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EX-32 - CERTIFICATE PURSUANT TO SECTION 18 U.S.C. PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANE - F&M BANK CORPfmbm_ex32.htm
EX-31.2 - CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A)/15D-14(A) CERTIFICATIONS SECTION 302 OF - F&M BANK CORPfmbm_ex312.htm
EX-31.1 - CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13A-14(A)/15D-14(A) CERTIFICATIONS SECTION 302 OF - F&M BANK CORPfmbm_ex311.htm
 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
[X]          
Quarterly report Under Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018.
 
[   ]    
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
Commission File Number: 000-13273
 
F & M BANK CORP.
 
Virginia
 
54-1280811
 (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) 
 
 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
P. O. Box 1111
Timberville, Virginia 22853
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
 
(540) 896-8941
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files. Yes [X] No [ ]
 
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “an emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)
 
Large accelerated filer ☐
 Accelerated filer ☑
 Non-accelerated filer ☐
 (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company ☐
 
 Emerging growth company ☐
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [ ] No [X]
 
State the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
 
Class
Outstanding at November 6, 2018
Common Stock, par value - $5
3,218,974 shares
 
 
 
 
F & M BANK CORP.
 
Index
 
Part I
Financial Information
3
 
 
 
Item 1.
Financial Statements
3
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets – Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
3
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Income – Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
4
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Income – Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
5
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
6
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity – Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
7
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017
8
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
9
 
 
 
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
35
 
 
 
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
49
 
 
 
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
49
 
 
 
Part II
Other Information
50
 
 
 
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
50
 
 
 
Item 1a.
Risk Factors
50
 
 
 
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
50
 
 
 
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
50
 
 
 
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
50
 
 
 
Item 5.
Other Information
50
 
 
 
Item 6.
Exhibits
50
 
 
 
Signatures  
51
 
 
 
Certifications  
52
 
 
2
 
 
Part I Financial Information
Item 1 Financial Statements
 
F & M BANK CORP.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
 
 
 
September 30,
 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017*
 
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
 $10,305 
 $10,622 
Money market funds
  805 
  1,285 
Federal funds sold
  6,313 
  - 
Cash and cash equivalents
  17,423 
  11,907 
Securities:
    
    
Held to maturity – fair value of $123 and $125 in 2018 and 2017, respectively
  123 
  125 
Available for sale
  8,244 
  28,615 
Other investments
  13,857 
  12,503 
Loans held for sale
  38,595 
  39,775 
Loans held for investment
  646,784 
  616,974 
Less: allowance for loan losses
  (7,273)
  (6,044)
Net loans held for investment
  639,511 
  610,930 
 
    
    
Other real estate owned, net
  2,063 
  1,984 
Bank premises and equipment, net
  17,575 
  15,894 
Interest receivable
  2,076 
  2,007 
Goodwill
  2,956 
  2,881 
Bank owned life insurance
  19,320 
  13,950 
Other assets
  13,862 
  12,699 
Total assets
 $775,605 
 $753,270 
Liabilities
    
    
Deposits:
    
    
Noninterest bearing
 $163,913 
 $162,233 
Interest bearing
  425,072 
  406,944 
Total deposits
  588,985 
  569,177 
 
    
    
Short-term debt
  30,000 
  25,296 
Accrued liabilities
  17,633 
  17,789 
Long-term debt
  46,326 
  49,733 
Total liabilities
  682,944 
  661,995 
 
    
    
Stockholders’ Equity
    
    
Preferred Stock $25 par value, 400,000 shares authorized, 322,510 and 324,150 issued and
 $7,488 
 $7,529 
  outstanding for September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively
    
    
Common stock, $5 par value, 6,000,000 shares authorized, 3,223,683 and 3,255,036 shares issued
  16,118 
  16,275 
  and outstanding for September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
    
    
Additional paid in capital – common stock
  9,316 
  10,225 
Retained earnings
  63,473 
  60,814 
Non-controlling interest in consolidated subsidiaries
  539 
  574 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
  (4,273)
  (4,142)
Total stockholders’ equity
 $92,661 
 $91,275 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 $775,605 
 $753,270 
 
*2017 derived from audited consolidated financial statements.
 
 
3
 
 
F & M BANK CORP.
Consolidated Statements of Income
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
September 30,
 
Interest and Dividend income
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Interest and fees on loans held for investment
 $8,862 
 $8,221 
Interest and fees on loans held for sale
  317 
  329 
Interest from money market funds and federal funds sold
  48 
  41 
Interest on debt securities – taxable
  101 
  97 
Total interest and dividend income
  9,328 
  8,688 
 
    
    
Interest expense
    
    
       Total interest on deposits
  872 
  698 
       Interest from short-term debt
  146 
  14 
       Interest from long-term debt
  286 
  318 
Total interest expense
  1,304 
  1,030 
 
    
    
Net interest income
  8,024 
  7,658 
 
    
    
Provision for Loan Losses
  450 
  - 
Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan Losses
  7,574 
  7,658 
 
    
    
Noninterest income
    
    
Service charges on deposit accounts
  378 
  359 
Investment services and insurance income, net
  239 
  169 
        Mortgage banking income, net
  529 
  783 
        Title insurance income
  404 
  325 
Income on bank owned life insurance
  158 
  112 
        Low income housing partnership losses
  (189)
  (201)
        ATM and check card fees
  395 
  353 
       Other operating income
  233 
  245 
Total noninterest income
  2,147 
  2,145 
 
    
    
Noninterest expense
    
    
Salaries
  3,277 
  3,194 
Employee benefits
  935 
  689 
Occupancy expense
  286 
  281 
Equipment expense
  271 
  224 
FDIC insurance assessment
  70 
  20 
       Other real estate owned, net
  15 
  (4)
       Marketing expense
  156 
  147 
       Legal and professional fees
  173 
  78 
      ATM and check card fees
  185 
  183 
      Telecommunication and data processing expense
  401 
  370 
      Directors fees
  117 
  117 
      Bank franchise tax
  105 
  167 
       Other operating expenses
  978 
  793 
Total noninterest expense
  6,969 
  6,259 
 
    
    
Income before income taxes
  2,752 
  3,544 
Income tax expense
  252 
  946 
Net Income
  2,500 
  2,598 
        Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
  (15)
  48 
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.
 $2,515 
 $2,550 
        Dividends paid/accumulated on preferred stock
  103 
  103 
Net income available to common stockholders
 $2,412 
 $2,447 
 
    
    
 
Per Common Share Data
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income – basic
 $.75 
 $.75 
Net income – diluted
 $.70 
  .70 
Cash dividends on common stock
 $.25 
 $.24 
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic
  3,229,341 
  3,270,969 
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted
  3,587,650 
  3,632,607 
 
 
 
4
 
 
F & M BANK CORP.
Consolidated Statements of Income
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
 
September 30,
 
Interest and Dividend income
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Interest and fees on loans held for investment
 $25,872 
 $23,830 
Interest and fees on loans held for sale
  775 
  774 
Interest from money market funds and federal funds sold
  73 
  116 
Interest on debt securities – taxable
  313 
  234 
Total interest and dividend income
  27,033 
  24,954 
 
    
    
Interest expense
    
    
       Total interest on deposits
  2,377 
  1,947 
       Interest from short-term debt
  282 
  46 
       Interest from long-term debt
  739 
  868 
Total interest expense
  3,398 
  2,861 
 
    
    
Net interest income
  23,635 
  22,093 
 
    
    
Provision for Loan Losses
  2,480 
  - 
Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan Losses
  21,155 
  22,093 
 
    
    
Noninterest income
    
    
Service charges on deposit accounts
  1,102 
  1,010 
Investment services and insurance income
  659 
  530 
        Mortgage banking income, net
  1,664 
  1,763 
       Title insurance income
  966 
  879 
Income on bank owned life insurance
  380 
  336 
        Low income housing partnership losses
  (573)
  (587)
        ATM and check card fees
  1,130 
  1,034 
        Gain on prepayment of long-term debt
  - 
  504 
        Loss on sale of other investments
  - 
  (42)
        Other operating income
  551 
  513 
Total noninterest income
  5,879 
  5,940 
 
    
    
Noninterest expense
    
    
Salaries
  9,424 
  8,502 
Employee benefits
  2,811 
  2,467 
Occupancy expense
  823 
  776 
Equipment expense
  788 
  613 
FDIC insurance assessment
  166 
  200 
       Other real estate owned, net
  17 
  22 
       Marketing expense
  387 
  404 
       Legal and professional fees
  372 
  253 
      ATM and check card fees
  541 
  529 
      Telecommunication and data processing expense
  1,152 
  1,045 
      Directors fees
  345 
  360 
      Bank franchise tax
  417 
  491 
       Other operating expenses
  2,836 
  2,464 
Total noninterest expense
  20,079 
  18,126 
 
    
    
Income before income taxes
  6,955 
  9,907 
Income tax expense
  790 
  2,633 
Net Income
  6,165 
  7,274 
        Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
  (10)
  51 
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.
 $6,175 
 $7,223 
        Dividends paid/accumulated on preferred stock
  310 
  312 
Net income available to common stockholders
 $5,865 
 $6,911 
Per Common Share Data
    
    
Net income – basic
 $1.81 
 $2.11 
Net income – diluted
 $1.71 
  1.99 
Cash dividends on common stock
  .95 
 $.69 
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic
  3,245,032 
  3,271,863 
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted
  3,604,193 
  3,634,856 
 
 
5
 
 
F & M BANK CORP.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income
 $6,175 
 $7,223 
 $2,515 
 $2,550 
 
    
    
    
    
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
    
    
    
    
Unrealized holding (losses)
    
    
    
    
     on available-for-sale securities
  (166)
  (2)
  2 
  - 
Tax effect
  35 
  1 
  - 
  - 
Unrealized holding (losses), net of tax
  (131)
  (1)
  2 
  - 
Total other comprehensive (loss) income
  (131)
  (1)
  2 
  - 
Total comprehensive income
 $6,044 
 $7,222 
 $2,517 
 $2,550 
 
    
    
    
    
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 $(10)
 $51 
 $(15)
 $48 
 
    
    
    
    
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to F&M Bank Corp.
 $6,034 
 $7,273 
 $2,502 
 $2,598 
 
    
    
    
    
 
 
6
 
 
F & M BANK CORP.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
 
September 30,
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, beginning of period
 $91,275 
 $86,682 
 
    
    
Comprehensive income
    
    
Net income – F & M Bank Corp
  6,175 
  7,223 
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
  (10)
  51 
Other comprehensive (loss)
  (131)
  (1)
Total comprehensive income
  6,034 
  7,273 
 
    
    
Minority interest capital distributions
  (25)
  (149)
Issuance of common stock
  210 
  150 
Repurchase of common stock
  (1,375)
  (199)
Repurchase of preferred stock
  (63)
  (101)
Dividends paid
  (3,395)
  (2,500)
Balance, end of period
 $92,661 
 $91,156 
 
 
7
 
 
F & M BANK CORP.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Cash flows from operating activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 $6,175 
 $7,223 
Reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
    
    
Depreciation
  852 
  660 
Amortization of intangibles
  49 
  2 
Amortization of securities
  4 
 
Proceeds from loans held for sale originated
  31,665 
  61,310 
Loans held for sale originated
  (30,048)
  (59,250)
Gain on sale of loans held for sale originated
  (1,617)
  (1,876)
Gain on prepayment of long-term debt
  - 
  (504)
Provision for loan losses
  2,480 
  - 
Increase in interest receivable
  (69)
  (60)
Increase in other assets
  (656)
  (336)
Decrease in accrued liabilities
  (701)
  (422)
Amortization of limited partnership investments
  573 
  587 
Income from life insurance investment
  (380)
  (336)
Gain on the sale of fixed assets
  (9)
  - 
Loss on sale of investments
  - 
  42 
               Gain on sale and valuation adjustments for other real estate owned
  (28)
  - 
  Net cash provided by operating activities
  8,290 
  7,040 
 
    
    
Cash flows from investing activities
    
    
Purchase of investments available for sale and other investments
  (3,361)
  (61,432)
Purchase of title insurance company
  (75)
  (304)
Proceeds from maturity of investments available for sale
  21,636 
  63,811 
Proceeds from the sale of investments
  - 
  55 
Net increase in loans held for investment
  (31,254)
  (29,070)
Net decrease in loans held for sale participations
  1,180 
  4,373 
Purchase of bank owned life insurance
  (5,000)
  - 
Proceeds from the sale of fixed assets
  9 
  (7)
Proceeds from the sale of other real estate owned
  141 
  80 
Net purchase of property and equipment
  (2,533)
  (3,036)
  Net cash used in investing activities
  (19,257)
  (25,530)
 
    
    
Cash flows from financing activities
    
    
Net change in deposits
  19,808 
  25,295 
Net change in short-term debt
  4,704 
  2,128 
Dividends paid in cash
  (3,395)
  (2,500)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
  210 
  150 
Repurchase of preferred stock
  (63)
  (101)
Repurchase of common stock
  (1,375)
  (199)
Repayments of long-term debt
  (3,406)
  (12,892)
  Net cash provided by financing activities
  16,483 
  11,881 
 
    
    
Net increase (decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
  5,516 
  (6,609)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
  11,907 
  16,355 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
 $17,423 
 $9,746 
Supplemental Cash Flow information:
    
    
Cash paid for:
    
    
Interest
 $3,340 
 $2,850 
           Taxes
  1,657 
  3,495 
Supplemental non-cash disclosures:
    
    
Transfer from loans to other real estate owned
  193 
  145 
Change in unrealized (loss) on securities available for sale
  (166)
  (2)
 
 
8
 
 
Note 1.  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Principles of Consolidation
 
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements including the accounts of Farmers & Merchants Bank, TEB Life Insurance Company, Farmers & Merchants Financial Services, Inc., VBS Mortgage, LLC (dba F&M Mortgage), (net of non-controlling interest) and VSTitle, LLC and in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for the interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U. S. GAAP for complete financial statements. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018. These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “2017 Form 10-K”).
 
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Bank and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
Nature of Operations
 
The Company, through its subsidiary Farmers & Merchants Bank (the “Bank”), operates under a charter issued by the Commonwealth of Virginia and provides commercial banking services. As a state chartered bank, the Bank is subject to regulation by the Virginia Bureau of Financial Institutions and the Federal Reserve Bank. The Bank provides services to customers primarily located in Rockingham, Shenandoah, Page and Augusta Counties in Virginia. Services are provided at thirteen branch offices and a Dealer Finance Division. The Company offers insurance, mortgage lending, title insurance and financial services through its subsidiaries, TEB Life Insurance, Inc., Farmers & Merchants Financial Services, Inc. (FMFS), F&M Mortgage, and VSTitle, LLC (VST). The Company purchased VSTitle, a title company headquartered in Harrisonburg, VA with offices in Harrisonburg, Fishersville and Charlottesville, VA on January 1, 2017. VSTitle purchased a small title company in January of 2018.
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that effect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, goodwill and intangibles, fair value, the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, pension accounting and the valuation of foreclosed real estate. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for fair presentation of the results of operations in these financial statements, have been made.
 
Reclassification
 
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to current period presentation. None of these reclassifications are considered material and have no impact on net income.
 
 
9
 
 
Note 1. 
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued
 
Earnings per Share
 
Accounting guidance specifies the computation, presentation and disclosure requirements for earnings per share (“EPS”) for entities with publicly held common stock or potential common stock such as options, warrants, convertible securities or contingent stock agreements if those securities trade in a public market. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.  In calculating diluted EPS net income available to common stockholders is used as the numerator and the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive common shares had been issued.  The dilutive effect of conversion of preferred stock is reflected in the diluted earnings per share calculation.
 
Net income available to common stockholders represents consolidated net income adjusted for preferred dividends declared.
 
The following table provides a reconciliation of net income to net income available to common stockholders for the periods presented:  
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
For the Nine months ended
 
 
For the Three months ended
 
 
For the Nine months ended
 
 
For the Three months ended
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
Earnings available to common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 $6,165 
 $2,500 
 $7,274 
 $2,598 
Non-controlling interest income (loss)
  (10)
  (15)
  51 
  48 
Preferred stock dividends
  310 
  103 
  312 
  103 
Net income available to common stockholders
 $5,865 
 $2,412 
 $6,911 
 $2,447 
 
The following table shows the effect of dilutive preferred stock conversion on the Company's earnings per share for the periods indicated:
 
 
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2018
 
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
Income
 
 
Weighted Average Shares
 
 
Per Share Amounts
 
 
Income
 
 
Weighted Average Shares
 
 
Per Share Amounts
 
Basic EPS
 $5,865 
  3,245,032 
 $1.81 
 $6,911 
  3,271,863 
 $2.11 
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
    
    
    
    
    
    
     Convertible Preferred Stock
  310 
  359,161 
  (.10)
  312 
  362,993 
  (0.12)
Diluted EPS
 $6,175 
  3,604,193 
 $1.71 
 $7,223 
  3,634,856 
 $1.99 
 
 
 
Three months ended September 30, 2018
 
 
Three months ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
Income
 
 
Weighted Average Shares
 
 
Per Share Amounts
 
 
Income
 
 
Weighted Average Shares
 
 
Per Share Amounts
 
Basic EPS
 $2,412 
  3,229,341 
 $.75 
 $2,447 
  3,270,969 
 $.75 
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
    
    
    
    
    
    
     Convertible Preferred Stock
  103 
  358,309 
  (.05)
  103 
  361,638 
  (0.05)
Diluted EPS
 $2,515 
  3,587,650 
 $.70 
 $2,550 
  3,632,607 
 $.70 
 
 
 
10
 
 
Note 2. 
Investment Securities
 
Investment securities available for sale are carried in the consolidated balance sheets at their approximate fair value. Investment securities held to maturity are carried in the consolidated balance sheets at their amortized cost at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross
 
 
Gross
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Unrealized
 
 
Fair
 
 
 
Cost
 
 
Gains
 
 
Losses
 
 
Value
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U. S. Treasuries
 $123 
 $- 
 $- 
 $123 
December 31, 2017
    
    
    
    
U. S. Treasuries
 $125 
 $- 
 $- 
 $125 
 
    
    
    
    
 
The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale are as follows:
 
 
 
Amortized Cost
 
 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
 
Fair Value
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises
 $7,999 
 $- 
 $179 
 $7,820 
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies
  435 
  - 
  11 
  424 
Total Securities Available for Sale
 $8,434 
 $- 
 $190 
 $8,244 
 
    
    
    
    
December 31, 2017
    
    
    
    
U. S. Treasuries
 $19,998 
 $- 
 $- 
 $19,998 
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises
  7,999 
  - 
  19 
  7,980 
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies
  508 
  - 
  6 
  502 
Equity securities1
  135 
  - 
  - 
  135 
Total Securities Available for Sale
 $28,640 
 $- 
 $25 
 $28,615 
 
1 Transferred to other investments on January 1, 2018 upon adoption of ASU 2016-01
 
The amortized cost and fair value of securities at September 30, 2018, by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
 
 
 
Securities Held to Maturity
 
 
Securities Available for Sale
 
 
 
Amortized
 
 
Fair
 
 
Amortized
 
 
Fair
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Cost
 
 
Value
 
 
Cost
 
 
Value
 
Due in one year or less
 $- 
 $- 
 $- 
 $- 
Due after one year through five years
  123 
  123 
  5,999 
  5,880 
Due after five years
  - 
  - 
  2,435 
  2,364 
Due after ten years
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
Total
 $123 
 $123 
 $8,434 
 $8,244 
 
There were no gains or losses on sales of available for sale securities in the three or nine month periods ended September 30, 2018 or 2017. There were also no securities with other than temporary impairment and no securities that had been in a continuous loss position in excess of twelve months as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
 
 
11
 
 
Note 2.             Investment Securities, continued
 
A summary of unrealized losses (in thousands) and the length of time in a continuous loss position, by security type of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:
 
 
 
Less than 12 Months
 
 
More than 12 Months
 
 
Total
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
Unrealized Losses
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
Unrealized Losses
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
Unrealized Losses
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises
 $7,820 
 $(179)
 $- 
 $- 
 $7,820 
 $(179)
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies
  424 
  (11)
  - 
  - 
  424 
  (11)
Total
 $8,244 
 $(190)
 $- 
 $- 
 $8,244 
 $(190)
 
 
 
Less than 12 Months
 
 
More than 12 Months
 
 
Total
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
Unrealized Losses
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
Unrealized Losses
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
Unrealized Losses
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U. S. Government sponsored enterprises
 $3,981 
 $(19)
 $- 
 $- 
 $3,981 
 $(19)
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies
  502 
  (6)
  - 
  - 
  502 
  (6)
Total
 $4,483 
 $(25)
 $- 
 $- 
 $4,483 
 $(25)
 
As of September 30, 2018, other investments consist of investments in twenty low-income housing and historic equity partnerships (carrying basis of $8,331), stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank (carrying basis $3,922) and various other investments (carrying basis $1,604). The interests in low-income housing and historic equity partnerships have limited transferability and the interests in the other stocks are restricted as to sales. The fair values of these securities are estimated to approximate their carrying value as of September 30, 2018. At September 30, 2018, the Company was committed to invest an additional $4,324 in six low-income housing limited partnerships. These funds will be paid as requested by the general partner to complete the projects. This additional investment has been reflected in the above carrying basis and in accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. During the first quarter of 2017, both Farmers & Merchants Financial Services and F&M Mortgage ended their relationship with Bankers Title Virginia resulting in a consolidated loss of $42.
 
Note 3.     
Loans
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Construction/Land Development
 $68,806 
 $71,620 
Farmland
  16,735 
  13,606 
Real Estate
  188,460 
  184,546 
Multi-Family
  9,823 
  10,298 
Commercial Real Estate
  155,651 
  148,906 
Home Equity – closed end
  10,765 
  11,606 
Home Equity – open end
  55,136 
  54,739 
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate
  35,715 
  36,912 
Consumer
  10,660 
  6,633 
Dealer Finance
  92,084 
  75,169 
Credit Cards
  2,949 
  2,939 
Total
 $646,784 
 $616,974 
Loans held for investment outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are summarized as follows:
 
 
The Company has pledged loans held for investment as collateral for borrowings with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta totaling $187,927 and $218,323 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The Company maintains a blanket lien on its entire residential real estate portfolio and certain commercial and home equity loans.
 
 
12
 
 
Note 3.   
Loans, continued
 
Loans held for sale consists of loans originated by F&M Mortgage for sale in the secondary market, and the Bank’s commitment to purchase residential mortgage loan participations from Northpointe Bank. The volume of loans purchased from Northpointe fluctuates due to a number of factors including changes in secondary market rates, which affects demand for mortgage loans; the number of participating banks involved in the program; the number of mortgage loan originators selling loans to the lead bank and the funding capabilities of the lead bank. Loans held for sale as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $38,595 and $39,775, respectively.
 
The following is a summary of information pertaining to impaired loans (dollars in thousand):
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unpaid
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unpaid
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Principal
 
 
Related
 
 
Recorded
 
 
Principal
 
 
Related
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Balance
 
 
Allowance
 
 
Investment
 
 
Balance
 
 
Allowance
 
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Construction/Land Development
 $2,972 
 $2,972 
 $- 
 $4,352 
 $5,269 
 $- 
     Farmland
  1,941 
  1,941 
  - 
  1,984 
  1,984 
  - 
     Real Estate
  1,366 
  1,366 
  - 
  1,273 
  1,273 
  - 
     Multi-Family
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Commercial Real Estate
  1,444 
  1,444 
  - 
  6,229 
  6,229 
  - 
     Home Equity – closed end
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Home Equity – open end
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  347 
  - 
     Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Consumer
  - 
  - 
  - 
  8 
  8 
  - 
     Credit cards
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Dealer Finance
  16 
  16 
  - 
  31 
  31 
  - 
 
  7,739 
  7,739 
  - 
  13,877 
  15,141 
  - 
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance
    
    
    
    
    
    
     Construction/Land Development
  6,826 
  7,386 
  2,182 
  4,998 
  4,998 
  1,661 
     Farmland
  - 
  - 
    
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Real Estate
  426 
  426 
  7 
  1,188 
  1,188 
  209 
     Multi-Family
  - 
  - 
    
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Commercial Real Estate
  5,851 
  5,851 
  1,539 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Home Equity – closed end
  - 
  - 
    
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Home Equity – open end
  - 
  - 
    
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate
  - 
  - 
    
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Consumer
  9 
  9 
  2 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Credit cards
  - 
  - 
    
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Dealer Finance
  234 
  234 
  15 
  47 
  47 
  12 
 
  13,346 
  13,906 
  3,745 
  6,233 
  6,233 
  1,882 
Total impaired loans
 $21,085 
 $21,645 
 $3,745 
 $20,110 
 $21,374 
 $1,882 
 
The Recorded Investment is defined as the original principal balance less principal payments, charge-offs and nonaccrual payments applied to principal.
 
 
13
 
Note 3. 
Loans Held for Investment, continued
 
The following is a summary of the average investment and interest income recognized for impaired loans (dollars in thousands):
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
Average Recorded
 
 
Interest Income
 
 
Average Recorded
 
 
Interest Income
 
 
Average Recorded
 
 
Interest Income
 
 
Average Recorded
 
 
Interest Income
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Recognized
 
 
Investment
 
 
Recognized
 
 
Investment
 
 
Recognized
 
 
Investment
 
 
Recognized
 
Impaired loans without a valuation allowance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Construction/Land Development
 $3,725 
 $47 
 $5,414 
 $14 
 $4,440 
 $126 
 $4,870 
 $64 
     Farmland
  1,962 
  80 
  1,921 
  - 
  1,973 
  142 
  1,900 
  - 
     Real Estate
  930 
  17 
  743 
  8 
  1,078 
  28 
  746 
  25 
     Multi-Family
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Commercial Real Estate
  868 
  44 
  200 
  9 
  2,317 
  53 
  167 
  12 
     Home Equity – closed end
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Home Equity – open end
  - 
  - 
  347 
  - 
  87 
  - 
  347 
  - 
     Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate
  - 
  (8)
  164 
  2 
  - 
  (8)
  165 
  8 
     Consumer and credit cards
  - 
  (1)
  10 
  - 
  2 
  (1)
  10 
  - 
     Dealer Finance
  25 
  - 
  23 
  1 
  28 
  1 
  22 
  2 
 
  7,510 
  179 
  8,822 
  34 
  9,925 
  341 
  8,227 
  111 
Impaired loans with a valuation allowance:
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
     Construction/Land Development
 $7,425 
 $(125)
 $5,640 
 $75 
 $6,664 
 $(27)
 $6,215 
 $215 
     Farmland
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Real Estate
  866 
  (17)
  1,194 
  10 
  1,045 
  10 
  1,196 
  41 
     Multi-Family
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Commercial Real Estate
  5,874 
  179 
  - 
  - 
  4,166 
  320 
  - 
  - 
     Home Equity – closed end
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Home Equity – open end
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
     Consumer and credit card
  10 
  1 
  - 
  - 
  8 
  2 
  - 
  - 
     Dealer Finance
  232 
  11 
  59 
  1 
  169 
  19 
  59 
  2 
 
  14,407 
  49 
  6,893 
  86 
  12,052 
  324 
  7,470 
  258 
Total Impaired Loans
 $21,917 
 $228 
 $15,715 
 $120 
 $21,977 
 $665 
 $15,697 
 $369 
 
 
14
 
 
Note 3.      
Loans, continued
 
The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment of past due loans (dollars in thousands) as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
 
 
 
30-59 Days Past due
 
 
60-89 Days Past Due
 
 
Greater than 90 Days
 
 
Total Past Due
 
 
Current
 
 
Total Loan Receivable
 
 
Non-Accrual Loans
 
 
Recorded Investment >90 days & accruing
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction/Land Development
 $19 
 $149 
 $4,536 
 $4,704 
 $64,102 
 $68,806 
 $5,097 
 $- 
Farmland
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  16,735 
  16,735 
  - 
  - 
Real Estate
  1,432 
  835 
  2,234 
  4,501 
  183,959 
  188,460 
  1,424 
  1,484 
Multi-Family
  170 
  - 
  - 
  170 
  9,653 
  9,823 
  - 
  - 
Commercial Real Estate
  1,699 
  1,373 
  6,195 
  9,267 
  146,384 
  155,651 
  6,195 
  - 
Home Equity – closed end
  - 
  - 
  14 
  14 
  10,751 
  10,765 
  - 
  14 
Home Equity – open end
  504 
  - 
  487 
  991 
  54,145 
  55,136 
  125 
  387 
Commercial & Industrial – Non- Real Estate
  338 
  - 
  113 
  451 
  35,264 
  35,715 
  112 
  - 
Consumer
  52 
  99 
  3 
  154 
  10,506 
  10,660 
  5 
  - 
Dealer Finance
  1,619 
  457 
  289 
  2,365 
  89,719 
  92,084 
  385 
  - 
Credit Cards
  51 
  - 
  12 
  63 
  2,886 
  2,949 
  - 
  12 
Total
 $5,884 
 $2,913 
 $13,883 
 $22,680 
 $624,104 
 $646,784 
 $13,343 
 $1,897 
 
 
 
30-59 Days Past due
 
 
60-89 Days Past Due
 
 
Greater than 90 Days
 
 
Total Past Due
 
 
Current
 
 
Total Loan Receivable
 
 
Non-Accrual Loans
 
 
Recorded Investment >90 days & accruing
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction/Land Development
 $167 
 $5,459 
 $3,908 
 $9,534 
 $62,086 
 $71,620 
 $3,908 
 $- 
Farmland
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  13,606 
  13,606 
  - 
  - 
Real Estate
  2,858 
  1,954 
  560 
  5,372 
  179,174 
  184,546 
  1,720 
  143 
Multi-Family
  179 
  - 
  - 
  179 
  10,119 
  10,298 
  - 
  - 
Commercial Real Estate
  544 
  - 
  - 
  544 
  148,362 
  148,906 
  - 
  - 
Home Equity – closed end
  - 
  25 
  - 
  25 
  11,581 
  11,606 
  3 
  - 
Home Equity – open end
  454 
  165 
  268 
  887 
  53,852 
  54,739 
  448 
  - 
Commercial & Industrial – Non- Real Estate
  108 
  36 
  595 
  739 
  36,173 
  36,912 
  599 
  - 
Consumer
  43 
  5 
  - 
  48 
  6,585 
  6,633 
  - 
  - 
Dealer Finance
  1,300 
  252 
  189 
  1,741 
  73,428 
  75,169 
  226 
  54 
Credit Cards
  30 
  8 
  1 
  39 
  2,900 
  2,939 
  - 
  1 
Total
 $5,683 
 $7,904 
 $5,521 
 $19,108 
 $597,866 
 $616,974 
 $6,904 
 $198 
 
At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, other real estate owned included $177 and $207 of foreclosed residential real estate. The Company has $900 of consumer mortgages for which foreclosure is in process at September 30, 2018 and $103 at December 31, 2017.
 
Nonaccrual loans at September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, would have earned approximately $371 and $109, respectively, in interest income had they been accruing loans.
 
 
15
 
 
Note 4.     
Allowance for Loan Losses
 
A summary of changes in the allowance for loan losses (dollars in thousands) for September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is as follows:
 
September 30, 2018
 
Beginning Balance
 
 
Charge-offs
 
 
Recoveries
 
 
Provision
 
 
Ending Balance
 
 
Individually Evaluated for Impairment
 
 
Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
 
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction/Land Development
 $2,547 
 $47 
 $122 
 $86 
 $2,708 
 $2,182 
 $526 
Farmland
  25 
  - 
  - 
  (3)
  22 
  - 
  22 
Real Estate
  719 
  57 
  12 
  (291)
  383 
  7 
  376 
Multi-Family
  19 
  - 
  - 
  (4)
  15 
  - 
  15 
Commercial Real Estate
  482 
  46 
  1 
  1,328 
  1,765 
  1,539 
  226 
Home Equity – closed end
  66 
  3 
  4 
  (20)
  47 
  - 
  47 
Home Equity – open end
  209 
  - 
  3 
  (53)
  159 
  - 
  159 
 Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate
  337 
  544 
  88 
  365 
  246 
  - 
  246 
 Consumer
  148 
  28 
  28 
  (68)
  80 
  2 
  78 
Dealer Finance
  1,440 
  1,448 
  673 
  1,148 
  1,813 
  15 
  1,798 
Credit Cards
  52 
  43 
  34 
  (8)
  35 
  - 
  35 
Total
 $6,044 
 $2,216 
 $965 
 $2,480 
 $7,273 
 $3,745 
 $3,528 
 
December 31, 2017
 
Beginning Balance
 
 
Charge-offs
 
 
Recoveries
 
 
Provision
 
 
Ending Balance
 
 
Individually Evaluated for Impairment
 
 
Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
 
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction/Land Development
 $3,381 
 $620 
 $- 
 $(214)
 $2,547 
 $1,661 
 $886 
Farmland
  34 
  - 
  - 
  (9)
  25 
  - 
  25 
Real Estate
  843 
  - 
  2 
  (126)
  719 
  209 
  510 
Multi-Family
  23 
  - 
  - 
  (6)
  19 
  - 
  19 
Commercial Real Estate
  705 
  - 
  13 
  (236)
  482 
  - 
  482 
Home Equity – closed end
  75 
  7 
  25 
  (27)
  66 
  - 
  66 
Home Equity – open end
  470 
  26 
  53 
  (288)
  209 
  - 
  209 
 Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate
  586 
  179 
  72 
  (142)
  337 
  - 
  337 
 Consumer
  78 
  136 
  28 
  178 
  148 
  - 
  148 
Dealer Finance
  1,289 
  1,806 
  1,143 
  814 
  1,440 
  12 
  1,428 
Credit Cards
  59 
  98 
  37 
  54 
  52 
  - 
  52 
Total
 $7,543 
 $2,872 
 $1,373 
 $- 
 $6,044 
 $1,882 
 $4,162 
 
 
16
 
 
Note 4. 
Allowance for Loan Losses, continued
 
September 30, 2018
 
Loan Receivable
 
 
Individually Evaluated for Impairment
 
 
Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
 
Construction/Land Development
 $68,806 
 $9,798 
 $59,008 
Farmland
  16,735 
  1,941 
  14,794 
Real Estate
  188,460 
  1,792 
  186,668 
Multi-Family
  9,823 
  - 
  9,823 
Commercial Real Estate
  155,651 
  7,295 
  148,356 
Home Equity – closed end
  10,765 
  - 
  10,765 
Home Equity –open end
  55,136 
  - 
  55,136 
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate
  35,715 
  - 
  35,715 
Consumer
  10,660 
  9 
  10,651 
Dealer Finance
  92,084 
  250 
  91,834 
Credit Cards
  2,949 
  - 
  2,949 
 
 $646,784 
 $21,085 
 $625,699 
Total
    
    
    
 
The following table presents the recorded investment in loans (dollars in thousands) based on impairment method as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
 
December 31, 2017
 
Loan Receivable
 
 
Individually Evaluated for Impairment
 
 
Collectively Evaluated for Impairment
 
Construction/Land Development
 $71,620 
 $9,350 
 $62,270 
Farmland
  13,606 
  1,984 
  11,622 
Real Estate
  184,546 
  2,461 
  182,085 
Multi-Family
  10,298 
  - 
  10,298 
Commercial Real Estate
  148,906 
  6,229 
  142,677 
Home Equity – closed end
  11,606 
  - 
  11,606 
Home Equity –open end
  54,739 
  - 
  54,739 
Commercial & Industrial – Non-Real Estate
  36,912 
  - 
  36,912 
Consumer
  6,633 
  8 
  6,625 
Dealer Finance
  75,169 
  78 
  75,091 
Credit Cards
  2,939 
  - 
  2,939 
 
 $616,974 
 $20,110 
 $596,864 
Total
    
    
    
 
 
17
 
 
Note 4.  
Allowance for Loan Losses, continued
 
The following table shows the Company’s loan portfolio broken down by internal loan grade (dollars in thousands) as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
 
September 30, 2018
 
Grade 1 Minimal Risk
 
 
Grade 2 Modest Risk
 
 
Grade 3 Average Risk
 
 
Grade 4 Acceptable Risk
 
 
Grade 5 Marginally Acceptable
 
 
Grade 6 Watch
 
 
Grade 7 Substandard
 
 
Grade 8 Doubtful
 
 
Total
 
Construction/Land Development
 $- 
 $1,625 
 $17,494 
 $33,461 
 $7,071 
 $270 
 $8,885 
 $- 
 $68,806 
Farmland
  62 
  - 
  4,469 
  5,800 
  3,970 
  493 
  1,941 
  - 
  16,735 
Real Estate
  - 
  1,617 
  53,949 
  104,600 
  22,070 
  1,154 
  5,070 
  - 
  188,460 
Multi-Family
  - 
  - 
  3,007 
  6,645 
  171 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  9,823 
Commercial Real Estate
  - 
  2,388 
  46,030 
  86,775 
  11,301 
  2,962 
  6,195 
  - 
  155,651 
Home Equity – closed end
  - 
  - 
  3,337 
  5,490 
  1,924 
  - 
  14 
  - 
  10,765 
Home Equity – open end
  115 
  1,713 
  20,073 
  29,050 
  3,559 
  56 
  570 
  - 
  55,136 
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)
  223 
  1,971 
  17,609 
  12,725 
  2,664 
  349 
  174 
  - 
  35,715 
Consumer (excluding dealer)
  34 
  178 
  2,893 
 $5,597 
  1,893 
  65 
  - 
  - 
  10,660 
Total
 $434 
 $9,492 
 $168,861 
 $290,143 
 $54,623 
 $5,349 
 $22,849 
 $- 
 $551,751 
 
 
 
Credit Cards
 
 
Dealer Finance
 
Performing
 $2,937 
 $91,795 
Non-performing
  12 
  289 
Total
 $2,949 
 $92,084 
 
    
    
 
 
18
 
 
Note 4.     
Allowance for Loan Losses, continued
 
 December 31, 2017
 
Grade 1 Minimal Risk
 
 
Grade 2 Modest Risk
 
 
Grade 3 Average Risk
 
 
Grade 4 Acceptable Risk
 
 
Grade 5 Marginally Acceptable
 
 
Grade 6 Watch
 
 
Grade 7 Substandard
 
 
Grade 8 Doubtful
 
 
Total
 
Construction/Land Development
 $- 
 $690 
 $12,974 
 $30,197 
 $9,165 
 $3,520 
 $15,074 
 $- 
 $71,620 
Farmland
  63 
    
  3,153 
  4,120 
  3,793 
  494 
  1,983 
  - 
  13,606 
Real Estate
  - 
  1,512 
  53,764 
  101,606 
  19,734 
  4,660 
  3,270 
  - 
  184,546 
Multi-Family
  - 
  228 
  4,780 
  5,111 
  179 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  10,298 
Commercial Real Estate
  - 
  3,525 
  45,384 
  89,195 
  9,012 
  634 
  1,156 
  - 
  148,906 
Home Equity – closed end
  - 
  - 
  3,535 
  5,410 
  1,279 
  1,379 
  3 
  - 
  11,606 
Home Equity – open end
  235 
  1,598 
  17,383 
  30,888 
  3,945 
  176 
  514 
  - 
  54,739 
Commercial & Industrial (Non-Real Estate)
  262 
  1,595 
  13,297 
  19,442 
  1,480 
  207 
  629 
  - 
  36,912 
Consumer (excluding dealer)
  34 
  490 
  2,226 
  88 
  1,065 
  2,254 
  476 
  - 
  6,633 
Total
 $594 
 $9,638 
 $156,496 
 $286,057 
 $49,652 
 $13,324 
 $23,105 
 $- 
 $538,866 
 
 
 
Credit Cards
 
 
Dealer Finance
 
Performing
 $2,938 
 $75,116 
Non-performing
  1 
  53 
Total
 $2,939 
 $75,169 
 
Description of internal loan grades:
 
Grade 1 – Minimal Risk: Excellent credit, superior asset quality, excellent debt capacity and coverage, and recognized management capabilities.
 
Grade 2 – Modest Risk: Borrower consistently generates sufficient cash flow to fund debt service, excellent credit, above average asset quality and liquidity.
 
Grade 3 – Average Risk: Borrower generates sufficient cash flow to fund debt service. Employment (or business) is stable with good future trends. Credit is very good.
 
Grade 4 – Acceptable Risk: Borrower’s cash flow is adequate to cover debt service; however, unusual expenses or capital expenses must be covered through additional long term debt. Employment (or business) stability is reasonable, but future trends may exhibit slight weakness. Credit history is good. No unpaid judgments or collection items appearing on credit report.
 
 
19
 
 
Note 4.   
Allowance for Loan Losses, continued
 
Grade 5 – Marginally acceptable: Credit to borrowers who may exhibit declining earnings, may have leverage that is materially above industry averages, liquidity may be marginally acceptable. Employment or business stability may be weak or deteriorating. May be currently performing as agreed, but would be adversely affected by developing factors such as layoffs, illness, reduced hours or declining business prospects. Credit history shows weaknesses, past dues, paid or disputed collections and judgments, but does not include borrowers that are currently past due on obligations or with unpaid, undisputed judgments.
 
Grade 6 – Watch: Loans are currently protected, but are weak due to negative balance sheet or income statement trends. There may be a lack of effective control over collateral or the existence of documentation deficiencies. These loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. Other reasons supporting this classification include adverse economic or market conditions, pending litigation or any other material weakness. Existing loans that become 60 or more days past due are placed in this category pending a return to current status.
 
Grade 7 – Substandard: Loans having well-defined weaknesses where a payment default and or loss is possible, but not yet probable. Cash flow is inadequate to service the debt under the current payment, or terms, with prospects that the condition is permanent. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower and there is the likelihood that collateral will have to be liquidated and/or guarantor(s) called upon to repay the debt. Generally, the loan is considered collectible as to both principal and interest, primarily because of collateral coverage, however, if the deficiencies are not corrected quickly; there is a probability of loss.
 
Grade 8 – Doubtful: The loan has all the characteristics of a substandard credit, but available information indicates it is unlikely the loan will be repaid in its entirety. Cash flow is insufficient to service the debt. It may be difficult to project the exact amount of loss, but the probability of some loss is great. Loans are to be placed on non-accrual status when any portion is classified doubtful.
 
Credit card and dealer finance loans are classified as performing or nonperforming. A loan is nonperforming when payments of principal and interest are past due 90 days or more.
 
Note 5. 
Employee Benefit Plan
 
The Bank has a qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plan which covers substantially all of its full-time employees hired before April 1, 2012. The benefits are primarily based on years of service and earnings. The Company uses December 31st as the measurement date for the defined benefit pension plan. The Bank does not expect to contribute to the pension plan in 2018.
 
On January 1, 2018 the Company adopted ASU No. 2017-07, “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” Under the new guidance, employers are required to present the service cost component of the net periodic benefit cost in the same income statement line item (e.g., Salaries and Employee benefits) as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. In addition, only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization in assets. Employers will present the other components of net periodic benefit cost separately (e.g., Other Noninterest Expense) from the line item that includes the service cost.  The Company adopted ASU No. 2017-07 on January 1, 2018 and re-classified non-servicing components of net periodic pension cost from compensation expense to other noninterest expense. ASU No. 2017-07 did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
20
 
 
Note 5. 
Employee Benefit Plan, continued
 
 The following is a summary of net periodic pension costs for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
Service cost
 $576 
 $522 
 $192 
 $174 
Interest cost
  372 
  365 
  124 
  122 
Expected return on plan assets
  (693)
  (638)
  (231)
  (213)
Amortization of prior service cost
  (12)
  (11)
  (4)
  (4)
Amortization of net loss
  228 
  213 
  76 
  71 
Net periodic pension cost
 $471 
 $450 
 $157 
 $150 
 
Note 6.
Fair Value
 
The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between willing parties, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques.
 
Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. Accounting guidance for fair value excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.
 
The Company records fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and determines fair value disclosures utilizing a definition of fair value of assets and liabilities that states that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Additional considerations are involved to determine the fair value of financial assets in markets that are not active.
 
The Company uses a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy based on these two types of inputs are as follows:
 
 
Level 1 –
 
Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
 
Level 2 –
 
Valuation is based on observable inputs including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in less active markets, and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions can be derived primarily from or corroborated by observable data in the market.
 
Level 3 –
 
Valuation is based on model-based techniques that use one or more significant inputs or assumptions that are unobservable in the market.
 
 
21
 
 
Note 6.     
Fair Value, continued
 
The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements:
 
Securities
 
Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities would include highly liquid government bonds, mortgage products and exchange traded equities. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flow. Level 2 securities would include U.S. agency securities, mortgage-backed agency securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions and certain corporate, asset backed and other securities. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. The carrying value of restricted Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock approximates fair value based upon the redemption provisions of each entity and is therefore excluded from the following table.
 
Derivatives
 
The Company’s derivatives are recorded at fair value based on third party vendor supplied information using discounted cash flow analysis from observable-market based inputs, which are considered Level 2 inputs.
 
The following tables present the balances of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):
 
September 30, 2018
 
Total
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises
 $7,820 
 $- 
 $7,820 
 $- 
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies
  424 
  - 
  424 
  - 
Total securities available for sale
 $8,244 
 $- 
 $8,244 
 $- 
 
    
    
    
    
 
December 31, 2017
 
Total
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U. S. Treasuries
 $19,998 
 $19,998 
 $- 
 $- 
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises
  7,980 
  - 
  7,980 
  - 
Mortgage-backed obligations of federal agencies
  502 
  - 
  502 
  - 
Equity securities1
  135 
  - 
  135 
  - 
Total securities available for sale
 $28,615 
 $19,998 
 $8,617 
 $- 
 
1 Transferred to other investments on January 1, 2018 upon adoption of ASU 2016-01
 
Certain financial assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.
 
The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements:
 
Loans Held for Sale
 
Loans held for sale are short-term loans purchased at par for resale to investors at the par value of the loan and loans originated by F&M Mortgage for sale in the secondary market. Loan participations are generally repurchased within 15 days.  Loans originated for sale by F&M Mortgage are recorded at lower of cost or market. No market adjustments were required at September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017; therefore, loans held for sale were carried at cost. Because of the short-term nature and fixed repurchase price, the book value of these loans approximates fair value at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
 
22
 
 
Note 6. 
Fair Value, continued
 
Impaired Loans
 
Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Troubled debt restructurings are impaired loans. Impaired loans are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. If an individually-evaluated impaired loan’s balance exceeds fair value, the amount is allocated to the allowance for loan losses. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 
The fair value of an impaired loan and measurement of associated loss is based on one of three methods: the observable market price of the loan, the present value of projected cash flows, or the fair value of the collateral. The observable market price of a loan is categorized as a Level 1 input. The present value of projected cash flows method results in a Level 3 categorization because the calculation relies on the Company’s judgment to determine projected cash flows, which are then discounted at the current rate of the loan, or the rate prior to modification if the loan is a troubled debt restructure.
 
Loans measured using the fair value of collateral method are categorized in Level 3. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. Most collateral is real estate. The Company bases collateral method fair valuation upon the “as-is” value of independent appraisals or evaluations.
 
The value of real estate collateral is determined by an independent appraisal utilizing an income or market valuation approach.  Appraisals conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company as observable market data is categorized as Level 3. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal (Level 3) if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’ financial statements (Level 3) if not considered significant. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3).
 
As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value measurements for impaired loans with specific allocations were primarily based upon the fair value of the collateral.
 
The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the period (dollars in thousands):
 
September 30, 2018
 
Total
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Construction/Land Development
 $4,644 
 $- 
 $- 
 $4,644 
     Real Estate
  419 
  - 
  - 
  419 
     Commercial Real Estate
  4,312 
  - 
  - 
  4,312 
     Consumer
  7 
  - 
  - 
  7 
     Dealer Finance
  219 
  - 
  - 
  219 
Impaired loans
 $9,601 
 $- 
 $- 
 $9,601 
 
    
    
    
    
 
December 31, 2017
 
Total
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Construction/Land Development
 $3,337 
 $- 
  - 
 $3,337 
     Real Estate
  979 
  - 
  - 
  979 
     Dealer Finance
  35 
  - 
  - 
  35 
Impaired loans
 $4,351 
 $- 
 $- 
 $4,351 
 
 
 
23
 
 
Note 6.    
Fair Value, continued
 
The following table presents information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for September 30, 2018:
 
 
Fair Value at September 30, 2018
Valuation Technique
Significant Unobservable Inputs
Range
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
Impaired Loans
$ 9,601
Discounted appraised value
Discount for selling costs and marketability
2%-19% (Average 4.9%)
 
The following table presents information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for December 31, 2017:
 
 
Fair Value at December 31, 2017
Valuation Technique
Significant Unobservable Inputs
Range
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
Impaired Loans
$ 4,351
Discounted appraised value
Discount for selling costs and marketability
3%-19% (Average 5.5 %)
 
Other Real Estate Owned  
 
Certain assets such as other real estate owned (OREO) are measured at fair value less cost to sell. Valuation of other real estate owned is determined using current appraisals from independent parties, a level two input. If current appraisals cannot be obtained prior to reporting dates, or if declines in value are identified after a recent appraisal is received, appraisal values are discounted, resulting in Level 3 estimates. If the Company markets the property with a realtor, estimated selling costs reduce the fair value, resulting in a valuation based on Level 3 inputs.
 
The Company markets other real estate owned both independently and with local realtors. Properties marketed by realtors are discounted by selling costs. Properties that the Company markets independently are not discounted by selling costs.
 
The following table summarizes the Company’s other real estate owned that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands).
 
September 30, 2018
 
Total
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other real estate owned
 $2,063 
  - 
  - 
 $2,063 
 
December 31, 2017
 
Total
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other real estate owned
 $1,984 
  - 
  - 
 $1,984 
 
The following table presents information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for September 30, 2018:
 
 
Fair Value at September 30, 2018
Valuation Technique
Significant Unobservable Inputs
Range
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Other real estate owned
$ 2,063
Discounted appraised value
Discount for selling costs
2.5%-10% (Average 4%)
 
The following table presents information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for December 31, 2017:
 
 
Fair Value at December 31, 2017
Valuation Technique
Significant Unobservable Inputs
Range
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Other real estate owned
$ 1,984
Discounted appraised value
Discount for selling costs
5%-15% (Average 8%)
 
 
 
24
 
 
Note 7. Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
The following presents the carrying amount, fair value and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s financial instruments as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. For short-term financial assets such as cash and cash equivalents and short-term liabilities, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization. For financial liabilities such as noninterest bearing demand, interest bearing demand and savings deposits, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to these products having no stated maturity. Fair values for September 30, 2018 are estimated under the exit price notion in accordance with the prospective adoption of ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” Fair values for December 31, 2017 are estimated under the guidance in effect for that period, which did not require use of the exit price notion.
 
The estimated fair values, and related carrying amounts (dollars in thousands), of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2018 Using
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying Amount
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
 
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
 
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
 
Fair Value at September 30, 2018
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 $17,423 
 $17,423 
 $- 
 $- 
 $17,423 
Securities
  8,367 
  - 
  8,367 
  - 
  8,367 
Loans held for sale
  38,595 
  - 
  38,595 
  - 
  38,595 
Loans held for investment, net
  639,511 
  - 
  - 
 636,558
 636,558
Interest receivable
  2,076 
  - 
  2,076 
  - 
  2,076 
Bank owned life insurance
  19,320 
  - 
  19,320 
  - 
  19,320 
Total
 $725,292 
 $17,423 
 $68,358 
 $636,558
 $722,339
Liabilities:
    
    
    
    
    
Deposits
 $588,985 
 $- 
 $431,124 
 $160,211 
 $591,335 
Short-term debt
  30,000 
  - 
  30,000 
  - 
  30,000 
Long-term debt
  46,326 
  - 
  - 
  46,251 
  46,251 
Interest payable
  318 
  - 
  318 
  - 
  318 
Total
 $665,629 
 $- 
 $461,442 
 $206,462 
 $667,904 
 
 
 
25
 
 
Note 7. Disclosures About Fair Value of Financial Instruments, continued
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying Amount
 
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
 
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
 
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
 
Fair Value at December 31, 2017
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 $11,907 
 $11,907 
 $- 
 $- 
 $11,907 
Securities
  28,740 
  19,998 
  8,742 
  - 
  28,740 
Loans held for sale
  39,775 
  - 
  39,775 
  - 
  39,775 
Loans held for investment, net
  610,930 
  - 
  - 
 646,703
 646,703
Interest receivable
  2,007 
  - 
  2,007 
  - 
  2,007 
Bank owned life insurance
  13,950 
  - 
  13,950 
  - 
  13,950 
Total
 $707,309 
 $31,905 
 $64,474 
 $646,703
 $743,082
Liabilities:
    
    
    
    
    
Deposits
 $569,177 
 $- 
 $403,907 
 $167,210 
 $571,117 
Short-term debt
  25,296 
  - 
  25,296 
  - 
  25,296 
Long-term debt
  49,733 
  - 
  - 
  49,869 
  49, 869 
Interest payable
  260 
  - 
  260 
  - 
  260 
Total
 $644,466 
 $- 
 $429,463 
 $217,079 
 $646,542 
 
Note 8. 
Troubled Debt Restructuring
 
In the determination of the allowance for loan losses, management considers troubled debt restructurings and subsequent defaults in these restructurings by adjusting the loan grades of such loans, which are considered in the qualitative factors within the allowance. Defaults resulting in charge-offs affect the historical loss experience ratios which are a component of the allowance for loan loss methodology. Additionally, specific reserves may be established on restructured loans which are evaluated individually for impairment.
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, there were seventeen loan modifications that were considered to be troubled debt restructurings. Three of these loans were modified during the three months ended September 30, 2018 and fourteen loan modifications that would be considered a troubled debt restructuring were modified during the first and second quarters of 2018. Modifications may have included rate adjustments, revisions to amortization schedules, suspension of principal payments for a temporary period, re-advancing funds to be applied as payments to bring the loan(s) current, or any combination thereof.
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pre-Modification
 
 
Post-Modification
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
Outstanding
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings
 
Number of Contracts
 
 
Recorded Investment
 
 
Recorded Investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate
  3 
 $2,245 
 $2,245 
Consumer
  14 
  199 
  199 
Total
  17 
 $2,444 
 $2,444 
 
 
 
26
 
 
Note 8.
Troubled Debt Restructuring, continued
 
At September 30, 2018, there were three loans restructured in the previous 12 months in default or on nonaccrual status. A restructured loan is considered in default when it becomes 90 days past due.
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pre-Modification
 
 
Post-Modification
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
Outstanding
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings
 
Number of Contracts
 
 
Recorded Investment
 
 
Recorded Investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate
  1 
 $990 
 $990 
Consumer
  2 
  14 
  14 
Total
  3 
 $1,004 
 $1,004 
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, there was one loan modification that was considered to be troubled debt restructuring. This loan was modified during the three months ended June 30, 2017, there were no loan modifications that would be considered a troubled debt restructuring during the first or third quarters of 2017. Modifications may have included rate adjustments, revisions to amortization schedules, suspension of principal payments for a temporary period, re-advancing funds to be applied as payments to bring the loan(s) current, or any combination thereof.
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pre-Modification
 
 
Post-Modification
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
Outstanding
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings
 
Number of Contracts
 
 
Recorded Investment
 
 
Recorded Investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer
  1 
 $18 
 $18 
Total
  1 
 $18 
 $18 
 
 At September 30, 2017, there was one loan restructured in the previous 12 months in default or on nonaccrual status. A restructured loan is considered in default when it becomes 90 days past due, or when a charge off or foreclosure occurs.
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pre-Modification
 
 
Post-Modification
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
 
Outstanding
 
Troubled Debt Restructurings
 
Number of Contracts
 
 
Recorded Investment
 
 
Recorded Investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real Estate
  1 
 $67 
 $67 
Total
  1 
 $67 
 $67 
 
 
27
 
 
Note 9. 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
The balances in accumulated other comprehensive loss are shown in the following tables for September 30, 2018 and 2017:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Unrealized Securities Gains (Losses)
 
 
Adjustments Related to Pension Plan
 
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Balance at December 31, 2017
 $(20)
 $(4,122)
 $(4,142)
  Change in unrealized securities gains (losses), net of tax
  (131)
  - 
  (131)
  Change in unfunded pension liability, net of tax
  - 
  - 
  - 
Balance at September 30, 2018
 $(151)
 $(4,122)
 $(4,273)
 
 
   
   
   
(dollars in thousands)
 
Unrealized Securities Gains (Losses)
 
 
Adjustments Related to Pension Plan
 
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Balance at December 31, 2016
 $6 
 $(3,171)
 $(3,165)
  Change in unrealized securities gains (losses), net of tax
  (1)
  - 
  (1)
  Change in unfunded pension liability, net of tax
  - 
  - 
  - 
Balance at September 30, 2017
 $5 
 $(3,171)
 $(3,166)
 
There were no reclassifications adjustments reported on the consolidated statements of income during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017.
 
Note 10.    
Business Segments
 
The Company utilizes its subsidiaries to provide multiple business segments including retail banking, mortgage banking, title insurance services, investment services and credit life and accident and health insurance products related to lending. Revenues from retail banking operations consist primarily of interest earned on loans and investment securities and service charges on deposit accounts. Mortgage banking operating revenues consist principally of gains on sales of loans in the secondary market, loan origination fee income and interest earned on mortgage loans held for sale. Revenues from title insurance services, investment services and insurance products consist of commissions on products provided.
 
 
28
 
 
Note 10. 
Business Segments, continued
 
The following tables represent revenues and expenses by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017.
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
F&M Bank
 
 
F&M Mortgage
 
 
TEB Life/FMFS
 
 
VS Title
 
 
Parent Only
 
 
Eliminations
 
 
F&M Bank Corp. Consolidated
 
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Income
 $26,915 
 $101 
 $109 
 $- 
 $- 
 $(92)
 $27,033 
Service charges on deposits
  1,102 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,102 
Investment services and insurance income
  - 
  - 
  673 
  - 
  - 
  (14)
  659 
Mortgage banking income, net
  - 
  1,664 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,664 
Title insurance income
  - 
  232 
  - 
  734 
  - 
  - 
  966 
Other operating income
  1,489 
  (1)
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,488 
Total income
  29,506 
  1,996 
  782 
  734 
  - 
  (106)
  32,912 
Expenses:
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Interest Expense
  3,403 
  87 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (92)
  3,398 
Provision for loan losses
  2,480 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  2,480 
Salary and benefit expense
  9,877 
  1,404 
  437 
  517 
  - 
  - 
  12,235 
Other operating expenses
  7,111 
  538 
  45 
  128 
  36 
  (14)
  7,844 
Total expense
  22,871 
  2,029 
  482 
  645 
  36 
  (106)
  25,957 
Net income (loss) before taxes
  6,635 
  (33)
  300 
  89 
  (36)
  - 
  6,955 
Income tax expense
  597 
  - 
  52 
  - 
  141 
  - 
  790 
Net income (loss)
 $6,038 
 $(33)
 $248 
 $89 
 $(177)
 $- 
 $6,165 
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
  - 
  (10)
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (10)
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.
 $6,038 
 $(23)
 $248 
 $89 
 $(177)
 $- 
 $6,175 
Total Assets
 $777,401 
 $7,103 
 $6,954 
 $720 
 $92,372 
 $(108,945)
 $775,605 
Goodwill
 $2,670 
 $65 
 $- 
 $57 
 $164 
 $- 
 $2,956 
 
 
 
29
 
 
Note 10.      
Business Segments, continued
 
 
 
Three months ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
F&M Bank
 
 
F&M Mortgage
 
 
TEB Life/FMFS
 
 
VS Title
 
 
Parent Only
 
 
Eliminations
 
 
F&M Bank Corp. Consolidated
 
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Income
 $9,295 
 $31 
 $37 
 $- 
 $- 
 $(35)
 $9,328 
Service charges on deposits
  378 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  378 
Investment services and insurance income
  - 
  - 
  242 
  - 
  - 
  (3)
  239 
Mortgage banking income, net
  - 
  529 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  529 
Title insurance income
  - 
  123 
  - 
  281 
  - 
  - 
  404 
Other operating income
  646 
  (49)
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  597 
Total income
  10,319 
  634 
  279 
  281 
  - 
  (38)
  11,475 
Expenses:
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Interest Expense
  1,305 
  34 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (35)
  1,304 
Provision for loan losses
  450 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  450 
Salary and benefit expense
  3,312 
  574 
  154 
  172 
  - 
  - 
  4,212 
Other operating expenses
  2,617 
  82 
  16 
  39 
  6 
  (3)
  2,757 
Total expense
  7,684 
  690 
  170 
  211 
  6 
  (38)
  8,723 
Net income (loss) before taxes
  2,635 
  (56)
  109 
  70 
  (6)
  - 
  2,752 
Income tax expense
  312 
  - 
  16 
  - 
  (76)
  - 
  252 
Net income (loss)
 $2,323 
 $(56)
 $93 
 $70 
 $70 
 $- 
 $2,500 
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest
  - 
  (15)
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (15)
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.
 $2,323 
 $(41)
 $93 
 $70 
 $70 
 $- 
 $2,515 
 
 
 
30
 
 
Note 10. 
Business Segments, continued
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
F&M Bank
 
 
VBS Mortgage
 
 
TEB Life/FMFS
 
 
VS Title
 
 
Parent Only
 
 
Eliminations
 
 
F&M Bank Corp. Consolidated
 
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Income
 $24,815 
 $97 
 $112 
 $- 
 $- 
 $(70)
 $24,954 
Service charges on deposits
  1,010 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,010 
Investment services and insurance income
  1 
  - 
  529 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  530 
Mortgage banking income, net
  - 
  1,763 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,763 
Title insurance income
  - 
  211 
  - 
  668 
  - 
  - 
  879 
Gain on prepayment of long-term debt
  504 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  504 
Loss on investments
  - 
  (40)
  (2)
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (42)
Other operating income
  1,296 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  1,296 
Total income
  27,626 
  2,031 
  639 
  668 
  - 
  (70)
  30,894 
Expenses:
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Interest Expense
  2,866 
  65 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (70)
  2,861 
Provision for loan losses
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
Salary expense
  9,026 
  1,203 
  341 
  399 
  - 
  - 
  10,969 
Other operating expenses
  6,421 
  591 
  23 
  118 
  4 
  - 
  7,157 
Total expense
  18,313 
  1,859 
  364 
  517 
  4 
  (70)
  20,987 
Net income (loss) before taxes
  9,313 
  172 
  275 
  151 
  (4)
  - 
  9,907 
Income tax expense
  2,603 
  - 
  83 
  - 
  (53)
  - 
  2,633 
Net income (loss)
 $6,710 
 $172 
 $192 
 $151 
 $49 
 $- 
 $7,274 
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest
  - 
  51 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  51 
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.
 $6,710 
 $121 
 $192 
 $151 
 $49 
 $- 
 $7,223 
Total Assets
 $750,048 
 $6,309 
 $6,644 
 $443 
 $91,362 
 $(91,121)
 $763,685 
Goodwill
 $2,670 
 $103 
 $- 
 $- 
 $340 
 $- 
 $3,113 
 
 
 
31
 
 
Note 10. 
Business Segments, continued
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
F&M Bank
 
 
VBS Mortgage
 
 
TEB Life/FMFS
 
 
VS Title
 
 
Parent Only
 
 
Eliminations
 
 
F&M Bank Corp. Consolidated
 
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Income
 $8,643 
 $32 
 $37 
 $- 
 $- 
 $(24)
 $8,688 
Service charges on deposits
  359 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  359 
Investment services and insurance income
  - 
  - 
  169 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  169 
Mortgage banking income, net
  - 
  783 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  783 
Title insurance income
  - 
  78 
  - 
  247 
  - 
  - 
  325 
Gain on prepayment of long-term debt
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
Loss on investments
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
Other operating income
  509 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  509 
Total income
  9,511 
  893 
  206 
  247 
  - 
  (24)
  10,833 
Expenses:
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Interest Expense
  1,030 
  24 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  (24)
  1,030 
Provision for loan losses
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
Salary and benefit expense
  3,048 
  587 
  107 
  141 
  - 
  - 
  3,883 
Other operating expenses
  2,203 
  121 
  6 
  46 
  - 
  - 
  2,376 
Total expense
  6,281 
  732 
  113 
  187 
  - 
  (24)
  7,289 
Net income (loss) before taxes
  3,230 
  161 
  93 
  60 
  - 
  - 
  3,544 
Income tax expense
  933 
  - 
  30 
  - 
  (17)
  - 
  946 
Net income (loss)
 $2,297 
 $161 
 $63 
 $60 
 $17 
 $- 
 $2,598 
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest
  - 
  48 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  48 
Net Income attributable to F & M Bank Corp.
 $2,297 
 $113 
 $63 
 $60 
 $17 
 $- 
 $2,550 
 
Note 11.    
Debt
 
Short-term Debt
 
The Company utilizes short-term debt such as Federal funds purchased and Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (FHLB) short term borrowings to support the loans held for sale participation program and provide liquidity. Federal funds purchased are unsecured overnight borrowings from other financial institutions. FHLB short term debt, which is secured by the loan portfolio, can be a daily rate variable loan that acts as a line of credit or a fixed rate advance, depending on the need of the Company. Short-term debt totaled $30 million at September 30, 2018 and has increased $4.7 million from $25.3 million at December 31, 2017.
 
Long-term Debt
 
The Company utilizes the FHLB advance program to fund loan growth and provide liquidity. The interest rates on long-term debt are fixed at the time of the advance and range from 1.16% to 2.56%; the weighted average interest rate was 1.87% and 1.86% at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The balance of these obligations at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $46,232 and $49,554 respectively. The Company recognized a gain of $504 on prepayment of two FHLB advances totaling $10,000 during the first quarter of 2017 and there were no additional borrowings in 2017 or 2018. FHLB advances include a $5 million line of credit at FHLB that is pledged to the Commonwealth of Virginia to secure public funds.
 
In addition, the Company has a note payable to purchase a lot adjacent to one of the Bank branches for $85 at September 30, 2018 that is payable in one annual payment on January 1, 2019. There was $170 outstanding on this note at December 31, 2017. VS Title, LLC has a note payable for vehicle purchases with a balance of $9 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
 
Note 12.    
Revenue Recognition
 
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 606. The implementation of the new standard did not have a material impact on the measurement or recognition of revenue; as such, a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not deemed necessary. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605.
 
 
32
 
 
Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities. In addition, certain noninterest income streams such as fees associated with mortgage servicing rights, financial guarantees, derivatives, and certain credit card fees are also not in scope of the new guidance. Topic 606 is applicable to noninterest revenue streams such as deposit related fees, interchange fees, merchant income, and annuity and insurance commissions. However, the recognition of these revenue streams did not change significantly upon adoption of Topic 606. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated from contracts with customers. Noninterest revenue streams in-scope of Topic 606 are discussed below.
 
Service Charges on Deposit Accounts
 
Service charges on deposit accounts consist of account analysis fees (i.e., net fees earned on analyzed business and public checking accounts), overdraft fees, monthly service fees, check orders, and other deposit account related fees. The Company’s performance obligation for account analysis fees and monthly service fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. Check orders and other deposit account related fees are largely transactional based, and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.
 
Investment Services and Insurance Income
 
Investment services and insurance income primarily consists of commissions received on mutual funds and other investment sales. Commissions from the sale of mutual funds and other investments are recognized on trade date, which is when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation.
 
Title Insurance Income
 
VSTitle provides title insurance and real estate settlement services. Revenue is recognized at the time the real estate transaction is completed.
 
ATM and Check Card Fees
 
ATM and Check Card Fees are primarily comprised of debit and credit card income, ATM fees, merchant services income, and other service charges. Debit and credit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Company’s debit and credit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa. ATM fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. Merchant services income mainly represents fees charged to merchants to process their debit and credit card transactions, in addition to account management fees.
 
Other
Other noninterest income consists of other recurring revenue streams such as safe deposit box rental fees, and other service charges. Safe deposit box rental fees are charged to the customer on an annual basis and recognized upon receipt of payment. The Company determined that since rentals and renewals occur fairly consistently over time, revenue is recognized on a basis consistent with the duration of the performance obligation. Other service charges include revenue from processing wire transfers, online payment fees, cashier’s checks, mobile banking fees and other services. The Company’s performance obligation for fees, exchange, and other service charges are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month.
 
Note 12.  
Revenue Recognition, continued
 
The following presents noninterest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Noninterest income out-of-scope of Topic 606 in 2017 included onetime gains on prepayment of debt of $504.
 
 
33
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest Income (in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     In-scope of Topic 606:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service Charges on Deposits
 $1,102 
 $1,010 
 $378 
 $359 
        Investment Services and Insurance Income
  659 
  530 
  239 
  169 
Title Insurance Income
  966 
  668 
  404 
  247 
ATM and check card fees
  1,130 
  1,034 
  395 
  353 
Other
  390 
  368 
  142 
  129 
Noninterest Income (in-scope of Topic 606)
  4,247 
  3,610 
  1,556 
  1,257 
Noninterest Income (out-of-scope of Topic 606)
  1,632 
  2,330 
  591 
  888 
Total Noninterest Income
 $5,879 
 $5,940 
 $2,147 
 $2,145 
 
Contract Balances
 
A contract asset balance occurs when an entity performs a service for a customer before the customer pays consideration (resulting in a contract receivable) or before payment is due (resulting in a contract asset). A contract liability balance is an entity’s obligation to transfer a service to a customer for which the entity has already received payment (or payment is due) from the customer. The Company’s noninterest revenue streams are largely based on transactional activity. Consideration is often received immediately or shortly after the Company satisfies its performance obligation and revenue is recognized. The Company does not typically enter into long-term revenue contracts with customers, and therefore, does not experience significant contract balances. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any significant contract balances.
 
Contract Acquisition Costs
 
In connection with the adoption of Topic 606, an entity is required to capitalize, and subsequently amortize into expense, certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if these costs are expected to be recovered. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that an entity incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained (for example, sales commission). The Company utilizes the practical expedient which allows entities to immediately expense contract acquisition costs when the asset that would have resulted from capitalizing these costs would have been amortized in one year or less. Upon adoption of Topic 606, the Company did not capitalize any contract acquisition cost.
 
 
34
 
 
Item 2.    
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
F & M Bank Corp. (Company), incorporated in Virginia in 1983, is a financial holding company pursuant to section 3(a)(1) of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, which provides financial services through its wholly-owned subsidiary Farmers & Merchants Bank (Bank), TEB Life Insurance Company (TEB) and Farmers & Merchants Financial Services (FMFS) are wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Bank. The Bank also holds a majority ownership in VBS Mortgage LLC (dba F&M Mortgage) and F & M Bank Corp. holds a majority ownership in VSTitle LLC (VST), with the remaining minority interest owned by F&M Mortgage.
 
The Bank is a full-service commercial bank offering a wide range of banking and financial services through its thirteen branch offices as well as its loan production office located in Penn Laird, VA (which specializes in providing automobile financing through a network of automobile dealers). TEB reinsures credit life and accident and health insurance sold by the Bank in connection with its lending activities. FMFS provides, brokerage services and property/casualty insurance to customers of the Bank. F&M Mortgage originates conventional and government sponsored mortgages through their offices in Harrisonburg, Fishersville, and Woodstock, VA. VSTitle provides title insurance services through their offices in Harrisonburg, Fishersville, and Charlottesville, VA.
 
The Company’s primary trade area services customers in Rockingham County, Shenandoah County, Page County and Augusta County.
 
Management’s discussion and analysis is presented to assist the reader in understanding and evaluating the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. The analysis focuses on the consolidated financial statements, footnotes, and other financial data presented. The discussion highlights material changes from prior reporting periods and any identifiable trends which may affect the Company. Amounts have been rounded for presentation purposes. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements presented in Item 1, Part 1 of this Form 10-Q and in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s December 31, 2017 Form 10-K.
 
Forward-Looking Statements
 
Certain statements in this report may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are statements that include projections, predictions, expectations or beliefs about future events or results or otherwise are not statements of historical fact.  Such statements are often characterized by the use of qualified words (and their derivatives) such as “expect,” “believe,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” or other statements concerning opinions or judgment of the Company and its management about future events. 
 
Although the Company believes that its expectations with respect to certain forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions within the bounds of its existing knowledge of its business and operations, there can be no assurance that actual results, performance or achievements of the Company will not differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Actual future results and trends may differ materially from historical results or those anticipated depending on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the effects of and changes in: general economic conditions, the interest rate environment, legislative and regulatory requirements, competitive pressures, new products and delivery systems, inflation, changes in the stock and bond markets, technology, and consumer spending and savings habits.
 
We do not update any forward-looking statements that may be made from time to time by or on behalf of the Company.
 
 
35
 
 
Item 2. 
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Critical Accounting Policies
 
General
 
The Company’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The financial information contained within the statements is, to a significant extent, financial information that is based on measures of the financial effects of transactions and events that have already occurred. The Company’s financial position and results of operations are affected by management’s application of accounting policies, including estimates, assumptions and judgments made to arrive at the carrying value of assets and liabilities and amounts reported for revenues, expenses and related disclosures. Different assumptions in the application of these policies could result in material changes in the Company’s consolidated financial position and/or results of operations.
 
In addition, GAAP itself may change from one previously acceptable method to another method. Although the economics of these transactions would be the same, the timing of events that would impact these transactions could change. Following is a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies that are highly dependent on estimates, assumptions and judgments.
 
Allowance for Loan Losses
 
The allowance for loan losses is an estimate of the losses that may be sustained in the loan portfolio. The allowance is based on two basic principles of accounting: (i) ASC 450 (formerly SFAS No. 5) “Contingencies”, which requires that losses be accrued when they are probable of occurring and estimable and (ii) ASC 310 (formerly SFAS No. 114), “Receivables”, which requires that losses be accrued based on the differences between the value of collateral, present value of future cash flows or values that are observable in the secondary market and the loan balance. The Company’s allowance for loan losses is the accumulation of various components that are calculated based on independent methodologies. All components of the allowance represent an estimation performed pursuant to either ASC 450 or ASC 310. Management’s estimate of each ASC 450 component is based on certain observable data that management believes are most reflective of the underlying credit losses being estimated. This evaluation includes credit quality trends; collateral values; loan volumes; geographic, borrower and industry concentrations; seasoning of the loan portfolio; the findings of internal credit quality assessments and results from external bank regulatory examinations. These factors, as well as historical losses and current economic and business conditions, are used in developing estimated loss factors used in the calculations.
 
Allowances for loans are determined by applying estimated loss factors to the portfolio based on management’s evaluation and “risk grading” of the loan portfolio. Specific allowances are typically provided on all impaired loans in excess of a defined loan size threshold that are classified in the Substandard or Doubtful risk grades. The specific reserves are determined on a loan-by-loan basis based on management’s evaluation of the Company’s exposure for each credit, given the current payment status of the loan and the value of any underlying collateral.
 
While management uses the best information available to establish the allowance for loan and lease losses, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if economic conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the valuations or, if required by regulators, based upon information available to them at the time of their examinations. Such adjustments to original estimates, as necessary, are made in the period in which these factors and other relevant considerations indicate that loss levels may vary from previous estimates.
 
 
36
 
 
Item 2. 
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Critical Accounting Policies (continued)
 
Goodwill and Intangibles
 
In June 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASC 805, Business Combinations and ASC 350, Intangibles. The provisions of ASC 350 discontinue the amortization of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives. Instead, these assets are subject to an annual impairment review and more frequently if certain impairment indicators are in evidence. ASC 350 also requires that reporting units be identified for the purpose of assessing potential future impairments of goodwill. The Company adopted ASC 350 on January 1, 2002. Goodwill totaled $2,639 at January 1, 2002. As of December 31, 2008, the Company recognized $31 in additional goodwill related to the purchase of 70% ownership in F&M Mortgage. In 2017, the Company recognized $211 in goodwill and $285 in intangibles related to the purchase of VST. The goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least annually. The 2018 impairment test will be performed at year end. Based on this testing, there were no impairment charges for 2017. The intangibles related to the VST purchase are amortized over periods up to 15 years with $49 and $53 recorded in 2018 and 2017, respectively.
 
At September 30, 2018, a preliminary goodwill amount of $75 was recorded for VSTitle’s acquisition of a small title company in Harrisonburg. The amount is subject to change during the measurement period.
 
Income Tax
 
The determination of income taxes represents results in income and expense being recognized in different periods for financial reporting purposes versus for the purpose of computing income taxes currently payable. Deferred taxes are provided on such temporary differences and are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be realized or settled. Further, the Company seeks strategies that minimize the tax effect of implementing its business strategies. Management makes judgments regarding the ultimate consequence of long-term tax planning strategies, including the likelihood of future recognition of deferred tax benefits. As a result, it is considered a significant estimate.
 
Fair Value
 
The estimate of fair value involves the use of (1) quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets, (2) quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques using significant assumptions that are observable in the market or (3) model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. When observable market prices and parameters are not fully available, management’s judgment is necessary to arrive at fair value including estimates of current market participant expectations of future cash flows, risk premiums, among other things. Additionally, significant judgment may be required to determine whether certain assets measured at fair value are classified within the fair value hierarchy as Level 2 or Level 3. The estimation process and the potential materiality of the amounts involved result in this item being identified as critical.
 
Pension Plan Accounting
 
The accounting guidance for the measurement and recognition of obligations and expense related to pension plans generally applies the concept that the cost of benefits provided during retirement should be recognized over the employees’ active working life. Inherent in this concept is the requirement to use various actuarial assumptions to predict and measure costs and obligations many years prior to the settlement date. Major actuarial assumptions that require significant management judgment and have a material impact on the measurement of benefits expense and accumulated obligation include discount rates, expected return on assets, mortality rates, and projected salary increases, among others. Changes in assumptions or judgments related to any of these variables could result in significant volatility in the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. As a result, accounting for the Company’s pension expense and obligation is considered a significant estimate. The estimation process and the potential materiality of the amounts involved result in this item being identified as critical.
 
 
37
 
 
Item 2.   
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Critical Accounting Policies (continued)
 
Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)
 
OREO is held for sale and represents real estate acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure. OREO is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan occurs when legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the property to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. The Company’s policy is to carry OREO on its balance sheet at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed.
 
Overview
 
Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $6,175 or $1.71 per diluted share, compared to $7,223 or $1.99 in the same period in 2017, a decrease of 14.51%. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, noninterest income decreased 1.03% and noninterest expense increased 10.77% during the same period. Net income from Bank operations adjusted for income from Parent activities, is as follows:
 
In thousands
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Net Income from Bank Operations
 $6,263 
 $7,023 
Income (loss) from Parent Company Activities
  (88)
  200 
Net Income for the nine months ended September 30
 $6,175 
 $7,223 
 
During the three months ended September 30, 2018, net income was $2,515 or $.70 per diluted share, compared to $2,550 or $.70 in the same period in 2017, a decrease of 1.37%. In the three months ended September 30, 2018, noninterest income increased .09% and noninterest expense increased 11.34%.
 
In thousands
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Net Income from Bank Operations
 $2,375 
 $2,473 
Income from Parent Company Activities
  140 
  77 
Net Income for the three months ended September 30
 $2,515 
 $2,550 
 
As shown in Table I, the 2018 year to date tax equivalent net interest income increased $1,538 or 6.93% compared to the same period in 2017. The tax equivalent adjustment to net interest income totaled $103 for the first nine months of 2018. The yield on earning assets increased .27%, while the cost of funds increased .13% compared to the same period in 2017.
 
The three months ended September 30, 2018 tax equivalent net interest income increased $391 or 5.08% compared to the same period in 2017. The tax equivalent adjustment to net interest income totaled $62 for the three months ended September 30, 2018.
 
Year to date, the combination of the increase in yield on assets and the increase in cost of funds coupled with changes in balance sheet leverage has resulted in the net interest margin increasing to 4.65% at September 30, 2018, an increase of 18 basis points when compared to the same period in 2017. A schedule of the net interest margin for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 can be found in Table I.
 
 
38
 
 
Item 2.   
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Results of Operations
 
GAAP Financial Measurements:
(Dollars in thousands).
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
Nine Months
 
 
Three Months
 
 
Nine Months
 
 
Three Months
 
         Interest Income – Loans
 $26,647 
 $9,179 
 $24,604 
 $8,550 
Interest Income - Securities and Other Interest-Earnings Assets
  386 
  149 
  350 
  138 
         Interest Expense – Deposits
  2,377 
  872 
  1,947 
  698 
         Interest Expense - Other Borrowings
  1,021 
  432 
  914 
  332 
Total Net Interest Income
  23,635 
  8,024 
  22,093 
  7,658 
 
    
    
    
    
Non-GAAP Financial Measurements:
    
    
    
    
Add: Tax Benefit on Tax-Exempt Interest Income – Loans
  103 
  62 
  107 
  37 
Total Tax Benefit on Tax-Exempt Interest Income
  103 
  62 
  107 
  37 
Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income
 $23,738 
 $8,086 
 $22,200 
 $7,695 
 
The following table provides detail on the components of tax equivalent net interest income:
 
The Interest Sensitivity Analysis contained in Table II indicates the Company is in an asset sensitive position in the one year time horizon. As the notes to the table indicate, the data was based in part on assumptions as to when certain assets or liabilities would mature or reprice. Approximately 40.00% of rate sensitive assets and 34.49% of rate sensitive liabilities are subject to repricing within one year. Due to the relatively flat yield curve, management has kept deposit rates low. The growth in earning assets and the growth in noninterest bearing accounts has resulted in the decrease in the positive GAP position in the one year time period.
 
The decrease in noninterest income of $61 for the nine-month period September 30, 2018 is primarily due to the 2017 gain on prepayment of FHLB debt of $504 in the first quarter of 2017. Exclusive of the FHLB debt gain, noninterest income increased 8.14%. Areas of increase are service charges on deposits ($92), ATM and check card fees ($96), investment services and insurance ($129) and title insurance income ($87), partially offset by a decline in mortgage banking income of $99. The increase in noninterest income of $2 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 is due to growth in service charges on deposits ($19), investment services and insurance income ($70), title insurance income ($79) and ATM and check card fees ($42) which were offset by a decline in mortgage banking income ($254). For the three months ended September 30, 2018 noninterest income increased .09%.
 
Noninterest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 increased $1,953 as compared to 2017. Expenses increased in the areas of salaries and benefits ($1,266), occupancy and equipment expense ($222), legal and professional expense ($119), and telecommunications and data processing ($107). For the three months ended September 30, 2018 noninterest expense increased $710. Areas of increase were salary and benefits ($329), occupancy and equipment expense ($52), legal and professional expense ($95), and telecommunications and data processing ($31). Increases in salaries and benefits relate to normal salary increases, additional staff to support new branch locations, employee increases at F&M Mortgage and VSTitle, and increased cost of insurance. Occupancy, equipment and telecommunications and data processing also increased as a result of branching activities.
 
 
39
 
 
Item 2. 
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Balance Sheet
 
Federal Funds Sold and Interest Bearing Bank Deposits
 
The Company’s subsidiary bank invests a portion of its excess liquidity in either federal funds sold or interest bearing bank deposits. Federal funds sold offer daily liquidity and pay market rates of interest that at quarter end were benchmarked at 2.00% to 2.25% by the Federal Reserve. Actual rates received vary slightly based upon money supply and demand among banks. Interest bearing bank deposits are held either in money market accounts or as short-term certificates of deposits. Balances in federal funds sold and interest bearing bank deposits have increased since year end due to changes in the composition of the balances sheet.
 
Securities
 
The Company’s securities portfolio serves to assist the Company with asset liability management.
 
The securities portfolio consists of investment securities commonly referred to as securities held to maturity and securities available for sale. Securities are classified as Held to Maturity investment securities when management has the intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Held to Maturity Investment securities are carried at amortized cost. Securities available for sale include securities that may be sold in response to general market fluctuations, liquidity needs and other similar factors. Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses on available for sale securities are excluded from earnings and reported (net of deferred income taxes) as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. The low income housing projects included in other investments are held for the tax losses and credits that they provide.
 
As of September 30, 2018, the fair value of securities available for sale was below their cost by $190. The portfolio is made up of primarily agency securities with an average portfolio life of just over three years. This short average life results in less portfolio volatility and positions the Bank to redeploy assets in response to rising rates. There are no securities that will mature in 2018.
 
In reviewing investments as of September 30, 2018, there were no securities which met the definition for other than temporary impairment. Management continues to re-evaluate the portfolio for impairment on a quarterly basis.
 
Loan Portfolio
 
The Company operates in a predominately rural area that includes the counties of Rockingham, Page, Shenandoah and Augusta in the western portion of Virginia. The local economy benefits from a variety of businesses including agri-business, manufacturing, service businesses and several universities and colleges. The Bank is an active residential mortgage and residential construction lender and generally makes commercial loans to small and mid-size businesses and farms within its primary service area. There are no loan concentrations as defined by regulatory guidelines.
 
Loans Held for Investment of $646,784 increased $29,810 at September 30, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017. The following categories experienced growth: farmland, real estate, commercial real estate, home equity-open end, consumer, credit cards and dealer finance.
 
Loans Held for Sale totaled $38,595 at September 30, 2018, a decrease of $1,180 compared to December 31, 2017. The Northpointe participation loan program is typically subject to seasonal fluctuations.
 
 
40
 
 
Item 2. 
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Loan Portfolio (continued)
 
Nonperforming loans include nonaccrual loans and loans 90 days or more past due. Nonaccrual loans are loans on which interest accruals have been suspended or discontinued permanently. Nonperforming loans totaled $15,240 at September 30, 2018 compared to $7,102 at December 31, 2017. The increase in nonaccrual loans is primarily due to two commercial relationships which have been reviewed for impairment and properly provisioned at September 30, 2018. Although the potential exists for loan losses, management believes the bank has recorded proper reserves and continues to actively work with its customers to effect payment. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company held $2,063 and $1,984 of real estate which was acquired through foreclosure, respectively.
 
The following is a summary of information pertaining to risk elements and nonperforming loans (in thousands):
 
 
 
 September 30, 2018
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual Loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Real Estate
 $6,521 
 $5,628 
     Commercial
  6,307 
  599 
     Home Equity
  125 
  451 
     Other
  390 
  226 
 
    
    
Loans past due 90 days or more (excluding nonaccrual)
    
    
     Real Estate
  1,484 
  143 
     Commercial
  - 
  - 
     Home Equity
  401 
  - 
     Other
  12 
  55 
 
    
    
Total Nonperforming loans
 $15,240 
 $7,102 
 
    
    
Restructured Loans current and performing:
    
    
      Real Estate
  6,101 
  7,710 
      Commercial
  1,255 
  - 
      Home Equity
  - 
  - 
       Other
  245 
  78 
 
    
    
Nonperforming loans as a percentage of loans held for investment
  2.36%
  1.15%
 
    
    
Net charge offs to total loans held for investment
  .19%
  .24%
 
    
    
Allowance for loan and lease losses to nonperforming loans
  47.72%
  85.10%
 
41
 
 
Item 2. 
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Allowance for Loan Losses
 
The allowance for loan losses provides for the risk that borrowers will be unable to repay their obligations. The risk associated with real estate and installment notes to individuals is based upon employment, the local and national economies and consumer confidence. All of these affect the ability of borrowers to repay indebtedness. The risk associated with commercial lending is substantially based on the strength of the local and national economies.
 
Management evaluates the allowance for loan losses on a quarterly basis in light of national and local economic trends, changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio and trends in past due and criticized loans. Specific factors evaluated include internally generated loan review reports, past due reports, historical loan loss experience and changes in the financial strength of individual borrowers that have been included on the Bank’s watch list or schedule of classified loans.
 
In evaluating the portfolio, loans are segregated into loans with identified losses, pools of loans by type, with separate weighting for past dues and a general allowance based on a variety of criteria. Loans with identified losses include bank classified loans. Classified relationships in excess of $500,000 and loans identified as troubled debt restructurings are reviewed individually for impairment under ASC 310. A variety of factors are considered when reviewing these credits, including borrower cash flow, payment history, fair value of collateral, company management, industry and economic factors.
 
Loans that are not impaired are categorized by call report code into unimpaired and classified loans. For unimpaired loans an estimate is calculated based on actual loss experience over the last five years, for loans of that type. Dealer finance loans utilize a two-year loss history. The Company monitors the net losses for this division and adjusts based on how the portfolio has performed since the department was established in 2012.  For classified loans, loans are grouped by call code and past due or adverse risk rating. Loss rates are assigned based on actual loss experience over the last five years multiplied by a risk factor. The Dealer finance loans are given a higher risk factor for past due and adverse risk ratings based on back testing of the risk factors.
 
A general allowance for inherent losses has been established to reflect other unidentified losses within the portfolio. The general allowance is calculated using nine qualitative factors identified in the 2006 Interagency Policy Statement on the allowance for loan losses.  The general allowance assists in managing recent changes in portfolio risk that may not be captured in individually impaired loans, or in the homogeneous pools based on loss histories. The Board approves the loan loss provision for each quarter based on this evaluation.
 
The allowance for loan losses of $7,273 at September 30, 2018 is equal to 1.12% of loans held for investment. This compares to an allowance of $6,044 (.98%) at December 31, 2017. The Company experienced an increase in nonperforming loans during the fourth quarter of 2017 and first nine months of 2018. As a result, the Bank has recorded a $2,480 provision for loan losses in 2018 for the first nine months of 2018, $450 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $0 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. In addition, past due and adversely risk rated loans have higher allocation factors within the allowance for loan losses calculation. The increase in nonperforming loans is attributable to two relationships ($8.1 million) that have been reviewed for impairment and have specific reserves of $2.3 million in the allowance for loan losses. Management will continue to monitor nonperforming and past due loans and will make necessary adjustments to specific reserves and provision for loan losses should conditions change regarding collateral values or cash flow expectations.
 
 
42
 
Item 2. 
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Deposits and Other Borrowings
 
The Company's main source of funding is comprised of deposits received from individuals, governmental entities and businesses located within the Company's service area. Deposit accounts include demand deposits, savings, money market and certificates of deposit. Total deposits at September 30, 2018 have increased $19,808 since December 31, 2017. Noninterest bearing deposits increased $1,680 while interest bearing increased $18,128. The increase in deposits is a direct result of the banks efforts to grow customer deposits through branch operations, business development and a new money market promotion. The Bank participates in the CDARS (Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service) and ICS (Insured Cash Sweep) programs. These programs, CDARS for certificates of deposit and ICS for demand and savings, allow the Bank to accept customer deposits in excess of FDIC limits through reciprocal agreements with other network participating banks by offering FDIC insurance up to as much as $50 million in deposits. The Bank also has the ability to bid on One-Way buy deposits through the CDARs network and has participated in this program to supplement core deposits. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 the Company had a total of $2.3 million and $1.2 million in CDARS funding and $19.2 million and $16.7 million in ICS funding, respectively.
 
Short-term borrowings
 
Short-term debt consists of federal funds purchased, daily rate credit obtained from the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB), and short-term fixed rate FHLB borrowings. Federal funds purchased are overnight borrowings obtained from the Bank’s primary correspondent bank to manage short-term liquidity needs. Borrowings from the FHLB have been used to finance loans held for sale and also to finance the increase in short-term residential and commercial construction loans. As of September 30, 2018, short-term debt consisted of $30,000 in FHLB short-term borrowings. This compared to FHLB short-term borrowings of $20,000 at December 31, 2017. There were no balances in Federal funds purchased at September 30, 2018 and a balance of $5,296 at December 31, 2017.
 
Long-term borrowings
 
Borrowings from the FHLB continue to be an important source of funding. The Company’s subsidiary bank borrows funds on a fixed rate basis. These borrowings are used to fund loan growth and also assist the Bank in matching the maturity of its fixed rate real estate loan portfolio with the maturity of its debt and thus reduce its exposure to interest rate changes. There were no new borrowings in 2018. Long term FHLB borrowings totaled $46,232 and $49,554 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
 
The Company also has a note payable on a lot adjacent to one of the branches in the amount of $85 and $170 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. VS Title, LLC has a vehicle loan with a balance of $9 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
 
 
43
 
 
Item 2. 
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Capital
 
The Company seeks to maintain a strong capital base to expand facilities, promote public confidence, support current operations and grow at a manageable level.
 
In March 2015, the Bank implemented the Basel III capital requirements, which introduced the Common Equity Tier I ratio in addition to the two previous capital guidelines of Tier I capital (referred to as core capital) and Tier II capital (referred to as supplementary capital). At September 30, 2018, the Bank had Common Equity Tier I capital of 13.97%, Tier I capital of 13.97% of risk weighted assets and combined Tier I and II capital of 15.08% of risk weighted assets. Regulatory minimums at this date were 4.5%, 6% and 8%, respectively. At December 30, 2017, the Bank had Common Equity Tier I capital of 13.86%, Tier I capital of 13.86% of risk weighted assets and combined Tier I and II capital of 15.08% of risk weighted assets. Regulatory minimums at this date were 4.5%, 6% and 8%, respectively. The Bank has maintained capital levels far above the minimum requirements throughout the year. In the unlikely event that such capital levels are not met, regulatory agencies are empowered to require the Bank to raise additional capital and/or reallocate present capital.
 
In addition, the regulatory agencies have issued guidelines requiring the maintenance of a capital leverage ratio. The leverage ratio is computed by dividing Tier I capital by average total assets. The regulators have established a minimum of 4% for this ratio but can increase the minimum requirement based upon an institution's overall financial condition. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank reported a leverage ratio of 11.97% and 11.83%, respectively, which was also substantially above the minimum. The Bank also reported a capital conservation buffer of 7.08% at September 30, 2018 and 7.41% at December 31, 2017. The capital conservation buffer is designed to strengthen an institution’s financial resilience during economic cycles. Financial institutions are required to maintain a minimum buffer as required by the Basel III final rules in order to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and other payments. Beginning January 1, 2017, a capital conservation buffer of 0.625% became effective. The capital conservation buffer for 2018 is 1.25% and will gradually be increased through January 1, 2019 to 2.5%.
 
Liquidity
 
Liquidity is the ability to meet present and future financial obligations through either the sale or maturity of existing assets or the acquisition of additional funds through liability management. Liquid assets include cash, interest-bearing deposits with banks, federal funds sold, investments and loans maturing within one year. The Company's ability to obtain deposits and purchase funds at favorable rates determines its liquidity exposure. As a result of the Company's management of liquid assets and the ability to generate liquidity through liability funding, management believes that the Company maintains overall liquidity sufficient to satisfy its depositors' requirements and meet its customers' credit needs.
 
Additional sources of liquidity available to the Company include, but are not limited to, loan repayments, the ability to obtain deposits through the adjustment of interest rates and the purchasing of federal funds. To further meet its liquidity needs, the Company’s subsidiary bank also maintains a line of credit with its primary correspondent financial institution, with Zions Bank and Pacific Coast Bankers Bank. The Bank also has a line of credit with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta that allows for secured borrowings.
 
Interest Rate Sensitivity
 
In conjunction with maintaining a satisfactory level of liquidity, management must also control the degree of interest rate risk assumed on the balance sheet. Managing this risk involves regular monitoring of interest sensitive assets relative to interest sensitive liabilities over specific time intervals. The Company monitors its interest rate sensitivity periodically and makes adjustments as needed. There are no off balance sheet items that will impair future liquidity.
 
As of September 30, 2018, the Company had a cumulative Gap Rate Sensitivity Ratio of 15.33% for the one year repricing period. This generally indicates that earnings would increase in an increasing interest rate environment as assets reprice more quickly than liabilities. However, in actual practice, this may not be the case as balance sheet leverage, funding needs and competitive factors within the market could dictate the need to raise deposit rates more quickly. Management constantly monitors the Company’s interest rate risk and has decided the current position is acceptable for a well-capitalized community bank.
 
A summary of asset and liability repricing opportunities is shown in Table II.
 
 
44
 
 
Item 2. 
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Effect of Newly Issued Accounting Standards
 
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” Among other things, in the amendments in ASU 2017-02, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (1) A lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) A right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Certain targeted improvements were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted upon issuance. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements by gathering data on current lease agreements and analyzing the capital impact of expected right of use assets that will be recorded. No changes are expected regarding total lease expense.
 
During June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The amendments in this ASU are effective for SEC filers for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2016-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements and has formed a Current Expected Credit Losses steering committee which has chosen a vendor and is in the set up stage with expectations of running parallel for all of 2019 and all data has been archived under the current model.
 
During January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”. The amendments in this ASU simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Instead, under the amendments in this ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. Public business entities that are U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filers should adopt the amendments in this ASU for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-04 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
 
During March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 201708, “Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 31020), Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.” The amendments in this ASU shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities purchased at a premium. Upon adoption of the standard, premiums on these qualifying callable debt securities will be amortized to the earliest call date. Discounts on purchased debt securities will continue to be accreted to maturity. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. Upon transition, entities should apply the guidance on a modified retrospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption and provide the disclosures required for a change in accounting principle. The Company does not expect this standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements
 
 
45
 
 
Item 2. 
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
 
Effect of Newly Issued Accounting Standards, continued
 
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-03, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” The amendments provide targeted improvements to address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. Specifically, the amendments include clarifications related to: measurement elections, transition requirements, and adjustments associated with equity securities without readily determinable fair values; fair value measurement requirements for forward contracts and purchased options on equity securities; presentation requirements for hybrid financial liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected; and measurement requirements for liabilities denominated in a foreign currency for which the fair value option has been elected. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 201803 will have on its consolidated financial statements.
 
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Compensation- Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” The amendments expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payments issued to non-employees for goods or services, which were previously excluded. The amendments will align the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees more similarly. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not have stock compensation and therefore this standard will have no material impact.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” The amendments modify the disclosure requirements in Topic 820 to add disclosures regarding changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty. Certain disclosure requirements in Topic 820 are also removed or modified. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Certain of the amendments are to be applied prospectively while others are to be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-13 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
 
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.” These amendments modify the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. Certain disclosure requirements have been deleted while the following disclosure requirements have been added: the weighted-average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and other plans with promised interest crediting rates and an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period. The amendments also clarify the disclosure requirements in paragraph 715-20-50-3, which state that the following information for defined benefit pension plans should be disclosed: The projected benefit obligation (PBO) and fair value of plan assets for plans with PBOs in excess of plan assets and the accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and fair value of plan assets for plans with ABOs in excess of plan assets. The amendments are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-14 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
 
Other accounting standards that have been issued by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, result of operations or cash flows.
 
Existence of Securities and Exchange Commission Web Site
 
The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains a Web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the Commission, including F & M Bank Corp. and the address is (http: //www.sec.gov).
 
 
 
46
 
TABLE I
F & M BANK CORP.
Net Interest Margin Analysis
(on a fully taxable equivalent basis)
(Dollar Amounts in Thousands)
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
September 30, 2017
 
Average
 
 
 
 
Income/
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
Income/
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
Income/
 
 
Average
 
 
 
 
 
Income/
 
 
Average
 
 
 
Balance2,4
 
 
Expense
 
 
Rates
 
 
Balance2,4
 
 
Expense
 
 
Rates
 
 
Balance2,4
 
 
Expense
 
 
Rates
 
 
Balance2,4
 
 
Expense
 
 
Rates
 
Interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for investment1,2
 $630,016 
 $25,975 
  5.51%
 $599,198 
 $23,937 
  5.34%
 $639,195 
 $8,924 
  5.54%
 $611,426 
 $8,258 
  5.36%
Loans held for sale
  32,904 
  775 
  3.15%
  36,026 
  774 
  2.87%
  39,791 
  317 
  3.16%
  45,007 
  329 
  2.90%
Federal funds sold
  4,708 
  62 
  1.76%
  15,780 
  108 
  .92%
  8,705 
  44 
  2.01%
  11,131 
  37 
  1.32%
Interest bearing deposits
  985 
  11 
  1.49%
  1,594 
  8 
  .67%
  784 
  4 
  2.02%
  2,569 
  4 
  .62%
    Investments
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Taxable 3
  13,755 
  313 
  3.04%
  11,211 
  234 
  2.79%
  14,153 
  101 
  2.83%
  11,195 
  97 
  3.44%
Partially taxable
  124 
  - 
  - 
  125 
  - 
  - 
  123 
  - 
  - 
  125 
  - 
  - 
Total earning assets
 $682,492 
 $27,136 
  5.32%
 $663,934 
 $25,061 
  5.05%
 $702,751 
 $9,390 
  5.30%
 $681,453 
 $8,725 
  5.08%
Interest Expense
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Demand deposits
  119,497 
  464 
  .52%
  119,318 
  393 
  .44%
  127,155 
  197 
  .61%
  119,179 
  140 
  .47%
Savings
  123,522 
  415 
  .45%
  112,803 
  379 
  .45%
  124,371 
  140 
  .45%
  114,864 
  132 
  .46%
Time deposits
  163,002 
  1,498 
  1.23%
  157,579 
  1,175 
  1.00%
  160,816 
  535 
  1.32%
  161,487 
  426 
  1.05%
Short-term debt
  22,242 
  282 
  1.70%
  21,217 
  46 
  .29%
  38,568 
  146 
  1.50%
  32,832 
  14 
  .16%
Long-term debt
  47,735 
  739 
  2.07%
  53,968 
  868 
  2.15%
  46,616 
  286 
  2.43%
  51,169 
  318 
  2.47%
Total interest bearing liabilities
 $475,998 
 $3,398 
  .95%
 $464,885 
 $2,861 
  .82%
 $497,526 
 $1,304 
  1.04%
 $479,531 
 $1,030 
  .86%
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Tax equivalent net interest income
    
 $23,738 
    
    
 $22,200 
    
    
 $8,086 
    
    
 $7,695 
    
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Net interest margin
    
    
  4.65%
    
    
  4.47%
    
    
  4.56%
    
    
  4.48%
 
1 Interest income on loans includes loan fees.
2 Loans held for investment include nonaccrual loans.
3 An incremental income tax rate of 21% was used to calculate the tax equivalent income on nontaxable and partially taxable investments and loans in 2018 and 34% was used in 2017.
4 Average balance information is reflective of historical cost and has not been adjusted for changes in market value annualized.
 
 
47
 
TABLE II
 
F & M BANK CORP.
Interest Sensitivity Analysis
September 30, 2018
(Dollars In Thousands)
 
The following table presents the Company’s interest sensitivity.
 
 
  0 – 3 
  4 – 12 
  1 – 5 
 
Over 5
 
 
Not
 
    
 sds
               Months
 
 
Months
 
 
Years
 
 
Years
 
 
Classified
 
 
Total
 
 
    
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Uses of funds
    
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
    
    
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 $41,871 
 $32,918 
 $111,884 
 $31,251 
 $- 
 $217,924 
Installment
  6,380 
  2,358 
  73,955 
  20,051 
  - 
  102,744 
Real estate loans for investments
  98,680 
  49,503 
  163,182 
  11,802 
  - 
  323,167 
Loans held for sale
  38,595 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  38,595 
Credit cards
  2,949 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  2,949 
Interest bearing bank deposits
  805 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  805 
Federal funds sold
  6,313 
    
    
    
    
  6,313 
Investment securities
  - 
  - 
  7,943 
  424 
  - 
  8,367 
Total
 $195,593 
 $84,779 
 $356,964 
 $63,528 
 $- 
 $700,864 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Sources of funds
    
    
    
    
    
    
Interest bearing demand deposits
 $- 
 $45,761 
 $82,141 
 $18,190 
 $- 
 $146,092 
Savings deposits
  - 
  24,224 
  72,672 
  24,224 
  - 
  121,120 
Certificates of deposit $100,000 and over
  2,283 
  18,906 
  31,285 
  295 
  - 
  52,769 
Other certificates of deposit
  7,074 
  32,669 
  64,947 
  401 
  - 
  105,091 
Short-term borrowings
  30,000 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  - 
  30,000 
Long-term borrowings
  6,107 
  5,907 
  30,687 
  3,625 
  - 
  46,326 
Total
 $45,464 
 $127,467 
 $281,732 
 $46,735 
 $- 
 $501,398 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Discrete Gap
 $150,129 
 $(42,688)
 $75,230 
 $16,793 
 $- 
 $199,464 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Cumulative Gap
 $150,129 
 $107,441 
 $182,671 
 $199,464 
 $199,464 
    
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
Ratio of Cumulative Gap to Total Earning Assets
  21.42%
  15.33%
  26.06%
  28.46%
  28.46%
    
 
Table II reflects the earlier of the maturity or repricing dates for various assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2018. In preparing the above table, no assumptions were made with respect to loan prepayments. Loan principal payments are included in the earliest period in which the loan matures or can reprice. Investment securities included in the table consist of securities held to maturity and securities available for sale. Principal payments on installment loans scheduled prior to maturity are included in the period of maturity or repricing. Proceeds from the redemption of investments and deposits are included in the period of maturity. Estimated maturities of deposits, which have no stated maturity dates, were derived from guidance contained in FDICIA 305.
 
 
48
 
 
Item 3.   
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
 
The Company considers interest rate risk to be a significant market risk and has systems in place to measure the exposure of net interest income to adverse movement in interest rates. Interest rate shock analyses provide management with an indication of potential economic loss due to future rate changes. There have not been any changes which would significantly alter the results disclosed as of December 31, 2017 in the Company’s 2017 Form 10-K, Item 7A or Part II.
 
Item 4.          Controls and Procedures
 
The Company’s management evaluated, with the participation of the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of September 30, 2018 to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the three months ended September 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, the Company believes that no system of controls, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide absolute assurance that all control issues have been detected.
 
 
49
 
 
Part II     
Other Information
 
Item 1.   
Legal Proceedings
 
There are no material pending legal proceedings other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to its business, to which the Company is a party or of which the property of the Company is subject.
 
Item 1a.  
Risk Factors –
 
There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
 
Item 2.  
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds –None
 
Item 3.   
Defaults Upon Senior Securities – None
 
Item 4. 
Mine Safety Disclosures None
 
Item 5.    
Other Information – None
 
Item 6.   
Exhibits
 
(a)           
Exhibits
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) (filed herewith).
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) (filed herewith).
 
32 
Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
 
101 
The following materials from F&M Bank Corp.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10Q for the period ended September 30, 2018, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), include: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) related notes (filed herewith).
 
 
50
 
 
Signatures
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
F & M BANK CORP.
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:  
/s/ Mark C. Hanna
 
 
 
Mark C. Hanna 
 
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:  
/s/ Carrie A. Comer
 
 
 
Carrie A. Comer 
 
 
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 

 
November 9, 2018
 
 
 
51
 
Exhibit Index:
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) (filed herewith).
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) (filed herewith).
 
32 
Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
 
101 
The following materials from F&M Bank Corp.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10Q for the period ended September 30, 2018, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL), include: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) related notes (filed herewith).
 
 
52