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EX-23.1 - EXHIBIT 23.1 - SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CO/VA/ex23_1.htm
8-K/A - SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY 8-K/A 5-6-2016 - SHENANDOAH TELECOMMUNICATIONS CO/VA/form8ka.htm

Exhibit 99.3
 
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
On May 6, 2016, Shenandoah Telecommunications Company (“Shentel” or the “Company”), through a merger with its wholly-owned subsidiary Gridiron Merger Sub Inc., completed the acquisition of the common stock of NTELOS Holdings Corp (“nTelos”), which owned wireless network systems in southern Virginia and West Virginia and operated under the nTelos Wireless brand name.  The purchase price for the acquisition was $663.7 million, net of acquired cash.
 
The Company has accounted for the acquisition of nTelos under the acquisition method of accounting, in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, “Business Combinations”, and will account for any measurement period adjustments under Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-16, “Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement – Period Adjustments”.  Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition based on their estimated fair values.  The preliminary allocation of the purchase price was based upon management’s preliminary valuation of the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and such estimates and assumptions are subject to change.
 
In connection with the acquisition of nTelos, the Company also entered into a series of agreements with Sprint Corporation and its affiliates (“Sprint”) to, among other things, incorporates the operations of nTelos into the Company’s amended affiliate agreement with Sprint.  Significant assets acquired from nTelos were exchanged with Sprint as part of these agreements and were accounted for in accordance with ASC 845, “Nonmonetary Transactions,” and ASC 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other”.  The future operations of nTelos will be significantly different from its historical operations as a result.
 
The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined consolidated financial information has been prepared to give effect to the completed acquisition and, the exchange with Sprint, which included converting the legacy nTelos operations into and under the Company’s affiliate agreement with Sprint.  These pro forma adjustments are described in the accompanying notes.  The unaudited pro forma condensed combined consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2016 gives effect to the acquisition and the exchange with Sprint as if they had occurred on March 31, 2016 and is derived from the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company and nTelos as of March 31, 2016.  The unaudited pro forma condensed combined consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 and the three months ended March 31, 2016 give effect to the acquisition and the exchange with Sprint as if they had occurred on January 1, 2015 and are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company and nTelos for the year ended December 31, 2015 and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company and nTelos for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
 
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined consolidated financial information has been prepared for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the combined consolidated financial position or results of operations in future periods or the results that actually would have been realized had the acquisition actually occurred on the dates indicated above.  The adjustments necessary to present fairly the unaudited pro forma condensed combined consolidated financial information have been made based on available information and, in the opinion of management, are reasonable.
 
This unaudited pro forma condensed combined consolidated financial information should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes, and the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, and the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2016, and nTelos’ audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in nTelos’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, and nTelos’ unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in nTelos’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
 

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
As of March 31, 2016
(In thousands)

   
Historical
   
Pro Forma Adjustments
   
Pro Forma
   
   
Shentel
   
nTelos
   
Acquisition
Accounting
   
Sprint
Exchange
   
Consolidated
Total
   
                                       
Cash
 
$
89,160
   
$
74,287
   
$
(126,300
)
 
$
-
   
$
37,147
 
(a)
Accounts receivable, net
   
27,012
     
53,154
     
-
     
-
     
80,166
   
Inventories available for resale
   
4,450
     
8,259
     
(3,000
)
   
-
     
9,709
 
(b)
Income taxes receivable
   
712
     
2,637
     
-
     
-
     
3,349
   
Prepaid Expenses
   
7,623
     
11,409
     
-
     
-
     
19,032
   
Other current assets
   
-
     
1,221
     
-
     
-
     
1,221
   
Total current assets
   
128,957
     
150,967
     
(129,300
)
   
-
     
150,624
   
Assets held for sale
   
-
     
62
     
5,138
     
-
     
5,200
 
(b)
Restricted Cash
   
-
     
2,167
     
-
     
-
     
2,167
   
Securities and Investments
   
10,860
     
1,522
     
-
     
-
     
12,382
   
Property, Plant and equipment, net
   
410,949
     
327,975
     
(104,013
)
   
-
     
634,911
 
(b)
Intangible Assets
                                              
Goodwill
   
103
     
63,700
     
102,447
     
-
     
166,250
 
(b)
Radio spectrum licenses
   
-
     
44,933
     
153,267
     
(198,200
)
   
-
 
(b),(g)
Cable franchise rights
   
64,744
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
64,744
 
(b),(g)
Other intangibles
   
97
     
-
      -       -      
97
   
Affiliate contract expansion
    -       -       -      
258,100
     
258,100
 
(g)
Customer and contract relationships and trademarks, net
   
2,442
     
4,095
     
205,105
     
(59,900
)
   
151,742
 
(b),(g)
Deferred charges and other assets
   
11,220
     
15,683
     
(9,400
)
   
-
     
17,503
 
(i)
Total Assets
 
$
629,372
   
$
611,104
   
$
223,244
   
$
-
   
$
1,463,720
   
                                                 
Current Liabilities
                                              
Current portion of long-term debt
 
$
22,508
   
$
5,586
   
$
(11,544
)
 
$
-
   
$
16,550
 
(c)
Accounts payable
   
10,720
     
4,666
     
-
     
-
     
15,386
   
Advance billings and customer deposits
   
11,981
     
13,522
     
-
     
-
     
25,503
   
Accrued Expenses and other current liabilities
   
9,804
     
22,317
     
7,200
     
-
     
39,321
 
(h)
Total current liabilities
   
55,013
     
46,091
     
(4,344
)
   
-
     
96,760
   
Long-term debt
   
171,535
     
506,560
     
90,355
     
-
     
768,450
 
(c)
Retirement benefits
   
2,706
     
22,784
     
(3,323
)
   
-
     
22,167
 
(b)
Deferred income taxes
   
71,767
     
10,364
     
136,174
     
-
     
218,305
 
(d)
Other long-term liabilities
   
25,082
     
65,247
     
(38,760
)
   
-
     
51,569
 
(b),(e)
Total long-term liabilities
   
271,090
     
604,955
     
184,446
     
-
     
1,060,491
   
Commitments and contingencies Equity
                                              
Common stock
   
-
     
214
     
(214
)
   
-
     
-
 
(f)
Additional paid in capital
   
33,274
     
33,012
     
(22,612
)
   
-
     
43,674
 
(f)
Treasury stock, at cost
   
-
     
(475
)
   
475
     
-
     
-
 
(f)
Retained earnings/(deficit)
   
270,628
     
(67,141
)
   
59,941
     
-
     
263,428
 
(f), (h)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
   
(633
)
   
(7,287
)
   
7,287
     
-
     
(633
)
(f)
Total equity (deficit)
   
303,269
     
(41,677
)
   
44,877
     
-
     
306,469
   
Noncontrolling interests
   
-
     
1,735
     
(1,735
)
   
-
     
-
 
(f)
     
303,269
     
(39,942
)
   
43,142
      -      
306,469
   
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
 
$
629,372
   
$
611,104
   
$
223,244
   
$
-
   
$
1,463,720
   
 

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
 
   
Historical
   
Pro Forma Adjustments
          
   
Shentel
   
nTelos
   
Acquisition
Accounting
   
Sprint
Exchange
   
Affiliate
Agreement
Amendment
   
Pro Forma
Consolidated
Total
   
                                              
Operating Revenues
 
$
92,571
   
$
85,207
   
$
-
   
$
(444
)
 
$
(4,085
)
 
$
173,248
 
(a)
                                                   
Cost of goods and services
   
31,762
     
40,520
     
-
     
-
     
(10,899
)
   
61,383
 
(b)
Selling, general and administrative
   
21,758
     
24,867
     
(539
)
   
-
     
(2,206
)
   
43,880
 
(c)
Depreciation and amortization
   
17,739
     
13,486
     
1,475
     
10,500
     
-
     
43,200
 
(d)
                                                          
Total operating expenses
   
71,259
     
78,873
     
936
     
10,500
     
(13,105
)
   
148,463
   
Operating income
   
21,312
     
6,334
     
(936
)
   
(10,944
)
   
9,020
     
24,786
   
                                                          
Interest expense, net
   
1,619
     
7,210
     
(398
)
   
-
     
-
     
8,431
 
(e)
Other income (expense), net
   
556
     
(6
)
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
550
   
Income (loss) before taxes
   
20,249
     
(882
)
   
(538
)
   
(10,944
)
   
9,020
     
16,905
   
                                                          
Income tax expense (benefit)
   
6,368
     
(211
)
   
(215
)
   
(4,378
)
   
3,608
     
5,172
 
(f)
                                                          
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
13,881
   
$
(671
)
 
$
(323
)
 
$
(6,566
)
 
$
5,412
   
$
11,733
   
                                                          
Net income (loss) from continuing operations per share:
                                       
Basic
 
$
0.29
   
$
(0.04
)
                         
$
0.24
   
Diluted
 
$
0.28
   
$
(0.04
)
                         
$
0.24
   
                                          
Weighted average shares outstanding:
                                       
Basic
   
48,563
     
21,311
     
152
                     
48,715
   
Diluted
   
49,249
     
21,311
     
380
                     
49,629
   
 

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
 
   
Historical
   
Pro Forma Adjustments
          
   
Shentel
   
nTelos
   
Acquisition
Accounting
   
Sprint
Exchange
   
Affiliate
Agreement
Amendment
   
Pro Forma
Consolidated
Total
   
                                              
Operating Revenues
 
$
342,485
   
$
362,640
   
$
-
   
$
(1,778
)
 
$
(25,998
)
 
$
677,349
 
(a)
                                                          
Cost of goods and services
   
121,330
     
177,166
     
-
     
-
     
(37,153
)
   
261,343
 
(b)
Selling, general and administrative
   
76,367
     
109,922
     
(7,317
)
   
-
     
(10,933
)
   
168,039
 
(c)
Depreciation and amortization
   
70,702
     
55,102
     
5,898
     
42,000
     
-
     
173,702
 
(d)
Gain on sale of assets
   
-
     
(11,111
)
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
(11,111
)
 
Total operating expenses
   
268,399
     
331,079
     
(1,419
)
   
42,000
     
(48,086
)
   
591,973
   
Operating income
   
74,086
     
31,561
     
1,419
     
(43,778
)
   
22,088
     
85,376
   
                                                          
Interest expense, net
   
7,355
     
30,589
     
(4,219
)
   
-
     
-
     
33,725
 
(e)
Other income (expense), net
   
1,859
     
80
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
1,939
   
Income (loss) before taxes
   
68,590
     
1,052
     
5,638
     
(43,778
)
   
22,088
     
53,590
   
                                                          
Income tax expense (benefit)
   
27,726
     
2,187
     
2,255
     
(17,511
)
   
8,835
     
23,492
 
(f)
                                                          
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
40,864
   
$
(1,135
)
 
$
3,383
   
$
(26,267
)
 
$
13,253
   
$
30,098
   
                                                          
Net income (loss) from continuing operations per share:
                                       
Basic
 
$
0.84
   
$
(0.10
)
                         
$
0.62
   
Diluted
 
$
0.83
   
$
(0.10
)
                         
$
0.61
   
                                          
Weighted average shares outstanding:
                                       
Basic
   
48,388
     
21,257
     
76
                     
48,464
   
Diluted
   
49,024
     
21,257
     
380
                     
49,404
   
 

NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Basis of Presentation

The historical consolidated financial information has been adjusted, in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X, to give pro forma effect to events that are (i) directly attributable to the transaction, (ii) factually supportable, and (iii) with respect to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined consolidated statements of operations, expected to have a continuing impact on the combined results.  The pro forma adjustments are preliminary and based on estimates of the fair value and useful lives of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and have been prepared to illustrate the estimated effect of the transaction and certain other adjustments related to the exchange with Sprint and changes in the affiliate contract with Sprint, as amended on January 1, 2016.  The unaudited pro forma condensed combined consolidated financial information does not reflect any integration activities or cost savings from operating efficiencies, synergies, asset dispositions or other events that could result from the acquisition.

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed of nTelos are recorded at the acquisition date fair values.  The pro forma adjustments are preliminary and based on estimates of the fair value and useful lives of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of March 31, 2016, and have been prepared to illustrate the estimated effect of the transaction.  The allocation is dependent upon certain valuation and other studies that have not yet been completed.  Accordingly, the pro forma purchase price allocation is subject to further adjustments as additional information becomes available and as additional analyses and final valuations are conducted following completion of the transaction.  There can be no assurances that these additional analyses and final valuations will not result in material changes to the estimates of fair value set forth below.

In connection with the acquisition, the Company borrowed $810.0 million in term loans with a weighted average effective interest rate of approximately 3.84%.  The proceeds were used to finance in part the acquisition, including the repayment of the Company’s term loan of $195.5 million, and the repayment of nTelos’ term loans at the outstanding principal amount of $519.7 million, without penalty.  The Company incurred approximately $24.1 million of financing fees, which are presented as a reduction of long-term debt and are amortized through interest expense in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined consolidated statements of operations.

We have incurred and expect to incur transaction and integration expenditures, excluding financing fees described above, in the range of approximately $106.0 million to $136.0 million, which includes amounts for severance and change in control payments, and transition and integration costs related to the acquisition.  These charges have been excluded from the unaudited pro forma condensed combined consolidated statement of operations.

The pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined consolidated financial information are as follows:

Purchase Price Components:

Purchase of nTelos common stock (22,443,000 shares at $9.25 per share)
 
$
207,600
 
Debt assumed at acquisition and immediately repaid
   
519,700
 
Cash acquired
   
(74,000
)
Purchase of nTelos’ subsidiary noncontrolling interest *
   
10,400
 
Purchase price
 
$
663,700
 

*Represents the fair value of noncontrolling interest in nTelos’ subsidiary.  Consideration was paid by the Company in a fixed number of shares of Shentel common stock and is to be delivered over a five year period in equal installments.
 

Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation:

The following table sets forth a preliminary allocation of the estimated purchase consideration to the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed of nTelos, with the excess recorded as goodwill (dollars in thousands):

Current and other assets
 
$
93,401
 
Property, plant and equipment
   
229,100
 
Goodwill
   
166,250
 
Spectrum licenses
   
198,200
 
Customer based contract rights
   
198,200
 
Contract based intangible assets
   
11,000
 
Total assets
 
$
896,151
 
         
Current liabilities less long term debt
 
$
40,505
 
Deferred tax liabilities
   
146,538
 
Other long-term liabilities
   
45,408
 
Total liabilities
 
$
232,451
 
         
Purchase Price
 
$
663,700
 

Acquisition date fair values for property, plant and equipment were calculated utilizing a cost approach that estimates the fair value of property, plant and equipment needed to replace the functionality provided by the existing property and equipment.  The estimated acquisition date fair values of property and equipment reflect a significant decrease in the carrying value of nTelos’ property and equipment due to advances in telecommunications equipment and technology allowing a market participant to utilize a smaller quantity of property and equipment in a wireless network to achieve the same functionality.  The acquired assets will be depreciated over the estimated remaining useful life on a straight-line basis.  The value of each is noted below (dollars in thousands):

 
Useful Life
 
Adjusted Basis
 
Land
   
$
1,600
 
Buildings and structures
15-30 years
   
6,800
 
Equipment and software
1-12 years
   
176,500
 
Plant under construction
     
39,000
 
Total property, plant and equipment
   
$
223,900
*
 
*Excludes assets held for sale of $5,200

Sprint Exchange:

Immediately after acquiring nTelos, the Company exchanged spectrum licenses valued at $198.2 million and customer based contract rights, valued at $198.2, acquired from nTelos with Sprint, and received an expansion of its affiliate service territory to include most of the service area served by nTelos, valued at $258.1 million, as well as additional customer based contract rights, valued at $138.3 million, relating to nTelos’ and Sprint’s legacy customers in the Company’s affiliate service territory. The value of the affiliate contract expansion is based on changes to in the amended affiliate agreement, including the expanded territory in the nTelos service area, the extension of the affiliate contract with Sprint, the commitment to upgrade certain coverage and capacity in its newly acquired service area, the waiver of its net service fee charged by Sprint for the first six years of the amended affiliate agreement, as well as other items defined in the amended affiliate agreement.
 

Intangible Assets:
Intangible assets resulting from the acquisition and the Sprint exchange, both described above, are noted below (dollars in thousands):

Useful Life
 
Basis
 
Affiliate contract expansion
14 years
 
$
258,100
 
           
Customer based contract rights
  4-10 years
 
$
138,300
 
Contract based intangible assets
  3-19 years
 
 
11,000
 
Total customer and contract relationships
   
$
149,300
 

The affiliate contract expansion intangible asset will be amortized on a straight-line basis and recorded as a contra-revenue over the 14 year contract term.  The contract based intangible assets will be amortized on a straight-line basis and recorded through amortization expense.  The customer based contract rights will be amortized over the life of the customers, gradually decreasing over the expected life of this asset, and recorded through amortization expense.  The impact of the amortization resulting from this accelerated method of amortization is shown below:

   
Year 1
   
Year 2
   
Year 3
   
Year 4
   
Year 5
 
Amortization
 
$
42,000
   
$
32,100
   
$
24,400
   
$
19,100
   
$
15,600
 
 
Unaudited Condensed Combined Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2016:

(a) Reflects the net effect of the net proceeds received from borrowings under the new term loans, the repayment of the outstanding principal related to existing debt of nTelos and the Company, and cash consideration paid in conjunction with the acquisition.

(b) Reflects the acquisition method of accounting based on the estimated fair value of the assets and liabilities of nTelos and the elimination of nTelos’ historical stockholders’ equity (deficit) accounts.

(c) Reflects the repayment of the outstanding principal of nTelos and the Company, offset by new borrowings, net of deferred financing fees.

(d) Reflects the change in net deferred tax liabilities as a result of recording the acquired assets and assumed liabilities.

(e) Reflects the elimination of nTelos’ deferred revenue related to nTelos’ wholesale agreement of $21.4 million, the elimination of deferred gains on sales of towers by nTelos of $15.8 million, and the net impact of adjusting the asset retirement obligations of nTelos to reflect the Company’s estimates used of $7.8 million, partially offset by consideration not remitted to certain nTelos shareholders of $9.4 million.

(f) Reflects the elimination of nTelos’ historical stockholders’ equity (deficit) accounts eliminated as part of the acquisition.

(g) Reflects the exchange of intangible assets with Sprint as discussed above.

(h) Reflects the estimated transaction costs of nTelos and the Company that have not been incurred through March 31, 2016.

(i) Reflects the reclassification of financing fees, incurred by the Company prior to receiving the borrowings in connection with the acquisition.
 

Unaudited Condensed Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2015 and the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016:

(a) Reflects the changes to revenue due to conversion of nTelos to the Company’s affiliate agreement and the changes of the amended affiliate agreement:
  i. As part of the Company’s amended affiliate agreement, Sprint agreed to waive the net service fee, which is historically presented as a contra-revenue by the Company, for a period of approximately six years.  The impact of Sprint’s waiver of the net service fee over the approximate six-year period is reflected as an increase in revenue, offset by the non-cash adjustment to recognize this impact on a straight-line basis over the contract term of approximately 14 years.
ii. Pursuant to the intangible asset exchange with Sprint, as described above, the Company recognized an intangible asset for the affiliate contract expansion received.  Consistent with the presentation of related service fees charged by Sprint, the Company recognizes the amortization of this intangible as a contra-revenue over the contract term of approximately 14 years.
iii. The net service fee charged by Sprint on the nTelos legacy subscribers under the amended affiliate agreement.  This fee is presented as a contra-revenue by the Company.
iv. The elimination of nTelos’ wholesale revenues related to its wholesale contract with Sprint which was cancelled immediately after the closing of the acquisition.
v. The elimination of certain nTelos device revenues that will be recognized by Sprint under the affiliate agreement
vi. The additional revenue associated with Sprint’s subscribers previously serviced by nTelos under the wholesale agreement, and are incorporated into the Company’s affiliate agreement.
vii. The additional device revenue associated with Sprint’s national sales channel, which was previously included in the higher net service fee described below.
viii. The additional revenue associated with retail travel revenues due to the expanded territory covered under the amended affiliate agreement.
ix. The reduction in the net service fee on the Company’s subscriber revenues from 14% to 8.6% as a result of the amended affiliate agreement, as discussed above.

      
Three Months
Ended March 31,
2015
   
Twelve Months
Ended December 31,
2015
 
 
Changes due to the Sprint Exchange:
           
i
Net service fee waiver
 
$
10,000
   
$
40,000
 
i
Non-cash straight-line adjustment
   
(5,500
)
   
(22,000
)
 
Net change due to the waived net service fee
   
4,500
     
18,000
 
ii
Amortization of the affiliate contract expansion
   
(4,944
)
   
(19,778
)
 
Net change due to the Sprint Exchange
 
(444
)
 
(1,778
)
                   
 
Changes due to the Affiliate Agreement Amendment:
               
iii
Net service fee on nTelos’ service revenue
 
(5,406
)
 
(23,733
)
iv
nTelos’ wholesale contract revenue with Sprint
   
(32,418
)
   
(137,220
)
v
nTelos’ device revenues
   
(16,286
)
   
(47,145
)
 
Decreases to Revenues
 
(54,110
)
 
$
208,098
 
                   
vi
Sprint subscribers (previously under nTelos’ wholesale contract)
 
$
33,000
   
$
132,000
 
vii
Device revenue from Sprints national sales channel
   
2,925
     
20,400
 
viii
Travel revenues
   
4,500
     
18,000
 
ix
Reduction in net service fee
   
9,600
     
11,700
 
 
Increases to Revenues
 
$
50,025
   
$
182,100
 
                   
 
Net change due to the Affiliate Agreement Amendment
 
(4,085
)
 
(25,998
)
 

(b) Reflects the changes in cost of goods and services as follows:
i. The elimination of nTelos’ device cost of goods that will be recognized by Sprint under our affiliate agreement.
ii. The additional device costs associated with Sprint’s national sales channel, which were previously included in the higher net service fee described above.

 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2015
   
Twelve Months Ended
December 31, 2015
 
nTelos device costs
 
(17,299
)
 
(62,753
)
Device costs from Sprints national sales channel
   
6,400
     
25,600
 
Net change in cost of goods sold
 
(10,899
)
 
(37,153
)

(c) Reflects the changes in selling, general and administrative as follows:
i. The elimination of non-recurring transaction related expenses incurred during the historical period by the Company and nTelos, primarily investment banking and legal fees.
ii. The elimination of nTelos’ operating costs associated with billing and customer care for nTelos’ legacy customers which approximates the amount Sprint will charge for these services through the net service fee under the amended affiliate agreement. This fee is recorded as a contra-revenue.
iii. The additional commission expense associated with Sprint’s national sales channel, which was previously included in the higher net service fee.

   
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2015
   
Twelve Months Ended
December 31, 2015
 
Non-recurring transaction expenses
 
(539
)
 
(7,317
)
                 
nTelos’ operating costs
 
(5,406
)
 
(23,733
)
Commissions from Sprints national sales channel
   
3,200
     
12,800
 
Net change of the affiliate agreement amendment
 
(2,206
)
 
(10,933
)
                 
Net change in selling, general and administrative
 
(2,745
)
 
(18,250
)

(d) Reflects the changes in depreciation and amortization due to the acquisition of nTelos and the Sprint exchange.
i. Historical depreciation expense was reduced for the fair value adjustment decreasing the basis of property, plant and equipment.  This decrease was offset by a shorter estimated useful life to conform to Company’s standard policy and the acceleration of depreciation on certain equipment.
ii. Incremental amortization due to the customer based contract rights associated with acquired customers in the exchange.

   
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2015
   
Twelve Months Ended
December 31, 2015
 
nTelos historical depreciation and amortization
 
(13,486
)
 
(55,102
)
Depreciation of acquired assets
   
14,961
     
61,000
 
Amortization due to the Sprint Exchange
   
10,500
     
42,000
 
Net change in depreciation and amortization
 
$
11,975
   
$
50,898
 

(e) Reflects the impact in interest expense due to the reduction in interest rate, offset by the incremental borrowings to fund the acquisition, as described above.

(f) Reflects the tax effect of adjustments above at the blended federal and state statutory tax rate of 39%.