change.

Based upon our review, we had not experienced an ownership change as defined under Code Section 382 as of December 31, 2019. As of the date of this filing, based on our preliminary review, our recently completed Rights Offering did not contribute to an ownership change under Code Section 382. If additional equity is issued in the future, an ownership change pursuant to Code Section 382 may occur. In addition, an ownership change under Code Section 382 could be caused by circumstances beyond the Company’s control, such as market purchases or sales by certain 5% or greater shareholders of our stock. There is also a risk that, due to regulatory changes, such as suspensions on the use of NOLs or other unforeseen reasons, our existing NOLs could expire or otherwise be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities. In addition, under the Tax Act, the amount of NOLs incurred after the end of the 2017 fiscal year that we are permitted to deduct in any taxable year is limited to 80% of our taxable income in such year, where taxable income is determined without regard to the NOL deduction itself. The Tax Act also generally eliminates the ability to carry back any NOLs to prior taxable years, while allowing post-2017 unused NOLs to be carried forward indefinitely. There is a risk that, due to changes under the Tax Act, regulatory changes, or other unforeseen reasons, our existing NOLs could expire or otherwise be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities. Thus, there can be no assurance that the Company will not experience an ownership change which would significantly limit the utilization of the Company’s NOL, foreign tax credit or general business credit carryforwards in calculating future federal tax liabilities.

Risk Factors Related to the Restatement of Prior Period Financial Statements, delayed SEC Reporting and Our Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Audit, investigation, legal and expert services regarding the restatement and audit of our historical financial results, as well as recent legal proceedings, have required substantial attention from the Board of Directors, have diverted financial resources away from the Company and management’s attention away from our usual business operations and may continue to adversely affect customer relationships and overall business, results of operations and financial condition.

From mid-2015 until the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 (the “2015 Report”) in March 2017, which included the restatement of certain prior period financial results, our Board, Audit Committee and members of management devoted substantial internal and external resources to legal matters resulting from the restatement and remediation efforts and the preparation and filing of the 2015 Report. Due to the delays caused by the restatement, additional attention and resources were required during 2017 for the preparation and filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our 2016 fiscal year, as well as our 2017 quarterly reports. As a result of these efforts, we incurred significant incremental fees and expenses for additional audit services, financial and other consulting services and legal services. These expenses, as well as the substantial time devoted by our Board and management toward identifying, addressing and remediating internal weaknesses and legal costs related to our internal investigation and the SEC investigation, litigation and other actions related to the restatement, had a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Although our internal investigation, the SEC investigation and the putative class action have concluded, the remediation of weaknesses in our internal controls continues to require management’s attention. In addition, any future inquiries from legal proceedings or other actions by the SEC as a result of the restatement of our historical financial statements will, regardless of the outcome, likely consume a significant amount of our resources in addition to those resources already consumed in connection with the restatement itself and related litigation matters. In addition, the restatement of our historical financial statements, the fact that our stock is not listed on a national securities exchange (such as the New York Stock Exchange), and our significantly constrained liquidity have hindered our ability to attract new customers and strained relationships with certain existing customers, making it challenging to increase the volume and scope of our work. 

Our failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures could continue to have a material adverse effect on our business.

We are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures in order to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. In connection with our internal investigation and the restatement, we determined that we had material weaknesses in our internal control environment and internal control activities. During 2019, we designed a remediation plan to strengthen our financial reporting and accounting functions and have taken remediation steps to address these material weaknesses. We also continue to take meaningful steps to enhance our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting by strengthening our financial reporting and accounting functions. We believe that we have remediated these material weaknesses and management has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2019; however, we cannot assure that we will be able to maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future. See “Part II—Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.”

Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur undetected, and it is possible that additional significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting may be identified in the future. Any failure of our internal controls could result in additional material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements, significant deficiencies, material weaknesses, costs, failure to timely meet our periodic reporting obligations and further erosion of investor confidence. It would also adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow. If our internal controls continue to be deemed inadequate in the future, our current external auditors could resign, and the process of retaining new auditors could limit our access to capital for an extended period of time.

Our business operations depend upon our senior management team and the ability of our other employees to successfully perform their roles.

We have made significant changes to our business in a short interval of time, which can be disruptive to our employees and business, and may add to the risk of control failures, including a failure in the effective operation of our internal control over financial reporting or our disclosure controls and procedures. Changes to company strategy can create uncertainty, may negatively impact our ability to execute quickly and effectively, and may ultimately be unsuccessful.

If key employees do not meet the expectations of their roles, we could experience inefficiencies or a lack of business continuity due to loss of historical knowledge and a lack of familiarity of those employees with business processes, operating requirements, policies and procedures (some of which are new) and key information technologies and related infrastructure used in our day-to-day operations and financial reporting. It is important to our success that these key employees quickly adapt to, and excel in, their new roles. Their failure to do so could result in operational and administrative inefficiencies and added costs that could adversely impact our results of operations, our stock price and our customer relationships and may make recruiting for future management positions more difficult. In addition, if we were to lose the services of any one or more key employees, whether due to death, disability or termination of employment, our ability to successfully implement our business strategy, financial plans and other objectives could be significantly impaired. Any of the above factors could also impede our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting on an ongoing basis. See “Part II—Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.” If we do not effectively manage our business through our management transitions, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Risk Factors Related to Our Operations

A substantial portion of our revenue is related to services performed at nuclear power plants, and reduced investment in, or increased regulation related to, nuclear power plants would have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects.

The demand for the services we provide at nuclear power plants is directly tied to the number of nuclear power facilities that utilize our services. Additionally, U.S. nuclear capacity and electricity generation are expected to decline due to continuing low natural gas prices and the rapid expansion of low cost renewable energy and new technologies in the U.S., displacing more traditional sources of power, including nuclear power. Declining demand for U.S. nuclear power generation and related construction and maintenance budgets would have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and cash flow.

There are two new nuclear reactors at one U.S. site under construction, and several nuclear reactors are undergoing decommissioning. Pricing pressure has resulted in a decrease in the maintenance budgets for existing nuclear plants. Other new

construction projects were reevaluated and discontinued in 2017. For example, during 2017, the owners of V.C. Summer Units 2 and 3 abandoned the project.

In addition, decreases in state and federal government subsidies and increased regulation would also negatively impact the demand for nuclear power and the services we provide. For instance, the NRC has broad authority under federal law to impose safety-related and other licensing requirements for the operation of nuclear generation facilities, and events at nuclear facilities or other events impacting the industry generally could lead to additional requirements and regulations on all nuclear generation facilities and could negatively impact the demand for nuclear power and the services we provide.

If our costs exceed the estimates we use to set the fixed-prices on certain of our contracts, our earnings will be reduced.

Fixed-price contracts present certain inherent risks, including the possibility of ambiguities in the specifications received, erroneous or incomplete cost estimates, problems with new technologies and economic and other changes that may occur over the contract period.

In addition, we have a limited ability to recover any cost overruns. Contract prices are established based in part on our projected costs, which are subject to a number of assumptions. The costs that we incur in connection with each contract can vary, sometimes substantially, from our original projections. Because of the large scale and complexity of our contracts, unanticipated changes may occur, such as customer budget decisions, design changes, delays in receiving permits and cost increases. Unanticipated cost increases or delays may occur as a result of several factors, including:

We often are contractually subject to liquidated damages in the event that we fail to perform our obligations in a timely manner. Such damages can be significant and may have a negative impact on our profit margins and financial results.

Cost increases or overruns that we cannot pass on to our customers or our payment of liquidated damages or other penalties under our contracts will lower our earnings. In addition, increases in commodity prices may adversely affect our gross margins.

If we are unable to control the delivery of services provided because of internal operational issues or poor subcontractor performances, our reputation could be adversely affected, and we could lose customers. In the event of subcontractor insolvency, if we are unable to recover any advance progress payments made to subcontractors, our profitability could be adversely affected.

We rely on subcontractors to perform services on various projects for scopes of work that are outside of our current service offerings. Our subcontractors do not account for a significant percentage of our service costs. The quality and performance of our subcontractors are not entirely under our control. Our subcontractors may not always meet the requisite level of quality control or our delivery schedules. The failure of our subcontractors to perform quality services in a timely manner could adversely affect our reputation and result in the cancellation of orders for our services, significant warranty and repair costs and the loss of customers. In addition, our contracts with customers may contain liquidated damages, and triggering such provisions could result in significant financial penalties, or, even if not triggered, could affect our ability to recognize revenue in a given period.

Other potential consequences of the failure of our subcontractors to meet our standards include a potential need to change subcontractors, resulting in increased costs. At times, we make advance progress payments to subcontractors in anticipation of completion of services, and we may be unable to recover those advances if a subcontractor fails to complete the scope of work. In addition, we generally provide warranties for terms of two years or less on our services; defects with respect to services previously provided, whether caused by our actions or a subcontractor’s, could require us to incur costs fixing such issues. The occurrence of any of the above may adversely affect our financial condition, profitability and cash flow.

We operate our business in regions subject to natural disasters, including hurricanes, and other severe catastrophic events, such as acts of war and terrorism, and any disruption to our business resulting from such events will adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.

We operate our business in regions subject to natural disasters and other severe catastrophic events. Any disaster could adversely affect our ability to conduct business and provide services to our customers, and the insurance we maintain may not be adequate to cover our losses resulting from any business interruption resulting from a natural disaster or other catastrophic events. These and any future disruptions to our operations, including acts of war, terrorism or other force majeure, could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business could be adversely affected by the effects of widespread outbreak of contagious disease, including the recent outbreak of respiratory illness caused by COVID-19, novel coronavirus first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Any outbreak of contagious diseases and other adverse public health developments could have a material and adverse effect on our business operations. These could include disruptions or restrictions on us and our employees’ ability to travel or to distribute services and materials, as well as temporary closures of the facilities of our suppliers or customers. Any disruption of our suppliers or customers would likely impact our sales and operating results. In addition, a significant outbreak of contagious diseases in the human population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect both the U.S. and global economy and financial markets, resulting in an economic downturn that could impact our operating results. For instance, COVID-19 has caused volatility in the U.S. and global financial markets and threatened a slowdown in the U.S. and global economy. While it is not possible at this time to estimate the impact that COVID-19 could have on our operations, the continued spread of COVID-19, the measures taken by local, state, and federal governments of the United States and other countries affected, actions taken to protect employees, and the impact of the pandemic on various business activities in affected states and countries could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors.

The industry in which we operate is highly competitive. Some of our competitors and potential competitors are less leveraged than we are, have greater financial or other resources than we have and may be better able to withstand adverse market conditions within the industry. Our competitors typically compete aggressively on the basis of pricing, and such competition may continue to impact our ability to attract and retain customers or maintain the rates we charge. To the extent that we choose to match our competitors’ prices, it may result in lower margins and, as a result, could harm our results of operations. Should we choose not to match, or remain within a reasonable competitive distance from, our competitors’ pricing, our sales volume would likely decrease, which could harm our results of operations. In addition, our future growth will depend on our ability to gauge the direction of the commercial and technological progress in our markets that may be adopted by our competitors. However, any such developments would likely require additional financing, and we may not be able to obtain the necessary financing on acceptable terms, if at all. A failure to keep pace with our competitors or the technological innovations in the markets we serve could have a material adverse impact on our business.

Our future revenue and operating results may vary significantly from reporting period to reporting period.

Our quarterly and annual revenue and earnings have varied in the past and are likely to vary in the future. Our service contracts contain customer-specific commercial terms that, coupled with other factors beyond our control, may result in uneven recognition of revenue and earnings over time. Customer-imposed delays can significantly impact the timing of revenue recognition and lengthen our cash conversion cycle. Due to our relatively large average contract size, our volume during any given period may be concentrated to relatively few contracts, intensifying the magnitude of these fluctuations. Furthermore, some of our operating costs are fixed. As a result, we may have limited ability to reduce our operating costs in response to unanticipated decreases in our revenue or the demand for our services in any given reporting period. Therefore, our operating results in any reporting period may not be indicative of our future performance. Because we must make significant estimates related to potential costs when we recognize revenue on a percentage-of-completion basis, these costs may change significantly from reporting period to reporting period based on new project information.

A small number of major customers account for a significant portion of our revenue, and the loss of any of these customers could negatively impact our business.

We depend on a relatively small number of customers for a significant portion of our revenue. In 2019, four customers accounted for 72%, and in 2018, three customers accounted for 69%, of our consolidated revenue. For a listing of our major customers, please refer to “Note 16—Major Customers and Concentration of Credit Risk” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K. We expect to continue to depend upon a relatively small number of customers for a significant percentage of our revenue. Because our major customers represent a large part of our business, the loss of any of

our major customers could negatively impact our business and results of operations. Our business volume with each of our largest customers is highly dependent on operations and maintenance budgets for U.S. utilities. Fluctuations in any of these factors could materially adversely impact our financial results.

We are subject to potential insolvency or financial distress of third parties, including our customers and suppliers.

We are exposed to the risk that third parties to various arrangements who owe us money or goods, or who purchase services from us, will be unable to perform their obligations or continue to place orders due to insolvency or financial distress. If such third parties fail to perform their obligations under arrangements with us, we may be forced to replace the underlying commitment at current or above market prices or on other terms that are less favorable to us, or we may have to write off receivables in the case of a customer failing to pay.

If a customer becomes insolvent or files for bankruptcy, our ability to recover accounts receivable from that customer would be adversely affected and any payment we received during the preference period prior to a bankruptcy filing may be potentially recoverable by the bankruptcy estate. Any of the foregoing could adversely impact our results of operations, financial position and liquidity.

The dollar amount of our backlog, as stated at any time, is not necessarily indicative of our future revenue.

Our backlog consists of firm orders or blanket authorizations from our customers. Backlog may vary significantly from reporting period to reporting period due to the timing of customer commitments. The time between receipt of an order and actual completion of services can vary. However, backlog may not be indicative of future operating results, and projects in our backlog may be cancelled, modified or otherwise altered by our customers. To the extent projects are delayed, the timing of our revenue could be affected. If a customer cancels an order, we may be reimbursed for the costs we have incurred. Typically, however, we have no contractual right to the full amount of the revenue reflected in our backlog contracts in the event of cancellation. In addition, projects may remain in our backlog for extended periods of time. Furthermore, a portion of our backlog for multi-year service maintenance contracts is based on what we expect to realize in the future and is therefore not necessarily supported by a firm purchase order. If that work does not materialize, then our backlog would be negatively impacted, as that work would be considered a “cancellation.” Revenue recognition occurs over extended periods of time and is subject to unanticipated delays. Fluctuations in our reported backlog levels also result from the fact that we may receive a small number of relatively large orders in any given reporting period that may be included in our backlog. Because of these large orders, our backlog in that reporting period may reach levels that may not be sustained in subsequent reporting periods. Our backlog, therefore, is not necessarily indicative of our future revenue or of long-term industry trends.

Our success is partially dependent upon maintaining our safety record, and an injury to or death of any of our employees, customers or vendors could result in material liabilities to our Company.

The activities we conduct at our customers’ facilities present a risk of injury or death to our employees, customers or visitors, notwithstanding our efforts to comply with safety regulations. We may be unable to avoid material liabilities for an injury or death, and our workers’ compensation and other insurance policies may not be adequate or may not continue to be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all, which could result in material liabilities to us. In addition, our ability to obtain new business and retain our current business is partially dependent on our continuing ability to maintain a safety record that exceeds the industry average. If we fail to maintain superior safety performance, or if serious accidents occur in spite of our safety procedures, our revenue and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Changes in our credit profile and market conditions can affect our relationships with suppliers, vendors and subcontractors, which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and our business, reputation and results of operations.

We rely significantly on third-party suppliers and vendors to obtain necessary materials, and on subcontractors to perform certain services. Although we are not dependent on any single supplier, vendor or subcontractor, any substantial limitation on the availability of or deterioration in our relationship with required suppliers or subcontractors would negatively impact our operations.

Changes in our credit profile can affect the way such third parties view our ability to make payments and may induce them to shorten the payment terms of their invoices or require credit enhancement. For instance, as a result of delays in our payments, certain suppliers and subcontractors have imposed less favorable payment terms on us, including requirements to provide them with additional security in the form of prepayments, surety bonds or letters of credit. The imposition of burdensome payment terms or collateral requirements could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity and our ability to make payments to other parties. This in turn could cause us to be unable to operate our business at the desired service levels,

which might adversely affect our profitability and cash flow. In other cases, our relationships with certain third parties have been terminated, requiring us to rely on new firms for certain services, which may cost more and be of inferior quality.

In addition, changes in market and economic conditions could increase the risk of a lack of available suppliers or subcontractors. If any supplier or subcontractor upon which we rely is unable or unwilling to meet its obligations under present or future agreements with us, we may be forced to pay higher prices to obtain necessary services and may suffer an interruption in our ability to provide our services to customers.

To the extent we cannot engage quality subcontractors or acquire equipment or materials on acceptable terms, we would not be able to meet the full demands of our customers, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation and results of operations.

Legal matters could divert management’s focus, result in substantial expenses and have an adverse impact on our reputation, financial condition and results of operations.

Lawsuits and investigations involving us, or our current or former officers and directors, could result in significant expenses and divert attention and resources of our management and other key employees. We could be required to pay damages or other penalties or have injunctions or other equitable remedies imposed against us or our current or former directors and officers. In addition, we are generally obligated to indemnify our current and former directors and officers in connection with lawsuits, governmental investigations and related litigation or settlement amounts. Such amounts could exceed the coverage provided under our insurance policies. Any of these factors could harm our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Compliance with environmental, health, safety and other related laws and regulations is costly, and our ongoing operations may expose us to related liabilities.

Our operations are subject to laws and regulations governing the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise related to the protection of the environment or human health and safety. We are subject to various U.S. federal statutes and the regulations implementing them, as well as similar laws and regulations at the state and local levels. If we fail to comply with environmental laws or regulations, we may be subject to significant liabilities for fines, penalties or damages, or lose or be denied significant operating permits.

In addition, we may be subject to liability allegations involving claims of personal injury or property damage. The operation of complex, large-scale equipment used in a variety of locations and climates and integration of a variety of purchased components entails an inherent risk of disputes and liabilities related to the operation of the equipment and the health and safety of the workers who operate and come into contact with the machinery. Because our services are primarily provided in power plants, claims could arise in different contexts, including fires, explosions and power surges, which can result in significant property damage or personal injury, and equipment failure, which can result in personal injury or damage to other equipment in the power plant.

The insurance policies we maintain to cover claims of this nature are subject to deductibles and recovery limitations, as well as limitations on contingencies covered, and we may, therefore, suffer losses from these claims for which no insurance recovery is available. Such losses could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We began to expand our operations outside the U.S. during 2019 and are subject to risks associated with doing business outside the U.S.

We are seeking to expand our services outside the U.S., and we currently provide services in Canada. We face risks doing business internationally that could materially and adversely affect our business, including: the imposition of trade barriers, currency exchange rate fluctuations and currency controls, longer payment cycles, greater difficulties in accounts receivables collection, difficulties in complying with a variety of foreign laws, changes in legal or regulatory requirements, the potential for shortages of trained labor, complex and uncertain employment environments, exposure to local economic and political conditions, the impact of social unrest, such as risks of terrorism or other hostilities, and potentially adverse tax consequences. To the extent we experience these risks, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected, and, as a result, we may determine to scale back or terminate our international operations.

Our cross border activities also subject us to certain regulatory matters, including import and export licenses, tariffs, Canadian and U.S. customs and tax issues and toxic substance certifications. Violations of these requirements could result in the imposition of significant administrative, civil and criminal penalties. In addition, the new United States-Mexico-Canada

Agreement (“USMCA”) (in Canada, known as the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (“CUSMA”)) supersedes the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”). USMCA/CUSMA has been ratified by the legislature of each of the United States, Canada and Mexico. NAFTA provided protection against tariffs, duties and other charges or fees and assures access by the signatories. The impact of USMCA/CUSMA on energy markets is uncertain. Any of the foregoing factors may adversely impact our business and results of operations.

Our future business prospects in Canada are, in part, dependent upon the continued operation of Canadian nuclear plants and refurbishment of the majority of the plants in Ontario to extend their operating lives. Unfavorable economic conditions, competition from other forms of power generation, increased competition for refurbishment contracts, changes in government policy or operational or project execution issues may lead nuclear plant operators in Canada to cease operations or delay, curtail or cancel proposed or existing life-extension projects, which may decrease the overall demand for our services in Canada and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We may be unable to effectively manage our growth, including our expansion into international markets.

We are subject to the risk that we may be unable to effectively manage our growth, which requires us to develop and improve our existing administrative and operational systems and our financial and management controls and further expand, train and manage our work force. As we continue this effort, we may incur substantial costs and expend substantial resources in connection with any such expansion due to different technology standards, legal considerations and cultural differences. We may not be able to efficiently or effectively manage our current or future international operations and growth of such operations, compete effectively in such markets, or recruit top talent and train our personnel. Any failure to successfully manage our expansion may materially and adversely affect our business and future growth and may cause us to scale back or terminate such expansion efforts.

Expiration of the Price-Anderson Act’s indemnification authority could have adverse consequences for us.

We provide services to the nuclear industry. The Price-Anderson Act promotes the nuclear industry by offering broad indemnification to commercial nuclear power plant operators and the U.S. Department of Energy (“DOE”) for liabilities arising out of nuclear incidents at power plants licensed by the NRC and at DOE nuclear facilities. That indemnification protects not only the NRC licensee or DOE prime contractor, but also others like us who may be doing work under contract or subcontract for a licensed power plant or under a DOE prime contract. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended the period of coverage to include all nuclear power reactors issued construction permits through December 31, 2025. If the Price-Anderson Act’s indemnification authority expires, a problem related to our provision of services at a nuclear facility could lead to a damage claim against us for which we might not be entitled to indemnification. In addition, any well-publicized problem with those services, whether actual or perceived, could adversely affect our reputation and reduce demand for our services.

Our failure to attract and retain qualified personnel, skilled workers and key officers could have an adverse effect on us.

Our ability to attract and retain qualified professional and/or skilled personnel in accordance with our needs, either through direct hiring, subcontracting or acquisition of other firms employing such professionals, is an important factor in determining our future success. The market for these professionals is competitive, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in our efforts to attract and retain needed personnel. Our ability to successfully execute our business strategy depends, in part, on our ability to attract and retain highly qualified, experienced mechanical, design, structural and software engineers, service technicians and marketing and sales personnel. Demand for these workers can, at times, be high and the supply extremely limited. Our success is also highly dependent upon the continued services of our key officers, and we do not maintain key employee insurance on any of our executive officers. 

We have experienced significant turnover in our senior management team and reductions in our workforce over the past few years, and have promoted or hired new employees to fill certain key roles. If we are unable to retain qualified personnel, the roles and responsibilities of those employees will need to be filled, which may require that we devote time and resources to identifying, hiring and integrating new employees. In addition, the failure to attract and retain key employees, including officers, could impair our ability to sustain or expand our operations, provide services to our customers and conduct our business effectively.

Demand for our services is cyclical and vulnerable to economic slowdowns and reductions in private industry and government spending. In times of general economic contraction, our revenue, profits and financial condition may be adversely affected and will not necessarily rise in tandem with general economic expansion.

The industries we serve historically have been, and will likely continue to be, cyclical in nature and vulnerable to general slowdowns in the U.S. and Canadian economies. Consequently, our results of operations have fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate depending on the level of demand for services from these industries.

Our bookings and revenue may rise or fall sharply as total industry orders tend to follow pronounced cycles of general expansion and contraction. During a contraction phase, limited investment in new projects, deferrals of planned projects and project cancellations may significantly reduce our potential recognition of revenue and profits. At the end of an expansion phase, any existence of excess capacity will negatively affect power prices, which will result in a reduction in new orders. In addition to being cyclical in nature, our revenue does not correlate precisely with changes in actual or forecasted new capacity due to timing differences in revenue recognition.

During periods of declining demand for power, many of our customers may face budget shortfalls or may delay capital expenditures, which could result in a decrease in the overall demand for our services. Our customers may find it more difficult to obtain project financing due to limitations on the availability of credit and other uncertainties in the global credit markets. In addition, our customers may demand better pricing terms and their ability to timely pay our invoices may be affected in times of economic slowdown. Any such reduction in private industry or government spending could have a material adverse effect on our revenue, net income or overall financial condition.

Information technology vulnerabilities and cyberattacks on our networks could have a material adverse impact on our business.

We rely upon information technology to manage and conduct business, both internally and with our customers, suppliers and other third parties. Internet transactions involve the transmission and storage of data, including, in certain instances, customer and supplier business information. Accordingly, maintaining the security of our computers and other electronic devices, computer networks and data storage resources is a critical issue for us and our customers and suppliers because security breaches could result in reduced or lost ability to carry on our business and loss of and/or unauthorized access to confidential information. From time to time, we experience cyberattacks on our information technology systems, and those of our distributors, manufacturers, suppliers and other partners, whose systems we do not control. We have limited personnel and other resources to address information technology reliability and security of our computer networks and respond to known security incidents to minimize potential adverse impacts. Information security risks have generally increased in recent years because of the proliferation of new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of perpetrators of cyberattacks. Experienced hackers, cybercriminals and perpetrators of threats may be able to penetrate our network security and misappropriate or compromise our confidential information or that of third parties, create system disruptions or cause shutdowns. These perpetrators of cyberattacks also may be able to develop and deploy viruses, worms, malware and other malicious software programs that attack our information and networks or otherwise exploit any security vulnerabilities of our information and networks. Techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to or sabotage systems change frequently and often are not recognized until long after being launched against a target, so we may be unable to anticipate these techniques, implement adequate preventative measures or remediate any intrusion on a timely or effective basis. Moreover, the development and maintenance of these preventative and detective measures is costly and requires ongoing monitoring and updating as technologies change and efforts to overcome security measures become more sophisticated. We, therefore, remain potentially vulnerable to additional known or as yet unknown threats, as in some instances, we, our distributors, manufacturers, suppliers and other partners may be unaware of an incident or its magnitude and effects. We also face the risk that we may expose our customers or partners to cyberattacks.

A breach of our information technology systems and security measures as a result of third party action, malware, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise could materially adversely impact our business and results of operations and expose us to customer, supplier and other third party liabilities, as well as result in disruptions to critical systems, theft of funds, data or intellectual property, corruption or loss of data and unauthorized release of proprietary, confidential or sensitive information of ours or our customers. Any damage, security breach, delay or loss of critical data associated with our systems may delay or prevent certain operations and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows; in addition, such events could expose us to data and funds loss, disrupt our operations, allow others to unfairly compete with us and subject us to litigation, government enforcement actions, regulatory penalties and costly response measures. Any resulting negative publicity could also significantly harm our reputation. As cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend additional significant resources to continue to enhance our information security measures and/or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities.

Our failure to comply with applicable governmental privacy laws and regulations in the U.S. and Canada could substantially impact our business, operations, financial position and cash flows.

We are subject to extensive and evolving federal, state and international privacy laws and regulations. Changes in privacy and data security laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations could have a negative effect on our operating methods and costs. Failure to comply with such regulations could result in the termination or loss of contracts, the imposition of contractual damages, private and government civil litigation, civil sanctions, damage to our reputation or, in certain circumstances, criminal penalties, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, cash flows, business and prospects. Determining compliance with such regulations is complicated by the fact that many of these laws and regulations have not been fully interpreted by governing regulatory authorities or the courts, and many of the provisions of such laws and regulations are open to a range of interpretations. There can be no assurance that we are, or have been, in compliance with all applicable existing laws and regulations or that we will be able to comply with new laws or regulations, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act, which became effective on January 1, 2020 and imposes additional obligations on businesses to make new disclosures about data collection, use, and sharing practices and affords consumers new rights with respect to their data. It also provides a new private right of action for data breaches.

Our participation in multiemployer pension plans could adversely impact our liquidity and results of operations.

During 2019, we contributed to approximately 70 multiemployer pension plans throughout the U.S. and, historically, we have contributed to over 150 multiemployer pension plans in which we still have withdrawal liabilities. We believe that our responsibility for potential withdrawal liabilities associated with participating in multiemployer pension plans is limited because the building and construction trades exemption pursuant to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 should apply to the substantial majority of our plan contributions. However, pursuant to the Pension Protection Act of 2006 and other applicable laws, we are exposed to other potential liabilities associated with plans that are underfunded. As of December 31, 2019, we had been notified that certain pension plans were in critical funding status. Currently, certain plans are developing, or have developed, a rehabilitation plan that may call for a reduction in participant benefits or an increase in future employer contributions. Therefore, in the future, we could be responsible for potential surcharges, excise taxes and/or additional contributions related to these plans, which could impact our liquidity and results of operations. While we continue to actively monitor, assess and take steps to limit our potential exposure to any surcharges, excise taxes, additional contributions and/or withdrawal liabilities, any market conditions or the number of participating employers remaining in each plan may result in a reorganization, insolvency or mass withdrawal that could have a material adverse effect on the funded status of the multiemployer plans and our potential withdrawal liability.

We are subject to anti-bribery laws in the U.S. and Canada, and failure to comply with these laws could result in our becoming subject to penalties and the disruption of our business activities.

The U.S. and Canada have laws that restrict the offer or payment of anything of value to government officials or other persons with the intent of gaining business or favorable government action, and we are subject to such laws. In addition to prohibiting certain bribery-related activity with U.S. and Canadian officials and other persons, these laws provide for recordkeeping and reporting obligations. Any failure by us, our subcontractors, agents or others who work for us on our behalf to comply with these legal and regulatory obligations could impact us in a variety of ways that include, but are not limited to, significant criminal, civil and administrative penalties. The failure to comply with these legal and regulatory obligations could also result in the disruption of our business activities and have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

The Tax Act, or other changes in U.S. and Canadian tax laws or regulations, or their interpretation, could increase our tax burden and otherwise adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Changes in tax laws or exposures to additional tax liabilities could negatively impact our effective tax rate and results of operations. As a result of enactment of the Tax Act, we were required to re-evaluate our 2017 U.S.-related deferred tax assets and liabilities and to account for a one-time transition tax on certain un-repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. The Tax Act introduced significant changes to the U.S. corporate income tax law that have had a meaningful impact on our provision for income taxes. Accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Act required significant judgments to be made in interpreting its provisions. Due to the timing of the enactment and the complexity involved in applying the provisions of the Tax Act, we made reasonable estimates of the effects and recorded provisional amounts in the financial statements for fiscal year 2017.

In addition, as we expand our operations outside of the U.S., our future effective tax rates could also be adversely affected, including limitations on the ability to defer U.S. taxation on earnings outside the U.S. until those earnings are repatriated to the U.S.

Work disruptions resulting from the expiration of our collective bargaining agreements or otherwise could result in increased operating costs and adversely affect our operating performance.

The majority of our temporary craft employees are represented by labor unions with which we have collective bargaining agreements. There can be no assurance that we will not experience labor disruptions associated with a lengthy strike or the expiration or renegotiation of collective bargaining agreements or other work stoppage at our facilities or customer locations, which could adversely affect our operating performance and may result in additional expenses and possible loss of revenue.

Risk Factors Related to Our Common Stock

The market price for our common stock is volatile, and our stockholders may not be able to resell their shares of common stock at or above the purchase price paid.

The market price of our common stock fluctuates significantly and may be affected by numerous factors (some of which are beyond our control), including:

From December 31, 2012 to March 20, 2020, the closing price of our common stock ranged from $20.86 to $1.00 per share. Continued declines in the price of our common stock could impede our ability to obtain additional capital and attract and retain qualified employees and could reduce the liquidity of our common stock. In addition, the reduced stock price also increases the cost to us, in terms of dilution, of using our equity for employee compensation.

The stock markets have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of similarly situated companies, including, most recently, fluctuations relating to the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Our common stock is not currently listed on a national securities exchange, and is quoted on the OTCQX, which may continue to decrease the value of our common stock and prevent certain investors from investing or achieving a meaningful degree of liquidity.

In 2016, our common stock was delisted from the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”). As a result, our common stock was quoted on the OTC Pink® Marketplace (“OTC Pink”) from 2016 to March 19, 2019, at which time our stock began being quoted on the OTCQX. We cannot assure investors that our common stock will be listed on a national exchange such as the Nasdaq Stock Market, the NYSE or another securities exchange in the future.

Based upon the fact that our common stock is no longer registered for trading on a national exchange and that the value of our issued and outstanding common stock has decreased in value in recent years, there may be investment loss for stockholders, and certain stockholders may no longer be permitted to invest in our common stock. Bid quotations on the OTCQX can be sporadic and may not provide meaningful liquidity to investors. An investor may find it difficult to dispose of shares or obtain accurate quotations as to the market value of our common stock. As a result of these limitations, our common

stock has fewer market makers, lower trading volumes and larger spreads between bid and asked prices than securities listed on a national stock exchange or automated quotation system would typically have.

Because there may be a limited market and generally low volume of trading in our common stock, the share price of our common stock is more likely to be affected by broad market fluctuations, general market conditions, fluctuations in our operating results, changes in the market’s perception of our business and announcements made by us, our competitors or parties with whom we have business relationships. There may also be fewer institutional investors willing to hold or acquire our common stock. The lack of liquidity in our common stock may make it difficult for us to issue additional securities for financing or other purposes or to otherwise arrange for any financing that we may need in the future.

Because we are not listed on a national exchange, we are not subject to certain rules, such as certain corporate governance requirements. Without required compliance with such standards, investor interest in our common stock may decrease. The delisting of our common stock from the NYSE may have also resulted in other negative implications, including potential loss of confidence of customers, strategic partners and employees and the loss of investor and media interest in us and our common stock.

There is no assurance that an active public trading market in our common stock will be available.

There can be no assurance that an active public trading market for our common stock will be available or sustained. If, for any reason, an active public trading market does not exist, purchasers of the shares of our common stock may have difficulty in selling their shares should they desire to do so, and the price of our common stock may decline.

We do not currently expect to pay any cash dividends on our common stock, so investors may not receive any return on investment unless investors sell their shares of common stock for a price greater than that which investors paid for them.

On May 30, 2012, our Board adopted a dividend policy pursuant to which we would pay quarterly dividends on our common stock; however, we have not paid any dividends since March 2015. The costs associated with the restatement of our historical financial results, as well as related matters, has presented a significant financial burden on our Company, and the continued operation of our business has required substantial funding. In addition, each of the New Centre Lane Facility and the MidCap Facility prohibits us from paying cash dividends. Therefore, we do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.

Any future determination with respect to the payment of dividends will be at the discretion of the Board and will depend upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions, terms of financing arrangements and other factors that our Board may deem relevant. Future dividends, their timing and amount will be subject to capital availability and periodic determinations by our Board that cash dividends are in the best interest of our stockholders and are in compliance with all of our respective laws and agreements applicable to the declaration and payment of cash dividends and may be affected by, among other factors: our views on potential future capital requirements for organic initiatives and strategic transactions; debt service requirements; our credit rating; changes to applicable tax laws or corporate laws; limitations in our debt facilities; and changes to our business model. Our dividend payments may change from time to time, and we cannot provide assurance that we will declare dividends of any particular amounts or at all. If we do not pay dividends, then our common stock may be less valuable because a return on investment will occur only if our stock price increases, and such appreciation may not occur.

Actions of activist stockholders could be disruptive and potentially costly, and the possibility that activist stockholders may seek changes that conflict with our strategic direction could cause uncertainty about the strategic direction of our business.

Activist investors may attempt to effect changes in our strategic direction and how our business is governed, or to acquire control over us to increase short-term stockholder value by advocating corporate actions such as financial restructuring, increased borrowing, special dividends, stock repurchases or even sales of assets or the entire company. In fact, in June 2016, we entered into an election and nomination agreement with certain of our significant stockholders that had filed a Schedule 13D with the SEC with respect to the Company. Pursuant to that agreement, we agreed to appoint two additional directors to our Board, one of whom would serve as a representative of those investors. Among other things, we also agreed to various standstill provisions and to include the investors’ designees in our slate of nominees for election as directors at our next two annual meetings of stockholders. The agreement also provides that, because the Company did not hold its 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the significant stockholders had the right to terminate the agreement at any time after January 1, 2017.

While we welcome varying opinions from all stockholders, activist campaigns that contest or conflict with our strategic direction could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition, as responding to proxy

contests and other actions by activist shareholders can disrupt our operations, be costly and time consuming and divert the attention of our Board and senior management from the pursuit of business strategies. In addition, perceived uncertainties as to our future direction as a result of changes to the composition of our Board may lead to the perception of a change in the direction of our business, instability or lack of continuity which may be exploited by our competitors, may cause concern to our current or potential customers, may result in the loss of potential business opportunities and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners. These types of actions could cause significant fluctuations in our stock price based on temporary or speculative market perceptions or other factors that do not necessarily reflect the underlying fundamentals and prospects of our business.

We are subject to anti-takeover effects of certain charter and bylaw provisions and Delaware law, as well as of our substantial insider ownership.

Provisions of our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), Fourth Amended and Restated By-Laws (the “By-Laws”) and Delaware law may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which you might otherwise receive a premium for your shares. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our management and Board. These provisions include providing our Board the ability to set the number of directors and to fill vacancies on the Board occurring between stockholder meetings.

We are also subject to provisions of the Delaware corporation law that, in general, prohibit any business combination with a beneficial owner of 15% or more of our common stock for three years following the date the beneficial owner acquired at least 15% of our stock, unless various conditions are met, such as approval of the transaction by our Board. Together, these charter and statutory provisions could make the removal of management more difficult and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our common stock.

The existence of the foregoing provisions and anti-takeover measures, as well as the significant amount of common stock beneficially owned by Wynnefield Capital, Inc., the Company’s largest equity investor (“Wynnefield”), could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. They could also deter potential acquirers of us, thereby reducing the likelihood that you could receive a premium for your common stock in an acquisition.

We may issue a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the future, and stockholders may be adversely affected by the issuance of those shares.

We may raise additional capital or refinance or restructure our debt by issuing shares of common stock, or other securities convertible into common stock, which will increase the number of shares of common stock outstanding and will result in potentially substantial dilution in the equity interest of our current stockholders and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. For instance, in March 2020, we issued 5,384,615 shares of our common stock in connection with the closing of our registered offering of subscription rights to purchase shares of our common stock to existing holders of our common stock (the “Rights Offering”). We could seek to issue new debt, equity and hybrid securities in the future. In addition, we have issued shares of our common stock pursuant to private placement exemptions from Securities Act registration requirements and may do so in the future in connection with financings, acquisitions, the settlement of litigation and other strategic transactions. We may also issue equity securities (including, but not limited to, warrants to purchase shares of our common stock) in connection with future financing transactions. The issuance, and the resale or potential resale, of shares of our common stock could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and could be dilutive to our stockholders.

Future sales of our common stock and any of our other efforts to raise additional capital may depress our stock price.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market or otherwise, either by us, a member of management or a major stockholder, or the perception that such sales could occur, could depress the market price of our common stock and have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We may seek additional capital through a combination of private and public equity and debt offerings. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, investor ownership interest may be diluted, and the terms may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect investor rights as a stockholder. Additional debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. Any of the above could cause a decline in our stock price.

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 2.  Properties.

Our corporate office is located in Tucker, Georgia. We do not own any properties. Below is a summary of properties leased by our continuing operations as of December 31, 2019.

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings.

Litigation and Claims

We are from time to time party to various lawsuits, claims and other proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. With respect to all such lawsuits, claims and proceedings, we record a reserve when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We do not believe that the resolution of any currently pending lawsuits, claims and proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity. However, the outcomes of any currently pending lawsuits, claims and proceedings cannot be predicted, and therefore, there can be no assurance that this will be the case.

The Company prevailed in a putative shareholder class action, which was captioned Budde v. Global Power Equipment Group Inc. and filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas naming the Company and certain former officers as defendants. This action and another action were filed on May 13, 2015 and June 23, 2015, respectively and, on July 29, 2015, the court consolidated the two actions and appointed a lead plaintiff. Following the District Court’s dismissal with prejudice on September 11, 2018, Plaintiffs appealed the decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. The Fifth Circuit held oral arguments on August 5, 2019. On August 23, 2019, the Fifth Circuit issued a per curiam decision affirming the District Court’s dismissal. Plaintiffs had until November 21, 2019, to petition for certiorari review by the Supreme Court of the United States, but did not do so. The matter is now concluded.

Koontz-Wagner Bankruptcy

On July 11, 2018, Koontz-Wagner filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 7 of Title 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas. The filing was for Koontz-Wagner only, not for the Company as a whole, and was completely separate and distinct from the Williams business and operations. Please refer to “Note 5—Changes in Business—Discontinued Operations—Electrical Solutions” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K for additional information.

For a description of our material pending legal and regulatory proceedings and settlements, please refer to “Note 15—Commitments and Contingencies” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Part II

Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

Our common stock is quoted on the OTCQX under the symbol “WLMS”. Any OTCQX quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commissions and may not represent actual transactions. Such quotes are not necessarily representative of actual transactions or of the value of our securities.

The trading volume for our common stock is relatively limited. An active trading market may not continue to provide adequate liquidity for our existing stockholders or for persons who may acquire our common stock in the future.

Holders

As of March 20, 2020, there were 24,538,058 shares of our common stock outstanding and 120 holders of record of our common stock. We believe that the number of beneficial holders of our common stock is substantially greater than the number of holders of record.

Dividends

We have not paid dividends to holders of our common stock since March 2015, and the terms of the New Centre Lane Facility and the MidCap Facility currently prohibit us from paying cash dividends. In addition, declaration and payment of future dividends would depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, our earnings, financial condition, business development needs, regulatory considerations and the terms of the New Centre Lane Facility and MidCap Facility, and is at the discretion of our Board of Directors. We currently have no plan in place to pay cash dividends. See “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors—We do not currently expect to pay any cash dividends on our common stock, so investors may not receive any return on investment unless investors sell their shares of common stock for a price greater than that which investors paid for them.”

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, we did not sell any of our equity securities in transactions that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Company and Affiliated Purchasers

Neither we, nor any “affiliated purchaser,” as defined in SEC Rule 10b-18(a)(3), purchased any of our equity securities during the three months ended December 31, 2019.

Item 6.  Selected Financial Data.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this item.

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion provides an analysis of the results of our continuing operations, an overview of our liquidity and capital resources and other items related to our business. It contains forward-looking statements about our future revenue, operating results and expectations. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors” for a discussion of the risks, assumptions and uncertainties affecting these statements. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with Part I of this Form 10-K as well as our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Form 10-K.

Our Restructuring

During 2018, we completed the restructuring of our Company and also began expanding our service. Beginning in 2016, we shifted our strategy to become a preferred provider of construction, maintenance and specialty services, to exit all product manufacturing businesses and to use the proceeds from the sales to reduce and restructure our term debt. To effect this change, in the third quarter of 2017, we made the decision to exit and sell substantially all of the operating assets and liabilities of our Mechanical Solutions segment, which we completed in the fourth quarter of 2017, as described below. Additionally, during the fourth quarter of 2017, we made the decision to exit our Electrical Solutions segment (which was comprised solely of Koontz-Wagner). We determined that these two segments met the definition of discontinued operations and, as a result, they have been presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented. In October 2017, we sold substantially all of the operating assets and liabilities of our Mechanical Solutions segment, including our manufacturing facility in Mexico. On July 11, 2018, Koontz-Wagner filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 7 of Title 11 of the Bankruptcy Code with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas. The filing was for Koontz-Wagner only, not for the Company as a whole, and was completely separate and distinct from the Williams business and operations. Unless otherwise specified, the financial information and discussion in this Form 10-K are as of December 31, 2019 and are based on our continuing operations; they exclude any results of our discontinued operations. Please refer to “Note 5—Changes in Business” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K for additional information on our discontinued operations.

Industry Trends and Outlook

Electric Power Generation – We are primarily focused on nuclear and fossil power generation. We are involved in new build power generation facilities, maintenance of existing facilities and the decommissioning of retired facilities. Net electricity generation in the U.S. was relatively unchanged in 2019 compared to 2018. The EIA projects that electricity consumption will remain flat in the U.S. for 2020.

Nuclear New Builds – In nuclear power generation, we are heavily involved in the construction of the only new nuclear reactors being built in the U.S. They are Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4. In 2017, we formed a limited liability company with Bechtel Power Corporation, a global leader in engineering, procurement, construction, and project management, Richmond County Constructors, LLC (“RCC”). RCC operates as construction subcontractor to Bechtel Power Corporation, which has been selected as the prime construction contractor for the Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4. RCC provides construction craft labor and supervision for the project. Williams is a 25% member in RCC. We also have won additional scope of work outside RCC and are currently bidding on other opportunities for direct scope of work. Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4 are expected to become operative in 2021 and 2022, respectively.

Nuclear Decommissioning – Given the average age of nuclear facilities in the U.S., nuclear decommissioning represents the fastest growing field within the nuclear industry. Since 2013 eight U.S. nuclear reactors have been retired with 10 more planned to shut down by 2025. We are currently working with a major contractor in the decommissioning field and believe there may be an opportunity for us to expand our capabilities and more broadly serve the decommissioning of nuclear power facilities. We are actively pursuing projects in the decommissioning market and see this as an opportunity for future growth.

Oil and Gas – Innovation of new technologies is enhancing oil and gas production. These advances are driven from growth in the consumption of natural gas, petroleum, and petrochemical products. The large swings in the price environment  are requiring the industry as a whole to be better equipped with upgraded facilities, new technologies, and better processes to reduce the risk of volatility. Despite the volatility in prices, oil and gas hit record levels in 2019, with natural gas production exceeding 92.8 billion cubic feet per day and crude oil exceeding 12 million barrels per day. We are expanding our services to larger capital and maintenance projects in the oil and gas industry focusing on refineries, process facilities, and midstream terminals.

Water and Wastewater Treatment Landscape – Technological advances in order to keep up with population growth and industrial capacity, is transforming the water and wastewater treatment industry. Nationally, the EPA estimates that the cost of replacing all 6.5 to 10 million lead service lines (LSLs) in the U.S could range from $16 billion to as much as $80 billion. We are expanding our services to target capital projects and maintenance on booster pump stations, well buildouts, treatment expansions, and lift stations within the water and wastewater treatment industry.

Other Fossil Fuel Power Generation – The reduction of coal-fired electricity production has reduced demand for routine maintenance, plant upgrades, modification and new construction at U.S. coal-fired power generation facilities.

The U.S. EIA reported that natural gas-fired generation surpassed coal-fired generation and was the most common electricity fuel in 2016. As a result, we have seen the demand for routine maintenance, plant upgrades, modification and new construction in the gas-fired generation market increase. We have maintained a presence in that market, primarily in capital projects for efficiency improvements. However, because most of those plants are newer than their nuclear and coal counterparts, they require fewer upgrades, which means they also require less maintenance than either coal or nuclear plants.

In early March of 2020, the market experienced a precipitous decline in oil prices in response to oil demand concerns due to the economic impacts of the COVID-19 virus and anticipated increases in supply from Russia and OPEC, particularly Saudi Arabia. While the impact of this oil price decline has yet to be felt in demand for our services, we expect that in response our customers will reduce activity during this period of commodity price weakness and will also seek price reductions for our services. This current uncertainty gives us limited visibility into near term demand for our services; Quarter-to-date through March 2020, the impact of the coronavirus outbreak on our financial performance has not been significant. However, the extent to which the coronavirus may impact our future results is uncertain and depends on future developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak, as well as the impact on industrial production and manufacturing, consumer spending, customers’ inventory supply chains, and demand for our services.

Results of Operations

The following summary and discussion of our results of operations is based on our continuing operations and excludes any results of our discontinued operations. You should refer to this information, as well as the financial data provided in our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Form 10-K, when reading our discussion and analysis of results of operations below.

Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased $56.9 million, or 30.1% compared with 2018. The increase in revenue was due primarily to the volume of construction activities at Plant Vogtle Units 3 and 4, accounting for $19.3 million. Our recent entry into the nuclear industry in Canada contributed $17.0 million in new business revenue. A portion of the growth was driven by a planned utility outage related to our long term maintenance and modification contract accounting for $15.5 million. We also experienced growth in the oil and gas industry-related revenue, which contributed $7.9 million of incremental revenue. These gains were partially offset by a $3.4 million decline in the decommissioning business.

Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased $2.2 million, or 7.5% compared with 2018. This was primarily due to the expansion into the nuclear industry in Canada and our growth in the oil and gas industry.  The remaining increase can be attributed to various projects in the nuclear and fossil markets, which included the early termination of a fixed price nuclear project that contributed $1.7 million in revenue with no additional cost in the fourth quarter of 2019.  These gains were partially offset by the recognition of a $1.3 million loss on a fixed-price fossil fuel project through the third quarter of 2019, for which we recovered approximately $0.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2019.

Operating income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased $15.4 million compared with 2018. The increase in operating income was due to a $13.2 million decrease in operating expenses and the $2.2 million increase in gross profit discussed above. For the year ended December 31, 2019, general and administrative expenses and restructuring charges decreased $5.8 million and $5.7 million, respectively, due to the restructuring efforts undertaken and completed in 2018. Furthermore, selling and marketing expenses decreased $1.1 million, as a result of our cost control efforts, and depreciation expense decreased $0.6 million. The Company also benefited from a $0.2 million decrease in costs related to restatement expenses recognized in 2018 due to the wind-down of restatement activities in conjunction with the March 15, 2017 filing of the 2015 Report, which included the restatement of certain prior period financial results.

General and Administrative Expenses

Total general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2019 decreased $5.8 million compared with 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2019, total employee-related expenses decreased $2.2 million due primarily to our ongoing employee and employee-related expense management efforts and a reduction in headcount compared with 2018. The decrease in employee-related expenses was partially offset by costs recognized in connection with the retirement of our former Chief Financial Officer in June 2019, pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement. Professional fees for the year ended December 31, 2019 decreased $1.8 million compared with 2018, primarily because of the completion of our restructuring initiatives and becoming current with our SEC reporting obligations. Additionally, other expenses for the year ended December 31, 2019 decreased $2.3 million compared with 2018. These decreases in general and administrative expenses for 2019 were partially offset by a $0.5 million increase in stock-based compensation expense compared with 2018.

Restructuring Charges

During 2018, we enacted our plan to significantly reduce corporate overhead and staff by consolidating all our administrative activities in our Tucker, Georgia offices and, as a result, vacated our leased office space in Irving, Texas on September 30, 2018. In March 2019, we subleased the Irving, Texas office space until November 2019, when the lease expired.

Other (Income) Expense, Net

Total other expense, net, for the year ended December 31, 2019 decreased $4.2 million compared with 2018. Interest expense, net decreased $3.0 million due to a lower weighted average interest rate on our long-term borrowings, partially offset by higher outstanding debt obligations. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings under the New Centre Lane Facility for the year ended December 31, 2019 was 12.5%.

In addition, other income, net increased $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared with 2018 as a result of an $0.5 million increase in income from the Company’s 25% interest in an equity method investment and a $0.4 million net settlement on disputes related to the sale of our former Mechanical Solutions segment. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in loss on disposal of assets related to our 2018 restructuring activities.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

We recorded income tax expense from continuing operations of $0.3 million and income tax benefit from continuing operations of $4.4 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our effective tax rates from continuing operations were 24.6% and 24.2% for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The income tax expense in 2019 was mainly comprised of a $0.3 million tax expense for a net increase in deferred tax liabilities related to an increase in indefinite-lived intangible deferred tax liabilities, partially offset by indefinite-lived deferred tax assets created by the 2017 Tax Act.

The Tax Act required companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred. Therefore, we recorded a provisional liability of the transition tax of $2.6 million in 2017.

Discontinued Operations

Please refer to “Note 5—Changes in Business” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K for information regarding discontinued operations.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

During 2019, our principal source of liquidity was borrowings under the MidCap Facility. Our principal uses of cash were to pay for customer contract-related material, labor and subcontract labor, operating expenses, interest expense on the New Centre Lane Facility and the MidCap Facility and exit costs resulting from the Koontz-Wagner bankruptcy. Exit costs related to the Koontz-Wagner bankruptcy were included in loss from discontinued operations in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. See discussion in “Note 11—Debt” and “Note 5—Changes in Business” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

Net Cash Flows

Our net consolidated cash flows, including cash flows related to discontinued operations, consisted of the following:

Cash and Cash Equivalents

As of December 31, 2019, our operating unrestricted cash and cash equivalents increased $2.9 million to $7.4 million. As of December 31, 2019, $4.4 million of its operating cash balance is held in U.S. bank accounts and $2.9 in Canadian bank accounts.

At March 20, 2020, we had $4.6 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents that could be used, along with normal cash flows from operations, to fund certain unanticipated shortfalls in future cash flows.

Operating Activities

Cash flows from operating activities result primarily from earnings sources and are affected by changes in operating assets and liabilities, which consist primarily of working capital balances related to our projects. For the year ended December 31, 2019, cash used by operating activities decreased $10.6 million to $3.8 million. The decrease in our usage of cash during 2019 was partially attributed to an increased focus on our efforts to track and collect on receivables from our customers.

During 2019, our working capital decreased $1.8 million, or 16.6%, to $8.8 million from $10.6 million at December 31, 2018. The decrease in working capital was primarily due to a $13.7 million increase in accounts payable and a $7.6 million increase in short-term borrowings. These increases were partially offset by a $2.9 million increase in cash and cash equivalents, a $15.5 million increase in accounts receivable, net and a $1.8 million decrease in accrued compensation and benefits.

Investing Activities

For the year ended December 31, 2019, our investing activities did not have a significant impact on our net cash flows.

Financing Activities

For the year ended December 31, 2019, net cash provided by financing activities increased $3.9 million. The MidCap Facility grants the lender dominion over our depository bank accounts. As such, our weekly borrowings under the MidCap Facility are our primary source of liquidity. During the year ended December 31, 2019, our borrowings under the MidCap Facility exceeded our repayments from customer cash receipts by $7.6 million. At any point in time, the outstanding balance under the MidCap Facility is a function of the timing of collections of our customer cash receipts and the timing of our cash expenditure needs for the following week for payment of trade payable obligations and payroll and related tax obligations. For additional information about our outstanding debt, including our outstanding term loan, please refer to “Note 11—Debt” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the effect of Canadian foreign exchange rate changes on our cash balances was not material. For the year ended December 31, 2018, our cash flows were not impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency.

Dividends

We have not declared dividends since the first quarter of 2015 and do not anticipate declaring dividends in the near term. As of December 31, 2019, the terms of the New Centre Lane Facility and MidCap Facility restricted our ability to pay dividends. In addition, the timing and amounts of any dividends would be subject to determination and approval by our Board of Directors.

Amendments to Debt Facilities

Amendment to the New Centre Lane Facility.  On January 13, 2020 (the “CL Closing Date”), we entered into the Third Amendment to the New Centre Lane Facility (the “Centre Lane Amendment”), which, among other things, changed the leverage ratio requirement to a “net” leverage ratio, enabling the Company to net unrestricted cash and cash equivalents in excess of $2.5 million against its Total Debt (as defined in the New Centre Lane Facility) when determining the total net leverage ratio; amended the calculation of Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the New Centre Lane Facility); revised the required levels of the total net leverage ratio and minimum Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA for certain future periods; decreased the minimum required liquidity to $1.5 million; increased the prepayment premium required when voluntarily prepaying amounts outstanding under the New Centre Lane Facility to 2% for the year following the CL Closing Date and 1% for the second year following the CL Closing Date; required the payment of a $175,000 amendment fee; and made certain other changes to the New Centre Lane Facility, in each case subject to the terms and conditions of the Centre Lane Amendment.

Amendment to the MidCap Facility.  On January 13, 2020 (the “MC Closing Date”), we entered into the Third Amendment to the MidCap Facility (the “MidCap Amendment”), which, among other things, extended the maturity date of the revolving loan facility by one year to October 11, 2022 and increased the maximum available principal amount of revolving loans by $10.0 million to $25.0 million. The MidCap Amendment also changed the leverage ratio requirement to a “net” leverage ratio, enabling the Company to net unrestricted cash and cash equivalents in excess of $2.5 million against its Total

Debt (as defined in the MidCap Facility) when determining the total net leverage ratio; amended the calculation of Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the MidCap Facility); revised the required levels of the total net leverage ratio and minimum Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA for certain future periods; required the payment of a $150,000 amendment fee; increased the monthly collateral management fee and a certain prepayment fee; and made certain other changes to the MidCap Facility, in each case subject to the terms and conditions of the MidCap Amendment.

In addition to the above modifications, both the Centre Lane Amendment and the MidCap Amendment required certain Canadian subsidiaries of the Company to become guarantors of the Company’s obligations under the respective credit agreement and to grant liens on substantially all of their assets to secure such guarantees, and the Company was required to complete the Rights Offering on or before March 13, 2020, which successfully occurred. We do not have any obligation to repay debt under the MidCap Facility with the proceeds of the Rights Offering and Centre Lane has agreed to exclude the proceeds of the Rights Offering from the applicable mandatory prepayment provisions of the New Centre Lane Facility. For additional information regarding the New Centre Lane Facility and the MidCap Facility, please refer to “Note 11—Debt” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

Liquidity Outlook

Overall, we expect liquidity to continue to improve through 2020 as a result of exiting our former loss-generating businesses and reducing our ongoing operating expenses. However, we may experience periodic short-term constraints on our liquidity as a result of the cash flow requirements of specific projects. A high percentage of our cost of service comes from weekly craft labor payrolls, and the lag between incurrence of those payrolls and the subsequent collection of the resulting customer billings results in negative cash flows for that lag period. Although we utilize the MidCap Facility to address those lag period negative cash flows, contract terms restricting customer invoicing frequency, delays in customer payments, and underlying surety bonds negatively impact our availability under the MidCap Facility. Additionally, we anticipate the remaining cash expenditures resulting from our 2018 restructuring plan will be related to the pension liability recorded as a result of the Koontz-Wagner bankruptcy. The pension liability is expected to be satisfied by annual cash payments of $0.3 million each, paid in quarterly installments, over the next twenty years.

We believe that we have sufficient resources to satisfy our 2020 working capital requirements, as we amended our existing credit facilities with Centre Lane and MidCap on January 13, 2020, as described above. In addition, we successfully completed our Rights Offering, which expired March 2, 2020, pursuant to which we issued 5,384,615 shares of our common stock and received net proceeds of $6.6 million. Due to oversubscriptions under the Rights Offering, Wynnefield Capital, Inc., was not required to backstop the Rights Offering. We intend to use the net proceeds from the Rights Offering, combined with the additional borrowing capacity provided by our amended MidCap Facility, for working capital and general corporate purposes to fund certain of our strategic growth initiatives. In the event that we are unable to address potential liquidity shortfalls in the future, management will need to seek additional funding, which may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all, and may result in management concluding that our liquidity position raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

In addition, COVID-19 continues to spread globally and, as of March 2020, has spread to over 100 countries, including the United States. The full extent of the outbreak, related business and travel restrictions and changes to behavior intended to reduce its spread are uncertain and continue to evolve as of the date of this report. Therefore, the full extent to which coronavirus may impact the Company’s results of operations or liquidity is uncertain. Management continues to monitor the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic is having on the Company and our industry in general. The Company anticipates that its future results of operations, including the results for 2020, will be impacted by the coronavirus outbreak, but at this time does not currently expect that the impact from the coronavirus outbreak will have a material effect on the Company’s liquidity or financial position. However, given the speed and frequency of continuously evolving developments with respect to this pandemic, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the magnitude of the impact to its results of operations, and, if the outbreak continues on its current trajectory, such impacts could grow and become material to its liquidity or financial position. To the extent that the Company’s customers and suppliers continue to be materially and adversely impacted by the coronavirus outbreak, this could reduce the availability, or result in delays, of materials or supplies to or from the Company, which in turn could materially interrupt the Company’s business operations.

Off‑Balance Sheet Transactions

Our liquidity is currently not dependent on the use of off-balance sheet transactions but, in line with industry practice, we are often required to provide payment and performance surety bonds to customers and may be required to provide letters of credit. If performance assurances are extended to customers, generally our maximum potential exposure is limited in the contract with our customers. We frequently obtain similar performance assurances from third-party vendors and subcontractors

for work performed in the ordinary course of contract execution. However, the total costs of a project could exceed our original cost estimates, and we could experience reduced gross profit or possibly a loss for a given project. In some cases, if we fail to meet certain performance standards, we may be subject to contractual liquidated damages.

As of December 31, 2019, we had a contingent liability for issued and outstanding standby letters of credit, generally issued to secure performance on customer contracts. As of December 31, 2019, we had $1.8 million of outstanding standby letters of credit and there were no amounts drawn upon these letters of credit. In addition, as of December 31, 2019, we had outstanding payment and performance surety bonds on projects of $59.3 million.

Contractual Obligations

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide this information.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and related notes requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We have based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

An accounting policy is considered critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the consolidated financial statements. We believe that the following critical accounting policies reflect the significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. The following descriptions of critical accounting policies, judgments and estimates should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

Revenue Recognition.  We provide construction, maintenance and support services to customers in energy, power and industrial end markets. Our services, which are provided through long-term maintenance or discrete project agreements, are designed to improve or sustain our customers’ operating efficiencies and extend the useful lives of their process equipment. The contracts are awarded on a competitively bid and negotiated basis with the majority structured as cost-plus arrangements and the remainder as lump-sum.

Our contracts generally include a single performance obligation for which revenue is recognized over time, as performance obligations are satisfied, due to the continuous transfer of control to the customer. For cost-plus contracts, we recognize revenue when services are performed and contractually billable based upon the hours incurred and agreed-upon hourly rates. Revenue on fixed-price contracts is recognized and invoiced over time using the cost-to-cost percentage-of-completion method. To the extent a contract is deemed to have multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. We do not adjust the price of the contract for the effects of a significant financing component. Change orders are generally not distinct from the existing contract due to the significant integration service provided in the context of the contract and are accounted for as a modification of the existing contract and performance obligation. We believe these methods of revenue recognition most accurately reflect the economics of the transactions with our customers.

Our contracts may include several types of variable consideration, including change orders, rate true-up provisions, retainage, claims, incentives, penalties and liquidated damages. We estimate the amount of revenue to be recognized on variable consideration using estimation methods that best predict the amount of consideration to which we expect to be entitled. We include variable consideration in the estimated transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur or when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available. We update our estimate of the transaction price each reporting period and the effect of variable consideration on the transaction price is recognized as an adjustment to revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis. In circumstances where we cannot reasonably determine the outcome of a contract, we recognize revenue over time as the work is performed, but only to the extent of recoverable costs incurred (i.e. zero margin). A loss provision is recorded for the amount of any estimated

unrecoverable costs in excess of total estimated revenue on a contract as soon as we become aware. We generally provide a limited warranty for a term of two years or less following completion of services performed under our contracts. Historically, warranty claims have not resulted in material costs incurred.

Long-Lived Assets.  Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, and purchased intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset held for use to be tested for possible impairment, we first compare the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset to the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value of the asset exceeds expected future cash flows, the excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value is charged to impairment expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value, less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary. We group long-lived assets by legal entity for purposes of recognition and measurement of an impairment loss, as this is the lowest level for which cash flows are independent.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.  Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually as of October 1 and whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Our indefinite-lived intangible asset consists of the Williams trade name. Our testing of goodwill for potential impairment involves the comparison of each reporting unit’s carrying value to its estimated fair value, which is determined using a combination of income and market approaches.

For purposes of the income approach, fair value is determined based on the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at an appropriate risk-adjusted rate. We use our internal forecasts to estimate future cash flows and include an estimate of long-term future growth rates based on our most recent views of the long-term outlook for our reporting unit. Under the market approach, the fair value is determined by utilizing comparative market multiples in the valuation estimates. The fair value of our Williams reporting unit exceeded book value at December 31, 2019.

Similarly, the testing of our trade names for potential impairment involves the comparison of the carrying value for each trade name to its estimated fair value, which is determined using the relief from royalty method.

Impairment write-downs are charged to results of operations in the period in which the impairment is determined. We recorded no impairment write-downs in 2019.

Income Taxes.  We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to be applied to taxable income in the years in which those differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We recognize income as a result of changes in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities in the period that includes the enactment date.

Under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740—Income Taxes, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) requires companies to assess whether valuation allowances should be established against their deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available positive and negative evidence and utilizing a “more likely than not” standard. In making such assessments, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. A company’s current or previous operating history is given more weight than its future outlook, although we do consider future taxable income projections, ongoing tax planning strategies and the limitation on the use of carryforward losses in determining valuation allowance needs. We establish valuation allowances for our deferred tax assets if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

During the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We recognize the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not to be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We believe that our benefits and accruals recognized are appropriate for all open audit years based on our assessment of many factors, including past experience and interpretation of tax law. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of complex judgments about future events. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is determined to be different than the amounts recorded, those differences will impact income tax expense in the period in which the determination is made.

Tax Cuts and Jobs Acts of 2017

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Act was signed into law, making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Such changes include, but are not limited to, a U.S. federal corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system, and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings as of December 31, 2017.

Due to changes in interpretations and assumptions, and future guidance that may be issued and actions we may take in response to the Tax Act, the ultimate impact of the Tax Act may change in future periods. The Tax Act is highly complex, and we will continue to assess the impact of certain aspects of the Tax Act. For additional information, please refer to “Note 9—Income Taxes” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

Insurance. The Company maintains insurance coverage for most insurable aspects of its business and operations. The Company’s insurance programs, including, but not limited to, health, general liability and workers’ compensation, have varying coverage limits depending upon the type of insurance. We retain exposure to potential losses based on deductibles, coverage limits and retentions. For the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, insurance expense, including insurance premiums related to the excess claim coverage and claims incurred for continuing operations, was $2.8 million and $2.1 million, respectively.

The Company’s consolidated balance sheets include amounts representing its probable estimated liability related to insurance-related claims that are known and have been asserted against the Company, and for insurance-related claims that are believed to have been incurred, but had not yet been reported as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company provided $0.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively, in letters of credit and provided cash collateral of $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, as security for possible workers’ compensation claims.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2019, the FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2019-12, “Income Taxes”, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions for investments, intraperiod allocations and interim calculations, and adding guidance to reduce complexity in accounting for income taxes. The update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40).” This update aligns the requirements for capitalizing costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal use software, including hosting arrangements that are service contracts, over the term of the hosting arrangement. Further, this update requires the presentation of the expense in the statement of income, the presentation of the costs on the statement of financial position and the classification of payments in the statement of cash flows related to capitalized implementation costs to be treated the same as the fees of the associated hosting arrangement. The update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect that this ASU will have a material impact on its results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820).” This amendment update modifies disclosure requirements related to fair value measurement and will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Implementation on a prospective or retrospective basis varies by specific disclosure requirement. Early adoption is permitted, and the standard allows for early adoption of any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of the update, while delaying adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its disclosures. The Company does not expect that this guidance will have a material impact on its disclosures.

Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this item.

Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

The financial statements and other information required by this Item are contained in the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto contained elsewhere in this report.

Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures. 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure based on the definition of “disclosure controls and procedures” in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues within a company are detected. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, utilizing the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in the Internal Control–Integrated Framework (2013). The COSO framework summarizes each of the components of a company’s internal control system, including (i) the control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) control activities, (iv) information and communication and (v) monitoring. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that we had effective internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019.

Remediation of Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting Disclosed in our Annual Report for the Year Ended December 31, 2018

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal controls over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

We reported a number of material weaknesses in Item 9A of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and, because of these material weaknesses, we concluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018. We disclosed the following material weaknesses in our control environment and monitoring listed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018:

We had material weaknesses related to internal control monitoring and activities to support the financial reporting process:

We had material weaknesses related to information technology general controls:

These material weaknesses impacted our accounting for revenue recognition, work-in-process costing, cost of goods sold recognition and accrued liabilities.

During 2019, we designed a remediation plan to strengthen our financial reporting and accounting functions and have taken remediation steps to address these material weaknesses. We also continue to take meaningful steps to enhance our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting by strengthening our financial reporting and accounting functions.

In order to remediate the material weaknesses in our control environment, we engaged an outside firm to assist with the design and implementation of a comprehensive risk-based internal controls plan, including detailed internal controls, updated procedures, forms, checklists, and process flows with roles and responsibilities defined. The firm also completed substantial testing of the internal controls and has been retained to continue monitoring the effectiveness of the controls by performing periodic testing and walk-throughs. This firm will report deficiencies based on future monitoring directly to our Chief Compliance Officer and will evaluate remediation of any deficiencies within a defined period of time.

We restructured our finance and accounting department, upgraded key positions, and trained all employees on the new internal controls. We modified our reporting structure to more clearly define roles, responsibilities, and decisional authority, and to ensure appropriate segregation of duties.

Additional controls were added to ensure more complete and accurate reporting of revenue recognition. Procedures and processes were developed for both accounting and operations personnel relating to job and change order documentation, more rigorous and inclusive reporting process for job cost, estimates at completion, job status, and potential risks that affect revenue recognition.

Our procedures relating to key accounting functions, including the documentation, review and approval of journal entries and account reconciliations and our financial statement close process, which includes monthly checklists with appropriate separation between preparer and approver, have been completed along with training of all applicable employees. 

To enhance our information technology controls, we consolidated our data centers and implemented quarterly reviews of system permissions to restrict user access as appropriate and verify effective segregation of duties.

Finally, we have enhanced the level of communication and access to the internal controls and related policies, procedures, forms, checklists, and process flows for our accounting employees in an effort to remediate the material weakness in our monitoring efforts. These actions are subject to ongoing senior management review and Audit Committee oversight.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except for the remediation measures described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the fourth quarter 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

This Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Form 10-K.

Item 9B.  Other Information.

None.

Part III

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

The information required by Item 10 with respect to our executive officers is included in Part I of this Form 10-K under the caption “Information about our Executive Officers”. The other information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the information included under the captions “Proposal No. 1 – Election of Directors,” “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports,” and “The Board, its Committees and its Compensation – Board Leadership Structure and Committee Composition – Audit Committee” in our Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we plan to file within 120 days after December 31, 2019, the end of our fiscal year.

The Board of Directors has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which outlines the principles of legal and ethical business conduct under which we do business. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is applicable to all of our directors, officers and employees. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available under the heading “Governance — Governance Documents” of the Investor Relations section of our website at http://www.wisgrp.com. Upon written request to our Corporate Secretary sent to our principal executive offices, we will provide a copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics free of charge. Any substantive amendment of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and any waiver of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for executive officers or directors, will be made only after approval by the Board or a committee of the Board, and will be disclosed on our website. In addition, any such waiver will be disclosed within four days on a Form 8-K filed with the SEC if then required by applicable rules and regulations.

Item 11.  Executive Compensation.

The information required by Item 11 is incorporated by reference to the information included under the captions “Executive Compensation” “The Board, its Committees and its Compensation – Director Compensation” and “2019 Director Compensation” in our Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The information required by Item 12 is incorporated by reference to the information included under the captions “Executive Compensation – Equity Compensation Plan Information” and “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

The information required by Item 13 is incorporated by reference to the information included under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “The Board, its Committees and its Compensation – Director Independence” in our Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Item 14.  Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

The information required by Item 14 is incorporated by reference to the information included under the caption “Proposal No. 2 – Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in our Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Part IV

Item 15.  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

Documents filed as part of this Report:

Financial Statements: The following report of our independent accountants and our consolidated financial statements are set forth in the index beginning on page F-1:

All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.

List of Exhibits

We agree to furnish to the SEC, upon request, copies of any long-term debt instruments that authorize an amount of securities constituting 10% or less of the total assets of Williams on a consolidated basis.

*Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

♦Filed herewith.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

None.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: March 27, 2020

Each individual whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Tracy D. Pagliara, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Charles E. Wheelock, Senior Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel and Secretary, and each of them singly, his true and lawful attorneys‑in‑fact and agents with full power of substitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10‑K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys‑in‑fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all the said attorneys‑in‑fact and agents or any of them or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant, in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Williams Industrial Services Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Table of Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

Williams Industrial Services Group Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Williams Industrial Services Group Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for leases due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification Topic No. 842.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Moss Adams LLP

Dallas, Texas

March 27, 2020

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.

WILLIAMS INDUSTRIAL SERVICES GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

WILLIAMS INDUSTRIAL SERVICES GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS