Attached files
| file | filename |
|---|---|
| 8-K - PHARMACYCLICS INC | form8k07380_05152013.htm |
| EX-99.3 - PHARMACYCLICS INC | ex993to8k07380_05152013.htm |
| EX-99.5 - PHARMACYCLICS INC | ex995to8k07380_05152013.htm |
| EX-99.4 - PHARMACYCLICS INC | ex994to8k07380_05152013.htm |
| EX-99.1 - PHARMACYCLICS INC | ex991to8k07380_05152013.htm |
Exhibit 99.2
Poster Display and Discussion Session at ASCO, Chicago, IL (May 31- June 4, 2013)
Abstract: Tumor genomic profiling reveals mechanisms of resistance to BTK inhibitor ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Date/Time Poster Display: June 01, 2013, 8:00AM - 12:00PM
Location: S405
Poster Discussion: 12:00PM - 1:00PM
Location: S406
Betty Y Chang1, Richard Furman2, Marc Zapatka3, Jacqueline C Barrientos4, Daniel Li1, Susanne Steggerda1, Karl Eckert1, Michelle Francesco1, Jennifer A. Woyach5, Amy J. Johnson5, Danielle F. James1, Matthias Versele6, John C. Byrd5, Stephan Stilgenbauer7, and Joseph J. Buggy1
1Pharmacyclics, Inc., Sunnyvale CA, 2Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 3Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, 4Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New York, NY, 5The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 6Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium, 7Department of Internal Medicine III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
Background: Ibrutinib interacts covalently with cysteine 481 of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), resulting in targeted inhibition of B cell receptor signaling. Early trials of ibrutinib mono- or combination therapy enrolled 246 CLL patients receiving a median of 14 months of ibrutinib. 20 patients (8%) experienced progressive disease (PD), including 8 patients with Richter's transformation. Here we examine changes to the CLL genome in 3 patients that acquired resistance to ibrutinib.
Methods: Ibrutinib resistance was defined as patients achieving partial response (PR) or better lasting ≥ 6 months, then developing PD without Richter’s transformation. RNAseq and whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by comparative genome analysis was performed at baseline and after PD and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RNAseq and WES data were aligned using TopHat and BWA software. Single nucleotide variations (SNVs) were identified using SAMtools mpileup.
Results: Compared to patients who relapsed from conventional chemotherapy, minimal genomic changes were acquired in ibrutinib resistant patients, reflecting relative genomic stability. SNVs were discovered in 3 patients specific to the relapse sample (Table 1). 2 out of 3 patients had distinct SNVs that each encode a cysteine-to-serine substitution at position 481of BTK (C481S). Homologous cysteine residues in BMX, ITK, TEC and BLK were wild-type (WT). Ibrutinib inhibited recombinant C481S 25 fold less potently than WT, and could not covalently bind C481S expressed in cells. The third patient had WT BTK, but acquired a potential gain-of-function mutation encoding a R665W substitution in PLCg2, a substrate of BTK, consistent with constitutive PLCg2 activation.
Conclusions: Although rare, the acquisition of C481S BTK and R665W PLCg2 mutations in the setting of resistance confirms BTK as an important pharmacologic target of ibrutinib, and suggests mechanisms of ibrutinib resistance.
Table 1
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Study
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RXn
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Duration on ibrutinib
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Best response
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Mutation
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|
PCYC-04753
|
ibrutinib 560 mg daily
|
575 days
|
PR
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C481S BTK
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|
PCYC-1102
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ibrutinib 420 mg daily
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581 days
|
PR
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R665W PLCg2
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|
PCYC-1108
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ibrutinib 420 mg daily + Bendamustine /Rituximab x 6 cycles
|
388 days
|
CR
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C481S BTK
|