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EX-32 - CEO/CFO CERTIFICATION - IHS Markit Ltd.ex32q218.htm
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EX-31.1 - CEO CERTIFICATION - IHS Markit Ltd.ex311q218.htm

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 ___________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
  ___________________________________________________
(Mark One)
 
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended May 31, 2018

OR
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             
Commission file number 001-36495
 ___________________________________________________
IHS MARKIT LTD.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
 ___________________________________________________
Bermuda
001-36495
98-1166311
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
(Commission File Number)
(IRS Employer Identification Number)

4th Floor, Ropemaker Place
25 Ropemaker Street
London, England
EC2Y 9LY
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

+44 20 7260 2000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 ___________________________________________________ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    x  Yes    o  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    x  Yes    o  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer
 
x
Accelerated filer
 
o
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
 
o  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
 
o
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
 
o



If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    o  Yes    x  No
As of May 31, 2018, there were 392,016,480 Common Shares outstanding (excluding 25,219,470 outstanding common shares held by the Markit Group Holdings Limited Employee Benefit Trust).



TABLE OF CONTENTS
 

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). In this context, forward-looking statements often address expected future business and financial performance and financial condition, and often contain words such as “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “seek,” “aim,” “strive,” “believe,” “see,” “project,” “predict,” “estimate,” “expect,” “continue,” “strategy,” “future,” “likely,” “may,” “might,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “target,” similar expressions, and variations or negatives of these words and the use of future tense. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding: guidance and predictions relating to expected financial and operating results, such as revenue growth and earnings; strategic plans, actions, and objectives, including acquisitions and dispositions, anticipated benefits from strategic plans, actions, and objectives, including acquisitions and dispositions and the merger between IHS Inc. and Markit Ltd., and our success in integrating acquired businesses; anticipated levels of capital expenditures in future periods; our belief that we have sufficient liquidity to fund our ongoing business operations; expectations of the effect on our financial condition of claims, litigation, environmental costs, contingent liabilities and governmental and regulatory investigations and proceedings; and our strategy for customer retention, growth, product development, market position, financial results, and reserves. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based only on our current beliefs, expectations, estimates, and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy, and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks, and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: economic and financial conditions, including volatility in interest and exchange rates; our ability to develop new products and services; our ability to manage system failures or capacity constraints; our ability to successfully manage risks associated with changes in demand for our products and services; our ability to manage our relationships with third party service providers; legislative, regulatory and economic developments, including any new or proposed U.S. Treasury rule changes; the extent to which we are successful in gaining new long-term relationships with customers or retaining existing ones and the level of service failures that could lead customers to use competitors’ services; the anticipated tax treatment, unforeseen liabilities, future capital expenditures, revenues, expenses, earnings, synergies, economic performance, indebtedness, financial condition, losses, future prospects, business and management strategies for the management, expansion and growth of our operations; our ability to integrate the business successfully and to achieve anticipated synergies; our ability to retain and hire key personnel; our ability to complete proposed acquisitions and dispositions and complete the related integrations or separations of the businesses; our ability to satisfy our debt obligations and our other ongoing business obligations; and the occurrence of any catastrophic events, including acts of terrorism or outbreak of war or hostilities. These risks, as well as other risks, are more fully discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, along with our other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). While the list of factors presented here is considered representative, no such list should be

2


considered to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. Unlisted factors may present significant additional obstacles to the realization of forward-looking statements. Consequences of material differences in results as compared with those anticipated in the forward-looking statements could include, among other things, business disruption, operational problems, financial loss, legal liability to third parties and similar risks, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, credit rating or liquidity. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Any forward-looking statement made by us in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date of this report. We do not assume any obligation to publicly provide revisions or updates to any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, should circumstances change, except as otherwise required by securities and other applicable laws.

Website and Social Media Disclosure
 
We use our website (www.ihsmarkit.com) and corporate Twitter account (@IHSMarkit) as routine channels of distribution of company information, including news releases, analyst presentations, and supplemental financial information, as a means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Accordingly, investors should monitor our website and our corporate Twitter account in addition to following press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. Additionally, we provide notifications of news or announcements as part of our investor relations website. Investors and others can receive notifications of new information posted on our investor relations website in real time by signing up for email alerts.

None of the information provided on our website, in our press releases, public conference calls and webcasts, or through social media channels is incorporated into, or deemed to be a part of, this quarterly report on Form 10-Q or in any other report or document we file with the SEC, and any references to our website or our social media channels are intended to be inactive textual references only.

 


3


PART I.   FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
Financial Statements
IHS MARKIT LTD.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except par value)
 
As of
 
As of
 
May 31, 2018
 
November 30, 2017
 
(Unaudited)
 
(Audited)
Assets

 

Current assets:

 

Cash and cash equivalents
$
159.0

 
$
133.8

Accounts receivable, net
704.2

 
693.5

Income tax receivable
29.9

 
31.9

Deferred subscription costs
77.6

 
62.8

Assets held for sale
1,151.2

 

Other current assets
85.2

 
93.0

Total current assets
2,207.1

 
1,015.0

Non-current assets:

 

Property and equipment, net
508.9

 
531.3

Intangible assets, net
3,544.8

 
4,188.3

Goodwill
8,142.1

 
8,778.5

Deferred income taxes
11.1

 
7.1

Other
51.8

 
34.2

Total non-current assets
12,258.7

 
13,539.4

Total assets
$
14,465.8

 
$
14,554.4

Liabilities and equity


 


Current liabilities:

 

Short-term debt
$
105.8

 
$
576.0

Accounts payable
42.1

 
53.4

Accrued compensation
95.2

 
157.4

Other accrued expenses
347.1

 
323.0

Income tax payable
13.0

 
5.5

Deferred revenue
872.0

 
790.8

Liabilities held for sale
86.5

 

Total current liabilities
1,561.7

 
1,906.1

Long-term debt, net
4,353.7

 
3,617.3

Accrued pension and postretirement liability
30.9

 
31.8

Deferred income taxes
594.4

 
869.8

Other liabilities
148.5

 
105.9

Commitments and contingencies

 

Redeemable noncontrolling interests
7.9

 
19.1

Shareholders' equity:

 

Common shares, $0.01 par value, 3,000.0 authorized, 472.3 and 468.7 issued, and 392.0 and 399.2 outstanding at May 31, 2018 and November 30, 2017, respectively
4.7

 
4.7

Additional paid-in capital
7,617.3

 
7,612.1

Treasury shares, at cost: 80.3 and 69.5 at May 31, 2018 and November 30, 2017, respectively
(2,289.2
)
 
(1,745.0
)
Retained earnings
2,579.5

 
2,217.6

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(143.6
)
 
(85.0
)
Total shareholders' equity
7,768.7

 
8,004.4

Total liabilities and equity
$
14,465.8

 
$
14,554.4

See accompanying notes.

4


IHS MARKIT LTD.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(In millions, except for per-share amounts)
 
 
Three months ended May 31,
 
Six months ended May 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Revenue
$
1,008.3

 
$
906.1

 
$
1,940.4

 
$
1,750.3

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenue
368.4

 
337.7

 
711.3

 
664.7

Selling, general and administrative
299.2

 
274.2

 
589.5

 
542.2

Depreciation and amortization
131.0

 
122.8

 
261.6

 
243.6

Restructuring charges

 
(0.5
)
 

 
(0.7
)
Acquisition-related costs
25.8

 
30.4

 
52.8

 
62.0

Net periodic pension and postretirement expense
0.3

 
0.4

 
0.5

 
0.8

Other expense, net
3.0

 
4.3

 
4.4

 
5.2

Total operating expenses
827.7

 
769.3

 
1,620.1

 
1,517.8

Operating income
180.6

 
136.8

 
320.3

 
232.5

Interest income
0.9

 
0.6

 
1.6

 
1.1

Interest expense
(55.3
)
 
(37.7
)
 
(101.6
)
 
(69.5
)
Non-operating expense, net
(54.4
)
 
(37.1
)
 
(100.0
)
 
(68.4
)
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of equity method investee
126.2

 
99.7

 
220.3

 
164.1

Benefit (provision) for income taxes
(12.0
)
 
1.0

 
134.6

 
4.6

Equity in loss of equity method investee

 
(1.9
)
 

 
(3.9
)
Net income
114.2

 
98.8

 
354.9

 
164.8

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
0.5

 
0.5

 
1.1

 
0.5

Net income attributable to IHS Markit Ltd.
$
114.7

 
$
99.3

 
$
356.0

 
$
165.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per share attributable to IHS Markit Ltd.
$
0.29

 
$
0.25

 
$
0.90

 
$
0.41

Weighted average shares used in computing basic earnings per share
391.8

 
399.7

 
394.9

 
403.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per share attributable to IHS Markit Ltd.
$
0.28

 
$
0.24

 
$
0.87

 
$
0.39

Weighted average shares used in computing diluted earnings per share
403.6

 
415.6

 
407.9

 
418.9


See accompanying notes.


5




IHS MARKIT LTD.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
(In millions)

 
 
Three months ended May 31,
 
Six months ended May 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net income
 
$
114.2

 
$
98.8

 
$
354.9

 
$
164.8

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net hedging activities (1)
 
1.0

 
(1.6
)
 
5.8

 
1.4

Foreign currency translation adjustment
 
(114.9
)
 
152.5

 
(58.5
)
 
127.6

Total other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(113.9
)
 
150.9

 
(52.7
)
 
129.0

Comprehensive income
 
$
0.3

 
$
249.7

 
$
302.2

 
$
293.8

Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
0.5

 
0.5

 
1.1

 
0.5

Comprehensive income attributable to IHS Markit Ltd.
 
$
0.8

 
$
250.2

 
$
303.3

 
$
294.3

(1) Net of tax expense (benefit) of $0.2 million; $(0.4) million; $1.3 million; and $0.4 million for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.


See accompanying notes.

6



IHS MARKIT LTD.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(In millions)
 
 
Six months ended May 31,
 
2018
 
2017
Operating activities:

 

Net income
$
354.9

 
$
164.8

Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

Depreciation and amortization
261.6

 
243.6

Stock-based compensation expense
119.6

 
139.8

Net periodic pension and postretirement expense
0.5

 
0.8

Undistributed earnings of affiliates, net

 
0.6

Pension and postretirement contributions
(1.3
)
 
(1.3
)
Deferred income taxes
(184.2
)
 
(22.5
)
Change in assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable, net
(47.7
)
 
(10.4
)
Other current assets
(16.7
)
 
(41.4
)
Accounts payable
(10.5
)
 
(13.8
)
Accrued expenses
(38.8
)
 
(96.1
)
Income tax
18.1

 
(11.0
)
Deferred revenue
91.0

 
94.0

Other liabilities
39.1

 
4.2

Net cash provided by operating activities
585.6

 
451.3

Investing activities:

 

Capital expenditures on property and equipment
(114.7
)
 
(130.5
)
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired
(8.8
)
 

Change in other assets
(7.9
)
 
(0.3
)
Settlements of forward contracts
(2.0
)
 
9.0

Net cash used in investing activities
(133.4
)
 
(121.8
)
Financing activities:

 

Proceeds from borrowings
1,427.6

 
1,790.0

Repayment of borrowings
(1,159.9
)
 
(1,185.2
)
Payment of debt issuance costs
(14.6
)
 
(9.5
)
Payments for purchase of noncontrolling interests
(7.7
)
 

Proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options
111.9

 
187.5

Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation
(79.1
)
 
(70.3
)
Repurchases of common shares
(672.5
)
 
(1,005.7
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(394.3
)
 
(293.2
)
Foreign exchange impact on cash balance
(32.7
)
 
(12.7
)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
25.2

 
23.6

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period
133.8

 
138.9

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period
$
159.0

 
$
162.5


See accompanying notes.

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IHS MARKIT LTD.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(In millions)
 
 
Common Shares
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Total Shareholders’ Equity
 
 
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
 
Shares Outstanding
 
Amount
 
 
Treasury
Shares
 
Retained
Earnings
 
 
 
 
Balance at November 30, 2017 (Audited)
399.2

 
$
4.7

 
$
7,612.1

 
$
(1,745.0
)
 
$
2,217.6

 
$
(85.0
)
 
$
8,004.4

 
 
$
19.1

Repurchases of common shares
(14.2
)
 

 

 
(672.5
)
 

 

 
(672.5
)
 
 

Share-based award activity
2.1

 

 
(105.9
)
 
128.3

 

 

 
22.4

 
 

Option exercises
4.9

 

 
111.1

 

 

 

 
111.1

 
 

Net income (loss)

 

 

 

 
356.0

 

 
356.0

 
 
(1.1
)
Impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017

 

 

 

 
5.9

 
(5.9
)
 

 
 

Purchase of noncontrolling interests

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 
(10.1
)
Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 
(52.7
)
 
(52.7
)
 
 

Balance at May 31, 2018
392.0

 
$
4.7

 
$
7,617.3

 
$
(2,289.2
)
 
$
2,579.5

 
$
(143.6
)
 
$
7,768.7

 
 
$
7.9

See accompanying notes.


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IHS MARKIT LTD.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
 
1.
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of IHS Markit have been prepared on substantially the same basis as our annual consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2017. In our opinion, these condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented, and such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature.

Our business has seasonal aspects. Our first quarter generally has our lowest quarterly levels of revenue and profit. We also experience event-driven seasonality in our business; for instance, CERAWeek, an annual energy conference, is typically held in the second quarter of each year. Another example is the biennial release of the Boiler Pressure Vessel Code (“BPVC”) engineering standard, which generates revenue for us predominantly in the third quarter of every other year. The most recent BPVC release was in the third quarter of 2017.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, which establishes a comprehensive new revenue recognition model designed to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In March, April, and May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, and ASU 2016-12, respectively, which provide further revenue recognition guidance related to principal versus agent considerations, performance obligations and licensing, and narrow-scope improvements and practical expedients. All of these standards will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2019. We have determined that we will use the modified retrospective transition method upon adoption. We are currently in the contract review and assessment phase of our implementation planning, and are continuing to evaluate the impact of these new standards on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, which requires that lease assets and lease liabilities be recognized on the balance sheet, and that key information about leasing arrangements be disclosed. The ASU requires the use of a modified retrospective transition method. The standard will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2020, although early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, which clarifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The ASU should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The standard will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2019, although early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, which clarifies the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The standard will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal 2019. We do not expect that the adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, which removes Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The standard will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal 2021, although early adoption is permitted. We do not expect that the adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, which requires that the service cost component of pension expense be included in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by employees, with the other components of pension expense being classified outside of a subtotal of income from operations. The standard will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2019. We do not expect that the adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. The standard will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2019. We do not expect that the adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, which provides targeted improvements to the accounting for hedging activities to better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. The standard will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2020, although early adoption is permitted. We do not expect that the adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2017, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to provide guidance on the application of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed in reasonable detail to finalize the calculations for the income tax effects of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“the Act”). SAB 118 provides entities with a one-year measurement period from the December 22, 2017 enactment date to complete the accounting for the effects of the Act - see Note 8.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, which provides entities with the option to eliminate the stranded tax effects associated with the change in tax rates under the Act through a reclassification of the stranded tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to retained earnings. This ASU is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We have elected to early adopt this standard in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2018, which resulted in the reclassification of $5.9 million from AOCI to retained earnings.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, which simplifies the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions. The amendments specify that Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The standard will be effective for us in the first quarter of our fiscal year 2020, although early adoption is permitted (but no sooner than the adoption of Topic 606). We do not expect that the adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

2.
Business Combinations and Divestitures

In September 2017, we acquired automotiveMastermind Inc. (“aM”), a leading provider of predictive analytics and marketing automation software for the automotive industry. The purchase price consisted of cash consideration of approximately $432 million for 78 percent of aM, including $43 million of contingent consideration that was based on underlying business performance through January 2018. The contingent consideration liability is recorded within other current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet as of May 31, 2018, and November 30, 2017, and payment for the contingent consideration was made in June 2018. The acquisition of aM helps to fill out our existing automotive offerings by leveraging predictive analytics to improve the buyer experience in the new car dealer market. This acquisition is included in our Transportation segment.

In exchange for the remaining 22 percent of aM, we issued equity interests in aM’s immediate parent holding company to aM’s founders and certain employees. We will pay cash to acquire these interests over the next five years based on put/call provisions that tie the valuation to underlying adjusted EBITDA performance of aM. Since the purchase of the remaining 22 percent of the business requires continued service of the founders and employees, we are accounting for the arrangement as compensation expense that will be remeasured based on changes in the fair value of the equity interests; we have classified this expense as acquisition-related costs within the consolidated statements of operations and we have classified the associated accrued liability as other liabilities within the consolidated balance sheets. We have preliminarily estimated a range of $200 million to $225 million of compensation expense related to this transaction that will be recognized over a weighted-average recognition period of approximately 4 years.

In September 2017, we also acquired Macroeconomic Advisers, a small independent research firm that specializes in monitoring, analyzing and forecasting developments in the U.S. economy. The purchase price allocation for these acquisitions is preliminary and may change upon completion of the determination of fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation, net of acquired cash, for these two acquisitions (in millions):


10


 
Total
Assets:
 
Current assets
$
7.3

Property and equipment
1.1

Intangible assets
113.8

Goodwill
369.9

Other long-term assets
0.9

Total assets
493.0

Liabilities:
 
Current liabilities
4.6

Deferred revenue
1.4

Deferred taxes
42.9

Total liabilities
48.9

Purchase price
$
444.1


In April 2018, we acquired DeriveXperts, a provider of valuation services for OTC derivatives and other complex financial securities, for approximately $9 million. This acquisition complements and enhances our existing derivatives data and valuations products.

In May 2018, we announced our intent to acquire Ipreo, a leading financial services solutions and data provider, for approximately $1.855 billion, which transaction is expected to be completed in the second half of 2018, subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory filings and approvals.

In May 2018, we also announced that, following a detailed review of our Financial Services product offerings, we had initiated a process to sell MarkitSERV, our derivatives processing offering. We expect to complete the sale within one year. The following table provides the components of MarkitSERV assets and liabilities held for sale as of May 31, 2018 (in millions):
Current assets
$
44.9

Property and equipment
43.9

Intangible assets
450.2

Goodwill
612.2

Assets held for sale
$
1,151.2

Current liabilities
$
9.7

Deferred income taxes
76.8

Liabilities held for sale
$
86.5


3.
Intangible Assets

The following table presents details of our intangible assets, other than goodwill, as of May 31, 2018 and November 30, 2017 (in millions): 

11


 
As of May 31, 2018
 
As of November 30, 2017
 
Gross
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
 
Gross
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Information databases
$
749.1

 
$
(370.9
)
 
$
378.2

 
$
753.7

 
$
(340.2
)
 
$
413.5

Customer relationships
2,609.1

 
(393.3
)
 
2,215.8

 
2,957.8

 
(348.6
)
 
2,609.2

Developed technology
655.4

 
(80.3
)
 
575.1

 
827.6

 
(73.4
)
 
754.2

Developed computer software
85.4

 
(58.8
)
 
26.6

 
85.6

 
(54.3
)
 
31.3

Trademarks
481.3

 
(132.5
)
 
348.8

 
488.9

 
(111.4
)
 
377.5

Other
7.8

 
(7.5
)
 
0.3

 
8.3

 
(5.7
)
 
2.6

Total intangible assets
$
4,588.1

 
$
(1,043.3
)
 
$
3,544.8

 
$
5,121.9

 
$
(933.6
)
 
$
4,188.3


Intangible assets amortization expense was $88.6 million and $177.6 million for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018, respectively, compared to $83.7 million and $168.4 million for the three and six months ended May 31, 2017. The following table presents the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets held as of May 31, 2018 (in millions):
Year
 
Amount
Remainder of 2018
 
$
157.7

2019
 
$
293.7

2020
 
$
286.4

2021
 
$
281.0

2022
 
$
262.1

Thereafter
 
$
2,263.9

Goodwill, gross intangible assets, and net intangible assets were all subject to foreign currency translation effects. The change in net intangible assets from November 30, 2017 to May 31, 2018 was primarily due to current year amortization and the reclassification of MarkitSERV intangible assets to assets held for sale.


12


4.
Debt

The following table summarizes total indebtedness, including unamortized premiums, as of May 31, 2018 and November 30, 2017 (in millions):
 
 
May 31, 2018
 
November 30, 2017
2016 revolving facility
 
$
1,335.0

 
$
886.0

2016 term loan:
 
 
 
 
Tranche A-1
 
598.6

 
615.0

Tranche A-2
 
501.9

 
515.6

2017 term loan
 

 
500.0

5.00% senior notes due 2022
 
750.0

 
750.0

4.75% senior notes due 2025
 
814.8

 
815.8

4.00% senior notes due 2026
 
500.0

 

Institutional senior notes:
 
 
 
 
Series A
 

 
95.8

Series B
 

 
53.7

Debt issuance costs
 
(44.2
)
 
(42.8
)
Capital leases
 
3.4

 
4.2

Total debt
 
$
4,459.5

 
$
4,193.3

Current portion
 
(105.8
)
 
(576.0
)
Total long-term debt
 
$
4,353.7

 
$
3,617.3


2016 revolving facility. In July 2016, we entered into a $1.85 billion senior unsecured revolving credit agreement (“2016 revolving facility”). Borrowings under the 2016 revolving facility mature in July 2021. The interest rates for borrowings under the 2016 revolving facility are the applicable LIBOR plus a spread of 1.00 percent to 1.75 percent, depending upon our Leverage Ratio, which is defined as the ratio of Consolidated Funded Indebtedness to rolling four-quarter Consolidated Earnings Before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”), as such terms are defined in the revolving facility agreement. A commitment fee on any unused balance is payable periodically and ranges from 0.125 percent to 0.30 percent based upon our Leverage Ratio. We had approximately $1.6 million of outstanding letters of credit under the 2016 revolving facility as of May 31, 2018, which reduces the available borrowing under the facility by an equivalent amount.

2016 term loan. In July 2016, we entered into a $1.206 billion senior unsecured amortizing term loan agreement (“2016 term loan”). The 2016 term loan has a final maturity date of July 2021. The interest rates for borrowings under the 2016 term loan are the same as those under the 2016 revolving facility.

Subject to certain conditions, the 2016 revolving facility and the 2016 term loan may be expanded by up to an aggregate of $500 million in additional commitments or term loans. The 2016 revolving facility and the 2016 term loan have certain financial and other covenants, including a maximum Leverage Ratio and a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio, which is defined as the ratio of Consolidated EBITDA to Consolidated Interest Expense, as such terms are defined in the agreements.

2017 term loan. On January 26, 2017, we entered into a 364-day $500 million senior unsecured term loan (“2017 term loan”). The 2017 term loan was structured as a non-amortizing loan with repayment of principal due at maturity. The interest rates for borrowings under the 2017 term loan were the same as those under the 2016 revolving facility. The 2017 term loan had certain financial covenants that were the same as the 2016 revolving facility and the 2016 term loan, including a maximum Leverage Ratio and minimum Interest Coverage Ratio, as such terms were defined in the agreement. The 2017 term loan was repaid in January 2018 using borrowings from the 2016 revolving facility.

As of May 31, 2018, we had approximately $1.335 billion of outstanding borrowings under the 2016 revolving facility at a current annual interest rate of 3.43 percent and approximately $1.101 billion of outstanding borrowings under the 2016 term loans at a current weighted average annual interest rate of 3.80 percent, including the effect of the interest rate swaps described in Note 5.

5.00% senior notes due 2022 (“5% Notes”). In October 2014, IHS Inc. issued $750 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes due 2022 in an offering not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as

13


amended (the Securities Act). In August 2015, we completed a registered exchange offer for the 5% Notes. In July 2016, in connection with the merger between IHS and Markit, we completed an exchange offer for $742.8 million of the outstanding 5% Notes for an equal principal amount of new 5% senior unsecured notes issued by IHS Markit with the same maturity. Approximately $7.2 million of the 5% Notes did not participate in the exchange offer. The new 5% Notes are not, and will not be, registered under the Securities Act or the securities laws of any other jurisdiction. The new 5% Notes have been admitted for trading to the official list of the Channel Islands Securities Exchange Authority.

The 5% Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.00 percent and mature on November 1, 2022. Interest on the 5% Notes is due semiannually on May 1 and November 1 of each year, commencing May 1, 2015. We may redeem the 5% Notes in whole or in part at a redemption price equal to 100 percent of the principal amount of the notes plus the Applicable Premium, as defined in the indenture governing the 5% Notes. Additionally, at the option of the holders of the notes, we may be required to purchase all or a portion of the notes upon occurrence of a Change of Control Triggering Event as defined in the indenture, at a price equal to 101 percent of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of purchase. The indenture contains covenants that limit our ability to, among other things, incur or create liens and enter into sale and leaseback transactions. In addition, the indenture contains a covenant that limits our ability to consolidate or merge with another entity or to sell all or substantially all of our assets to another entity. The indenture contains customary default provisions. The fair value of the 5% Notes as of May 31, 2018 was approximately $768.0 million.

4.75% notes due 2025 (“4.75% Notes”). In February 2017, we issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes due 2025 in an offering not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act. In July 2017, we issued an additional $300 million aggregate principal amount of the 4.75% Notes at a $16.5 million premium, resulting in an effective interest rate of 3.88 percent. The 4.75% notes have been admitted for trading to the official list of the Channel Islands Securities Exchange Authority. The 4.75% Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.75 percent and mature on February 15, 2025. Interest on the 4.75% Notes is due semiannually on February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing August 15, 2017. We may redeem the 4.75% Notes in whole or in part at a redemption price equal to 100 percent of the principal amount of the notes plus the Applicable Premium, as defined in the indenture governing the 4.75% Notes. Additionally, at the option of the holders of the notes, we may be required to purchase all or a portion of the notes upon occurrence of a Change of Control Triggering Event as defined in the indenture, at a price equal to 101 percent of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of purchase. The indenture contains covenants that limit our ability to, among other things, incur or create liens and enter into sale and leaseback transactions. In addition, the indenture contains a covenant that limits our ability to consolidate or merge with another entity or to sell all or substantially all of our assets to another entity. The indenture contains customary default provisions. The fair value of the 4.75% Notes as of May 31, 2018 was approximately $795.0 million.

4.00% notes due 2026 (“4% Notes”). In December 2017, we issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes due 2026 in an offering not subject to the registration requirements of the Securities Act. The 4% Notes have been admitted for trading to the official list of the Channel Islands Securities Exchange Authority. The 4% Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.00 percent and mature on March 1, 2026. Interest on the 4% Notes is due semiannually on March 1 and September 1 of each year, commencing March 1, 2018. We may redeem the 4% Notes in whole or in part at a redemption price equal to 100 percent of the principal amount of the notes plus the applicable premium, as defined in the indenture governing the 4% Notes. Additionally, at the option of the holders of the notes, we may be required to purchase all or a portion of the notes upon occurrence of a change of control triggering event as defined in the indenture, at a price equal to 101 percent of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of purchase. The indenture contains covenants that limit our ability to, among other things, incur or create liens and enter into sale and leaseback transactions. In addition, the indenture contains a covenant that limits our ability to consolidate or merge with another entity or to sell all or substantially all of our assets to another entity. The indenture contains customary default provisions. The fair value of the 4% Notes as of May 31, 2018 was approximately $477.0 million.

Institutional senior notes. In November 2015, Markit issued two series of senior unsecured notes having an aggregate principal amount of $500 million to certain institutional investors. In November 2016, we completed an offer to repurchase approximately $350 million of these notes. In May 2018, we prepaid the remaining notes in full through a combination of cash on hand and drawings under the 2016 revolving facility and terminated the related Note Purchase and Guarantee Agreement. The Series A notes bore interest at a fixed rate of 3.73 percent and were set to mature on November 4, 2022. The Series B notes bore interest at a fixed rate of 4.05 percent and were set to mature on November 4, 2025. The institutional senior notes had certain financial and other covenants, including a maximum Consolidated Leverage Ratio and a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio, as such terms were defined in the Note Purchase and Guarantee Agreement.

As of May 31, 2018, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants. We have classified short-term debt based on scheduled term loan amortization payments and expected cash availability over the next 12 months.


14


The carrying value of our variable rate debt instruments approximate their fair value because of the variable interest rates associated with those instruments. The fair values of the 5% Notes, the 4.75% Notes, and the 4% Notes were measured using observable inputs in markets that are not active; consequently, we have classified those notes within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

On June 25, 2018, we terminated the 2016 revolving facility and entered into a new $2.0 billion senior unsecured revolving credit agreement (“2018 revolving facility”). Borrowings under the 2018 revolving facility mature in June 2023. The interest rates for borrowings under the 2018 revolving facility are the applicable LIBOR plus a spread of 1.00 percent to 1.75 percent, depending upon our credit rating. A commitment fee on any unused balance is payable periodically and ranges from 0.125 percent to 0.30 percent based upon our credit rating. As a result of the termination of the 2016 revolving facility, the outstanding letters of credit under that facility were transferred to the 2018 revolving facility.

Coincident with the termination of the 2016 revolving facility, we terminated the 2016 term loan and entered into a new senior unsecured amortizing term loan agreement (“2018 term loan”). The 2018 term loan has a final maturity date of July 2021. The interest rates for borrowings under the 2018 term loan are the same as those under the 2018 revolving facility.

Subject to certain conditions, the 2018 revolving facility may be expanded by up to an aggregate of $1.0 billion in additional commitments. The 2018 revolving facility and the 2018 term loan have certain financial and other covenants, including a maximum Leverage Ratio and a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio, which is defined as the ratio of Consolidated EBITDA to Consolidated Interest Expense, as such terms are defined in the agreements.

On June 25, 2018, we also entered into a new 364-day Credit Agreement (the “364-Day Credit Agreement”) for a term loan credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $1.855 billion, which will be available to be borrowed on the closing date of the 364-Day Credit Agreement, which will occur substantially concurrently with the consummation of our previously announced acquisition of Ipreo. The proceeds of this term loan will be used to finance the acquisition of Ipreo, repay amounts outstanding under Ipreo’s existing credit agreement and senior notes indenture, and pay related fees and expenses. The commitments in respect of the 364-Day Credit Agreement and the extension of credit thereunder are conditioned upon satisfaction (or waiver) of certain conditions precedent, including, among other things, the substantially concurrent consummation of the acquisition of Ipreo in accordance with the terms of the acquisition agreement.

The interest rate for borrowings under the 364-day Credit Agreement is based on an alternate base rate (equal to the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (b) HSBC Bank USA, National Association’s “prime rate,” and (c) LIBOR plus 1.00%, plus spread ranging from 0.00% to 0.75% for alternate base rate loans and ranging from 1.00% to 1.75% for LIBOR loans, with such applicable spread dependent upon our credit rating, and each such applicable spread being subject to a 0.25% step-up on the 180th day following the closing date of the agreement and a 0.50% step-up on the 270th day following the closing date. The 364-Day Credit Agreement also contains a fee in respect of the average daily unused commitments payable from August 3, 2018 until the date on which all commitments are terminated (including by way of funding the term loan on the closing date of the agreement), based on a commitment fee rate ranging from 0.125% to 0.30%, dependent upon our credit rating.

The 364-Day Credit Agreement has certain financial and other covenants that are consistent with the covenants contained in the 2018 revolving facility and the 2018 term loan, including a maximum Leverage Ratio and a minimum Interest Coverage Ratio, which is defined as the ratio of Consolidated EBITDA to Consolidated Interest Expense, as such terms are defined in the 364-Day Credit Agreement.

5.
Derivatives

Our business is exposed to various market risks, including interest rate and foreign currency risks. We utilize derivative instruments to help us manage these risks. We do not hold or issue derivatives for speculative purposes.

Interest Rate Swaps

To mitigate interest rate exposure on our outstanding revolving facility debt, we utilize interest rate derivative contracts that effectively swap $400 million of floating rate debt at a 2.86 percent weighted-average fixed interest rate, plus the applicable spread on our floating rate debt. We entered into these swap contracts in November 2013 and January 2014, and the contracts expire between May and November 2020.


15


Because the terms of these swaps and the variable rate debt (as amended or extended over time) coincide, we do not expect any ineffectiveness. We have designated and accounted for these instruments as cash flow hedges, with changes in fair value being deferred in AOCI in our consolidated balance sheets.

Foreign Currency Forwards

To mitigate foreign currency exposure, we utilize short-term foreign currency forward contracts that manage market risks associated with fluctuations in balances that are denominated in currencies other than the local functional currency. We account for these forward contracts at fair value and recognize the associated realized and unrealized gains and losses in other expense, net, since we have not designated these contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. The notional amount of these outstanding foreign currency forward contracts was $294.1 million and $261.3 million as of May 31, 2018 and November 30, 2017, respectively.

Fair Value of Derivatives

Since our derivative instruments are not listed on an exchange, we have evaluated fair value by reference to similar transactions in active markets; consequently, we have classified all of our derivative instruments within Level 2 of the fair value measurement hierarchy. The following table shows the classification, location, and fair value of our derivative instruments as of May 31, 2018 and November 30, 2017 (in millions):

 
 
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
 
Location on consolidated balance sheets
 
 
May 31, 2018
 
November 30, 2017
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency forwards
 
$
1.0

 
$
2.8

 
Other current assets
Total
 
$
1.0

 
$
2.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
 
$
1.8

 
$
8.9

 
Other liabilities
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency forwards
 
1.8

 
1.7

 
Other accrued expenses
Total
 
$
3.6

 
$
10.6

 
 

The net loss (gain) on foreign currency forwards that are not designated as hedging instruments for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018 and the three and six months ended May 31, 2017, respectively, was as follows (in millions):

 
 
Amount of loss (gain) recognized in the consolidated statements of operations
 
 
 
 
Three months ended May 31,
 
Six months ended May 31,
 
Location on consolidated statements of operations
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
Foreign currency forwards
 
$
5.7

 
$
(9.7
)
 
$
3.8

 
$
(6.1
)
 
Other expense, net


16


The following table provides information about the cumulative amount of unrecognized hedge losses recorded in AOCI, net of tax, as of May 31, 2018 and May 31, 2017, respectively, as well as the activity on our cash flow hedging instruments for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018 and the three and six months ended May 31, 2017, respectively (in millions):
 
 
Three months ended May 31,
 
Six months ended May 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Beginning balance
 
$
(3.3
)
 
$
(7.5
)
 
$
(3.9
)
 
$
(10.5
)
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in AOCI:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
 
0.2

 
(2.3
)
 
3.8

 
(1.1
)
Foreign currency forwards
 

 
(0.6
)
 

 
(0.2
)
Amount of loss (gain) reclassified from AOCI to income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps (1)
 
0.8

 
1.5

 
2.0

 
3.2

Foreign currency forwards (1)
 

 
(0.2
)
 

 
(0.5
)
Amount of loss reclassified from AOCI to retained earnings
 

 

 
(4.2
)
 

Ending balance
 
$
(2.3
)
 
$
(9.1
)
 
$
(2.3
)
 
$
(9.1
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Pre-tax amounts reclassified from AOCI related to interest rate swaps are recorded in interest expense, and pre-tax amounts reclassified from AOCI into income related to foreign currency forwards are recorded in revenue.

Approximately $1.1 million of the $1.8 million unrecognized pre-tax losses relating to the interest rate swaps are expected to be reclassified into interest expense within the next 12 months.
 
6.
Acquisition-related Costs

During the six months ended May 31, 2018, we incurred approximately $52.8 million in costs associated with acquisitions, including employee severance charges and retention costs, contract termination costs for facility consolidations, legal and professional fees, and the performance compensation expense related to the aM acquisition described in Note 2. Approximately $11.5 million of the total charge was allocated to shared services, with $27.4 million of the charge recorded in the Transportation segment, $8.8 million in the Financial Services segment, $2.6 million in the CMS segment, and the remainder in the Resources segment.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the acquisition-related costs accrued liability, recorded in other accrued expenses and other liabilities, as of May 31, 2018 (in millions):
 
Employee
Severance and
Other
Termination
Benefits
 
Contract
Termination
Costs
 
Other
 
Total
Balance at November 30, 2017
$
13.9

 
$
17.6

 
$
23.7

 
$
55.2

Add: Costs incurred
16.1

 
2.9

 
32.7

 
51.7

Revision to prior estimates
0.8

 
0.5

 
(0.2
)
 
1.1

Less: Amount paid
(21.9
)
 
(8.4
)
 
(10.6
)
 
(40.9
)
Balance at May 31, 2018
$
8.9

 
$
12.6

 
$
45.6

 
$
67.1


As of May 31, 2018, the $67.1 million remaining liability was primarily in the Transportation segment and in shared services. We expect that the significant majority of the remaining liability will be paid within the next 12 months except for the aM acquisition-related performance compensation liability, which was approximately $35.5 million as of May 31, 2018.

7.
Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018 and May 31, 2017 was as follows (in millions):

17


 
Three months ended May 31,
 
Six months ended May 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Cost of revenue
$
16.7

 
$
21.8

 
$
34.7

 
$
37.7

Selling, general and administrative
41.0

 
42.8

 
84.9

 
102.1

Total stock-based compensation expense
$
57.7

 
$
64.6

 
$
119.6

 
$
139.8

No stock-based compensation cost was capitalized during the three and six months ended May 31, 2018 and May 31, 2017.
As of May 31, 2018, there was $270.9 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, related to unvested stock-based awards that will be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.8 years. Total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost will be adjusted for future changes in estimated forfeitures and expected performance achievement.
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) and Restricted Stock Awards (RSAs). The following table summarizes RSU/RSA activity, including awards with performance and market conditions, during the six months ended May 31, 2018:
 
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
 
(in millions)
 
 
Balance at November 30, 2017
10.7

 
$
35.64

Granted
3.1

 
$
47.59

Vested
(4.6
)
 
$
33.90

Forfeited
(0.4
)
 
$
41.03

Balance at May 31, 2018
8.8

 
$
40.55

The total fair value of RSUs and RSAs that vested during the six months ended May 31, 2018 was $218.2 million.
Stock Options. The following table summarizes stock option award activity during the six months ended May 31, 2018, as well as stock options that are vested and expected to vest and stock options exercisable as of May 31, 2018:
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
 
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
 
(in millions)
 
 
 
(in years)
 
(in millions)
Balance at November 30, 2017
25.3

 
$
25.69

 
 
 
 
Exercised
(4.9
)
 
$
22.76

 
 
 
 
Forfeited

 
$

 
 
 
 
Balance at May 31, 2018
20.4

 
$
26.39

 
2.1
 
465.9

Vested and expected to vest at May 31, 2018
20.2

 
$
26.39

 
2.1
 
461.3

Exercisable at May 31, 2018
8.9

 
$
25.79

 
1.7
 
208.2

 
The aggregate intrinsic value amounts in the table above represent the difference between the closing price of our common shares on May 31, 2018 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money stock options as of that date. This represents the value that would have been received by stock option holders if they had all exercised their stock options on May 31, 2018. In future periods, this amount will change depending on fluctuations in our share price. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the six months ended May 31, 2018 was approximately $124.7 million.

8.
Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate is estimated based upon the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year.
Our effective tax rate for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018 was 10 percent and negative 61 percent, respectively, compared to negative 1 percent and negative 3 percent for the three and six months ended May 31, 2017. The low or negative 2018 tax rates are primarily due to tax benefits associated with US tax reform of approximately $136 million in the first quarter of 2018, and excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation of approximately $7 million and $31 million for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018, respectively. The negative 2017 tax rates are primarily due to tax benefits associated

18


with excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation of approximately $9 million and $23 million for the three and six months ended May 31, 2017, respectively.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted on December 22, 2017, which significantly revises U.S. corporate tax law. Among other things, the Act reduces the U.S. federal corporation tax rate to 21 percent and implements a new system of taxation for non-U.S. earnings, including by imposing a one-time transition tax on the deemed repatriation of undistributed earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries. Other significant changes include U.S. taxes on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) attributable to foreign subsidiaries and base erosion anti-abuse transactions, limitations on the deductibility of interest expense and executive compensation, and repeal of the deduction for domestic production activities. As a result of our current interpretation and estimated impact of the Act, we recorded adjustments totaling a net tax benefit of $136 million in the first quarter of 2018 to provisionally account for the estimated impact. This amount included a provisional estimate for the transition tax of $38 million, which will be payable over eight years, starting in 2019, and a provisional estimate decreasing net deferred tax liabilities by $174 million, resulting from the future reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate.

As of May 31, 2018, we have not completed our accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the Act because all of the necessary information is not currently available, prepared, or analyzed. As such, the amounts we have recorded are provisional estimates and as permitted by SAB 118, we will continue to assess the impacts of the Act and may record additional provisional amounts or adjustments to provisional estimates during fiscal year 2018. We expect to complete the accounting for these impacts of tax reform within the measurement period in accordance with SAB 118 as we complete our analysis and receive additional guidance from the Internal Revenue Service pertaining to the Act.

As a result of the Act, all previously undistributed foreign earnings have now been subjected to U.S. tax; however, we currently intend to continue to indefinitely reinvest these earnings outside the U.S. and accordingly, we have not provided non-U.S. deferred income taxes on these indefinitely reinvested earnings. It is not practicable to determine the amount of non-U.S. deferred taxes that might be required to be provided if such earnings were distributed in the future, due to complexities in the tax laws and in the hypothetical calculations that would have to be made.

We have not yet made a policy election with respect to our treatment of GILTI. We can either account for taxes on GILTI as incurred or recognize deferred taxes when basis differences exist that are expected to affect the amount of GILTI inclusion upon reversal. We are still in the process of analyzing the provisions of the Act associated with GILTI and the expected impact of GILTI on our consolidated financial statements.

9.
Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, in the ordinary course of our business, we are involved in various legal, regulatory or administrative proceedings, lawsuits, government investigations, and other claims, including employment, commercial, intellectual property, and environmental, safety, and health matters. In addition, we may receive routine requests for information from governmental agencies in connection with their regulatory or investigatory authority. We review such proceedings, lawsuits, investigations, claims, and requests for information and take appropriate action as necessary. At the present time, we can give no assurance as to the outcome of any such pending proceedings, lawsuits, investigations, claims, or requests for information and we are unable to determine the ultimate resolution of or provide a reasonable estimate of the range of possible loss attributable to these matters or the effect they may have on us. However, we do not expect the outcome of such proceedings, lawsuits, claims, or requests for information to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. We have and will continue to vigorously defend ourselves in all matters.

On April 23, 2013 (prior to our acquisition of R.L. Polk & Co.), our CARFAX subsidiary (“CARFAX”) was served with a complaint filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, purportedly on behalf of certain auto and light truck dealers. The complaint alleged, among other things, that, in violation of antitrust laws, CARFAX entered into exclusive arrangements regarding the sale of CARFAX vehicle history reports with certain auto manufacturers and owners of two websites providing classified listings of used autos and light trucks. The complaint sought three times the actual damages that a jury would have found the plaintiffs to have sustained, injunctive relief, costs and attorneys’ fees. On October 25, 2013, the plaintiffs served a second amended complaint with similar allegations purporting to name approximately 469 auto dealers as plaintiffs, and counsel for plaintiffs indicated that there could have been additional claimants. On September 30, 2016, the District Court granted CARFAX’s motion for summary judgment, dismissing all claims in the complaint, and on June 1, 2018, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the District Court’s decision dismissing all claims in the complaint. On January 13, 2017, another group of auto and light truck dealers filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York on substantially the same claims as described above. The complaint seeks three times the actual damages that a jury finds the plaintiffs have sustained, injunctive relief, costs, and attorneys’ fees. The court stayed the second case pending the

19


outcome of the appeal of the first case described above. Given the favorable decision to CARFAX of the appeal of the first case, CARFAX believes it will reach a similar favorable result in the second case.

In October 2015, the Division of Enforcement of the SEC opened a non-public civil investigation related to certain of our current and former securitized product indices, and requested that we provide certain documents and information. We responded to these inquiries in late 2015 and early 2016, and, to the extent the SEC has further inquiries, will continue to cooperate in this matter.

10.
Common Shares and Earnings per Share
Weighted-average shares outstanding for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018 and May 31, 2017 were calculated as follows (in millions):
 
Three months ended May 31,
 
Six months ended May 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares used in basic EPS calculation
391.8

 
399.7

 
394.9

 
403.0

Effect of dilutive securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RSUs/RSAs
2.4

 
4.1

 
3.5

 
4.9

Stock options
9.4

 
11.8

 
9.5

 
11.0

Shares used in diluted EPS calculation
403.6

 
415.6

 
407.9

 
418.9


Share Repurchase Programs

Our Board of Directors has authorized a share repurchase program of up to $3.25 billion of IHS Markit common shares through November 30, 2019, to be funded using our existing cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and future cash flows, or through the incurrence of short- or long-term indebtedness, at management’s discretion. This repurchase program does not obligate us to repurchase any set dollar amount or number of shares and may be modified, suspended, or terminated at any time without prior notice. Under this program, we are authorized to repurchase our common shares on the open market from time to time, in privately negotiated transactions, or through accelerated share repurchase (ASR) agreements, subject to availability of common shares, price, market conditions, alternative uses of capital, and applicable regulatory requirements, at management’s discretion. As of May 31, 2018, we had $1.007 billion remaining available to repurchase under the program.

In August 2016, our Board of Directors separately and additionally authorized, subject to applicable regulatory requirements, the repurchase of our common shares surrendered by employees in an amount equal to the exercise price, if applicable, and statutory tax liability associated with the vesting of their equity awards, for which we pay the statutory tax on behalf of the employee and forgo receipt of the exercise price of the award from the employee, if applicable.

In March 2018, we funded a $500 million ASR agreement with a scheduled termination date in the second quarter of 2018. Upon funding of the ASR, we received an initial delivery of 8.502 million shares. At the completion of the ASR in May 2018, we received an additional 1.817 million shares.

During the six months ended May 31, 2018, including the ASR described above, we repurchased approximately $752 million, or 15.890 million shares, under our share repurchase programs, representing an average share price of $47.30.

Employee Benefit Trust (EBT) Shares

We have approximately 25.2 million outstanding common shares that are held by the Markit Group Holdings Limited Employee Benefit Trust. The trust is under our control using the variable interest entity model criteria; consequently, we have consolidated and classified the trust shares as treasury shares within our consolidated balance sheets.


20


11.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the changes in AOCI by component (net of tax) for the six months ended May 31, 2018 (in millions):
 
 
Foreign currency translation
 
Net pension and OPEB liability
 
Unrealized losses on hedging activities
 
Total
Balance at November 30, 2017
 
$
(68.1
)
 
$
(13.0
)
 
$
(3.9
)
 
$
(85.0
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
(58.5
)
 

 
3.8

 
(54.7
)
Reclassifications from AOCI to income
 

 

 
2.0

 
2.0

Reclassifications from AOCI to retained earnings
 

 
(1.7
)
 
(4.2
)
 
(5.9
)
Balance at May 31, 2018
 
$
(126.6
)
 
$
(14.7
)
 
$
(2.3
)
 
$
(143.6
)

12.
Segment Information

We prepare our financial reports and analyze our business results within our four operating segments: Resources, Transportation, CMS, and Financial Services. We evaluate revenue performance at the segment level and also by transaction type. No single customer accounted for 10 percent or more of our total revenue for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018 and May 31, 2017. There are no material inter-segment revenues for any period presented. Our shared services function includes corporate transactions that are not allocated to the reportable segments, including net periodic pension and postretirement expense, as well as certain corporate functions such as investor relations, procurement, corporate development, and portions of finance, legal, and marketing.

We evaluate segment operating performance at the Adjusted EBITDA level for each of our four segments. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income before net interest, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation cost, restructuring charges, acquisition-related costs, exceptional litigation, net other gains and losses, pension mark-to-market and settlement expense, the impact of joint ventures and noncontrolling interests, and discontinued operations. Information about the operations of our four segments is set forth below (in millions).

21



 
Three months ended May 31,
 
Six months ended May 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Resources
$
237.0

 
$
223.8

 
$
442.3

 
$
420.7

Transportation
296.3

 
242.3

 
565.9

 
467.2

CMS
138.9

 
130.6

 
276.5

 
257.1

Financial Services
336.1

 
309.4

 
655.7

 
605.3

Total revenue
$
1,008.3

 
$
906.1

 
$
1,940.4

 
$
1,750.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted EBITDA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Resources
$
100.5

 
$
99.7

 
$
185.4

 
$
179.7

Transportation
124.7

 
98.2

 
234.4

 
188.0

CMS
29.9

 
31.7

 
61.7

 
60.3

Financial Services
155.8

 
138.8

 
301.2

 
268.0

Shared services
(12.8
)
 
(15.5
)
 
(25.3
)
 
(22.9
)
Total Adjusted EBITDA
$
398.1

 
$
352.9

 
$
757.4

 
$
673.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation to the consolidated statements of operations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
0.9

 
0.6

 
1.6

 
1.1

Interest expense
(55.3
)
 
(37.7
)
 
(101.6
)
 
(69.5
)
Benefit (provision) for income taxes
(12.0
)
 
1.0

 
134.6

 
4.6

Depreciation
(42.4
)
 
(39.1
)
 
(84.0
)
 
(75.2
)
Amortization related to acquired intangible assets
(88.6
)
 
(83.7
)
 
(177.6
)
 
(168.4
)
Stock-based compensation expense
(57.7
)
 
(64.6
)
 
(119.6
)
 
(139.8
)
Restructuring charges

 
0.5

 

 
0.7

Acquisition-related costs
(15.1
)
 
(30.4
)
 
(27.2
)
 
(62.0
)
Acquisition-related performance compensation
(10.7
)
 

 
(25.6
)
 

Loss on debt extinguishment
(3.0
)
 

 
(3.0
)
 

Share of joint venture results not attributable to Adjusted EBITDA

 
0.4

 

 
0.8

Adjusted EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interest
0.5

 
(0.6
)
 
1.0

 
(0.1
)
Net income attributable to IHS Markit Ltd.
$
114.7

 
$
99.3

 
$
356.0

 
$
165.3

Revenue by transaction type was as follows (in millions):
 
Three months ended May 31,
 
Six months ended May 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Recurring fixed revenue
$
698.1

 
$
630.6

 
$
1,381.4

 
$
1,247.7

Recurring variable revenue
125.9

 
116.0

 
243.0

 
222.4

Non-recurring revenue
184.3

 
159.5

 
316.0

 
280.2

Total revenue
$
1,008.3

 
$
906.1

 
$
1,940.4

 
$
1,750.3



22



Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the financial condition and results of operations of IHS Markit Ltd. (“IHS Markit,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) as of and for the periods presented. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K and the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. References to 2018 are to our fiscal year 2018, which began on December 1, 2017 and ends on November 30, 2018.

Executive Summary

Business Overview

We are a world leader in critical information, analytics, and solutions for the major industries and markets that drive economies worldwide. We deliver next-generation information, analytics, and solutions to customers in business, finance, and government, improving their operational efficiency and providing deep insights that lead to well-informed, confident decisions. We have more than 50,000 business and government customers, including 80 percent of the Fortune Global 500 and the world’s leading financial institutions. Headquartered in London, we are committed to sustainable, profitable growth.

To best serve our customers, we are organized into the following four industry-focused segments:

Resources, which includes our Energy and Chemicals product offerings;
Transportation, which includes our Automotive; Maritime & Trade; and Aerospace, Defense & Security product offerings;
Consolidated Markets & Solutions, which includes our Product Design; Technology, Media & Telecom; and Economics & Country Risk product offerings; and
Financial Services, which includes our financial Information, Processing, and Solutions product offerings.

We believe that this organization helps our customers do business with us by providing a cohesive, consistent, and effective product, sales, and marketing approach by segment.

Our recurring fixed revenue and recurring variable revenue represented approximately 84 percent of our total revenue for the six months ended May 31, 2018 and May 31, 2017. Our recurring revenue is generally stable and predictable, and we have long-term relationships with many of our customers.

For 2018, we continue to focus our efforts on the following actions:

Integrate organizational structure. We have completed a significant portion of our key merger integration activities, primarily related to our shared services and corporate organization. We intend to continue to integrate our people, platforms, processes, and products in a manner that allows us to take advantage of revenue and cost synergies that will strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of our business operations.

Innovate and develop new product offerings. We expect to continue to create new commercial offerings from our existing data sets, converting core information to higher value analytics. Our investment priorities for new product offerings are primarily in energy, automotive, financial services, and product design, and we intend to continue to invest across the business to increase our customer value proposition.

Manage capital allocation. With the recent announcements of our intent to acquire Ipreo and the initiation of a process to sell MarkitSERV, our capital allocation focus over the next 12 months will be to de-lever to our capital policy target leverage ratio of 2.0-3.0x. We have suspended our share repurchase program until we return to this target leverage ratio.

Key Performance Indicators

We believe that revenue growth, Adjusted EBITDA (both in dollars and margin), and free cash flow are key financial measures of our success. Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow are financial measures that are not prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“non-GAAP”).


23


Revenue growth. We review year-over-year revenue growth in our segments as a key measure of our success in addressing customer needs. We measure revenue growth in terms of organic, acquisitive, and foreign currency impacts. We define these components as follows:

Organic – We define organic revenue growth as total revenue growth from continuing operations for all factors other than acquisitions and foreign currency movements. We drive this type of revenue growth through value realization (pricing), expanding wallet share of existing customers through up-selling and cross-selling efforts, securing new customer business, and through the sale of new or enhanced product offerings.

Acquisitive – We define acquisitive revenue as the revenue generated from acquired products and services from the date of acquisition to the first anniversary date of that acquisition. This type of growth comes as a result of our strategy to purchase, integrate, and leverage the value of assets we acquire. We also include the impact of divestitures in this growth metric.

Foreign currency – We define the foreign currency impact on revenue as the difference between current revenue at current exchange rates and current revenue at the corresponding prior period exchange rates. Due to the significance of revenue transacted in foreign currencies, we believe it is important to measure the impact of foreign currency movements on revenue.

In addition to measuring and reporting revenue by segment, we also measure and report revenue by transaction type. Understanding revenue by transaction type helps us identify and address broad changes in product mix. We summarize our transaction type revenue into the following three categories:

Recurring fixed revenue represents revenue generated from contracts specifying a relatively fixed fee for services delivered over the life of the contract. The fixed fee is typically paid annually or more periodically in advance. These contracts typically consist of subscriptions to our various information offerings and software maintenance, and the revenue is usually recognized over the life of the contract. The initial term of these contracts is typically annual and non-cancellable for the term of the subscription and may contain provisions for minimum monthly payments.

Recurring variable revenue represents revenue from contracts that specify a fee for services which is typically not fixed. The variable fee is usually paid monthly in arrears. Recurring variable revenue is based on, among other factors, the number of trades processed, assets under management, or the number of positions we value. Many of these contracts do not have a maturity date, while the remainder have an initial term ranging from one to five years. Recurring variable revenue was derived entirely from the Financial Services segment for all periods presented.

Non-recurring revenue represents consulting (e.g., research and analysis, modeling, and forecasting), services, single-document product sales, software license sales and associated services, conferences and events, and advertising. Our non-recurring products and services are an important part of our business because they complement our recurring business in creating strong and comprehensive customer relationships.

Non-GAAP measures. We use non-GAAP financial measures such as EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and free cash flow in our operational and financial decision-making. We believe that such measures allow us to focus on what we deem to be more reliable indicators of ongoing operating performance (Adjusted EBITDA) and our ability to generate cash flow from operations (free cash flow). We also believe that investors may find these non-GAAP financial measures useful for the same reasons, although we caution readers that non-GAAP financial measures are not a substitute for U.S. GAAP financial measures or disclosures. None of these non-GAAP financial measures are recognized terms under U.S. GAAP and do not purport to be an alternative to net income or operating cash flow as an indicator of operating performance or any other U.S. GAAP measure. Throughout this MD&A, we provide reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are used by many of our investors, research analysts, investment bankers, and lenders to assess our operating performance. For example, a measure similar to Adjusted EBITDA is required by the lenders under our term loan and revolving credit agreements. We define EBITDA as net income plus or minus net interest, plus provision for income taxes, depreciation, and amortization. Our definition of Adjusted EBITDA further excludes primarily non-cash items and other items that we do not consider to be useful in assessing our operating performance (e.g., stock-based compensation expense, restructuring charges, acquisition-related costs and performance compensation, exceptional litigation, net other

24


gains and losses, pension mark-to-market and settlement expense, the impact of joint ventures and noncontrolling interests, and discontinued operations).

Free Cash Flow. We define free cash flow as net cash provided by operating activities less capital expenditures.

Non-GAAP measures are frequently used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties in their evaluation of companies comparable to us, many of which present non-GAAP measures when reporting their results. These measures can be useful in evaluating our performance against our peer companies because we believe the measures provide users with valuable insight into key components of U.S. GAAP financial disclosures. For example, a company with higher U.S. GAAP net income may not be as appealing to investors if its net income is more heavily comprised of gains on asset sales. Likewise, excluding the effects of interest income and expense moderates the impact of a company’s capital structure on its performance. However, non-GAAP measures have limitations as an analytical tool. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. They are not presentations made in accordance with U.S. GAAP, are not measures of financial condition or liquidity, and should not be considered as an alternative to profit or loss for the period determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP or operating cash flows determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As a result, these performance measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute analysis for, results of operations as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Global Operations

Approximately 40 percent of our revenue is transacted outside of the United States; however, only about 20 percent of our revenue is transacted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. As a result, a strengthening U.S. dollar relative to certain currencies has historically resulted in a negative impact on our revenue; conversely, a weakening U.S. dollar has historically resulted in a positive impact on our revenue. However, the impact on operating income is diminished due to certain operating expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Our largest foreign currency exposures are the British Pound, Euro, Canadian Dollar, Singapore Dollar, and Indian Rupee.

Results of Operations

Total Revenue

Revenue for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018, increased 11 percent compared to the same respective periods of 2017. The table below displays the percentage change in revenue due to organic, acquisitive, and foreign currency factors when comparing the three and six months ended May 31, 2018 to the three and six months ended May 31, 2017.
 
Change in Total Revenue
 
Organic
 
Acquisitive
 
Foreign
Currency
Second quarter 2018 vs. second quarter 2017
8
%
 
2
%
 
2
%
Year-to-date 2018 vs. year-to-date 2017
7
%
 
2
%
 
2
%

We saw broad-based organic revenue growth across all four of our segments for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018, compared to the three and six months ended May 31, 2017, with particular strength in Transportation and Financial Services and improved performance in Resources and CMS.

Acquisitive revenue growth for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018, compared to the three and six months ended May 31, 2017, was primarily due to the aM acquisition in the fourth quarter of 2017.

Foreign currency effects had a 2 percent impact on revenue growth for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018, compared to the same respective periods in 2017. Due to the extent of our global operations, foreign currency movements could continue to positively or negatively affect our results in the future.


25


Revenue by Segment
 
Three months ended May 31,
 
Percentage
Change
 
Six months ended May 31,
 
Percentage
Change
(In millions, except percentages)
2018
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Resources
$
237.0

 
$
223.8

 
6
%
 
$
442.3

 
$
420.7

 
5
%
Transportation
296.3

 
242.3

 
22
%
 
565.9

 
467.2

 
21
%
CMS
138.9

 
130.6

 
6
%
 
276.5

 
257.1

 
8
%
Financial Services
336.1

 
309.4

 
9
%
 
655.7

 
605.3

 
8
%
Total revenue
$
1,008.3

 
$
906.1

 
11
%
 
$
1,940.4

 
$
1,750.3

 
11
%

The percentage change in revenue for each segment was due to the factors described in the following table.
 
Increase in revenue
 
Second quarter 2018 vs. second quarter 2017
 
Year-to-date 2018 vs. year-to-date 2017
 
Organic
 
Acquisitive
 
Foreign
Currency
 
Organic
 
Acquisitive
 
Foreign
Currency
Resources
5
%
 
%
 
1
%
 
4
%
 
%
 
1
%
Transportation
14
%
 
7
%
 
2
%
 
12
%
 
6
%
 
2
%
CMS
4
%
 
1
%
 
2
%
 
5
%
 
1
%
 
2
%
Financial Services
7
%
 
%
 
2
%
 
6
%
 
%
 
2
%

Resources revenue for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018, compared to the three and six months ended May 31, 2017, experienced positive organic revenue growth as our Chemicals, PGCR, and downstream pricing offerings produced strong results, our upstream energy revenue was flat, and our annual CERAWeek event in the second quarter of 2018 was very strong. Our Resources annual contract value (“ACV”), which represents the annualized value of recurring revenue contracts, increased slightly compared to the beginning of the year.

Transportation revenue for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018, compared to the three and six months ended May 31, 2017, continued to experience strong organic growth, led primarily by our automotive product offerings, with improving performance in our Aerospace, Defense & Security and Maritime & Trade product offerings. We continue to see strong organic growth in our automotive product category for both our new and used car offerings. Specific drivers of the strong performance in automotive includes our vehicle history report and used car listing services, supply chain forecasting, vehicle emissions analytics, digital marketing, and recall services.

CMS revenue for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018, compared to the three and six months ended May 31, 2017, increased as we see benefits from improving end markets and operational changes we have made over the past two years.

Financial Services revenue for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018, compared to the three and six months ended May 31, 2017, experienced strength across our Information and Solutions product offerings, with a low single-digit decline in our Processing product offerings. Within our Information product offerings, revenue growth was led by our pricing, indices, and valuation services offerings. Solutions product offerings growth was led by our regulatory and compliance solutions, as well as continued revenue growth in our WSO loan management and Enterprise Data Management offerings. Our Processing product offerings declined slightly during the three and six months ended May 31, 2018, compared to the three and six months ended May 31, 2017.


26


Revenue by Transaction Type
 
Three months ended May 31,
 
Percent change
 
Six months ended May 31,
 
Percent change
(in millions, except percentages)
2018
 
2017
 
Total
 
Organic
 
2018
 
2017
 
Total
 
Organic
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recurring fixed
$
698.1

 
$
630.6

 
11
%
 
6
%
 
$
1,381.4

 
$
1,247.7

 
11
%
 
6
%
Recurring variable
125.9

 
116.0

 
9
%
 
6
%
 
243.0

 
222.4

 
9
%
 
7
%
Non-recurring
184.3

 
159.5

 
16
%
 
15
%
 
316.0

 
280.2

 
13
%
 
12
%
Total revenue
$
1,008.3

 
$
906.1

 
11
%
 
8
%
 
$
1,940.4

 
$
1,750.3

 
11
%
 
7
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As a percent of total revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recurring fixed
69
%
 
70
%
 
 
 
 
 
71
%
 
71
%
 
 
 
 
Recurring variable
12
%
 
13
%
 
 
 
 
 
13
%
 
13
%
 
 
 
 
Non-recurring
18
%
 
18
%
 
 
 
 
 
16
%
 
16
%
 
 
 
 

Recurring fixed revenue organic growth increased measurably for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018, compared to the three and six months ended May 31, 2017, with Transportation and Financial Services recurring offerings providing the largest contribution to the growth, broad-based organic growth in CMS, and continued improving growth in the Resources segment. Recurring variable revenue was composed entirely of Financial Services revenue, with strong organic growth coming from our Information and Solutions product offering categories, offset by lower Processing revenue.

Non-recurring organic revenue increases for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018, compared to the three and six months ended May 31, 2017, were primarily due to continued strength in the Transportation segment related to recall activity, and strong event results in Resources and Transportation.

Operating Expenses

The following table shows our operating expenses and the associated percentages of revenue.
 
Three months ended May 31,
 
Percentage
Change
 
Six months ended May 31,
 
Percentage
Change
(In millions, except percentages)
2018
 
2017
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenue
$
368.4

 
$
337.7

 
9
%
 
$
711.3

 
$
664.7

 
7
%
SG&A expense
299.2

 
274.2

 
9
%
 
589.5

 
542.2

 
9
%
Total cost of revenue and SG&A expense
$
667.6

 
$
611.9

 
9
%
 
$
1,300.8

 
$
1,206.9

 
8
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization expense
$
131.0

 
$
122.8

 
7
%
 
$
261.6

 
$
243.6

 
7
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As a percent of revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total cost of revenue and SG&A expense
66
%
 
68
%
 
 
 
67
%
 
69
%
 
 
Depreciation and amortization expense
13
%
 
14
%
 
 
 
13
%
 
14
%
 
 

Cost of Revenue and SG&A Expense

In managing our business, we evaluate our costs by type (e.g., salaries and benefits, facilities, IT) rather than by income statement classification. The increases in absolute total cost of revenue and SG&A expense was primarily due to the aM acquisition and foreign currency effects, partially offset by a decrease in stock-based compensation expense. As a percentage of revenue, total cost of revenue and SG&A expense declined primarily because of strong organic revenue growth in 2018, as well as ongoing cost management and rationalization efforts associated with acquisition integration and decreased stock-based compensation expense.

Within our cost of revenue and SG&A expense, stock-based compensation expense decreased by approximately $7 million and $20 million for the three and six months ended May 31, 2018, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2017,

27


as a result of fewer award grants in 2018, limited acceleration of share awards associated with severance activities, and fewer shares still vesting from awards granted prior to the merger between IHS and Markit.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

For the three and six months ended May 31, 2018, compared to the three and six months ended May 31, 2017, depreciation and amortization expense increased on an absolute basis primarily because of the aM acquisition, but was relatively flat on a percentage of revenue basis.

Acquisition-related Costs

Please refer to Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of costs associated with our integration and other acquisition-related activities. During the six months ended May 31, 2018, we recorded approximately $53 million of direct and incremental costs associated with acquisition-related activities, including employee severance charges and retention costs, contract termination costs for facility consolidations, legal and professional fees, and performance compensation expense related to the aM acquisition.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA