Exhibit 99.1

Excerpts from Tronox Finance plc’s confidential preliminary offering memorandum dated September 12, 2017.

This offering memorandum contains certain financial measures, in particular the presentation of earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) and Adjusted EBITDA, which are not presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP). We are presenting these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures because we believe they provide us and recipients of this presentation with additional insight into our operational performance. We do not intend for these non-U.S GAAP financial measures to be a substitute for any U.S. GAAP financial information. Readers of these statements should use these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures only in conjunction with the comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of net income (loss) to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is also provided herein.

SUMMARY HISTORICAL AND PRO FORMA FINANCIAL DATA

The following table sets forth summary historical and pro forma financial data as of the dates and for the periods indicated. The statement of operations and balance sheet data for Holdings: (i) as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 has been derived from Holdings’ audited consolidated financial statements appearing in Holdings’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2016, which do not give effect to the revisions per the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 2, 2017 with the SEC to provide additional information and details regarding the revision of the previously issued December 31, 2016 financial statements and (ii) as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2017, has been derived from Holdings’ unaudited interim consolidated financial statements appearing in Holdings’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the six months ended June 30, 2017, each incorporated by reference in this offering memorandum. On June 2, 2017, Holdings filed a Current Report on Form 8-K to provide additional information and details regarding the revision of its previously issued December 31, 2016 financial statements and quarterly financial statements in 2016. During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, Holdings identified a misstatement in selling, general, and administrative expense for certain prior periods related to a liability resulting from a non-timely filing with a statutory authority. The aggregate misstatement is $11 million, which impacts the previously issued consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, balance sheets and cash flows as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the third and fourth quarters and corresponding year-to-date periods of 2015, and each quarter and corresponding year-to-date periods of 2016. The statement of operations and balance sheet data for Cristal: (i) as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 has been derived from Cristal’s audited consolidated financial statements and (ii) as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2017, has been derived from Cristal’s unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, each included in this offering memorandum.

The summary historical financial data of Cristal for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was prepared in accordance with Saudi GAAP. A reconciliation of net loss from generally accepted accounting principles in Saudi GAAP to U.S. GAAP is presented for the two most recent years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. The summary historical financial data of Cristal for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 is prepared in accordance with IFRS. In connection with the preparation of the summary unaudited Pro Forma As Adjusted condensed combined statement of operations data, the summary historical financial data of Cristal for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was converted from IFRS to U.S. GAAP.

The table also includes summary unaudited consolidated financial information for the twelve months ended June 30, 2017, adjusted for the Refinancing Transactions (excluding the ABL Drawdown and Blocked New Term Loans) and the Alkali Sale. This information was calculated by taking our audited consolidated financial information for the year ended December 31, 2016, and subtracting our unaudited consolidated financial information for the six months ended June 30, 2016, and adding our unaudited consolidated financial information for the six months ended June 30, 2017, and adjusting the summary statement of operations data to give effect to the Alkali Sale and the Refinancing Transactions (excluding the portion of the term facility to be borrowed by the Blocked Borrower) as if they had been completed on July 1, 2016 and adjusting the summary balance sheet data to give effect to the Alkali Sale and the Refinancing Transactions (excluding the ABL Drawdown and Blocked New Term Loans) as if they had been completed on June 30, 2017. The unaudited consolidated financial information as of and for the twelve months ended June 30, 2017 and the Pro Forma Combined Adjusted EBITDA has been prepared solely for the purposes of this offering memorandum and is for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily representative of our results of operations for any future period or financial condition at any future date.

Holdings’ summary unaudited Pro Forma As Adjusted condensed combined statement of operations data for the twelve months ended June 30, 2017 is presented in U.S. GAAP as if the Transactions (including the ABL Drawdown and Blocked New Term Loans) had been completed on July 1, 2016. Holdings’ summary unaudited Pro Forma As Adjusted condensed combined balance sheet data as of June 30, 2017 is presented as if the Transactions (including the ABL Drawdown and Blocked New Term Loans) had been completed on June 30, 2017.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data contained herein were prepared in connection with the filing of our Definitive Proxy Statement on August 31, 2017 and give effect to assumed incremental indebtedness of $348 million rather than the actual contemplated Refinancing Transactions described herein, which represent an aggregate of $245 million of incremental indebtedness. In addition, such unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data gives effect to $152 million of cash and cash equivalents to be assumed from Cristal in connection with the Cristal Acquisition even though no cash and cash equivalents will be assumed from Cristal in connection with the Cristal Acquisition.

Accordingly, the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data presented below and included in our “Summary Historical and Pro Forma Financial Data” included elsewhere in this offering memorandum does not precisely reflect our currently contemplated level of indebtedness, capital structure or our cash and cash equivalents, total assets and total equity. By contrast, our table presented under “Capitalization” reflects the Refinancing Transactions, the level of debt and cash and cash equivalents as contemplated as of the date of this offering memorandum.

This information should be read in conjunction with (i) the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes of Holdings for fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 appearing in Holdings’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2016, which is incorporated by reference into this offering memorandum, (ii) the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements appearing in Holdings’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the six months ended June 30, 2017, which is incorporated by reference into this offering memorandum, (iii) the audited consolidated financial statements of Cristal as of and for year ended December 31, 2016 included in this offering memorandum, (iv) the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of Cristal as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2017 included in this offering memorandum and (v) and the “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations” appearing elsewhere in this offering memorandum.

Summary Consolidated Historical Financial and Pro Forma Financial Data of Tronox and Cristal
(Millions of U.S. Dollars)

Other Financial and Pro Forma Data

The following represents the assumed financing structure for the Cristal Acquisition. It does not give effect to the Refinancing Transactions. No revisions to this financial information have been made to account for the Refinancing Transactions (or any component thereof) as described herein. You should read such unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data in conjunction with the “Capitalization” section of this offering memorandum.

Pro Forma Combined Adjusted EBITDA

Tronox

Cristal

THE NATIONAL TITANIUM DIOXIDE
COMPANY LIMITED (CRISTAL)
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
30 JUNE 2017

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2017

1   ACTIVITIES

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal) (the “Company” (or) the “Parent Company” (or) “Cristal”) is a Limited Liability Company registered in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under Commercial Registration number 4030062296 dated 20/3/1409 (corresponding to 30 October 1988) with branches in Madinah and Yanbu having Commercial Registration numbers 003673 and 4030062296/002. The results, assets and liabilities of the branches are included in these interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company obtained its Foreign Capital Investment License by Ministerial Decision No. 201 dated 25/4/1408 (corresponding to 16 December 1987), as amended by various Ministerial Decisions, the last of which is Ministerial Decision No. 1325 dated 5/9/1425 (corresponding to 19 October 2005). The Company started commercial production on 1 June 1992.

The principal activity of the Company and its subsidiaries (hereinafter referred to together as the “Group”) is manufacturing and marketing of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2). One of the subsidiaries is engaged in mineral exploration, development of mineral tenements, mining and processing mineral sands and sale of separated mineral sands products. The Company’s principal place of business is Kings Road Tower, 17^th Floor, King Abdulaziz Road, PO Box 13586, Jeddah 21414, Saudi Arabia.

The Company is owned 79% by National Industrialization Company (the “Holding” company or “Tasnee”) a Saudi joint stock company, 20% by Gulf Investment Corporation, a corporation registered under an agreement entered into by the Gulf Cooperation Council, and 1% by Dr. Talal Al-Shair, a Saudi national.

The majority of the activities of the subsidiaries are in the United States of America, United Kingdom, Australia, Brazil and France.

2   BASIS OF PREPARATION AND CONSOLIDATION

2.1   Basis of Preparation

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Group. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements are expressed in Saudi Riyals, being the functional currency of the Parent Company and have been rounded off to the nearest thousand Saudi Riyals, except when otherwise specified.

These interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Parent Company and the following wholly owned subsidiaries:

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2017

2   BASIS OF PREPARATION AND CONSOLIDATION (continued)

Compliance with IFRS

For all periods up to and including the year ended 31 December 2016, the Group prepared its consolidated financial statements in accordance with the generally accepted accounting standards in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as issued by Saudi Organization of Certified Public Accountants (“SOCPA”) (“Previous GAAP”).

SOCPA has approved a plan for transition to International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and as endorsed by SOCPA. The plan requires that effective from 1 January, 2017 all the companies listed on Saudi Stock Exchange (“Tadawul”) shall prepare their financial statements in accordance with the IFRS as endorsed in Saudi Arabia and other standards and pronouncements endorsed by the SOCPA. Further, SOCPA requires that all other non-listed entities shall prepare their financial statements in accordance with the IFRS endorsed by SOCPA effective 1 January 2018 with an option to early adopt from 1 January 2017. Accordingly, in line with the above requirement and as decided by the Company’s Board, the Company and its subsidiaries have adopted IFRS as endorsed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. These financial statements also comply with IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

These financial statements, for the six months ended 30 June 2017, are the second interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Group prepared under IFRS. Principals of IAS 34 - Interim Financial Reporting have been followed in preparation of these interim condensed consolidated financial statements

The accounting policies set out in this note have been applied in preparing the interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the six months ended 30 June 2017, the comparative information presented in these consolidated financial statements for both the six months ended 30 June 2016 and year ended 31 December 2016 and the opening IFRS balance sheet at 1 January 2016 (the “transition date”). Accordingly the Group has prepared these interim condensed consolidated financial statements to comply with IFRS applicable as at end of respective reporting periods covered by these interim condensed consolidated financial statements

Refer to note 14 for an explanation of how the transition from generally accepted accounting standards in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to IFRS has affected the Group’s financial position, financial performance and cash flow.

(i)   Historical cost convention

The consolidated interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) that are measured at fair value.

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements as on 30 June 2017.

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2017

2   BASIS OF PREPARATION AND CONSOLIDATION (continued)

(i)   Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Group has control. Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Specifically, the Group controls an investee if, and only if, the Group has:

The Company does not have control over the operations and management of AMIC; however, with its 50% equity ownership has significant influence. Therefore, AMIC is considered as an associate of the Company and accounted for using equity method of accounting (note 8).

Generally, there is a presumption that a majority of voting rights results in control. To support this presumption and when the Group has less than a majority of the voting or similar rights of an investee, the Group considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power over an investee, including:

The Group re-assesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control. Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Group obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Group loses control of the subsidiary.

Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the interim condensed consolidated financial statements from the date the Group gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary.

Profit or loss and each component of other comprehensive income (OCI) are attributed to the equity holders of the parent of the Group and to the non-controlling interests, even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance.

When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with the Group’s accounting policies.

All intra-group assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating to transactions between members of the Group are eliminated in full on consolidation.

A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary, without a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction. When a Group loses control over a subsidiary, it derecognises the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, and any related non-controlling interests and other components of equity. Any resulting gain or loss is recognised in the profit or loss. Any interest retained in the former subsidiary is measured at fair value when control is lost.

If the Group loses control over a subsidiary, it:

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2017

2   BASIS OF PREPARATION AND CONSOLIDATION (continued)

(ii)   Associates

Associates are all entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control or joint control. This is generally the case where the Group holds between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method (see (iv) below), after initially being recognized at cost.

(iii)   Joint arrangements

Under IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements, joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. The considerations made in determining whether significant influence or joint control are similar to those necessary to determine control over subsidiaries.

Investments in joint arrangements are classified as either joint ventures or joint operations. The classification depends on the contractual rights and obligations of each investor, rather than the legal structure of the joint arrangement.

The Group does not have either joint ventures or joint operations.

Joint ventures

A joint venture is a type of joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the joint venture.

Interests in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method, after initially being recognised at cost in the consolidated statement of financial position.

Joint operations

A joint operation is a type of joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the assets and liabilities of the joint operation.

The Group recognizes its direct right to the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of joint operations and its share of any jointly held or incurred assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These have been incorporated in the interim condensed consolidated financial statements under the appropriate headings.

Equity method

Under the equity method of accounting, the investments are initially recognized at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognize the Group’s share of the post acquisition profits or losses of the investee in profit and loss, and the Group’s share of other comprehensive income of the investee in other comprehensive income. After the share in the investee is reduced to zero, a liability is recognised only to the extent that there is an obligation to fund the investee's operations or any payments have been made on behalf of the investee. Dividends received or receivable from associates and joint ventures are recognized as a reduction in the carrying amount of the investment.

Goodwill relating to the associate or joint venture is included in the carrying amount of the investment and is not tested for impairment separately.

The interim condensed consolidated statement of profit or loss reflects the Group’s share of the results of operations of the associate or joint venture. Any change in the other comprehensive income (“OCI”) of those investees is presented as part of the Group’s OCI. In addition, when there has been a change recognised directly in the equity of

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2017

2   BASIS OF PREPARATION AND CONSOLIDATION (continued)

the associate or joint venture, the Group recognises its share of any changes, when applicable, in the interim condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity. Unrealised gains and losses resulting from transactions between the Group and the associate and joint venture are eliminated to the extent of the interest in the associate or joint venture. The financial statements of the associate or joint venture are prepared for the same reporting period as the Group.

When necessary, adjustments are made to bring the accounting policies of the associate or joint venture in line with those of the Group. After application of the equity method, the Group determines whether it is necessary to recognise an impairment loss on its investment in its associate. The Group determines at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that the investment in the associate or joint venture is impaired. If this is the case, the Group calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate or joint venture and its carrying value and recognises the loss as ‘Share of profit of an associate and a joint venture’ in the consolidated statement of profit or loss.

Upon loss of significant influence over the associate or joint control over the joint venture, the Group measures and recognises any retained investment at its fair value. Any difference between the carrying amount of the associate or joint venture upon loss of significant influence or joint control and the fair value of the retaining investment and proceeds from disposal is recognised in profit or loss.

2.2   Business combinations and goodwill

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the consideration transferred, which is measured at the acquisition date fair value and the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquiree. For each business combination, the Group elects whether to measure the non-controlling interest in the acquiree at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and included in administrative expenses.

If the business combination is achieved in stages, the acquisition date fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest in the acquiree is remeasured to fair value at the acquisition date through profit or loss.

When the Group acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date. This includes the separation of embedded derivatives in host contracts by the acquiree.

Any contingent consideration to be transferred by the acquirer will be recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. All contingent consideration (except that which is classified as equity) is measured at fair value with the changes in fair value in profit or loss. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not remeasured and subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity.

Goodwill is initially measured at cost (being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognised for non-controlling interests) and any previous interest held, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognised in profit or loss. After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. If the reassessment still results in an excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognised in profit or loss.

If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Group reports in its consolidated financial statements provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. During the measurement period, which generally does not exceed one year from the date of acquisition, the Group retrospectively adjusts the provisional amounts recognised at the acquisition date to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date and, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognised as of that date. Any additional assets or liabilities are also recognized during the measurement period if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date.

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2017

2   BASIS OF PREPARATION AND CONSOLIDATION (continued)

After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units (CGU) that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units. CGU is the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups thereof. A CGU is identified consistently from period to period for the same asset or types of assets, unless a change is justified.

Where goodwill has been allocated to a CGU and part of the operation within that unit is disposed of, the goodwill associated with the disposed operation is included in the carrying amount of the operation when determining the gain or loss on disposal of the operation. Goodwill disposed in these circumstances is measured based on the relative values of the disposed operation and the portion of the cash generating unit retained.

2.3   Revenue recognition

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Group recognises revenue when it transfers control over a product or service to a customer.

Sale of goods

Revenue is recognized when control of the products has transferred, being when the products are either delivered to the customers, the customer has full discretion over the channel and price to sell the products, and there is no unfulfilled obligation that could affect the customer’s acceptance of the products. Delivery occurs based on contractual terms of the contract, when the risks of obsolescence and loss have been transferred to the customer and either the customer has accepted the products in accordance with the sales contract, the acceptance provisions have lapsed, or the Group has objective evidence that all criteria for acceptance have been met.

Revenue recognized is measured at the transaction price as agreed in the sales contract. The transaction price is adjusted for any variable consideration in form of price concessions, discounts, rebates, refunds, credits etc. The Group estimates the variable consideration as the expected value of the likely transaction price adjustment. The Group includes in the transaction price some or all of an amount of variable consideration only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the associated variable consideration is subsequently resolved.

Transaction price adjustments in case of Group entities involve primarily adjustments relating to subsequent price adjustments in case of certain sales which are made on provisional basis, discounts, rebates and other concessions which are offered by the Group entities to customers. A contract liability is recognised for expected discounts, concessions, rebates payable to customers in relation to sales made until the end of the reporting period.

Rendering of services

Revenue from providing services is recognised over a period of time as the related services are performed. For fixed-price contracts, revenue is recognised based on the ‘percentage of completion’ method which measures actual service provided to the end of the reporting period as a proportion of the total services to be provided. Estimates of revenues, costs or extent of progress toward completion are revised if circumstances change. Any resulting increases or decreases in estimated revenues or costs are reflected in profit or loss in the period in which the circumstances that give rise to the revision become known by management.

2.4   Selling, Marketing and General and Administrative expenses

Selling and marketing expenses principally comprise costs incurred in marketing and sale of the subsidiaries products. Other expenses are classified as general and administrative expenses.

General and administrative expenses include direct and indirect costs not specifically attributable to cost of sales.

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2017

2   BASIS OF PREPARATION AND CONSOLIDATION (continued)

Allocations between general and administrative expenses and cost of sales, when required, are made on a consistent basis.

2.5   Foreign currency translation

The Group’s interim condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in Saudi Riyals, which is also the parent company’s functional currency. For each entity, the Group determines the functional currency and items included in the financial statements of each entity are measured using that functional currency.

Transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Group entities at their respective functional currency spot rate at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the functional currency spot rate of exchange ruling at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in profit or loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates as at the dates of the initial transaction.

Group companies

On consolidation, the assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into Saudi Riyals at the rate of exchange prevailing at the reporting date and their statement of profit or loss are translated at exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or the average rate for the period. The exchange differences arising on the translation are recognised in interim condensed consolidated statement of other comprehensive income. On disposal of a foreign operation, the component of OCI relating to that particular foreign operation is recognised in the interim condensed consolidated statement of profit or loss.

2.6   Zakat and Income Tax

The Company and its subsidiaries in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are subject to the Regulations of General Authority of Zakat and Income tax (“GAZIT”) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Overseas subsidiaries and branches are subject to income tax as per rules and regulations of the country in which they reside.

Zakat

Saudi and other Gulf Cooperation Council country shareholders in the Company and its subsidiaries in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are subject to Zakat which is then included in the interim condensed consolidated statement of profit or loss.

Zakat is provided on an accruals basis and computed at the higher of adjusted net income for Zakat purposes for the year or Zakat base calculated per the Regulations. Any difference in the previously recorded estimate is recognized when the final assessment is approved by GAZIT.

Current income tax

Foreign shareholders in the Company’s subsidiaries in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are subject to income tax.

Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current period are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted, or substantively enacted at the reporting date in the countries where the Group operates and generates taxable income.

Deferred taxes

Deferred income tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2017

2   BASIS OF PREPARATION AND CONSOLIDATION (continued)

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current income tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

2.7   Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment in value, except for freehold land and assets under construction which are stated at cost and are not depreciated. Assets under construction represent all costs relating directly to the projects in progress and are capitalized as property and equipment when the project is completed.

Cost includes all expenditure directly attributable to the construction or purchase of the item of property, plant and equipment. Such costs include the cost of replacing parts of the property, plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Group recognises such parts as individual assets with specific useful lives and depreciates them accordingly. Likewise, costs of major maintenance and repairs incurred as part of substantial overhauls or turnarounds of major units at the Group's manufacturing facilities are capitalized and generally amortized using the straight line method over the period until the next planned turnaround, the cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the interim condensed consolidated statement of profit or loss as incurred.

Any subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Group and cost can be measured reliably.

Certain subsidiaries of the Group recognize provisions related to the expected cost for the decommissioning of certain assets and rehabilitation and mine closure costs. The present value of such expected costs for the decommissioning of the asset after its use or rehabilitation and mine closure costs, is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2017

2   BASIS OF PREPARATION AND CONSOLIDATION (continued)

Depreciation is calculated using the straight line method to allocate their cost, net of their residual values, over their estimated useful lives as follows;

Impact of change in the useful life and residual value on the transition date for some entities has been considered prospectively from 1 January 2017.

The property, plant and equipment acquired under finance leases is depreciated over the asset’s useful life or over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term if there is no reasonable certainty that the Group will obtain ownership at the end of the lease term.

Stores and spares having a useful life of more than one year are depreciated over their estimated useful lives.

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

2.8   Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

2.9   Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date. The arrangement is assessed for whether fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets or the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

Finance leases that transfer to the Group substantially all of the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and a reduction in the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognised in finance costs in the interim condensed consolidated statement of profit or loss. A leased asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Group will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.

An operating lease is a lease other than a finance lease. Operating lease payments are recognised as an operating expense in the statement of profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2017

2   BASIS OF PREPARATION AND CONSOLIDATION (continued)

2.10   Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value as at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and expenditure is recognised in the interim condensed consolidated statement of profit or loss when it is incurred.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over their useful economic lives and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are accounted for by changing the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the interim condensed statement of profit or loss in the expense category consistent with the function of the intangible assets.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives (see below in other intangibles) are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually or at each reporting date when there is an indicator of impairment, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the interim condensed consolidated statement of profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.

Goodwill

Goodwill on acquisition of subsidiaries is included in intangible assets. Goodwill is not amortised but is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired, and is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Gains and losses on disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the entity sold.

Goodwill is allocated to cash generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to those cash generating units or groups of cash generating units that are expected to benefit from the business combination in which the goodwill arose. The units or groups of units are identified at the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes.

Research and development costs

Research and development costs are charged to the consolidated statement of profit or loss during the period incurred, except for the clear and specified projects, in which development costs can be recovered through the commercial activities generated by these projects. In this case, the development costs are considered intangible assets and are amortized using the straight-line method over a period of seven years.

Other intangibles

Other intangible assets, consisting primarily of trademarks, trade names, technology and customer relationships, are valued at fair value with the assistance of independent appraisers, effective from the date of acquisition of the subsidiary. A subsidiary, Cristal Inorganic Company's trade name is considered an intangible asset with an indefinite life and is not being amortized but instead is measured for impairment at least annually, or when events indicate that an impairment exists.

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2017

2   BASIS OF PREPARATION AND CONSOLIDATION (continued)

Other intangible assets also include patents and license costs. These assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the terms of the related agreements.

2.11   Exploration and evaluation costs

Pre-license costs are recognized in the consolidated statement of profit or loss.

Exploration and evaluation costs, including the costs of acquiring licenses, are capitalized as exploration and evaluation assets (“E&E assets”) on an area of interest basis pending determination of the technical feasibility and commercial viability of the project. When a license is relinquished or a project is abandoned, the related costs are recognized in the interim condensed consolidated statement of profit or loss immediately.

E&E assets are assessed for impairment if (i) sufficient data exists to determine technical feasibility and commercial viability, and (ii) facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount (see the impairment of assets policy note). For the purposes of impairment testing,

E&E assets are allocated to cash-generating units consistent with the determination of areas of interest.

Once the technical and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource is determined, E&E assets attributable to those reserves are first tested for impairment and then reclassified from E&E assets to mine development assets within property and equipment.

Expenditure deemed to be unsuccessful is recognized in the interim condensed consolidated statement of profit or loss immediately.

2.12   Impairment of non-financial assets

Goodwill and assets with indefinite life are tested for impairment annually.

For other assets, the Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Group estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash generating unit’s (“CGU”) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. It is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded subsidiaries or other available fair value indicators.

The Group bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecasts which are prepared separately for each of the Group’s CGU to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. A long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the interim condensed consolidated statement of profit or loss.

Impairment recognized previously on goodwill is not reversed.

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2017

2   BASIS OF PREPARATION AND CONSOLIDATION (continued)

The impairment testing conducted on the date of transition is based on the assumptions used under the previous GAAP as on that date. The estimates which were not required under the previous GAAP (for example the interest rate) are based on facts and circumstances exiting as on the transition date.

2.13   Inventories

Cost of raw materials, consumables, spare parts and finished goods is determined on a weighted average cost basis. Cost of work in progress and finished goods includes cost of material, labor and an appropriate allocation of indirect overheads. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs to sell.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the interim condensed consolidated statement of financial position comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits and murabaha with a maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

2.14   Employee benefits

Short term obligations

Liabilities for wages and salaries and any other short term benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognized in respect of employees services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the statement of financial position.

Post employment obligations

Defined contribution plans

Contributions to defined contribution superannuation plans are expensed when the employees have rendered service entitling them to the contributions.

Defined benefit plans

The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plans is determined using the projected unit credit method. Re-measurements, comprising actuarial gains and losses, are recognised immediately in the interim condensed consolidated statement of financial position with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation for entities in Saudi Arabia has been determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to US bond yields (as the Saudi Riyal is pegged to the US dollar) adjusted for an additional risk premium reflecting the possibility of the linkage being broken.

Past service costs are recognised in the interim condensed consolidated statement of profit or loss on the earlier of the date of the plan amendment or curtailment and the date on which the Group recognises related restructuring costs. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability. The Group recognises the changes in the net defined benefit obligation under ‘cost of revenue, ‘general and administrative expenses’ and ‘selling and distribution expenses’ in the interim condensed consolidated statement of profit or loss.

2.15   Provisions and contingent liabilities

Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2017

2   BASIS OF PREPARATION AND CONSOLIDATION (continued)

a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Where the Group expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the interim condensed consolidated statement of profit or loss net of any reimbursement.

Decommissioning liabilities

The Group records an estimated liability for the future cost to close its facilities under certain lease agreements and the scheduled closure of certain landfills and recognizes the cost over the useful life of the related asset. The Group records a discounted liability for the fair value of an asset retirement obligation and a corresponding increase to the carrying value of the related long-lived asset is recorded at the time the asset is acquired. The Group amortizes the amount added to property and equipment and recognizes accretion expense in connection with the discounted liability over the estimated remaining life of the respective long-lived asset.

Rehabilitation and mine closure costs

Provision is made for anticipated costs of restoration and rehabilitation work necessitated by disturbance arising from exploration, evaluation, development and production activities. Costs included in the provision comprise land reclamation, plant removal and on-going re-vegetation programs. Rehabilitation and mine closure costs are provided for at the present value of the expenditures expected to settle the obligation at the reporting date, based on current legal requirements and technology. Future rehabilitation and mine closure costs are reviewed annually and any changes are reflected in the present value of the provision at the end of the reporting period. The cost of rehabilitation and mine closure is capitalized as property and equipment to the extent it gives rise to future economic benefits. The amount capitalized is depreciated as part of property and equipment using the units of production method.

Restructuring provisions

A restructuring provision is recognized when the Group has developed a detailed formal plan for the restructuring and has raised a valid expectation in those affected that it will carry out the restructuring by starting to implement the plan or announcing its main features to those affected by it. The measurement of a restructuring provision includes only the direct expenditures arising from the restructuring, which are those amounts that are both necessarily entailed by the restructuring and not associated with the ongoing activities of the entity.

Environmental remediation costs

Anticipated expenditures related to investigation and remediation of contaminated sites, which include current and former plant sites and other remediation sites, are accrued when it is probable a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability can reasonably be estimated. Only ongoing operations and monitoring costs, the timing of which can be determined with reasonable certainty, are discounted to present value. Future legal costs associated with such matters, which generally cannot be estimated, are not included in these liabilities.

Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Group or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made.

2.16   Overburden costs

Expenditure associated with the removal of mine overburden is deferred and charged to the interim condensed consolidated statement of profit or loss as the mineral is extracted. The balance of the amount deferred is reviewed at each reporting date to determine the amount (if any) which is no longer recoverable out of future revenue. Any amounts so determined are written off.

The National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (Cristal)
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2017

2   BASIS OF PREPARATION AND CONSOLIDATION (continued)

2.17   Trade receivables

Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. For impairment of financial assets refer to Note 2.21(IV).

2.18   Trade and other payables

These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the group prior to the end of financial period which are unpaid. The amounts are unsecured. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

2.19   Financial instruments

Financial instruments are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

i)   Financial assets

The Group determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition. The classification depends on the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

(I)   Classification

The financial assets are classified in the following measurement categories: