Attached files
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017
OR
¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM _______ TO ___________
COMMISSION FILE NO. 000-52103
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant As Specified In Its Charter)
| Delaware | 20-4062622 | |
|
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
|
Building A1, 68 Xinxia Street, Pinghu, Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong People’s Republic of China |
518111 | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (86) 755-89686292
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
| Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered | |
| Common Stock, $0.0001 par value | Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (Nasdaq Global Market) | |
| Preferred Stock Purchase Rights | Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (Nasdaq Global Market) |
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:
None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “small reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer ¨ | Accelerated filer ¨ | |
| Non-accelerated filer ¨ | Smaller reporting company x | |
| Emerging growth company ¨ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of the registrant's issued and outstanding shares of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2017 (based on $3.65 per share, the price at which the registrant’s common stock was last sold on June 30, 2017) was approximately $37.1 million.
There were 15,509,658 shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, as of April 4, 2018. The registrant’s common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the stock symbol “HPJ”.
Documents Incorporated by Reference: None.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2017
| i |
CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The information contained in this Form 10-K, includes some statements that are not purely historical and that are “forward-looking statements.” Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our company’s and our management’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future, including our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plans,” “possible,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “seeks,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions, or the negatives of such terms, may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking.
The forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-K are based on current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and the potential effects on our company. There can be no assurance that future developments actually affecting us will be those anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, including the following:
| · | A global economic downturn adversely affecting demand for our products; |
| · | Our reliance on our major customers for a large portion of our net sales; |
| · | Our reliance on our major suppliers for our principal raw material; |
| · | Our ability to develop and market new products; |
| · | Our ability to establish and maintain a strong brand; |
| · | Protection of our intellectual property rights; |
| · | The implementation of new projects; |
| · | Our ability to successfully manufacture and deliver our products in the time frame and amounts expected; |
| · | Exposure to product liability, safety, and defect claims; |
| · | Exposure to currency exchange risks during our product export; |
| · | Rising labor costs, volatile metal prices, and inflation; |
| · | Changes in the laws of the PRC that affect our operations; |
| · | Our ability to obtain and maintain all necessary government certifications and/or licenses to conduct our business; |
| · | Development of an active trading market for our securities; |
| · | The cost of complying with current and future governmental regulations and the impact of any changes in the regulations on our operations; and |
| · | The other factors referenced in this Form 10-K, including, without limitation, under the sections entitled “Risk Factors,” “Financial Information,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and “Business.” |
| ii |
These risks and uncertainties, along with others, are also described above under the heading “Risk Factors.” Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and we cannot predict all such risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.
| iii |
| ITEM 1. | BUSINESS |
With respect to this discussion, the terms, the “Company” “Highpower” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Highpower International, Inc., and its 100%-owned subsidiary Hong Kong Highpower Technology Company Limited (“HKHTC”), HKHTC’s wholly-owned subsidiary Shenzhen Highpower Technology Company Limited (“SZ Highpower”) and SZ Highpower’s wholly owned subsidiary Huizhou Highpower Technology Company Limited (“HZ HTC”) and SZ Highpower’s and HKHTC’s jointly owned subsidiaries Springpower Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited (“SZ Springpower”) and Icon Energy System Company Limited (“ICON”). SZ Highpower no longer holds the controlling equity interest over its previously 70%-owned subsidiary Ganzhou Highpower Technology Company Limited (“GZ Highpower”) and deconsolidated GZ Highpower on December 21, 2017. Highpower and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the “Company”, unless the context indicates otherwise.
Corporate Information
Rapid advancements in electronic technology have expanded the number of battery-powered devices in recent years. As these devices have come to feature more sophisticated functions, more compact sizes and lighter weights, the sources of power that operate these products have been required to deliver increasingly higher levels of energy. This has stimulated consumer demand for higher-energy batteries capable of delivering longer service between recharges or battery replacement. In contrast to non-rechargeable batteries, after a rechargeable battery is discharged, it can be recharged and reused. Rechargeable batteries generally can be used in many non-rechargeable battery applications, as well as high energy drain applications such as electric toys, power tools, portable computers and other electronics, medical devices, and many other consumer products. High energy density and long achievable cycle life are important characteristics of rechargeable battery technologies. Energy density refers to the total electrical energy per unit volume stored in a battery. High energy density batteries generally are longer lasting power sources providing longer operating time and necessitating fewer battery recharges. Greater energy density will permit the use of batteries of a given weight or volume for a longer time period. Long cycle life is a preferred feature of a rechargeable battery because it allows the user to charge and recharge many times before noticing a difference in performance. Long achievable cycle life, particularly in combination with high energy density, is desirable for applications requiring frequent battery recharges.
To adapt to this demand, SZ Highpower was founded to manufacture, market and research Ni-MH batteries. SZ Highpower’s predecessor was founded in Guangzhou in 2001, and moved to Shenzhen in 2002.
Highpower was incorporated in the state of Delaware on January 3, 2006 and was originally organized as a “blank check” shell company to investigate and acquire a target company or business seeking the perceived advantages of being a publicly held corporation. On November 2, 2007, we closed a share exchange transaction, pursuant to which we (i) became the 100% parent of HKHTC and its wholly-owned subsidiary, SZ Highpower, (ii) assumed the operations of HKHTC and its subsidiary and (iii) changed our name to Hong Kong Highpower Technology, Inc. We subsequently changed our name to Highpower International, Inc. in October 2010.
HKHTC was incorporated in Hong Kong in 2003 under the Companies Ordinance of Hong Kong.
HKHTC formed HZ Highpower and SZ Springpower in 2008. HZ Highpower was dissolved in 2015. On October 8, 2013, SZ Springpower further increased its registered capital to $15,000,000. SZ Highpower holds 69.97% of the equity interest of SZ Springpower, and HKHTC holds the remaining 30.03%.
In 2011, HKHTC formed another wholly-owned subsidiary, ICON, a company organized under the laws of the PRC. On July 28, 2017, ICON further increased its registered capital to $15,000,000. SZ Highpower holds 93.33% of the equity interest of ICON, and HKHTC holds the remaining 6.67%.
In 2012, SZ Highpower formed a wholly-owned subsidiary HZ HTC. In March 2015, HZ HTC increased its paid-in capital to RMB60,000,000 ($9,496,526).
| 1 |
In 2010, SZ Highpower formed a subsidiary GZ Highpower. On May 15, 2013, GZ Highpower increased its paid-in capital from RMB15,000,000 ($2,381,293) to RMB30,000,000 ($4,807,847). On November 13, 2014, GZ Highpower increased its paid-in capital from RMB30,000,000 ($4,898,119) to RMB40,000,000 ($6,530,825) and the additional capital of RMB10,000,000 was contributed by SZ Highpower. On December 11, 2017, GZ Highpower signed an Agreement on Capital Increase and Share Enlargement (the “Agreement”) with Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd. ("Xiamen Tungsten") and Mr. Ou, the General Manager of GZ Highpower. Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, GZ Highpower received a total of RMB92.8 million (approximately $14.3 million), including RMB78.9 million (approximately $12.1 million) from Xiamen Tungsten in exchange for 55.294% ownership of GZ Highpower (the “Transaction”). The Transaction was completed on December 21, 2017. After the Transaction, SZ Highpower holds 31.294% of the equity interest of GZ Highpower. As a result, the Company no longer holds the controlling equity interest of GZ Highpower and deconsolidated GZ Highpower on December 21, 2017.
All other operating subsidiaries are incorporated in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) and are listed below:
| Subsidiary | Principal Activities | |
| SZ Highpower | Manufacturing, marketing and research of Ni-MH batteries | |
| SZ Springpower | Manufacturing, marketing and research of lithium batteries | |
| ICON | Design and production of advanced battery packs and systems | |
| HZ HTC | Manufacturing, marketing and research of lithium batteries |
| 2 |
Below is organizational flow chart of the Company:
Our Strategy
Our goal is to become a global leader in the development and manufacture of rechargeable battery products. We believe the following strategies are the critical to achieve this goal:
Continue to pursue cost-effective opportunities
Our operating model, coupled with our modern manufacturing processes, has resulted in a low cost structure, and an ability to respond rapidly to customer demands. We intend to achieve greater cost-effectiveness by expanding production capacity, increasing productivity and efficiency and seeking to lower the unit cost of products through the use of advanced technologies.
Continue to invest in Research and Development (“R&D”)
In order to maintain our difference, we will continue to strengthen the investment in R&D. We have also established a good cooperative relationship with universities, such as Central South University and Tsinghua University.
Continue to focus on brand customers
We are committed to bringing quality products and services to brand customers in the world and the top of segment markets to ensure the customer brand value continuously grows.
Products
Our Ni-MH rechargeable batteries are versatile solutions for many diverse applications due to their long life, environmentally friendly materials, high power and energy, low cost and safe applications. Developed to meet the requirement for increasingly higher levels of energy demanded by today’s electronic products, our Ni-MH rechargeable batteries offer increased capacity and higher energy density to expect a longer running time between charges as well as the performance of cycle life exceeds 2000 cycles for high end products. We produce AA, AAA, 9V, C, D, SC (Normal & RTU version) sized batteries in blister packing as well as chargers and battery packs.
Similar to Ni-MH batteries, we established lithium-ion batteries production lines to meet market needs. We produce Lithium-ion cylindrical, Lithium-ion polymer rechargeable batteries and power source solutions.
| 3 |
Sales and Marketing
We have a broad sales network of approximately 70 sales and marketing staff in China and have one branch office in Hong Kong. Our sales staff in each of our offices targets key customers by arranging in-person sales presentations and providing after-sales services. Our sales staff works closely with our customers so that we can better address their needs and improve the quality and features of our products. We offer different price incentives to encourage large-volume and long-term customers.
Sales from our customers are based primarily on purchase orders we receive from time to time rather than firm, long-term purchase commitments. Uncertain economic conditions and our general lack of long-term purchase commitments with our customers make it difficult for us to predict revenue accurately over the longer term. Even in those cases where customers are contractually obligated to purchase products from us, we may elect not to enforce our contractual rights immediately because of the long-term nature of our customer relationships and for other business reasons, and instead may negotiate accommodations with customers regarding particular situations.
We mainly engage in marketing activities such as attending industry-specific conferences and exhibitions to promote our products and brand name. We believe these activities help in promoting our products and brand name among key industry participants.
During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, approximately 21.2% and 22.9% of our net sales were from our five largest customers, respectively. The percentages of net sales disclosed for each of our major customers includes sales to groups of customers under common control or that could be deemed affiliates of such major customers. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, no customer accounted for 10% or more of net sales.
Competition
We face competition from many other battery manufacturers, some of which have significantly greater name recognition and financial, technical, manufacturing, personnel and other resources than we have. We compete against other Ni-MH and lithium-ion battery producers, as well as manufacturers of other rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries. The main types of rechargeable batteries currently on the market include: lead-acid; Ni-Cad; Ni-MH; liquid lithium-ion and lithium-ion polymer. Competition is typically based on design, quality, stability, and performance. The technology behind Ni-MH and lithium rechargeable batteries has consistently improved over time and we continue to enhance our products to meet the competitive threats from its competitors.
Supply of Raw Materials
The cost of the raw materials used in our rechargeable batteries is a key factor in the pricing of our products. We purchase materials in volume, which allows us to negotiate better pricing with our suppliers. Our purchasing department locates eligible suppliers of raw materials, striving to use only those suppliers who have previously demonstrated quality control and reliability.
For Ni-MH, we purchase raw materials, consisted primarily of metal materials including nickel oxide, nickel foam, metal hydride alloy and other battery components, such as membranes, from suppliers located in China and Japan. For lithium batteries, we purchase raw materials consisting primarily of LiCoO2, graphite and electrolyte. We believe that the raw materials and components used in manufacturing rechargeable batteries are available from enough sources to be able to satisfy our manufacturing needs; however, some of our materials relating to nickel and cobalt are available from a limited number of suppliers. No supplier accounted for over 10% of our total purchase amount during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Presently, our relationships with suppliers are generally good and we expect that our suppliers will be able to meet the anticipated demand for our products in the future.
Manufacturing
The manufacturing of rechargeable batteries requires coordinated use of machinery and raw materials at various stages of production. We have a large-scale active production base in Shenzhen and in Huizhou, a dedicated design, sales and marketing team and company-trained employees. We use automated machinery which enables us to enhance uniformity and precision during the manufacturing process. We intend to further improve our automated production lines and strive to continue investing in manufacturing infrastructures to further increase our manufacturing capacity, which help us control the unit cost of products.
| 4 |
Research and Development
To enhance our product quality, reduce cost, and keep pace with technological advances and evolving market trends, we have established an advanced research and development center. Our research and development center is not only focused on enhancing our Ni-MH and Lithium-based technologies by developing new products and improving the performance of our current products, but also seeks to develop alternative technologies. Our research institute is currently staffed with over 350 research and development technicians who overlook our basic research center, product development center, process engineering center, material analysis and performance testing labs. These teams work together to research new material and techniques, develop new products and push to mass production.
For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we expended $9,512,074 and $9,243,750, respectively, in research and development.
Intellectual Property
We rely on a combination of patent and trade secret protection and other unpatented proprietary information to protect our intellectual property rights and to maintain and enhance our competitiveness in the battery industry. We regularly file patent applications to protect our research, development and design, and are currently pursuing numerous patent applications in China. Over time, we have accumulated a lot of patents in China. We also have a U.S. patent for safety technology on rechargeable batteries.
We also rely on unpatented technologies to protect the proprietary nature of our product and manufacturing processes. We require that our management team and key employees enter into confidentiality agreements that require the employees to assign the rights to any inventions developed by them during the course of their employment with us. The confidentiality agreements include noncompetition and non-solicitation provisions that remain effective during the course of employment and for periods following termination of employment, which vary depending on position and location of the employees.
Seasonality
The first quarter of each fiscal year tends to be our slow season due to the Chinese New Year holidays. Our factories and operations usually shut down for 2 weeks during this time, resulting in lower sales during the first quarter.
Employees
As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately 3,600 employees, all of whom were employed full-time. There are no collective bargaining contracts covering any of our employees. We have not experienced any work stoppages and consider our relations with employees to be good.
| 5 |
| ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS |
Any investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Potential investors should carefully consider the material risks described below and all of the information contained in this Form 10-K before deciding whether to purchase any of our securities. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by these risks if any of them actually occur. The trading price of our shares of common stock listed on the NASDAQ Global Market could decline due to any of these risks, and an investor may lose all or part of his investment. Some of these factors have affected our financial condition and operating results in the past or are currently affecting us. This report also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks faced described below and elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR OPERATIONS
Our business depends in large part on the growth in demand for portable electronic devices.
Many of our battery products are used to power various portable electronic devices. Therefore, the demand for our batteries is substantially tied to the market demand for portable electronic devices. A growth in the demand for portable electronic devices will be essential to the expansion of our business. Our results of operations may be adversely affected by decreases in the general level of economic activity. Decreases in consumer spending that may result from the current global economic downturn may weaken demand for items that use our battery products. A decrease in the demand for portable electronic devices would likely have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. We are unable to predict the duration and severity of the current disruption in financial markets and the global adverse economic conditions and the effect such events might have on our business.
Our success depends on the success of manufacturers of the end applications that use our battery products.
Because our products are designed to be used in other products, our success depends on whether end application manufacturers will incorporate our batteries in their products. Although we strive to produce high quality battery products, there is no guarantee that end application manufacturers will accept our products. Our failure to gain acceptance of our products from these manufacturers could result in a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Additionally, even if a manufacturer decides to use our batteries, the manufacturer may not be able to market and sell its products successfully. The manufacturer’s inability to market and sell its products successfully could materially and adversely affect our business and prospects because this manufacturer may not order new products from us. Therefore, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future success would be materially and adversely affected.
We are and will continue to be subject to declining average selling prices of consumer electronic devices, which may harm our results of operations.
Portable consumer electronic devices, such as cellular phones, laptop computers and tablets are subject to rapid declines in average selling prices due to rapidly evolving technologies, industry standards and consumer preferences. Therefore, electronic device manufacturers expect suppliers, such as our company, to cut their costs and lower the price of their products to lessen the negative impact on the electronic device manufacturer’s own profit margins. As a result, we have previously reduced the price of some of our battery products and expect to continue to face market-driven downward pricing pressures in the future. Our results of operations will suffer if we are unable to offset any declines in the average selling prices of our products by developing new or enhanced products with higher selling prices or gross profit margins, increasing our sales volumes or reducing our production costs.
| 6 |
Our success is highly dependent on continually developing new and advanced products, technologies, and processes and failure to do so may cause us to lose our competitiveness in the battery industry and may cause our profits to decline.
To remain competitive in the battery industry, it is important to continually develop new and advanced products, technologies, and processes. There is no assurance that competitors’ new products, technologies, and processes will not render our existing products obsolete or non-competitive. Alternately, changes in legislative, regulatory or industry requirements or in competitive technologies may render certain of our products obsolete or less attractive. Our competitiveness in the battery market therefore relies upon our ability to enhance our current products, introduce new products, and develop and implement new technologies and processes. We predominately manufacture and market Ni-MH batteries, Li-ion and Li-polymer batteries. Our ability to adapt to evolving industry standards and anticipate future standards will be a significant factor in maintaining and improving our competitive position and our prospects for growth. To achieve this goal, we have invested and plan to continue investing significant financial resources in research and development. Research and development, however, is inherently uncertain, and we might encounter practical difficulties in commercializing our research results. The research and development of new products and technologies is costly and time consuming, and there are no assurances that our research and development of new products will either be successful or completed within anticipated timeframes, if at all. Accordingly, our significant investment in research and development may not bear fruit. On the other hand, our competitors may improve their technologies or even achieve technological breakthroughs that would render our products obsolete or less marketable. Our failure to technologically evolve and/or develop new or enhanced products may cause us to lose competitiveness in the battery market and may cause our profits to decline.
In addition, in order to compete effectively in the battery industry, we must be able to launch new products to meet our customers’ demands in a timely manner. However, we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to install and certify any equipment needed to produce new products in a timely manner, or that the transitioning of our manufacturing facility and resources to full production under any new product programs will not impact production rates or other operational efficiency measures at our manufacturing facility. In addition, new product introductions and applications are risky, and may suffer from a lack of market acceptance, delay in related product development and failure of new products to operate properly. Any failure by us successfully to launch new products, or a failure by our customers to accept such products, could adversely affect our operating results.
We have historically depended on a limited number of customers for a significant portion of our revenues and this dependence is likely to continue.
We have historically depended on a limited number of customers for a significant portion of our net sales. We anticipate that a limited number of customers will continue to contribute to a significant portion of our net sales in the future. Maintaining the relationships with these significant customers is vital to the expansion and success of our business, as the loss of a major customer could expose us to risk of substantial losses. Our sales and revenue could decline and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected if one or more of these significant customers stops or reduces its purchasing of our products, or if we fail to expand our customer base for our products.
Significant order cancellations, reductions or delays by our customers could materially adversely affect our business.
Our sales are typically made pursuant to individual purchase orders, and we generally do not have long-term supply arrangements with our customers, but instead work with our customers to develop nonbinding forecasts of future requirements. Based on these forecasts, we make commitments regarding the level of business that we will seek and accept, the timing of production schedules and the levels and utilization of personnel and other resources. A variety of conditions, both specific to each customer and generally affecting each customer’s industry, may cause customers to cancel, reduce or delay orders that were either previously made or anticipated. Generally, customers may cancel, reduce or delay purchase orders and commitments without penalty, except for payment for services rendered or products competed and, in certain circumstances, payment for materials purchased and charges associated with such cancellation, reduction or delay. Significant or numerous order cancellations, reductions or delays by our customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Substantial defaults by our customers on accounts receivable or the loss of significant customers could have a material adverse effect on our business.
A substantial portion of our working capital consists of accounts receivable from customers. If customers responsible for a significant amount of accounts receivable were to become insolvent or otherwise unable to pay for products and services, or to make payments in a timely manner, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected. An economic or industry downturn could materially adversely affect the servicing of these accounts receivable, which could result in longer payment cycles, increased collection costs and defaults in excess of management’s expectations. A significant deterioration in our ability to collect on accounts receivable could also impact the cost or availability of financing available to us.
| 7 |
A change in our product mix may cause our results of operations to differ substantially from the anticipated results in any particular period.
Our overall profitability may not meet expectations if our products, customers or geographic mix are substantially different than anticipated. Our profit margins vary among our battery and new materials products, our customers and the geographic markets in which we sell our products. Consequently, if our mix of any of these is substantially different from what is anticipated in any particular period, our profitability could be lower than anticipated.
Certain disruptions in supply of and changes in the competitive environment for raw materials integral to our products may adversely affect our profitability.
We use a broad range of materials and supplies, including metals, chemicals and other electronic components in our products. A significant disruption in the supply of these materials could decrease production and shipping levels, materially increase our operating costs and materially adversely affect our profit margins. Shortages of materials or interruptions in transportation systems, labor strikes, work stoppages, war, acts of terrorism or other interruptions to or difficulties in the employment of labor or transportation in the markets in which we purchase materials, components and supplies for the production of our products, in each case may adversely affect our ability to maintain production of our products and sustain profitability. If we were to experience a significant or prolonged shortage of critical components from any of our suppliers and could not procure the components from other sources, we would be unable to meet our production schedules for some of our key products and to ship such products to our customers in timely fashion, which would adversely affect our sales, margins and customer relations.
Our industry is subject to supply shortages and any delay or inability to obtain product components may have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our industry is subject to supply shortages, which could limit the amount of supply available of certain required battery components. Any delay or inability to obtain supplies may have a material adverse effect on our business. During prior periods, there have been shortages of components in the battery industry and the availability of raw materials has been limited by some of our suppliers. We cannot assure investors that any future shortages or allocations would not have such an effect on our business. A future shortage can be caused by and result from many situations and circumstances that are out of our control, and such shortage could limit the amount of supply available of certain required materials and increase prices adversely affecting our profitability.
Our future operating results may be affected by fluctuations in costs of raw materials, such as nickel.
Our principal raw material is nickel, which is available from a limited number of suppliers in China. The prices our raw materials used to make our batteries increase and decrease due to factors beyond our control, including general economic conditions, domestic and worldwide demand, labor costs or problems, competition, import duties, tariffs, energy costs, currency exchange rates and those other factors described under “Certain disruptions in supply of and changes in the competitive environment for raw materials integral to our products may adversely affect our profitability.” In an environment of increasing prices for our raw materials, competitive conditions may impact how much of the price increases we can pass on to our customers and to the extent we are unable to pass on future price increases in our raw materials to our customers, our financial results could be adversely affected.
Our operations would be materially adversely affected if third-party carriers were unable to transport our products on a timely basis.
All of our products are shipped through third party carriers. If a strike or other event prevented or disrupted these carriers from transporting our products, other carriers may be unavailable or may not have the capacity to deliver our products to our customers. If adequate third party sources to ship our products are unavailable at any time, our business would be materially adversely affected.
| 8 |
We may not be able to increase our manufacturing output in order to maintain our competitiveness in the battery industry.
We believe that our ability to provide cost-effective products represents a significant competitive advantage over our competitors. In order to continue providing such cost-effective products, we must maximize the efficiency of our production processes and increase our manufacturing output to a level that will enable us to reduce the unit production cost of our products. Our ability to increase our manufacturing output is subject to certain significant limitations, including:
| · | Our ability raise capital to acquire additional raw materials and expand our manufacturing facilities; |
| · | Delays and cost overruns, due to increases in raw material prices and problems with equipment vendors; |
| · | Delays or denial of required approvals and certifications by relevant government authorities; |
| · | Diversion of significant management attention and other resources; and |
| · | Failure to execute our expansion plan effectively. |
If we are not able to increase our manufacturing output and reduce our unit production costs, we may be unable to maintain our competitive position in the battery industry. Moreover, even if expand our manufacturing output, we may not be able to generate sufficient customer demand for our products to support our increased production output.
The activities of our non-U.S. subsidiaries may be subject to U.S. taxation and the new U.S. tax reform legislations may adversely affect our results of operations.
Most of our subsidiaries are based in China and are subject to income taxes in the PRC. These China-based subsidiaries conduct substantially all of our operations, and generate most of our income in China. Highpower International, Inc. is a Delaware corporation and is subject to income taxes in the United States. New U.S. federal tax legislation, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), was signed into law on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act significantly modified the U.S. Internal Revenue Code by, among other things, reducing the maximum U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to a flat rate of 21% for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017; limiting and/or eliminating many business deductions; imposing a one-time transition tax on a mandatory deemed repatriation of previously deferred foreign earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries; generally eliminating U.S. corporate income tax on dividends from foreign subsidiaries subject to certain limitations; and providing for new taxes on certain foreign earnings. Taxpayers may elect to pay the one-time transition tax over eight years, or in a single lump-sum payment. See Note 14 to our audited consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-1 of this report.
Certain activities conducted in the PRC or other jurisdictions outside of the U.S. may give rise to U.S. corporate income tax. These taxes would be imposed on the Company when its subsidiaries that are controlled foreign corporations (“CFCs”) generate income that is subject to Subpart F of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, or Subpart F. Passive income, such as rents, royalties, interest, dividends, and gain from disposal of our investments are among the types of income subject to taxation under Subpart F. Any income taxable under Subpart F is taxable in the U.S. at federal corporate income tax rates of up to 21% for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Subpart F income that is taxable to Highpower International, Inc., even if it is not distributed to Hong Kong Highpower Technology Company Limited, may also include income from transactions where the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries make an “investment in U.S. property,” within the meaning of Subpart F, such as holding the stock in, or making a loan to, a U.S. corporation.
The Tax Act also includes provisions for a new tax on global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The GILTI provisions impose a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of CFCs, subject to the possible use of foreign tax credits and a deduction equal to 50% to offset the income tax liability, subject to some limitations. The computation of GILTI is still subject to interpretation and additional clarifying guidance is expected.
We have made reasonable estimates of the effects of the tax law changes, including the remeasurement of our existing deferred tax balances and recording a tax liability for the mandatory repatriation of deferred foreign earnings. The final impact of the Tax Act may differ from these provisional estimates due to forthcoming guidance in interpretation of the law and accounting, or further refinement of our analysis. Any adjustment could adversely affect our earnings.
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The market for our products and services is very competitive and, if we cannot effectively compete, our business will be adversely affected.
The market for our products and services is very competitive and subject to rapid technological change. Many of our competitors are larger and have significantly greater assets, name recognition and financial, personnel and other resources than we have. As a result, our competitors may be in a stronger position to respond quickly to potential acquisitions and other market opportunities, new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements. We cannot assure that we will be able to maintain or increase our market share against the emergence of these or other sources of competition. Failure to maintain and enhance our competitive position could materially adversely affect our business and prospects.
Our business may be adversely affected by a global economic downturn, in addition to the continuing uncertainties in the financial markets.
The global economy experienced a pronounced economic downturn in previous years. Global financial markets have and may in the future experience disruptions, including severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increases in unemployment rates, and uncertainty about economic stability. There is no assurance that there will not be deterioration in the global economy in the future, the global financial markets and consumer confidence. If economic conditions deteriorate, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Additionally, sales of consumer items such as portable electronic devices, have slowed in previous years and there have been adverse changes in employment levels, job growth, consumer confidence and interest rates. During 2017, Mainland China, which represented 57.0% of our net sales for the year ended December 31, 2017, experienced a pronounced deceleration in its economic growth. Our future results of operations may experience substantial fluctuations from period to period as a consequence of these factors, and such conditions and other factors affecting consumer spending may affect the timing of orders. Thus, any economic downturns generally would have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations.
Moreover, the inability of our customers and suppliers to access capital efficiently, or at all, may have other adverse effects on our financial condition. For example, financial difficulties experienced by our customers or suppliers could result in product delays; increase accounts receivable defaults; and increase our inventory exposure. The inability of our customers to borrow money to fund purchases of our products reduces the demand for our products and services and may adversely affect our results from operations and cash flow. These risks may increase if our customers and suppliers do not adequately manage their business or do not properly disclose their financial condition to us.
Although we believe we have adequate liquidity and capital resources to fund our operations internally, in light of current market conditions, our inability to access the capital markets on favorable terms, or at all, may adversely affect our financial performance. The inability to obtain adequate financing from debt or capital sources could force us to self-fund strategic initiatives or even forego certain opportunities, which in turn could potentially harm our performance.
Maintaining and expanding our manufacturing operations requires significant capital expenditures, and our inability or failure to maintain and expand our operations would have a material adverse impact on our market share and ability to generate revenue.
We had capital expenditures of approximately $13.7 million and $8.5 million in the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We may incur significant additional capital expenditures as a result of our expansion of our operations into our new production factory, as well as unanticipated events, regulatory changes and other events that impact our business. If we are unable or fail to adequately maintain our manufacturing capacity or quality control processes or adequately expand our production capabilities, we could lose customers and there could be a material adverse impact on our market share and our ability to generate revenue.
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Warranty claims, product liability claims and product recalls could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our business inherently exposes us to potential warranty and product liability claims, in the event that our products fail to perform as expected or such failure of our products results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury or property damage (or both). Such claims may arise despite our quality controls, proper testing and instruction for use of our products, either due to a defect during manufacturing or due to the individual’s improper use of the product. In addition, if any of our designed products are or are alleged to be defective, then we may be required to participate in a recall of them.
Existing PRC laws and regulations do not require us to maintain third party liability insurance to cover product liability claims. Although we have obtained products liability insurance, if a warranty or product liability claim is brought against us, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, or a recall of one of our products is required, such claim or recall may result in damage to our reputation, breach of contracts with our customers, decreased demand for our products, costly litigation, additional product recalls, loss of revenue, and the inability to commercialize some products. Additionally, our insurance policy imposes a ceiling for maximum coverage and high deductibles and we may be unable to obtain sufficient amounts from our policy to cover a product liability claim. We may not be able to obtain any insurance coverage for certain types of product liability claims, as our policy excludes coverage of certain types of claims. In such cases, we may still incur substantial costs related to a product liability claim, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
Manufacturing or use of our battery products may cause accidents, which could result in significant production interruption, delay or claims for substantial damages.
Our batteries, especially lithium batteries, can pose certain safety risks, including the risk of fire. While we implement stringent safety procedures at all stages of battery production that minimize such risks, accidents may still occur. Any accident, regardless of where it occurs, may result in significant production interruption, delays or claims for substantial damages caused by personal injuries or property damages.
Our labor costs have increased and are likely to continue to increase as a result of changes in Chinese labor laws.
We expect to experience an increase in our cost of labor due to recent changes in Chinese labor laws which are likely to increase costs further and impose restrictions on our relationship with our employees. In June 2007, the National People’s Congress of the PRC enacted new labor law legislation called the Labor Contract Law and more strictly enforced existing labor laws. The law, which became effective on January 1, 2008, amended and formalized workers’ rights concerning overtime hours, pensions, layoffs, employment contracts and the role of trade unions. As a result of the law, we have had to increase the salaries of our employees, provide additional benefits to our employees, and revise certain other of our labor practices. The increase in labor costs has increased our operating costs, which we have not always been able to pass on to our customers. In addition, under the law, employees who either have worked for us for 10 years or more or who have had two consecutive fixed-term contracts must be given an “open-ended employment contract” that, in effect, constitutes a lifetime, permanent contract, which is terminable only in the event the employee materially breaches our rules and regulations or is in serious dereliction of his or her duties. Such non-cancelable employment contracts have substantially increased our employment-related risks and limit our ability to downsize our workforce in the event of an economic downturn. No assurance can be given that we will not in the future be subject to labor strikes or that we will not have to make other payments to resolve future labor issues caused by the new laws. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that labor laws in the PRC will not change further or that their interpretation and implementation will vary, which may have a negative effect upon our business and results of operations.
We cannot guarantee the protection of our intellectual property rights and if infringement of our intellectual property rights occurs, including counterfeiting of our products, our reputation and business may be adversely affected.
To protect the reputation of our products, we have sought to file or register intellectual property, as appropriate, in the PRC where we have our primary business presence. Our products are currently sold under these trademarks in the PRC, and we plan to expand our products to other international markets. There is no assurance that there will not be any infringement of our brand name or other registered trademarks or counterfeiting of our products in the future, in China or elsewhere. Should any such infringement and/or counterfeiting occur, our reputation and business may be adversely affected. We may also incur significant expenses and substantial amounts of time and effort to enforce our trademark rights in the future. Such diversion of our resources may adversely affect our existing business and future expansion plans.
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We believe that obtaining patents and enforcing other proprietary protections for our technologies and products have been and will continue to be very important in enabling us to compete effectively. However, there can be no assurance that our pending patent applications will issue, or that we will be able to obtain any new patents, in China or elsewhere, or that our or our licensors’ patents and proprietary rights will not be challenged or circumvented, or that these patents will provide us with any meaningful competitive advantages. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independently develop similar products or will not design around any patents that have been or may be issued to us or our licensors. Failure to obtain patents in certain foreign countries may materially adversely affect our ability to compete effectively in those international markets. If a sufficiently broad patent were to be issued from a competing application in China or elsewhere, it could have a material adverse effect upon our intellectual property position in that particular market.
In addition, our rights to use the licensed proprietary technologies of our licensors depends on the timely and complete payment for such rights pursuant to license agreements between the parties; failure to adhere to the terms of these agreements could result in the loss of such rights and could materially and adversely affect our business.
If our products are alleged to or found to conflict with patents that have been or may be granted to competitors or others, our reputation and business may be adversely affected.
Rapid technological developments in the battery industry and the competitive nature of the battery products market make the patent position of battery manufacturers subject to numerous uncertainties related to complex legal and factual issues. Consequently, although we either own or hold licenses to certain patents in the PRC, and are currently processing several additional patent applications in the PRC, it is possible that no patents will issue from any pending applications or that claims allowed in any existing or future patents issued or licensed to us will be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or that any rights granted there under will not provide us adequate protection. As a result, we may be required to participate in interference or infringement proceedings to determine the priority of certain inventions or may be required to commence litigation to protect our rights, which could result in substantial costs. Further, other parties could bring legal actions against us claiming damages and seeking to enjoin manufacturing and marketing of our products for allegedly conflicting with patents held by them. Any such litigation could result in substantial cost to us and diversion of effort by our management and technical personnel. If any such actions are successful, in addition to any potential liability for damages, we could be required to obtain a license in order to continue to manufacture or market the affected products. There can be no assurance that we would prevail in any such action or that any license required under any such patent would be made available on acceptable terms, if at all. Failure to obtain needed patents, licenses or proprietary information held by others may have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, if we were to become involved in such litigation, it could consume a substantial portion of our time and resources. Also, with respect to licensed technology, there can be no assurance that the licensor of the technology will have the resources, financial or otherwise, or desire to defend against any challenges to the rights of such licensor to its patents.
We rely on trade secret protections through confidentiality agreements with our employees, customers and other parties; the breach of such agreements could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We rely on trade secrets, which we seek to protect, in part, through confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with our employees, customers and other parties. There can be no assurance that these agreements will not be breached, that we would have adequate remedies for any such breach or that our trade secrets will not otherwise become known to or independently developed by competitors. To the extent that consultants, key employees or other third parties apply technological information independently developed by them or by others to our proposed projects, disputes may arise as to the proprietary rights to such information that may not be resolved in our favor. We may be involved from time to time in litigation to determine the enforceability, scope and validity of our proprietary rights. Any such litigation could result in substantial cost and diversion of effort by our management and technical personnel.
The failure to manage growth effectively could have an adverse effect on our employee efficiency, product quality, working capital levels, and results of operations.
Any significant growth in the market for our products or our entry into new markets may require expansion of our employee base for managerial, operational, financial, and other purposes. During any growth, we may face problems related to our operational and financial systems and controls, including quality control and delivery and service capacities. We would also need to continue to expand, train and manage our employee base. Continued future growth will impose significant added responsibilities upon the members of management to identify, recruit, maintain, integrate, and motivate new employees.
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Aside from increased difficulties in the management of human resources, we may also encounter working capital issues, as we will need increased liquidity to finance the purchase of raw materials and supplies, development of new products, and the hiring of additional employees. For effective growth management, we will be required to continue improving our operations, management, and financial systems and control. Our failure to manage growth effectively may lead to operational and financial inefficiencies that will have a negative effect on our profitability. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to timely and effectively meet that demand and maintain the quality standards required by our existing and potential customers.
We are dependent on certain key personnel and loss of these key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our success is, to a certain extent, attributable to the management, sales and marketing, and operational and technical expertise of certain key personnel. Each of the named executive officers performs key functions in the operation of our business. The loss of a significant number of these employees could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We are dependent on a technically trained workforce and an inability to retain or effectively recruit such employees could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We must attract, recruit and retain a sizeable workforce of technically competent employees to develop and manufacture our products and provide service support. Our ability to implement effectively our business strategy will depend upon, among other factors, the successful recruitment and retention of additional highly skilled and experienced engineering and other technical and marketing personnel. There is significant competition for technologically qualified personnel in our business and we may not be successful in recruiting or retaining sufficient qualified personnel consistent with our operational needs.
Adverse capital and credit market conditions may significantly affect our ability to meet liquidity needs, access to capital and cost of capital.
The capital and credit markets have previously experienced extreme volatility and disruption, including, among other things, extreme volatility in securities prices, severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, ratings downgrades of certain investments and declining valuations of others. Governments have taken unprecedented actions intended to address extreme market conditions that have included severely restricted credit and declines in real estate values. In some cases, the markets have exerted downward pressure on availability of liquidity and credit capacity for certain issuers. While historically these conditions have not impaired our ability to utilize our current credit facilities and finance our operations, there can be no assurance that there will not be deterioration in financial markets and confidence in major economies such that our ability to access credit markets and finance our operations, might be impaired. Without sufficient liquidity, we may be forced to curtail our operations. Adverse market conditions may limit our ability to replace, in a timely manner, maturing liabilities and access the capital necessary to operate and grow our business. As such, we may be forced to delay raising capital or bear an unattractive cost of capital which could decrease our profitability and significantly reduce our financial flexibility. The tightening of credit in financial markets could adversely affect the ability of our customers to obtain financing for purchases of our products and could result in a decrease in or cancellation of orders for our products. Our results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and capital position could be materially adversely affected by disruptions in the financial markets.
We have been relying on bank facilities to finance our expansion of new plants, which increased our debt asset ratio. We may not have sufficient cash to meet our payment obligations.
The Company leverages from various Chinese banks to fund its business operations and our expansion to meet the demand from the fast growing lithium battery market in mobile and portable consumer devices, vehicles of various sizes, and energy storage systems. As of December 31, 2017, the Company’s debt asset ratio was 69.1%. The management of the Company has taken and will take a number of actions and will continue to address our high debt level situation in order to restore the Company to a sound financial position with an appropriate business strategy going forward. These actions can include market more higher-margined lithium battery products and systems; control cost in operating expenses, and improve management efficiency; and introduce strategic investment. If we are not successful in implementing these actions, we may not have sufficient cash to meet our payment obligations.
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Our quarterly results may fluctuate because of many factors and, as a result, investors should not rely on quarterly operating results as indicative of future results.
Fluctuations in operating results or the failure of operating results to meet the expectations of public market analysts and investors may negatively impact the value of our securities. Quarterly operating results may fluctuate in the future due to a variety of factors that could affect revenues or expenses in any particular quarter. Fluctuations in quarterly operating results could cause the value of our securities to decline. Investors should not rely on quarter-to-quarter comparisons of results of operations as an indication of future performance. As a result of the factors listed below, it is possible that in the future periods results of operations may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors. This could cause the market price of our securities to decline. Factors that may affect our quarterly results include:
| · | Vulnerability of our business to a general economic downturn in China; |
| · | Fluctuation and unpredictability of costs related to the raw materials used to manufacture our products; |
| · | Seasonality of our business; |
| · | Changes in the laws of the PRC that affect our operations; |
| · | Competition from our competitors; and |
| · | Our ability to obtain necessary government certifications and/or licenses to conduct our business. |
Our stock price may be negatively affected if we become subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S. listed Chinese companies.
U.S. public companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, particularly companies like us which have completed share exchanges or reverse merger transactions, have been the subject of intense scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, a lack of effective internal controls over financial accounting, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity, the publicly traded stock of many U.S.-listed Chinese companies has sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, has become virtually worthless. Many of these companies subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions, conducted internal and external investigations into the allegations. If we become the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend our company. This situation will be costly and time consuming and distract our management from growing our company. If such allegations are not proven to be groundless, our company and business operations will be severely negatively affected and your investment in our stock could be rendered worthless.
We have outstanding warrants and options, and future sales of the shares obtained upon exercise of these options or warrants could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
As of December 31, 2017, we had outstanding options exercisable for an aggregate of 130,042 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $2.80 per share. We have registered the issuance of all the shares issuable upon exercise of the options, and they will be freely tradable by the exercising party upon issuance. The holders may sell these shares in the public markets from time to time, without limitations on the timing, amount or method of sale. As of December 31, 2017, we also had outstanding warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 200,000 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $3.00 per share. As our stock price rises, the holders may exercise their options and sell a large number of shares. This could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
RISKS RELATED TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINA
The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.
The PRC government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and state ownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs, environmental regulations, land use rights, property, and other matters. We believe that our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legal and regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of the jurisdictions in which we operate may impose new, stricter regulations or interpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations or interpretations.
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Substantially all of our assets are located in the PRC and substantially all of our revenues are derived from our operations in China, and changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a significant impact upon the business we may be able to conduct in the PRC and accordingly on the results of our operations and financial condition.
Our business operations may be adversely affected by the current and future political environment in the PRC. The Chinese government exerts substantial influence and control over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities. Our ability to operate in China may be adversely affected by changes in Chinese laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, import and export tariffs, raw materials, environmental regulations, land use rights, property and other matters. Although the current government of the PRC has been pursuing economic reform policies that encourage private economic activities and greater economic decentralization, the PRC government continues to exercise significant control over economic growth in China through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and imposing policies that impact particular industries or companies in different ways. There is no assurance, that the government of the PRC will continue to pursue these policies, or that it will not significantly alter these policies from time to time without advance notice.
Our operations are subject to PRC laws and regulations that are sometimes vague and uncertain. Any changes in such PRC laws and regulations, or the interpretations thereof, may have a material and adverse effect on our business.
The PRC’s legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system prevalent in the United States, decided legal cases have little value as precedent in China. There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including but not limited to, governmental approvals required for conducting business and investments, laws and regulations governing the battery industry, national security-related laws and regulations and export/import laws and regulations, as well as commercial, antitrust, patent, product liability, environmental laws and regulations, consumer protection, and financial and business taxation laws and regulations.
The Chinese government has been developing a comprehensive system of commercial laws, and considerable progress has been made in introducing laws and regulations dealing with economic matters such as foreign investment, corporate organization and governance, commerce, taxation and trade. However, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published cases and judicial interpretation and their lack of force as precedents, interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve significant uncertainties. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively.
Our principal operating subsidiaries, SZ Highpower, SZ Springpower and ICON are considered foreign invested enterprises under PRC laws, and as a result are required to comply with PRC laws and regulations, including laws and regulations specifically governing the activities and conduct of foreign invested enterprises. We cannot predict what effect the interpretation of existing or new PRC laws or regulations may have on our businesses. If the relevant authorities find us in violation of PRC laws or regulations, they would have broad discretion in dealing with such a violation, including, without limitation:
| · | Levying fines; |
| · | Revoking our business license, other licenses or authorities; |
| · | Requiring that we restructure our ownership or operations; and |
| · | Requiring that we discontinue any portion or all of our business. |
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The disclosures in our reports and other filings with the SEC and our other public pronouncements are not subject to the scrutiny of any regulatory bodies in the PRC. Accordingly, our public disclosure should be reviewed in light of the fact that no governmental agency that is located in China where substantially all of our operations and business are located have conducted any due diligence on our operations or reviewed or cleared any of our disclosures.
We are regulated by the SEC and our reports and other filings with the SEC are subject to SEC review in accordance with the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Unlike public reporting companies whose operations are located primarily in the United States, however, substantially all of our operations are located in China. Since substantially all of our operations and business take place in China, it may be more difficult for the Staff of the SEC to overcome the geographic and cultural obstacles that are present when reviewing our disclosures. These same obstacles are not present for similar companies whose operations or business take place entirely or primarily in the United States. Furthermore, our SEC reports and other disclosures and public pronouncements are not subject to the review or scrutiny of any PRC regulatory authority. For example, the disclosure in our SEC reports and other filings are not subject to the review of China Securities Regulatory Commission, a PRC regulator that is tasked with oversight of the capital markets in China. Accordingly, you should review our SEC reports, filings and our other public pronouncements with the understanding that no local regulator has done any due diligence on our company and with the understanding that none of our SEC reports, other filings or any of our other public pronouncements has been reviewed or otherwise been scrutinized by any local regulator.
The scope of our business license in China is limited, and we may not expand or continue our business without government approval and renewal, respectively.
Our principal operating subsidiary, SZ Highpower is a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, commonly known as WFOEs. A WFOE can only conduct business within its approved business scope, which appears on the business license since its inception. Our license permits us to design, manufacture, sell and market battery products throughout the PRC. Any amendment to the scope of our business requires further application and government approval. Prior to expanding our business and engaging in activities that are not covered by our current business licenses, we are required to apply and receive approval from the relevant PRC government authorities. In order for us to expand business beyond the scope of our license, we will be required to enter into a negotiation with the authorities for the approval to expand the scope of our business. PRC authorities, which have discretion over business licenses, may reject our request to expand the scope of our business licenses to include our planned areas of expansion. We will be prohibited from engaging in any activities that the PRC authorities do not approve in our expanded business licenses. Companies that operate outside the scope of their licenses can be subjected to fines, disgorgement of income and ordered to cease operations. Our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected if we are unable to obtain the necessary government approval for expanded business licenses that cover any areas in which we wish to expand.
We are subject to a variety of environmental laws and regulations related to our manufacturing operations. Our failure to comply with environmental laws and regulations may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
We are subject to various environmental laws and regulations in China that require us to obtain environmental permits for our battery manufacturing operations. Although we do not currently exceed the approved annual output limits under the new permit, we cannot guarantee that this will continue to be the case. Additionally, our current permit does not cover one of our existing premises at our manufacturing facility. If we fail to comply with the provisions of our permit, we could be subject to fines, criminal charges or other sanctions by regulators, including the suspension or termination of our manufacturing operations.
To the extent we ship our products outside of the PRC, or to the extent our products are used in products sold outside of the PRC, they may be affected by the following: The transportation of non-rechargeable and rechargeable lithium batteries is regulated by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), and corresponding International Air Transport Association (IATA), Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), Dangerous Goods Regulations and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG), and in the PRC by General Administration of Civil Aviation of China and Maritime Safety Administration of People’s Republic of China. These regulations are based on the United Nations (UN) Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Model Regulations and the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria. We currently ship our products pursuant to ICAO, IATA and PHMSA hazardous goods regulations. New regulations that pertain to all lithium battery manufacturers went into effect in 2003 and 2004, and additional regulations went into effect on October 1, 2009. The regulations require companies to meet certain testing, packaging, labeling and shipping specifications for safety reasons. We comply with all current PRC and international regulations for the shipment of our products, and will comply with any new regulations that are imposed. We have established our own testing facilities to ensure that we comply with these regulations. If we were unable to comply with the new regulations, however, or if regulations are introduced that limit our ability to transport products to customers in a cost-effective manner, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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We cannot assure that at all times we will be in compliance with environmental laws and regulations or our environmental permits or that we will not be required to expend significant funds to comply with, or discharge liabilities arising under, environmental laws, regulations and permits. Additionally, these regulations may change in a manner that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We have made and will continue to make capital and other expenditures to comply with environmental requirements.
Furthermore, our failure to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations worldwide could harm our business and results of operations. The manufacturing, assembling and testing of our products require the use of hazardous materials that are subject to a broad array of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with any of these applicable laws or regulations could result in:
| · | Regulatory penalties, fines and legal liabilities; |
| · | Suspension of production; |
| · | Alteration of our fabrication, assembly and test processes; and |
| · | Curtailment of our operations or sales. |
In addition, our failure to manage the use, transportation, emission, discharge, storage, recycling or disposal of hazardous materials could subject us to increased costs or future liabilities. Existing and future environmental laws and regulations could also require us to acquire pollution abatement or remediation equipment, modify our product designs or incur other expenses associated with such laws and regulations. Many new materials that we are evaluating for use in our operations may be subject to regulation under existing or future environmental laws and regulations that may restrict our use of one or more of such materials in our manufacturing, assembly and test processes or products. Any of these restrictions could harm our business and results of operations by increasing our expenses or requiring us to alter our manufacturing processes.
If our land use rights or the land use rights of our landlord are revoked or not renewed, we would be forced to relocate operations.
Under Chinese law land is owned by the state or rural collective economic organizations. The state issues to the land users the land use right certificates. Land use rights can be revoked or not renewed and the land users forced to vacate at any time when redevelopment of the land is in the public interest. The public interest rationale is interpreted quite broadly and the process of land appropriation may be less than transparent. We acquired approximately 126,605 square meters of land equity in Huizhou from the Huizhou State-Owned Land Resource in 2007 upon which we constructed a manufacturing facility. Besides the land use rights in Huizhou, we rely on the land use rights of our landlords for other facilities, and the loss of our own land use rights or our landlords’ land use rights would require us to identify and relocate our operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Any loss of this land use right would require us to identify and relocate our manufacturing and other facilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We will not be able to complete an acquisition of prospective acquisition targets in the PRC unless their financial statements can be reconciled to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles in a timely manner.
Companies based in the PRC may not have properly kept financial books and records that may be reconciled with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). If we attempt to acquire a significant PRC target company and/or its assets, we would be required to obtain or prepare financial statements of the target that are prepared in accordance with and reconciled to U.S. GAAP. Federal securities laws require that a business combination meeting certain financial significance tests require the public acquirer to prepare and file historical and/or pro forma financial statement disclosure with the SEC. These financial statements must be prepared in accordance with, or be reconciled to U.S. GAAP and the historical financial statements must be audited in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. If a proposed acquisition target does not have financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with, or that can be reconciled to, U.S. GAAP and audited in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, we will not be able to acquire that proposed acquisition target. These financial statement requirements may limit the pool of potential acquisition targets with which we may acquire and hinder our ability to expand our retail operations. Furthermore, if we consummate an acquisition and are unable to timely file audited financial statements and/or pro forma financial information required by the Exchange Act, such as Item 9.01 of Form 8-K, we will be ineligible to use the SEC’s short-form registration statement on Form S-3 to raise capital, if we are otherwise eligible to use a Form S-3. If we are ineligible to use a Form S-3, the process of raising capital may be more expensive and time consuming and the terms of any offering transaction may not be as favorable as they would have been if we were eligible to use Form S-3.
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We face risks related to natural disasters, terrorist attacks or other events in China that may affect usage of public transportation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Our business could be materially and adversely affected by natural disasters, terrorist attacks or other events in China. For example, in early 2008, parts of China suffered a wave of strong snow storms that severely impacted public transportation systems. In May 2008, Sichuan Province in China suffered a strong earthquake measuring approximately 8.0 on the Richter scale that caused widespread damage and casualties. Any future natural disasters, terrorist attacks or other events in China could cause a reduction in usage of or other severe disruptions to, public transportation systems and could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The foreign currency exchange rate between United States Dollar (“US$”) Dollars and Renminbi (“RMB”) could adversely affect our financial condition.
To the extent that we need to convert US$ into RMB for our operational needs, our financial position and the price of our common stock may be adversely affected should the RMB appreciate against the US$ at that time. Conversely, if we decide to convert RMB into US$ for the operational needs or paying dividends on our common stock, the US$ equivalent of our earnings from our subsidiaries in China would be reduced should the US$ appreciate against the RMB.
Because most of our oversea sales are made in US$ and most of our expenses are paid in RMB, devaluation of the US$ could negatively impact our results of operations.
The value of RMB is subject to changes in China’s governmental policies and to international economic and political developments. In January 1994, the PRC government implemented a unitary managed floating rate system. Under this system, the People’s Bank of China, or PBOC, began publishing a daily Base Exchange Rate with reference primarily to the supply and demand of RMB against the US$ and other foreign currencies in the market during the previous day. Authorized banks and financial institutions are allowed to quote buy and sell rates for RMB within a specified band around the central bank’s daily exchange rate. On July 21, 2005, PBOC announced an adjustment of the exchange rate of the US$ to RMB and modified the system by which the exchange rates are determined, which has resulted in an appreciation of the RMB against the US$. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the exchange rate of the RMB to the US$ decreased approximately 6.4% from the level at the end of December 31, 2016. While the international reaction to the RMB revaluation has generally been positive, there remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt an even more flexible currency policy, which could result in further fluctuations of the exchange rate of the US$ against the RMB, including future devaluations. Because most of our net sales are made in US$ and most of our expenses are paid in RMB, any future devaluation of the US$ against the RMB could negatively impact our results of operations. Moreover, any affirmative actions by the U.S. Government against the PRC in relation to the exchange rate could negatively impact our results of operations.
Inflation in the PRC could negatively affect our profitability and growth.
While the PRC economy has experienced rapid growth, such growth has been uneven among various sectors of the economy and in different geographical areas of the country. Rapid economic growth can lead to growth in the money supply and rising inflation. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, China’s Average Consumer Price Index was approximately 1.6% in 2017. If prices for our products and services rise at a rate that is insufficient to compensate for the rise in the costs of supplies such as raw materials, it may have an adverse effect on our profitability.
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Because our funds are held in banks which do not provide insurance, the failure of any bank in which we deposit our funds could affect our ability to continue in business.
Banks and other financial institutions in the PRC do not provide insurance for funds held on deposit. A significant portion of our assets are in the form of cash deposited with banks in the PRC, and in the event of a bank failure, we may not have access to our funds on deposit. Depending upon the amount of money we maintain in a bank that fails, our inability to have access to our cash could impair our operations, and, if we are not able to access funds to pay suppliers, employees and other creditors, we may be unable to continue in business.
Failure to comply with the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
As our ultimate holding company is a Delaware corporation, we are subject to the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which generally prohibits United States companies from engaging in bribery or other prohibited payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Foreign companies, including some that may compete with us, are not subject to these prohibitions. Corruption, extortion, bribery, pay-offs, theft and other fraudulent practices may occur from time-to-time in the PRC. We can make no assurance, however, that our employees or other agents will not engage in such conduct for which we might be held responsible. If our employees or other agents are found to have engaged in such practices, we could suffer severe penalties and other consequences that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We have received certain preferential tax concessions and the loss of these preferential tax concessions will cause our tax liabilities to increase and our profitability to decline.
In China, the companies granted with National High-tech Enterprise status (“NHTE”) enjoy a 15% income tax rate. This status needs to be renewed every three years. As of December 31, 2017, all of our subsidiaries located in China received NHTE status. The loss of the preferential tax treatment will increase our tax liabilities and reduce our profitability.
Under the EIT Law, Highpower International and HKHTC may be classified as “resident enterprises” of China for tax purpose, which may subject Highpower International and HKHTC to PRC income tax on taxable global income.
Under the EIT law and its implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, enterprises are classified as resident enterprises and non-resident enterprises. An enterprise established outside of China with its “de facto management bodies” located within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese domestic enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management body as a managing body that in practice exercises “substantial and overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties” of the enterprise. Due to the short history of the EIT Law and lack of applicable legal precedents, it remains unclear how the PRC tax authorities will determine the PRC tax resident treatment of a foreign company such as Highpower International and HKHTC. Both Highpower International and HKHTC’s members of management are located in China. If the PRC tax authorities determine that Highpower International or HKHTC is a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of PRC tax consequences could follow. First, they may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on their worldwide taxable income, including interest income on the proceeds from this offering, as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. Second, the EIT Law provides that dividend paid between “qualified resident enterprises” is exempted from enterprise income tax. A recent circular issued by the State Administration of Taxation regarding the standards used to classify certain Chinese-invested enterprises controlled by Chinese enterprises or Chinese group enterprises and established outside of China as “resident enterprises” clarified that dividends and other income paid by such “resident enterprises” will be considered to be PRC source income, subject to PRC withholding tax, currently at a rate of 10%, when recognized by non-PRC shareholders. It is unclear whether the dividends that Highpower International or HKHTC receive from SZ Highpower and SZ Springpower will constitute dividends between “qualified resident enterprises” and would therefore qualify for tax exemption, because the definition of qualified resident enterprises is unclear and the relevant PRC government authorities have not yet issued guidance with respect to the processing of outbound remittances to entities that are treated as resident enterprises for PRC enterprise income tax purposes. We are actively monitoring the possibility of “resident enterprise” treatment for the applicable tax years and are evaluating appropriate organizational changes to avoid this treatment, to the extent possible. As a result of the EIT Law, our historical operating results will not be indicative of our operating results for future periods and the value of our common stock may be adversely affected.
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Dividends payable by us to our foreign investors and any gain on the sale of our shares may be subject to taxes under PRC tax laws.
If dividends payable to our shareholders are treated as income derived from sources within China, then the dividends that shareholders receive from us, and any gain on the sale or transfer of our shares, may be subject to taxes under PRC tax laws.
Under the EIT Law and its implementing rules, PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 10% is applicable to dividends payable by us to our investors that are non-resident enterprises so long as such non-resident enterprise investors do not have an establishment or place of business in China or, despite the existence of such establishment of place of business in China, the relevant income is not effectively connected with such establishment or place of business in China, to the extent that such dividends have their sources within the PRC. Similarly, any gain realized on the transfer of our shares by such investors is also subject to a 10% PRC income tax if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within China and Highpower International is considered as a resident enterprise which is domiciled in China for tax purpose. Additionally, there is a possibility that the relevant PRC tax authorities may take the view that the Highpower International and HKHTC are holding SZ Highpower, SZ Springpower and ICON, and the capital gain derived by our overseas shareholders or investors from the share transfer is deemed China-sourced income, in which case such capital gain may be subject to a PRC withholding tax at the rate of up to 10%. If we are required under the EIT Law to withhold PRC income tax on our dividends payable to our foreign shareholders or investors who are non-resident enterprises, or if investors are required to pay PRC income tax on the transfer or our shares under the circumstances mentioned above, the value of investors’ investment in our shares may be materially and adversely affected.
A downturn in the economy of the PRC may slow our growth and profitability.
The growth of the Chinese economy has been uneven across geographic regions and economic sectors. There can be no assurance that growth of the Chinese economy will be steady or that any downturn will not have a negative effect on our business, especially if it results in either a decreased use of our products or in pressure on us to lower our prices.
Because our business is located in the PRC, we may have difficulty establishing adequate management, legal and financial controls, which are required in order to comply with U.S. securities laws.
PRC companies have historically not adopted a western style of management and financial reporting concepts and practices, which includes strong corporate governance, internal controls and, computer, financial and other control systems. Most of our middle and top management staff are not educated and trained in the Western system, and we may have difficulty in hiring new employees in the PRC with such training. In addition, we may have difficulty in hiring and retaining a sufficient number of qualified employees to work in the PRC. As a result of these factors, we may experience difficulty in establishing management, legal and financial controls, collecting financial data and preparing financial statements, books of account and corporate records and instituting business practices that meet Western standards. Therefore, we may, in turn, experience difficulties in implementing and maintaining adequate internal controls as required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. This may result in significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal controls which could impact the reliability of our financial statements and prevent us from complying with SEC rules and regulations and the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Any such deficiencies, weaknesses or lack of compliance could have a materially adverse effect on our business.
Investors may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in China based upon U.S. laws, including the federal securities laws or other foreign laws against us or our management.
Most of our current operations, including the manufacture and distribution of our products, are conducted in China. Moreover, most of our directors and officers are nationals and residents of China Mainland or Hong Kong. All or substantially all of the assets of these persons are located outside the United States and in the PRC. As a result, it may not be possible to effect service of process within the United States or elsewhere outside China upon these persons. In addition, uncertainties exist as to whether the courts of China would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us or such officers and/or directors predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof, or be competent to hear original actions brought in China against us or such persons predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof.
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Contract drafting, interpretation and enforcement in China involve significant uncertainties.
We have entered into numerous contracts governed by PRC law, many of which are material to our business. As compared with contracts in the United States, contracts governed by PRC law tend to contain less detail and are not as comprehensive in defining contracting parties’ rights and obligations. As a result, contracts in China are more vulnerable to disputes and legal challenges. In addition, contract interpretation and enforcement in China is not as developed as in the United States, and the result of any contract dispute is subject to significant uncertainties. Therefore, we cannot assure that we will not be subject to disputes under our material contracts, and if such disputes arise, we cannot assure that we will prevail.
We could be liable for damages for defects in our products pursuant to the Tort Liability Law of the PRC
The Tort Liability Law of the People’s Republic of China, which was passed during the 12th Session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People’s Congress on December 26, 2009, states that manufacturers are liable for damages caused by defects in their products and sellers are liable for damages attributable to their fault. If the defects are caused by the fault of third parties such as the transporter or storekeeper, manufacturers and sellers are entitled to claim for compensation from these third parties after paying the compensation amount.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR CAPITAL STRUCTURE
The price of our common stock is volatile and investors might not be able to resell their securities at or above the price they have paid.
Since our initial public offering and listing of our common stock in October 2007, the price at which our common stock had traded has been highly volatile, with the lowest and highest sales price of $0.92 and $9.82, respectively. Investors might not be able to resell the shares of our common stock at or above the price they have paid. The stock market has experienced extreme volatility that often has been unrelated to the performance of its listed companies. Moreover, only a limited number of our shares are traded each day, which could increase the volatility of the price of our stock. These market fluctuations might cause our stock price to fall regardless of our performance. The market price of our common stock might fluctuate significantly in response to many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the following:
| · | Actual or anticipated fluctuations in our annual and quarterly results of operations; |
| · | Changes in securities analysts’ expectations; |
| · | Variations in our operating results, which could cause us to fail to meet analysts’ or investors’ expectations; |
| · | Announcements by our competitors or us of significant new products, contracts, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; |
| · | Conditions and trends in our industry; |
| · | General market, economic, industry and political conditions; |
| · | Changes in market values of comparable companies; |
| · | Additions or departures of key personnel; |
| · | Stock market price and volume fluctuations attributable to inconsistent trading volume levels; and |
| · | Future sales of equity or debt securities, including sales which dilute existing investors. |
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A few principal stockholders have significant influence over us.
Three of our stockholders beneficially own or control approximately 32.5% of our outstanding shares. If these stockholders were to act as a group, they would have a controlling influence in determining the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors, and other significant corporate actions. Such stockholders may also have the power to prevent or cause a change in control. In addition, without the consent of these three stockholders, we could be prevented from entering into transactions that could be beneficial to us. The interests of these three stockholders may differ from the interests of our other stockholders.
Compliance with changing regulation of corporate governance and public disclosure will result in additional expenses.
Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related SEC regulations, have created uncertainty for public companies and significantly increased the costs and risks associated with accessing the public markets and public reporting. Our management team has to invest significant management time and financial resources to comply with both existing and evolving standards for public companies, which will lead to increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue generating activities to compliance activities.
If we fail to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, the price of our common stock may be adversely affected.
We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting. Failure to establish those controls, or any failure of those controls once established, could adversely impact our public disclosures regarding our business, financial condition or results of operations. Any failure of these controls could also prevent us from maintaining accurate accounting records and discovering accounting errors and financial frauds. Rules adopted by the SEC pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 require annual assessment of our internal control over financial reporting. The standards that must be met for management to assess the internal control over financial reporting as effective are complex, and require significant documentation, testing and possible remediation to meet the detailed standards. We may encounter problems or delays in completing activities necessary to make an assessment of our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the attestation process by our independent registered public accountants is new and we may encounter problems or delays in completing the implementation of any requested improvements and receiving an attestation of our assessment by our independent registered public accountants. If we cannot assess our internal control over financial reporting as effective, or our independent registered public accountants are unable to provide an unqualified attestation report on such assessment, investor confidence and share value may be negatively impacted.
In addition, management’s assessment of internal controls over financial reporting may identify weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed in our internal controls over financial reporting or other matters that may raise concerns for investors. Any actual or perceived weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed in our internal control over financial reporting, disclosure of management’s assessment of our internal controls over financial reporting, or disclosure of our public accounting firm’s attestation to or report on management’s assessment of our internal controls over financial reporting may have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.
Under our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan we may grant securities to compensate employees and other services providers, which could result in increased share-based compensation expenses and, therefore, reduce net income.
Under current accounting rules, we would be required to recognize share-based compensation as compensation expense in our statement of operations, based on the fair value of equity awards on the date of the grant, and recognize the compensation expense over the period in which the recipient is required to provide service in exchange for the equity award. We made grants of equity awards in 2016 and 2017, and accordingly our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2017 contain share-based compensation charges. If we grant equity compensation to attract and retain key personnel, the expenses associated with share-based compensation may adversely affect our net income. However, if we do not grant equity compensation, we may not be able to attract and retain key personnel or be forced to expend cash or other compensation instead. Furthermore, the issuance of equity awards would dilute the stockholders’ ownership interests in our company.
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Our certificate of incorporation, bylaws, Stockholder Rights Agreement and Delaware law may have anti-takeover effects that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control, which may cause our stock price to decline.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if closing such a transaction would be beneficial to our stockholders. We are authorized to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock. This preferred stock may be issued in one or more series, the terms of which may be determined at the time of issuance by our board of directors without further action by stockholders. The terms of any series of preferred stock may include voting rights (including the right to vote as a series on particular matters), preferences as to dividend, liquidation, conversion and redemption rights and sinking fund provisions. No preferred stock is currently outstanding. The issuance of any preferred stock could materially adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock, and therefore, reduce the value of our common stock. In particular, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell our assets to, a third party and thereby preserve control by the present management.
Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law also could have the effect of discouraging potential acquisition proposals or making a tender offer or delaying or preventing a change in control, including changes a stockholder might consider favorable. Such provisions may also prevent or frustrate attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our management. In particular, the certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law, as applicable, among other things:
| · | provide the board of directors with the ability to alter the bylaws without stockholder approval; |
| · | place limitations on the removal of directors; and |
| · | provide that vacancies on the board of directors may be filled by a majority of directors in office, although less than a quorum. |
On September 12, 2017, we entered into a Rights Agreement (the “Rights Agreement”) with Corporate Stock Transfer, Inc., as rights agent, and our Board of Directors declared a dividend distribution of one right for each outstanding share of the common stock to holders of record at the close of business on September 21, 2017. Each right is attached to and trades with the associated share of common stock. The rights will become exercisable only if a person acquires beneficial ownership of 15% or more of our common stock (or, in the case of a person who beneficially owned 15% or more of our common stock on the date the rights plan was adopted, such person acquires beneficial ownership of any additional shares of our common stock) or after the date of the Rights Agreement, commences a tender offer that, if consummated, would result in beneficial ownership by a person of 15% or more of our common stock. The rights will expire on September 12, 2020, unless the rights are earlier redeemed or exchanged.
The intent of the Rights Plan is to protect our stockholders’ interests by encouraging anyone seeking control of our company to negotiate with our Board of Directors. However, our Rights Agreement could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us without the consent of our Board of Directors, even if doing so may be beneficial to our stockholders. This agreement may discourage, delay or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt, including offers or attempts that could result in a premium over the market price of our common stock. This agreement could reduce the price that stockholders might be willing to pay for shares of our common stock in the future. Furthermore, the anti-takeover provisions of our Rights Agreement may entrench management and make it more difficult to replace management even if the stockholders consider it beneficial to do so.
We are also subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law which, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits “business combinations” between a publicly-held Delaware corporation and an “interested stockholder,” which is generally defined as a stockholder who becomes a beneficial owner of 15% or more of a Delaware corporation’s voting stock for a three-year period following the date that such stockholder became an interested stockholder.
Any delay or prevention of a change of control transaction or changes in our Board of Directors or management could deter potential acquirers or prevent the completion of a transaction in which our stockholders could receive a substantial premium over the then current market price for their shares.
We do not foresee paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future and, as a result, our investors’ sole source of gain, if any, will depend on capital appreciation, if any.
We do not plan to declare or pay any cash dividends on our shares of common stock in the foreseeable future and currently intend to retain any future earnings for funding growth. As a result, Investors should not rely on an investment in our securities if they require the investment to produce dividend income. Capital appreciation, if any, of our shares may be investors’ sole source of gain for the foreseeable future. Moreover, investors may not be able to resell their shares in our company at or above the price they paid for them.
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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.
The Company currently has four active manufacturing operations located in mainland China in the cities of Shenzhen and Huizhou located in the Guangdong province. HKHTC’s registered office is located in Hong Kong. Our active facilities consist of manufacturing plants, dormitories and research and development facilities. We lease manufacturing facilities with varying terms ranging, which are renewed upon expiration. All leases have been fully prepaid until the expiration date, and we will renew all the leases before the expiration date.
In China, only the PRC government and peasant collectives may own land. In February 2007, the Company acquired approximately 126,605 square meters (1,362,765 square feet) of land equity in Huizhou, Guangdong province, China for a total of RMB21.5 million ($3.3 million) under a land use right grant from the Huizhou State-Owned Land Resource Bureau that gave us the right to use the land for 50 years and an agreement with the government of Maan Town. In the event we wish to continue to use the land after the 50-year period, we must apply for an extension at least one year prior to the land grant’s expiration.
Our rights with respect to the land use right grant permit us to develop the land and construct buildings for industrial applications. We have the right to transfer or rent the land and use it as collateral for our loans.
On January 14, 2016, FirsTrust China, Ltd (“FirsTrust”) filed an amended complaint in the Delaware Chancery Court (amending its initial complaint filed February 25, 2015) naming Highpower as the defendant asserting a cause of action for breach of contract and conversion of stock, and seeking damages in the form of issuance of 150,000 shares or the value of such shares, plus interest thereon, attorneys’ fees and costs and expenses. On February 4, 2016, Highpower filed an answer, affirmative defenses and counterclaim against FirsTrust asserting claims for equitable rescission, declaratory relief and breach of contract, and seeking rescission of the contract, return of the 200,000 warrants and 150,000 shares of Highpower stock previously issued to FirsTrust, plus interest, attorneys’ fees and costs and expenses. On January 24, 2017, the court denied FirsTrust’s motion for judgment on the pleadings. On January 19, 2018, the parties engaged in a court-sponsored mediation, which resulted in a settlement of all claims between the parties, the basic terms of which are evidenced by a “term sheet”. As part of the settlement, Highpower agreed to pay to FirsTrust the equivalent of $450,000 in Highpower’s common stock, with a portion payable in cash, at Highpower’s option. The settlement amount will be paid in two installments, with $212,500 payable in the form of 50,000 shares of common stock based on $4.25 per share to be paid as the first installment and a second installment of $237,500, or shares equal to that amount, to be paid within six months. The parties are currently working on a long form settlement agreement.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON STOCK, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Market under the stock symbol “HPJ”.
The following table summarizes the highest and lowest sales prices of our common stock during the quarters listed below as reported by the NASDAQ:
| Highest | Lowest | |||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2017 | ||||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 4.90 | $ | 2.10 | ||||
| Second Quarter | $ | 5.70 | $ | 3.60 | ||||
| Third Quarter | $ | 5.20 | $ | 3.25 | ||||
| Fourth Quarter | $ | 5.75 | $ | 3.65 | ||||
| Year ended December 31, 2016 | ||||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 3.12 | $ | 1.65 | ||||
| Second Quarter | $ | 3.07 | $ | 1.65 | ||||
| Third Quarter | $ | 3.64 | $ | 1.78 | ||||
| Fourth Quarter | $ | 3.14 | $ | 2.25 | ||||
The stock market in general has experienced extreme stock price fluctuations in the past few years. In some cases, these fluctuations have been unrelated to the operating performance of the affected companies. Many companies have experienced dramatic volatility in the market prices of their common stock. We believe that a number of factors, both within and outside our control, could cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate, perhaps substantially. Factors such as the following could have a significant adverse impact on the market price of our common stock:
| · | Our financial position and results of operations; |
| · | Our ability to obtain additional financing and, if available, the terms and conditions of the financing; |
| · | Concern as to, or other evidence of, the reliability and efficiency of our proposed products or our competitors’ products; |
| · | Announcements of innovations or new products by us or our competitors; |
| · | Federal and state governmental regulatory actions and the impact of such requirements on our business; |
| · | The development of litigation against us; |
| · | Period-to-period fluctuations in our operating results; |
| · | Changes in estimates of our performance by any securities analysts; |
| · | The issuance of new equity securities pursuant to a future offering or acquisition; | |
| · | Changes in interest rates; |
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| · | Competitive developments, including announcements by competitors of new products or significant contracts, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; |
| · | Investor perceptions of our company; and |
| · | General economic and other national conditions. |
Stockholders
As of April 4, 2018, we had 20 stockholders of record. This number does not include an indeterminate number of stockholders whose shares are held by brokers in street name.
Dividends
We do not expect to declare or pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, and we currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion of our business. The decision whether to pay cash dividends on our common stock will be made by our board of directors, at its discretion, and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and other factors that the board of directors considers significant.
We did not pay cash dividends in the years ended December 31, 2017 or 2016.
Transfer Agent
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
Our equity compensation plan information is provided as set forth in Part III, Item 11 herein.
Additional Information
Copies of our annual reports, quarterly reports, current reports, and any amendments to those reports, are available free of charge on the Internet at www.sec.gov. All statements made in any of our filings, including all forward-looking statements, are made as of the date of the document, in which the statement is included, and we do not assume or undertake any obligation to update any of those statements or documents unless we are required to do so by law.
ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
Not applicable for a smaller reporting company.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s historical results of operations and liquidity and capital resources should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of the Company and notes thereto appearing elsewhere herein. The following discussion and analysis also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. See “Forward Looking Statements” that precedes Item 1 above on page ii.
Overview
In 2017, Highpower’s overall revenue increased by $70.3 million or 40.4% compared to 2016. The main driver was our lithium business and new materials business. Lithium business net sales increased by $49.5 million, or 44.2% during 2017 compared to 2016. New materials business net sales increased by $24.5 million, or 543.2% during 2017 compared to 2016, which experienced an increase in larger volume orders with support from the new largest shareholder of GZ Highpower.
Ni-MH batteries and accessories net sales decreased by $3.7 million or 6.5%, during 2017 compared to 2016, which was in line with the whole industry trend.
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The descriptions of the reportable segments have been changed from Lithium Batteries and Ni-MH Batteries to Lithium Business and Ni-MH Batteries and Accessories, respectively. Lithium Business mainly consists of lithium batteries, power storage system and power source solutions. Ni-MH Batteries and Accessories mainly consists of Ni-MH rechargeable batteries, sized batteries in blister packing as well as chargers and battery packs.
Gross profit during 2017 was $47.4 million, or 19.4% of net sales, compared to $38.1 million, or 21.9% of net sales in 2016. This decrease of gross profit margin was mainly due to the product mix and the high raw material price. The actions which we had taken to offset material price fluctuation expired gradually in the third quarter of 2017. Our gross profit margin was 14.9% in the fourth quarter of 2017 was due to the raw material price remains on high level and a substantial increase in new materials business which had a low gross profit margin. As we expected in the 10-Q of the third quarter of 2017, our gross profit margin was 17.0% after excluding new materials business in the fourth quarter of 2017.
For 2018, we will continue to drive business growth. As the raw material price may be still at a high level, we will strive to balance our selling price and customer expectation carefully. At same time, we will seek to continuously improve our labor efficiency and improve material usage for better gross margin.
Deconsolidation of GZ Highpower
On December 11, 2017, GZ Highpower signed the Agreement with Xiamen Tungsten and Mr. Ou, the General Manager of GZ Highpower. Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, GZ Highpower received a total of RMB92.8 million (approximately $14.3 million), including RMB78.9 million (approximately $12.1 million) from Xiamen Tungsten in exchange for 55.294% ownership of GZ Highpower. The Transaction was completed on December 21, 2017. After the Transaction, the Company no longer holds the controlling equity interest of GZ Highpower and deconsolidated GZ Highpower. As of December 31, 2017, the Company held 31.294% of the equity interest of GZ Highpower which was recorded under the equity method.
In connection with the Transaction, RMB 40 million (approximately $6.1 million) of the proceeds was received by the Company in the form of repayments of loans and related interests that were previously extended by the Company to GZ Highpower.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized a gain amounting to $6,004,008 arising from deconsolidation of GZ Highpower.
Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates and Assumptions
The SEC defines critical accounting policies as those that are, in management's view, most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and those that require significant judgments and estimates.
The accounting principles we utilized in preparing our consolidated financial statements conform in all material respects to U.S GAAP.
Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, the allowance for doubtful receivables; recoverability of the carrying amount of inventory; fair value of financial instruments; provisional amounts based on reasonable estimates for certain income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) and the assessment of deferred tax assets or liabilities. These estimates are often based on complex judgments and assumptions that management believes to be reasonable but are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Accounts Receivable. Accounts receivable are stated at original amount less an allowance made for doubtful receivables, if any, based on a review of all outstanding amounts at the period end. An allowance is also made when there is objective evidence that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of receivables. The Company analyzes the aging of the customer accounts, coverage of credit insurance, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness, historical and current economic trends and changes in its customer payment patterns when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts.
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Revenue Recognition. The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the sales price is fixed or determinable, delivery of the product has occurred, title and risk of loss have transferred to the customers and collectability of the receivable is reasonably assured. The majority of domestic sales contracts transfer title and risk of loss to customers upon receipt of product by customer. The majority of oversea sales contracts transfer title and risk of loss to customers when goods were delivered to the carriers. Revenue is presented net of sales tax and value added tax.
The Company does not have arrangements for returns from customers and does not have any future obligations directly or indirectly related to product resale by customers. The Company has no sales incentive programs.
Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. Inventories include raw materials, packing materials, consumables, work in progress, and finished goods. The variable production overhead is allocated to each unit of production on the basis of the actual use of the production facilities. The allocation of fixed production overhead to the costs of conversion is based on the normal capacity of the production facilities.
Where there is evidence that the utility of inventories, in their disposal in the ordinary course of business, will be less than cost, whether due to physical deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price levels, or other causes, the inventories are written down to net realizable value.
Income Taxes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates, applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions. Highpower’s functional currency is the US$. HKHTC's functional currency is the Hong Kong dollar ("HK$"). The functional currency of the Highpower’s other direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries in the PRC is the RMB.
Most of the Company’s oversea sales are priced and settled with US$. At the date a foreign currency transaction is recognized, each asset, liability, revenue, expense, gain, or loss arising from the transaction is measured initially in the functional currency of the recording entity by use of the exchange rate in effect at that date. The increase or decrease in expected functional currency cash flows upon settlement of a transaction resulting from a change in exchange rates between the functional currency and the currency in which the transaction is denominated is recognized as foreign currency transaction gain or loss that is included in earnings for the period in which the exchange rate changes. At each balance sheet date, recorded balances that are denominated in a foreign currency are adjusted to reflect the current exchange rate.
The Company’s reporting currency is US$. Assets and liabilities of HKHTC and the PRC subsidiaries are translated at the current exchange rate at the balance sheet dates, revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates during the reporting periods, and equity accounts are translated at historical rates. Translation adjustments are reported in other comprehensive income.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herewith.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth the consolidated statements of operations of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, both in US$ and as a percentage of net sales.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
| (Dollars in Thousands, Except Diluted Earnings per Common Stock attributable to the Company) | For the years Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | Increased (decreased) % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | 244,166 | 100.0 | % | 173,851 | 100 | % | 40.4 | % | ||||||||||||
| Cost of Sales | (196,792 | ) | (80.6 | %) | (135,769 | ) | (78.1 | %) | 44.9 | % | ||||||||||
| Gross profit | 47,374 | 19.4 | % | 38,082 | 21.9 | % | 24.4 | % | ||||||||||||
| Research and development expenses | (9,512 | ) | (3.9 | %) | (9,244 | ) | (5.3 | %) | 2.9 | % | ||||||||||
| Selling and distribution expenses | (7,501 | ) | (3.1 | %) | (6,888 | ) | (4.0 | %) | 8.9 | % | ||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | (15,394 | ) | (6.3 | %) | (18,186 | ) | (10.4 | %) | (15.4 | %) | ||||||||||
| Foreign currency transaction (loss) gain | (2,390 | ) | (1.0 | %) | 1,959 | 1.1 | % | (222.0 | %) | |||||||||||
| Income from operations | 12,577 | 5.2 | % | 5,723 | 3.3 | % | 119.7 | % | ||||||||||||
| Changes in fair value of warrant liability | - | 0.0 | % | 140 | 0.1 | % | (100.0 | %) | ||||||||||||
| Changes in fair value of foreign currency derivatives | 273 | 0.1 | % | - | - | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| Government grants | 1,358 | 0.6 | % | 1,763 | 1.0 | % | (22.9 | %) | ||||||||||||
| Other income | 459 | 0.2 | % | 509 | 0.3 | % | (10.0 | %) | ||||||||||||
| Equity in earnings of investee | 107 | 0.0 | % | 352 | 0.2 | % | (69.5 | %) | ||||||||||||
| Gain on dilution in equity method investee | 500 | 0.2 | % | - | - | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on sales of long-term investment | 1,677 | 0.7 | % | - | - | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on deconsolidation of a subsidiary | 6,004 | 2.5 | % | - | - | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expenses | (1,426 | ) | (0.6 | %) | (1,420 | ) | (0.8 | %) | 0.5 | % | ||||||||||
| Income before taxes | 21,529 | 8.8 | % | 7,067 | 4.1 | % | 204.6 | % | ||||||||||||
| Income tax expenses | (4,315 | ) | (1.8 | %) | (1,439 | ) | (0.9 | %) | 199.8 | % | ||||||||||
| Net income | 17,214 | 7.1 | % | 5,628 | 3.2 | % | 205.9 | % | ||||||||||||
| Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | 441 | 0.2 | % | (490 | ) | (0.3 | %) | 190.0 | % | |||||||||||
| Net income attributable to the Company | 16,773 | 6.9 | % | 6,118 | 3.5 | % | 174.2 | % | ||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per common stock attributable to the Company | 1.09 | 0.40 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Net sales
Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2017 were $244.2 million compared to $173.9 million for the comparable period in 2016, an increase of $70.3 million, or 40.4%. The increase was driven by our lithium business and new materials business, which was partially offset decrease in net sales by Ni-MH batteries and accessories. Lithium business net sales increased by $49.5 million, or 44.2%, during the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 2016, which was due to the increase in the number of lithium batteries units sold. New materials business net sales increased by $24.5 million, or 543.2%, during the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 2016, which was primarily driven by increasing demand and increasing sales price of precious metal materials. Ni-MH batteries and accessories net sales decreased by $3.7 million, or 6.5%, during the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 2016, which was in line with the whole industry trend.
Gross profit
Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $47.4 million, or 19.4% of net sales, compared to $38.1 million, or 21.9% of net sales, respectively, for the comparable period in 2016. This decrease of gross profit margin was mainly due to the product mix and the high raw material price.
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses were $9.5 million, or 3.9% of net sales, for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $9.2 million, or 5.3% of net sales, for the comparable period in 2016. The Company will continue to invest on R&D activities in the future.
Selling and distribution expenses
Selling and distribution expenses were $7.5 million, or 3.1% of net sales, for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $6.9 million, or 4.0% of net sales, for the comparable period in 2016. The decrease of percent of net sales was attributable to our optimization of our customer base.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses were $15.4 million, or 6.3% of net sales, for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $18.2 million, or 10.4% of net sales, for the comparable period in 2016. This decrease was primarily due to the one-time expenses in 2016, including impairment loss of machinery and equipment and allowance for doubtful accounts that amounted to $0.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively. The Company expects that general and administrative expenses will remain stable even though the business continues to grow.
Foreign currency transaction (loss) gain
We experienced a loss of $2.4 million and a gain of $2.0 million on the foreign currency transaction between the US$ and the RMB for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The (loss) gain on the foreign currency transaction was due to the influence of the RMB relative to the US$ over the respective periods.
Changes in fair value in foreign currency derivatives
Changes in fair value in foreign currency derivatives were $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Government grants
Government grants were $1.4 million and $1.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
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Other income
Other income, which consists of interest income and sundry income, was $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
Equity in earnings of investee
Equity in earnings of investee, the former equity method investee (Yipeng), was $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $0.4 million for the comparable period in 2016.
Gain on dilution in equity method investee
Gain on dilution in equity method investee, which was due to the equity issuance of Yipeng to a third party, was $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Gain on sales of long-term investment
Gain on sales of long-term investment, which was due to sale the equity of Yipeng to a third party, was $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Gain on deconsolidation of a subsidiary
Gain on deconsolidation of a subsidiary, GZ Highpower, was $6.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Interest expenses
Interest expenses were $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
Income tax expenses
During the year ended December 31, 2017, we recorded a provision for income tax expense of $4.3 million as compared to $1.4 million for the comparable period in 2016.
Net income
Net income attributable to the Company (excluding net loss attributable to non-controlling interest) for the year ended December 31, 2017 was $16.8 million compared to net income attributable to the Company (excluding net loss attributable to non-controlling interest) of $6.1 million for the comparable period in 2016.
Reconciliation of Net Income to EBITDA
A table reconciling earnings before interest, income tax, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), a non-GAAP financial measure, to the appropriate GAAP measure is included with the Company's financial information below. EBITDA was derived by taking earnings before interest expense (net), taxes, depreciation and amortization. The presentation of this additional information is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for results prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The Company believes this non-GAAP measure is useful to investors as it provides a basis for evaluating the Company's operating results in the ordinary course of its operations. This non-GAAP measure is not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. The Company believes that non-GAAP measures have limitations in that they do not reflect all of the amounts associated with its results of operations as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP and that these measures should only be used to evaluate the Company's results of operations in conjunction with, and not in lieu of, the corresponding GAAP measures.
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| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Net income attributable to the Company | 16,772,852 | 6,117,927 | ||||||
| Interest expense | 1,426,547 | 1,419,962 | ||||||
| Income taxes expenses | 4,315,325 | 1,439,177 | ||||||
| Depreciation and Amortization | 5,290,980 | 4,937,688 | ||||||
| EBITDA | 27,805,704 | 13,914,754 | ||||||
Key financial items excluding GZ Highpower
The Company deconsolidated GZ Highpower on December 21, 2017. Considered that the Company will no longer present GZ Highpower’s total assets and liabilities and operations and comprehensive incomes upon deconsolidation, the table below shows the comparative figures of key financial items excluding the effect of GZ Highpower:
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| (unaudited) | (unaudited) | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Sales: | ||||||||
| Lithium Business | 161,660,771 | 112,128,757 | ||||||
| Ni-MH Batteries and Accessories | 53,492,309 | 57,211,657 | ||||||
| Sales to GZ Highpower | 746,776 | 367,982 | ||||||
| Net sales (excluding GZ Highpwer) | 215,899,856 | 169,708,396 | ||||||
| Gross profit (excluding GZ Highpwer) | 44,023,549 | 38,455,939 | ||||||
| Gross profit margin (excluding GZ Highpwer) | 20.4 | % | 22.7 | % | ||||
| Net income: | ||||||||
| Net income | 17,213,896 | 5,627,777 | ||||||
| Less: Net income (loss) of GZ Highpower (including transaction with GZ Highpwer) | 1,470,145 | (1,633,834 | ) | |||||
| Net income (excluding GZ Highpwer) | 15,743,751 | 7,261,611 | ||||||
| December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | |||||||
| (unaudited) | (unaudited) | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Total Assets: | ||||||||
| Lithium Business | 171,881,450 | 115,116,508 | ||||||
| Ni-MH Batteries and Accessories (including $8,102,520 investment in GZ Highpower under equity method) | 48,383,088 | 37,994,369 | ||||||
| Amount due from GZ Highpower | - | 6,601,065 | ||||||
| Investment to GZ Highpower | - | 4,028,893 | ||||||
| Total Assets (excluding GZ Highpwer) | 220,264,538 | 163,740,835 | ||||||
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We had cash of approximately $14.5 million as of December 31, 2017, as compared to $9.3 million as of December 31, 2016.
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To provide liquidity and flexibility in funding our operations, we borrow funds under bank facilities and other external sources of financing. As of December 31, 2017, we had lines of credit with eight financial institutions aggregating $79.8 million. The maturities of these facilities vary from March 2018 to July 2019. The facilities are subject to regular review and approval. Certain of these bank facilities are guaranteed by our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Dang Yu Pan and his wife, pledged by land use right and buildings, and contain customary affirmative and negative covenants for secured credit facilities of this type. Interest rates are generally based on the banks’ reference lending rates. No significant commitment fees are required to be paid for the bank facilities. As of December 31, 2017, we had utilized approximately $48.5 million under such general credit facilities and had available unused credit facilities of $31.3 million. The Company’s debt asset ratio dropped to 69.5% as of December 31, 2017, which decreased by 2.8% as compared to a debt asset ratio of 72.3% as of December 31, 2016.
For the year ended December 31, 2017, net cash used in operating activities was approximately $4.1 million, as compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $4.8 million for the comparable period in 2016. The net cash increase of $8.9 million used in operating activities is primarily due to an increase of $20.3 million in cash outflow from inventories, an increase of $14.6 million in cash inflow from amount due from related parties, and an increase of $3.2 million in cash outflow from amount due to a related party.
Net cash used in investing activities was $4.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $11.5 million for the comparable period in 2016. The net cash decrease of $7.2 million used in investing activities is primarily attributable to an increase of $10.5 million in cash inflow from proceeds from sale of long-term investments.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $11.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $10.1 million for the comparable period in 2016. The net increase of $1.5 million cash provided by financing activities was primarily attributable to an increase of $5.9 million in cash inflow proceeds from non-financial institution borrowings.
For fiscal year 2017 and 2016, our inventory turnover was 6.0 and 6.6 times, respectively. The average days outstanding of our accounts receivable at December 31, 2017 was 77 days, as compared to 85 days at December 31, 2016. Inventory turnover and average days outstanding of accounts receivables are key operating measures that management relies on to monitor our business.
The accounts receivable and inventory turnover ratios have critical influence on the working capital. We provide our major customers with payment terms ranging from 30 to 90 days. Additionally, our production lead time is approximately 30 to 40 days, from the inspection of incoming materials, to production, testing and packaging. We need to keep a large supply of raw materials, work in process and finished goods inventory on hand to ensure timely delivery of our products to customers. We use two methods to support our working capital needs: (i) paying our suppliers under payment terms ranging from 60 to 120 days; and (ii) using short-term bank loans. Upon receiving payment for our accounts receivable, we pay our short-term loans. Our working capital management practices are designed to ensure that we maintain sufficient working capital.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet debt, nor do we have any transactions, arrangements or relationships with any special purpose entities.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Credit Risk
We are exposed to credit risk from our cash at bank, fixed deposits and accounts receivable. The credit risk on cash at bank and fixed deposits is limited because the counterparts are recognized financial institutions. Accounts receivable are subject to credit evaluations. We periodically record a provision for doubtful collections based on an evaluation of the collectability of accounts receivable by assessing, among other factors, the customer’s willingness or ability to pay, repayment history, general economic conditions and our ongoing relationship with the customers. We also work with Chinese Export & Credit Insurance Corporation to control credit risk from accounts receivable.
Foreign Currency and Exchange Risk
Though the reporting currency is the US$, the Company maintains its financial records in the functional currency of RMB. Substantially all of our operations are conducted in the PRC and we pay the majority of our expenses in RMB. Approximately 40% of our sales are made in US$. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the exchange rate of the RMB to the US$ appreciated approximately 6.4% from the level at the end of December 31, 2016. Appreciation of the RMB against the US$ would increase our costs when translated into US$ and could adversely affect our margins unless we make sufficient offsetting sales. Exchange rate fluctuations may also affect the value, in US$ terms, of our net assets. In addition, the RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currency and all foreign exchange transactions must take place through authorized institutions. Due to the volatility of the US$ to our functional currency, the Company placed a purchasing forward exchange contracts to attempt to protect it from significant changes to the US$ which affects the value of its US$ receivables and sales.
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Country Risk
The substantial portion of our business, assets and operations are located and conducted in China Mainland. While the economy has experienced significant growth in the past twenty years, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures benefit the overall economy of China Mainland, but may also have a negative effect on Highpower International. For example, Highpower International’s operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations applicable to Highpower International. If there are any changes in any policies by the Chinese government and Highpower International’s business is negatively affected as a result, then Highpower International’s financial results, including our ability to generate revenues and profits, will also be negatively affected.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The information required by this Item 8 is incorporated in this Form 10-K.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed and adopted by management to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is properly recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that all necessary information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f), is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:
| · | Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; |
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| · | Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and |
| · | Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use of disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. |
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Tread way Commission (COSO) in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment, management believes that as of December 31, 2017, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
(c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no significant changes (including corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies) in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2017, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Comprehensive Credit Granting Contract between SZ Highpower and China Minsheng Banking Corp., Ltd. Shenzhen Branch
On November 14, 2017, SZ Highpower entered into a comprehensive credit line contract with China Minsheng Banking Corp., Ltd., Shenzhen Branch, which provides for a revolving line of credit of up to RMB20,000,000 ($3,073,188). The amount may be used for bank acceptance, although the maximum amount that the company may have outstanding under the facility at any given time is RMB20 million. SZ Highpower and its subsidiary HZ HTC or SZ Springpower may withdraw from each loan, from time to time as needed, but must make a specific drawdown application on or before November 14, 2018, after which time the bank may cancel all or part of the facilities. The loan is guaranteed by HZ HTC, SZ Springpower and our Chief Executive Officer, Dang Yu Pan. The line of credit required 40% of deposit, which is not included in the contract amount of line of credit, and actual total line of credit amount up to RMB 33,333,333 ($5,121,980). The used facility was $3,841,485 as of December 31, 2017 which was used for bank acceptance.
The following constitute events of default by SZ Highpower under the loan agreement: the occurrence of significant business difficulties or adverse changes on the financial conditions of SZ Highpower; an adverse change in the SZ Highpower’s business market; any major adjustment of relevant national policies; SZ Highpower violates any other contract or agreement concluded with others, or any commitment or warranty unilaterally made by SZ Highpower, which constitutes breach of other debts or other debts have been or may be announced acceleration by other creditor; the guarantor’s guarantee capacity becomes obviously insufficient, or the guarantor violates the guarantee contract or any obligation specified in the commitments made by the guarantor; any pledged or mortgaged property is damaged or value is obviously decreased, and SZ Highpower fails to provide a new guarantee as required by the bank; SZ Highpower indicates directly or by its conduct that it will not perform its obligations under the contract or other specified contracts with the bank; SZ Highpower’s providing false information or withholding of important financial facts (including balance sheet, profit and loss statement and other important materials), or refusal to accept the bank’s supervision of the use of the loan and the company’s operational and financial activities; SZ Highpower transfers its assets, withdraws funds, evades debts or has any other behavior which damages the bank’s rights and interest; SZ Highpower’s suffering major change in financial conditions, or involving in litigation, arbitration, administrative punishment or other judicial administrative proceedings, which may have adverse impact the execution of the contract; or any adversely affect SZ Highpower’s ability to perform its obligations under the loan facility.
Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the CCL Agreement, the bank may adjust or cancel a credit line, and demand SZ Highpower to prepay all the borrowings having been withdrawn under the contract.
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Maximum Financing Contract between SZ Springpower and Hua Xia Bank Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Branch
On October 23, 2017, SZ Springpower entered into a comprehensive credit line contract with Hua Xia Bank Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Branch, which provides for a revolving line of credit of up to RMB50,000,000 ($7,682,970). SZ Springpower may withdraw from each loan, from time to time as needed, but must make a specific drawdown application on or before October 23, 2018, after which time the bank may cancel all or part of the facilities. The loan is guaranteed by HZ HTC, SZ Springpower, ICON, our Chief Executive Officer, Dang Yu Pan and his wife. The used facility was $2,937,968 as of December 31, 2017 which was used for bank acceptance.
The following constitute events of default by SZ Springpower under the loan agreement: SZ Springpower provides false information or holds back important operational accounting facts; SZ Springpower changes the purpose of the financed capital or uses the financed capital for conducting any illegal or rule-breaking transaction without The bank’s consent; SZ Springpower violates any other contract or agreement concluded with others, or SZ Springpower makes any commitment or warranty unilaterally, which constitutes serious breach of other debts; the guarantee capacity of the guarantor hereunder becomes obviously insufficient, or the pledged or mortgaged property hereunder is expropriated or damaged or its value obviously declines, and SZ Springpower is unable to provide a new guarantee according to The bank’s requirements; during the valid period of this Contract, SZ Springpower expressly indicates or indicates by its acts that SZ Springpower is unable to or fails to perform its obligations specified in this Contract or the specific business contract; SZ Springpower transfers its assets, withdraws funds, evades debts or has any other behavior which damages The bank’s rights and interest; SZ Springpower does not perform its commitments made in this contract or does not perform the obligations agreed in this Contract or a specific business contract; SZ Springpower refuses The bank’s supervision and examination on SZ Springpower’s use of the credit funds and relevant operation and financial activities; SZ Springpower uses a false contract with an affiliated party to discount or pledge on the basis of bill receivable and accounts receivable without real trade background to illegally withdraw The bank's financing; SZ Springpower evades The bank’s obligatory right intentionally through affiliated transaction; SZ Springpower’s operating mode, self system or legal status is changed, including but not limited to contracting, lease, custody, asset reorganization, debt reconstruction, reform of shareholding system, joint operation, consolidation (merger), division, paid transfer of property, joint venture (cooperation), reduce of registered capital, or applying for winding-up, applying for dissolution (or cancellation), applying for reforming, reconciliation and bankruptcy; SZ Springpower has not obtained SZ Springpower’s written consent, hasn’t implemented the liability of repayment of the debts under a specific business contract of this Contract or hasn’t provided a new guarantee accepted by The bank; There is any serious crisis of the overall credit status, operating conditions and financial status of the group customer of SZ Springpower, which causes significant threat to the safety of The bank’s loan; SZ Springpower is unable to or is likely unable to repay the due debt because SZ Springpower sells, transfers or disposes by other means any material assets or SZ Springpower’s operation and financial status becomes worse; or SZ Springpower is involved in any significant economic lawsuit or arbitration and other legal dispute, or is involved in any significant administrative punishment, which serious affects and threatens the realization of the creditor’s rights of The bank; SZ Springpower goes out of business, is dissolved, stops business or is ordered to close, or its business license is revoked or cancelled; SZ Springpower violates any other obligation agreed in this Contract, or the Guarantor hereunder violates any obligation agreed in the guarantee contract, that The bank thinks sufficient to affect realization of its creditor’s rights; SZ Springpower causes a liability accident or a significant environment and social risk incident due to violation of relevant laws, regulations, regulatory provisions or industrial standards for food safety, work safety, environmental protection and management of environment and social risks, which has affected or may affect the performance of obligations under this Contract or a specific business contract.
Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the Maximum Financing Contract, the bank may adjust or cancel a credit line, and demand SZ Highpower to prepay all the borrowings and interests having been withdrawn under the contract.
Comprehensive Credit Contract between HZ HTC and Guangdong Huaxing Bank Co., Ltd. Huizhou Branch
On October 26, 2017, HZ HTC entered into a comprehensive credit line contract with Guangdong Huaxing Bank Co., Ltd. Huizhou Branch, which provides for a revolving line of credit of up to RMB60,000,000 ($9,219,564). HZ HTC may withdraw from each loan, from time to time as needed, but must make a specific drawdown application on or before September 27, 2018, after which time the bank may cancel all or part of the facilities. The comprehensive credit line shall be automatically terminated if the bank does not issue any credit line to HZ HTC prior to March 27, 2018. The loan is guaranteed by SZ Highpower, our Chief Executive Officer, Dang Yu Pan and HZ HTC’s accounts receivable. The used facility was $5,676,178 as of December 31, 2017 which was used for bank acceptance.
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The following constitute events of default by HZ HTC under the loan agreement: HZ HTC violates agreed obligations under this Contract or any specific business contract during the validity of this Contract, or HZ HTC expressly indicates or indicates through its acts that it does not perform the agreed obligations under this Contract or any specific business contract during the validity of this Contract; the relevant certificates and documents submitted by HZ HTC to The bank or the representations, warranties and commitments made by HZ HTC are not true, not accurate or not complete, or have false record, misleading statement or major omission; HZ HTC conceals some important true information, or fails to coordinate The bank’s investigation, examination and inspection; HZ HTC changes the purpose of the loan funds without authorization, or conducts illegal transactions by use of the loan or bank loans; HZ HTC violates any other similar contract (including but not limited to credit contract, loan contract and guarantee contract) concluded and signed with The bank or with any third party, or debt securities issued by HZ HTC, or any dispute arising from such contract or securities is under litigation or arbitration; HZ HTC’s guarantor violates the guarantee contract (including but not limited to guarantee contract, mortgage contract and pledge contract) or has any breach of the guarantee contract, or the guarantee contract has not taken effect, is invalid or is canceled; HZ HTC has any one of the following behaviors, being negligent in managing and claiming the creditor’s right due, or disposing and transferring its main properties free of charge, or at unreasonable low price or by other improper means, or escaping debts; HZ HTC illegally get funds or credit from The bank or other banks by using a false contract and arrangement with a third party (including but not limited to HZ HTC's affiliated parties), including but not limited to pledge or discount of the notes receivable and other claims without actual trading background; HZ HTC evades bank claims through affiliated transactions or by other means; HZ HTC's operation conditions go into major problems, such as deterioration of financial conditions, serious financial losses, loss of assets (including but not limited to loss of assets caused due to external guarantee) or other financial crisis; HZ HTC has any illegal management behavior, and is subject to administrative punishment or criminal sanction, or is being investigated by relevant authorities, or is likely to be subject to administrative punishment or criminal sanction; HZ HTC has the following changes, such as division, consolidation, major merger, acquisition and reconstruction, disposal of major assets, reduction of capital, liquidation, reorganization, being announced bankruptcy or being dissolved; HZ HTC's controlling shareholder or actual controller is changed that The bank thinks having affected or likely to affect realization of creditor's rights hereunder; or there is any significant event of HZ HTC's controlling shareholder, actual controller, legal representative or senior management personnel, including but not limited to due to illegal management behavior, subject to administrative punishment or criminal sanction, or being investigated by relevant authorities, or likely to be subject to administrative punishment or criminal sanction, or is involved in a lawsuit or arbitration case, or serious deterioration of financial conditions, being announced bankruptcy or dissolved; There is adverse change to the industry where HZ HTC is located, which The bank thinks having affected or likely to affect realization of creditor's rights hereunder; HZ HTC fails to handle settlement or deposit or relevant business with The bank according to provisions; other circumstances related to HZ HTC which endanger or likely to endanger realization of creditor’s right.
Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the Comprehensive Credit Contract, the bank may: to adjust, cancel or terminate the comprehensive credit line hereunder, or to adjust the valid period of the line; to announce immediate maturity of all or part of HZ HTC's debts; to demand HZ HTC to immediately repay all or part of the credit line used; to demand HZ HTC to add security or take other measures to ensure The bank’s lawful rights and interests not infringed; to make deduction directly from the account of HZ HTC and the guarantor to repay all the debts under this Contract and the specific business contract (including the debts The bank requests for prepayment), without obtaining HZ HTC’s consent in advance; to exercise the suretyship, ask the surety to perform suretyship liability, or realize claim through disposal of the mortgaged property and/or pledged property.
Working Capital Loan Contract between SZ Highpower and Bank of China, Buji Sub-branch
On October 20, 2017, SZ Highpower entered into a working capital loan contract with Bank of China, Buji Sub-branch providing for an aggregate loan of RMB10,000,000 ($1,536,594) to be used by SZ Highpower to purchase raw materials. The term of the loan is 12 months from the first withdrawal date. SZ Highpower must withdraw the facility before October 25, 2017 one-time, after which time the bank may cancel all or part of the facility. The interest rate will equal the one year benchmarked by interbank rates, plus 1.355% on all outstanding loan amounts. The loan is guaranteed by SZ Springpower and our Chief Executive Officer, Dang Yu Pan. The Company’s real estate properties and land use rights in Huizhou also serve as collateral for the loan. The balance of loan was $1,536,594 as of December 31, 2017.
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The following constitute events of default under the loan contracts: failure to comply with repayment obligations under the agreement or any affiliated credit lines contract; failure to use borrowed funds according to the specified purposes; any statement made by SZ Highpower in the agreement is untrue or in violation of any commitments in the loan agreement or affiliated loan contracts; failure to provide an additional guarantor as required by the loan agreement; significant business difficulties or risks, deteriorated financial losses or losses of assets, or other financial crisis; breach of covenants in other credit agreements with the bank or affiliated institutions of the bank; any guarantor breaches a contract or defaults under any agreement with the bank or affiliated institutions of the bank; termination of its business or engagement due to any wind-up, cancellation or bankruptcy issues; involvement or potential involvement in significant economic disputes, litigation, arbitration or assets seizure or confiscation, or its involvement in other judicial proceedings or administrative punishment proceedings that have affected or may affect its capacity to perform its obligations under the affiliated specific credit line contract; an abnormal change in any major individual investor or key management member of SZ Highpower or such a person or entity’s becoming subject to investigation or restriction by the judiciary, which have or may affect SZ Highpower’s performance of obligation under affiliated specific credit line contract; Bank of China’s discovery of any situation that may affect the financial position or performance capacities of SZ Highpower or a guarantor after the bank’s annual review of SZ Highpower’s financial position and performance; failure to provide the relevant documentation acceptable to Bank of China about the inflows and outflows of large-sum and abnormal capital in capital recovery account; or being in violation of other rights and obligations under the affiliated specific credit line contract.
Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the bank may: request SZ Highpower or any guarantor to rectify the event of default within a specified time period; reduce, temporarily suspend or permanently terminate SZ Highpower’s credit limit in whole or in part; temporarily suspend or permanently terminate in part or in whole SZ Highpower’s application for specific credit line under the agreement; announce the immediate expiration of all the credit lines granted under the affiliated specific credit line contract as well as other contracts; terminate or release the contract, terminate or release in part or in whole any of the affiliated specific credit line contract as well as the other contracts executed between SZ Highpower and the bank; require compensation from SZ Highpower on the losses thereafter caused; hold SZ Highpower’s deposit account at the bank in custody for repayment of amounts due under the contract; exercise the real rights for security; request repayment from a guarantor; or take any other procedures deemed necessary by the bank.
Working Capital Loan Contract between SZ Springpower and Bank of China, Buji Sub-branch
On October 20, 2017, SZ Springpower entered into a working capital loan contract with Bank of China, Buji Sub-branch providing for an aggregate loan of RMB10,000,000 ($1,536,594) to be used by SZ Springpower to purchase raw materials. The term of the loan is 12 months from the first withdrawal date. SZ Springpower must withdraw in 30 days from October 24, 2017, after which time the bank may cancel all or part of the facility. The interest rate will equal the one year benchmarked by interbank rates, plus 1.355% on all outstanding loan amounts. The loan is guaranteed by SZ Highpower, HZ HTC and our Chief Executive Officer, Dang Yu Pan. The balance of loan was $1,536,594 as of December 31, 2017.
The following constitute events of default under the loan contracts: failure to comply with repayment obligations under the agreement or any affiliated credit lines contract; failure to use borrowed funds according to the specified purposes; any statement made by SZ Springpower in the agreement is untrue or in violation of any commitments in the loan agreement or affiliated loan contracts; failure to provide an additional guarantor as required by the loan agreement; significant business difficulties or risks, deteriorated financial losses or losses of assets, or other financial crisis; breach of covenants in other credit agreements with the bank or affiliated institutions of the bank; any guarantor breaches a contract or defaults under any agreement with the bank or affiliated institutions of the bank; termination of its business or engagement due to any wind-up, cancellation or bankruptcy issues; involvement or potential involvement in significant economic disputes, litigation, arbitration or assets seizure or confiscation, or its involvement in other judicial proceedings or administrative punishment proceedings that have affected or may affect its capacity to perform its obligations under the affiliated specific credit line contract; an abnormal change in any major individual investor or key management member of SZ Springpower or such a person or entity’s becoming subject to investigation or restriction by the judiciary, which have or may affect SZ Springpower’s performance of obligation under affiliated specific credit line contract; Bank of China’s discovery of any situation that may affect the financial position or performance capacities of SZ Springpower or a guarantor after the bank’s annual review of SZ Springpower’s financial position and performance; failure to provide the relevant documentation acceptable to Bank of China about the inflows and outflows of large-sum and abnormal capital in capital recovery account; or being in violation of other rights and obligations under the affiliated specific credit line contract.
Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the bank may: request SZ Springpower or any guarantor to rectify the event of default within a specified time period; reduce, temporarily suspend or permanently terminate SZ Springpower’s credit limit in whole or in part; temporarily suspend or permanently terminate in part or in whole SZ Springpower’s application for specific credit line under the agreement; announce the immediate expiration of all the credit lines granted under the affiliated specific credit line contract as well as other contracts; terminate or release the contract, terminate or release in part or in whole any of the affiliated specific credit line contract as well as the other contracts executed between SZ Springpower and the bank; require compensation from SZ Springpower on the losses thereafter caused; hold SZ Springpower’s deposit account at the bank in custody for repayment of amounts due under the contract; exercise the real rights for security; request repayment from a guarantor; or take any other procedures deemed necessary by the bank.
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ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The following individuals constitute our board of directors (our "Board") and executive management:
| Name | Age | Position | ||
| Dang Yu Pan | 50 | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board | ||
| Sunny Pan | 41 | Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary | ||
| Xing Qun Liao | 38 | Chief Technology Officer | ||
| Wen Liang Li | 52 | Director | ||
| T. Joseph Fisher, III | 65 | Director | ||
| Ping Li | 52 | Director | ||
| Jie Wang | 54 | Director |
Dang Yu Pan has been the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive officer of Highpower International and HKHTC since November 2007 and July 2003, respectively. Mr. Pan is the founder of SZ Highpower and has served as the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer since October 2002. Mr. Pan has served as a director ICON since February 2011; as a director and Chief Executive Officer of SZ Springpower since June 2008; and as a director of HZ HTC since March 2012. From May 2001 to October 2002, Mr. Pan was the General Manager and Chairman of the Board of Guangzhou Haopeng Technology Co., Ltd. From January 1997 to July 2000, Mr. Pan was the Vice General Manager of NanhaiShida Battery Co., Ltd. From January 1995 to December 1996, Mr. Pan served as a director of the Huangpu Aluminum Factory. Additionally, from August 1990 to December 1994, Mr. Pan worked in the sales department of the Guangzhou Aluminum Products Factory. Mr. Pan received a bachelor’s degree in metallurgical engineering from Central South University in China in 1990. We believe Mr. Pan’s qualifications to sit on our Board include his extensive understanding of our business, our products and the battery industry that he has acquired over his 20 years working in the battery industry, including over 15 years as an officer and director of SZ Highpower.
Sunny Pan has served as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company since February 2017 and was interim CFO prior to that, since August 7, 2016. From January 2016 to September 2017, Mr. Pan has been General Manager of HZ HTC. Mr. Pan joined the Company in January 2015 as its Finance Controller. Mr. Pan has over 20 years' experience in finance and IT management positions with several multi-national companies. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Pan held positions with subsidiaries of Philips in China. From December 2013 to December 2014, Mr. Pan was Finance Controller and a director at Philips Luminaire Manufacturing (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. and Finance Controller, managing director and legal representative at Philips Luminaire Manufacturing (Ningbo) Co., Ltd. and, from January 2011 to December 2013 he was Finance Controller at Philips Domestic Appliance & Personal Care Co., Ltd., Zhuhai. He has ACCA (UK) and CICPA (China) qualifications, and has extensive experience in OX IFRS/China GAAP/US GAAP. Mr. Pan received a B.S. in International Accounting from Shanxi Financial & Economical Institute in China in 1996, and an MBA from New York Institution of Technology.
Xing Qun Liao has served as Chief Technology Officer of the Company since June 2017. From June 2003 to September 2017, Mr. Liao has served as an engineer, R&D Manager, Chief Engineer, Deputy General Manager and General Manager of SZ Highpower. Since October 2017, Mr. Liao has been General Manager of HZ HTC. Mr. Liao received his Master and BA degrees in Central South University.
Wen Liang Li has been a director of Highpower International since November 2007 and a director of HKHTC since July 2003. From January 1996 to December 2002, Mr. Li served as Vice General Manager of Zhuhai Taiyi Battery Co., Ltd., a battery manufacturer. From November 2007 to June 2017, Wen Liang Li was Vice President, Chief Technology Officer of the Company and prior to that he held positions with the Company’s subsidiaries. Wen Liang Li remains as a director of the Company and continues working with the Company as Senior New Energy Scientist. Mr. Li received a master’s degree in Electrochemistry from the Harbin Institute of Technology in China in 1991. We believe that Mr. Li’s 25 years of work experience in the battery industry, including 15 years as an officer and director of SZ Highpower, well qualify Mr. Li to serve on our Board.
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T. Joseph Fisher III has served as a director of the Company since April 2011. He currently is Vice President - Global Commercial Sales for A123 Systems, LLC since July 2014. He previously served as the CEO and President of Valence Technology, Inc. from November 2012 until June 2014, and since July 2012 has been a director of Valence, which exited a chapter 11 bankruptcy in November 2013, and went private in December 2013. Prior to joining Valence, Mr. Fisher was the CEO and President of Contour Energy Systems, a spin out from Caltech, specializing in the development and commercialization of customizable battery technologies, from February 2008 to January 2012. He also is President and Founder of JCF International, LLC, an advisory and consulting firm for portable power companies. Mr. Fisher was employed for 33 years at the Energizer battery group, where he had held numerous senior management positions including Vice President - Global Rechargeable Battery Business Unit from April 2001 to May 2007, Vice President and General Manager - Energizer Power Systems, Vice President - Business Development, General Manager - Miniature Batteries, as well as holding several international management assignments in Europe, Argentina and South Africa. He also worked for Xerox, General Electric and Union Carbide earlier in his career. Mr. Fisher received a B.S. in Industrial Management from the University of Cincinnati in 1975, and an MBA in 1977 from the West Virginia College of Graduate Studies, now a part of Marshall University. We believe that Mr. Fisher’s qualifications to sit on our Board include his extensive understanding of our business and over 30 years of experience in the battery industry, as well as his knowledge of U.S. GAAP and financial statements.
Ping Li has served as a director of the Company since January 2008. Since November 2008, Mr. Li has served as Director at Intel Capital, focusing on Intel’s investment activities in China. From July 2003 to October 2008, Mr. Li served as the Managing Director of Investment at China Vest, a venture capital firm. From February 2002 to July 2003, Mr. Li served as Chief Financial Officer of Great Wall Technology Co., Ltd., an investment technology company. Mr. Li received a master’s degree in biology from Columbia University in 1989 and an MBA in finance in 1994 from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. We believe that Mr. Li’s qualifications to sit on our Board include his knowledge of the capital markets and his experience, expertise and background with respect to accounting matters, including his experience as a chief financial officer and familiarity with U.S. GAAP and financial statements.
Jie Wang was appointed to our Board on October 18, 2017. Dr. Wang has been Executive Director of the Stanford Center for Sustainable Development and Global Competitiveness since 2008, and Consulting Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, since 2013. In addition, since 2003, Dr. Wang has been Director of the Stanford Sustainable Development and Environmental Informatics Group. Dr. Wang has held numerous positions with Stanford University, including as Consulting Associate Professor and Consulting Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering from 2005-2013 and 2003-2005, respectively, Executive Director, Stanford-China Executive Leadership Program from 2005-2010, Senior Architect of E-commerce, ITSS from 1998-2000, and Architect of Distributed Computing Environment, ITSS, from 1995-1998. From 2002 to 2005, Dr. Wang was Senior System Architect at Collation, Inc., an IT management software provider, which is now a subsidiary of IBM [NYSE: IBM], and from 2000 to 2002, he was Senior Architect of Loudcloud Inc. one of the first cloud computing service providers, which is now a subsidiary of Hewlett-Packard Enterprise [NYSE: HPE]. In collaboration with colleagues, Dr. Wang has published extensively on computational reasoning and learning models for smart infrastructures/smart manufacturing and their optimized services, management and engineering informatics and knowledge integration for intelligent social services, social and service computing, sustainable development and environmental informatics, decision making and knowledge management for research and educational collaborations, E-commerce and E-govemment, IT as a modern tool for business competitive strategy, smart manufacturing, and strategy and implementation of smart city and smart region. Dr. Wang holds Ph.D. and M.S. degrees in Civil and Environmental Engineering from Stanford University, an M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography from the University of Miami, FL, and a B.S. in Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China. We believe that Dr. Wang’s qualifications to sit on our Board include his background and comprehensive research in automation software for IT, smart infrastructure/smart manufacturing, and information and communication technologies and that Dr. Wang will provide the Company with valuable insight as we expand to take advantage of opportunities to apply our niche expertise within the IoT industry.
Family Relationships
There are no family relationships among any of the officers and directors.
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Director Independence
Subject to certain exceptions, under the listing standards of the NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC, a listed company’s board of directors must consist of a majority of independent directors. Currently, our board of directors has determined that each of the non-management directors, Jie Wang, T. Joseph Fisher, III and Ping Li, is an “independent” director as defined by the listing standards of the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules currently in effect and approved by the SEC and all applicable rules and regulations of the SEC. All members of the Audit, Compensation and Nominating Committees satisfy the “independence” standards applicable to members of each such committee. The board of directors made this affirmative determination regarding these directors’ independence based on discussion with the directors and on its review of the directors’ responses to a standard questionnaire regarding employment and compensation history; affiliations, family and other relationships; and transactions with the Company. The board of directors considered relationships and transactions between each director or any member of his immediate family and the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliates. The purpose of the board of director’s review with respect to each director was to determine whether any such relationships or transactions were inconsistent with a determination that the director is independent under the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules.
Board Committees
Our Board has three standing committees – an Audit Committee (our "Audit Committee"), a Compensation Committee (our "Compensation Committee"), and a Nominating Committee (our "Nominating Committee").
Audit Committee
We established our Audit Committee in January 2008. The Audit Committee consists of Jie Wang, T. Joseph Fisher, III and Ping Li, each of whom is an independent director. Mr. Ping Li, Chairman of the Audit Committee, is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined under Item 407(d) of Regulation S-K. The purpose of the Audit Committee is to represent and assist our Board in its general oversight of our accounting and financial reporting processes, audits of the financial statements and internal control and audit functions. The Audit Committee’s responsibilities include:
| · | The appointment, replacement, compensation, and oversight of work of the independent auditor, including resolution of disagreements between management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting, for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit, review or attest services. |
| · | Reviewing and discussing with management and the independent auditor various topics and events that may have significant financial impact on our company or that are the subject of discussions between management and the independent auditors. |
Our Board has adopted a written charter for the Audit Committee. A copy of the Audit Committee Charter is posted on the Company’s website at: www.highpowertech.com.
Compensation Committee
We established our Compensation Committee in January 2008. The Compensation Committee consists of Jie Wang and T. Joseph Fisher, III, each of whom is an independent director. The Compensation Committee is responsible for the design, review, recommendation and approval of compensation arrangements for the Company’s directors, executive officers and key employees, and for the administration of our equity incentive plans, including the approval of grants under such plans to our employees, consultants and directors. The Compensation Committee also reviews and determines compensation of our executive officers, including our Chief Executive Officer. Our Board has adopted a written charter for the Compensation Committee. A current copy of the Compensation Committee Charter is posted on the Company’s website at: www.highpowertech.com.
Nominating Committee
The Nominating Committee consists of Jie Wang and T. Joseph Fisher, III, each of whom is an independent director. T. Joseph Fisher, III is the Chairman of the Nominating Committee. The Nominating Committee assists in the selection of director nominees, approves director nominations to be presented for stockholder approval at our annual general meeting and fills any vacancies on our Board, considers any nominations of director candidates validly made by stockholders, and reviews and considers developments in corporate governance practices. Our Board has adopted a written charter for the Nominating Committee. A current copy of the Nominating Committee Charter is posted on the Company’s website at: www.highpowertech.com.
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Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
The Company’s securities are currently registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. As a result, and pursuant to Rule 16a-2, the Company’s directors and officers and holders of 10% or more of its common stock are currently required to file statements of beneficial ownership with regards to their ownership of equity securities under Sections 13 or 16 of the Exchange Act. Based on a review of written representations from our executive officers and directors and a review of Forms 3, 4 and 5 furnished to us, we believe that during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, all directors, officers and more than 10% owners filed reports required by Section 16(a) of Exchange Act on a timely basis, except for the following: Xing Qun Liao filed a late Form 3 upon becoming an officer and Form 4 reporting an option grant; Wen Liang Li filed late Form 4 filings reporting three sales transactions; Ping Li filed one late Form 5 in March 2017, reporting a late Form 4 transaction that occurred in fiscal year 2015; and Wen Wei Ma filed one late Form 4 reporting a sale transaction.
Code of Ethics
The Company’s board of directors has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which applies to all directors, officers and employees. The purpose of the Code is to promote honest and ethical conduct. The Code is posted on the Company’s website located at: www.highpowertech.com, and is available in print, without charge, upon written request to the Company at Highpower International, Inc., Building A1, 68 Xinxia Street, Pinghu, Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518111, People’s Republic of China. The Company intends to post promptly any amendments to or waivers of the Code on its website.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 of the principal executive officer (our “named executive officers”).
| Name and Position | Year | Salary | Non-equity Incentive Plan Awards | Stock Awards (1) | Option Awards (1) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Dang Yu Pan | 2017 | 74,191 | 124,639 | 139,500 | 265,352 | 603,682 | ||||||||||||||||||
| CEO and Chairman | 2016 | 70,000 | 70,000 | - | - | 140,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sunny Pan | 2017 | 75,007 | 65,935 | 93,000 | 226,242 | 460,184 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | 2016 | 65,400 | 37,000 | - | - | 102,400 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Wen Liang Li | 2017 | 98,154 | 47,441 | 93,000 | 102,058 | 340,653 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Former Vice President, Chief Technology Officer and Director (2) | 2016 | 71,400 | 54,200 | - | - | 125,600 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Xing Qun Liao | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Technology Officer (3) | 2017 | 59,797 | 54,095 | - | 204,117 | 318,009 | ||||||||||||||||||
| (1) | Represents the full grant date fair value computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) ASC Topic 718. For assumptions used in calculation of awards, see Note 19 (Share Based Payment) to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. |
| (2) | Mr. Li resigned as Vice President, Chief Technology Officer of the Company on June 12, 2017 but remain as a director of the Company and continues working with the Company as Senior New Energy Scientist. | |
| (3) | Mr. Liao was appointed Chief Technology Officer in June 2017. |
Bonus is based on performance. Key performance indicators, as criteria for determining bonuses include corporate profitability, net sales, net income, gross profit, efficiency and improvement, cost control and corporate milestone achievements.
On February 12, 2017, Sunny Pan was granted 15,000 options with an exercise price of $2.20 per share vesting one-third on each anniversary date of the grant beginning February 12, 2018.
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On September 22, 2017, the Company granted the following awards, as applicable: Dang Yu Pan - 30,000 shares of restricted stock and 84,500 options; Sunny Pan - 20,000 shares of restricted stock and 65,000 options; Wen Liang Li - 20,000 shares of restricted stock and 32,500 options; and Xing Qun Liao - 65,000 options. The options have an exercise price of $4.65 per share and the awards vest over a three year period on the anniversary date of the grant at 30%, 30% and 40%, respectively, with the entire 30% vesting on the first anniversary of the grant, and thereafter on each subsequent anniversary date of the grant, the awards vest in equal installments on a 1/12th basis each month per year for the applicable percentage. The Company did not grant any equity awards to the named executive officers during 2016.
Director Compensation
The following table shows information regarding the compensation earned during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 by members of our Board. Compensation information for Dang Yu Pan and Wen Liang Li is described in the summary compensation table above.
| Name | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash (1) | Stock Awards (2) | Option Awards (2) | Total | ||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| T. Joseph Fisher, III | 36,000 | 69,750 | - | 105,750 | ||||||||||||
| Ping Li | 41,000 | 69,750 | - | 110,750 | ||||||||||||
| Xin Hai Li (3) | 18,500 | - | - | 18,500 | ||||||||||||
| Jie Wang (4) | 5,000 | - | - | 5,000 | ||||||||||||
| (1) | Includes fees paid as a member of the Special Committee, as further described below. |
| (2) | Represents the full grant date fair value computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. For assumptions used in calculation of awards, see Note 19 (Share Based Payment) to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. |
| (3) | Mr. Li resigned from the Board effective October 13, 2017. |
| (4) | On October 18, 2017, the board of directors of the Company appointed Dr. Jie Wang as a director, effective as of such date. Dr. Wang was also appointed to the Audit, Compensation and Nominating Committees of the Board. The compensation was accrued but not yet paid Dr. Wang. |
We do not have a formal policy with respect to the compensation of our non-executive directors. We pay our non-executive directors for their services at the rate of $1,000 to $3,000 per month.
In November 2015, the Board formed a Special Committee to review and consider the non-binding investment letter from Anshan Co-operation (Group) Co., Ltd.. The members of the Special Committee were Ping Li, chairman, Xinhai Li and T. Joseph Fisher, III. Each member of the Special Committee received a monthly payment of $3,000 or $4,000, as applicable, and the chairman received a monthly payment of $5,000. The Special Committee was dissolved in March 2017.
On September 22, 2017, the Company granted to each of T. Joseph Fisher, III, Ping Li and Xin Hai Li awards of 15,000 shares of restricted stock. The awards vest over a three year period on the anniversary date of the grant at 30%, 30% and 40%, respectively, with the entire 30% vesting on the first anniversary of the grant, and thereafter on each subsequent anniversary date of the grant, the awards vest in equal installments on a 1/12th basis each month per year for the applicable percentage. Upon his resignation from the Board effective October 13, 2017, Xin Hai Li’s shares of unvested restricted stock granted on September 22, 2017 terminated.
| 43 |
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2017 regarding compensation plans, including any individual compensation arrangements, under which equity securities of Highpower International, Inc. are authorized for issuance.
| Plan Category | Number of Securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans | |||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 915,042 | $ | 4.07 | 2,250,000 | ||||||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Total | 915,042 | $ | 4.07 | 2,250,000 | ||||||||
As of April 4, 2018, there were 2,209,500 shares available for issuance pursuant to the Plan.
| 44 |
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage of ownership of that person, shares of common stock subject to options and warrants held by that person that are currently exercisable or become exercisable within 60 days of April 4, 2018, are deemed outstanding even if they have not actually been exercised. Those shares, however, are not deemed outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.
The following table sets forth as of April 4, 2018 certain information with respect to beneficial ownership of our common stock based on 15,509,658 issued and outstanding shares of common stock, by:
| · | Each person known to be the beneficial owner of 5% or more of the outstanding common stock of our company; | |
| · | Each named executive officer; | |
| · | Each director; and | |
| · | All of the executive officers and directors as a group. |
The number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of April 4, 2018 excludes 3,165,042 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options and warrants. Unless otherwise indicated, the persons and entities named in the table have sole voting and sole investment power with respect to the shares set forth opposite the stockholder’s name, subject to community property laws, where applicable. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each stockholder listed in the table is c/o Building A1, 68 Xinxia Street, Pinghu, Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518111, People’s Republic of China.
| Name and Address of Beneficial Owner | Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership | Percent of Class | ||||||
| 5% Stockholders | ||||||||
| Renaissance Technologies LLC 800 Third Avenue, NY, NY 10022 | 1,090,700 | (1) | 7.0 | % | ||||
| Directors and Executive Officers | ||||||||
| Dang Yu Pan | 3,092,773 | (2) | 19.9 | % | ||||
| Wen Liang Li | 1,501,117 | 9.7 | % | |||||
| Sunny Pan | 25,000 | (3) | * | |||||
| T. Joseph Fisher III | 51,000 | (3) | * | |||||
| Ping Li | 15,000 | * | ||||||
| Jie Wang | - | - | ||||||
| Xing Qun Liao | - | - | ||||||
| Officers and Directors as a Group (total of 7 persons) | 4,684,890 | (3) | 30.2 | % | ||||
| * | Indicates beneficial ownership of less than1.0%. |
| (1) | According to a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 14, 2018, Renaissance Technologies LLC (“RTC”) is majority owned by Renaissance Technology Holdings Corporation (“RTHC”). Each of RTC and RTHC have sole voting and dispositive power over 1,090,700 shares. |
| (2) | Includes 269,959 shares held by a company that is 100% owned by Dang Yu Pan. |
| (3) | For Mr. Pan, includes 5,000 shares underlying vested options. For Mr. Fisher, includes 15,000 shares underlying options. |
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Subsidiaries of Highpower International, Inc.
| 45 |
HKHTC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Highpower International, Inc., and each of HKHTC’s direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, SZ Highpower, HZ HTC, SZ Springpower and ICON have interlocking executive and director positions with the Company.
Guarantee Agreements
Mr. Dang Yu Pan, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and his wife, Ms. Zhou Tao Yin have provided personal guarantees under certain of our outstanding banking facilities. The following table shows the amount outstanding on each of our bank loans as of December 31, 2017 and the guarantors of each loan:
| Name of Bank | Amount Granted | Unused line of credit | Maturity date | Guaranteed by | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||||||
| Ping An Bank Co., Ltd. (1) | 10,756,158 | 3,130,042 | 3/16/2018 | Dang Yu Pan | ||||||||
| Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (1) | 7,682,970 | 6,146,376 | 8/31/2018 | Dang Yu Pan | ||||||||
| Jiang Su Bank Co., Ltd. (1) | 3,841,485 | 113,708 | 4/19/2018 | Dang Yu Pan | ||||||||
| Jiang Su Bank Co., Ltd. (2) | 2,560,990 | 7,171 | 7/2/2018 | Dang Yu Pan Zhou Tao Yin | ||||||||
| Industrial Bank Co., Ltd. (1) | 3,073,188 | 517,832 | 9/20/2018 | Dang Yu Pan | ||||||||
| Guangdong Huaxing Bank (1) | 9,219,564 | 3,543,386 | 9/27/2018 | Dang Yu Pan | ||||||||
| Hua Xia Bank Co., Ltd. (2) | 7,682,970 | 4,745,002 | 10/23/2018 | Dang Yu Pan Zhou Tao Yin | ||||||||
| China Minsheng Banking Corp., Ltd. (1) | 5,121,980 | 1,280,495 | 11/14/2018 | Dang Yu Pan | ||||||||
| Bank of China (1) | 13,445,197 | 8,279,168 | 7/11/2019 | Dang Yu Pan | ||||||||
| Bank of China (1) | 12,292,752 | 3,366,677 | 7/12/2019 | Dang Yu Pan | ||||||||
| Bank of China (1) | 4,097,584 | 143,928 | 7/25/2019 | Dang Yu Pan | ||||||||
| Total | 79,774,838 | 31,273,785 | ||||||||||
| (1) | The lines of credits are guaranteed by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Dang Yu Pan. |
| (2) | The lines of credit are guaranteed by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Dang Yu Pan, and his wife. |
As of December 31, 2017, the bank borrowings in the above table were for working capital and capital expenditure purposes. These borrowings were secured by the land use right with a carrying amount of $2,639,631, the buildings with a carrying amount of $9,621,537. The loans as of December 31, 2017 were primarily obtained from two banks with interest rates ranging from 5.000% to 5.8725% per annum. The interest expenses were $909,878 and $925,115 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
In 2017, the Company obtained borrowings from a third party non-financial institution in amount of $1,536,594 and an individual in an amount of $9,219,564, which were used for working capital and capital expenditure purposes. The interest rates for the borrowings were 5.655% and 5.66% per annum, respectively, and the borrowings must be repaid anytime no later than December 31, 2019 and January 10, 2018, respectively. The borrowings are personally guaranteed by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Dang Yu Pan. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company paid $3,857,910 back in total to the third party non-financial institution and an individual. The interest expenses of the above borrowings were $622,694 and $157,740 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
On October 20, 2017, SZ Highpower entered into a working capital loan contract with Bank of China, Buji Sub-branch providing for an aggregate loan of RMB10,000,000 ($1,536,594) to be used by SZ Highpower to purchase raw materials. The term of the loan is 12 months from the first withdrawal date. SZ Highpower must withdraw the facility before October 25, 2017 one-time, after which time the bank may cancel all or part of the facility. The interest rate will equal the one year benchmarked by interbank rates, plus 1.355% on all outstanding loan amounts. The loan is guaranteed by SZ Springpower and our Chief Executive Officer, Dang Yu Pan. The Company’s real estate properties and land use rights in Huizhou also serve as collateral for the loan.
| 46 |
On October 20, 2017, SZ Springpower entered into a working capital loan contract with Bank of China, Buji Sub-branch providing for an aggregate loan of RMB10,000,000 ($1,536,594) to be used by SZ Springpower to purchase raw materials. The term of the loan is 12 months from the first withdrawal date. SZ Springpower must withdraw in 30 days from October 24, 2017, after which time the bank may cancel all or part of the facility. The interest rate will equal the one year benchmarked by interbank rates, plus 1.355% on all outstanding loan amounts. The loan is guaranteed by SZ Highpower, HZ HTC and our Chief Executive Officer, Dang Yu Pan.
On September 28, 2017, ICON entered into a working capital loan contract with Bank of China, Buji Sub-branch, providing for an aggregate loan of RMB10,000,000 ($1,536,594) to be used by ICON to purchase raw materials. ICON must withdraw in 30 days from September 29, 2017. ICON must pay back the loans before the maturity day on September 29, 2018. The interest rate is 5.8725%, which equals to the one year benchmarked by interbank rates, plus 1.5725% on all outstanding loan amounts. The loan is guaranteed by the SZ Springpower, SZ Highpower, HZ HTC and our Chief Executive Officer, Dang Yu Pan.
On August 3, 2017, SZ Springpower entered into a working capital loan contract with Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd., Shenzhen Henggang Sub-branch providing for an aggregate loan of RMB10,000,000 ($1,536,594). SZ Springpower must pay back the loans before the maturity day on July 13, 2018. The interest rate is 5%, which equals to the one year benchmarked by interbank rates, plus 0.07% on all outstanding loan amounts.The loan is guaranteed by HZ HTC, HK HTC, SZ HTC and our Chief Executive Officer, Dang Yu Pan. The Company’s building in Shenzhen also serves as collateral for the loan.
On February 16, 2017, SZ Highpower entered into a working capital loan contract with Bank of China, Buji Sub-branch providing for an aggregate loan of RMB10,000 ($1,537) to be used by SZ Highpower to purchase raw materials. The term of the loan is 10 months from the first withdrawal date. SZ Highpower must withdraw in 30 days from February 16, 2017, after which time the bank may cancel all or part of the facility. The interest rate will equal the one year benchmarked by interbank rates, plus 0.92% on all outstanding loan amounts. The loan is guaranteed by SZ Springpower and our Chief Executive Officer, Dang Yu Pan. The Company’s real estate properties and land use rights in Huizhou also serve as collateral for the loan.
On December 22, 2016, SZ Highpower entered into a working capital loan contract with Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd., Shenzhen Henggang Sub-branch, providing for an aggregate loan of RMB20,000,000 ($3,073,188) to be used for current funds for production and operations by SZ Highpower. The term of the loan is 12 months from the first withdrawal date. The interest rate is 4.35%. The loan is guaranteed by SZ Springpower, HKHTC and our Chief Executive Officer, Dang Yu Pan.
Also see Note 16. Short-term loans, Note 17. Non-financial institution borrowings, Note 18. Lines of credit and Note 26. Related party balance and transaction in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Policy for Approval of Related Party Transactions
Our Audit Committee Charter to provides that the Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing and approving related party transactions between the Company and any person that is an officer, key employee, director or affiliate of the Company, including any payments made to such persons either directly or indirectly. Other than the forgoing, we do not currently have a formal related party approval policy for review and approval of transactions required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K.
Director Independence
See Item 10 “Directors, Officers and Corporation Governance” for a discussion of board member independence.
| 47 |
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The following table presents professional audit service fees and all the audit-related expenses rendered by Marcum Bernstein &Pinchuk LLP, who reviewed the Company’s quarterly financial statements and audited the annual financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Audit Fees (1) | 192,487 | 219,547 | ||||||
| Audit-Related Fees | - | - | ||||||
| Tax Fees | - | - | ||||||
| All Other Fees | - | - | ||||||
| Total | 192,487 | 219,547 | ||||||
(1) These were fees for professional services performed by Marcum Bernstein & Pinchuk LLP for the review of quarterly financial reports and audit of annual financial statements in 2017 and 2016.
Pre-Approval Policy
The Audit Committee on an annual basis reviews audit and non-audit services performed by the independent registered public accounting firm for such services. The audit committee pre-approves (i) audit services (including those performed for purposes of providing comfort letters and statutory audits) and (ii) non-audit services that exceed a de minimis standard established by the committee, which are rendered to the Company by its outside auditors (including fees).
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
| 1. | Financial Statements: See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Part II, Item 7 of this annual report on Form 10-K. |
| 2. | Financial Statement Schedule: Not applicable. |
| 3. | Exhibits: The exhibits listed in the accompanying “Index to Exhibits” are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Form 10-K. |
None.
| 48 |
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China, on April 4, 2018.
| Highpower International, Inc. | ||
| (Registrant) | ||
| Dated: April 4, 2018 | /s/ Dang Yu Pan | |
| By: Dang Yu Pan | ||
| Chief Executive Officer and | ||
| Chairman of the Board | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Company in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Capacity | Date | ||
| Chief Executive Officer and | April 4, 2018 | |||
| /s/ Dang Yu Pan | Chairman of the Board | |||
| By: Dang Yu Pan | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| /s/ Sunny Pan | Chief Financial Officer | April 4, 2018 | ||
| By: Sunny Pan | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |||
| /s/ Wen Liang Li | Director | April 4, 2018 | ||
| By: Wen Liang Li | ||||
| /s/ Jie Wang | Director | April 4, 2018 | ||
| By: Jie Wang | ||||
| /s/ T. Joseph Fisher III | Director | April 4, 2018 | ||
| By: T. Joseph Fisher III | ||||
| /s/ Ping Li | Director | April 4, 2018 | ||
| By: Ping Li |
| 49 |
| 50 |
| 51 |
| 52 |
| 53 |
| 54 |
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document | |
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
| * | Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan. |
| ** | This exhibit shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any filings. |
| + | Confidential treatment has been requested for certain confidential portions of this exhibit pursuant to Rule 24b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
| 55 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| F-1 |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of
Highpower International, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Highpower International, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
| /s/ Marcum Bernstein & Pinchuk llp | |
| Marcum Bernstein & Pinchuk llp | |
| We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2011. | |
Guangzhou, China |
|
| April 4, 2018 |
| F-2 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Stated in US Dollars)
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current Assets: | ||||||||
| Cash | 14,502,171 | 9,324,393 | ||||||
| Restricted cash | 25,953,946 | 11,213,640 | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | 58,252,999 | 46,280,769 | ||||||
| Amount due from related parties | 1,165,838 | 7,517,250 | ||||||
| Notes receivable | 2,606,517 | 1,093,730 | ||||||
| Advances to suppliers | 6,050,531 | 2,007,184 | ||||||
| Prepayments and other receivables | 4,268,527 | 3,694,020 | ||||||
| Foreign exchange derivatives | 236,436 | - | ||||||
| Inventories | 42,946,644 | 22,207,333 | ||||||
| Total Current Assets | 155,983,609 | 103,338,319 | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 46,520,776 | 43,504,991 | ||||||
| Long-term prepayments | 3,715,445 | 1,198,668 | ||||||
| Land use rights, net | 2,639,631 | 3,622,435 | ||||||
| Other assets | 748,431 | 500,000 | ||||||
| Deferred tax assets, net | 750,267 | 1,477,761 | ||||||
| Long-term investments | 9,906,379 | 9,689,576 | ||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | 220,264,538 | 163,331,750 | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | ||||||||
| LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | 60,368,012 | 49,463,901 | ||||||
| Deferred income | 309,638 | 761,491 | ||||||
| Short-term loans | 10,128,646 | 18,776,080 | ||||||
| Non-financial institution borrowings | 10,756,158 | 3,741,115 | ||||||
| Notes payable | 54,859,478 | 30,658,000 | ||||||
| Amount due to a related party | - | 1,522,313 | ||||||
| Other payables and accrued liabilities | 12,243,345 | 11,148,556 | ||||||
| Income taxes payable | 3,609,391 | 1,963,298 | ||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | 152,274,668 | 118,034,754 | ||||||
| Income taxes payable, noncurrent | 777,685 | - | ||||||
| Warrant Liability | - | 259 | ||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | 153,052,353 | 118,035,013 | ||||||
| COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES | - | - | ||||||
| F-3 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (CONTINUED)
(Stated in US Dollars)
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| EQUITY | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Preferred stock | ||||||||
| (Par value: $0.0001, Authorized: 10,000,000 shares, Issued and outstanding: none) | - | - | ||||||
| Common stock | ||||||||
| (Par value: $0.0001, Authorized: 100,000,000 shares, 15,509,658 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 15,114,991 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2016) | 1,551 | 1,511 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 12,709,756 | 11,580,934 | ||||||
| Statutory and other reserves | 6,549,815 | 4,992,463 | ||||||
| Retained earnings | 44,481,568 | 29,266,068 | ||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 3,469,495 | (873,582 | ) | |||||
| Total equity attributable to the stockholders of Highpower International Inc. | 67,212,185 | 44,967,394 | ||||||
| Non-controlling interest | - | 329,343 | ||||||
| TOTAL EQUITY | 67,212,185 | 45,296,737 | ||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | 220,264,538 | 163,331,750 | ||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements
| F-4 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Stated in US Dollars)
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Net sales | 244,166,312 | 173,851,113 | ||||||
| Cost of sales | (196,792,444 | ) | (135,768,642 | ) | ||||
| Gross profit | 47,373,868 | 38,082,471 | ||||||
| Research and development expenses | (9,512,074 | ) | (9,243,750 | ) | ||||
| Selling and distribution expenses | (7,500,560 | ) | (6,888,052 | ) | ||||
| General and administrative expenses | (15,393,791 | ) | (18,186,362 | ) | ||||
| Foreign currency transaction (loss) gain | (2,390,417 | ) | 1,959,036 | |||||
| Total operating expenses | (34,796,842 | ) | (32,359,128 | ) | ||||
| Income from operations | 12,577,026 | 5,723,343 | ||||||
| Changes in fair value of warrant liability | 259 | 140,290 | ||||||
| Changes in fair value of foreign exchange derivatives | 273,496 | - | ||||||
| Government grants | 1,357,852 | 1,762,266 | ||||||
| Other income | 458,247 | 509,262 | ||||||
| Equity in earnings of investee | 107,243 | 351,755 | ||||||
| Gain on dilution in equity method investee | 500,270 | - | ||||||
| Gain on sale of long-term investment | 1,677,367 | - | ||||||
| Gain on deconsolidation of a subsidiary | 6,004,008 | - | ||||||
| Interest expenses | (1,426,547 | ) | (1,419,962 | ) | ||||
| Income before income taxes | 21,529,221 | 7,066,954 | ||||||
| Income taxes expenses | (4,315,325 | ) | (1,439,177 | ) | ||||
| Net income | 17,213,896 | 5,627,777 | ||||||
| Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | 441,044 | (490,150 | ) | |||||
| Net income attributable to the Company | 16,772,852 | 6,117,927 | ||||||
| Comprehensive income | ||||||||
| Net income | 17,213,896 | 5,627,777 | ||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain (loss) | 4,234,078 | (3,540,334 | ) | |||||
| Comprehensive income | 21,447,974 | 2,087,443 | ||||||
| Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | 479,098 | (524,140 | ) | |||||
| Comprehensive income attributable to the Company | 20,968,876 | 2,611,583 | ||||||
| Earnings per share of common stock attributable to the Company | ||||||||
| - Basic | 1.09 | 0.41 | ||||||
| - Diluted | 1.09 | 0.40 | ||||||
| Weighted average number of common stock outstanding | ||||||||
| - Basic | 15,326,797 | 15,105,235 | ||||||
| - Diluted | 15,435,371 | 15,113,914 | ||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements
| F-5 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGE IN EQUITY
(Stated in US Dollars)
| Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional | other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock | paid-in | Statutory and | Retained | comprehensive | Non-controlling | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | capital | other reserves | earnings | income | interest | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2015 | 15,101,679 | 1,510 | 11,227,979 | 4,042,429 | 24,098,175 | 2,632,762 | 853,483 | 42,856,338 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 13,312 | 1 | 35,009 | - | - | - | - | 35,010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | - | - | - | - | - | (3,506,344 | ) | (33,990 | ) | (3,540,334 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expenses | - | - | 317,946 | - | - | - | - | 317,946 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfer to statutory and other reserves | - | - | - | 950,034 | (950,034 | ) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | - | - | - | - | 6,117,927 | - | (490,150 | ) | 5,627,777 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2016 | 15,114,991 | 1,511 | 11,580,934 | 4,992,463 | 29,266,068 | (873,582 | ) | 329,343 | 45,296,737 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 294,667 | 30 | 802,661 | - | - | - | - | 802,691 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | - | - | - | - | - | 4,196,024 | 38,054 | 4,234,078 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expenses | 100,000 | 10 | 326,161 | - | - | - | - | 326,171 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transfer to statutory and other reserves | - | - | - | 1,705,747 | (1,705,747 | ) | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | - | - | - | - | 16,772,852 | - | 441,044 | 17,213,896 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deconsolidation of a subsidiary | - | - | - | (148,395 | ) | 148,395 | 147,053 | (808,441 | ) | (661,388 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2017 | 15,509,658 | 1,551 | 12,709,756 | 6,549,815 | 44,481,568 | 3,469,495 | - | 67,212,185 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements
| F-6 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Stated in US Dollars)
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||
| Net income | 17,213,896 | 5,627,777 | ||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 5,290,980 | 4,937,688 | ||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | 58,728 | 1,651,546 | ||||||
| Impairment of machinery and equipment | - | 530,914 | ||||||
| Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment | 48,976 | 609,842 | ||||||
| Deferred taxes | 374,626 | (32,756 | ) | |||||
| Changes in fair value of foreign exchange derivatives | (228,314 | ) | - | |||||
| Gain on deconsolidation of a subsidiary | (6,004,008 | ) | - | |||||
| Equity in earnings of investee | (107,243 | ) | (351,755 | ) | ||||
| Gain on dilution in equity method investee | (500,270 | ) | - | |||||
| Gain on sale of long-term investment | (1,677,367 | ) | - | |||||
| Share based compensation | 326,171 | 317,946 | ||||||
| Changes in fair value of warrant liability | (259 | ) | (140,290 | ) | ||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | (11,926,311 | ) | (13,809,278 | ) | ||||
| Other assets | (288,180 | ) | - | |||||
| Notes receivable | (1,389,107 | ) | 575,514 | |||||
| Advances to suppliers | (5,070,174 | ) | (72,470 | ) | ||||
| Prepayments and other receivables | (673,006 | ) | (1,683,119 | ) | ||||
| Amount due from related parties | 7,140,963 | (7,457,338 | ) | |||||
| Amount due to related parties | (1,569,839 | ) | 1,589,963 | |||||
| Inventories | (24,705,574 | ) | (4,410,429 | ) | ||||
| Accounts payable | 15,183,933 | 11,196,709 | ||||||
| Deferred income | 154,151 | (64,658 | ) | |||||
| Other payables and accrued liabilities | 2,023,991 | 5,471,022 | ||||||
| Income taxes payable | 2,240,550 | 307,984 | ||||||
| Net cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities | (4,082,687 | ) | 4,794,812 | |||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||
| Acquisitions of plant and equipment | (13,730,328 | ) | (8,487,473 | ) | ||||
| Acquisition of long-term investment | - | (3,005,666 | ) | |||||
| Loan to a related party | (514,821 | ) | - | |||||
| Proceeds from sale of long-term investment | 10,535,062 | - | ||||||
| Impact to cash resulting from deconsolidation of a subsidiary | (632,754 | ) | - | |||||
| Net cash flows used in investing activities | (4,342,841 | ) | (11,493,139 | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||
| Proceeds from short-term bank loans | 12,725,676 | 19,611,969 | ||||||
| Repayments of short-term bank loans | (22,331,365 | ) | (13,526,998 | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from non-financial institution borrowings | 10,386,681 | 4,508,499 | ||||||
| Repayments of non-financial institution borrowings | (3,857,910 | ) | (601,133 | ) | ||||
| Repayment of long-term bank loans | - | (1,803,399 | ) | |||||
| Proceeds from notes payable | 90,871,294 | 59,952,794 | ||||||
| Repayments of notes payable | (69,511,376 | ) | (57,731,108 | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from exercise of employee options | 802,691 | 35,010 | ||||||
| Repayment from GZ Highpower | 6,035,600 | - | ||||||
| Change in restricted cash | (13,498,698 | ) | (320,093 | ) | ||||
| Net cash flows provided by financing activities | 11,622,593 | 10,125,541 | ||||||
| Effect of foreign currency translation on cash | 1,980,713 | 47,212 | ||||||
| Net increase in cash | 5,177,778 | 3,474,426 | ||||||
| Cash - beginning of year | 9,324,393 | 5,849,967 | ||||||
| Cash - end of year | 14,502,171 | 9,324,393 | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosures for cash flow information: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for: | ||||||||
| Income taxes | 1,700,149 | 1,163,950 | ||||||
| Interest expenses | 1,550,878 | 1,229,173 | ||||||
| Non-cash investing and financing activities: | ||||||||
| Offset of deferred income related to government grant and property, plant and equipment | 263,948 | 229,951 | ||||||
| Transfer of equipment to Yipeng | - | 7,156,717 | ||||||
See notes to consolidated financial statements
| F-7 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 1. | Principal activities and organization |
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Highpower International, Inc. ("Highpower") and its 100%-owned subsidiary Hong Kong Highpower Technology Company Limited (“HKHTC”), HKHTC’s wholly-owned subsidiary Shenzhen Highpower Technology Company Limited (“SZ Highpower”), SZ Highpower’s wholly owned subsidiary Huizhou Highpower Technology Company Limited (“HZ HTC”) and SZ Highpower’s and HKHTC’s jointly owned subsidiaries, Springpower Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited (“SZ Springpower”) and Icon Energy System Company Limited (“ICON”). Highpower and its direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the "Company".
Highpower was incorporated in the State of Delaware on January 3, 2006. HKHTC was incorporated in Hong Kong on July 4, 2003. All other subsidiaries are incorporated in the People’s Republic of China ("PRC").
On December 11, 2017, GZ Highpower signed an Agreement on Capital Increase and Share Enlargement (the “Agreement”) with Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd. ("Xiamen Tungsten") and Mr. Ou, the General Manager of GZ Highpower. Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, GZ Highpower will receive a total of RMB92.8 million (approximately $14.3 million), including RMB78.9 million (approximately $12.1 million) from Xiamen Tungsten in exchange for 55.294% ownership of GZ Highpower (the “Transaction”). The Transaction was completed on December 21, 2017 upon the receipt of the payments by GZ Highpower. After the Transaction, SZ Highpower holds 31.294% of the equity interest of GZ Highpower. The Company no longer holds the controlling equity interest of GZ Highpower and deconsolidated GZ Highpower on December 21, 2017.
The Company’s principal activities are described as follows:
| Name of company | Place and date incorporation |
Principal activities | ||
| HKHTC |
Hong Kong July 4, 2003 |
Investment holding and marketing of batteries | ||
| SZ Highpower |
PRC October 8, 2002 |
Manufacturing, marketing and research of Ni-MH batteries | ||
| SZ Springpower |
PRC June 4, 2008 |
Manufacturing, marketing and research of lithium batteries | ||
| ICON |
PRC February 23, 2011 |
Design and production of advanced battery packs and systems | ||
| HZ HTC |
PRC March 8, 2012 |
Manufacturing, marketing and research of lithium batteries |
| F-8 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 2. | Summary of significant accounting policies |
Basis of presentation
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the United States generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP").
Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Highpower and its direct and indirect wholly subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company deconsolidates a subsidiary as of the date the Company ceases to have a controlling financial interest in that subsidiary. In 2017, the Company deconsolidated GZ Highpower (See Note 12).
Reclassification
The Company has reclassified certain comparative balances in the consolidated balance sheet for December 31, 2016 and comparative balance in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income to conform to the current period’s presentation. The reclassification includes the segregation of: 1) the balance of long-term prepayments related to the advances paid to equipment suppliers from the balance of prepayments and other receivables; 2) the balance of advances to suppliers related to raw materials from the balance of prepayments and other receivables; and 3) the amount of government grants from other income. The reclassification did not have an impact on the reported total assets, liabilities, stockholders’ equity and operations and comprehensive income.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the allowance for doubtful receivables; recoverability of the carrying amount of inventory; fair value of financial instruments; provisional amounts based on reasonable estimates for certain income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) and the assessment of deferred tax assets or liabilities. These estimates are often based on complex judgments and assumptions that management believes to be reasonable but are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Concentrations of credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of accounts receivable. The Company extends credit based on an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition, generally without requiring collateral or other security. In order to minimize the credit risk, the management of the Company has delegated a team responsible for determining credit limits, credit approvals and other monitoring procedures to ensure that follow-up action is taken to recover overdue debts. Further, the Company reviews the recoverable amount of each individual trade debt at each balance sheet date with the consideration of credit insurance to ensure that adequate impairment losses are made for irrecoverable amounts. In this regard, the management of the Company considers that the Company’s credit risk is significantly reduced.
No customer accounted for 10% or more of net sales during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
No supplier accounted for or over 10% of our total purchase amount during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
There was one major customer accounted for 10.1% of the accounts receivable as of December 31, 2017. There was no customer accounted for 10% or more of the accounts receivable as of December 31, 2016.
| F-9 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 2. | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) |
Cash
Cash include all cash on hand and cash in bank with no restrictions.
Restricted cash
Restricted cash include time deposit pledged for bank loan facilities within one-year maturities, cash deposit for bank acceptance bills within six-month maturities and special bank accounts required by government grant.
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable are stated at the original amount less an allowance for doubtful receivables, if any, based on a review of all outstanding amounts at period end. An allowance is also made when there is objective evidence that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of the receivables. The Company analyzes the aging of the customer accounts, coverage of credit insurance, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness, historical and current economic trends and changes in its customer payment patterns when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts.
Notes receivable
Notes receivable represent banks’ acceptances that have been arranged with third-party financial institutions by certain customers to settle their purchases from us. These banks’ acceptances are non-interest bearing and are collectible within six months.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. Inventories include raw materials, packing materials, consumables, work in progress and finished goods. The variable production overhead is allocated to each unit of production on the basis of the actual use of the production facilities. The allocation of fixed production overhead to the costs of conversion is based on the normal capacity of the production facilities.
Where there is evidence that the utility of inventories, in their disposal in the ordinary course of business, will be less than cost, whether due to physical deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price levels, or other causes, the inventories are written down to net realizable value. The Company wrote down inventories of $1,109,702 and $87,236 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
| F-10 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 2. | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) |
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost represents the purchase price of the asset and other costs incurred to bring the asset into its existing use. Maintenance, repairs and betterments, including replacement of minor items, are charged to expense; major additions to physical properties are capitalized.
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is provided using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives:
| Buildings | 20-40 years |
| Furniture, fixtures and office equipment | 5 years |
| Leasehold improvement | Shorter of the remaining lease terms or estimated useful lives |
| Machinery and equipment | 10 years |
| Motor vehicles | 5 years |
Upon sale or disposal, the applicable amounts of asset cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the net amount less proceeds from disposal is charged or credited to income.
Construction in progress represents capital expenditures for direct costs of construction or acquisition and design fees incurred, and the interest expenses directly related to the construction. Capitalization of these costs ceases and the construction in progress is transferred to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the assets for their intended use are completed. Construction in progress is not depreciated.
Long-term investments
For an investee over which the Company holds less than 20% voting interest and has no ability to exercise significant influence, the investments are accounted for under the cost method.
For an investee over which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not have a controlling interest, the Company accounted for those using the equity method. Significant influence is generally considered to exist when the Company has an ownership interest in the voting stock of the investee between 20% and 50%. Other factors, such as representation on the investee’s board of directors, voting rights and the impact of commercial arrangements, are also considered in determining whether the equity method of accounting is appropriate.
An impairment charge is recorded if the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its fair value and this condition is determined to be other-than temporary. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, management believes no impairment charge is necessary.
Land use rights
Land use rights represent payments for the rights to use certain parcels of land for a certain period of time in the PRC. Land use rights are carried at cost and charged to expense on a straight-line basis over 50 years the rights are granted.
| F-11 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 2. | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) |
Other assets
Other assets represent the long-term rental deposits and a royalty-bearing, non-exclusive license to use certain patents owned by an unrelated party ("License Provider"), to manufacture rechargeable nickel metal hydride batteries for portable consumer applications (“Consumer Batteries”) in the PRC, and a royalty-bearing, non-exclusive worldwide license to use certain patents owned by License Provider to manufacture, sell and distribute Consumer Batteries.
Government grants
Conditional government grants are recognized as deferred income when received. Specifically, government grants whose primary condition is that the Company should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire non-current assets is recognized on the consolidated balance sheet as deferred income and deducted in calculating the carrying amount of the related asset. The revenue from such grants is recognized in profit or loss over the life of the related depreciable asset as a reduction of depreciation expense. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded deferred income of $309,638 and $761,491, respectively, for the government grants to purchase non-current assets.
Government grants as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the Company with no future related benefit are recognized in the period in which they become receivable. Approximately $1,357,852 and $1,762,266 government grant were recognized for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Impairment of long-lived assets
The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. When these events occur, the Company measures impairment by comparing the carrying value of the long-lived assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flow is less than the carrying amount of the assets, the Company would recognize an impairment loss, which is the excess of carrying amount over the fair value of the assets, using the expected future discounted cash flows.
Revenue recognition
The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the sales price is fixed or determinable, delivery of the product has occurred, title and risk of loss have transferred to the customers and collectability of the receivable is reasonably assured. The majority of domestic sales contracts transfer title and risk of loss to customers upon receipt of product by customer. The majority of oversea sales contracts transfer title and risk of loss to customers when goods were delivered to the carriers. Revenue is presented net of sales tax and value added tax.
The Company does not have arrangements for returns from customers and does not have any future obligations directly or indirectly related to product resale by customers. The Company has no sales incentive programs.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales consists primarily of material costs, labor costs, depreciation and related expenses, which are directly attributable to the production of products. Write-down of inventories to lower of cost or net realizable value is also recorded in cost of sales.
| F-12 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 2. | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) |
Research and development
Research and development expenses include expenses directly attributable to the conduct of research and development programs, including the expenses of salaries, employee benefits, materials, supplies, and maintenance of research equipment. All expenses associated with research and development are expensed as incurred.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company recognizes compensation expense associated with the issuance of equity instruments to employees for their services. The fair value of the equity instruments is estimated on the date of grant and is expensed in the financial statements over the vesting period. The input assumptions used in determining fair value are the expected life, expected volatility, risk-free rate and the dividend yield.
Share-based compensation associated with the issuance of equity instruments to non-employees is recorded at the fair value on the measurement date. The measurement of stock-based compensation at fair value is subject to periodic adjustment at each reporting period.
Income taxes
The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates, applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
Uncertain tax positions
The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes using a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized and recorded as necessary in the provision for income taxes. According to the PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law, the statute of limitations is three years if the underpayment of taxes is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or the withholding agent. The statute of limitations is extended to five years under special circumstances, where the underpayment of taxes is more than RMB 100,000. In the case of transfer pricing issues, the statute of limitation is ten years. There is no statute of limitation in the case of tax evasion. There were no uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the Company does not believe that its unrecognized tax benefits will change over the next twelve months.
Comprehensive income
Comprehensive income is comprised of the Company’s net income and other comprehensive income. The component of other comprehensive income or loss is consisted solely of foreign currency translation adjustments, net of the income tax effect.
| F-13 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 2. | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) |
Foreign currency translation and transactions
Highpower’s functional currency is the United States dollar ("US$"). HKHTC's functional currency is the Hong Kong dollar ("HK$"). The functional currency of Highpower's other direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries in the PRC is the Renminbi ("RMB").
Most of the Company’s oversea sales are priced and settled with US$. At the date a foreign currency transaction is recognized, each asset, liability, revenue, expense, gain, or loss arising from the transaction is measured initially in the functional currency of the recording entity by use of the exchange rate in effect at that date. The increase or decrease in expected functional currency cash flows upon settlement of a transaction resulting from a change in exchange rates between the functional currency and the currency in which the transaction is denominated is recognized as foreign currency transaction gain or loss that is included in earnings for the period in which the exchange rate changes. At each balance sheet date, recorded balances that are denominated in a foreign currency are adjusted to reflect the current exchange rate.
The Company’s reporting currency is US$. Assets and liabilities of HKHTC and the PRC subsidiaries are translated at the current exchange rate at the balance sheet dates, revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates during the reporting periods, and equity accounts are translated at historical rates. Translation adjustments are reported in other comprehensive income.
Segment Reporting
The Company uses the “management approach” in determining reportable segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by the Company's chief operating decision maker for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source for determining the Company's reportable segments. The Company’s reportable segments are based on products, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company. Therefore the Company categorizes its business into three reportable segments, namely (i) Lithium Business; (ii) Ni-MH Batteries and Accessories; and (iii) New Material.
Fair value of financial instruments
The carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash, restricted cash, trade and other receivables, deposits, trade and other payables and short-term borrowings, approximate their fair value due to the short-term maturity of such instruments.
ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.
ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
| F-14 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 2. | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) |
Fair value of financial instruments (continued)
The Company measures fair value using three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
-Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
-Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.
-Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
Foreign Exchange Derivatives
From time to time the Company may utilize foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the impact of foreign currency exchange rate risk. Management considered that the foreign currency forwards did not meet the criteria for designated hedging instruments and hedged transactions to qualify for cash flow hedge or fair value hedge accounting. The currency forwards therefore are accounted for as derivatives, with fair value changes reported as gain (loss) of derivative instruments in the statements of operations. The derivatives asset is recognized in the balance sheet at the fair value (level 2).
Warrant Liability
For warrants that are not indexed to the Company’s stock, the Company records the fair value of the issued warrants as a liability at each balance sheet date and records changes in the estimated fair value as a non-cash gain or loss in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. The warrant liability is recognized in the balance sheet at the fair value (level 3). The fair value of these warrants have been determined using the Black-Scholes pricing mode. The Black-Scholes pricing model provides for assumptions regarding volatility, call and put features and risk-free interest rates within the total period to maturity. The Company revalued the warrants utilizing a binomial model as of December 31, 2016 with no material difference in the value. The warrants expired on April 17, 2017.
Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing income attributable to holders of common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted into common shares.
| F-15 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 2. | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) |
Recently issued accounting pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”), which was subsequently modified in August 2015 by ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Deferral of the Effective Date. This guidance will be effective for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2017. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that companies should recognize revenue when the transfer of promised goods or services to customers occurs in an amount that reflects what the company expects to receive. It requires additional disclosures to describe the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows from contracts with customers. In 2016, the FASB issued additional ASUs that clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations (ASU 2016-08), on identifying performance obligations and licensing (ASU 2016-10), and on narrow-scope improvements and practical expedients (ASU 2016-12) as well as on the revenue recognition criteria and other technical corrections (ASU 2016-20). In 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2017-05, Other Income—Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20), which was originally issued in ASU 2014-09. The amendments in this Update require that an entity to initially measure a retained non-controlling interest in a nonfinancial asset at fair value consistent with a how a retained non-controlling interest in a business is measured.
During 2017, the Company made significant progress toward its evaluation of the potential changes from adopting the new standard on its future financial reporting and disclosures. The Company has established a cross-functional implementation team on assessment on the five-step model of the new standard to its revenue contracts.
Under Topic 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. It also impacts certain other areas, such as the accounting for costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. The standard also requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.
Management has adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018 using the modified-retrospective approach, in which case the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the date of initial application. The Company also estimates there will not be a material impact to the beginning balance of retained earnings.
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740). Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes which requires entities to present deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as noncurrent on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2017 and it was applied retrospectively for all prior periods.
On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). It requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. Public business entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2016-02 for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted for all public business entities and all nonpublic business entities upon issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230). The amendments in this update provide guidance on eight specific cash flow issue. It applies to all entities. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
| F-16 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 2. | Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) |
Recently issued accounting pronouncements (continued)
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740). The amendments in this Update is to improve the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory and align the recognition of income tax consequences for intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Public business entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2016-16 for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230). The amendments in this Update require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. The amendments in this Update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). The amendments in this Update allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Consequently, the amendments eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. However, because the amendments only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected. The amendments in this Update also require certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. Public business entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2018-02 for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the amendments in this Update is permitted, including adoption in any interim period, (1) for public business entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued and (2) for all other entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been made available for issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2018-02 on its consolidated financial statements.
The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the consolidated financial position, statements of operations and cash flows.
| F-17 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 3. | Restricted cash |
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Securities for bank acceptance bill | 21,837,690 | 10,541,105 | ||||||
| Time deposit | 3,982,226 | 151,083 | ||||||
| Government subsidy deposit | 134,030 | 521,452 | ||||||
| 25,953,946 | 11,213,640 | |||||||
As of December 31, 2017, cash of $21.8 million was restricted by eight banks for bank acceptance bill, cash of $4.0 million was restricted for short-term bank loan and cash of $0.1 million was restricted under supervision by the Government due to government subsidy granted.
As of December 31, 2016, cash of $10.5 million was restricted by five banks for bank acceptance bill, cash of $0.2 million was restricted for short-term bank loan and cash of $0.5 million was restricted under supervision by the Government due to government subsidy granted.
| 4. | Accounts receivable, net |
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Accounts receivable | 61,431,785 | 49,460,347 | ||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | (3,178,786 | ) | (3,179,578 | ) | ||||
| 58,252,999 | 46,280,769 | |||||||
The Company recorded bad debt expense of $58,728 and $1,176,208 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company write-off accounts receivable against the allowance for doubtful accounts of $100,213 and $42,897 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
| 5. | Advances to suppliers |
Balances of advances to suppliers were $6,050,531 and $2,007,184 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which represented prepayments to suppliers for raw material.
| 6. | Prepayments and other receivables |
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Value-added tax (“VAT”) prepayment | 3,132,236 | 1,100,319 | ||||||
| Rental deposit | 12,523 | 266,883 | ||||||
| Prepaid insurance fee | 6,098 | 259,113 | ||||||
| Advances to staff for daily operations | 180,850 | 81,502 | ||||||
| Compensation receivable for land occupation | 486,019 | 455,115 | ||||||
| Other receivables from third parties (1) | 444,263 | 1,508,278 | ||||||
| Prepaid expense | 492,557 | 477,925 | ||||||
| 4,754,546 | 4,149,135 | |||||||
| Less: allowance for doubtful accounts | 486,019 | 455,115 | ||||||
| 4,268,527 | 3,694,020 | |||||||
(1) Other receivables from third parties represented the receivable of equipment deposit from an equipment supplier as of December 31, 2017. Other receivables from third parties represented payment of $532,389 due on demand and the receivable of equipment deposit from an equipment supplier of $975,889 as of December 31, 2016.
| F-18 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 7. | Long-term prepayments |
Balances of long-term prepayments were $3,715,445 and $1,198,668 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which represented prepayments for equipment purchases.
| 8. | Inventories |
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Raw materials | 21,428,315 | 6,492,755 | ||||||
| Work in progress | 6,931,486 | 4,878,856 | ||||||
| Finished goods | 14,284,563 | 10,608,180 | ||||||
| Packing materials | 36,797 | 21,083 | ||||||
| Consumables | 265,483 | 206,459 | ||||||
| 42,946,644 | 22,207,333 | |||||||
9. Property, plant and equipment, net
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Cost | ||||||||
| Construction in progress | 1,330,643 | 715,188 | ||||||
| Furniture, fixtures and office equipment | 5,794,983 | 4,025,635 | ||||||
| Leasehold improvement | 7,080,409 | 5,865,909 | ||||||
| Machinery and equipment | 33,176,416 | 27,526,572 | ||||||
| Motor vehicles | 1,498,605 | 1,496,628 | ||||||
| Building | 20,169,197 | 21,797,158 | ||||||
| 69,050,253 | 61,427,090 | |||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | 22,529,477 | 17,922,099 | ||||||
| 46,520,776 | 43,504,991 | |||||||
The Company recorded depreciation expenses of $5,152,396 and $4,797,968 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, deferred income related to government grants of $263,948 and $229,951, respectively, was reduced from the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment.
During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded nil and $530,914 of impairment loss of machinery and equipment, respectively.
The buildings comprising the Huizhou facilities were pledged as collateral for bank loans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. The net carrying amounts of the buildings were $9,224,694 and $8,864,837 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The building located in Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong was pledged as collateral for bank loans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. The net carrying amount of the buildings was $396,843 and $394,640 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The buildings comprising the Ganzhou facilities were pledged as collateral for short-term loans and bank acceptance bills drawn under certain lines of credit as of December 31, 2016. The carrying amount of the building was $2,594,975 as of December 31, 2016 (See Note 12).
| F-19 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 10. | Land use rights, net |
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Cost | ||||||||
| Land located in Huizhou | 3,299,539 | 3,089,739 | ||||||
| Land located in Ganzhou | - | 1,205,368 | ||||||
| 3,299,539 | 4,295,107 | |||||||
| Accumulated amortization | (659,908 | ) | (672,672 | ) | ||||
| Net | 2,639,631 | 3,622,435 | ||||||
As of December 31, 2017, land use right included certain parcel of land located in Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, PRC. Land use rights for land in Huizhou City with an area of approximately 126,605 square meters will expire on May 23, 2057. As of December 31, 2016, land use right also included certain parcel of land located in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, PRC. Land use rights for land in Ganzhou City with an area of approximately 58,669 square meters will expire on January 4, 2062 (See Note 12).
Land use rights are being amortized annually using the straight-line method over a contract term of 50 years. Estimated amortization for the coming years is as follows:
| For the years ending December 31, | $ | |||
| 2018 | 63,724 | |||
| 2019 | 63,724 | |||
| 2020 | 63,724 | |||
| 2021 | 63,724 | |||
| 2022 | 63,724 | |||
| Thereafter | 2,321,011 | |||
| 2,639,631 | ||||
The Company recorded amortization expenses of $88,584 and $89,720 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The land use right for land located in Huizhou was pledged as collateral for bank loans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The land use right for land located in Ganzhou City was pledged as collateral for bank loans as of December 31, 2016.
| F-20 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 11. | Other assets |
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Consumer battery license fee (1) | 450,000 | 500,000 | ||||||
| Long-term rental deposit | 298,431 | - | ||||||
| 748,431 | 500,000 | |||||||
(1) The Company is amortizing the $1,000,000 cost of the Consumer Battery License Agreement with a License Provider over a period of 20 years on the straight line basis in accordance with the terms of license (See Note 13).
Amortization expenses included in research and development expense were $50,000 for both the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
| 12. | Long-term investments |
Investment to Yipeng
In 2016, the Company invested an aggregate amount of RMB65.0 million (approximately $10.0 million) in exchange for 35.4% of the equity interest of Yipeng, which was recorded under the equity method as of December 31, 2016.
On May 5, 2017, the Company entered into an Agreement for Equity Transfer and Capital Increase (the “Equity Transfer Agreement”) with a third party, Xiamen Jiupai Yuanjiang New Power Equity Investment Partnership ("New Power"). New Power invested RMB60.0 million (approximately $9.2 million) for a 20% equity interest in Yipeng, which the business registration was completed on June 8, 2017, and the Company received RMB71.0 million (approximately $10.9 million) in cash from New Power for the sales of 25,145,834 shares in Yipeng on July 27, 2017 (collectively, the “Equity Transfer Transaction”). After the Equity Transfer Transaction, the Company’s equity ownership in Yipeng decreased from 35.4% to 4.654%, and the Company lost the ability to exercise significant influence over Yipeng, discontinued the use of equity method accounting and applied the cost method.
The Company recognized gain on dilution in equity method investee of $500,270 for the year ended December 31, 2017 in connection with the additional equity issuance of Yipeng to New Power. The Company recognized gain on sales for $1,677,367 in connection with the sales of its shares in Yipeng to New Power.
The equity in earnings of investee was $107,243 and $351,755 from January 1, 2017 to July 27, 2017 and from May 12, 2016 to December 31, 2016, respectively.
Deconsolidation of GZ Highpower
On December 11, 2017, GZ Highpower signed the Agreement with Xiamen Tungsten and Mr. Ou, the General Manager of GZ Highpower. Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, GZ Highpower will receive a total of RMB92.8 million (approximately $14.3 million), including RMB78.9 million (approximately $12.1 million) from Xiamen Tungsten in exchange for 55.294% ownership of GZ Highpower. The Transaction was completed on December 21, 2017 upon the receipt of the payments by GZ Highpower. After the Transaction, the Company lost the controlling power over GZ Highpower and deconsolidated GZ Highpower. As of December 31, 2017, the Company held 31.294% of the equity interest of GZ Highpower which was recorded under the equity method.
In connection with the Transaction, RMB 40 million (approximately $6.1 million) of the proceeds was received by the Company in the form of repayments of loans and related interests that were previously extended by the Company to GZ Highpower.
During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized gain amounting to $6,004,008 arising from deconsolidation of GZ Highpower which was completed on December 21, 2017.
| F-21 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 13. | Other payables and accrued liabilities |
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Accrued expenses | 1,140,443 | 1,011,866 | ||||||
| Accrued payroll | 7,442,056 | 6,094,843 | ||||||
| Royalty payable | 427,986 | 400,773 | ||||||
| VAT payable | 94,612 | 554,064 | ||||||
| Sales deposits received | 1,759,021 | 1,582,141 | ||||||
| Other payables | 1,379,227 | 1,504,869 | ||||||
| 12,243,345 | 11,148,556 | |||||||
| 14. | Taxation |
Highpower and its direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries file tax returns separately.
1) VAT
Pursuant to the Provisional Regulation of the PRC on VAT and the related implementing rules, all entities and individuals ("taxpayers") that are engaged in the sale of products in the PRC are generally required to pay VAT at a rate of 17% of the gross sales proceeds received, less any deductible VAT already paid or borne by the taxpayers. Further, when exporting goods, the exporter is entitled to a portion of or all the refund of VAT that it has already paid or incurred. The Company’s PRC subsidiaries are subject to VAT at 17% of their revenues.
2) Income tax
United States
Tax Reform
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Act was signed into legislation. The 2017 Tax Act significantly revises the U.S. corporate income tax by, among other things, lowering the statutory corporate tax rate from 34% to 21%, imposing a mandatory one-time tax on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries, introducing new tax regimes, and changing how foreign earnings are subject to U.S. tax.
On December 22, 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”), which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740, Income Taxes. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements.
As of December 31, 2017, the Company has not completed its accounting for certain tax effects of enactment of the Tax Act; however, as described below, the Company has made reasonable estimates of the effects on our existing deferred tax balances and the one-time transition tax. The Company expects to finalize these provisional estimates before the end of 2018 after completing our reviews and analysis, including reviews and analysis of any interpretations issued during this re-measurement period.
| F-22 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 14. | Taxation (continued) |
United States (continued)
The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will apply in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or paid.
The one-time transition tax is based on the total post-1986 earnings and profits (“E&P”) for which the Company has previously deferred U.S. income taxes. The Company recognized a one-time transition tax of $0.8 million on previously deferred foreign earnings of $17.0 million. The Company expects to make adjustments to this provisional estimate based on additional clarifying and interpretative technical guidance to be issued related to the calculation of the one-time transition tax.
Hong Kong
HKHTC, which was incorporated in Hong Kong, is subject to a corporate income tax rate of 16.5%.
PRC
In accordance with the relevant tax laws and regulations of the PRC, a company registered in the PRC is subject to income taxes within the PRC at the applicable tax rate on taxable income.
In China, the companies granted with National High-tech Enterprise (“NHTE”) status enjoy 15% income tax rate. This status needs to be renewed every three years. If these subsidiaries fail to renew NHTE status, they will be subject to income tax at a rate of 25% after the expiration of NHTE status. All the PRC subsidiaries received NHTE status and enjoy 15% income tax rate for calendar year 2017 and 2016.
The components of the provision for income taxes expenses are:
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Current | 3,940,699 | 1,471,933 | ||||||
| Deferred | 374,626 | (32,756 | ) | |||||
| Total income taxes expenses | 4,315,325 | 1,439,177 | ||||||
| F-23 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 14. | Taxation (continued) |
The reconciliation of income taxes expenses computed at the PRC statutory tax rate applicable to income tax expense is as follows:
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Income before tax | 21,529,221 | 7,066,954 | ||||||
| Provision for income taxes at PRC statutory income tax rate (25%) | 5,382,305 | 1,766,739 | ||||||
| Impact of different tax rates in other jurisdictions | (75,504 | ) | 100,139 | |||||
| Effect of PRC preferential tax rate | (2,313,343 | ) | (959,453 | ) | ||||
| R&D expenses eligible for super deduction | (451,003 | ) | (546,088 | ) | ||||
| Other non-deductible expenses | 754,820 | 146,493 | ||||||
| Toll-charge from the Tax Act | 5,773,436 | - | ||||||
| Foreign tax credits | (2,063,810 | ) | - | |||||
| Change in valuation allowance of deferred tax assets | (2,691,576 | ) | 931,347 | |||||
| Effective enterprise income tax | 4,315,325 | 1,439,177 | ||||||
3) Deferred tax assets, net
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities reflect the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purpose and the tax bases used for income tax purpose. The following represents the tax effect of each major type of temporary difference.
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Tax loss carry-forward | 991,766 | 4,274,881 | ||||||
| Allowance for doubtful receivables | 136,562 | 121,932 | ||||||
| Impairment for inventory | 222,289 | 98,276 | ||||||
| Difference for sales cut-off | 17,322 | 14,245 | ||||||
| Deferred income | 46,446 | 114,224 | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment subsidized by government grant | 269,344 | 468,313 | ||||||
| Impairment for property, plant and equipment | 58,304 | 76,248 | ||||||
| Total gross deferred tax assets | 1,742,033 | 5,168,119 | ||||||
| Valuation allowance | (991,766 | ) | (3,690,358 | ) | ||||
| Total net deferred tax assets | 750,267 | 1,477,761 | ||||||
As of December 31, 2017, the Company had net operating loss carry-forwards in Hong Kong of $6,010,701 and all of these losses do not expire.
Valuation allowance was provided against deferred tax assets in entities where it was determined, it was more likely than not that the benefits of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company had deferred tax assets which consisted of tax loss carry-forwards and others, which can be carried forward to offset future taxable income. The management determines it is more likely than not that part of deferred tax assets could not be utilized, so allowance was provided as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. The net valuation allowance decreased by approximately $2.7 million and increased by approximately $0.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
| F-24 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 15. | Notes payable |
Notes payable are presented to certain suppliers as a payment against the outstanding trade payables.
Notes payable are mainly bank acceptable bills which are non-interest bearing and generally mature within six months. The outstanding bank acceptance bills are secured by restricted cash deposited in banks. Outstanding bank acceptance bills were $54,859,478 and $30,658,000 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
| 16. | Short-term loans |
As of December 31, 2017, the bank borrowings were for working capital and capital expenditure purposes and were secured by personal guarantees executed by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Dang Yu Pan and his wife of the Company, the time deposit with a carrying amount of $ 3,982,226, the land use right with a net carrying amount of $2,639,631 and the buildings with a net carrying amount of $9,621,537, respectively.
The loans as of December 31, 2017 were primarily obtained from two banks with interest rates ranging from 5.000% to 5.8725% per annum. The interest expenses were $909,878 and $925,115 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The weighted average interest rates of short-term loans outstanding were 4.34% and 5.18% per annum as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
| 17. | Non-financial institution borrowings |
In 2016, the Company obtained $3,005,666 borrowings from a third party non-financial institution and $1,502,833 from an individual, which were used for working capital and capital expenditure purposes. The interest rates for the borrowings were 5.66%. The borrowings are personally guaranteed by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Dang Yu Pan. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company paid $601,133 back to the third party non-financial institution.
In 2017, the Company obtained borrowings from a third party non-financial institution in amount of $1,483,812 and an individual in an amount of $8,902,870, which were used for working capital and capital expenditure purposes. The interest rates for the borrowings were 5.655% and 5.66% per annum, respectively. The borrowings are personally guaranteed by the Company's Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Dang Yu Pan. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company paid back $2,374,099 to the third party non-financial institution and $1,483,811 to the individual, respectively.
The interest expenses of the above borrowings were $622,694 and $157,740 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
| F-25 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 18. | Lines of credit |
The Company entered into various credit contracts and revolving lines of credit, which were used for short-term loans and bank acceptance bills. The following tables summarize the unused lines of credit as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:
| December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||
| Lender | Starting date | Maturity date | Maximum Amount Available of Line of Credit | Unused line of credit | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||||||
| Ping An Bank Co., Ltd. (1) | 3/17/2017 | 3/16/2018 | 10,756,158 | 3,130,042 | ||||||||
| Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (1) | 8/24/2017 | 8/31/2018 | 7,682,970 | 6,146,376 | ||||||||
| Jiang Su Bank Co., Ltd. (1) | 4/20/2017 | 4/19/2018 | 3,841,485 | 113,708 | ||||||||
| Jiang Su Bank Co., Ltd. (2) | 7/3/2017 | 7/2/2018 | 2,560,990 | 7,171 | ||||||||
| Industrial Bank Co., Ltd. (1) | 9/20/2017 | 9/20/2018 | 3,073,188 | 517,832 | ||||||||
| Guangdong Huaxing Bank (1) | 10/26/2017 | 9/27/2018 | 9,219,564 | 3,543,386 | ||||||||
| Hua Xia Bank Co., Ltd. (2) | 10/23/2017 | 10/23/2018 | 7,682,970 | 4,745,002 | ||||||||
| China Minsheng Banking Corp., Ltd. (1) | 11/14/2017 | 11/14/2018 | 5,121,980 | 1,280,495 | ||||||||
| Bank of China (1) | 7/11/2016 | 7/11/2019 | 13,445,197 | 8,279,168 | ||||||||
| Bank of China (1) | 7/12/2016 | 7/12/2019 | 12,292,752 | 3,366,677 | ||||||||
| Bank of China (1) | 7/25/2016 | 7/25/2019 | 4,097,584 | 143,928 | ||||||||
| Total | 79,774,838 | 31,273,785 | ||||||||||
| December 31, 2016 | ||||||||||||
| Lender | Starting date | Maturity date | Maximum Amount Available of Line of Credit | Unused line of credit | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||||||
| Bank of China (1) | 7/11/2016 | 7/11/2019 | 12,590,290 | 1,444,934 | ||||||||
| China Everbright Bank Co., Ltd. (1) | 12/28/2016 | 12/27/2017 | 7,194,452 | 7,194,452 | ||||||||
| Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (1) | 7/1/2016 | 6/30/2017 | 7,194,452 | 4,316,671 | ||||||||
| China Minsheng Banking Corp., Ltd. (1) | 11/1/2016 | 11/1/2017 | 3,597,226 | 287,778 | ||||||||
| Bank of China (1) | 7/12/2016 | 7/12/2019 | 10,483,344 | 111 | ||||||||
| Industrial Bank Co., Ltd. (1) | 10/28/2016 | 10/28/2017 | 7,194,452 | 2,409,882 | ||||||||
| Hua Xia Bank Co., Ltd. (2) | 6/1/2016 | 6/1/2017 | 4,316,671 | 2,298,681 | ||||||||
| Bank of China (1) | 7/25/2016 | 7/25/2019 | 3,837,041 | 124,892 | ||||||||
| Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (1) | 8/26/2016 | 7/15/2017 | 4,000,000 | 4,000,000 | ||||||||
| Total | 60,407,928 | 22,077,401 | ||||||||||
| (1) | The lines of credits are guaranteed by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Dang Yu Pan. |
| (2) | The lines of credit are guaranteed by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Dang Yu Pan, and his wife. |
Certain of the agreements governing the Company’s loans include standard affirmative and negative as well as financial covenants, including restrictions on granting additional pledges on the Company’s property and incurring additional debt and obligations to provide advance notice of major corporate actions, and other covenants including: that the borrower may not serve as a guarantor for more than double its net assets; that the borrower is restricted in certain circumstances from using the loans in connection with related party transactions or other transactions with affiliates; that the borrower must provide monthly reports to certain lenders describing the actual use of loans; that the borrower may need to obtain approval to engage in major corporate transactions; that the borrower’s asset-liability ratio need be lower than 75%; and that the borrower may need to obtain approval to increase overseas investments, guarantee additional debt or incur additional debt by an amount which exceeds 20% of its total net assets should the lender determine that such action would have a material impact on the ability of the borrower to repay the loan. The covenants in these loan agreements could prohibit the Company from incurring any additional debt without consent from its lenders. The Company believes it would be able to obtain consents from the lenders in the event it needed to do so. The agreements governing the Company’s loans may also include covenants that, in certain circumstances, may require the Company’s PRC operating subsidiaries to give notice to, or obtain consent from, certain of their lenders prior to making a distribution of net profit, as well as covenants restricting the ability of the Company’s PRC operating subsidiaries from extending loans.
| F-26 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 19. | Share-based compensation |
Under the Company’s 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2008 Plan") a total of two million shares were reserved for issuance. In October 2017, the Company ceased granting awards under the 2008 Plan and there were 47,046 remaining shares available for grant under the 2008 Plan. Under the terms of the 2008 Plan, options were granted with a contractual term of ten years and generally vest over three to five years with an exercise price equal to the fair market value on the date of grant. Incentive stock options (ISOs) granted must have an exercise price equal to or greater than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Repricing of stock options and stock appreciation rights (SARs) is permitted without stockholder approval. If a particular award agreement so provides, certain change in control transactions may cause such awards granted under the 2008 Plan to vest at an accelerated rate, unless the awards are continued or substituted for in connection with the transaction.
A total of 2,250,000 shares were reserved for issuance under the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”), which was adopted on October 3, 2017. As of December 31, 2017, 2,250,000 shares were available for future grant under the 2017 Plan. The 2017 Plan authorizes the issuance of awards including stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), restricted stock, unrestricted stock, SARs and other equity and/or cash performance incentive awards to employees, directors, and consultants of the Company. Subject to certain restrictions, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has broad discretion to establish the terms and conditions for awards under the 2017 Plan, including the number of shares, vesting conditions and the required service or performance criteria. Under the terms of the 2017 Plan, in general, options and SAR’s will vest over a three to five-year period with an exercise price not less than the fair market value on the date of grant. However, options may vest based on time or achievement of performance conditions. Options may contain early exercise provisions, to which the Company will have the right to repurchase any unvested shares in the event that the awardee is terminated. ISOs granted must have an exercise price equal to or greater than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The maximum term of options granted under the 2017 Plan is ten years, except that the maximum permitted term of incentive stock options granted to 10% stockholders is five years.
A summary of the option activity as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and changes during the fiscal years then ended is presented below:
Options Granted to Employees
| Number of Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Remaining Contractual Term in Years | ||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||||
| Outstanding, January 1, 2016 | 786,926 | 3.08 | 6.90 | |||||||||
| Granted | 190,000 | 2.66 | - | |||||||||
| Exercised | (13,312 | ) | 2.63 | - | ||||||||
| Forfeited | (41,678 | ) | 2.15 | - | ||||||||
| Canceled | (366,544 | ) | 3.47 | - | ||||||||
| Outstanding, December 31, 2016 | 555,392 | 2.70 | 7.39 | |||||||||
| Exercisable, December 31, 2016 | 381,392 | 2.76 | 6.67 | |||||||||
| F-27 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 19. | Share-based compensation (continued) |
Options Granted to Employees (continued)
| Number of Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Remaining Contractual Term in Years | ||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||||
| Outstanding, January 1, 2017 | 555,392 | 2.70 | 7.39 | |||||||||
| Granted | 665,000 | 4.59 | - | |||||||||
| Exercised | (294,667 | ) | 3.26 | - | ||||||||
| Forfeited | (3,619 | ) | 2.63 | - | ||||||||
| Canceled | (7,064 | ) | 2.63 | - | ||||||||
| Outstanding, December 31, 2017 | 915,042 | 4.07 | 8.34 | |||||||||
| Exercisable, December 31, 2017 | 130,042 | 2.80 | 5.74 | |||||||||
Intrinsic value is calculated as the amount by which the current market value of a share of common stock exceeds the exercise price multiplied by the number of option. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable, and vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2017, was approximately $133,000 and $298,000, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable, and vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2016 was approximately $8,000 and $8,000, respectively.
During the years ended December 31, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 665,000 shares to twenty-three employees at a weighted average grant date fair value of $3.10 per share. Thirty-six employees exercised their options to purchase 294,667 shares of the Company’s common stock. Three employees resigned and their options to purchase a total of 3,619 shares of the Company’s common stock were forfeited. These employees had resigned with 17,100 shares vested, which if not exercised with 90 days after termination, will be cancelled. Of these vested shares 10,036 shares were exercised and 7,064 shares were cancelled during the year ended December 31, 2017, and no outstanding and exercisable share as of December 31, 2017.
During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company granted options to purchase 190,000 shares to two employees at a weighted average grant date fair value of $2.66 per share. Four employees exercised their option to purchase 13,312 shares of the Company’s common stock. Thirteen employees resigned and their options to purchase a total of 41,678 shares of the Company’s common stock were forfeited. These employees had resigned with 386,920 shares vested, which if not exercised with 90 days after termination, will be cancelled. Of these vested shares 13,312 shares were exercised and 366,544 shares were cancelled during the year ended December 31, 2016, and 7,064 were outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2016.
| F-28 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 19. | Share-based compensation (continued) |
Restricted stock awards
During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company granted 115,000 shares of restricted stock to one employee and five members of the Board of Directors. The Restricted Stock Awards (“RSAs”) granted in 2017 vest over a three year period on the anniversary date of the grant at 30%, 30% and 40%, respectively, with the entire 30% vesting on the first anniversary of the grant, and thereafter on each subsequent anniversary date of the grant, the awards vest in equal installments on a 1/12th basis each month per year for the applicable percentage. RSAs granted under the incentive plans are governed by agreements between the Company and recipients of the awards. In December 2017, one member of the Board of Directors resigned, and 15,000 shares of unvested restricted stock were cancelled.
A summary of the RSA activity as of December 31, 2017 and changes during the fiscal year then ended is presented below:
| Number of Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | |||||||
| $ | ||||||||
| Outstanding, January 1, 2017 | - | - | ||||||
| Granted | 115,000 | 4.65 | ||||||
| Cancelled | (15,000 | ) | 4.65 | |||||
| Outstanding, December 31, 2017 | 100,000 | 4.65 | ||||||
Total Share-based Compensation Expense
The estimated fair value of share-based compensation for employees is recognized as a charge against income on a ratable basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. The fair value of each stock option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model under the following assumptions:
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| Dividend yield | - | - | ||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 2%-2.06% | 1.21%-1.4% | ||||||
| Expected term (in years) | 6-6.05 | 5-6.05 | ||||||
| Volatility | 76.16%-76.74% | 76.98%-79.55% | ||||||
| Forfeiture rates | 4 | % | 9 | % | ||||
As of December 31, 2017, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation awards was $2,416,032. This amount is expected to be recognized as stock-based compensation expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 2.66 years.
In connection with the grant of stock options and RSAs to employees, the Company recorded stock-based compensation charges of $326,171 and $317,946, for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. No options were granted to non-employees during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
The Company has adopted ASU 2016-09 "Improvement to employee Share-Based Payment Accounting" in Q1-2017 and has elected to account forfeitures as they occur. The cumulative effect on the retained earnings is $3,689.
| F-29 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 20. | Earnings per share |
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||
| Net income attributable to the Company | 16,772,852 | 6,117,927 | ||||||
| Denominator: | ||||||||
| Weighted-average shares outstanding | ||||||||
| - Basic | 15,326,797 | 15,105,235 | ||||||
| - Dilutive effects of equity incentive awards | 108,574 | 8,679 | ||||||
| - Diluted | 15,435,371 | 15,113,914 | ||||||
| Net income per share: | ||||||||
| - Basic | 1.09 | 0.41 | ||||||
| - Diluted | 1.09 | 0.40 | ||||||
Diluted earnings per share takes into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised and converted into common stock.
915,042 shares of outstanding stock options with a total dilutive effect of 54,325 shares were included in the computation of diluted EPS for the year ended December 31, 2017. There were 200,000 warrants with a total dilutive effect of 53,846 shares were included in the computation of diluted EPS for the year ended December 31, 2017. There were 7,064 forfeited options with a total dilutive effect of 403 shares were included in the computation of diluted EPS for the year ended December 31, 2017.
555,392 shares of outstanding stock options with a total dilutive effect of 3,435 shares were included in the computation of diluted EPS for the year ended December 31, 2016. There were 740,001 warrants with a total dilutive effect of 5,244 shares were included in the computation of diluted EPS for the year ended December 31, 2016.
| F-30 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 21. | Warrant liability |
In April 2014, the Company and certain institutional investors entered into a securities purchase agreement, pursuant to which the Company sold 1,000,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 500,000 shares of common stock in a registered direct offering at a price of $5.05 per fixed combination for aggregate proceeds of $5.05 million.
The warrants had an initial exercise price of $6.33 per share and were exercisable until April 17, 2017.
The warrants were classified as a liability. The fair value of the warrants liability is re-measured at each reporting period. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 the fair value of warrant liability was $nil and $259, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized a gain of $259 and $140,290, respectively, on the changes in the fair value of the warrant liability.
In January 2014, the Company issued to a consultant warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $2.20 per share and warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $3.80 per share. The warrants expire in January 2019.
The fair value of the warrants as of December 31, 2016 were calculated using the Black-Scholes pricing model with the following assumptions:
| Expected volatility | 56.79 | % | ||
| Risk-free interest rate | 0.53 | % | ||
| Expected term (in years) | 0.30 | |||
| Dividend rate | - |
The Company revalued the warrants utilizing a binomial model as of December 31, 2016 with no material difference in the value. The warrants expired on April 17, 2017.
The movement of the warrant for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is as following:
| Warrants | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Remaining Contractual Term in Years | ||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||||
| Outstanding, January 1, 2016 | 500,001 | 6.33 | 1.3 | |||||||||
| Granted | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Outstanding, December 31, 2016 | 500,001 | 6.33 | 0.3 | |||||||||
| Outstanding, January 1, 2017 | 500,001 | 6.33 | 0.3 | |||||||||
| Expired | (500,001 | ) | 6.33 | - | ||||||||
| Outstanding, December 31, 2017 | - | - | - | |||||||||
| F-31 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 22. | Non-controlling interest |
As of December 31, 2016, non-controlling interest related to the 30% minority interest in GZ Highpower in the consolidated balance sheet was $329,343. GZ Highpower was deconsolidated on December 21, 2017, Details see Note 12
For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, non-controlling interest related to GZ Highpower in the consolidated statements of operations was gain of $441,044 and loss of $490,150, respectively.
| 23. | Defined contribution plan |
Full-time employees of the Company in the PRC participate in a government mandated defined contribution plan, pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits (“the Benefits”) are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require that the PRC operating subsidiaries of the Company make contributions to the government for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. Except for contributions made related to the Benefits, the Company has no legal obligation.
The total contributions made, which were expensed as incurred, were $2,752,901 and $1,614,299 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
| 24. | Commitments and contingencies |
Operating leases commitments
The Company leases factory and office premises under various non-cancelable operating lease agreements that expire at various dates through years 2018 to 2022, with an option to renew the lease. All leases are on a fixed payment basis. None of the leases include contingent rentals. Minimum future commitments under these agreements as of December 31, 2017 are as follows:
| For the years ending December 31, | $ | |||
| 2018 | 3,033,333 | |||
| 2019 | 2,545,351 | |||
| 2020 | 1,726,499 | |||
| 2021 | 1,686,532 | |||
| 2022 | 703,763 | |||
| 9,695,478 | ||||
Rent expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were $2,540,031 and $1,858,577, respectively.
| F-32 |
HIGHPOWER INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 25. | Segment information |
The reportable segments are components of the Company that offer different products and are separately managed, with separate financial information available that is separately evaluated regularly by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), the Chief Executive Officer, in determining the performance of the business. The Company categorizes its business into three reportable segments, namely (i) Lithium Business; (ii) Ni-MH Batteries and Accessories; and (iii) New Materials.
The descriptions of the reportable segments have been changed from Lithium Batteries and Ni-MH Batteries to Lithium Business and Ni-MH Batteries and Accessories, respectively. Lithium Business mainly consists of lithium batteries, power storage system and power source solutions. Ni-MH Batteries and Accessories mainly consists of Ni-MH rechargeable batteries, sized batteries in blister packing as well as chargers and battery packs.
The CODM evaluates performance based on each reporting segment’s net sales, cost of sales, gross profit and total assets. Net sales, cost of sales, gross profit and total assets by segments is set out as follows:
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Net sales | ||||||||
| Lithium Business | 161,660,771 | 112,128,757 | ||||||
| Ni-MH Batteries and Accessories | 53,492,309 | 57,211,657 | ||||||
| New Materials | 29,013,232 | 4,510,699 | ||||||
| Total | 244,166,312 | 173,851,113 | ||||||
| Cost of Sales | ||||||||
| Lithium Business | 129,295,264 | 87,721,456 | ||||||
| Ni-MH Batteries and Accessories | 41,834,267 | 43,163,019 | ||||||
| New Materials | 25,662,913 | 4,884,167 | ||||||
| Total | 196,792,444 | 135,768,642 | ||||||
| Gross Profit | ||||||||
| Lithium Business | 32,365,507 | 24,407,301 | ||||||
| Ni-MH Batteries and Accessories | 11,658,042 | 14,048,638 | ||||||
| New Materials | 3,350,319 | (373,468 | ) | |||||
| Total | 47,373,868 | 38,082,471 | ||||||
| December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Total Assets | ||||||||
| Lithium Business | 171,881,450 | 115,116,508 | ||||||
| Ni-MH Batteries and Accessories | 48,383,088 | 37,994,369 | ||||||
| New Materials | - | 10,220,873 | ||||||
| Total | 220,264,538 | 163,331,750 | ||||||
| F-33 |
HIGHPOWERINTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 25. | Segment information (continued) |
All long-lived assets of the Company are located in the PRC. Geographic information about the sales and accounts receivable based on the locations of the Company’s customers is set out as follows:
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Net sales | ||||||||
| China mainland | 139,096,630 | 101,459,371 | ||||||
| Asia, others | 81,060,414 | 43,764,963 | ||||||
| Europe | 18,684,852 | 17,958,060 | ||||||
| North America | 4,769,797 | 9,371,838 | ||||||
| South America | 269,596 | 759,472 | ||||||
| Africa | 143,475 | 284,692 | ||||||
| Others | 141,548 | 252,717 | ||||||
| 244,166,312 | 173,851,113 | |||||||
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||
| China mainland | 37,636,478 | 29,663,633 | ||||||
| Asia, others | 15,294,527 | 10,441,358 | ||||||
| Europe | 5,189,859 | 3,875,979 | ||||||
| North America | 94,585 | 2,260,840 | ||||||
| South America | 12,816 | 26,610 | ||||||
| Africa | - | 378 | ||||||
| Others | 24,734 | 11,971 | ||||||
| 58,252,999 | 46,280,769 | |||||||
| F-34 |
HIGHPOWERINTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016
(Stated in US Dollars)
| 26. | Related party balance and transaction |
Related party balances
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Accounts receivable | 632,704 | 7,125,140 | ||||||
| Other receivable | 533,134 | 392,110 | ||||||
| Account due from related parties | 1,165,838 | 7,517,250 | ||||||
| Accounts payable | - | 1,516,557 | ||||||
| Other payables | - | 5,756 | ||||||
| Amount due to a related party | - | 1,522,313 | ||||||
Prior to July 27, 2017, Yipeng was considered as a related party of the Company. From December 21, 2017, GZ Highpower was considered as a related party of the Company (See Note 12).
Related party transactions
Yipeng
The details of the transactions with Yipeng were as follows:
| From January 1, 2017 to July 27, 2017 | From May 2, 2016 to December 31, 2016 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Income: | ||||||||
| Sales | 2,188,957 | 9,345,285 | ||||||
| Rental income (1) | 26,895 | 38,188 | ||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||
| Technical support fee | - | 992,359 | ||||||
| Equipment rental fee (2) | 386,341 | 246,143 | ||||||
| Sales quantity deposit paid | - | 751,416 | ||||||
| Purchase | - | 254 | ||||||
(1) The Company signed an agreement with Yipeng for its office leasing and received rental income from Yipeng.
(2) The Company rent machines from Yipeng since September 1, 2016 and the Company accrued rental expense for it.
GZ Highpower
The Company received the repayment, RMB 40 million (approximately $6.1 million) of loans and related interests from GZ Highpower (See Note 12).
| 27. | Subsequent event |
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the issuance of the consolidated financial statements and no subsequent event is identified that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.
| F-35 |