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EX-99.2 - EXHIBIT 99.2 - Equity Commonwealtheqc63018ex992.htm
8-K - 8-K - Equity Commonwealtheqc630188kearnings.htm
Exhibit 99.1

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Two North Riverside Plaza, Suite 2100, Chicago, Illinois 60606

            
Equity Commonwealth Reports Second Quarter 2018 Results

Chicago - July 30, 2018 - Equity Commonwealth (NYSE: EQC) today reported financial results for the quarter ended June 30, 2018. All per share results are reported on a diluted basis.

Financial results for the quarter ended June 30, 2018
Net income attributable to common shareholders was $35.0 million, or $0.29 per share, for the quarter ended June 30, 2018. This compares to net loss attributable to common shareholders of $7.8 million, or $0.06 per share, for the quarter ended June 30, 2017. The increase in net income was primarily due to gains from property sales and a decrease in asset impairment.

Funds from Operations (FFO), as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, were $20.8 million, or $0.17 per share. This compares to FFO for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 of $31.1 million, or $0.25 per share. The following items impacted FFO for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, compared to the corresponding 2017 period:
($0.21) per share of income from properties sold;
$0.07 per share of interest expense savings; and
$0.05 per of share of increase in interest and other income.

Normalized FFO was $20.8 million, or $0.17 per share. This compares to Normalized FFO for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 of $27.1 million, or $0.22 per share. The following items impacted Normalized FFO for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, compared to the corresponding 2017 period:
($0.21) per share of income from properties sold;
$0.07 per share of interest expense savings;
$0.05 per share of increase in interest and other income; and
$0.02 per share of increase in same property cash NOI.

Normalized FFO begins with FFO and eliminates certain items that, by their nature, are not comparable from period to period, non-cash items, and items that tend to obscure the companys operating performance. Definitions of FFO, Normalized FFO and reconciliations to net income, determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, are included at the end of this press release.

For the quarter ended June 30, 2018, the company’s balance of cash and marketable securities was $2.8 billion. Total debt outstanding was $280 million and availability under the company’s revolving credit facility was $750 million.

The weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding when calculating net income per share for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 was 122,649,382 shares, compared to 124,067,247 for the quarter ended June 30, 2017. The weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding when calculating FFO or Normalized FFO per share for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 was 122,692,289 shares, compared to 125,255,722 for the quarter ended June 30, 2017.

Same property results for the quarter ended June 30, 2018
The companys same property portfolio at the end of the quarter consisted of 13 properties totaling 6.3 million square feet. Operating results were as follows:
The same property portfolio was 89.8% leased as of June 30, 2018, compared to 88.6% as of March 31, 2018, and 87.5% as of June 30, 2017.

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The same property portfolio commenced occupancy was 87.7% as of June 30, 2018, compared to 83.5% as of March 31, 2018, and 84.8% as of June 30, 2017.
Same property NOI increased 2.6% when compared to the same period in 2017.
Same property cash NOI increased 12.3% when compared to the same period in 2017.
The company entered into leases for approximately 292,000 square feet, including new leases for approximately 189,000 square feet and renewal leases for approximately 103,000 square feet.
GAAP rental rates on new and renewal leases were 23.6% higher compared to prior GAAP rental rates for the same space.
Cash rental rates on new and renewal leases were 10.4% higher compared to prior cash rental rates for the same space.

The definitions and reconciliations of same property NOI and same property cash NOI to operating income, determined in accordance with GAAP, are included at the end of this press release. The same property portfolio includes properties continuously owned from April 1, 2017 through June 30, 2018.

Significant events during the quarter ended June 30, 2018
The company repaid at par its $400 million unsecured floating rate term loans due in 2020 and 2022. The company also terminated its $400 million interest rate cap that would have matured on March 1, 2019.
The company completed the sale of 1601 Dry Creek in Longmont, Colorado, a 100% leased, 553,000 square foot office property for a gross sale price of $68.5 million.

Subsequent Events
The company currently has 3 properties totaling 1.2 million square feet in various stages of the sale process.

Earnings Conference Call & Supplemental Data
Equity Commonwealth will host a conference call to discuss second quarter results on Tuesday, July 31, 2018, at 8:00 A.M. CDT. The conference call will be available via live audio webcast on the Investor Relations section of the companys website (www.eqcre.com). A replay of the audio webcast will also be available following the call.

A copy of EQCs Second Quarter 2018 Supplemental Operating and Financial Data is available on the Investor Relations section of EQCs website at www.eqcre.com.

About Equity Commonwealth
Equity Commonwealth (NYSE: EQC) is a Chicago based, internally managed and self-advised real estate investment trust (REIT) with commercial office properties in the United States. As of June 30, 2018, EQCs portfolio comprised 13 properties and 6.3 million square feet.

Regulation FD Disclosures
We intend to use any of the following to comply with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD: press releases, SEC filings, public conference calls, or our website. We routinely post important information on our website at www.eqcre.com, including information that may be deemed to be material. We encourage investors and others interested in the company to monitor these distribution channels for material disclosures.

Forward-Looking Statements
Some of the statements contained in this press release constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including, but not limited to, statements regarding share repurchases, marketing the company’s properties for sale and consummating asset sales. Any forward-looking statements contained in this press release are intended to be made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations, beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases which are predictions of or

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indicate future events or trends and which do not relate solely to historical matters. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions.

The forward-looking statements contained in this press release reflect the company’s current views about future events and are subject to numerous known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and changes in circumstances that may cause the company’s actual results to differ significantly from those expressed in any forward-looking statement. We do not guarantee that the transactions and events described will happen as described (or that they will happen at all).

While forward-looking statements reflect the company’s good faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. We disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, of new information, data or methods, future events or other changes. For a further discussion of these and other factors that could cause the company’s future results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements, see the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in the company’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for subsequent quarters.



Contact:
Sarah Byrnes, Investor Relations
(312) 646-2801
ir@eqcre.com









    




3

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(amounts in thousands, except share data)


 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
ASSETS
 
 
 
Real estate properties:
 
 
 
Land
$
146,700

 
$
191,775

Buildings and improvements
1,117,446

 
1,555,836

 
1,264,146

 
1,747,611

Accumulated depreciation
(387,888
)
 
(450,718
)
 
876,258

 
1,296,893

Assets held for sale

 
97,688

Acquired real estate leases, net
2,946

 
23,847

Cash and cash equivalents
2,507,117

 
2,351,693

Marketable securities
248,275

 
276,928

Restricted cash
8,419

 
8,897

Rents receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,101 and $4,771, respectively
57,347

 
93,436

Other assets, net
76,512

 
87,563

Total assets
$
3,776,874

 
$
4,236,945

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
Revolving credit facility
$

 
$

Senior unsecured debt, net
248,048

 
815,984

Mortgage notes payable, net
31,964

 
32,594

Liabilities related to properties held for sale

 
1,840

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other
44,380

 
74,956

Rent collected in advance
10,173

 
11,076

Total liabilities
$
334,565

 
$
936,450

 
 
 
 
Shareholders' equity:
 
 
 
Preferred shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value: 50,000,000 shares authorized;
 
 
 
Series D preferred shares; 6 1/2% cumulative convertible; 4,915,196 shares issued and outstanding, aggregate liquidation preference of $122,880
$
119,263

 
$
119,263

Common shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value: 350,000,000 shares authorized; 121,482,673 and 124,217,616 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
1,215

 
1,242

Additional paid in capital
4,300,822

 
4,380,313

Cumulative net income
2,822,793

 
2,596,259

Cumulative other comprehensive loss
(1,469
)
 
(95
)
Cumulative common distributions
(3,111,868
)
 
(3,111,868
)
Cumulative preferred distributions
(689,742
)
 
(685,748
)
Total shareholders’ equity
3,441,014

 
3,299,366

Noncontrolling interest
1,295

 
1,129

Total equity
$
3,442,309

 
$
3,300,495

Total liabilities and equity
$
3,776,874

 
$
4,236,945



4

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)



 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental income
$
35,211

 
$
74,352

 
$
78,760

 
$
154,557

Tenant reimbursements and other income
13,425

 
17,247

 
28,464

 
36,593

Total revenues
$
48,636

 
$
91,599

 
$
107,224

 
$
191,150

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating expenses
$
19,521

 
$
37,284

 
$
44,120

 
$
78,371

Depreciation and amortization
13,021

 
23,922

 
26,924

 
50,837

General and administrative
11,222

 
11,960

 
24,561

 
24,038

Loss on asset impairment

 
18,428

 
12,087

 
19,714

Total expenses
$
43,764

 
$
91,594

 
$
107,692

 
$
172,960

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income (loss)
$
4,872

 
$
5

 
$
(468
)
 
$
18,190

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest and other income, net
12,668

 
6,019

 
18,448

 
10,391

Interest expense (including net amortization of debt discounts, premiums and deferred financing fees of $645, $849, $1,446 and $1,562, respectively)
(6,350
)
 
(14,863
)
 
(16,465
)
 
(29,877
)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
(1,536
)
 
(63
)
 
(6,403
)
 
(63
)
Gain on sale of properties, net
26,937

 
3,136

 
232,148

 
19,590

Income (loss) before income taxes
36,591

 
(5,766
)
 
227,260

 
18,231

Income tax benefit (expense)
456

 
(45
)
 
(2,551
)
 
(220
)
Net income (loss)
$
37,047

 
$
(5,811
)
 
$
224,709

 
$
18,011

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
(14
)
 
2

 
(77
)
 
(6
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Equity Commonwealth
$
37,033

 
$
(5,809
)
 
$
224,632

 
18,005

Preferred distributions
(1,997
)
 
(1,997
)
 
(3,994
)
 
(3,994
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Equity Commonwealth common shareholders
$
35,036

 
$
(7,806
)
 
$
220,638

 
$
14,011

Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic (1)
121,822

 
124,067

 
122,839

 
124,057

Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted (1)
122,649

 
124,067

 
126,027

 
125,203

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per common share attributable to Equity Commonwealth common shareholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.29

 
$
(0.06
)
 
$
1.80

 
$
0.11

Diluted
$
0.29

 
$
(0.06
)
 
$
1.78

 
$
0.11

(1)
Weighted average common shares outstanding for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 includes 362 and 0 unvested, earned RSUs, respectively. Weighted average common shares outstanding for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 includes 335 and 0 unvested, earned RSUs, respectively. Additionally, as of June 30, 2018, we had 4,915 series D preferred shares outstanding that were convertible into 2,363 common shares. The series D preferred shares are dilutive for GAAP EPS for the six months ended June 30, 2018. They are anti-dilutive for all other periods presented.

5

CALCULATION OF FUNDS FROM OPERATIONS (FFO) AND NORMALIZED FFO
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)


 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Calculation of FFO
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
37,047

 
$
(5,811
)
 
$
224,709

 
$
18,011

Real estate depreciation and amortization
12,717

 
23,619

 
26,320

 
50,235

Loss on asset impairment

 
18,428

 
12,087

 
19,714

Gain on sale of properties, net
(26,937
)
 
(3,136
)
 
(232,148
)
 
(19,590
)
FFO attributable to Equity Commonwealth
22,827

 
33,100

 
30,968

 
68,370

Preferred distributions
(1,997
)
 
(1,997
)
 
(3,994
)
 
(3,994
)
FFO attributable to EQC common shareholders and unitholders
$
20,830

 
$
31,103

 
$
26,974

 
$
64,376

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Calculation of Normalized FFO
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FFO attributable to EQC common shareholders and unitholders
$
20,830

 
$
31,103

 
$
26,974

 
$
64,376

Lease value amortization
(18
)
 
518

 
80

 
1,091

Straight line rent adjustments
(1,022
)
 
(4,543
)
 
(2,550
)
 
(8,930
)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
1,536

 
63

 
6,403

 
63

Income taxes related to gains on property sales
(496
)
 

 
2,473

 

Loss on sale of securities

 

 
4,987

 

Normalized FFO attributable to EQC common shareholders and unitholders
$
20,830

 
$
27,141

 
$
38,367

 
$
56,600

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares and units outstanding -- basic (1)
121,865

 
124,106

 
122,882

 
124,091

Weighted average common shares and units outstanding -- diluted (1)
122,692

 
125,256

 
123,707

 
125,203

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FFO attributable to EQC common shareholders and unitholders per share and unit -- basic
$
0.17

 
$
0.25

 
$
0.22

 
$
0.52

FFO attributable to EQC common shareholders and unitholders per share and unit -- diluted
$
0.17

 
$
0.25

 
$
0.22

 
$
0.51

Normalized FFO attributable to EQC common shareholders and unitholders per share and unit -- basic
$
0.17

 
$
0.22

 
$
0.31

 
$
0.46

Normalized FFO attributable to EQC common shareholders and unitholders per share and unit -- diluted
$
0.17

 
$
0.22

 
$
0.31

 
$
0.45

(1
)
Our calculations of FFO and Normalized FFO attributable to EQC common shareholders and unitholders per share and unit - basic for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 include 42 LTIP/Operating Partnership Units that are excluded from the calculation of basic earnings per common share attributable to EQC common shareholders (only). Our calculations of FFO and Normalized FFO attributable to EQC common shareholders and unitholders per share and unit - basic for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 include 39 and 34 LTIP/Operating Partnership Units, respectively, that are excluded from the calculation of basic earnings per common share attributable to EQC common shareholders (only).





6



We compute FFO in accordance with standards established by NAREIT. NAREIT defines FFO as net income (loss), calculated in accordance with GAAP, excluding real estate depreciation and amortization, gains (or losses) from sales of depreciable property, impairment of depreciable real estate, and our portion of these items related to equity investees and noncontrolling interests.  Our calculation of Normalized FFO differs from NAREIT’s definition of FFO because we exclude certain items that we view as nonrecurring or impacting comparability from period to period.  FFO and Normalized FFO are supplemental non-GAAP financial measures. We consider FFO and Normalized FFO to be appropriate measures of operating performance for a REIT, along with net income (loss), net income (loss) attributable to EQC common shareholders, operating income (loss) and cash flow from operating activities.
 
We believe that FFO and Normalized FFO provide useful information to investors because by excluding the effects of certain historical amounts, such as depreciation expense, FFO and Normalized FFO may facilitate a comparison of our operating performance between periods and with other REITs.  FFO and Normalized FFO do not represent cash generated by operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as alternatives to net income (loss), net income (loss) attributable to EQC common shareholders, operating income (loss) or cash flow from operating activities, determined in accordance with GAAP, or as indicators of our financial performance or liquidity, nor are these measures necessarily indicative of sufficient cash flow to fund all of our needs.  These measures should be considered in conjunction with net income (loss), net income (loss) attributable to EQC common shareholders, operating income (loss) and cash flow from operating activities as presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.  Other REITs and real estate companies may calculate FFO and Normalized FFO differently than we do.




7

CALCULATION OF SAME PROPERTY NET OPERATING INCOME (NOI) AND SAME PROPERTY CASH BASIS NOI
(amounts in thousands)


 
For the Three Months Ended
 
6/30/2018
 
3/31/2018
 
12/31/2017
 
9/30/2017
 
6/30/2017
Calculation of Same Property NOI and Same Property Cash Basis NOI:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental income
$
35,211

 
$
43,549

 
$
54,672

 
$
61,091

 
$
74,352

Tenant reimbursements and other income
13,425

 
15,039

 
16,951

 
16,707

 
17,247

Operating expenses
(19,521
)
 
(24,599
)
 
(30,674
)
 
(32,380
)
 
(37,284
)
NOI
$
29,115

 
$
33,989

 
$
40,949

 
$
45,418

 
$
54,315

Straight line rent adjustments
(1,022
)
 
(1,528
)
 
(1,938
)
 
(3,557
)
 
(4,543
)
Lease value amortization
(18
)
 
98

 
295

 
388

 
518

Lease termination fees
(1,557
)
 
(965
)
 
(942
)
 
(1,477
)
 
(814
)
Cash Basis NOI
$
26,518

 
$
31,594

 
$
38,364

 
$
40,772

 
$
49,476

Cash Basis NOI from non-same properties (1)
(775
)
 
(7,451
)
 
(13,411
)
 
(16,531
)
 
(26,558
)
Same Property Cash Basis NOI
$
25,743

 
$
24,143

 
$
24,953

 
$
24,241

 
$
22,918

Non-cash rental income and lease termination fees from same properties
1,970

 
1,913

 
1,845

 
3,284

 
4,100

Same Property NOI
$
27,713

 
$
26,056

 
$
26,798

 
$
27,525

 
$
27,018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Same Property NOI to GAAP Operating Income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Same Property NOI
$
27,713

 
$
26,056

 
$
26,798

 
$
27,525

 
$
27,018

Non-cash rental income and lease termination fees from same properties
(1,970
)
 
(1,913
)
 
(1,845
)
 
(3,284
)
 
(4,100
)
Same Property Cash Basis NOI
$
25,743

 
$
24,143

 
$
24,953

 
$
24,241

 
$
22,918

Cash Basis NOI from non-same properties (1)
775

 
7,451

 
13,411

 
16,531

 
26,558

Cash Basis NOI
$
26,518

 
$
31,594

 
$
38,364

 
$
40,772

 
$
49,476

Straight line rent adjustments
1,022

 
1,528

 
1,938

 
3,557

 
4,543

Lease value amortization
18

 
(98
)
 
(295
)
 
(388
)
 
(518
)
Lease termination fees
1,557

 
965

 
942

 
1,477

 
814

NOI
$
29,115

 
$
33,989

 
$
40,949

 
$
45,418

 
$
54,315

Depreciation and amortization
(13,021
)
 
(13,903
)
 
(18,738
)
 
(21,133
)
 
(23,922
)
General and administrative
(11,222
)
 
(13,339
)
 
(12,033
)
 
(11,689
)
 
(11,960
)
Loss on asset impairment

 
(12,087
)
 

 

 
(18,428
)
Operating Income (Loss)
$
4,872

 
$
(5,340
)
 
$
10,178

 
$
12,596

 
$
5

(1
)
Cash Basis NOI from non-same properties for all periods presented includes the operations of properties disposed or classified as held for sale and land parcels.

















8

CALCULATION OF SAME PROPERTY NET OPERATING INCOME (NOI) AND SAME PROPERTY CASH BASIS NOI
(amounts in thousands)


 
For the Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Calculation of Same Property NOI and Same Property Cash Basis NOI:
 
 
 
Rental income
$
78,760

 
$
154,557

Tenant reimbursements and other income
28,464

 
36,593

Operating expenses
(44,120
)
 
(78,371
)
NOI
$
63,104

 
$
112,779

Straight line rent adjustments
(2,550
)
 
(8,930
)
Lease value amortization
80

 
1,091

Lease termination fees
(2,522
)
 
(2,525
)
Cash Basis NOI
$
58,112

 
$
102,415

Cash Basis NOI from non-same properties (1)
(8,226
)
 
(56,356
)
Same Property Cash Basis NOI
$
49,886

 
$
46,059

Non-cash rental income and lease termination fees from same properties
3,883

 
7,568

Same Property NOI
$
53,769

 
$
53,627

 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Same Property NOI to GAAP Operating Income:
 
 
 
Same Property NOI
$
53,769

 
$
53,627

Non-cash rental income and lease termination fees from same properties
(3,883
)
 
(7,568
)
Same Property Cash Basis NOI
$
49,886

 
$
46,059

Cash Basis NOI from non-same properties (1)
8,226

 
56,356

Cash Basis NOI
$
58,112

 
$
102,415

Straight line rent adjustments
2,550

 
8,930

Lease value amortization
(80
)
 
(1,091
)
Lease termination fees
2,522

 
2,525

NOI
$
63,104

 
$
112,779

Depreciation and amortization
(26,924
)
 
(50,837
)
General and administrative
(24,561
)
 
(24,038
)
Loss on asset impairment
(12,087
)
 
(19,714
)
Operating (Loss) Income
$
(468
)
 
$
18,190


(1
)
Cash Basis NOI from non-same properties for all periods presented includes the operations of properties disposed or classified as held for sale and land parcels.




NOI is income from our real estate operations including lease termination fees received from tenants less our property operating expenses. NOI excludes amortization of capitalized tenant improvement costs and leasing commissions and corporate level expenses. Cash Basis NOI is NOI excluding the effects of straight line rent adjustments, lease value amortization, and lease termination fees. The quarter-to-date same property versions of these measures include the results of properties continuously owned from April 1, 2017 through June 30, 2018. The year-to-date same property versions of these measures include the results of properties continuously owned from January 1, 2017 through June 30, 2018. Land parcels and properties classified as held for sale within our condensed consolidated balance sheets are excluded from the same property versions of these measures.
 
We consider these supplemental non-GAAP financial measures to be appropriate supplemental measures to net income (loss) because they help to understand the operations of our properties. We use these measures internally to evaluate property level performance, and we believe that they provide useful information to investors regarding our results of operations because they reflect only those income and expense items that are incurred at the property level and may facilitate comparisons of our operating performance between periods and with other REITs. Cash Basis NOI is among the factors considered with respect to acquisition, disposition and financing decisions. These measures do not represent cash generated by operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss), net income (loss) attributable to EQC common shareholders, operating income (loss) or cash flow from operating activities, determined in accordance with GAAP, or as indicators of our financial performance or liquidity, nor are these measures necessarily indicative of sufficient cash flow to fund all of our needs. These measures should be considered in conjunction with net income (loss), net income (loss) attributable to EQC common shareholders, operating income (loss) and cash flow from operating activities as presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Other REITs and real estate companies may calculate these measures differently than we do.

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