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Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark one)

  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

OR

 

  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 1-16483

 

 

LOGO

Mondelēz International, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Virginia   52-2284372

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

Three Parkway North, Deerfield, Illinois   60015
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 847-943-4000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

  

Name of each exchange on which registered

Class A Common Stock, no par value    The Nasdaq Global Select Market
2.375% Notes due 2021    New York Stock Exchange LLC
1.000% Notes due 2022    New York Stock Exchange LLC
1.625% Notes due 2023    New York Stock Exchange LLC
1.625% Notes due 2027    New York Stock Exchange LLC
2.375% Notes due 2035    New York Stock Exchange LLC
4.500% Notes due 2035    New York Stock Exchange LLC
3.875% Notes due 2045    New York Stock Exchange LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes      No  

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes      No  

Note: Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes      No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes       No  

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer    

Accelerated filer  

  Non-accelerated filer     Smaller reporting company  
  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)  
      Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes      No  

The aggregate market value of the shares of Class A Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the closing price of such stock on June 30, 2017, was $63 billion. At February 2, 2018, there were 1,487,328,466 shares of the registrant’s Class A Common Stock outstanding.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with its annual meeting of shareholders expected to be held on May 16, 2018 are incorporated by reference into Part III hereof.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

Mondelēz International, Inc.

 

         Page No.  
Part  I –     
Item 1.  

Business

     2  
Item 1A.  

Risk Factors

     9  
Item 1B.  

Unresolved Staff Comments

     19  
Item 2.  

Properties

     20  
Item 3.  

Legal Proceedings

     20  
Item 4.  

Mine Safety Disclosures

     20  
Part II  –  
Item 5.  

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters
and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

     21  
Item 6.  

Selected Financial Data

     23  
Item 7.  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations:

     24  
 

Summary of Results

     26  
 

Financial Outlook

     26  
 

Discussion and Analysis of Historical Results

     29  
 

Critical Accounting Estimates

     45  
 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

     48  
 

Commodity Trends

     49  
 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations

     50  
 

Equity and Dividends

     51  
 

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

     52  
Item 7A.  

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

     59  
Item 8.  

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data:

     61  
 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     61  
 

Consolidated Statements of Earnings
for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

     63  
 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings
for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

     64  
 

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016

     65  
 

Consolidated Statements of Equity
for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

     66  
 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

     67  
 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

     68  
Item 9.  

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

     119  
Item 9A.  

Controls and Procedures

     119  
Item 9B.  

Other Information

     120  
Part III  –     
Item 10.  

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

     121  
Item 11.  

Executive Compensation

     121  
Item 12.  

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
and Related Stockholder Matters

     121  
Item 13.  

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

     121  
Item 14.  

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

     121  
Part IV   –     
Item 15.  

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

     122  
Item 16.  

Form 10-K Summary

     126  
 

Signatures

     127  
 

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

     S-1  

In this report, for all periods presented, “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company” and “Mondelēz International” refer to Mondelēz International, Inc. and subsidiaries. References to “Common Stock” refer to our Class A Common Stock.

 

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Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains a number of forward-looking statements. Words, and variations of words, such as “will,” “may,” “expect,” “would,” “could,” “might,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “likely,” “deliver,” “drive,” “seek,” “aim,” “potential,” “objective,” “project,” “outlook” and similar expressions are intended to identify our forward-looking statements, including but not limited to statements about: our future performance, including our future revenue growth and margins; our strategy for growing our people, growing our business and growing our impact; price volatility and pricing actions; the cost environment and measures to address increased costs; our tax rate, tax positions and estimates of the impact of U.S. tax reform on our 2017 and future results; market share; the United Kingdom’s planned exit from the European Union and its impact on our results; the costs of, timing of expenditures under and completion of our restructuring program; snack category growth, our effect on demand and our market position; consumer snacking behaviors; commodity prices and supply; investments; research, development and innovation; political and economic conditions and volatility; currency exchange rates, controls and restrictions; our operations in Venezuela and Argentina; our e-commerce channel strategies; manufacturing and distribution capacity; changes in laws and regulations and regulatory compliance; matters related to the acquisition of a biscuit operation in Vietnam; potential impacts from changing to highly inflationary accounting in selected countries; overhead costs; pension liabilities related to the JDE coffee business transactions; our JDE ownership interest; the financial impact of the Keurig Dr Pepper transaction and our investment and governance rights in Keurig Dr Pepper following closing of the transaction; the outcome and effects on us of legal proceedings and government investigations; the estimated value of goodwill and intangible assets; amortization expense for intangible assets; impairment of goodwill and intangible assets and our projections of operating results and other factors that may affect our impairment testing; our accounting estimates and judgments and the impact of new accounting pronouncements; pension obligations, expenses, contributions and assumptions; employee benefit plan expenses, obligations and assumptions; compensation expense; sustainability initiatives; the Brazilian indirect tax matter; remediation efforts related to and the financial and other impacts of the malware incident; our liquidity, funding sources and uses of funding, including our use of commercial paper; interest expense; our risk management program, including the use of financial instruments and the effectiveness of our hedging activities; working capital; capital expenditures and funding; share repurchases; dividends; long-term value and return on investment for our shareholders; compliance with financial and long-term debt covenants; guarantees; and our contractual obligations.

These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, risks from operating globally including in emerging markets; changes in currency exchange rates, controls and restrictions; continued volatility of commodity and other input costs; weakness in economic conditions; weakness in consumer spending; pricing actions; tax matters including changes in tax rates and laws, disagreements with taxing authorities and imposition of new taxes; use of information technology and third party service providers; unanticipated disruptions to our business, such as the malware incident, cyberattacks or other security breaches; competition; acquisitions and divestitures; the restructuring program and our other transformation initiatives not yielding the anticipated benefits; changes in the assumptions on which the restructuring program is based; protection of our reputation and brand image; management of our workforce; consolidation of retail customers and competition with retailer and other economy brands; changes in our relationships with suppliers or customers; legal, regulatory, tax or benefit law changes, claims or actions; our ability to innovate and differentiate our products; strategic transactions; the timely and successful closing of the Keurig Dr Pepper transaction and the finalization of the terms of our participation in the transaction; significant changes in valuation factors that may adversely affect our impairment testing of goodwill and intangible assets; perceived or actual product quality issues or product recalls; failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting; volatility of and access to capital or other markets; pension costs; and our ability to protect our intellectual property and intangible assets. We disclaim and do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement in this report except as required by applicable law or regulation.

 

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PART I

Item 1. Business.

General

We are one of the world’s largest snack companies with global net revenues of $25.9 billion and net earnings of $2.9 billion in 2017. We manufacture and market delicious snack food and beverage products for consumers in approximately 160 countries around the world. Our portfolio includes many iconic snack brands including Nabisco, Oreo, LU and belVita biscuits; Cadbury, Milka, Cadbury Dairy Milk and Toblerone chocolate; Trident gum; Halls candy and Tang powdered beverages.

We are proud members of the Standard and Poor’s 500, Nasdaq 100 and Dow Jones Sustainability Index. Our Common Stock trades on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “MDLZ.” We have been incorporated in the Commonwealth of Virginia since 2000.

Strategy

We intend to leverage our core strengths, including our advantaged geographic footprint, market leadership positions and portfolio of iconic brands and innovation platforms, to grow our people, grow our business and grow our impact.

 

    Grow our People: We strive to inspire our people to engage in challenging and rewarding career experiences and to contribute their talent to create a great place to work. We collaborate globally, scale ideas quickly and develop world-class capabilities. Our culture is fast-moving, bold, innovative and accountable, reflecting the traits and skills necessary to thrive in a competitive global marketplace. To support and build on the success of our people in a continually-evolving business environment, we invest in our people and their development, foster respect for one another, celebrate diversity and commit to authenticity at every level. We also work to create an environment in which our people can demonstrate innovative and courageous leadership to make a difference in every role they play in the Company. As reflected in our actions and our investments in our people, we value their contributions and celebrate their success.

 

    Grow our Business: We aim to deliver strong, profitable long-term growth by accelerating our core snacks business and expanding the reach of our Power Brands globally. Leveraging our Power Brands (including Oreo, LU and belVita biscuits; Milka, Cadbury Dairy Milk and Toblerone chocolate; Trident gum and Halls candy) and our innovation platforms, we plan to innovate boldly and connect with our consumers wherever they are. As consumers seek out foods that have better well-being credentials, we are actively evolving our portfolio by expanding the well-being brands in our portfolio, enhancing the nutrition and ingredient profile of our Power Brands and inspiring consumers to snack mindfully by providing more portion control treats. We plan to reach consumers in new markets around the world, using both traditional and digital channels. While we already have a strong presence in modern grocery stores, we are increasing our presence in higher growth non-grocery channels, including e-commerce. To fuel these investments, we have been working to optimize our cost structure. These efforts include reinventing our supply chain, including adding and upgrading to more efficient production lines, while reducing the complexity of our product offerings, ingredients and number of suppliers. We also continue to aggressively manage our overhead costs. We have embedded zero-based budgeting practices across the organization to identify potential areas of cost reductions and capture and sustain savings within our ongoing operating budgets. Through these actions, we are leveraging our brands, platforms and capabilities to drive long-term value and return on investment for our shareholders.

 

    Grow our Impact: We are focused on helping people snack in balance and enjoy life with products that are safely and sustainably sourced, produced and delivered. We are committed to driving business growth while making positive change in the world. We use our global scale and focus where we can have the greatest impact on people and planet - including communities, safety, sustainability and well-being snacks. This includes reducing our environmental footprint, empowering farmers in our supply chain and supporting the communities where our snacks are sourced, produced and sold.

 

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Reportable Segments

Our operations and management structure are organized into four reportable operating segments:

    Latin America
    Asia, Middle East, and Africa (“AMEA”)
    Europe
    North America

On October 1, 2016, we integrated our Eastern Europe, Middle East, and Africa (“EEMEA”) operating segment into our Europe and Asia Pacific operating segments to further leverage and optimize the operating scale built within the Europe and Asia Pacific regions. Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Belarus, Georgia and Kazakhstan were combined within our Europe region, while the remaining Middle East and African countries were combined within our Asia Pacific region to form the AMEA operating segment. We have reflected the segment change as if it had occurred in all periods presented.

We manage our operations by region to leverage regional operating scale, manage different and changing business environments more effectively and pursue growth opportunities as they arise in our key markets. Our regional management teams have responsibility for the business, product categories and financial results in the regions.

We use segment operating income to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources. We believe it is appropriate to disclose this measure to help investors analyze segment performance and trends. For a definition and reconciliation of segment operating income to consolidated pre-tax earnings as well as other information on our segments, see Note 16, Segment Reporting.

Our segment net revenues for each of the last three years were:

 

                                                        
     For the Years Ended December 31,  
     2017      2016      2015  
     (in millions)  

Net revenues:

        

Latin America

   $ 3,566      $ 3,392      $ 4,988  

AMEA

     5,739        5,816        6,002  

Europe

     9,794        9,755        11,672  

North America

     6,797        6,960        6,974  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 25,896      $ 25,923      $ 29,636  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Our segment operating income for each of the last three years was:

 

                                                                                   
     For the Years Ended December 31,  
     2017      2016      2015  
     (in millions)  

Segment operating income:

                 

Latin America

   $ 565        14.5%      $ 271        8.7%      $ 485        14.6%  

AMEA

     516        13.3%        506        16.2%        389        11.7%  

Europe

     1,680        43.3%        1,267        40.6%        1,350        40.5%  

North America

     1,120        28.9%        1,078        34.5%        1,105        33.2%  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 3,881        100.0%      $ 3,122        100.0%      $ 3,329        100.0%  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The deconsolidation of our global coffee business in 2015, the deconsolidation of our Venezuela operations beginning with our 2016 results, currency and other items significantly affect the comparability of our consolidated and segment operating results from year to year. Please see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for a review of our operating results.

Our brands span five product categories:

    Biscuits (including cookies, crackers and salted snacks)
    Chocolate
    Gum & candy
    Beverages (including coffee through July 2, 2015 and powdered beverages)
    Cheese & grocery

 

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During 2017, our segments contributed to our net revenues in the following product categories:

 

                                                                                   
     Percentage of 2017 Net Revenues by Product Category  
                   Gum &             Cheese &         

Segment

   Biscuits      Chocolate      Candy      Beverages      Grocery      Total  

Latin America

     3.0%        3.4%        3.5%        2.6%        1.3%        13.8%  

AMEA

     6.3%        7.8%        3.5%        2.2%        2.3%        22.1%  

Europe

     11.1%        19.0%        3.0%        0.5%        4.2%        37.8%  

North America

     21.2%        1.1%        4.0%                      26.3%  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     41.6%        31.3%        14.0%        5.3%        7.8%        100.0%  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Within our product categories, the classes of products that contributed 10% or more to consolidated net revenues were:

 

                                                                                              
                   For the Years Ended December 31,  
                   2017      2016      2015  

Biscuits - Cookies and crackers

           36%        36%        34%  

Chocolate - Tablets, bars and other

           31%        30%        27%  

Significant Divestitures and Acquisitions

For information on our significant divestitures and acquisitions, please refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, and specifically, in connection with our global coffee business deconsolidation, see the discussions under JDE Coffee Business Transactions and Keurig Transaction.

Customers

No single customer accounted for 10% or more of our net revenues from continuing operations in 2017. Our five largest customers accounted for 15.6% and our ten largest customers accounted for 21.4% of net revenues from continuing operations in 2017.

Seasonality

Demand for our products is generally balanced over the first three quarters of the year and increases in the fourth quarter primarily because of holidays and other seasonal events. Depending on when Easter falls, Easter holiday sales may shift between the first and second quarter. We build inventory based on expected demand and typically fill customer orders within a few days of receipt so the backlog of unfilled orders is not material. Funding for working capital items, including inventory and receivables, is normally sourced from operating cash flows and short-term commercial paper borrowings. For additional information on our liquidity, working capital management, cash flow and financing activities, see Liquidity and Capital Resources, Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 7, Debt and Borrowing Arrangements, appearing later in this 10-K filing.

Competition

We face competition in all aspects of our business. Competitors include large multinational as well as numerous local and regional companies. Some competitors have different profit objectives and investment time horizons than we do and therefore approach pricing and promotional decisions differently. We compete based on product quality, brand recognition and loyalty, service, product innovation, taste, convenience, nutritional value, the ability to identify and satisfy consumer preferences, effectiveness of sales and marketing, routes to market and distribution networks, promotional activity and price. Improving our market position or introducing a new product requires substantial research, development, advertising and promotional expenditures. We believe these investments lead to better products for the consumer and support our growth and market position.

 

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Distribution and Marketing

Across our segments, we generally sell our products to supermarket chains, wholesalers, supercenters, club stores, mass merchandisers, distributors, convenience stores, gasoline stations, drug stores, value stores and other retail food outlets. We distribute our products through direct store delivery, company-owned and satellite warehouses, distribution centers and other facilities. We use the services of independent sales offices and agents in some of our international locations.

Consumers are also increasingly shopping online. And we are building a global e-commerce organization and capabilities to pursue online growth with partners in key markets around the world, including both pure e-tailers and brick-and-mortar retailers. We continue to invest in both talent and capabilities. Our e-commerce channel strategies will play a critical role in our ambition to be the best snacking company in the world.

We conduct marketing efforts through three principal sets of activities: (i) consumer marketing and advertising including on-air, print, outdoor, digital and social media and other product promotions; (ii) consumer sales incentives such as coupons and rebates; and (iii) trade promotions to support price features, displays and other merchandising of our products by our customers.

Raw Materials and Packaging

We purchase and use large quantities of commodities, including cocoa, dairy, wheat, palm and other vegetable oils, sugar and other sweeteners, flavoring agents and nuts. In addition, we purchase and use significant quantities of packaging materials to package our products and natural gas, fuels and electricity for our factories and warehouses. We monitor worldwide supply, commodity cost and currency trends so we can cost-effectively secure ingredients, packaging and fuel required for production.

A number of external factors such as weather conditions, commodity market conditions, currency fluctuations and the effects of governmental agricultural or other programs affect the cost and availability of raw materials and agricultural materials used in our products. We address higher commodity costs and currency impacts primarily through hedging, higher pricing and manufacturing and overhead cost control. We use hedging techniques to limit the impact of fluctuations in the cost of our principal raw materials; however, we may not be able to fully hedge against commodity cost changes, and our hedging strategies may not protect us from increases in specific raw material costs.

While the costs of our principal raw materials fluctuate, we believe there will continue to be an adequate supply of the raw materials we use and that they will generally remain available from numerous sources. For additional information on our commodity costs, refer to the Commodity Trends section within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Intellectual Property

Our intellectual property rights (including trademarks, patents, copyrights, registered designs, proprietary trade secrets, technology and know-how) are material to our business.

We own numerous trademarks and patents in many countries around the world. Depending on the country, trademarks remain valid for as long as they are in use or their registration status is maintained. Trademark registrations generally are for renewable, fixed terms. We also have patents for a number of current and potential products. Our patents cover inventions ranging from basic packaging techniques to processes relating to specific products and to the products themselves. Our issued patents extend for varying periods according to the date of patent application filing or grant and the legal term of patents in the various countries where patent protection is obtained. The actual protection afforded by a patent, which can vary from country to country, depends upon the type of patent, the scope of its coverage as determined by the patent office or courts in the country, and the availability of legal remedies in the country. While our patent portfolio is material to our business, the loss of one patent or a group of related patents would not have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

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From time to time, we grant third parties licenses to use one or more of our trademarks, patents and/or proprietary trade secrets in connection with the manufacture, sale or distribution of third party products. Similarly, we sell some products under brands, patents and/or proprietary trade secrets we license from third parties. In our agreement with Kraft Foods Group, Inc. (“Kraft Foods Group,” which is now part of The Kraft Heinz Company), we each granted the other party various licenses to use certain of our and their respective intellectual property rights in named jurisdictions following the spin-off of our North American grocery business.

Research and Development

We pursue four objectives in research and development: product safety and quality, growth through new products, superior consumer satisfaction and reduced costs. Our innovation efforts focus on anticipating consumer demands and adapting quickly to changing market trends. Wellness products and healthy snacking are a significant focus of our current research and development initiatives. These initiatives aim to accelerate our growth and margins by addressing consumer needs and market trends and leveraging our global innovation platforms, Power Brands and breakthrough technologies. In September 2016, we announced our plan to invest $65 million over 2017-2018 to build out and modernize our network of global research and development facilities. We are focusing our technical resources at nine large locations to drive global growth and innovation. We celebrated the official opening of our Wroclaw Poland Technical Center in 2017. Our global Technical Centers will enable greater effectiveness, improved efficiency and accelerated project delivery. These locations are in Curitiba, Brazil; Suzhou, China; Thane, India; Mexico City, Mexico; East Hanover, New Jersey; Wroclaw, Poland; Jurong, Singapore; Bournville, United Kingdom and Reading, United Kingdom.

At December 31, 2017, we had approximately 2,450 scientists and engineers, of which 1,900 are primarily focused on research and development and the remainder are primarily focused on quality assurance and regulatory affairs. Our research and development expense was $366 million in 2017, $376 million in 2016 and $409 million in 2015.

Regulation

Our food products and ingredients are subject to local, national and multinational regulations related to labeling, health and nutrition claims, packaging, pricing, marketing and advertising, privacy and related areas. In addition, various jurisdictions regulate our operations by licensing and inspecting our manufacturing plants and facilities, enforcing standards for select food products, grading food products, and regulating trade practices related to the sale and pricing of our food products. Many of the food commodities we use in our operations are subject to government agricultural policy and intervention, and the scrutiny of human rights issues in industry supply chains has led to developing regulation in many countries. These policies have substantial effects on prices and supplies and are subject to periodic governmental and administrative review.

Examples of laws and regulations that affect our business include selective food taxes, labeling requirements such as front-of-pack labeling and nutrient profiling, marketing restrictions, potential withdrawal of trade concessions as dispute settlement retaliation and sanctions on sales or sourcing of raw materials. We will continue to monitor developments in laws and regulations. At this time, we do not expect the cost of complying with new laws and regulations will be material. Also refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting, for additional information on government regulations and currency-related impacts on our operations in the United Kingdom, Argentina and other countries.

Environmental Regulation

Throughout the countries in which we do business, we are subject to local, national and multinational environmental laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. We have programs across our business units designed to meet applicable environmental compliance requirements. In the United States, the laws and regulations include the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. Based on information currently available, we believe that our compliance with environmental laws and regulations will not have a material effect on our financial results.

 

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Sustainability

A key strategic goal for us is to Grow our Impact. Building positive impact for people and our planet is at the core of who we are. We call our commitment to drive business growth with positive change in the world Impact For Growth. Many of the challenges facing people and the planet are interrelated. Our core programs and initiatives holistically address both by working to reduce our environmental footprint, empower farmers and support the communities where our snacks are sourced. We continue to leverage our global operating scale to secure sustainable raw materials and work with suppliers to drive meaningful social and environmental changes, focusing on where we can make the most impact. For example, we launched our Cocoa Life program in 2012 and will continue to invest up to $400 million through 2022 to build a sustainable cocoa supply. We are also improving sustainability in our wheat supply by working with farmers in North America and through our Harmony program in Europe.

Our 2020 sustainability goals aim to place us at the forefront in the fight against climate change with ambitious targets for an end-to-end approach to reduce our carbon footprint, including reducing our absolute CO2 emissions from manufacturing and addressing deforestation in key raw material supply chains. We are working to cut our absolute water footprint in manufacturing, focusing on priority sites where water is most scarce. We are also working to reduce waste in manufacturing and packaging.

We have been recognized for our ongoing economic, environmental and social contributions. This year we were again listed on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (“DJSI”) – World and North American Indices. The DJSI selects the top 10% of global companies and top 20% of North American companies based on an extensive review of financial and sustainability programs within each industry. We are at the 92nd percentile of our industry and achieved perfect scores in health and nutrition and environmental reporting.

We also participate in the CDP Climate and Water disclosures and continue to work to reduce our carbon and water footprints. We are committed to continue this and other related work in the areas of sustainable resources and agriculture, well-being snacks, community partnerships and safety of our products and people.

Employees

We employed through our consolidated subsidiaries approximately 83,000 people worldwide at December 31, 2017 and approximately 90,000 at December 31, 2016. Employees represented by labor unions or workers’ councils represent approximately 64% of our 71,000 employees outside the United States and approximately 28% of our 12,000 U.S. employees. Our business units are subject to various local, national and multinational laws and regulations relating to their relationships with their employees. In accordance with European Union requirements, we also have established a European Workers Council composed of management and elected members of our workforce. We or our subsidiaries are a party to numerous collective bargaining agreements and we work to renegotiate these collective bargaining agreements on satisfactory terms when they expire.

International Operations

Based on where we sell our products, we generated 75.8% of our 2017 net revenues, 75.6% of our 2016 net revenues and 78.7% of our 2015 net revenues from continuing operations outside the United States. We sell our products to consumers in approximately 160 countries. At December 31, 2017, we had operations in more than 80 countries and made our products at approximately 140 manufacturing and processing facilities in 51 countries. Refer to Note 16, Segment Reporting, for additional information on our U.S. and non-U.S. operations. Refer to Item 2, Properties, for more information on our manufacturing and other facilities. Also, for a discussion of risks related to our operations outside the United States, see Item 1A, Risk Factors.

 

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Executive Officers of the Registrant

The following are our executive officers as of February 9, 2018:

 

Name

 

      Age      

 

Title

   
Dirk Van de Put   57   Chief Executive Officer  
Brian T. Gladden   52   Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer  
Maurizio Brusadelli   49   Executive Vice President and President, Asia, Middle East and Africa  
Timothy P. Cofer   49   Executive Vice President and Chief Growth Officer  
Robin S. Hargrove   52   Executive Vice President, Research, Development, Quality and Innovation  
Alejandro R. Lorenzo   46   Executive Vice President and President, Latin America  
Karen J. May   59   Executive Vice President, Human Resources  
Daniel P. Myers   62   Executive Vice President, Integrated Supply Chain  
Gerhard W. Pleuhs   61   Executive Vice President and General Counsel  
Henry Glendon (Glen) Walter IV   49   Executive Vice President and President, North America  
Hubert Weber   55   Executive Vice President and President, Europe  

Mr. Van de Put became Chief Executive Officer and a director in November 2017. He formerly served as President and Chief Executive Officer of McCain Foods Limited, a multinational frozen food provider, from July 2011 to November 2017 and as its Chief Operating Officer from May 2010 to July 2011. Mr. Van de Put served as President and Chief Executive Officer, Global Over-the-Counter, Consumer Health Division of Novartis AG, a global healthcare company, from 2009 to 2010. Prior to that, he worked for 24 years in a variety of leadership positions for several global food and beverage providers, including Danone SA, The Coca-Cola Company and Mars, Incorporated.

Mr. Gladden became Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in December 2014. He joined Mondelēz International in October 2014. Prior to that, he served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Dell Inc., a provider of technology products and services, from June 2008 to February 2014, and as President and Chief Executive Officer of SABIC Innovative Plastics, a manufacturer of industrial plastics, from August 2007 to May 2008. Mr. Gladden spent 19 years at the General Electric Company, a multinational conglomerate, in a variety of key leadership positions, including Vice President and General Manager, Resin Business and Chief Financial Officer, GE Plastics.

Mr. Brusadelli became Executive Vice President and President, Asia Pacific in January 2016 and Executive Vice President and President, Asia, Middle East and Africa in October 2016. He previously served as President Biscuits Business, South East Asia, Japan and Sales Asia Pacific from September 2015 to December 2015, President Markets and Sales Asia Pacific from September 2014 to September 2015 and President United Kingdom and Ireland from September 2012 to August 2014. Prior to that, Mr. Brusadelli held various positions of increasing responsibility. Mr. Brusadelli joined Mondelēz International in 1993.

Mr. Cofer became Executive Vice President and Chief Growth Officer in January 2016 and served as Interim President, North America from April to November 2017. Mr. Cofer served as Executive Vice President and President, Asia Pacific and EEMEA from September 2013 to December 2015 and Executive Vice President and President, Europe from August 2011 to September 2013. Prior to that, Mr. Cofer held various positions of increasing responsibility. Mr. Cofer joined Mondelēz International in 1992.

Mr. Hargrove became Executive Vice President, Research, Development, Quality and Innovation in April 2015. Prior to that, he served as Senior Vice President, Research, Development & Quality for Mondelēz Europe from January 2013 to March 2015. Before joining Mondelēz International, Mr. Hargrove worked at PepsiCo, Inc., a global food and beverage company, for 19 years in a variety of leadership positions, most recently as Senior Vice President, Research and Development, Europe from December 2006 to December 2012.

Mr. Lorenzo became Executive Vice President and President, Latin America in January 2017. Prior to that, he served as President, Global Biscuits Category from January 2015 to December 2016 and President, Brazil from September 2012 to December 2014. Prior to that, Mr. Lorenzo held various positions of increasing responsibility. Mr. Lorenzo joined Mondelēz International in 2003.

 

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Ms. May became Executive Vice President, Human Resources in October 2005. Prior to that, she was Corporate Vice President, Human Resources for Baxter International Inc., a healthcare company, from February 2001 to September 2005.

Mr. Myers became Executive Vice President, Integrated Supply Chain in September 2011. Prior to that, he worked for Procter & Gamble, a consumer products company, for 33 years in a variety of leadership positions, most recently serving as Vice President, Product Supply for P&G’s Global Hair Care business from September 2007 to August 2011.

Mr. Pleuhs became Executive Vice President and General Counsel in April 2012. In this role, Mr. Pleuhs oversees the legal, compliance, security, corporate and governance affairs functions within Mondelēz International. He has served in various positions of increasing responsibility since joining Mondelēz International in 1990. Mr. Pleuhs has a law degree from the University of Kiel, Germany and is licensed to practice law in Germany and admitted as house counsel in Illinois.

Mr. Walter became Executive Vice President and President, North America in November 2017. Before joining Mondelēz International, Mr. Walter worked at The Coca-Cola Company, a global beverage company, in a variety of leadership positions, most recently as Chief Executive Officer of Coca-Cola Industries China from February 2014 to October 2017 and President and Chief Operating Officer of Cola-Cola Refreshments in North America from January 2013 to February 2014.

Mr. Weber became Executive Vice President and President Europe in September 2013. He served as President of the European and Global Coffee category from September 2010 to September 2013. Prior to that, Mr. Weber held various positions of increasing responsibility. He joined Mondelēz International in 1988.

Ethics and Governance

We adopted the Mondelēz International Code of Conduct, which qualifies as a code of ethics under Item 406 of Regulation S-K. The code applies to all of our employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, and persons performing similar functions. Our code of ethics is available free of charge on our web site at www.mondelezinternational.com and will be provided free of charge to any shareholder submitting a written request to: Corporate Secretary, Mondelēz International, Inc., Three Parkway North, Deerfield, IL 60015. We will disclose any waiver we grant to an executive officer or director under our code of ethics, or certain amendments to the code of ethics, on our web site at www.mondelezinternational.com.

In addition, we adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines, charters for each of the Board’s four standing committees and the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Non-Employee Directors. All of these materials are available on our web site at www.mondelezinternational.com and will be provided free of charge to any shareholder requesting a copy by writing to: Corporate Secretary, Mondelēz International, Inc., Three Parkway North, Deerfield, IL 60015.

Available Information

Our Internet address is www.mondelezinternational.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are available free of charge as soon as possible after we electronically file them with, or furnish them to, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). You can access our filings with the SEC by visiting www.mondelezinternational.com. The information on our web site is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or incorporated into any other filings we make with the SEC.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

You should read the following risk factors carefully when evaluating our business and the forward-looking information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and the actual outcome of matters described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. While we believe we have identified and discussed below the key risk factors affecting our business, there may be additional risks and uncertainties that we do not presently know or that we do not currently believe to be significant that may adversely affect our business, performance or financial condition in the future.

 

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We operate in a highly competitive industry.

The food and snacking industry is highly competitive. Our principal competitors include major international food, snack and beverage companies that operate in multiple geographic areas and numerous local and regional companies. If we do not effectively respond to challenges from our competitors, our business could be adversely affected.

Competitor and customer pressures may require that we reduce our prices. These pressures may also restrict our ability to increase prices in response to commodity and other cost increases. Failure to effectively and timely assess, change and set proper pricing or effective trade incentives may negatively impact our operating results and achievement of our strategic and financial goals. The rapid emergence of new distribution channels, such as e-commerce, may create consumer price deflation, affecting our retail customer relationships and presenting additional challenges to increasing prices in response to commodity or other cost increases. We may need to increase or reallocate spending on marketing, advertising, new product innovation, and existing and new distribution channels to protect or increase market share. These expenditures might not result in trade and consumer acceptance of our efforts. If we reduce prices or our costs increase but we cannot increase sales volumes to offset those changes, then our financial condition and results of operations will suffer.

In addition, like other companies in our industry, we are under pressure to continue to improve the efficiency of our overall cost structure. We are pursuing a transformation agenda with the goals of focusing our portfolio, improving our cost structure and operating model, and accelerating our growth. If we do not achieve these objectives or do not implement transformation in a way that minimizes disruptions to our business, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Maintaining and enhancing our reputation and brand image is essential to our business success.

Our success depends on our ability to maintain and enhance our brand quality and image, extend our brands into new geographies and to new distribution platforms, including e-commerce, and expand our brand image with new and renewed product offerings.

We seek to enhance our brand image through product renovation, innovation and marketing investments, including advertising and consumer promotions. Failure to effectively address the continuing global focus on well-being, changing consumer perceptions of certain ingredients, nutritional expectations of our products, and increased attention from the media, shareholders, activists and other stakeholders on the role of food marketing could adversely affect our brand image. Undue caution or inaction on our part in addressing these challenges and trends could weaken our competitive position. Such pressures could also lead to stricter regulations and increased focus on food and snacking marketing practices. Increased legal or regulatory restrictions on our advertising, consumer promotions and labeling, or our response to those restrictions, could limit our efforts to maintain, extend and expand our brands. Moreover, adverse publicity or regulatory or legal action against us on product quality and safety, where we manufacture our products, or environmental risks or human and workplace rights across our supply chain could damage our reputation and brand image. Such actions could undermine our customers’ confidence and reduce demand for our products, even if the regulatory or legal action is unfounded or these matters are immaterial to our operations. Our product sponsorship relationships could also subject us to negative publicity.

In addition, our success in maintaining and enhancing our brand image depends on our ability to anticipate change and adapt to a rapidly changing marketing and media environment, including our increasing reliance on social media and online dissemination of marketing and advertising campaigns. A variety of legal and regulatory restrictions limit how and to whom we market our products. These restrictions may limit our brand renovation, innovation and promotion plans, particularly as social media and the communications environment continue to evolve. Negative posts or comments about us or our brands on social media or web sites (whether factual or not) or security breaches related to use of our social media and failure to respond effectively to these posts, comments or activities could seriously damage our reputation and brand image across the various regions in which we operate. In addition, we might fail to invest sufficiently in maintaining, extending and expanding our brands, our marketing efforts might not achieve desired results and we might be required to recognize impairment charges on our brands or related intangible assets or goodwill. Furthermore, third parties may sell counterfeit or spurious versions of our products that are inferior or pose safety risks. If consumers confuse these counterfeit products for our products or have a bad experience with the counterfeit brand, they might refrain from purchasing our brands in the future, which could harm our brand image and sales. If we do not successfully maintain and enhance our reputation and brand image, then our brands, product sales, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

 

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We are subject to risks from operating globally.

We are a global company and generated 75.8% of our 2017 net revenues, 75.6% of our 2016 net revenues and 78.7% of our 2015 net revenues outside the United States. We manufacture and market our products in approximately 160 countries and have operations in more than 80 countries. Therefore, we are subject to risks inherent in global operations. Those risks include:

 

    compliance with U.S. laws affecting operations outside of the United States, including anti-bribery laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”);
    compliance with antitrust and competition laws, trade laws, data privacy laws, anti-bribery laws, and a variety of other local, national and multinational regulations and laws in multiple regimes;
    currency devaluations or fluctuations in currency values, including in developing markets such as Argentina, Brazil, China, Mexico, Russia, Turkey, Egypt, Nigeria, Ukraine and South Africa as well as in developed markets such as the United Kingdom and other countries within the European Union;
    the imposition of increased or new tariffs, quotas, trade barriers or similar restrictions on our sales or key commodities like cocoa, potential changes in U.S. trade programs and trade relations with other countries, or regulations, taxes or policies that might negatively affect our sales;
    changes in capital controls, including currency exchange controls, government currency policies such as demonetization in India or other limits on our ability to import raw materials or finished product into various countries or repatriate cash from outside the United States;
    increased sovereign risk, such as default by or deterioration in the economies and credit ratings of governments, particularly in our Latin America and AMEA regions;
    changes in local regulations and laws, the uncertainty of enforcement of remedies in non-U.S. jurisdictions, and foreign ownership restrictions and the potential for nationalization or expropriation of property or other resources;
    varying abilities to enforce intellectual property and contractual rights;
    discriminatory or conflicting fiscal policies;
    greater risk of uncollectible accounts and longer collection cycles; and
    design, implementation and use of effective control environment processes across our diverse operations and employee base.

In addition, political and economic changes or volatility, geopolitical regional conflicts, terrorist activity, political unrest, civil strife, acts of war, travel or immigration restrictions, public corruption, expropriation and other economic or political uncertainties could interrupt and negatively affect our business operations or customer demand. High unemployment or the slowdown in economic growth in some markets could constrain consumer spending. Declining consumer purchasing power could result in loss of market share and adversely impact our profitability. Continued instability in the banking and governmental sectors of certain countries or the dynamics and uncertainties associated with the United Kingdom’s planned exit from the European Union (“Brexit”), including currency exchange rate fluctuations and volatility in global stock markets, could have a negative effect on our business. All of these factors could result in increased costs or decreased revenues, and could materially and adversely affect our product sales, financial condition, results of operations, and our relationships with customers, suppliers and employees in the short or long term.

Tax matters, including changes in tax laws and rates, disagreements with taxing authorities and imposition of new taxes, could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

In December 2017, the United States enacted tax reform legislation (“U.S. tax reform”). The legislation implements many new U.S. domestic and international tax provisions. Many aspects of the U.S. tax reform are unclear, and although additional clarifying guidance is expected to be issued in the future (by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), the U.S. Treasury Department or via a technical correction law change), it may not be clarified for some time. In addition, many U.S. states have not yet updated their laws to take into account the new federal legislation. As a result, we have not yet been able to determine the full impact of the new laws on our results of operations and financial condition. It is possible that U.S. tax reform, or interpretations under it, could change and could have an adverse effect on us, and such effect could be material.

 

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In addition, foreign jurisdictions may also enact tax legislation that could significantly affect our ongoing operations. For example, foreign tax authorities could impose rate changes along with additional corporate tax provisions that would disallow or tax perceived base erosion or profit shifting. Aspects of U.S. tax reform may lead foreign jurisdictions to respond by enacting additional tax legislation that is unfavorable to us.

Adverse changes in the underlying profitability or financial outlook of our operations in several jurisdictions could lead to changes in the realizability of our deferred tax assets and result in a charge to our income tax provision. Additionally, changes in tax laws in the U.S. or in other countries where we have significant operations could materially affect deferred tax assets and liabilities and our income tax provision.

We are also subject to tax audits by governmental authorities. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, if a taxing authority disagrees with the positions we have taken, we could face additional tax liabilities, including interest and penalties. Unexpected results from one or more such tax audits could significantly adversely affect our income tax provision and our results of operations.

Our operations in certain emerging markets expose us to political, economic and regulatory risks.

Our growth strategy depends in part on our ability to expand our operations in emerging markets, including among others Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Russia, Argentina, Ukraine, the Middle East, Africa and Southeast Asia. However, some emerging markets have greater political, economic and currency volatility and greater vulnerability to infrastructure and labor disruptions than more established markets. In many countries, particularly those with emerging economies, engaging in business practices prohibited by laws and regulations with extraterritorial reach, such as the FCPA and the U.K. Bribery Act, or local anti-bribery laws may be more common. These laws generally prohibit companies and their employees, contractors or agents from making improper payments to government officials, including in connection with obtaining permits or engaging in other actions necessary to do business. Failure to comply with these laws could subject us to civil and criminal penalties that could materially and adversely affect our reputation, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, competition in emerging markets is increasing as our competitors grow their global operations and low cost local manufacturers improve and expand their production capacities. Our success in emerging markets is critical to achieving our growth strategy. If we cannot successfully increase our business in emerging markets and manage associated political, economic and regulatory risks, our product sales, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected, such as occurred when we deconsolidated and changed to the cost method of accounting for our Venezuelan operations at the close of 2015 or any potential impact on our business in Venezuela from future economic or political developments.

Our use of information technology and third party service providers exposes us to cybersecurity breaches and other business disruptions that could adversely affect us.

We use information technology and third party service providers to support our global business processes and activities, including supporting critical business operations; communicating with our suppliers, customers and employees; maintaining effective accounting processes and financial and disclosure controls; engaging in mergers and acquisitions and other corporate transactions; conducting research and development activities; meeting regulatory, legal and tax requirements; and executing various digital marketing and consumer promotion activities. Global shared service centers managed by third parties provide an increasing amount of services to conduct our business, including a number of accounting, internal control, human resources and computing functions.

 

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Continuity of business applications and services has been, and may in the future be, disrupted by events such as infection by viruses or malware, like the global malware incident in June 2017 that affected a significant portion of our global sales, distribution and financial networks (the “malware incident”) (see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Malware Incident); other cybersecurity attacks; issues with or errors in systems’ maintenance or security; migration of applications to the cloud; power outages; hardware or software failures; denial of service; telecommunication failures; natural disasters; terrorist attacks; and other catastrophic occurrences. Further, cybersecurity breaches of our or third party systems, whether from circumvention of security systems, denial-of-service attacks or other cyberattacks, hacking, phishing attacks, computer viruses, ransomware or malware, employee or insider error, malfeasance, social engineering, physical breaches or other actions may cause confidential information belonging to us or our employees, customers, consumers, partners, suppliers, or governmental or regulatory authorities to be misused or breached. When risks such as these materialize, the need for us to coordinate with various third party service providers and for third party service providers to coordinate amongst themselves might make it more challenging to resolve the related issues. Additionally, if new initiatives, such as those related to e-commerce and direct sales, increase the amount of confidential information that we process and maintain, this could increase our potential exposure to a cybersecurity breach. If our controls, disaster recovery and business continuity plans or those of our third party providers do not effectively respond to or resolve the issues related to any such disruptions in a timely manner, our product sales, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected, and we might experience delays in reporting our financial results, loss of intellectual property and damage to our reputation or brands.

We continue to devote focused resources to network security, backup and disaster recovery, enhanced training and other security measures to protect our systems and data; we are also in the process of enhancing the monitoring and detection of threats in our environment. However, security measures cannot provide absolute security or guarantee that we will be successful in preventing or responding to every breach or disruption on a timely basis. In addition, due to the constantly evolving nature of security threats, we cannot predict the form and impact of any future incident, and the cost and operational expense of implementing, maintaining and enhancing protective measures to guard against increasingly complex and sophisticated cyber threats could increase significantly.

We regularly move data across national borders to conduct our operations and consequently are subject to a variety of continuously evolving and developing laws and regulations in numerous jurisdictions regarding privacy, data protection and data security, including those related to the collection, storage, handling, use, disclosure, transfer and security of personal data. Privacy and data protection laws may be interpreted and applied differently from country to country and may create inconsistent or conflicting requirements. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which greatly increases the jurisdictional reach of European Union law and becomes effective in May 2018, adds a broad array of requirements for handling personal data including the public disclosure of significant data breaches, and imposes substantial penalties for non-compliance of up to the greater of 20 million or 4% of global annual revenue for the preceding financial year. Our efforts to comply with GDPR and other privacy and data protection laws may impose significant costs and challenges that are likely to increase over time, and we could incur substantial penalties or litigation related to violation of existing or future data privacy laws and regulations.

Unanticipated business disruptions could adversely affect our ability to provide our products to our customers.

We manufacture and source products and materials on a global scale. We utilize an integrated supply chain – a complex network of suppliers and material needs, owned manufacturing locations, co-manufacturing locations, distribution networks, shared service delivery centers and information systems that support our ability to provide our products to our customers consistently. Factors that are hard to predict or beyond our control, like weather (including any potential effects of climate change), natural disasters, supply and commodity shortages, fire, explosions, terrorism, political unrest, cybersecurity breaches, generalized labor unrest or health pandemics could damage or disrupt our operations or our suppliers’ or co-manufacturers’ operations. If we do not effectively respond to disruptions in our operations, for example, by finding alternative suppliers or replacing capacity at key or sole manufacturing or distribution locations, or cannot quickly repair damage to our information, production or supply systems, we may be late in delivering or unable to deliver products to our customers such as occurred in connection with the malware incident (see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Malware Incident), and the quality and safety of our products might be negatively affected. If a material or extended disruption occurs, we may lose our customers’ or business partners’ confidence or suffer damage to our reputation, and long-term consumer demand for our products could decline. In addition, we might not have the functions, processes or organizational capability necessary to achieve on our anticipated timeframes our strategic ambition to reconfigure our supply chain and drive efficiencies to fuel growth. Further, our ability to supply

 

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multiple markets with a streamlined manufacturing footprint may be negatively impacted by portfolio complexity, significant changes in trade policies, changes in volume produced and changes to regulatory restrictions or labor-related constraints on our ability to adjust production capacity in the markets in which we operate. These events could materially and adversely affect our product sales, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to currency exchange rate fluctuations.

At December 31, 2017, we sold our products in approximately 160 countries and had operations in more than 80 countries. Consequently, a significant portion of our business is exposed to currency exchange rate fluctuations. Our financial results and capital ratios are sensitive to movements in currency exchange rates because a large portion of our assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses must be translated into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes or converted into U.S. dollars to service obligations such as our U.S. dollar-denominated indebtedness and to pay dividends to our shareholders. In addition, movements in currency exchange rates can affect transaction costs because we source product ingredients from various countries. We seek to mitigate our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations, primarily on cross-currency transactions, but our efforts may not be successful. Accordingly, changes in the currency exchange rates that we use to translate our results into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes or for transactions involving multiple currencies could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Commodity and other input prices are volatile and may increase or decrease significantly or availability of commodities may become constrained.

We purchase and use large quantities of commodities, including cocoa, dairy, wheat, palm and other vegetable oils, sugar and other sweeteners, flavoring agents and nuts. In addition, we purchase and use significant quantities of packaging materials to package our products and natural gas, fuels and electricity for our factories and warehouses. Prices for these raw materials, other supplies and energy are volatile and can fluctuate due to conditions that are difficult to predict. These conditions include global competition for resources, currency fluctuations, political conditions, severe weather, the potential longer-term consequences of climate change on agricultural productivity, crop disease or pests, water risk, health pandemics, consumer or industrial demand, and changes in governmental trade, alternative energy and agricultural programs. Increasing focus on climate change, deforestation, water, plastic waste, animal welfare and human rights concerns and other risks associated with the global food system may lead to increased government intervention and consumer or activist responses, and could adversely affect our or our suppliers’ reputation and business and our ability to procure the materials we need to operate our business. Many of the commodities we purchase are grown by smallholder farmers, and they might lack the capacity to invest to increase productivity or adapt to changing conditions. Although we monitor our exposure to commodity prices and hedge against input price increases, we cannot fully hedge against changes in commodity costs, and our hedging strategies may not protect us from increases in specific raw material costs. Continued volatility in the prices of commodities and other supplies we purchase or changes in the types of commodities we purchase as we continue to evolve our product and packaging portfolio could increase or decrease the costs of our products, and our profitability could suffer as a result. Moreover, increases in the price of our products, including increases to cover higher input costs, may result in lower sales volumes, while decreases in input costs could require us to lower our prices and thereby affect our revenues, profits or margins. Likewise, constraints in the supply of key commodities may limit our ability to grow our net revenues and earnings. If our mitigation activities are not effective, if we are unable to price to cover increased costs or must reduce our prices, or if we are limited by supply constraints, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Complying with changes in and inconsistencies among laws and regulations in many countries in which we operate could increase our costs.

Our activities throughout the world are highly regulated and subject to government oversight. Various laws and regulations govern food production, packaging, storage, distribution, sales, advertising, labeling and marketing, as well as licensing, trade, labor, tax and environmental matters, and health and safety practices. Government authorities regularly change laws and regulations as well as their interpretations. Our compliance with new or revised laws and regulations or the interpretation and application of existing laws and regulations could materially and adversely affect our product sales, financial condition and results of operations. For instance, our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected by the regulatory and economic impact of changes in taxation and trade relations among the United States and other countries, including any changes to or repeal of the North American Free Trade Agreement, or changes in the European Union such as Brexit.

 

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We may be unable to hire or retain and develop key personnel or a highly skilled and diverse global workforce or manage changes in our workforce.

We must hire, retain and develop effective leaders and a highly skilled and diverse global workforce. We compete to hire new personnel with a variety of capabilities in the many countries in which we manufacture and market our products and then to develop and retain their skills and competencies. Unplanned turnover, failure to attract and develop personnel with key emerging capabilities such as e-commerce and digital marketing skills, or failure to develop adequate succession plans for leadership positions or to hire and retain a diverse global workforce with the skills and in the locations we need to operate and grow our business could deplete our institutional knowledge base and erode our competitiveness. Changes in immigration laws and policies could also make it more difficult for us to recruit or relocate skilled employees.

We also face increased personnel-related risks in connection with implementing the changes in our transformation agenda related to our operating model and business processes, including building a global shared services capability and reconfiguring our supply chain. These risks could lead to operational challenges, including increased competition for employees with the skills we require to achieve our business goals; higher employee turnover, including of employees with key capabilities; and challenges in developing the capabilities necessary to build and effectively execute a shared services function and transform our business processes. Furthermore, we might be unable to manage appropriately changes in, or that affect, our workforce or satisfy the legal requirements associated with how we manage and compensate our employees. This includes our management of employees represented by labor unions or workers’ councils, who represent approximately 64% of our 71,000 employees outside the United States and approximately 28% of our 12,000 U.S. employees. Strikes, work stoppages or other forms of labor unrest by our employees or those of our suppliers or distributors, or situations like the renegotiation of collective bargaining agreements that expired in February 2016 and that cover eight U.S. facilities, could cause disruptions to our supply chain, manufacturing or distribution processes.

These risks could materially and adversely affect our reputation, ability to meet the needs of our customers, product sales, financial condition and results of operations.

Our retail customers are consolidating and we must leverage our value proposition in order to compete against retailer and other economy brands.

Retail customers, such as supermarkets, warehouse clubs and food distributors in the European Union, the United States and other major markets, continue to consolidate, form buying alliances or be acquired by new entrants in the food retail market, resulting in fewer, larger customers. Large retail customers and customer alliances can delist our products or reduce the shelf space allotted to our products and demand lower pricing, increased promotional programs or longer payment terms. Retail customers might also adopt these tactics in their dealings with us in response to the significant growth in online retailing for consumer products, which is outpacing the growth of traditional retail channels. In addition, larger retail customers have the scale to develop supply chains that permit them to operate with reduced inventories or to develop and market their own retailer and other economy brands that compete with some of our products. Our products must provide higher quality or value to our consumers than the less expensive alternatives, particularly during periods of economic uncertainty. Consumers may not buy our products if consumers perceive little difference between the quality or value of our products and those of retailer or other economy brands. If consumers switch to purchasing or otherwise prefer the retailer or other economy brands, then we could lose market share or sales volumes, or we may need to shift our product mix to lower margin offerings.

Retail consolidation also increases the risk that adverse changes in our customers’ business operations or financial performance will have a corresponding material adverse effect on us. For example, if our customers cannot access sufficient funds or financing, then they may delay, decrease or cancel purchases of our products, or delay or fail to pay us for previous purchases.

If we do not effectively respond to retail consolidation, increasing retail power and competition from retailer and other economy brands, our reputation, brands, product sales, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

 

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We are subject to changes in our relationships with significant customers or suppliers.

During 2017, our five largest customers accounted for 15.6% of our net revenues. There can be no assurance that our customers will continue to purchase our products in the same mix or quantities or on the same terms as in the past, particularly as increasingly powerful retailers continue to demand lower pricing and develop their own brands. The loss of or disruptions related to significant customers could result in a material reduction in sales or change in the mix of products we sell to a significant customer. This could materially and adversely affect our product sales, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, disputes with significant suppliers, including disputes related to pricing or performance, could adversely affect our ability to supply products to our customers or operate our business and could materially and adversely affect our product sales, financial condition and results of operations.

We may decide or be required to recall products or be subjected to product liability claims.

We could decide, or laws or regulations could require us, to recall products due to suspected or confirmed deliberate or unintentional product contamination including contamination of ingredients we use in our products that third parties supply, spoilage or other adulteration, product mislabeling or product tampering. In addition, if another company recalls or experiences negative publicity related to a product in a category in which we compete, consumers might reduce their overall consumption of products in this category. Any of these events could materially and adversely affect our reputation, brands, product sales, financial condition and results of operations.

We may also suffer losses if our products or operations or those of our suppliers violate applicable laws or regulations, or if our or our suppliers’ products cause injury, illness or death. In addition, our marketing could face claims of false or deceptive advertising or other criticism. A significant product liability or other legal judgment against us, a related regulatory enforcement action, a widespread product recall or attempts to manipulate us based on threats related to the safety of our products could materially and adversely affect our reputation and profitability. Moreover, even if a product liability, consumer fraud or other claim is unsuccessful, has no merit or is not pursued, the negative publicity surrounding assertions against our products or processes could materially and adversely affect our reputation, brands, product sales, product inventory, financial condition and results of operations.

We could be subject to legal or tax claims or other regulatory enforcement actions.

We are a large snack food company operating in highly regulated environments and constantly evolving legal, tax and regulatory frameworks around the world. Consequently, we are subject to greater risk of litigation, legal or tax claims, or other regulatory enforcement actions. There can be no assurance that our employees, contractors or agents will not violate policies and procedures we have implemented to promote compliance with existing laws and regulations. Moreover, a failure to maintain effective control environment processes, including in connection with the development of our global shared services capability, could lead to violations, unintentional or otherwise, of laws and regulations. Litigation, legal or tax claims, or regulatory enforcement actions arising out of our failure or alleged failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations or controls, could subject us to civil and criminal penalties that could materially and adversely affect our reputation, product sales, financial condition and results of operations.

We must correctly predict, identify and interpret changes in consumer preferences and demand and offer new and improved products that meet those changes.

Consumer preferences for food and snacking products change continually. Our success depends on our ability to predict, identify and interpret the tastes, dietary habits, packaging, sales channel and other preferences of consumers around the world and to offer products that appeal to these preferences. Moreover, weak economic conditions, recession, equity market volatility or other factors, such as severe weather events, could affect consumer preferences and demand. If we do not offer products that appeal to consumers or if we misjudge consumer demand for our products, our sales and market share will decrease and our profitability could suffer.

 

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We must distinguish between short-term fads and trends and long-term changes in consumer preferences. If we do not accurately predict which shifts in consumer preferences or category trends will be long-term, or if we fail to introduce new and improved products to satisfy those changing preferences, our sales could decline. In addition, because of our varied and geographically diverse consumer base, we must offer an array of products that satisfy the broad spectrum of consumer preferences. If we fail to expand our product offerings successfully across product categories, or if we do not rapidly develop products in faster growing and more profitable categories, demand for our products could decrease and our profitability could suffer.

Prolonged negative perceptions concerning the health, environmental and social implications of certain food products and ingredients could influence consumer preferences and acceptance of some of our products and marketing programs. For example, consumers have increasingly focused on well-being, including reducing sodium and added sugar consumption. Developing more well-being products and contemporizing our brands by refining their ingredient and nutrition profiles are critical to our growth. In addition, consumer preferences differ by region, and we must monitor and adjust our use of ingredients to respond to these regional preferences. We might be unsuccessful in our efforts to effectively respond to changing consumer preferences and social expectations. Continued negative perceptions and failure to satisfy consumer preferences could materially and adversely affect our reputation, product sales, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not successfully identify, complete or manage strategic transactions.

We regularly evaluate a variety of potential strategic transactions, including acquisitions, divestitures, joint ventures, equity method investments and other strategic alliances that could further our strategic business objectives. We may not successfully identify, complete or manage the risks presented by these strategic transactions. Our success depends, in part, upon our ability to identify suitable transactions; negotiate favorable contractual terms; comply with applicable regulations and receive necessary consents, clearances and approvals (including regulatory and antitrust clearances and approvals); integrate or separate businesses; realize the full extent of the benefits, cost savings or synergies presented by strategic transactions; effectively implement control environment processes with employees joining us as a result of a transaction; minimize adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers; achieve accurate estimates of fair value; minimize potential loss of customers or key employees; and minimize indemnities and potential disputes with buyers, sellers and strategic partners. In addition, execution or oversight of strategic transactions may result in the diversion of management attention from our existing business and may present financial, managerial and operational risks.

With respect to acquisitions and joint ventures in particular, we are also exposed to potential risks based on our ability to conform standards, controls, policies and procedures, and business cultures; consolidate and streamline operations and infrastructures; identify and eliminate, as appropriate, redundant and underperforming operations and assets; manage inefficiencies associated with the integration of operations; and coordinate timely and ongoing compliance with antitrust and competition laws in the United States, the European Union and other jurisdictions. Joint ventures and similar strategic alliances pose additional risks, as we share ownership and in some cases management responsibilities with one or more other parties whose objectives for the alliance may diverge from ours over time, who may not have the same priorities, strategies or resources as we do, or whose interpretation of applicable policies may differ from our own. Transactions or ventures into which we enter might not meet our financial and non-financial control and compliance expectations or yield the anticipated benefits. Depending on the nature of the business ventures, including whether they operate globally, these ventures could also be subject to many of the same risks we are, including political, economic, regulatory and compliance risks, currency exchange rate fluctuations, and volatility of commodity and other input prices. Either partner might fail to recognize an alliance relationship that could expose the business to higher risk or make the venture not as productive as expected.

Furthermore, we may not be able to complete, on terms favorable to us, desired or proposed divestitures of businesses that do not meet our strategic objectives or our growth or profitability targets. Our divestiture activities, or related activities such as reorganizations, restructuring programs and transformation initiatives, may require us to recognize impairment charges or to take action to reduce costs that remain after we complete a divestiture. Gains or losses on the sales of, or lost operating income from, those businesses may also affect our profitability.

Any of these risks could materially and adversely affect our business, product sales, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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We could fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting.

The accuracy of our financial reporting depends on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements and may not prevent or detect misstatements because of its inherent limitations. These limitations include, among others, the possibility of human error, inadequacy or circumvention of controls and fraud. If we do not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or design and implement controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of our financial statements, including in connection with controls executed for us by third parties, we might fail to timely detect any misappropriation of corporate assets or inappropriate allocation or use of funds and could be unable to file accurate financial reports on a timely basis. As a result, our reputation, results of operations and stock price could be materially adversely affected.

Weak financial performance, downgrades in our credit ratings, illiquid global capital markets and volatile global economic conditions could limit our access to the global capital markets, reduce our liquidity and increase our borrowing costs.

We access the long-term and short-term global capital markets to obtain financing. Our financial performance, our short-and long-term debt credit ratings, interest rates, the stability of financial institutions with which we partner, the liquidity of the overall global capital markets and the state of the global economy, including the food industry, could affect our access to, and the availability or cost of, financing on acceptable terms and conditions and our ability to pay dividends in the future. There can be no assurance that we will have access to the global capital markets on terms we find acceptable.

We regularly access the commercial paper markets in the United States and Europe for ongoing funding requirements. A downgrade in our credit ratings by a credit rating agency could increase our borrowing costs and adversely affect our ability to issue commercial paper. Disruptions in the global commercial paper market or other effects of volatile economic conditions on the global credit markets also could reduce the amount of commercial paper that we could issue and raise our borrowing costs for both short- and long-term debt offerings.

Limitations on our ability to access the global capital markets, a reduction in our liquidity or an increase in our borrowing costs could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Volatility in the equity markets, interest rates, our participation in multiemployer pension plans and other factors could increase our costs relating to our employees’ pensions.

We sponsor a number of defined benefit pension plans for our employees throughout the world and also contribute toward our employees’ pensions under defined benefit plans that we do not sponsor. At the end of 2017, the projected benefit obligation of the defined benefit pension plans we sponsor was $12.6 billion and plan assets were $11.0 billion.

For defined benefit pension plans that we maintain, the difference between plan obligations and assets, or the funded status of the plans, significantly affects the net periodic benefit costs of our pension plans and the ongoing funding requirements of those plans. Our largest funded defined benefit pension plans are funded with trust assets invested in a globally diversified portfolio of investments, including equities and corporate and government debt. Among other factors, changes in interest rates, mortality rates, early retirement rates, investment returns, funding requirements in the jurisdictions in which the plans operate and the market value of plan assets can affect the level of plan funding, cause volatility in the net periodic pension cost and increase our future funding requirements. Legislative and other governmental regulatory actions may also increase funding requirements for our pension plans’ benefits obligation. Volatility in the global capital markets may increase the risk that we will be required to make additional cash contributions to the pension plans and recognize further increases in our net periodic pension cost.

We also participate in multiemployer pension plans. Our exposure under those plans may extend beyond what our obligation would be with respect to our own employees. Our contributions to a multiemployer plan may increase beyond our bargaining obligations depending on the financial condition of the multiemployer plan and the financial viability of other employers in the plan. We may be required to participate in funding the unfunded obligations of the plan allocable to a withdrawing employer, and our costs might increase as a result. Further, if we partially or completely withdraw from a multiemployer pension plan, we may be required to pay a partial or complete withdrawal liability. This withdrawal liability will generally increase if there is also a mass withdrawal of other participating employers or if the plan terminates. (See Note 9, Benefit Plans, to the consolidated financial statements for more information on our multiemployer pension plans.)

 

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A significant increase in our pension benefit obligations or funding requirements could curtail our ability to invest in the business and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our failure to protect our valuable intellectual property rights could reduce the value of our products and brands.

We consider our intellectual property rights, particularly and most notably our trademarks, but also our patents, trade secrets, copyrights and licensing agreements, to be a significant and valuable part of our business. We attempt to protect our intellectual property rights by taking advantage of a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws in various countries, as well as licensing agreements, third party nondisclosure and assignment agreements and policing of third party misuses of our intellectual property. Our failure to obtain or adequately protect our intellectual property rights, or any change in law or other changes that serve to lessen or remove the current legal protections of our intellectual property, may diminish our competitiveness and could materially harm our business.

We may be unaware of third party claims of intellectual property infringement relating to our technology, brands or products. Any litigation regarding patents or other intellectual property could be costly and time-consuming and could divert management’s and other key personnel’s attention from our business operations. Third party claims of intellectual property infringement might require us to pay monetary damages or enter into costly license agreements. We also may be subject to injunctions against development and sale of certain of our products. Any of these occurrences could materially and adversely affect our reputation, ability to introduce new products or improve the quality of existing products, product sales, financial condition and results of operations.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

 

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Item 2. Properties.

On December 31, 2017, we had approximately 138 manufacturing and processing facilities in 51 countries and 108 distribution centers and depots worldwide. During 2017, we disposed of 12 manufacturing facilities mainly in business divestitures and we reduced the number of distribution centers we own or lease by 22. In addition to our owned or leased properties listed below, we also utilize a highly distributed network of warehouses and distribution centers that are owned or leased by third party logistics partners, contract manufacturers, co-packers or other strategic partners. We believe we have or will add sufficient capacity to meet our planned operating needs. It is our practice to maintain all of our plants and other facilities in good condition.

 

                                                   
     As of December 31, 2017  
     Number of      Number of  
     Manufacturing      Distribution  
     Facilities      Facilities  

Latin America (1)

     17        3  

AMEA

     49        32  

Europe

     57        14  

North America

     15        59  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     138        108  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Owned

     125        15  

Leased

     13        93  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     138        108  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (1) Excludes our deconsolidated Venezuela operations. See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting: Venezuela, for additional information.  

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

Information regarding legal proceedings is available in Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies, to the consolidated financial statements in this report.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

 

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PART II

Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

We have listed our Common Stock on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “MDLZ.” At January 31, 2018, there were 52,572 holders of record of our Common Stock. Information regarding the market price of our Common Stock and dividends declared during the last two fiscal years is included in Note 17, Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited), to the consolidated financial statements.

Comparison of Five-Year Cumulative Total Return

The following graph compares the cumulative total return on our Common Stock with the cumulative total return of the S&P 500 Index and the Mondelēz International performance peer group index. The graph assumes, in each case, that an initial investment of $100 is made at the beginning of the five-year period. The cumulative total return reflects market prices at the end of each year and the reinvestment of dividends each year.

 

LOGO

 

As of December 31,

     Mondelēz  
  International  
           S&P 500              Performance  
  Peer Group  
 

2012

   $ 100.00      $ 100.00      $ 100.00  

2013

     141.09        132.39        119.11  

2014

     147.56        150.51        128.15  

2015

     185.03        152.59        131.35  

2016

     186.08        170.84        135.12  

2017

     183.14        208.14        156.68  

The Mondelēz International performance peer group consists of the following companies considered our market competitors or that have been selected on the basis of industry, global focus or industry leadership: Campbell Soup Company, The Coca-Cola Company, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Danone S.A., General Mills, Inc., The Hershey Company, Kellogg Company, The Kraft Heinz Company, Nestlé S.A., PepsiCo, Inc., The Procter & Gamble Company and Unilever PLC. The Kraft Heinz Company performance history is included for 2016 and 2017 only as the company was formed in 2015.

 

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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our stock repurchase activity for each of the three months in the quarter ended December 31, 2017 was:

 

                                                                           

Period

   Total
Number

of Shares
Purchased (1)
     Average
Price Paid
per Share (1)
     Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced

Plans or
Programs (2)
     Approximate Dollar Value
of Shares That May Yet
Be Purchased  Under

the Plans or Programs (2)
 

October 1-31, 2017

     1,227,255      $ 41.00        1,219,740      $ 978,678,089  

November 1-30, 2017

     1,310,860        42.78        1,308,300        922,700,280  

December 1-31, 2017

     6,510,143        43.08        6,477,334        643,678,089  
  

 

 

       

 

 

    

For the Quarter Ended
December 31, 2017

     9,048,258        42.75        9,005,374     
  

 

 

       

 

 

    

 

  (1) The total number of shares purchased (and the average price paid per share) reflects: (i) shares purchased pursuant to the repurchase program described in (2) below; and (ii) shares tendered to us by employees who used shares to exercise options and to pay the related taxes for grants of restricted stock and deferred stock units that vested, totaling 7,515 shares, 2,560 shares and 32,809 shares for the fiscal months of October, November and December 2017, respectively.

 

  (2) Our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of $13.7 billion of our Common Stock through December 31, 2018. Specifically, on March 12, 2013, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to the lesser of 40 million shares or $1.2 billion of our Common Stock through March 12, 2016. On August 6, 2013, our Audit Committee, with authorization delegated from our Board of Directors, increased the repurchase program capacity to $6.0 billion of Common Stock repurchases and extended the expiration date to December 31, 2016. On December 3, 2013, our Board of Directors approved an increase of $1.7 billion to the program related to a new accelerated share repurchase program, which concluded in May 2014. On July 29, 2015, our Finance Committee, with authorization delegated from our Board of Directors, approved a $6.0 billion increase that raised the repurchase program capacity to $13.7 billion and extended the program through December 31, 2018. On January 31, 2018 our Finance Committee, with authorization delegated from our Board of Directors, approved an increase of $6.0 billion in the share repurchase program, raising the authorization to $19.7 billion of Common Stock repurchases, and extended the program through December 31, 2020. See related information in Note 11, Capital Stock.

 

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Item 6.   Selected Financial Data

Mondelēz International, Inc.

Selected Financial Data – Five Year Review (1)

 

     2017      2016      2015      2014      2013  
     (in millions, except per share and employee data)  

Continuing Operations (2)

              

Net revenues

   $   25,896      $   25,923      $   29,636      $ 34,244      $ 35,299  

Earnings from continuing operations, net of taxes

     2,936        1,669        7,291        2,201        2,332  

Net earnings attributable to Mondelēz International:

              

Per share, basic

     1.93        1.07        4.49        1.29        1.30  

Per share, diluted

     1.91        1.05        4.44        1.28        1.29  

Cash Flow and Financial Position (3)

              

Net cash provided by operating activities

     2,593        2,838        3,728        3,562        6,410  

Capital expenditures

     1,014        1,224        1,514        1,642        1,622  

Property, plant and equipment, net

     8,677        8,229        8,362        9,827        10,247  

Total assets

     63,109        61,538        62,843        66,771        72,464  

Long-term debt

     12,972        13,217        14,557        13,821        14,431  

Total Mondelēz International shareholders’ equity

     26,111        25,161        28,012        27,750        32,373  

Shares outstanding at year end (4)

     1,488        1,528        1,580        1,664        1,705  

Per Share and Other Data

              

Book value per shares outstanding

     17.55        16.47        17.73        16.68        18.99  

Dividends declared per share (5)

     0.82        0.72        0.64        0.58        0.54  

Common Stock closing price at year end

     42.80        44.33        44.84        36.33        35.30  

Number of employees

     83,000        90,000        99,000        104,000        107,000  

 

(1) The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and Annual Reports on Form 10-K for earlier periods. A significant portion of our business is exposed to currency exchange rate fluctuation as a large portion of our assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses must be translated into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes. Refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for a discussion of operating results on a constant currency basis where noted.
(2) Significant items impacting the comparability of our results from continuing operations include: Spin-Off Costs in 2013-2014; restructuring programs in 2013-2017; cost savings initiatives in 2013; the contribution of our global coffee businesses and investment in JDE and related gain in 2015; gain on equity method investment transactions in 2016-2017; other divestitures and sales of property in 2013 and 2015-2017; acquisitions in 2013 and 2015-2016; the Cadbury acquisition-related Integration Program in 2013-2014; the benefit from the Cadbury acquisition-related indemnification resolution in 2013; losses on debt extinguishment in 2013-2017; unrealized gains on the coffee business transaction currency hedges in 2014-2015; debt tender offers completed in 2013-2016; loss on deconsolidation of Venezuela in 2015; the remeasurement of net monetary assets in Venezuela in 2013-2015; accounting calendar changes in 2013 and 2015; impairment charges related to intangible assets in 2014-2017; losses related to interest rate swaps in 2015-2016; benefits from the resolution of tax matters in 2017; CEO transition remuneration in 2017; malware incident incremental expenses in 2017; and our provision for income taxes in all years, including the U.S. tax reform discrete net tax benefit in 2017. Please refer to Notes 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies; 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions; 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets; 6, 2014-2018 Restructuring Program; 7, Debt and Borrowing Arrangements; 8, Financial Instruments; 12, Commitments and Contingencies; 14, Income Taxes; and 16, Segment Reporting, for additional information regarding items affecting comparability of our results from continuing operations.
(3) Items impacting comparability primarily relate to the Keurig and JDE coffee business transactions in 2014-2016, the loss on deconsolidation of Venezuela in 2015 and the receipt of net cash proceeds from the resolution of the Starbucks arbitration in 2013. Refer to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, for additional information on the resolution of the Starbucks arbitration in 2013. Beginning in 2015, debt issuance costs related to recognized debt liabilities were recorded as a deduction from the related debt obligations instead of as long-term other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. We made this reclassification in the prior periods presented for consistency.
(4) Refer to Note 11, Capital Stock, for additional information on our share repurchase program in 2013-2017.
(5) Refer to the Equity and Dividends section within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for information on our dividends.

 

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Item 7.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements. It should be read in conjunction with the other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in Item 8, Forward-Looking Statements and Item 1A, Risk Factors.

Description of the Company

We manufacture and market primarily snack food products, including biscuits (cookies, crackers and salted snacks), chocolate, gum & candy and various cheese & grocery products, as well as powdered beverage products. We have operations in more than 80 countries and sell our products in approximately 160 countries.

We aim to deliver strong, profitable long-term growth by accelerating our core snacks business and expanding the reach of our Power Brands globally. To fuel investments in our Power Brands and global and digital reach, we have been working to optimize our cost structure. These efforts include reinventing our supply chain operations and aggressively managing overhead costs. Through these actions, we’re leveraging our brands, platforms and capabilities to drive long-term value and return on investment for our shareholders.

U.S. Tax Reform

On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted tax reform legislation that included a broad range of business tax provisions, including but not limited to a reduction in the U.S. federal tax rate from 35% to 21% as well as provisions that limit or eliminate various deductions or credits. The legislation also causes U.S. allocated expenses (e.g. interest and general administrative expenses) to be taxed and imposes a new tax on U.S. cross-border payments. Furthermore, the legislation includes a one-time transition tax on accumulated foreign earnings and profits.

In response to the enactment of U.S. tax reform, the SEC issued guidance to address the complexity in accounting for this new legislation. When the initial accounting for items under the new legislation is incomplete, the guidance allows us to recognize provisional amounts when reasonable estimates can be made or to continue to apply the prior tax law if a reasonable estimate of the impact cannot be made. The SEC has provided up to a one-year window for companies to finalize the accounting for the impacts of this new legislation and we anticipate finalizing our accounting during 2018.

While our accounting for the new U.S. tax legislation is not complete, we have made reasonable estimates for some provisions and recognized a $59 million discrete net tax benefit in our 2017 financial statements. This net benefit is primarily comprised of a $1,311 million provisional deferred tax benefit from revaluing our net U.S. deferred tax liabilities to reflect the new U.S. corporate tax rate as well as an additional $61 million provisional deferred tax benefit related to changes in our indefinite reinvestment assertion, partially offset by a $1,317 million provisional charge for the estimated transition tax. However, as of the date of this Form 10-K, we are continuing to evaluate the accounting impacts of the legislation, as we continue to assemble and analyze all the information required to prepare and analyze these effects and await additional guidance from the U.S. Treasury Department, the IRS or other standard-setting bodies. Additionally, we continue to analyze other information and regulatory guidance, and accordingly we may record additional provisional amounts or adjustments to provisional amounts in future periods. See Note 14, Income Taxes, for further details on the impacts of U.S. tax reform.

Malware Incident

On June 27, 2017, a global malware incident impacted our business. The malware affected a significant portion of our global sales, distribution and financial networks. In the last four days of the second quarter and during the third quarter, we executed business continuity and contingency plans to contain the impact, minimize damages and restore our systems environment. To date, we have not found, nor do we expect to find, any instances of Company or personal data released externally. We have now restored our main operating systems and processes as well as enhanced our system security.

 

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During 2017, we estimate that the loss of revenue as a result of the malware incident had a negative impact of 0.4% on our net revenue and Organic Net Revenue growth. We also incurred incremental expenses of $84 million predominantly during the second half of 2017 as part of the recovery effort. We believe the recovery from this incident is largely resolved, and we do not expect significant ongoing impacts or incremental expenses from this incident in future periods. We also continue to make progress on our efforts to strengthen our security measures and mitigate cybersecurity risk. Refer to our Risk Factors section for a discussion of potential risks to our operations from cybersecurity threats.

Coffee Business Transactions

JDE Coffee Business Transactions:

On July 2, 2015, we completed transactions to combine our wholly owned coffee businesses with those of D.E Master Blenders 1753 B.V. to create a new company, Jacob Douwe Egberts (“JDE”). In connection with these transactions, in 2015, we recorded a final pre-tax gain of $6.8 billion ($6.6 billion after-tax) from the deconsolidation of our legacy coffee businesses. We also recorded approximately $1.0 billion of cumulative pre-tax net gains ($436 million in 2015 and $628 million in 2014) and cash related to currency hedging. See Note 2, Divestitures and AcquisitionsJDE Coffee Business Transactions, for additional details. As further described below, in March 2016, we exchanged a portion of our investment in JDE for an investment in Keurig Green Mountain Inc. (“Keurig”). As of December 31, 2017, we hold a 26.5% voting interest, a 26.4% ownership interest and a 26.2% profit and dividend sharing interest in JDE. We recorded JDE equity earnings of $129 million in 2017 and $100 million in 2016 and equity losses of $58 million in 2015. We also recorded $49 million of cash dividends received during the first quarter of 2017.

Keurig Transaction:

Following the March 3, 2016 Acorn Holdings B.V. acquisition of Keurig, on March 7, 2016, we exchanged a portion of our equity interest in JDE for an interest in Keurig valued at $2.0 billion. We recorded the difference between the fair value of the Keurig interest and our basis in JDE shares as a $43 million gain. Following the exchange, our ownership interest in JDE became 26.5% and we owned a 24.2% interest in Keurig. Our initial $2.0 billion investment in Keurig includes a $1.6 billion Keurig equity interest and a $0.4 billion shareholder loan receivable, which are reported on a combined basis within equity method investments on our consolidated balance sheet. The shareholder loan has a 5.5% interest rate and is payable at the end of a seven-year term on February 27, 2023. We recorded Keurig equity earnings of $208 million in 2017 (of which, approximately $119 million relates to the provisional tax benefit Keurig recorded as a result of U.S. tax reform), and $77 million in 2016. We recorded shareholder loan interest of $24 million in 2017 and $20 million in 2016. Additionally, we received shareholder loan interest payments of $30 million in 2017 and $14 million in 2016 and dividends of $14 million in 2017 and $4 million in 2016. See Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for additional details on the Keurig transaction.

Planned Keurig Dr Pepper Transaction:

On January 29, 2018, we announced that we would exchange our ownership interest in Keurig for equity in Keurig Dr Pepper, which is contingent upon the successful completion of a planned merger of Keurig with Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. Following the close of the merger in mid-2018, we expect our ownership in Keurig Dr Pepper to be 13-14%. We expect to account for this new investment under the equity method as we have for Keurig, resulting in our recognizing our share of their earnings within our earnings and our share of their dividends within our cash flows. We will have the right to nominate two directors to the board of Keurig Dr Pepper and will have certain governance rights over Keurig Dr Pepper following the transaction.

Venezuela Deconsolidation

Effective as of the close of the 2015 fiscal year, we deconsolidated our Venezuelan subsidiaries due to a loss of control over our Venezuelan operations and an other-than-temporary lack of currency exchangeability. We recorded a $778 million pretax loss on December 31, 2015 as we reduced the value of our investment in Venezuela and all Venezuelan receivables held by our other subsidiaries to realizable fair value, resulting in full impairment.

As of the start of 2016, we no longer included net revenues, earnings or net assets of our Venezuelan subsidiaries within our GAAP consolidated financial statements and we excluded Venezuela from our non-GAAP results for all historical periods presented to facilitate comparisons of operating results. See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting PoliciesCurrency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting: Venezuela, for more information on our Venezuela operations, including currency remeasurement losses and the loss on deconsolidation.

 

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Summary of Results

 

    Net revenues were approximately $25.9 billion in both 2017 and 2016, a decrease of 0.1% in 2017 and a decrease of 12.5% in 2016. Business deconsolidations and divestitures reduced net revenues during 2015-2017, with net revenues in 2016 most significantly affected by the deconsolidations of our historical coffee business and Venezuelan operations in 2015 as well as significant unfavorable currency translation impacts in 2016 and 2015.

 

    Organic Net Revenue increased 0.9% to $25.5 billion in 2017 and increased 1.5% to $26.4 billion in 2016. Organic Net Revenue is on a constant currency basis and excludes revenue from deconsolidated coffee and Venezuelan operations, divestitures and an acquisition. We use Organic Net Revenue as it provides improved year-over-year comparability of our underlying operating results (see the definition of Organic Net Revenue and our reconciliation with net revenues within Non-GAAP Financial Measures appearing later in this section).

 

    Diluted EPS attributable to Mondelēz International increased 81.9% to $1.91 in 2017 and decreased 76.4% to $1.05 in 2016. Diluted EPS increased in 2017 as prior-year refinancing and higher restructuring activities drove lower interest and overhead costs in 2017. We also recorded benefits from resolving two local indirect tax matters and gains from divesting non-core businesses during 2017. Diluted EPS was significantly lower in 2016 primarily as a result of the $6.8 billion gain recorded in 2015 in connection with the JDE coffee business transactions as well as a number of other significant items that affected the comparability of our reported results. See our Discussion and Analysis of Historical Results appearing later in this section for further details.

 

    Adjusted EPS increased 15.1% to $2.14 in 2017 and increased 21.6% to $1.86 in 2016. On a constant currency basis, Adjusted EPS increased 14.5% to $2.13 in 2017 and increased 25.5% to $1.92 in 2016. Lower manufacturing costs and overhead costs, driven by strong productivity efforts, were significant drivers of Adjusted EPS growth in both years. Adjusted EPS and Adjusted EPS on a constant currency basis are non-GAAP financial measures. We use these measures as they provide improved year-over-year comparability of our underlying results (see the definition of Adjusted EPS and our reconciliation with diluted EPS within Non-GAAP Financial Measures appearing later in this section).

Financial Outlook

We seek to achieve profitable, long-term growth and manage our business to attain this goal using our key operating metrics: Organic Net Revenue, Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted EPS. We use these non-GAAP financial metrics and related computations such as margins internally to evaluate and manage our business and to plan and make near-and long-term operating and strategic decisions. As such, we believe these metrics are useful to investors as they provide supplemental information in addition to our U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”) financial results. We believe providing investors with the same financial information that we use internally ensures that investors have the same data to make comparisons of our historical operating results, identify trends in our underlying operating results and gain additional insight and transparency on how we evaluate our business. We believe our non-GAAP financial measures should always be considered in relation to our GAAP results and we have provided reconciliations between our GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures within Non-GAAP Financial Measures appearing later in this section.

In addition to monitoring our key operating metrics, we monitor a number of developments and trends that could impact our revenue and profitability objectives.

Long-Term Demographics and Consumer Trends – Snack food consumption is highly correlated to GDP growth, urbanization of populations and rising discretionary income levels associated with a growing middle class, particularly in emerging markets. Over the long term, we expect these trends to continue leading to growth in consumer behaviors such as more frequent, smaller meals, snacking and greater use of convenience foods. We also recognize changing consumer trends such as the increased emphasis on well-being, time compression and wide participation across an evolving retail and digital landscape. To position ourselves for long-term growth, we are investing in our well-being and other snack offerings, product and marketing innovation and new routes to market including e-commerce.

 

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Demand – We monitor consumer spending and our market share within the food and beverage categories in which we sell our products. In recent years, low GDP growth, economic recessionary pressures, weak consumer confidence, a historically strong U.S. dollar and changing consumer trends have slowed category and our net revenue growth. While we have begun to see some improvements in global economic growth and a weaker U.S. dollar in 2017, there are still geopolitical and economic uncertainties, and category growth continues to be soft. Growth in our global snacking categories (excluding Venezuela) decreased from approximately 3.4% in 2015 and 2.4% in 2016 to 2.1% in 2017. We continue to make investments in our brand and snacks portfolio, while building strong routes to market to address the needs of consumers in emerging and developed markets. In doing so, we anticipate driving demand in our categories and growing our position in these markets.

Volatility of Global Markets – Our growth strategy depends in part on our ability to expand our operations, particularly in emerging markets. Some emerging markets have greater political, economic and currency volatility and greater vulnerability to infrastructure and labor disruptions than more established markets. Volatility in these markets affects demand for and the costs of our products and requires frequent changes in how we operate our business. Refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Venezuela, for further discussion of these issues and their impacts on our Venezuela operations. We expect continued volatility across our markets, particularly emerging markets. As such, we are focused on investing in our global Power Brands and routes to market while we protect our margins through the management of costs and pricing.

Competition – We operate in highly competitive markets that include global, regional and local competitors. Our advantaged geographic footprint, operating scale and portfolio of brands have all significantly contributed to building our market-leading positions across most of the product categories in which we sell. To grow and maintain our market positions, we focus on meeting consumer needs and preferences through new product innovations and product quality. We also continue to optimize our manufacturing and other operations and invest in our brands through ongoing research and development, advertising, marketing and consumer promotions.

Pricing – We adjust our product prices based on a number of variables including demand, the competitive environment and changes in our product input costs. Our net revenue growth and profitability may be affected as we adjust prices to address new conditions. Over 2015-2017, we generally increased prices in response to higher commodity costs, currency and other market factors. In 2018, we anticipate changing market conditions to continue to impact pricing. Price competition may continue to affect net revenues or market share in the near term as the market adjusts to changes in input costs and other market conditions.

Operating Costs – Our operating costs include raw materials, labor, selling, general and administrative expenses, taxes, currency impacts and financing costs. We manage these costs through cost saving and productivity initiatives, sourcing and hedging programs, pricing actions, refinancing and tax planning. We continue to renegotiate collective bargaining agreements covering eight U.S. facilities that expired beginning in February 2016. We have plans to ensure business continuity during the renegotiations. To remain competitive on our operating structure, we continue to work on programs to expand our profitability and margins, such as our 2014-2018 Restructuring Program, which is designed to bring about significant reductions in our operating cost structure in both our supply chain and overhead costs. Effective on October 1, 2016, we also integrated our EEMEA region operations into our Europe and Asia Pacific operating segments. This change had a favorable impact on our operating performance due to greater leverage of our European and AMEA regional businesses and resulting cost structure.

Taxes – While the 2017 U.S. tax reform reduced the U.S. corporate tax rate and included beneficial depreciation provisions, other provisions could have an adverse effect on our results. Specifically, new provisions that cause U.S. allocated expenses (e.g. interest and general administrative expenses) to be taxed and impose a tax on U.S. cross-border payments could adversely impact our effective tax rate. We will continue to evaluate the impacts as additional guidance on implementing the legislation becomes available.

 

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Currency – As a global company with 75.8% of our net revenues generated outside the United States, we are continually exposed to changes in global economic conditions and currency movements. In 2017, the U.S. dollar began to weaken relative to other currencies in which we operate, while in 2015 and 2016, the U.S. dollar generally was stronger as a number of countries experienced significant declines in or devaluations of their currency. The currency movements created volatility in our reported results of operations. Unfavorable currency translation impacts were 12.6 percentage points (or 12.0 percentage points excluding currency impacts related to Venezuela) of the 13.5% net revenue decrease in 2015 and 4.6 percentage points of the 12.5% net revenue decrease in 2016. In 2017, the 0.1% net revenue decrease reflected 0.3 percentage points of favorable currency translation impacts as the U.S. dollar generally weakened against a number of currencies this past year. As currency movements can make comparisons of year-over-year operating performance challenging, we isolate the impact of currency and also report growth on a constant currency basis, holding prior-year currency exchange rates constant, so that prior-year and current-year results can be compared on a consistent basis.

Historically, we have also been exposed to currency devaluation risks impacting earnings particularly, but not only, in connection with our Venezuela operations that were deconsolidated at the close of the 2015 fiscal year. In the months following the Brexit vote in June 2016, there was significant volatility in the global stock markets and currency exchange rates. The value of the British pound sterling relative to the U.S. dollar declined significantly and negatively affected our translated results reported in U.S. dollars. In December 2017, the European Union and United Kingdom agreed to begin trade negotiations, and we could experience additional volatility in the British pound sterling as the Brexit negotiations move forward.

To partially offset the translation of certain of our overseas operations, including the United Kingdom, we enter into net investment hedges primarily in the form of local currency denominated debt and cross-currency swaps and other financial instruments. We generally do not hedge against currency translation and primarily seek to hedge against economic losses on cross-currency transactions. Due to limited markets for hedging currency transactions and other factors, we may not be able to effectively hedge all of our cross-currency transaction risks. Local economies, monetary policies and currency hedging availability can affect our ability to hedge against currency-related economic losses. While we work to mitigate our exposure to currency risks, factors such as continued global and local market volatility, actions by foreign governments, political uncertainty, limited hedging opportunities and other factors could lead to unfavorable currency impacts in the future. We monitor currency-related risks and economies at risk of qualifying for highly inflationary accounting under U.S. GAAP, such as Argentina and Ukraine. While we work to safeguard our business, currency devaluations could adversely affect future demand for our products, our financial results and operations, and our relationships with customers, suppliers and employees in the short or long-term. We may not be able to fully offset the increased risks related to currency devaluations and Brexit, which could impact profitability should the currency-related conditions continue. See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting, and Note 8, Financial Instruments, for additional information.

Financing Costs – We regularly evaluate our variable and fixed-rate debt. We continue to use low-cost, short- and long-term debt to finance our ongoing working capital, capital expenditures and other investments, dividends and share repurchases. We also expect to use existing cash or short-term borrowings to finance the estimated $1.3 billion U.S. tax reform transition tax liability payable through 2026. During 2017, we retired $1.5 billion of long-term debt and issued lower-cost, short-term commercial paper and long-term Swiss franc debt. During 2016, we retired $6.2 billion of our long-term debt and issued lower-cost, long-term euro, Swiss franc and U.S. dollar-denominated debt. Our weighted-average interest rate on our total debt as of December 31, 2017 was 2.1%, down from 2.2% as of December 31, 2016 and down from 3.7% as of December 31, 2015. We also continue to use interest rate swaps and other financial instruments to manage our exposure to interest rate and cash flow variability, protect the value of our existing currency assets and liabilities and protect the value of our debt. For example, through February 8, 2018, we entered into cross-currency interest rate swaps and forwards with an aggregate notional value of $3.2 billion to hedge our non-U.S. net investments against adverse movements in exchange rates. We designated these swaps and forwards as net investment hedges related to our operations in our Europe and AMEA regions. We expect a favorable impact on our prospective financing costs as we reduce some of the financing costs and related currency impacts within our interest costs. Refer to Note 7, Debt and Borrowing Arrangements, and Note 8, Financial Instruments, for additional information on our debt and derivative activity.

 

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Discussion and Analysis of Historical Results

Items Affecting Comparability of Financial Results

The following table includes significant income or (expense) items that affected the comparability of our results of operations and our effective tax rates. Please refer to the notes to the consolidated financial statements indicated below for more information. Refer also to the Consolidated Results of Operations – Net Earnings and Earnings per Share Attributable to Mondelēz International table for the after-tax per share impacts of these items.

 

                                                                           
           For the Years Ended December 31,  
     See Note     2017     2016     2015  
           (in millions, except percentages)  

JDE coffee business transactions:

     Note 2        

Gain on contribution

     $     $     $ 6,809  

Incremental costs for readying the businesses

                   (278

Currency-related hedging net gains (1)

                   436  

Venezuela:

     Note 1        

Historical operating income (2)

                   266  

Remeasurement of net monetary assets:

        

Q1 2015: 11.50 to 12.00 bolivars to the U.S. dollar

                   (11

Loss on deconsolidation

                   (778

2014-2018 Restructuring Program:

     Note 6        

Restructuring charges

       (535     (714     (711

Implementation charges

       (257     (372     (291

Gain on equity method investment transactions (3)

     Note 2       40       43        

Loss on debt extinguishment and related expenses

     Note 7       (11     (427     (753

Loss related to interest rate swaps

     Note 7 & 8             (97     (34

CEO transition remuneration (4)

     See (4) below       (14            

Intangible asset impairment charges

     Note 5       (109     (137     (71

Divestitures, acquisitions and sales of property

     Note 2        

Gain on sale of intangible assets

             15        

Net gain on divestitures

       186       9       13  

Divestiture-related costs (5)

       (34     (86      

Acquisition-related costs

             (1     (8

Other acquisition integration costs

       (3     (7     (9

Gains on sales of property

             46        

Mark-to-market (losses)/gains from derivatives (6)

     Note 8       (96     (94     56  

Benefits from the resolution of tax matters (7)

     Note 12       281              

Malware incident incremental expenses

       (84            

U.S. tax reform discrete net tax benefit (8)

     Note 14       59              

Effective tax rate

     Note 14       22.0%       8.9%       7.5%  

 

  (1) To lock in an expected U.S. dollar value of the cash to be received in euros upon closing of the JDE coffee business transactions, we entered into currency exchange forward contracts beginning in May 2014, when the transaction was announced. We recognized related currency hedging net gains of $436 million in 2015. See Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the JDE coffee business transactions and related hedging transactions.
  (2) Excludes the impact of remeasurement losses and 2014-2018 Restructuring Program charges that are shown separately.
  (3) The gain on equity method investment transactions is recorded outside of pre-tax operating results on the consolidated statement of earnings.
  (4) Please see the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section at the end of this item for additional discussion of CEO transition remuneration.
  (5) Divestiture-related costs in 2017 totaled $34 million ($31 million in operating income and $3 million in interest and other expense, net).
  (6) Unrealized gains or losses on commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivatives. 2015 amounts exclude coffee commodity and currency derivative impacts that are included within the coffee operating results throughout the following sections.
  (7) Refer to Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies – Tax Matters, for more information. Primarily includes the reversal of tax liabilities in connection with the resolution of a Brazilian indirect tax matter and settlement of pre-acquisition Cadbury tax matters.
  (8) Refer to Note 14, Income Taxes, for more information on the impact of the U.S. tax reform.

 

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Consolidated Results of Operations

The following discussion compares our consolidated results of operations for 2017 with 2016 and 2016 with 2015.

2017 compared with 2016

 

                                                                           
     For the Years Ended
December 31,
               
     2017      2016      $ change      % change  
     (in millions, except per share data)         

Net revenues

   $ 25,896      $ 25,923      $ (27)        (0.1)%  

Operating income

     3,506        2,569        937        36.5%  

Earnings from continuing operations

     2,936        1,669        1,267        75.9%  

Net earnings attributable to
Mondelēz International

     2,922        1,659        1,263        76.1%  

Diluted earnings per share attributable to
Mondelēz International

     1.91        1.05        0.86        81.9%  

Net Revenues – Net revenues decreased $27 million (0.1%) to $25,896 million in 2017, and Organic Net Revenue (1) increased $220 million (0.9%) to $25,490 million. Power Brands net revenues increased 2.9%, including a favorable currency impact, and Power Brands Organic Net Revenue increased 2.1%. Emerging markets net revenues increased 3.7%, including a favorable currency impact, and emerging markets Organic Net Revenue increased 3.6%. The underlying changes in net revenues and Organic Net Revenue are detailed below:

 

                  
     2017  

Change in net revenues (by percentage point)

  

Total change in net revenues

     (0.1)%  

Add back the following items affecting comparability:

  

Favorable currency

     (0.3)pp  

Impact of acquisition

     (0.2)pp  

Impact of divestitures

     1.5pp  
  

 

 

 

Total change in Organic Net Revenue (1)

     0.9%  
  

 

 

 

Higher net pricing

     1.5pp  

Unfavorable volume/mix

     (0.6)pp  

 

  (1)   Please see the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section at the end of this item.

Net revenue decline of 0.1% was driven by the impact of divestitures, partially offset by our underlying Organic Net Revenue growth of 0.9%, favorable currency and the impact of an acquisition. The impact of divestitures resulted in a year-over-year decline in net revenues of $383 million for 2017. Our underlying Organic Net Revenue increase was driven by higher net pricing, partially offset by unfavorable volume/mix. Net pricing was up, which includes the benefit of carryover pricing from 2016 as well as the effects of input cost-driven pricing actions taken during 2017. Higher net pricing was reflected in Latin America and AMEA, partially offset by lower net pricing in North America and Europe. Unfavorable volume/mix was reflected in all segments except Europe, in part due to expected shipments that we did not realize following the second quarter malware incident. Favorable year-over-year currency impacts increased net revenues by $77 million, due primarily to the strength of several currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, including the Brazilian real, euro, Russian ruble, Australian dollar, Indian rupee and South African rand, partially offset by the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to several currencies, including the Egyptian pound, British pound sterling, Argentinean peso, Nigerian naira, Turkish lira, Philippine peso and Chinese yuan. The November 2, 2016 acquisition of a business and license to manufacture, market and sell Cadbury-branded biscuits in additional key markets added $59 million (constant currency basis) of incremental net revenues for 2017.

 

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Operating Income – Operating income increased $937 million (36.5%) to $3,506 million in 2017, Adjusted Operating Income (1) increased $376 million (9.9%) to $4,178 million and Adjusted Operating Income on a constant currency basis (1) increased $376 million (9.9%) to $4,178 million due to the following:

 

                                     
     Operating         
     Income      Change  
     (in millions)         

Operating Income for the Year Ended December 31, 2016

   $ 2,569     

2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs (2)

     1,086     

Intangible asset impairment charges (3)

     137     

Mark-to-market losses from derivatives (4)

     94     

Acquisition integration costs (5)

     7     

Acquisition-related costs (5)

     1     

Divestiture-related costs (6)

     86     

Operating income from divestitures (6)

     (153   

Gain on divestiture (6)

     (9   

Gain on sale of intangible assets (7)

     (15   

Other/rounding

     (1   
  

 

 

    

Adjusted Operating Income (1) for the Year Ended December 31, 2016

   $ 3,802     

Higher net pricing

     370     

Higher input costs

     (173   

Unfavorable volume/mix

     (160   

Lower selling, general and administrative expenses

     405     

Gains on sales of property in 2016 (8)

     (46   

VAT-related settlement in 2016

     (54   

Property insurance recovery

     27     

Impact from acquisition (8)

     8     

Other

     (1   
  

 

 

    

Total change in Adjusted Operating Income (constant currency) (1)

     376        9.9%  

Currency translation

         
  

 

 

    

Total change in Adjusted Operating Income (1)

     376        9.9%  
  

 

 

    

Adjusted Operating Income (1) for the Year Ended December 31, 2017

   $ 4,178     

2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs (2)

     (792   

Intangible asset impairment charges (3)

     (109   

Mark-to-market losses from derivatives (4)

     (96   

Malware incident incremental expenses

     (84   

Acquisition integration costs (5)

     (3   

Divestiture-related costs (6)

     (31   

Operating income from divestitures (6)

     61     

Net gain on divestitures (6)

     186     

Benefits from resolution of tax matters (9)

     209     

CEO transition remuneration

     (14   

Other/rounding

     1     
  

 

 

    

Operating Income for the Year Ended December 31, 2017

   $ 3,506        36.5%  
  

 

 

    

 

  (1) Refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section at the end of this item.
  (2) Refer to Note 6, 2014-2018 Restructuring Program, for more information.
  (3) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, and Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for more information on trademark impairments.
  (4) Refer to Note 8, Financial Instruments, Note 16, Segment Reporting, and Non-GAAP Financial Measures appearing later in this section for more information on the unrealized gains/losses on commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivatives.
  (5) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the acquisition of a biscuit business in Vietnam.
  (6) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the 2017 sales of a confectionery business in France, a grocery business in Australia and New Zealand, certain licenses of KHC-owned brands used in our grocery business within our Europe region, sale of one of our equity method investments and sale of a confectionary business in Japan. Additionally, the 2016 amount includes a sale of a confectionery business in Costa Rica.
  (7) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the 2016 intangible asset sale in Finland.

 

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  (8) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the 2016 purchase of a license to manufacture, market and sell Cadbury-branded biscuits in additional key markets and other property sales in 2016.
  (9) Refer to Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies – Tax Matters, for more information. Primarily includes the reversal of tax liabilities in connection with the resolution of a Brazilian indirect tax matter and settlement of pre-acquisition Cadbury tax matters.

During 2017, we realized higher net pricing while input costs increased modestly. Higher net pricing, which included the carryover impact of pricing actions taken in 2016 as well as the effects of input cost-driven pricing actions taken during 2017, was driven by Latin America and AMEA, partially offset by lower net pricing in North America and Europe. The increase in input costs was driven by higher raw material costs which were partially offset by lower manufacturing costs due to productivity. Unfavorable volume/mix was driven by North America, Latin America and AMEA, which was partially offset by favorable volume/mix in Europe.

Total selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $629 million from 2016, due to a number of factors noted in the table above, including in part, the benefits from the resolution of tax matters, lower implementation costs incurred for the 2014-2018 Restructuring Program, lower divestiture-related costs, a property insurance recovery in AMEA and lower intangible asset impairment charges. The decreases were partially offset by gains on sales of property in 2016, unfavorable currency impact, Value-added tax (“VAT”) related settlements in 2016 and incremental expenses incurred due to the malware incident.

Excluding the factors noted above, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $405 million from 2016. The decrease was driven primarily by lower overhead costs and lower advertising and consumer promotion costs due to continued cost reduction efforts in both areas.

Currency changes during the year did not impact operating income as the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to several currencies, including the Egyptian pound, British pound sterling and Argentinean peso, was offset by the strength of several currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, including the euro, Brazilian real, Russian ruble, Australian dollar, Indian rupee and South African rand.

Operating income margin increased from 9.9% in 2016 to 13.5% in 2017. The increase in operating income margin was driven primarily by an increase in our Adjusted Operating Income margin, lower 2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs, the benefits from the resolution of tax matters, the net gain on divestitures and lower divestiture-related costs, partially offset by incremental costs related to the malware incident and CEO transition remuneration costs. Adjusted Operating Income margin increased from 15.0% in 2016 to 16.3% in 2017. The increase in Adjusted Operating Income margin was driven primarily by lower overheads and lower advertising and consumer promotion costs due to continued cost reduction efforts in both areas.

 

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Net Earnings and Earnings per Share Attributable to Mondelēz International – Net earnings attributable to Mondelēz International of $2,922 million increased by $1,263 million (76.1%) in 2017. Diluted EPS attributable to Mondelēz International was $1.91 in 2017, up $0.86 (81.9%) from 2016. Adjusted EPS (1) was $2.14 in 2017, up $0.28 (15.1%) from 2016. Adjusted EPS on a constant currency basis (1) was $2.13 in 2017, up $0.27 (14.5%) from 2016.

 

                  
     Diluted EPS  

Diluted EPS Attributable to Mondelēz International for the Year Ended December 31, 2016

   $ 1.05  

2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs (2)

     0.51  

Intangible asset impairment charges (2)

     0.06  

Mark-to-market losses from derivatives (2)

     0.05  

Acquisition integration costs (2)

     0.01  

Divestiture-related costs (2)

     0.05  

Net earnings from divestitures (2)

     (0.08

Gain on sale of intangible assets (2)

     (0.01

Loss related to interest rate swaps (3)

     0.04  

Loss on debt extinguishment and related expenses (4)

     0.17  

Gain on equity method investment transaction (5)

     (0.03

Equity method investee acquisition-related and other adjustments (6)

     0.04  
  

 

 

 

Adjusted EPS (1) for the Year Ended December 31, 2016

   $ 1.86  

Increase in operations

     0.22  

Increase in equity method investment net earnings

     0.02  

Gains on sales of property in 2016 (2)

     (0.02

VAT-related settlements in 2016

     (0.04

Property insurance recovery

     0.01  

Impact from acquisition (2)

      

Lower interest and other expense, net (7)

     0.08  

Changes in shares outstanding (8)

     0.05  

Changes in income taxes (9)

     (0.05
  

 

 

 

Adjusted EPS (constant currency) (1) for the Year Ended December 31, 2017

   $ 2.13  

Favorable currency translation

     0.01  
  

 

 

 

Adjusted EPS (1) for the Year Ended December 31, 2017

   $ 2.14  

2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs (2)

     (0.39

Intangible asset impairment charges (2)

     (0.05

Mark-to-market losses from derivatives (2)

     (0.06

Malware incident incremental expenses

     (0.04

Acquisition integration costs (2)

      

Divestiture-related costs (2)

     (0.02

Net earnings from divestitures (2)

     0.03  

Net gain on divestitures (2)

     0.11  

Benefits from resolution of tax matters (2)

     0.13  

CEO transition remuneration

     (0.01

U.S. tax reform discrete net tax benefit (10)

     0.04  

Gain on equity method investment transaction (11)

     0.02  

Equity method investee acquisition-related and other adjustments (6)

     0.01  
  

 

 

 

Diluted EPS Attributable to Mondelēz International for the Year Ended December 31, 2017

   $ 1.91  
  

 

 

 

 

  (1) Refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section appearing later in this section.
  (2) See the Operating Income table above and the related footnotes for more information.
  (3) Refer to Note 8, Financial Instruments, for more information on our interest rate swaps, which we no longer designate as cash flow hedges effective the first quarter of 2016 due to changes in financing and hedging plans.
  (4) Refer to Note 7, Debt and Borrowing Arrangements, for more information on our loss on debt extinguishment and related expenses in connection with our debt tender offers.
  (5) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions – Keurig Transaction, for more information on the 2016 acquisition of an interest in Keurig.

 

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  (6) Includes our proportionate share of unusual or infrequent items, such as acquisition and divestiture-related costs, restructuring program costs and discrete U.S. tax reform impacts recorded by our JDE and Keurig equity method investees.
  (7) Excludes the currency impact on interest expense related to our non-U.S. dollar-denominated debt which is included in currency translation.
  (8) Refer to Note 10, Stock Plans, for more information on our equity compensation programs, Note 11, Capital Stock, for more information on our share repurchase program and Note 15, Earnings Per Share, for earnings per share weighted-average share information.
  (9) Refer to Note 14, Income Taxes, for more information on the items affecting income taxes.
  (10) Refer to Note 14, Income Taxes, for more information on the impact of the U.S. tax reform.
  (11) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the 2017 sale of an interest in one of our equity method investments.

2016 compared with 2015

 

                                                                           
     For the Years Ended
December 31,
               
     2016      2015      $ change      % change  
     (in millions, except per share data)         

Net revenues

   $ 25,923      $ 29,636      $ (3,713      (12.5)%  

Operating income

     2,569        8,897        (6,328      (71.1)%  

Earnings from continuing operations

     1,669        7,291        (5,622      (77.1)%  

Net earnings attributable to Mondelēz International

     1,659        7,267        (5,608      (77.2)%  

Diluted earnings per share attributable to
Mondelēz International

     1.05        4.44        (3.39      (76.4)%  

Net Revenues – Net revenues decreased $3,713 million (12.5%) to $25,923 million in 2016, and Organic Net Revenue (1) increased $390 million (1.5%) to $26,411 million. Power Brands net revenues decreased 10.9%, primarily due to the deconsolidation of our historical coffee business, unfavorable currency and the deconsolidation of our historical Venezuelan operations, and Power Brands Organic Net Revenue increased 3.3%. Emerging markets net revenues decreased 19.1%, primarily due to the deconsolidation of our historical Venezuelan operations, unfavorable currency and the deconsolidation of our historical coffee business, and emerging markets Organic Net Revenue increased 2.7%. The underlying changes in net revenues and Organic Net Revenue are detailed below:

 

                  
     2016  

Change in net revenues (by percentage point)

  

Total change in net revenues

     (12.5)%  

Add back of the following items affecting comparability:

  

Historical coffee business (1)

     5.6pp  

Unfavorable currency

     4.8pp  

Historical Venezuelan operations (2)

     3.7pp  

Impact of accounting calendar change

     0.3pp  

Impact of acquisitions

     (0.4)pp  

Impact of divestitures

      
  

 

 

 

Total change in Organic Net Revenue (3)

     1.5%  
  

 

 

 

Higher net pricing

     1.6pp  

Unfavorable volume/mix

     (0.1)pp  

 

  (1) Includes our historical global coffee business prior to the July 2, 2015 JDE coffee business transactions. Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, and Non-GAAP Financial Measures appearing later in this section for more information.
  (2) Includes the historical results of our Venezuelan subsidiaries (including Venezuela currency impacts) prior to the December 31, 2015 deconsolidation. Refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting: Venezuela, for more information.
  (3) Please see the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section at the end of this item.

 

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Net revenue decline of 12.5% was driven by the impact of the deconsolidation of our historical coffee business, unfavorable currency, the deconsolidation of our historical Venezuelan operations and the year-over-year impact of the 2015 accounting calendar change, partially offset by our underlying Organic Net Revenue growth of 1.5%, and the impact of acquisitions. The adjustment for deconsolidating our historical coffee business resulted in a year-over-year decrease in net revenues of $1,627 million for 2016. Unfavorable currency impacts decreased net revenues by $1,233 million, due primarily to the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to several currencies, including the Argentinean peso, British pound sterling, Mexican peso, Brazilian real, Chinese yuan and Russian ruble. The deconsolidation of our historical Venezuelan operations resulted in a year-over-year decrease in net revenues of $1,217 million for 2016. The North America segment accounting calendar change in 2015 resulted in a year-over-year decrease in net revenues of $76 million for 2016. Our underlying Organic Net Revenue growth was driven by higher net pricing, partially offset by unfavorable volume/mix. Net pricing was up, which includes the benefit of carryover pricing from 2015 as well as the effects of input cost-driven pricing actions taken during 2016. Higher net pricing was reflected in Latin America and AMEA, partially offset by lower net pricing in Europe and North America. Unfavorable volume/mix was reflected in Latin America and AMEA, mostly offset by favorable volume/mix in Europe and North America. Unfavorable volume/mix in Latin America and AMEA was largely due to price elasticity as well as strategic decisions to exit certain low-margin product lines. The impact of acquisitions primarily includes the July 15, 2015 acquisition of a biscuit operation in Vietnam, which added $71 million of incremental net revenues for 2016, and the November 2, 2016 acquisition of a business and a license to manufacture, market and sell Cadbury-branded biscuits in additional key markets, which added $16 million of incremental net revenues for 2016.

 

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Operating Income – Operating income decreased $6,328 million (71.1%) to $2,569 million in 2016, Adjusted Operating Income (1) increased $486 million (14.7%) to $3,802 million and Adjusted Operating Income on a constant currency basis (1) increased $657 million (19.8%) to $3,973 million due to the following:

 

                                     
     Operating
Income
     Change  
     (in millions)         

Operating Income for the Year Ended December 31, 2015

   $ 8,897     

2012-2014 Restructuring Program costs (2)

     (4   

2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs (2)

     1,002     

Intangible asset impairment charges (3)

     71     

Mark-to-market gains from derivatives (4)

     (56   

Acquisition integration costs (5)

     9     

Acquisition-related costs (5)

     8     

Operating income from divestiture (6)

     (182   

Gain on divestiture (6)

     (13   

Operating income from Venezuelan subsidiaries (7)

     (281   

Remeasurement of net monetary assets in Venezuela (7)

     11     

Loss on deconsolidation of Venezuela (7)

     778     

Costs associated with the coffee business transactions (8)

     278     

Gain on the JDE coffee business transactions (8)

     (6,809   

Reclassification of historical coffee business operating income (9)

     (342   

Reclassification of equity method investment earnings (10)

     (51   
  

 

 

    

Adjusted Operating Income (1) for the Year Ended December 31, 2015

   $ 3,316     

Higher net pricing

     422     

Higher input costs

     (131   

Favorable volume/mix

     11     

Lower selling, general and administrative expenses

     318     

Gains on sales of property (11)

     46     

Higher VAT-related settlements

     24     

Impact from acquisitions (11)

     4     

Impact of accounting calendar change (12)

     (36   

Other

     (1   
  

 

 

    

Total change in Adjusted Operating Income (constant currency) (1)

     657        19.8

Unfavorable currency translation

     (171   
  

 

 

    

Total change in Adjusted Operating Income (1)

     486        14.7
  

 

 

    

Adjusted Operating Income (1) for the Year Ended December 31, 2016

   $ 3,802     

2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs (2)

     (1,086   

Intangible asset impairment charges (3)

     (137   

Mark-to-market losses from derivatives (4)

     (94   

Acquisition integration costs (5)

     (7   

Acquisition-related costs (5)

     (1   

Divestiture-related costs (13)

     (86   

Operating income from divestiture (6)

     153     

Gain on divestiture (6)

     9     

Gain on sale of intangible assets (14)

     15     

Other/rounding

     1     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating Income for the Year Ended December 31, 2016

   $ 2,569        (71.1 )% 
  

 

 

    

 

  (1) Refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section at the end of this item.
  (2) Refer to Note 6, 2014-2018 Restructuring Program, for more information. Refer to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for additional information in Note 6, Restructuring Programs.

 

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  (3) Refer to Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for more information on the impairment charges recorded in 2016 and 2015 related to trademarks.
  (4) Refer to Note 8, Financial Instruments, Note 16, Segment Reporting, and Non-GAAP Financial Measures appearing later in this section for more information on these unrealized gains and losses on commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivatives.
  (5) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the acquisition of a biscuit business in Vietnam.
  (6) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the December 1, 2016 sale of a confectionery business in Costa Rica. The sale of the confectionery business in Costa Rica generated a pre-tax and after-tax gain of $9 million in 2016. Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for more information on the April 23, 2015 divestiture of Ajinomoto General Foods, Inc. (“AGF”). The divestiture of AGF generated a pre-tax gain of $13 million and after-tax loss of $9 million in 2015.
  (7) Includes the historical results of our Venezuelan subsidiaries prior to the December 31, 2015 deconsolidation. Refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting: Venezuela, for more information on the deconsolidation and remeasurement loss in 2015.
  (8) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the JDE coffee business transactions.
  (9) Includes our historical global coffee business prior to the July 2, 2015 divestiture. We reclassified the results of our historical coffee business from Adjusted Operating Income and included them with equity method investment earnings in Adjusted EPS to facilitate comparisons of past and future coffee operating results. Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, and Non-GAAP Financial Measures appearing later in this section for more information.
  (10) Historically, we have recorded income from equity method investments within our operating income as these investments operated as extensions of our base business. Beginning in the third quarter of 2015, to align with the accounting for JDE earnings, we began to record the earnings from our equity method investments in after-tax equity method investment earnings outside of operating income. In periods prior to July 2, 2015, we have reclassified the equity method earnings from Adjusted Operating Income to evaluate our operating results on a consistent basis.
  (11) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the 2016 purchase of a license to manufacture, market and sell Cadbury-branded biscuits in additional key markets and other property sales in 2016.
  (12) Refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Accounting Calendar Change, for more information on the accounting calendar change in 2015.
  (13) Includes costs incurred and accrued related to the planned sale of a confectionery business in France. Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information.
  (14) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the 2016 intangible asset sale in Finland.

During 2016, we realized higher net pricing while input costs increased modestly. Higher net pricing, which included the carryover impact of pricing actions taken in 2015, was reflected in Latin America and AMEA, partially offset by lower net pricing in Europe and North America. The increase in input costs was driven by higher raw material costs, in part due to higher currency exchange transaction costs on imported materials, which were partially offset by lower manufacturing costs due to productivity. Favorable volume/mix was driven by Europe and North America, which was mostly offset by unfavorable volume/mix in Latin America and AMEA.

Total selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $1,037 million from 2015, due to a number of factors noted in the table above, including in part, the deconsolidation of our historical coffee business, a favorable currency impact, lower costs associated with the JDE coffee business transactions, the deconsolidation of our Venezuelan operations, gains on the sales of property, VAT-related settlements and the absence of devaluation charges related to our net monetary assets in Venezuela in 2016. The decreases were partially offset by increases from divestiture-related costs associated with the planned sale of a confectionery business in France, the reclassification of equity method investment earnings, higher implementation costs incurred for the 2014-2018 Restructuring Program and the impact of acquisitions.

Excluding the factors noted above, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $318 million from 2015. The decrease was driven primarily by lower overhead costs due to continued cost reduction efforts.

We recorded a benefit of $54 million in 2016 from VAT-related settlements in Latin America as compared to $30 million in 2015. Unfavorable currency impacts decreased operating income by $171 million due primarily to the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to most currencies, including the British pound sterling, Argentinean peso and Mexican peso.

Operating income margin decreased from 30.0% in 2015 to 9.9% in 2016. The decrease in operating income margin was driven primarily by last year’s pre-tax gain on the JDE coffee business transactions, the deconsolidation of our historical coffee business, the deconsolidation of our Venezuelan operations, the unfavorable year-over-year change in mark-to-market gains/losses from derivatives, higher costs incurred for the 2014-2018 Restructuring Program, divestiture-related costs associated with the planned sale of a confectionery business in France, higher intangible asset impairment charges and the reclassification of equity method earnings. The items that decreased our operating income margin were partially offset by the prior-year loss on the Venezuela deconsolidation, an increase in our Adjusted Operating Income margin and the absence of costs associated with the JDE coffee business transactions. Adjusted Operating Income margin increased from 12.7% in 2015 to 15.0% in 2016. The increase in Adjusted Operating Income margin was driven primarily by lower overheads from cost reduction programs, improved gross margin reflecting productivity efforts, gains on sales of property and VAT-related settlements.

 

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Net Earnings and Earnings per Share Attributable to Mondelēz International – Net earnings attributable to Mondelēz International of $1,659 million decreased by $5,608 million (77.2%) in 2016. Diluted EPS attributable to Mondelēz International was $1.05 in 2016, down $3.39 (76.4%) from 2015. Adjusted EPS (1) was $1.86 in 2016, up $0.33 (21.6%) from 2015. Adjusted EPS on a constant currency basis (1) was $1.92 in 2016, up $0.39 (25.5%) from 2015.

 

                  
     Diluted EPS  

Diluted EPS Attributable to Mondelēz International for the Year Ended December 31, 2015

   $ 4.44  

2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs (2)

     0.45  

Intangible asset impairment charges (3)

     0.03  

Mark-to-market gains from derivatives (4)

     (0.03

Acquisition integration costs (5)

      

Acquisition-related costs (5)

      

Net earnings from divestiture (6)

     (0.07

Loss on divestiture (6)

     0.01  

Net earnings from Venezuelan subsidiaries (7)

     (0.10

Remeasurement of net monetary assets in Venezuela (7)

     0.01  

Loss on deconsolidation of Venezuela (7)

     0.48  

Gain on the JDE coffee business transactions (8)

     (4.05

(Income) / costs associated with the JDE coffee business transactions (8)

     (0.01

Loss related to interest rate swaps (9)

     0.01  

Loss on debt extinguishment and related expenses (10)

     0.29  

Equity method investee acquisition-related and other adjustments (11)

     0.07  
  

 

 

 

Adjusted EPS (1) for the Year Ended December 31, 2015

   $ 1.53  

Increase in operations

     0.28  

Decrease in operations from historical coffee business,
net of increase in equity method investment net earnings (12)

     (0.05

Gains on sales of property (5)

     0.02  

VAT-related settlements

     0.03  

Impact of acquisitions (5)

      

Impact of accounting calendar change (13)

     (0.01

Lower interest and other expense, net (14)

      

Changes in shares outstanding (15)

     0.08  

Changes in income taxes (16)

     0.04  
  

 

 

 

Adjusted EPS (constant currency) (1) for the Year Ended December 31, 2016

   $ 1.92  

Unfavorable currency translation

     (0.06
  

 

 

 

Adjusted EPS (1) for the Year Ended December 31, 2016

   $ 1.86  

2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs (2)

     (0.51

Intangible asset impairment charges (3)

     (0.06

Mark-to-market losses from derivatives (4)

     (0.05

Acquisition integration costs (5)

     (0.01

Acquisition-related costs (5)

      

Divestiture-related costs (17)

     (0.05

Net earnings from divestiture (6)

     0.08  

Gain on divestiture (6)

      

Gain on sale of intangible assets (5)

     0.01  

Loss related to interest rate swaps (9)

     (0.04

Loss on debt extinguishment and related expenses (10)

     (0.17

Gain on equity method investment transaction (18)

     0.03  

Equity method investee acquisition-related and other adjustments (11)

     (0.04
  

 

 

 

Diluted EPS Attributable to Mondelēz International for the Year Ended December 31, 2016

   $ 1.05  
  

 

 

 

 

  (1) Refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section appearing later in this section.
  (2) Refer to Note 6, 2014-2018 Restructuring Program, for more information.
  (3) Refer to Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for more information on the impairment charges recorded in 2016 and 2015 related to trademarks.

 

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  (4) Refer to Note 8, Financial Instruments, Note 16, Segment Reporting, and Non-GAAP Financial Measures appearing later in this section for more information on these unrealized gains and losses on commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivatives.
  (5) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the 2016 purchase of a license to manufacture, market and sell Cadbury-branded biscuits in additional key markets, 2016 intangible asset sale in Finland, 2015 acquisitions of a biscuit operation in Vietnam and Enjoy Life Foods and other property sales in 2016.
  (6) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the December 1, 2016 sale of a confectionery business in Costa Rica. The sale of the confectionery business in Costa Rica generated a pre-tax and after-tax gain of $9 million in 2016. Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for more information on the April 23, 2015 divestiture of AGF. The divestiture of AGF generated a pre-tax gain of $13 million and after-tax loss of $9 million in 2015.
  (7) Includes the historical results of our Venezuelan subsidiaries prior to the December 31, 2015 deconsolidation. Refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting: Venezuela, for more information on the deconsolidation and remeasurement loss in 2015.
  (8) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the JDE coffee business transactions. Net gains of $436 million in 2015 on the currency hedges related to the coffee business transactions were recorded in interest and other expense, net and are included in the income/(costs) associated with the coffee business transactions of $(0.01) in the table above.
  (9) Refer to Note 8, Financial Instruments, for more information on our interest rate swaps, which we no longer designate as cash flow hedges due to a change in financing and hedging plans.
  (10) Refer to Note 7, Debt and Borrowing Arrangements, for more information on our loss on debt extinguishment and related expenses in connection with our debt tender offers.
  (11) Includes our proportionate share of unusual or infrequent items, such as acquisition and divestiture-related costs and restructuring program costs, recorded by our JDE and Keurig equity method investees.
  (12) Includes our historical global coffee business prior to the July 2, 2015 deconsolidation. We reclassified the results of our historical coffee business from Adjusted Operating Income and included them with equity method investment earnings in Adjusted EPS to facilitate comparisons of past and future coffee operating results. Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, and Non-GAAP Financial Measures appearing later in this section for more information.
  (13) Refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for more information on the accounting calendar change in 2015.
  (14) Excludes the favorable currency impact on interest expense related to our non-U.S. dollar-denominated debt which is included in currency translation.
  (15) Refer to Note 10, Stock Plans, for more information on our equity compensation programs, Note 11, Capital Stock, for more information on our share repurchase program and Note 15, Earnings Per Share, for earnings per share weighted-average share information.
  (16) Refer to Note 14, Income Taxes, for more information on items affecting income taxes.
  (17) Includes costs incurred and accrued related to the planned sale of a confectionery business in France. Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information.
  (18) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions – Keurig Transaction, for more information on the 2016 acquisition of an interest in Keurig.

Results of Operations by Reportable Segment

Our operations and management structure are organized into four reportable operating segments:

    Latin America
    AMEA
    Europe
    North America

On October 1, 2016, we integrated our EEMEA operating segment into our Europe and Asia Pacific operating segments to further leverage and optimize the operating scale built within the Europe and Asia Pacific regions. Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Belarus, Georgia and Kazakhstan were combined within our Europe operating segment, while the remaining Middle East and African countries were combined within our Asia Pacific region to form a new AMEA regional operating segment. We have reflected the segment change as if it had occurred in all periods presented.

We manage our operations by region to leverage regional operating scale, manage different and changing business environments more effectively and pursue growth opportunities as they arise in our key markets. Our regional management teams have responsibility for the business, product categories and financial results in the regions.

Historically, we have recorded income from equity method investments within our operating income as these investments were part of our base business. Beginning in the third quarter of 2015, to align with the accounting for our new coffee equity method investment in JDE, we began to record the earnings from our equity method investments in equity method investment earnings outside of segment operating income. For the six months ended December 31, 2015, after-tax equity method investment net earnings were less than $1 million on a combined basis. Earnings from equity method investments through July 2, 2015 recorded within segment operating income were $52 million in AMEA and $4 million in North America. See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Principles of Consolidation, and Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for additional information.

 

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In 2015, we also began to report stock-based compensation for our corporate employees within general corporate expenses that were reported within our North America region. We reclassified $32 million of corporate stock-based compensation expense in 2015 from the North America segment to general corporate expenses.

We use segment operating income to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources. We believe it is appropriate to disclose this measure to help investors analyze segment performance and trends. See Note 16, Segment Reporting, for additional information on our segments and Items Affecting Comparability of Financial Results earlier in this section for items affecting our segment operating results.

Our segment net revenues and earnings, reflecting our current segment structure for all periods presented, were:

 

                                                        
     For the Years Ended December 31,  
     2017      2016      2015  
     (in millions)  

Net revenues:

        

Latin America (1)

   $ 3,566      $ 3,392      $ 4,988  

AMEA (2)

     5,739        5,816        6,002  

Europe (2)

     9,794        9,755        11,672  

North America

     6,797        6,960        6,974  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net revenues

   $ 25,896      $ 25,923      $ 29,636  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (1) Net revenues of $1,217 million for 2015 from our Venezuelan subsidiaries are included in our consolidated financial statements. Beginning in 2016, we account for our Venezuelan subsidiaries using the cost method of accounting and no longer include net revenues of our Venezuelan subsidiaries within our consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting: Venezuela, for more information.
  (2) On July 2, 2015, we contributed our global coffee businesses primarily from our Europe and AMEA segments. Net revenues of our global coffee business were $1,561 million in Europe and $66 million in AMEA for the year ended December 31, 2015. Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions – JDE Coffee Business Transactions, for more information.

 

                                                        
     For the Years Ended December 31,  
     2017      2016      2015  
     (in millions)  

Earnings before income taxes:

        

Operating income:

        

Latin America

   $ 565      $ 271      $ 485  

AMEA

     516        506        389  

Europe

     1,680        1,267        1,350  

North America

     1,120        1,078        1,105  

Unrealized (losses)/gains on hedging activities
(mark-to-market impacts)

     (96      (94      96  

General corporate expenses

     (287      (291      (383

Amortization of intangibles

     (178      (176      (181

Net gain on divestitures

     186        9        6,822  

Loss on deconsolidation of Venezuela

                   (778

Acquisition-related costs

            (1      (8
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating income

     3,506        2,569        8,897  

Interest and other expense, net

     (382      (1,115      (1,013
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Earnings before income taxes

   $ 3,124      $ 1,454      $ 7,884  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Latin America

 

                                                                           
     For the Years Ended
December 31,
               
     2017      2016      $ change      % change  
     (in millions)         

Net revenues

   $ 3,566      $ 3,392      $ 174        5.1%  

Segment operating income

     565        271        294        108.5%  
     For the Years Ended
December 31,
               
     2016      2015      $ change      % change  
     (in millions)         

Net revenues

   $ 3,392      $ 4,988      $ (1,596)        (32.0)%  

Segment operating income

     271        485        (214)        (44.1)%  

2017 compared with 2016:

Net revenues increased $174 million (5.1%), due to higher net pricing (7.7 pp) and favorable currency (1.9 pp), partially offset by unfavorable volume/mix (4.2 pp) and the impact of a divestiture (0.3 pp). Higher net pricing was reflected across all categories driven primarily by Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. Favorable currency impacts were due primarily to the strength of several currencies in the region relative to the U.S. dollar, primarily the Brazilian real, partially offset by the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to the Argentinean peso and Mexican peso. Unfavorable volume/mix, which occurred across most of the region, was largely due to the impact of pricing-related elasticity. In addition, only a portion of the shipments delayed at the end of the second quarter due to the malware incident was recovered. Unfavorable volume/mix was driven by declines in all categories except chocolate and candy. On December 1, 2016, we sold a small confectionery business in Costa Rica.

Segment operating income increased $294 million (108.5%), primarily due to higher net pricing, the benefit from the resolution of a Brazilian indirect tax matter of $153 million, lower manufacturing costs, lower costs incurred for the 2014-2018 Restructuring Program, favorable currency and lower advertising and consumer promotion costs. These favorable items were partially offset by higher raw material costs, unfavorable volume/mix and higher other selling, general and administrative expenses (net of prior-year VAT-related settlements).

2016 compared with 2015:

Net revenues decreased $1,596 million (32.0%), due to the deconsolidation of our Venezuelan operations (21.9 pp), unfavorable currency (14.8 pp), unfavorable volume/mix (5.3 pp) and the impact of a divestiture (0.1 pp), partially offset by higher net pricing (10.1 pp). The deconsolidation of our Venezuelan operations resulted in a year-over-year decrease in net revenues of $1,217 million. Unfavorable currency impacts were due primarily to the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to most currencies in the region, including the Argentinean peso and Mexican peso. Unfavorable volume/mix, which primarily occurred in Brazil and Argentina, was largely due to the impact of pricing-related elasticity as well as strategic decisions to exit certain low-margin product lines. Unfavorable volume/mix was driven by declines in all categories except for cheese & grocery. Higher net pricing was reflected across all categories driven primarily by Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.

Segment operating income decreased $214 million (44.1%), primarily due to higher raw material costs, the deconsolidation of our Venezuelan operations, unfavorable volume/mix and unfavorable currency. These unfavorable items were partially offset by higher net pricing, lower other selling, general and administrative expenses (including higher year-over year VAT-related settlements), lower manufacturing costs, lower advertising and consumer promotion costs, lower costs incurred for the 2014-2018 Restructuring Program and the absence of remeasurement losses in 2016 related to our net monetary assets in Venezuela.

 

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AMEA

 

                                                                           
     For the Years Ended
December 31,
               
     2017      2016      $ change      % change  
     (in millions)         

Net revenues

   $ 5,739      $ 5,816      $ (77)        (1.3)%  

Segment operating income

     516        506        10        2.0%  
     For the Years Ended
December 31,
               
     2016      2015      $ change      % change  
     (in millions)         

Net revenues

   $ 5,816      $ 6,002      $ (186)        (3.1)%  

Segment operating income

     506        389        117        30.1%  

2017 compared with 2016:

Net revenues decreased $77 million (1.3%), due to the impact of divestitures (2.2 pp), unfavorable currency (1.8 pp) and unfavorable volume/mix (0.2 pp), partially offset by higher net pricing (2.9 pp). The impact of divestitures, primarily related to the grocery & cheese business in Australia and New Zealand that was divested on July 4, 2017, resulted in a year-over-year decline in net revenues of $128 million for 2017. Unfavorable currency impacts were due primarily to the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to several currencies in the region, including the Egyptian pound, Nigerian naira, Philippine peso, Chinese yuan and Japanese yen, partially offset by the strength of several other currencies in the region relative to the U.S. dollar, including the Australian dollar, Indian rupee and South African rand. Unfavorable volume/mix was driven by declines in refreshment beverages, cheese & grocery, gum and candy, partially offset by gains in chocolate and biscuits. In addition, only a portion of the shipments delayed at the end of the second quarter due to the malware incident was recovered. Higher net pricing was reflected across all categories except cheese & grocery.

Segment operating income increased $10 million (2.0%), primarily due to higher net pricing, lower other selling, general and administrative expenses (including a property insurance recovery), lower manufacturing costs and lower advertising and consumer promotion costs. These favorable items were mostly offset by higher raw material costs, unfavorable currency, unfavorable volume/mix, higher costs incurred for the 2014-2018 Restructuring Program, the impact of divestitures and higher intangible asset impairment charges.

2016 compared with 2015:

Net revenues decreased $186 million (3.1%), due to unfavorable currency (3.9 pp), the adjustment for deconsolidating our historical coffee business (1.1 pp) and unfavorable volume/mix (1.0 pp), partially offset by higher net pricing (1.7 pp) and the impact of an acquisition (1.2 pp). Unfavorable currency impacts were due primarily to the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to most currencies in the region, including the Chinese yuan, Indian rupee, South African rand, Egyptian pound, Nigerian naira, Philippine peso and Australian dollar, partially offset by the strength of the Japanese yen relative to the U.S. dollar. The adjustment for deconsolidating our historical coffee business resulted in a year-over-year decrease in net revenues of $66 million. Unfavorable volume/mix, including the unfavorable impact of strategic decisions to exit certain low-margin product lines, was driven by declines in candy, refreshment beverages, cheese & grocery and chocolate, partially offset by gains in biscuits and gum. Higher net pricing was driven by chocolate, candy, biscuits and refreshment beverages, partially offset by lower net pricing in gum and cheese & grocery. The acquisition of a biscuit operation in Vietnam in July 2015 added net revenues of $71 million (constant currency basis).

Segment operating income increased $117 million (30.1%), primarily due to lower manufacturing costs, higher net pricing, lower other selling, general and administrative expenses, lower costs incurred for the 2014-2018 Restructuring Program, the absence of costs associated with the coffee business transactions and the impact of the Vietnam acquisition. These favorable items were partially offset by higher raw material costs, the reclassification of equity method investment earnings, unfavorable volume/mix, unfavorable currency, the deconsolidation of our historical coffee business and the impact of divestitures.

 

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Europe

 

                                                                           
     For the Years Ended
December 31,
               
     2017      2016      $ change      % change  
     (in millions)         

Net revenues

   $ 9,794      $ 9,755      $ 39        0.4%  

Segment operating income

     1,680        1,267        413        32.6%  
     For the Years Ended
December 31,
               
     2016      2015      $ change      % change  
     (in millions)         

Net revenues

   $ 9,755      $ 11,672      $ (1,917)        (16.4)%  

Segment operating income

     1,267        1,350        (83)        (6.1)%  

2017 compared with 2016:

Net revenues increased $39 million (0.4%), due to favorable volume/mix (1.4 pp), favorable currency (1.0 pp), and the impact of an acquisition (0.6 pp), partially offset by the impact of divestitures (2.5 pp) and lower net pricing (0.1 pp). Favorable volume/mix was driven by chocolate and biscuits, partially offset by declines in gum, cheese & grocery, candy and refreshment beverages. In addition, a portion of the shipments delayed at the end of the second quarter due to the malware incident was not recovered. Favorable currency impacts reflected the strength of several other currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, primarily the euro and Russian ruble, partially offset by the strength of the U.S. dollar against several currencies in the region, including the British pound sterling and Turkish lira. The November 2016 acquisition of a business and license to manufacture, market and sell Cadbury-branded biscuits added net revenues of $59 million (constant currency basis). The impact of divestitures, primarily due to the sale of a confectionery business in France, resulted in a year-over-year decline in net revenues of $234 million for 2017. Lower net pricing was driven by biscuits, mostly offset by higher net pricing in all other categories.

Segment operating income increased $413 million (32.6%), primarily due to lower manufacturing costs, lower costs incurred for the 2014-2018 Restructuring Program, lower other selling, general and administrative expenses, lower divestiture-related costs, lower advertising and consumer promotion costs, the benefit from the settlement of a Cadbury tax matter, favorable volume/mix, lower intangible asset impairment charges, favorable currency and the impact of an acquisition. These favorable items were partially offset by higher raw material costs, the impact of divestitures, incremental costs incurred due to the malware incident, lower net pricing and a prior-year gain on the sale of an intangible asset.

2016 compared with 2015:

Net revenues decreased $1,917 million (16.4%), due to the adjustment for deconsolidating our historical coffee business (12.9 pp), unfavorable currency (4.4 pp), lower net pricing (0.4 pp) and the impact of divestitures (0.2 pp), partially offset by favorable volume/mix (1.3 pp) and the impact of an acquisition (0.2 pp). The adjustment for deconsolidating our historical coffee business resulted in a year-over-year decrease in net revenues of $1,561 million. Unfavorable currency impacts reflected the strength of the U.S. dollar against most currencies in the region, primarily the British pound sterling. Lower net pricing was reflected across most categories except candy and gum. Favorable volume/mix, including the unfavorable impact of strategic decisions to exit certain low-margin product lines, was driven by biscuits, chocolate and cheese & grocery, partially offset by declines in gum, candy and refreshment beverages. The purchase of the license to manufacture, market and sell Cadbury-branded biscuits in November 2016 added net revenues of $16 million (constant currency basis).

Segment operating income decreased $83 million (6.1%), primarily due to the deconsolidation of our historical coffee business, unfavorable currency, higher raw material costs, divestiture-related costs, higher costs incurred for the 2014-2018 Restructuring Program, lower net pricing, higher intangible asset impairment charges and the impact of divestitures. These unfavorable items were partially offset by the absence of costs associated with the JDE coffee business transactions, lower manufacturing costs, lower other selling, general and administrative expenses, favorable volume/mix and a gain on the sale of an intangible asset.

 

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North America

 

                                                                           
     For the Years Ended                
     December 31,                
     2017      2016      $ change      % change  
     (in millions)         

Net revenues

   $ 6,797      $ 6,960      $ (163      (2.3)%  

Segment operating income

     1,120        1,078        42        3.9 %  
     For the Years Ended                
     December 31,                
     2016      2015      $ change      % change  
     (in millions)         

Net revenues

   $ 6,960      $ 6,974      $ (14      (0.2)%  

Segment operating income

     1,078        1,105        (27      (2.4)%  

2017 compared with 2016:

Net revenues decreased $163 million (2.3%), due to unfavorable volume/mix (1.8 pp), lower net pricing (0.6 pp) and the impact of divestitures (0.1 pp), partially offset by favorable currency (0.2 pp). Unfavorable volume/mix, primarily caused by shipments delayed at the end of the second quarter due to the malware incident that were not recovered, was driven by declines in gum, biscuits and candy, partially offset by a gain in chocolate. Lower net pricing was reflected in biscuits and chocolate, partially offset by higher net pricing in candy and gum. Favorable currency impact was due to the strength of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar.

Segment operating income increased $42 million (3.9%), primarily due to lower costs incurred for the 2014-2018 Restructuring Program, lower other selling, general and administrative expenses (net of the prior-year’s gain on sale of property), lower manufacturing costs, lower advertising and consumer promotion costs and lower raw material costs. These favorable items were partially offset by unfavorable volume/mix, incremental costs incurred due to the malware incident, lower net pricing, the impact of divestitures and prior-year gain on the sale of an intangible asset.

2016 compared with 2015:

Net revenues decreased $14 million (0.2%), due to the impact of an accounting calendar change made in the prior year (1.1 pp), unfavorable currency (0.3 pp) and lower net pricing (0.2 pp), mostly offset by favorable volume/mix (1.4 pp). The prior-year change in North America’s accounting calendar resulted in a year-over-year decrease in net revenues of $76 million. Unfavorable currency impact was due to the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar. Lower net pricing was reflected in biscuits and candy, partially offset by higher net pricing in chocolate and gum. Favorable volume/ mix, including the unfavorable impact of strategic decisions to exit certain low-margin product lines, was driven by gains in biscuits and candy, partially offset by declines in gum and chocolate.

Segment operating income decreased $27 million (2.4%), primarily due to higher costs incurred for the 2014-2018 Restructuring Program, higher advertising and consumer promotion costs, intangible asset impairment charges, the year-over-year impact of the prior-year accounting calendar change, higher raw material costs and lower net pricing. These unfavorable items were mostly offset by lower other selling, general and administrative expenses (including the gain on sale of property), lower manufacturing costs, favorable volume/mix and the gain on the sale of an intangible asset.

 

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Critical Accounting Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements includes a summary of the significant accounting policies we used to prepare our consolidated financial statements. We have discussed the selection and disclosure of our critical accounting policies and estimates with our Audit Committee. The following is a review of our most significant assumptions and estimates.

Goodwill and Non-Amortizable Intangible Assets:

We have historically annually tested goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets for impairment as of October 1. This year, we voluntarily changed the annual impairment assessment date from October 1 to July 1. We believe this measurement date, which represents a change in the method of applying an accounting principle, is preferable because it better aligns with our strategic business planning process and financial forecasts which are key components of the annual impairment tests. The change in the measurement date did not delay, accelerate or prevent an impairment charge. Each quarter, we have evaluated goodwill and intangible asset impairment risks and recognized any related impairments to date. As such, the change in the annual test date was applied on July 1, 2017.

We assess goodwill impairment risk throughout the year by performing a qualitative review of entity-specific, industry, market and general economic factors affecting our goodwill reporting units. We review our operating segment and reporting unit structure for goodwill testing annually or as significant changes in the organization occur. Annually, we may perform qualitative testing, or depending on factors such as prior-year test results, current year developments, current risk evaluations and other practical considerations, we may elect to do quantitative testing instead. In our quantitative testing, we compare a reporting unit’s estimated fair value with its carrying value. We estimate a reporting unit’s fair value using a discounted cash flow method which incorporates planned growth rates, market-based discount rates and estimates of residual value. This year, for our Europe and North America reporting units, we used a market-based, weighted-average cost of capital of 7.2% to discount the projected cash flows of those operations. For our Latin America and AMEA reporting units, we used a risk-rated discount rate of 10.2%. Estimating the fair value of individual reporting units requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding our future plans and industry and economic conditions, and our actual results and conditions may differ over time. If the carrying value of a reporting unit’s net assets exceeds its fair value, we would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit fair value.

In 2017, 2016 and 2015, there were no impairments of goodwill. In connection with our 2017 annual impairment testing, each of our reporting units had sufficient fair value in excess of carrying value. While all reporting units passed our annual impairment testing, if we do not meet business performance expectations or specific valuation factors outside of our control, such as discount rates, change significantly, then the estimated fair values of a reporting unit or reporting units might decline and lead to a goodwill impairment in the future.

Annually, we assess non-amortizable intangible assets for impairment by performing a qualitative review and assessing events and circumstances that could affect the fair value or carrying value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets. If significant potential impairment risk exists for a specific asset, we quantitatively test it for impairment by comparing its estimated fair value with its carrying value. We determine estimated fair value using planned growth rates, market-based discount rates and estimates of royalty rates. If the carrying value of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value, the asset is impaired and its carrying value is reduced to the estimated fair value.

 

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During our 2017 annual testing of non-amortizable intangible assets, we recorded $70 million of impairment charges in the third quarter of 2017 related to five trademarks. The impairments arose due to lower than expected product growth in part driven by decisions to redirect support from these trademarks to other regional and global brands. We recorded charges related to candy and gum trademarks of $52 million in AMEA, $11 million in Europe, $5 million in Latin America and $2 million in North America. The impairment charges were calculated as the excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value of the intangible assets on a global basis and were recorded within asset impairment and exit costs. We primarily use a relief of royalty valuation method, which utilizes estimates of future sales, growth rates, royalty rates and discount rates in determining a brand’s global fair value. We also noted thirteen brands, including the five impaired trademarks, with $963 million of aggregate book value as of December 31, 2017 that each had a fair value in excess of book value of 10% or less. We believe our current plans for each of these brands will allow them to continue to not be impaired, but if we do not meet the product line expectations or specific valuation factors outside of our control, such as discount rates, change significantly, then a brand or brands could become impaired in the future. In 2016, we recorded charges related to biscuits, candy and gum trademarks of $41 million in AMEA, $32 million in North America, $22 million in Europe, and $3 million in Latin America. In 2015, we recorded a $44 million charge related to candy and biscuit trademarks in AMEA, $22 million in Europe and $5 million in Latin America.

Refer to Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for additional information.

Trade and marketing programs:

We promote our products with trade and sales incentives as well as marketing and advertising programs. These programs include, but are not limited to, new product introduction fees, discounts, coupons, rebates and volume-based incentives as well as cooperative advertising, in-store displays and consumer marketing promotions. Trade and sales incentives are recorded as a reduction to revenues based on amounts estimated due to customers and consumers at the end of a period. We base these estimates principally on historical utilization and redemption rates. For interim reporting purposes, advertising and consumer promotion expenses are charged to operations as a percentage of volume, based on estimated sales volume and estimated program spending. We do not defer costs on our year-end consolidated balance sheet and all marketing and advertising costs are recorded as an expense in the year incurred.

Employee Benefit Plans:

We sponsor various employee benefit plans throughout the world. These include primarily pension plans and postretirement healthcare benefits. For accounting purposes, we estimate the pension and postretirement healthcare benefit obligations utilizing assumptions and estimates for discount rates; expected returns on plan assets; expected compensation increases; employee-related factors such as turnover, retirement age and mortality; and health care cost trends. We review our actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and make modifications to the assumptions based on current rates and trends when appropriate. Our assumptions also reflect our historical experiences and management’s best judgment regarding future expectations. These and other assumptions affect the annual expense and obligations recognized for the underlying plans.

As permitted by U.S. GAAP, we generally amortize the effect of changes in the assumptions over future periods. The cost or benefit of plan changes, such as increasing or decreasing benefits for prior employee service (prior service cost), is deferred and included in expense on a straight-line basis over the average remaining service period of the employees expected to receive benefits.

Since pension and postretirement liabilities are measured on a discounted basis, the discount rate significantly affects our plan obligations and expenses. The expected return on plan assets assumption affects our pension plan expenses, as many of our pension plans are partially funded. The assumptions for discount rates and expected rates of return and our process for setting these assumptions are described in Note 9, Benefit Plans, to the consolidated financial statements.

 

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While we do not anticipate further changes in the 2018 assumptions for our U.S. and non-U.S. pension and postretirement health care plans, as a sensitivity measure, a fifty-basis point change in our discount rates or the expected rate of return on plan assets would have the following effects, increase/(decrease), on our annual benefit plan costs:

 

                                                                           
     As of December 31, 2017  
     U.S. Plans      Non-U.S. Plans  
   Fifty-Basis-Point      Fifty-Basis-Point  
     Increase      Decrease      Increase      Decrease  
     (in millions)  

Effect of change in discount rate on
pension costs

   $ (16    $ 17      $ (67    $ 76  

Effect of change in expected rate of return on
plan assets on pension costs

     (8      8        (43      43  

Effect of change in discount rate on
postretirement health care costs

     (3      4        (1      1  

Income Taxes:

As a global company, we calculate and provide for income taxes in each tax jurisdiction in which we operate. The provision for income taxes includes the amounts payable or refundable for the current year, the effect of deferred taxes and impacts from uncertain tax positions. Our provision for income taxes is significantly affected by shifts in the geographic mix of our pre-tax earnings across tax jurisdictions, changes in tax laws and regulations, tax planning opportunities available in each tax jurisdiction and the ultimate outcome of various tax audits.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of our assets and liabilities and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates that will apply to taxable income in the years in which those differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Valuation allowances are established for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.

We believe our tax positions comply with applicable tax laws and that we have properly accounted for uncertain tax positions. We recognize tax benefits in our financial statements from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The amount we recognize is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon resolution. We evaluate uncertain tax positions on an ongoing basis and adjust the amount recognized in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of a tax audit or expiration of a statute of limitations. We believe the estimates and assumptions used to support our evaluation of uncertain tax positions are reasonable. However, final determination of historical tax liabilities, whether by settlement with tax authorities, judicial or administrative ruling or due to expiration of statutes of limitations, could be materially different from estimates reflected on our consolidated balance sheet and historical income tax provisions. The outcome of these final determinations could have a material effect on our provision for income taxes, net earnings or cash flows in the period in which the determination is made.

As a result of the U.S. tax reform and the related SEC guidance, we included provisional estimates in our consolidated financial statements for some impacts of the new tax legislation. We were unable to make a reasonable estimate for other provisions of the legislation and did not include an estimate in our consolidated financial statements. See Note 14, Income Taxes, for further discussion of the provisional amounts related to U.S. tax reform included in our financial statements and a discussion of the items for which no estimate could be made, as well as additional information on our effective tax rate, current and deferred taxes, valuation allowances and unrecognized tax benefits.

Contingencies:

See Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies, to the consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Guidance:

See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of new accounting standards.

 

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We believe that cash from operations, our revolving credit facilities and our authorized long-term financing will provide sufficient liquidity for our working capital needs, planned capital expenditures, future contractual obligations, share repurchases, transition tax liability on our historical accumulated foreign earnings due to the U.S. tax reform and payment of our anticipated quarterly dividends. We continue to utilize our commercial paper program, international credit lines and long-term debt issuances for regular funding requirements. We also use intercompany loans with our international subsidiaries to improve financial flexibility. Overall, we do not expect any negative effects to our funding sources that would have a material effect on our liquidity.

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:

Operating activities provided net cash of $2,593 million in 2017, $2,838 million in 2016 and $3,728 million in 2015. Cash flows from operating activities were lower in 2017 than 2016 primarily due to increases in working capital including higher tax and VAT-related payments in 2017 and lower operating cash flows from divested businesses, partially offset by higher net earnings and lower pension contributions in 2017. Cash flows from operating activities were lower in 2016 than 2015 due to higher contributions to our pension benefit plans in 2016 and higher working capital cash improvements in 2015 than in 2016.

Net Cash Provided by/(Used in) Investing Activities:

Net cash used in investing activities was $301 million in 2017 and $1,029 million in 2016 and net cash provided by investing activities was $2,649 million in 2015. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities in 2017 relative to 2016 was due to higher net proceeds received from divestitures in 2017, no acquisition-related payments in 2017 as in 2016, and lower capital expenditures in 2017. The increase in net cash used in investing activities in 2016 relative to 2015 primarily relates to $4.7 billion of proceeds, net of divested cash and transaction costs, from the contribution of our global coffee businesses to JDE, the divestiture of AGF and the cash receipt of $1.0 billion due to the settlement of currency exchange forward contracts related to our coffee business transactions in 2015.

Capital expenditures were $1,014 million in 2017, $1,224 million in 2016 and $1,514 million in 2015. We continue to make capital expenditures primarily to modernize manufacturing facilities and support new product and productivity initiatives. We expect 2018 capital expenditures to be up to $1.0 billion, including capital expenditures in connection with our 2014-2018 Restructuring Program. We expect to continue to fund these expenditures from operations.

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities:

Net cash used in financing activities was $3,361 million in 2017, $1,862 million in 2016 and $5,883 million in 2015. The increase in net cash used in financing activities in 2017 relative to 2016 was primarily due to lower net issuances of short-term and long-term debt as well as an increase in dividends paid, partly offset by lower Common Stock repurchases compared to the prior year. The decrease in net cash used in financing activities in 2016 relative to 2015 was primarily due to higher short-term debt issuances and $1.0 billion of lower share repurchases following the exceptional year of share repurchases using proceeds from the global coffee business transactions in 2015.

Debt:

From time to time we refinance long-term and short-term debt. Refer to Note 7, Debt and Borrowing Arrangements, for details of our tender offers, debt issuances and maturities during 2016-2017. The nature and amount of our long-term and short-term debt and the proportionate amount of each varies as a result of current and expected business requirements, market conditions and other factors. Due to seasonality, in the first and second quarters of the year, our working capital requirements grow, increasing the need for short-term financing. The second half of the year typically generates higher cash flows. As such, we may issue commercial paper or secure other forms of financing throughout the year to meet short-term working capital needs.

During 2016, one of our subsidiaries, Mondelez International Holdings Netherlands B.V. (“MIHN”), issued debt totaling $4.5 billion. The operations held by MIHN generated approximately 74.5% (or $19.3 billion) of the $25.9 billion of consolidated net revenue during fiscal year 2017 and represented approximately 75.5% (or $19.8 billion) of the $26.2 billion of net assets as of December 31, 2017.

On February 3, 2017, our Board of Directors approved a new $5 billion long-term financing authority to replace the prior authority. As of December 31, 2017, we had $4.7 billion of long-term financing authority remaining.

 

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In the next 12 months, we expect $1.2 billion of long-term debt will mature as follows: fr.250 million Swiss franc notes ($257 million as of December 31, 2017) in January 2018, $478 million in February 2018, £76 million sterling notes ($103 million as of December 31, 2017) in July 2018, and $322 million in August 2018. We expect to fund these repayments with a combination of cash from operations and the issuance of commercial paper or long-term debt.

Our total debt was $17.7 billion at December 31, 2017 and $17.2 billion at December 31, 2016. Our debt-to-capitalization ratio was 0.40 at December 31, 2017 and 0.41 at December 31, 2016. At December 31, 2017, the weighted-average term of our outstanding long-term debt was 6.2 years. Our average daily commercial borrowings were $4.4 billion in 2017, $2.2 billion in 2016 and $2.2 billion in 2015. We had $3.4 billion of commercial paper borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2017 and $2.4 billion outstanding as of December 31, 2016. We expect to continue to use commercial paper to finance various short and long-term financing needs and to continue to comply with our long-term debt covenants. Refer to Note 7, Debt and Borrowing Arrangements, for more information on our debt and debt covenants.

Commodity Trends

We regularly monitor worldwide supply, commodity cost and currency trends so we can cost-effectively secure ingredients, packaging and fuel required for production. During 2017, the primary drivers of the increase in our aggregate commodity costs were higher currency-related costs on our commodity purchases and increased costs for dairy, cocoa, sugar, packaging and other raw materials.

A number of external factors such as weather conditions, commodity market conditions, currency fluctuations and the effects of governmental agricultural or other programs affect the cost and availability of raw materials and agricultural materials used in our products. We address higher commodity costs and currency impacts primarily through hedging, higher pricing and manufacturing and overhead cost control. We use hedging techniques to limit the impact of fluctuations in the cost of our principal raw materials; however, we may not be able to fully hedge against commodity cost changes, such as dairy, where there is a limited ability to hedge, and our hedging strategies may not protect us from increases in specific raw material costs. Due to competitive or market conditions, planned trade or promotional incentives, fluctuations in currency exchange rates or other factors, our pricing actions may also lag commodity cost changes temporarily.

We expect price volatility and a slightly higher aggregate cost environment to continue in 2018. While the costs of our principal raw materials fluctuate, we believe there will continue to be an adequate supply of the raw materials we use and that they will generally remain available from numerous sources.

 

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations

We have no significant off-balance sheet arrangements other than the contractual obligations discussed below.

Guarantees:

As discussed in Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies, we enter into third-party guarantees primarily to cover the long-term obligations of our vendors. As part of these transactions, we guarantee that third parties will make contractual payments or achieve performance measures. At December 31, 2017, we had no material third-party guarantees recorded on our consolidated balance sheet.

Guarantees do not have, and we do not expect them to have, a material effect on our liquidity.

Aggregate Contractual Obligations:

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at December 31, 2017.

 

                                                                                              
     Payments Due  
     Total      2018      2019-20      2021-22      2023 and
Thereafter
 
     (in millions)  

Debt (1)

   $ 14,196      $ 1,162      $ 3,545      $ 4,127      $ 5,362  

Interest expense (2)

     3,330        348        556        431        1,995  

Capital leases

     3        1        2                

Operating leases (3)

     920        245        352        169        154  

Purchase obligations: (4)

              

Inventory and production costs

     5,328        3,083        1,645        256        344  

Other

     831        694        130        6        1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     6,159        3,777        1,775        262        345  

U.S. tax reform transition liability (5)

     1,317        128        200        200        789  

Other long-term liabilities (6)

     423        21        135        65        202  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 26,348      $ 5,682      $ 6,565      $ 5,254      $ 8,847  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

  (1) Amounts include the expected cash payments of our debt excluding capital leases, which are presented separately in the table above. The amounts also exclude $64 million of net unamortized non-cash bond premiums, discounts, bank fees and mark-to-market adjustments related to our interest rate swaps recorded in total debt.
  (2) Amounts represent the expected cash payments of our interest expense on our long-term debt. Interest calculated on our euro, British pound sterling and Swiss franc notes was forecasted using currency exchange rates as of December 31, 2017. An insignificant amount of interest expense was excluded from the table for a portion of our other non-U.S. debt obligations due to the complexities involved in forecasting expected interest payments.
  (3) Operating lease payments represent the minimum rental commitments under non-cancelable operating leases.
  (4) Purchase obligations for inventory and production costs (such as raw materials, indirect materials and supplies, packaging, co-manufacturing arrangements, storage and distribution) are commitments for projected needs to be utilized in the normal course of business. Other purchase obligations include commitments for marketing, advertising, capital expenditures, information technology and professional services. Arrangements are considered purchase obligations if a contract specifies all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, a pricing structure and approximate timing of the transaction. Most arrangements are cancelable without a significant penalty and with short notice (usually 30 days). Any amounts reflected on the consolidated balance sheet as accounts payable and accrued liabilities are excluded from the table above.
  (5) In connection with the U.S. tax reform, we currently estimate paying a $1.3 billion transition tax liability through 2026. The amounts and timing of our tax payments are likely to change as a result of additional guidance expected to be issued in 2018. See Note 14, Income Taxes, for additional information on the U.S. tax reform and its impact on our financial statements.
  (6) Other long-term liabilities include estimated future benefit payments for our postretirement health care plans through December 31, 2027 of $235 million. We are unable to reliably estimate the timing of the payments beyond 2027; as such, they are excluded from the above table. There are also another $126 million of various other long-term liabilities that are expected to be paid over the next 5 years. In addition, the following long-term liabilities included on the consolidated balance sheet are excluded from the table above: accrued pension costs, unrecognized tax benefits, insurance accruals and other accruals. As of December 31, 2017, our unrecognized tax benefit, including associated interest and penalties, classified as a long-term payable is $649 million. We currently expect to make approximately $289 million in contributions to our pension plans in 2018.

 

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Equity and Dividends

Stock Plans:

See Note 10, Stock Plans, to the consolidated financial statements for more information on our stock plans and grant activity during 2015-2017.

Share Repurchases:

See Note 11, Capital Stock, to the consolidated financial statements for more information on our share repurchase program.

Between 2013 and 2017, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of a total of $13.7 billion of our Common Stock through December 31, 2018. On January 31, 2018, our Finance Committee, with authorization delegated from our Board of Directors, approved an increase of $6.0 billion in the share repurchase program, raising the authorization to $19.7 billion of Common Stock repurchases, and extended the program through December 31, 2020. We repurchased approximately $13 billion of shares ($2.2 billion in 2017, $2.6 billion in 2016, $3.6 billion in 2015, $1.9 billion in 2014 and $2.7 billion in 2013), at a weighted-average cost of $38.86 per share, through December 31, 2017. The number of shares that we ultimately repurchase under our share repurchase program may vary depending on numerous factors, including share price and other market conditions, our ongoing capital allocation planning, levels of cash and debt balances, other demands for cash, such as acquisition activity, general economic or business conditions and board and management discretion. Additionally, our share repurchase activity during any particular period may fluctuate. We may accelerate, suspend, delay or discontinue our share repurchase program at any time, without notice.

Dividends:

We paid dividends of $1,198 million in 2017, $1,094 million in 2016 and $1,008 million in 2015. On August 2, 2017, the Finance Committee, with authorization delegated from our Board of Directors, approved a 16% increase in the quarterly dividend to $0.22 per common share or $0.88 per common share on an annualized basis. On July 19, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a 12% increase in the quarterly dividend to $0.19 per common share or $0.76 per common share on an annual basis. On July 23, 2015, our Board of Directors approved a 13% increase in the quarterly dividend to $0.17 per common share or $0.68 per common share on an annual basis. The declaration of dividends is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and depends on various factors, including our net earnings, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors that our Board of Directors deems relevant to its analysis and decision making.

For U.S. income tax purposes only, the Company has determined that 100% of the distributions paid to its shareholders in 2017 are characterized as a qualified dividend paid from U.S. earnings and profits. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors for a full understanding of the tax consequences of the receipt of dividends.

 

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We use non-GAAP financial information and believe it is useful to investors as it provides additional information to facilitate comparisons of historical operating results, identify trends in our underlying operating results and provide additional insight and transparency on how we evaluate our business. We use non-GAAP financial measures to budget, make operating and strategic decisions and evaluate our performance. We have detailed the non-GAAP adjustments that we make in our non-GAAP definitions below. The adjustments generally fall within the following categories: acquisition & divestiture activities, gains and losses on intangible asset sales and non-cash impairments, major program restructuring activities, constant currency and related adjustments, major program financing and hedging activities and other major items affecting comparability of operating results. We believe the non-GAAP measures should always be considered along with the related U.S. GAAP financial measures. We have provided the reconciliations between the GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures below, and we also discuss our underlying GAAP results throughout our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this Form 10-K.

Our primary non-GAAP financial measures are listed below and reflect how we evaluate our current and prior-year operating results. As new events or circumstances arise, these definitions could change. When our definitions change, we provide the updated definitions and present the related non-GAAP historical results on a comparable basis (1).

 

    “Organic Net Revenue” is defined as net revenues excluding the impacts of acquisitions, divestitures (2), our historical global coffee business (3), our historical Venezuelan operations, accounting calendar changes and currency rate fluctuations (4). We also evaluate Organic Net Revenue growth from emerging markets and our Power Brands.
    Our emerging markets include our Latin America region in its entirety; the AMEA region, excluding Australia, New Zealand and Japan; and the following countries from the Europe region: Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Georgia, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, the Baltics and the East Adriatic countries. (Our developed markets include the entire North America region, the Europe region excluding the countries included in the emerging markets definition, and Australia, New Zealand and Japan from the AMEA region.)
    Our Power Brands include some of our largest global and regional brands such as Oreo, Chips Ahoy!, Ritz, TUC/Club Social and belVita biscuits; Cadbury Dairy Milk, Milka and Lacta chocolate; Trident gum; Halls candy and Tang powdered beverages.

 

    “Adjusted Operating Income” is defined as operating income excluding the impacts of the 2012-2014 Restructuring Program (5); the 2014-2018 Restructuring Program (5); Venezuela remeasurement and deconsolidation losses and historical operating results; gains or losses (including non-cash impairment charges) on goodwill and intangible assets; divestiture (2) or acquisition gains or losses and related integration and acquisition costs; the JDE coffee business transactions (3) gain and net incremental costs; the operating results of divestitures (2); our historical global coffee business operating results (3); mark-to-market impacts from commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivative contracts (6); equity method investment earnings historically reported within operating income (7); benefits from resolution of tax matters (8) ; CEO transition remuneration (9) and incremental expenses related to the malware incident. We also present “Adjusted Operating Income margin,” which is subject to the same adjustments as Adjusted Operating Income. We also evaluate growth in our Adjusted Operating Income on a constant currency basis (4).

 

    “Adjusted EPS” is defined as diluted EPS attributable to Mondelēz International from continuing operations excluding the impacts of the 2012-2014 Restructuring Program (5); the 2014-2018 Restructuring Program (5); Venezuela remeasurement and deconsolidation losses and historical operating results; losses on debt extinguishment and related expenses; gains or losses (including non-cash impairment charges) on goodwill and intangible assets; divestiture (2) or acquisition gains or losses and related integration and acquisition costs; the JDE coffee business transactions (3) gain, transaction hedging gains or losses and net incremental costs; gain on equity method investment transactions; net earnings from divestitures (2); mark-to-market impacts from commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivative contracts (6); gains or losses on interest rate swaps no longer designated as accounting cash flow hedges due to changed financing and hedging plans; benefits from resolution of tax matters (8); CEO transition remuneration (9); incremental expenses related to the malware incident and the U.S. tax reform discrete impacts (10). Similarly, within Adjusted EPS, our equity method investment net earnings exclude our proportionate share of our investees’ unusual or infrequent items (11). We also evaluate growth in our Adjusted EPS on a constant currency basis (4).

 

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  (1) When items no longer impact our current or future presentation of non-GAAP operating results, we remove these items from our non-GAAP definitions. During 2017, we added to the non-GAAP definitions the exclusion of: benefits from the resolution of tax matters (see footnote (8) below), CEO transition remuneration (see footnote (9) below), incremental expenses related to the malware incident (discussed under Malware Incident) and the U.S. tax reform discrete impacts (see footnote (10) below).
  (2) Divestitures include completed sales of businesses and exits of major product lines upon completion of a sale or licensing agreement.
  (3) We continue to have an ongoing interest in the legacy coffee business we deconsolidated in 2015 as part of the JDE coffee business transactions. For historical periods prior to the July 15, 2015 coffee business deconsolidation, we have reclassified any net revenue or operating income from the historical coffee business and included them where the coffee equity method investment earnings are presented within Adjusted EPS. As such, Organic Net Revenue and Adjusted Operating Income in all periods do not include the results of our legacy coffee businesses, which are shown within Adjusted EPS.
  (4) Constant currency operating results are calculated by dividing or multiplying, as appropriate, the current-period local currency operating results by the currency exchange rates used to translate the financial statements in the comparable prior-year period to determine what the current-period U.S. dollar operating results would have been if the currency exchange rate had not changed from the comparable prior-year period.
  (5) Non-GAAP adjustments related to the 2014-2018 Restructuring Program reflect costs incurred that relate to the objectives of our program to transform our supply chain network and organizational structure. Costs that do not meet the program objectives are not reflected in the non-GAAP adjustments. Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for more information on the 2012-2014 Restructuring Program.
  (6) During the third quarter of 2016, we began to exclude unrealized gains and losses (mark-to-market impacts) from outstanding commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivatives from our non-GAAP earnings measures until such time that the related exposures impact our operating results. Since we purchase commodity and forecasted currency transaction contracts to mitigate price volatility primarily for inventory requirements in future periods, we made this adjustment to remove the volatility of these future inventory purchases on current operating results to facilitate comparisons of our underlying operating performance across periods. We also discontinued designating commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivatives for hedge accounting treatment. To facilitate comparisons of our underlying operating results, we have recast all historical non-GAAP earnings measures to exclude the mark-to-market impacts.
  (7) Historically, we have recorded income from equity method investments within our operating income as these investments operated as extensions of our base business. Beginning in the third quarter of 2015, we began to record the earnings from our equity method investments in after-tax equity method investment earnings outside of operating income following the deconsolidation of our coffee business. Refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for more information.
  (8) During 2017, we recorded benefits from the reversal of tax liabilities in connection with the resolution of a Brazilian indirect tax matter and settlement of pre-acquisition Cadbury tax matters. See Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies—Tax Matters, for additional information.
  (9) On November 20, 2017, Dirk Van de Put succeeded Irene Rosenfeld as CEO of Mondelēz International in advance of her retirement at the end of March 2018. In order to incent Mr. Van de Put to join us, we provided him compensation with a total combined target value of $42.5 million to make him whole for incentive awards he forfeited or grants that were not made to him when he left his former employer. The compensation we granted took the form of cash, deferred stock units, performance share units and stock options. In connection with Irene Rosenfeld’s retirement, we made her outstanding grants of performance share units for the 2016-2018 and 2017-2019 performance cycles eligible for continued vesting and approved a $0.5 million salary for her service as Chairman from January through March 2018. We refer to these elements of Mr. Van de Put’s and Ms. Rosenfeld’s compensation arrangements together as “CEO transition remuneration.” We are excluding amounts we expense as CEO transition remuneration from our 2017 and future non-GAAP results because those amounts are not part of our regular compensation program and are incremental to amounts we would have incurred as ongoing CEO compensation. As a result, in 2017, we excluded amounts expensed for the cash payment to Mr. Van de Put and partial vesting of his equity grants. In 2018, we expect to exclude amounts paid for Ms. Rosenfeld’s service as Chairman and partial vesting of Mr. Van de Put’s and Ms. Rosenfeld’s equity grants.
  (10) On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted tax reform legislation that included a broad range of business tax provisions. As further detailed in Note 14, Income Taxes, our accounting for the new legislation is not complete and we have made reasonable estimates for some tax provisions. We exclude the discrete U.S. tax reform impacts from our Adjusted EPS as they do not reflect our ongoing tax obligations under U.S. tax reform.
  (11) We have excluded our proportionate share of our equity method investees’ unusual or infrequent items such as acquisition and divestiture related costs, restructuring program costs and discrete U.S. tax reform impacts, in order to provide investors with a comparable view of our performance across periods. Although we have shareholder rights and board representation commensurate with our ownership interests in our equity method investees and review the underlying operating results and unusual or infrequent items with them each reporting period, we do not have direct control over their operations or resulting revenue and expenses. Our use of equity method investment net earnings on an adjusted basis is not intended to imply that we have any such control. Our GAAP “diluted EPS attributable to Mondelēz International from continuing operations” includes all of the investees’ unusual and infrequent items.

We believe that the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures, when considered together with our U.S. GAAP financial measures and the reconciliations to the corresponding U.S. GAAP financial measures, provides you with a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting our business than could be obtained absent these disclosures. Because non-GAAP financial measures vary among companies, the non-GAAP financial measures presented in this report may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Our use of these non-GAAP financial measures is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any U.S. GAAP financial measure. A limitation of these non-GAAP financial measures is they exclude items detailed below that have an impact on our U.S. GAAP reported results. The best way this limitation can be addressed is by evaluating our non-GAAP financial measures in combination with our U.S. GAAP reported results and carefully evaluating the following tables that reconcile U.S. GAAP reported figures to the non-GAAP financial measures in this Form 10-K.

 

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Organic Net Revenue:

Applying the definition of “Organic Net Revenue”, the adjustments made to “net revenues” (the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure) were to exclude the impact of currency, our historical Venezuelan operations, the adjustment for deconsolidating our historical coffee business, an accounting calendar change, acquisitions and divestitures. We believe that Organic Net Revenue reflects the underlying growth from the ongoing activities of our business and provides improved comparability of results. We also evaluate our Organic Net Revenue growth from emerging markets and Power Brands, and these underlying measures are also reconciled to U.S. GAAP below.

 

                                                                                                                 
     For the Year Ended December 31, 2017      For the Year Ended December 31, 2016  
     Emerging      Developed             Emerging      Developed         
     Markets      Markets      Total      Markets      Markets      Total  
     (in millions)      (in millions)  

Net Revenue

   $ 9,707      $ 16,189      $ 25,896      $ 9,357      $ 16,566      $ 25,923  

Impact of currency

     (19      (58      (77                     

Impact of acquisitions

            (59      (59                     

Impact of divestitures

            (270      (270      (10      (643      (653
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Organic Net Revenue

   $ 9,688      $ 15,802      $ 25,490      $ 9,347      $ 15,923      $ 25,270  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     For the Year Ended December 31, 2017      For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 (3)  
     Power      Non-Power             Power      Non-Power         
     Brands      Brands      Total      Brands      Brands      Total  
     (in millions)      (in millions)  

Net Revenue

   $ 18,913      $ 6,983      $ 25,896      $ 18,372      $ 7,551      $ 25,923  

Impact of currency

     (97      20        (77                     

Impact of acquisitions

     (59             (59                     

Impact of divestitures

            (270      (270             (653      (653
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Organic Net Revenue

   $ 18,757      $ 6,733      $ 25,490      $ 18,372      $ 6,898      $ 25,270  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     For the Year Ended December 31, 2016      For the Year Ended December 31, 2015  
     Emerging      Developed             Emerging      Developed         
     Markets      Markets      Total      Markets      Markets      Total  
     (in millions)      (in millions)  

Net Revenue

   $ 9,357      $ 16,566      $ 25,923      $ 11,570      $ 18,066      $ 29,636  

Impact of currency

     895        338        1,233                       

Historical Venezuelan operations (1)

                          (1,217             (1,217

Historical coffee business (2)

                          (442      (1,185      (1,627

Impact of accounting calendar change

                                 (76      (76

Impact of acquisitions

     (71      (21      (92                     

Impact of divestitures

     (10      (643      (653      (8      (687      (695
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Organic Net Revenue

   $ 10,171      $ 16,240      $ 26,411      $ 9,903      $ 16,118      $ 26,021  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     For the Year Ended December 31, 2016      For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 (3)  
     Power      Non-Power             Power      Non-Power         
     Brands      Brands      Total      Brands      Brands      Total  
     (in millions)      (in millions)  

Net Revenue

   $ 18,372      $ 7,551      $ 25,923      $ 20,612      $ 9,024      $ 29,636  

Impact of currency

     856        377        1,233                       

Historical Venezuelan operations (1)

                          (823      (394      (1,217

Historical coffee business (2)

                          (1,199      (428      (1,627

Impact of accounting calendar change

                          (59      (17      (76

Impact of acquisitions

     (92             (92                     

Impact of divestitures

            (653      (653             (695      (695
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Organic Net Revenue

   $ 19,136      $ 7,275      $ 26,411      $ 18,531      $ 7,490      $ 26,021  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes the historical results of our Venezuelan subsidiaries prior to the December 31, 2015 deconsolidation. Refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting: Venezuela, for more information.
(2) Includes our historical global coffee business prior to the July 2, 2015 JDE coffee business transactions. Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, and our non-GAAP definitions appearing earlier in this section for more information.
(3) Each year we reevaluate our Power Brands and confirm the brands in which we will continue to make disproportionate investments. As such, we may make changes in our planned investments in primarily regional Power Brands following our annual review cycles. For 2017, we made limited changes to our list of regional Power Brands and as such, we reclassified 2016 and 2015 Power Brand net revenues on a basis consistent with the current list of Power Brands.

 

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Adjusted Operating Income:

Applying the definition of “Adjusted Operating Income”, the adjustments made to “operating income” (the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure) were to exclude 2012-2014 Restructuring Program costs; 2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs; impairment charges related to intangible assets; mark-to-market impacts from commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivative contracts; incremental expenses related to the malware incident; acquisition integration costs; acquisition-related costs; divestiture-related costs; the operating results of divestitures; net gain on divestitures; gain on sale of intangible assets; benefits from the resolution of tax matters; CEO transition remuneration; Venezuela historical operating results and remeasurement and deconsolidation losses; the JDE coffee business transactions gain and net incremental costs; operating income from our historical coffee business and equity method investment earnings reclassified to after-tax earnings in Q3 2015 in connection with the coffee business transactions. We also present “Adjusted Operating Income margin,” which is subject to the same adjustments as Adjusted Operating Income, and evaluate Adjusted Operating Income on a constant currency basis. We believe these measures provide improved comparability of underlying operating results.

 

                                                                           
     For the Years Ended                
     December 31,                
     2017      2016      $ Change      % Change  
     (in millions)         

Operating Income

   $ 3,506      $ 2,569      $ 937        36.5%  

2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs (1)

     792        1,086        (294   

Intangible asset impairment charges (2)

     109        137        (28   

Mark-to-market losses from derivatives (3)

     96        94        2     

Malware incident incremental expenses

     84               84     

Acquisition integration costs (4)

     3        7        (4   

Acquisition-related costs (4)

            1        (1   

Divestiture-related costs (5)

     31        86        (55   

Operating income from divestiture (5)

     (61      (153      92     

Net gain on divestitures (5)

     (186      (9      (177   

Gain on sale of intangible assets (6)

            (15      15     

Benefits from resolution of tax matters (7)

     (209             (209   

CEO transition remuneration

     14               14     

Other/rounding

     (1      (1          
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Adjusted Operating Income

   $ 4,178      $ 3,802      $ 376        9.9%  

Currency translation

                       
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Adjusted Operating Income (constant currency)

   $ 4,178      $ 3,802      $ 376        9.9%  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

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Table of Contents
                                                                           
     For the Years Ended                
     December 31,                
     2016      2015      $ Change      % Change  
     (in millions)         

Operating Income

   $ 2,569      $ 8,897      $ (6,328      (71.1)%  

2012-2014 Restructuring Program costs (1)

            (4      4     

2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs (1)

     1,086        1,002        84     

Intangible asset impairment charges (2)

     137        71        66     

Mark-to-market losses/(gains) from derivatives (3)

     94        (56      150     

Acquisition integration costs (4)

     7        9        (2   

Acquisition-related costs (4)

     1        8        (7   

Divestiture-related costs (5)

     86               86     

Operating income from divestiture (5)

     (153      (182      29     

Net gain on divestiture (5)

     (9      (13      4     

Gain on sale of intangible assets (6)

     (15             (15   

Operating income from Venezuelan subsidiaries (8)

            (281      281     

Remeasurement of net monetary assets in Venezuela (8)

            11        (11   

Loss on deconsolidation of Venezuela (8)

            778        (778   

Costs associated with JDE coffee business transactions (9)

            278        (278   

Gain on the JDE coffee business transactions (9)

            (6,809      6,809     

Reclassification of historical coffee business operating income (10)

            (342      342     

Reclassification of equity method investment earnings (11)

            (51      51     

Other/rounding

     (1             (1   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Adjusted Operating Income

   $ 3,802      $ 3,316      $ 486        14.7%  

Impact of unfavorable currency

     171               171     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Adjusted Operating Income (constant currency)

   $ 3,973      $ 3,316      $ 657        19.8%  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) Refer to Note 6, 2014-2018 Restructuring Program, for more information. Refer to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for additional information in Note 6, Restructuring Programs.
(2) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, and Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for more information on trademark impairments.
(3) Refer to Note 8, Financial Instruments, Note 16, Segment Reporting, and Non-GAAP Financial Measures appearing earlier in this section for more information on these unrealized losses/gains on commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivatives.
(4) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the acquisition of a biscuit business in Vietnam.
(5) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the 2017 sales of a confectionery business in France, a grocery business in Australia and New Zealand, certain licenses of KHC-owned brands used in our grocery business within our Europe region, sale of one of our equity method investments and sale of a confectionary business in Japan. Additionally, the 2016 amount includes a sale of a confectionery business in Costa Rica.
(6) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the 2016 intangible asset sale in Finland.
(7) Refer to Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies – Tax Matters, for more information. Primarily includes the reversal of tax liabilities in connection with the resolution of a Brazilian indirect tax matter and settlement of pre-acquisition Cadbury tax matters.
(8) Includes the historical results of our Venezuelan subsidiaries prior to the December 31, 2015 deconsolidation. Refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting: Venezuela, for more information on the deconsolidation and remeasurement loss in 2015.
(9) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the JDE coffee business transactions.
(10) Includes our historical global coffee business prior to the July 2, 2015 deconsolidation. We reclassified the results of our historical coffee business from Adjusted Operating Income and included them with equity method investment earnings in Adjusted EPS to facilitate comparisons of past and future coffee operating results. Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, and Non-GAAP Financial Measures appearing later in this section for more information.
(11) Historically, we have recorded income from equity method investments within our operating income as these investments operated as extensions of our base business. Beginning in the third quarter of 2015, to align with the accounting for JDE earnings, we began to record the earnings from our equity method investments in equity method investment earnings outside of operating income. In periods prior to July 2, 2015, we have reclassified the equity method earnings from Adjusted Operating Income to evaluate our operating results on a consistent basis.

 

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Adjusted EPS:

Applying the definition of “Adjusted EPS” (1), the adjustments made to “diluted EPS attributable to Mondelēz International” (the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure) were to exclude 2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs; impairment charges related to intangible assets; mark-to-market impacts from commodity and forecasted currency transaction derivative contracts; incremental expenses related to the malware incident; acquisition integration costs; divestiture-related costs; net earnings from divestitures; after-tax gains/losses on divestitures; gain on sale of intangible assets; benefits from the resolution of tax matters; CEO transition remuneration; losses on interest rate swaps no longer designated as accounting cash flow hedges due to changed financing and hedging plans; losses on debt extinguishment and related expenses; U.S. tax reform discrete net tax benefit; Venezuela historical operating results and remeasurement and deconsolidation losses; the JDE coffee business transactions gain, hedging gains and net incremental costs; operating income from our historical coffee business; equity method investment earnings reclassified to after-tax earnings in Q3 2015 in connection with the coffee business transactions; gain on equity method investment transactions; and our proportionate share of unusual or infrequent items recorded by our JDE and Keurig equity method investees. We also evaluate Adjusted EPS on a constant currency basis. We believe Adjusted EPS provides improved comparability of underlying operating results.

 

                                                                           
     For the Years Ended                
     December 31,                
     2017      2016      $ Change      % Change  

Diluted EPS attributable to Mondelēz International

   $ 1.91      $ 1.05      $ 0.86        81.9%  

2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs (2)

     0.39        0.51        (0.12   

Intangible asset impairment charges (2)

     0.05        0.06        (0.01   

Mark-to-market losses from derivatives (2)

     0.06        0.05        0.01     

Malware incident incremental expenses

     0.04               0.04     

Acquisition integration costs (2)

            0.01        (0.01   

Divestiture-related costs (2)

     0.02        0.05        (0.03   

Net earnings from divestitures (2)

     (0.03      (0.08      0.05     

Net gain on divestitures (2)

     (0.11             (0.11   

Gain on sale of intangible assets (2)

            (0.01      0.01     

Benefits from resolution of tax matters (2)

     (0.13             (0.13   

CEO transition remuneration

     0.01               0.01     

Loss related to interest rate swaps (3)

            0.04        (0.04   

Loss on debt extinguishment and related expenses (4)

            0.17        (0.17   

U.S. tax reform discrete net tax benefit (5)

     (0.04             (0.04   

Gain on equity method investment transactions (6)

     (0.02      (0.03      0.01     

Equity method investee acquisition-related
and other adjustments (7)

     (0.01      0.04        (0.05   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Adjusted EPS

   $ 2.14      $ 1.86      $ 0.28        15.1%  

Impact of favorable currency

     (0.01             (0.01   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Adjusted EPS (constant currency)

   $ 2.13      $ 1.86      $ 0.27        14.5%  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

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Table of Contents
                                                                           
     For the Years Ended                
     December 31,                
     2016      2015      $ Change      % Change  

Diluted EPS attributable to Mondelēz International

   $ 1.05      $ 4.44      $ (3.39      (76.4)%  

2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs (2)

     0.51        0.45        0.06     

Intangible asset impairment charges (2)

     0.06        0.03        0.03     

Mark-to-market losses/(gains) from  derivatives (2)

     0.05        (0.03      0.08     

Acquisition integration costs (2)

     0.01               0.01     

Net earnings from divestiture (2)

     (0.08      (0.07      (0.01   

Divestiture-related costs (2)

     0.05               0.05     

Net loss on divestiture (2)

            0.01        (0.01   

Gain on sale of intangible assets (2)

     (0.01             (0.01   

Net earnings from Venezuelan subsidiaries (8)

            (0.10      0.10     

Loss on deconsolidation of Venezuela (8)

            0.48        (0.48   

Remeasurement of net monetary assets in Venezuela (8)

            0.01        (0.01   

Gain on the JDE coffee business transactions (9)

            (4.05      4.05     

(Income)/costs associated with the JDE coffee business transactions (9)

            (0.01      0.01     

Loss related to interest rate swaps (3)

     0.04        0.01        0.03     

Loss on debt extinguishment and related
expenses (4)

     0.17        0.29        (0.12   

Gain on equity method investment transactions (6)

     (0.03             (0.03   

Equity method investee acquisition-related
and other adjustments (7)

     0.04        0.07        (0.03   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Adjusted EPS

   $ 1.86      $ 1.53      $ 0.33        21.6

Impact of unfavorable currency

     0.06               0.06     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Adjusted EPS (constant currency)

   $ 1.92      $ 1.53      $ 0.39        25.5
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) The tax expense/(benefit) of each of the pre-tax items excluded from our GAAP results was computed based on the facts and tax assumptions associated with each item, and such impacts have also been excluded from Adjusted EPS.
    For the year ended December 31, 2017, taxes for the: 2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs were $(190) million, intangible asset impairment charges were $(30) million, acquisition integration costs were zero, gain on equity method investment transactions were $15 million, net gain on divestitures were $7 million, net earnings on divestitures were $15 million, divestiture-related costs were $8 million, loss on debt extinguishment and related costs were $(4) million, malware incident incremental costs were $(27) million, benefits from resolution of tax matters were $75 million, equity method investee acquisition-related and other adjustments were $35 million, CEO transition remuneration were $(5) million, mark-to-market gains/(losses) from derivatives were $(6) million and U.S. tax reform were $(59) million.
    For the year ended December 31, 2016, taxes for the: 2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs were $(288) million, intangible asset impairment charges were $(37) million, gain on sale of intangible assets were $3 million, acquisition integration costs were zero, net earnings from divestitures were $40 million, divestiture-related costs were $(15) million, loss on debt extinguishment and related costs were $(163) million, loss related to interest rate swaps were $(36) million and mark-to-market gains/(losses) from derivatives were $(11) million.
    For the year ended December 31, 2015, taxes for the: 2014-2018 Restructuring Program costs were $(262) million, income/costs associated with the JDE coffee business transactions were $145 million, net earnings from Venezuelan subsidiaries were $107 million, gain on the JDE coffee business transactions were $183 million, intangible asset impairment charges were $(13) million, net earnings from divestitures were $80 million, loss on debt extinguishment and related costs were $(275) million, loss related to interest rate swaps were $(13) million and mark-to-market gains/(losses) from derivatives were $15 million.
(2) See the Adjusted Operating Income table above and the related footnotes for more information.
(3) Refer to Note 8, Financial Instruments, for more information on our interest rate swaps, which we no longer designate as cash flow hedges during the first quarter of 2016 due to changes in financing and hedging plans.
(4) Refer to Note 7, Debt and Borrowing Arrangements, for more information on our loss on debt extinguishment and related expenses in connection with our debt discharge.
(5) Refer to Note 14, Income Taxes, for more information on the impact of the U.S. tax reform.
(6) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the 2017 sale of one of our equity method investments and the 2016 acquisition of an interest in Keurig.
(7) Includes our proportionate share of unusual or infrequent items, such as acquisition and divestiture-related costs, restructuring program costs and discrete U.S. tax reform impacts recorded by our JDE and Keurig equity method investees.
(8) Includes the historical results of our Venezuelan subsidiaries prior to the December 31, 2015 deconsolidation. Refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting: Venezuela, for more information on the deconsolidation and remeasurement loss in 2015.
(9) Refer to Note 2, Divestitures and Acquisitions, for more information on the JDE coffee business transactions. Net gains of $436 million in 2015 on the currency hedges related to the JDE coffee business transactions were recorded in interest and other expense, net and are included in (income)/costs associated with the JDE coffee business transactions of $(0.01) in the table above.

 

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

As we operate globally, we are primarily exposed to currency exchange rate, commodity price and interest rate market risks. We monitor and manage these exposures as part of our overall risk management program. Our risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to reduce the potentially adverse effects that the volatility of these markets may have on our operating results. We principally utilize derivative instruments to reduce significant, unanticipated earnings fluctuations that may arise from volatility in currency exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates. For additional information on our derivative activity and the types of derivative instruments we use to hedge our currency exchange, commodity price and interest rate exposures, see Note 8, Financial Instruments.

Many of our non-U.S. subsidiaries operate in functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates create volatility in our reported results as we translate the balance sheets, operating results and cash flows of these subsidiaries into the U.S. dollar for consolidated reporting purposes. The translation of non-U.S. dollar denominated balance sheets and statements of earnings of our subsidiaries into the U.S. dollar for consolidated reporting generally results in a cumulative translation adjustment to other comprehensive income within equity. A stronger U.S. dollar relative to other functional currencies adversely affects our consolidated earnings and net assets while a weaker U.S. dollar benefits our consolidated earnings and net assets. While we hedge significant forecasted currency exchange transactions as well as certain net assets of non-U.S. operations and other currency impacts, we cannot fully predict or eliminate volatility arising from changes in currency exchange rates on our consolidated financial results. See Consolidated Results of Operations and Results of Operations by Reportable Segment under Discussion and Analysis of Historical Results for currency exchange effects on our financial results. For additional information on the impact of currency policies, recent currency devaluations, the deconsolidation of our Venezuelan operation and the historical remeasurement of our Venezuelan net monetary assets on our financial condition and results of operations, also see Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Currency Translation and Highly Inflationary Accounting.

We also continually monitor the market for commodities that we use in our products. Input costs may fluctuate widely due to international demand, weather conditions, government policy and regulation and unforeseen conditions. To manage input cost volatility, we enter into forward purchase agreements and other derivative financial instruments. We also pursue productivity and cost saving measures and take pricing actions when necessary to mitigate the impact of higher input costs on earnings.

We regularly evaluate our variable and fixed-rate debt as well as current and expected interest rates in the markets in which we raise capital. Our primary exposures include movements in U.S. Treasury rates, corporate credit spreads, London Interbank Offered Rates (“LIBOR”), Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”) and commercial paper rates. We periodically use interest rate swaps and forward interest rate contracts to achieve a desired proportion of variable versus fixed rate debt based on current and projected market conditions. Our weighted-average interest rate on our total debt w