Exhibit 5.1

One Financial Center Boston, MA 02111 617-542-6000 617-542-2241 fax www.mintz.com

January 16, 2019

Microbot Medical Inc.

25 Recreation Park Drive, Unit 108

Hingham, Massachusetts 02043

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as legal counsel to Microbot Medical Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the preparation and filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) of a Prospectus Supplement, dated January 15, 2019 (the “Prospectus Supplement”), to a Registration Statement (File No.: 333-217076) on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”), filed by the Company with the Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Prospectus Supplement relates to the issuance and sale of shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “Common Stock”) pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 15, 2019, between the Company and the purchasers named therein (the “Purchase Agreement”). The Purchase Agreement will be filed as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement. This opinion is being rendered in connection with the filing of the Prospectus Supplement with the Commission. All capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the respective meanings given to them in the Purchase Agreement.

In connection with this opinion, we have examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of (i) the Registration Statement, including the Prospectus Supplement, (ii) the Purchase Agreement, (iii) the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended, as currently in effect, (iv) the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, as currently in effect, and (v) certain resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company and committees thereof with respect to the Purchase Agreement and the issuance of the Shares. We have also examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such records of the Company and such agreements, certificates of public officials, certificates of officers or other representatives of the Company and others, and such other documents, certificates and records, as we have deemed necessary or appropriate as a basis for the opinion set forth herein.

In our examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of natural persons, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as certified or photostatic copies and the authenticity of the originals of such copies. We have relied, without independent verification, on certificates of public officials and, as to matters of fact material to the opinions set forth below, on certificates of officers of the Company.

Our opinion is limited to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and we express no opinion with respect to the laws of any other jurisdiction. No opinion is expressed herein with respect to the qualification of the Shares under the securities or blue sky laws of any state or any foreign jurisdiction.

Please note that we are opining only as to the matters expressly set forth herein, and no opinion should be inferred as to any other matters. This opinion is based upon currently existing statutes, rules, regulations and judicial decisions, and we disclaim any obligation to advise you of any change in any of these sources of law or subsequent legal or factual developments which might affect any matters or opinions set forth herein.

Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C.

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Based upon, subject to and limited by the foregoing, as of the date hereof, we are of the opinion that the Shares, when issued and sold in accordance with the Purchase Agreement and in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and the Prospectus Supplement, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

We understand that you wish to file this opinion with the Commission as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K and the Registration Statement in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Act and to reference the firm’s name under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus Supplement, and we hereby consent thereto. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.