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EX-99.2 - EXHIBIT 99.2 - Western Refining, Inc.earningscall-wnrx123115.htm
8-K - 8-K - Western Refining, Inc.wnr8-kxearningsreleasex123.htm


FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Exhibit 99.1
 
 
Investor and Analyst Contact:
Media Contact:
Jeffrey S. Beyersdorfer
Gary W. Hanson
(602) 286-1530
(602) 286-1777
 
 
Michelle Clemente
 
(602) 286-1533
 
        
WESTERN REFINING REPORTS FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL YEAR 2015 RESULTS

• Record year for refining throughput, retail fuel volumes, and merchandise sales
• Expanded logistics assets in Delaware Basin and Four Corners, resulting in highly integrated crude oil distribution network
• Sold TexNew Mex pipeline to WNRL for cash and WNRL units
• Entered into a merger agreement with Northern Tier Energy to purchase remaining publicly-held units
• Returned $234 million to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases in 2015
• Announced Q1 2016 dividend of $0.38 per share, a 27% increase versus Q1 2015

 
EL PASO, Texas - February 25, 2016 - Western Refining, Inc. (NYSE: WNR) today reported results for the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2015. Net income attributable to Western, excluding special items, was $52.2 million, or $0.56 per diluted share. This compares to fourth quarter 2014 net income, excluding special items, of $116.8 million, or $1.19 per diluted share. Including special items, the Company recorded fourth quarter 2015 net income attributable to Western Refining, Inc. of $13.5 million, or $0.14 per diluted share, as compared to net income of $130.9 million, or $1.33 per diluted share for the fourth quarter of 2014. Special items primarily consisted of a non-cash, pre-tax, lower of cost or market inventory adjustment. A reconciliation of reported earnings and description of special items can be found in the accompanying financial tables.
Western recorded full year 2015 net income attributable to Western Refining, Inc. of $406.8 million, or $4.28 per diluted share compared to full year 2014 net income of $559.9 million, or $5.61 per diluted share.
Jeff Stevens, Western's President and Chief Executive Officer, said, "Western had a successful 2015 despite a volatile crude oil pricing environment and challenging fourth quarter. We had good, reliable operations at both the El Paso and Gallup refineries as we increased refinery throughput to record levels. Additionally, our retail operations achieved record levels in fuel volumes, merchandise sales, and profitability. On a standalone basis, Western invested $127 million in discretionary capital during the year primarily to expand our logistics capabilities in the Permian and San Juan Basins. We now have a fully integrated crude oil pipeline logistics system able to move crude oil south to either our El Paso refinery or eastward to Midland and the Gulf Coast. Additionally, we continued to balance capital investment with returning cash to shareholders, and in 2015, we returned approximately $234 million in cash to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases."
Stevens concluded, "In 2016, we will remain focused on safe and reliable operations and maximizing operational efficiencies while managing our costs. We will continue to take a disciplined approach in evaluating growth opportunities balanced with returning cash to shareholders. We continue to maximize the benefits of our investments in NTI and WNRL. Overall, we have expanded and enhanced our asset base which provides





us maximum flexibility in these volatile market conditions. We believe that Western is well positioned for 2016."
Conference Call Information
A conference call is scheduled for Thursday, February 25, 2016, at 10:00 am ET to discuss Western's financial results for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2015. A slide presentation will be available for reference during the conference call. The call, press release, and slide presentation can be accessed on the Investor Relations section on Western's website, www.wnr.com. The call can also be heard by dialing (866) 566-8590 or (702) 224-9819, passcode: 4417251. The audio replay will be available two hours after the end of the call through March 10, 2016, by dialing (800) 585-8367 or (404) 537-3406, passcode: 4417251.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In a number of places in the press release and related tables, we have excluded certain income and expense items from GAAP measures. The excluded items are generally non-cash in nature such as unrealized net gains and losses from commodity hedging activities or losses on disposal of assets; however, other items that have a cash impact, such as gains on disposal of assets are also excluded. We believe it is useful for investors and financial analysts to understand our financial performance excluding such items so that they can see the operating trends underlying our business. Readers of this press release should not consider these non-GAAP measures in isolation from, or as a substitute for, the financial information that we report in accordance with GAAP.
About Western Refining
Western Refining, Inc. is an independent refining and marketing company headquartered in El Paso, Texas. The refining segment operates refineries in El Paso and Gallup, New Mexico. The retail segment includes retail service stations, convenience stores, and unmanned fleet fueling locations in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas.
Western Refining, Inc. owns the general partner and approximately 66% of the limited partnership interest of Western Refining Logistics, LP (NYSE:WNRL). Western Refining, Inc. also owns the general partner and approximately 38% of the limited partnership interest in Northern Tier Energy LP (NYSE:NTI).
More information about Western Refining is available at www.wnr.com.
Cautionary Statement on Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements which are protected as forward-looking statements under the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The forward-looking statements reflect Western’s current expectations regarding future events, results or outcomes. The forward-looking statements contained herein include statements related to, among other things: crude oil pricing environment; the focus on safe and reliable operations while maximizing operational efficiencies and managing costs; a disciplined approach in evaluating growth opportunities balanced with returning cash to shareholders; the ability to maximize investments in NTI and WNRL; the expansion of logistics capabilities in the Permian and San Juan Basins; the fully integrated crude oil pipeline logistics system and its ability to move crude oil south to either the El Paso refinery or eastward to Midland and the Gulf Coast; flexibility in volatile market conditions; the proposed merger with NTI; and the positioning of Western for 2016. These statements are subject to the general risks inherent in Western’s business. These expectations may or may not be realized and some of these expectations may be based upon assumptions or judgments that prove to be incorrect. In addition, Western’s business and operations involve numerous risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond its control, which could result in Western’s expectations not being realized, or otherwise materially affect Western’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Additional information relating to the uncertainties affecting Western's business is contained in its filings





with the Securities and Exchange Commission to which you are referred. The forward-looking statements are only as of the date made. Except as required by law, Western does not undertake any obligation to (and expressly disclaims any obligation to) update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date such statements were made, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.






Consolidated Financial Data
We report our operating results in four business segments: refining, NTI, WNRL and retail.
Refining. Our refining segment owns and operates two refineries in the Southwest that process crude oil and other feedstocks primarily into gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel and asphalt. We market refined products to a diverse customer base including wholesale distributors and retail chains. The refining segment also sells refined products in the Mid-Atlantic region and Mexico.
NTI. NTI owns and operates refining and transportation assets and operates and supports retail convenience stores primarily in the Upper Great Plains region of the U.S.
WNRL. WNRL owns and operates terminal, storage, transportation and wholesale assets consisting of a fleet of crude oil and refined product truck transports and wholesale petroleum product operations in the Southwest region. We are WNRL's primary customer through our refining and retail segments. WNRL purchases its wholesale product supply from the refining segment and third-party suppliers.
Retail. Our retail segment operates retail convenience stores and unmanned commercial fleet fueling locations located in the Southwest. The retail convenience stores sell gasoline, diesel fuel and convenience store merchandise.
The following tables set forth our unaudited summary historical financial and operating data for the periods indicated below:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands, except per share data)
Statements of Operations Data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales (1)
$
2,070,324

 
$
3,024,816

 
$
9,787,036

 
$
15,153,573

Operating costs and expenses:
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Cost of products sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) (1)
1,706,406

 
2,448,502

 
7,521,375

 
12,719,963

Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) (1)
228,451

 
230,639

 
902,925

 
850,634

Selling, general and administrative expenses
55,437

 
55,442

 
225,245

 
226,020

Affiliate severance costs

 

 

 
12,878

Loss (gain) and impairments on disposal of assets, net
208

 
7,591

 
51

 
8,530

Maintenance turnaround expense
836

 
140

 
2,024

 
48,469

Depreciation and amortization
52,845

 
49,398

 
205,291

 
190,566

Total operating costs and expenses
2,044,183

 
2,791,712

 
8,856,911

 
14,057,060

Operating income
26,141

 
233,104

 
930,125

 
1,096,513

Other income (expense):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
153

 
289

 
703

 
1,188

Interest expense and other financing costs
(26,434
)
 
(22,054
)
 
(105,603
)
 
(97,062
)
Loss on extinguishment of debt

 

 

 
(9
)
Other, net
1,604

 
2,397

 
13,161

 
2,046

Income (loss) before income taxes
1,464

 
213,736

 
838,386

 
1,002,676

Provision for income taxes
6,034

 
(69,285
)
 
(223,955
)
 
(292,604
)
Net income
7,498

 
144,451

 
614,431

 
710,072

Less net income (loss) attributed to non-controlling interests (2)
(6,047
)
 
13,516

 
207,675

 
150,146

Net income attributable to Western Refining, Inc.
$
13,545

 
$
130,935

 
$
406,756

 
$
559,926

Basic earnings per share
$
0.14

 
$
1.34

 
$
4.28

 
$
6.17

Diluted earnings per share (3)
0.14

 
1.33

 
4.28

 
5.61

Dividends declared per common share
0.38

 
2.30

 
1.36

 
3.08

Weighted average basic shares outstanding
93,683

 
98,029

 
94,899

 
90,708

Weighted average dilutive shares outstanding
93,785

 
79,720

 
94,999

 
101,190






 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands)
Economic Hedging Activities Recognized Within Cost of Products Sold
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized commodity hedging gain, net
$
41,374

 
$
51,059

 
$
93,699

 
$
95,331

Unrealized commodity hedging gain (loss), net
(8,160
)
 
58,052

 
(50,233
)
 
194,423

Total realized and unrealized commodity hedging gain, net
$
33,214

 
$
109,111

 
$
43,466

 
$
289,754

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Flow Data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash provided by (used in):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating activities
$
177,419

 
$
243,575

 
$
843,083

 
$
737,633

Investing activities
(157,392
)
 
(238,828
)
 
(191,846
)
 
(380,864
)
Financing activities
42,905

 
(223,742
)
 
(309,894
)
 
(393,680
)
Capital expenditures
$
94,887

 
$
76,017

 
$
290,863

 
$
223,271

Cash distributions received by Western from:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NTI
$
37,047

 
$
35,623

 
$
135,365

 
$
96,537

WNRL
12,610

 
9,833

 
45,455

 
35,043

Other Data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted EBITDA (4)
$
203,614

 
$
313,421

 
$
1,298,124

 
$
1,231,443

Balance Sheet Data (at end of period)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
$
772,502

 
$
431,159

Restricted cash
 
 
 
 
69,106

 
167,009

Working capital
 
 
 
 
1,114,366

 
812,711

Total assets
 
 
 
 
5,833,393

 
5,642,186

Total debt and lease financing obligation
 
 
 
 
1,703,626

 
1,507,654

Total equity
 
 
 
 
2,945,906

 
2,787,644

(1)
Excludes $704.9 million, $3,222.2 million, $902.9 million and $4,390.7 million of intercompany sales; $704.9 million, $3,222.2 million, $898.6 million and $4,374.1 million of intercompany cost of products sold for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $4.3 million and $16.6 million of intercompany direct operating expenses for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2014, respectively, with no comparable activity for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2015.
(2)
Net income (loss) attributed to non-controlling interests for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, consisted of income from NTI of $(11.0) million, $186.5 million, $7.1 million and $131.9 million, respectively. Net income attributed to non-controlling interest for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, consisted of income from WNRL of $5.0 million, $21.2 million, $6.4 million and $18.2 million, respectively.
(3)
Our computation of diluted earnings per share includes the 2014 dilutive effect of our Convertible Senior Unsecured Notes, redeemed during 2014, and any unvested restricted shares and share units. If determined to be dilutive to period earnings, these securities are included in the denominator of our diluted earnings per share calculation. For purposes of the diluted earnings per share calculation, we assumed issuance of 0.1 million restricted share units for both the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2015. We assumed issuance of 0.1 million restricted shares and share units for both the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2014 and assumed issuance of 10.3 million shares related to the Convertible Senior Notes for the twelve months ended December 31, 2014.
(4)
Adjusted EBITDA represents earnings before interest expense and other financing costs, amortization of loan fees, provision for income taxes, depreciation, amortization, maintenance turnaround expense and certain other non-cash income and expense items. However, Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized measurement under United States generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). Our management believes that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors because it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry. In addition, our management believes that Adjusted EBITDA is useful in evaluating our operating performance compared to that of other companies in our industry because the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA generally eliminates the effects of financings, income taxes, the accounting effects of significant turnaround activities (that





many of our competitors capitalize and thereby exclude from their measures of EBITDA) and certain non-cash charges that are items that may vary for different companies for reasons unrelated to overall operating performance.
Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for significant turnaround activities, capital expenditures or contractual commitments;
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the interest expense or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our debt;
Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; and
Adjusted EBITDA, as we calculate it, may differ from the Adjusted EBITDA calculations of other companies in our industry, thereby limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.
Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using Adjusted EBITDA only supplementally. The following table reconciles net income attributable to Western Refining, Inc. to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Twelve Months Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands)
Net income attributable to Western
$
13,545

 
$
130,935

 
$
406,756

 
$
559,926

Net income (loss) attributed to non-controlling interests
(6,047
)
 
13,516

 
207,675

 
150,146

Interest expense and other financing costs
26,434

 
22,054

 
105,603

 
97,062

Provision for income taxes
(6,034
)
 
69,285

 
223,955

 
292,604

Depreciation and amortization
52,845

 
49,398

 
205,291

 
190,566

Maintenance turnaround expense
836

 
140

 
2,024

 
48,469

Loss (gain) and impairments on disposal of assets, net
208

 
7,591

 
51

 
8,530

Loss on extinguishment of debt

 

 

 
9

Net change in lower of cost or market inventory reserve
113,667

 
78,554

 
96,536

 
78,554

Unrealized loss (gain) on commodity hedging transactions, net
8,160

 
(58,052
)
 
50,233

 
(194,423
)
Adjusted EBITDA
$
203,614

 
$
313,421

 
$
1,298,124

 
$
1,231,443

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted EBITDA by Reporting Entity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western Adjusted EBITDA
$
89,405

 
$
170,235

 
$
712,502

 
$
763,829

NTI Adjusted EBITDA
86,527

 
118,260

 
479,238

 
397,061

WNRL Adjusted EBITDA
27,682

 
24,926

 
106,384

 
70,553

Adjusted EBITDA
$
203,614

 
$
313,421

 
$
1,298,124

 
$
1,231,443






 
Three Months Ended
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
Western
 
WNRL
 
NTI
 
Western
 
WNRL
 
NTI
 
(Unaudited)
 
 (In thousands)
Net income (loss) attributable to Western Refining, Inc.
$
9,840

 
$
9,846

 
$
(6,141
)
 
$
111,475

 
$
12,458

 
$
7,002

Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests

 
4,996

 
(11,043
)
 

 
6,361

 
7,155

Interest expense and other financing costs
14,310

 
6,691

 
5,433

 
13,985

 
1,286

 
6,783

Provision for income taxes
(5,727
)
 
(307
)
 

 
69,165

 
120

 

Depreciation and amortization
26,257

 
6,477

 
20,111

 
25,205

 
4,478

 
19,715

Maintenance turnaround expense
836

 

 

 
140

 

 

Loss (gain) and impairments on disposal of assets, net
176

 
(21
)
 
53

 
7,359

 
223

 
9

Net change in lower of cost or market inventory reserve
40,689

 

 
72,978

 
4,883

 

 
73,671

Unrealized loss (gain) on commodity hedging transactions, net
3,024

 

 
5,136

 
(61,977
)
 

 
3,925

Adjusted EBITDA
$
89,405

 
$
27,682

 
$
86,527

 
$
170,235

 
$
24,926

 
$
118,260

 
Twelve Months Ended
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
Western
 
WNRL
 
NTI
 
Western
 
WNRL
 
NTI
 
(Unaudited)
 
 (In thousands)
Net income attributable to Western Refining, Inc.
$
242,234

 
$
41,418

 
$
123,104

 
$
436,300

 
$
34,787

 
$
88,839

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests

 
21,155

 
186,520

 

 
18,205

 
131,941

Interest expense and other financing costs
56,821

 
23,107

 
25,675

 
71,345

 
2,359

 
23,358

Provision for income taxes
223,908

 
47

 

 
292,145

 
459

 

Depreciation and amortization
105,619

 
20,935

 
78,737

 
99,502

 
14,520

 
76,544

Maintenance turnaround expense
2,024

 

 

 
48,469

 

 

Loss (gain) and impairments on disposal of assets, net
620

 
(278
)
 
(291
)
 
8,399

 
223

 
(92
)
Loss on extinguishment of debt

 

 

 
9

 

 

Net change in lower of cost or market inventory reserve
35,806

 

 
60,730

 
4,883

 

 
73,671

Unrealized loss (gain) on commodity hedging transactions, net
45,470

 

 
4,763

 
(197,223
)
 

 
2,800

Adjusted EBITDA
$
712,502

 
$
106,384

 
$
479,238

 
$
763,829

 
$
70,553

 
$
397,061











Consolidating Financial Data
The following tables set forth our consolidating historical financial data for the periods presented below.
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands, except per share data)
Operating Income (Loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western, excluding NTI and WNRL
$
17,331

 
$
194,400

 
$
522,082

 
$
799,493

NTI
(12,401
)
 
18,494

 
322,382

 
241,229

WNRL
21,211

 
20,210

 
85,661

 
55,791

Operating income
$
26,141

 
$
233,104

 
$
930,125

 
$
1,096,513

Depreciation and Amortization
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western, excluding NTI and WNRL
$
26,257

 
$
25,205

 
$
105,619

 
$
99,502

NTI
20,111

 
19,715

 
78,737

 
76,544

WNRL
6,477

 
4,478

 
20,935

 
14,520

Depreciation and amortization expense
$
52,845

 
$
49,398

 
$
205,291

 
$
190,566

Capital Expenditures


 


 


 


Western, excluding NTI and WNRL
$
49,708

 
$
60,478

 
$
187,954

 
$
161,968

NTI
36,558

 
10,556

 
71,825

 
44,895

WNRL
8,621

 
4,983

 
31,084

 
16,408

Capital expenditures
$
94,887

 
$
76,017

 
$
290,863

 
$
223,271

Balance Sheet Data (at end of period)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western, excluding NTI and WNRL
 
 
 
 
$
656,987

 
$
289,007

NTI
 
 
 
 
70,910

 
87,854

WNRL
 
 
 
 
44,605

 
54,298

Cash and cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
$
772,502

 
$
431,159

Total debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western, excluding NTI and WNRL
 
 
 
 
$
861,827

 
$
861,037

NTI
 
 
 
 
351,100

 
352,112

WNRL
 
 
 
 
437,467

 
267,016

Total debt
 
 
 
 
$
1,650,394

 
$
1,480,165

Total working capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western, excluding NTI and WNRL
 
 
 
 
$
920,822

 
$
558,983

NTI
 
 
 
 
156,875

 
203,647

WNRL
 
 
 
 
36,669

 
50,081

Total working capital
 
 
 
 
$
1,114,366

 
$
812,711









Refining
El Paso and Gallup Refineries and Related Operations
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands, except per barrel data)
Statement of Operations Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales (including intersegment sales) (1)
$
1,277,517

 
$
1,918,993

 
$
6,233,330

 
$
9,485,734

Operating costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of products sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) (7)
1,136,045

 
1,596,601

 
5,234,779

 
8,175,332

Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
77,555

 
81,008

 
307,617

 
305,279

Selling, general and administrative expenses
7,757

 
6,770

 
31,968

 
28,470

Loss (gain) and impairments on disposal of assets, net

 
7,427

 
495

 
8,202

Maintenance turnaround expense
836

 
140

 
2,024

 
48,469

Depreciation and amortization
20,550

 
20,780

 
81,180

 
78,911

Total operating costs and expenses
1,242,743

 
1,712,726

 
5,658,063

 
8,644,663

Operating income
$
34,774

 
$
206,267

 
$
575,267

 
$
841,071

Key Operating Statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total sales volume (bpd) (2)
233,134

 
222,479

 
237,054

 
217,640

Total refinery production (bpd)
151,719

 
156,637

 
159,691

 
152,942

Total refinery throughput (bpd) (3)
153,470

 
158,231

 
161,807

 
155,019

Per barrel of throughput:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refinery gross margin (4) (5) (7)
$
9.82

 
$
22.13

 
$
16.84

 
$
23.11

Direct operating expenses (6)
5.49

 
5.56

 
5.20

 
5.39

Mid-Atlantic sales volume (bbls)
1,759

 
1,705

 
8,356

 
8,588

Mid-Atlantic margin per barrel
$
1.61

 
$
0.12

 
$
0.46

 
$
0.32

El Paso and Gallup Refineries
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Key Operating Statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refinery product yields (bpd):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gasoline
86,044

 
83,869

 
87,266

 
79,279

Diesel and jet fuel
56,541

 
62,370

 
62,076

 
63,359

Residuum
2,524

 
4,763

 
4,174

 
5,121

Other
6,610

 
5,635

 
6,175

 
5,183

Total refinery production (bpd)
151,719

 
156,637

 
159,691

 
152,942

Refinery throughput (bpd):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sweet crude oil
121,744

 
123,414

 
129,135

 
121,514

Sour or heavy crude oil
22,634

 
25,922

 
22,949

 
25,113

Other feedstocks and blendstocks
9,092

 
8,895

 
9,723

 
8,392

Total refinery throughput (bpd) (3)
153,470

 
158,231

 
161,807

 
155,019






El Paso Refinery
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Key Operating Statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refinery product yields (bpd):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gasoline
68,976

 
66,253

 
70,200

 
62,252

Diesel and jet fuel
48,972

 
53,285

 
54,082

 
54,501

Residuum
2,524

 
4,763

 
4,174

 
5,121

Other
5,964

 
4,191

 
4,872

 
3,740

Total refinery production (bpd)
126,436

 
128,492

 
133,328

 
125,614

Refinery throughput (bpd):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sweet crude oil
99,765

 
97,874

 
105,064

 
96,384

Sour crude oil
22,634

 
25,922

 
22,949

 
25,113

Other feedstocks and blendstocks
5,459

 
5,828

 
7,064

 
5,739

Total refinery throughput (bpd) (3)
127,858

 
129,624

 
135,077

 
127,236

Total sales volume (bpd) (2)
144,423

 
140,299

 
148,897

 
139,216

Per barrel of throughput:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refinery gross margin (4) (7)
$
9.55

 
$
14.99

 
$
16.48

 
$
18.34

Direct operating expenses (6)
4.22

 
4.55

 
4.02

 
4.37

Gallup Refinery
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Key Operating Statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refinery product yields (bpd):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gasoline
17,068

 
17,616

 
17,066

 
17,027

Diesel and jet fuel
7,569

 
9,085

 
7,994

 
8,858

Other
646

 
1,444

 
1,303

 
1,443

Total refinery production (bpd)
25,283

 
28,145

 
26,363

 
27,328

Refinery throughput (bpd):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sweet crude oil
21,979

 
25,540

 
24,071

 
25,130

Other feedstocks and blendstocks
3,633

 
3,067

 
2,659

 
2,653

Total refinery throughput (bpd) (3)
25,612

 
28,607

 
26,730

 
27,783

Total sales volume (bpd) (2)
32,014

 
34,429

 
33,005

 
34,300

Per barrel of throughput:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refinery gross margin (4) (7)
$
13.61

 
$
16.56

 
$
18.34

 
$
16.55

Direct operating expenses (6)
8.60

 
7.90

 
8.38

 
8.40

(1)
Refining net sales for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, includes $222.0 million, $975.8 million, $325.8 million and $1,489.6 million, respectively, representing a period average of 56,697 bpd, 55,152 bpd, 47,751 bpd and 44,124, respectively. The majority of the crude oil sales resulted from the purchase of barrels in excess of what was required for production purposes in the El Paso and Gallup refineries.
(2)
Sales volume includes sales of refined products sourced primarily from our refinery production as well as refined products purchased from third parties. We purchase additional refined products from third parties to supplement supply to our customers. These products are similar to the products that we currently manufacture and represented 7.9%, 9.1%, 8.5% and 9.8% of our total consolidated sales volumes for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The majority of the purchased refined products are distributed through our refined product sales activities in





the Mid-Atlantic region where we satisfy our refined product customer sales requirements through a third-party supply agreement.
(3)
Total refinery throughput includes crude oil, other feedstocks and blendstocks.
(4)
Refinery gross margin is a per barrel measurement calculated by dividing the difference between net sales and cost of products sold by our refineries’ total throughput volumes for the respective periods presented. Net realized and net non-cash unrealized economic hedging gains and losses included in the combined refining segment gross margin are not allocated to the individual refineries. Cost of products sold does not include any depreciation or amortization. Refinery gross margin is a non-GAAP performance measure that we believe is important to investors in evaluating our refinery performance as a general indication of the amount above our cost of products that we are able to sell refined products. Each of the components used in this calculation (net sales and cost of products sold) can be reconciled directly to our statement of operations. Our calculation of refinery gross margin may differ from similar calculations of other companies in our industry, thereby limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.
Our calculation of refinery gross margin excludes the sales and costs related to our Mid-Atlantic business that we report within the refining segment. The following table reconciles the sales and cost of sales used to calculate refinery gross margin with the total sales and cost of sales reported in the refining statement of operations data above:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands)
Refinery net sales (including intersegment sales)
$
1,174,434

 
$
1,762,323

 
$
5,633,384

 
$
8,496,576

Mid-Atlantic sales
103,083

 
156,670

 
599,946

 
989,158

Net sales (including intersegment sales)
$
1,277,517

 
$
1,918,993

 
$
6,233,330

 
$
9,485,734

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refinery cost of products sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
$
1,035,794

 
$
1,440,144

 
$
4,638,664

 
$
7,188,928

Mid-Atlantic cost of products sold
100,251

 
156,457

 
596,115

 
986,404

Cost of products sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
$
1,136,045

 
$
1,596,601

 
$
5,234,779

 
$
8,175,332

The following table reconciles combined gross profit for our refineries to combined gross margin for our refineries for the periods presented:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands, except per barrel data)
Net sales (including intersegment sales)
$
1,174,434

 
$
1,762,323

 
$
5,633,384

 
$
8,496,576

Cost of products sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
1,035,794

 
1,440,144

 
4,638,664

 
7,188,928

Depreciation and amortization
20,550

 
20,780

 
81,180

 
78,911

Gross profit
118,090

 
301,399

 
913,540

 
1,228,737

Plus depreciation and amortization
20,550

 
20,780

 
81,180

 
78,911

Refinery gross margin
$
138,640

 
$
322,179

 
$
994,720

 
$
1,307,648

Refinery gross margin per refinery throughput barrel
$
9.82

 
$
22.13

 
$
16.84

 
$
23.11

Gross profit per refinery throughput barrel
$
8.36

 
$
20.70

 
$
15.47

 
$
21.72







(5)
Cost of products sold for the combined refining segment includes changes in the lower of cost or market inventory reserve shown in the table below. The reserve changes are also included in the combined refinery gross margin but are not included in those measures for the individual refineries. The following table calculates the refinery gross margin per refinery throughput barrel excluding changes in the lower of cost or market inventory reserve:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands, except per barrel data)
Refinery gross margin
$
138,640

 
$
322,179

 
$
994,720

 
$
1,307,648

Net change in lower of cost or market inventory reserve
40,689

 
4,883

 
35,806

 
4,883

Refinery gross margin, excluding LCM adjustment
$
179,329

 
$
327,062

 
$
1,030,526

 
$
1,312,531

Refinery gross margin, excluding LCM adjustment, per refinery throughput barrel
$
12.70

 
$
22.47

 
$
17.45

 
$
23.20

(6)
Refinery direct operating expenses per throughput barrel is calculated by dividing direct operating expenses by total throughput volumes for the respective periods presented. Direct operating expenses do not include any depreciation or amortization.
(7)
Cost of products sold for the combined refining segment includes the net realized and net non-cash unrealized hedging activity shown in the table below. The hedging gains and losses are also included in the combined gross profit and refinery gross margin but are not included in those measures for the individual refineries.
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands)
Realized hedging gain, net
$
40,862

 
$
41,538

 
$
92,137

 
$
82,937

Unrealized hedging gain (loss), net
(3,024
)
 
61,977

 
(45,470
)
 
197,223

Total hedging gain, net
$
37,838

 
$
103,515

 
$
46,667

 
$
280,160







NTI
The following table sets forth the summary operating results for NTI.
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands, except per barrel data)
Statement of Operations Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
$
653,535

 
$
953,925

 
$
3,002,156

 
$
5,159,657

Operating costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of products sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) (1)
550,377

 
807,601

 
2,213,325

 
4,439,512

Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
77,392

 
88,507

 
305,648

 
298,104

Selling, general and administrative expenses
18,003

 
19,599

 
82,355

 
91,482

Affiliate severance costs

 

 

 
12,878

Loss (gain) and impairments on disposal of assets, net
53

 
9

 
(291
)
 
(92
)
Depreciation and amortization
20,111

 
19,715

 
78,737

 
76,544

Total operating costs and expenses
665,936

 
935,431

 
2,679,774

 
4,918,428

Operating income (loss)
$
(12,401
)
 
$
18,494

 
$
322,382

 
$
241,229

Key Operating Statistics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total sales volume (bpd)
103,483

 
100,285

 
101,349

 
98,016

Total refinery production (bpd)
102,602

 
92,422

 
96,506

 
93,838

Total refinery throughput (bpd) (2)
102,377

 
91,964

 
96,515

 
93,525

Per barrel of throughput:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refinery gross margin (1) (3) (4)
$
6.23

 
$
11.54

 
$
17.16

 
$
15.91

Direct operating expenses (5)
4.63

 
5.91

 
4.71

 
4.77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail fuel gallons sold (in thousands)
76,811

 
77,324

 
304,484

 
306,777

Retail fuel margin per gallon (6)
$
0.23

 
$
0.28

 
$
0.23

 
$
0.22

Merchandise sales
87,343

 
85,055

 
366,401

 
349,145

Merchandise margin (7)
24.6
%
 
25.8
%
 
25.6
%
 
25.9
%
Company-operated retail outlets at period end
 
 
 
 
168

 
165

Franchised retail outlets at period end
 
 
 
 
109

 
89


(1)
Cost of products sold for NTI includes the net realized and net non-cash unrealized hedging activity shown in the table below. The hedging losses are also included in the combined gross profit and refinery gross margin.
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands)
Realized hedging gain, net
$
512

 
$
9,520

 
$
1,562

 
$
12,394

Unrealized hedging loss, net
(5,136
)
 
(3,925
)
 
(4,763
)
 
(2,800
)
Total hedging gain (loss), net
$
(4,624
)
 
$
5,595

 
$
(3,201
)
 
$
9,594

(2)
Total refinery throughput includes crude oil, other feedstocks and blendstocks.
(3)
Refinery gross margin is a per barrel measurement calculated by dividing the difference between net sales and cost of products sold by our refinery's total throughput volumes for the respective period presented. The net realized and net non‑cash unrealized economic hedging losses included in NTI's gross margin are not allocated to the refinery. Cost of products sold does not include any depreciation or amortization. Refinery net sales and cost of products sold include crude





oil sales of $8.1 million, $102.5 million, $303.0 million, $1,194.7 million for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Refinery gross margin is a non-GAAP performance measure that we believe is important to investors in evaluating our refinery performance as a general indication of the amount above our cost of products that we are able to sell refined products. Each of the components used in this calculation (net sales and cost of products sold) can be reconciled directly to our statement of operations. Our calculation of refinery gross margin may differ from similar calculations of other companies in our industry, thereby limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.
The following table reconciles gross profit for the St. Paul Park refinery to gross margin for the St. Paul Park refinery for the period presented:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands, except per barrel data)
Net sales (including intersegment sales)
$
645,077

 
$
941,990

 
$
2,936,758

 
$
5,097,634

Cost of products sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
586,410

 
844,390

 
2,332,166

 
4,554,658

Depreciation and amortization
17,660

 
17,160

 
69,394

 
67,538

Gross profit
41,007

 
80,440

 
535,198

 
475,438

Plus depreciation and amortization
17,660

 
17,160

 
69,394

 
67,538

Refinery gross margin
$
58,667

 
$
97,600

 
$
604,592

 
$
542,976

Refinery gross margin per refinery throughput barrel
$
6.23

 
$
11.54

 
$
17.16

 
$
15.91

Gross profit per refinery throughput barrel
$
4.35

 
$
9.51

 
$
15.19

 
$
13.93

(4)
Cost of products sold for NTI includes changes in the lower of cost or market inventory reserve shown in the table below. The following table calculates the refinery gross margin per refinery throughput barrel excluding changes in the lower of cost or market inventory reserve:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands, except per barrel data)
Refinery gross margin
$
58,667

 
$
97,600

 
$
604,592

 
$
542,976

Net change in lower of cost or market inventory reserve
71,743

 
72,235

 
60,029

 
72,235

Refinery gross margin, excluding LCM adjustment
$
130,410

 
$
169,835

 
$
664,621

 
$
615,211

Refinery gross margin, excluding LCM adjustment, per refinery throughput barrel
$
13.86

 
$
20.07

 
$
18.87

 
$
18.04

(5)
NTI's direct operating expenses per throughput barrel is calculated by dividing direct operating expenses by total throughput volumes for the respective periods presented. Direct operating expenses do not include any depreciation or amortization.
(6)
Retail fuel margin per gallon is a measurement calculated by dividing the difference between retail fuel sales and retail fuel cost of products sold by the number of retail gallons sold. Retail fuel margin per gallon is a measure frequently used in the retail industry to measure operating results related to retail fuel sales.
(7)
Merchandise margin is a measurement calculated by dividing the difference between merchandise sales and merchandise cost of products sold by merchandise sales. Merchandise margin is a measure frequently used in the retail industry to measure operating results related to merchandise sales.






WNRL
The WNRL financial and operational data presented includes the historical results of all assets acquired from Western in the TexNew Mex Pipeline Acquisition. These acquisitions from Western were transfers of assets between entities under common control. Accordingly, the financial information contained herein for the WNRL Predecessor and WNRL has been retrospectively adjusted, to include the historical results of the WRW assets acquired, for periods prior to the effective date of the Wholesale Acquisition. The financial information includes the historical results of the WNRL Predecessor, retrospectively adjusted due to the Wholesale Acquisition, for periods prior to October 16, 2013, and the results of WNRL, retrospectively adjusted for the Wholesale Acquisition and the TexNew Mex Pipeline Acquisition beginning October 16, 2013, the date WNRL commenced operations.
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands)
Net sales, net of excise taxes (including intersegment sales)
$
575,897

 
$
751,222

 
$
2,599,867

 
$
3,501,888

Operating costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of products sold, net of excise taxes (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
500,853

 
683,134

 
2,308,137

 
3,244,919

Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
39,472

 
34,980

 
154,267

 
143,702

Selling, general and administrative expenses
6,288

 
5,286

 
24,116

 
22,628

Loss (gain) and impairments on disposal of assets, net
(21
)
 
173

 
(278
)
 
157

Depreciation and amortization
7,549

 
5,275

 
26,912

 
20,187

Total operating costs and expenses
554,141

 
728,848

 
2,513,154

 
3,431,593

Operating income
$
21,756

 
$
22,374

 
$
86,713

 
$
70,295

 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands, except per gallon/barrel data)
Pipeline and gathering (bpd):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mainline movements (1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Permian/Delaware Basin system
52,068

 
31,447

 
47,368

 
24,644

TexNew Mex system
14,566

 

 
12,302

 

Four Corners system
60,115

 
44,808

 
56,079

 
45,232

Gathering (truck offloading):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Permian/Delaware Basin system
21,865

 
24,050

 
23,617

 
24,166

Four Corners system
13,589

 
12,627

 
13,438

 
11,550

Terminalling, transportation and storage (bpd):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shipments into and out of storage (includes asphalt)
377,698

 
387,633

 
391,842

 
381,371

Wholesale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fuel gallons sold
318,186

 
297,020

 
1,237,994

 
1,147,860

Fuel gallons sold to retail (included in fuel gallons sold, above)
78,780

 
73,395

 
314,604

 
268,148

Fuel margin per gallon (2)
$
0.026

 
$
0.024

 
$
0.030

 
$
0.022

Lubricant gallons sold
2,728

 
2,919

 
11,697

 
12,082

Lubricant margin per gallon (3)
$
0.77

 
$
0.83

 
$
0.73

 
$
0.86

Crude oil trucking volume (bpd)
39,675

 
41,369

 
45,337

 
36,314

Average crude oil revenue per barrel
$
2.35

 
$
2.79

 
$
2.53

 
$
2.90






(1)
Some barrels of crude oil movements to Western’s Gallup refinery are transported on more than one of our mainlines. Mainline movements for the Four Corners system include each barrel transported on each mainline. During the second quarter, we began shipping crude oil from the Four Corners system, through the TexNew Mex Pipeline System, to the Permian/Delaware system. Additional activity resulting from the opening of the TexNew Mex Pipeline System caused us to re-evaluate our method for measuring average Four Corners mainline movements. As such, we have adjusted our 2014 average daily activity on the Four Corners system for consistency with our 2015 method.
(2)
Fuel margin per gallon is a function of the difference between fuel sales and cost of fuel sales divided by the number of total gallons sold less gallons sold to our retail segment. Fuel margin per gallon is a measure frequently used in the petroleum products wholesale industry to measure operating results related to fuel sales.
(3)
Lubricant margin per gallon is a measurement calculated by dividing the difference between lubricant sales, net of transportation charges, and lubricant cost of products sold by lubricant sales. Lubricant margin is a measure frequently used in the petroleum products wholesale industry to measure operating results related to lubricant sales.






Retail
 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands, except per gallon data)
Statement of Operations Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales (including intersegment sales)
$
268,273

 
$
303,514

 
$
1,173,842

 
$
1,395,903

Operating costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of products sold (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
224,011

 
259,749

 
987,045

 
1,233,632

Direct operating expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
34,032

 
29,353

 
135,310

 
118,468

Selling, general and administrative expenses
3,313

 
3,499

 
12,949

 
11,461

Loss (gain) and impairments on disposal of assets, net
176

 
(14
)
 
125

 
(154
)
Depreciation and amortization
3,699

 
2,912

 
14,692

 
11,733

Total operating costs and expenses
265,231

 
295,499

 
1,150,121

 
1,375,140

Operating income
$
3,042

 
$
8,015

 
$
23,721

 
$
20,763

Key Operating Statistics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail fuel gallons sold
90,733

 
77,649

 
357,835

 
309,884

Average retail fuel sales price per gallon, net of excise taxes
$
1.78

 
$
2.86

 
$
2.02

 
$
3.31

Average retail fuel cost per gallon, net of excise taxes
1.59

 
2.61

 
1.82

 
3.11

Retail fuel margin per gallon (1)
0.19

 
0.24

 
0.20

 
0.20

Merchandise sales
$
77,640

 
$
66,993

 
$
311,654

 
$
266,677

Merchandise margin (2)
29.1
%
 
28.8
%
 
29.4
%
 
28.8
%
Operating retail outlets at period end
 
 
 
 
258

 
230

Cardlock gallons sold
15,495

 
16,185

 
65,508

 
67,420

Cardlock margin per gallon
$
0.127

 
$
0.184

 
$
0.163

 
$
0.178

Operating cardlocks at period end
 
 
 
 
52

 
50

 
Three Months Ended
 
Year Ended
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands, except per gallon data)
Net Sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail fuel sales, net of excise taxes
$
161,306

 
$
191,109

 
$
722,722

 
$
903,948

Merchandise sales
77,640

 
66,993

 
311,654

 
266,677

Cardlock sales
26,453

 
42,959

 
127,413

 
214,714

Other sales
2,874

 
2,453

 
12,053

 
10,564

Net sales
$
268,273

 
$
303,514

 
$
1,173,842

 
$
1,395,903

Cost of Products Sold
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail fuel cost of products sold, net of excise taxes
$
144,452

 
$
172,169

 
$
650,327

 
$
840,811

Merchandise cost of products sold
55,070

 
47,722

 
219,976

 
189,957

Cardlock cost of products sold
24,429

 
39,833

 
116,506

 
202,489

Other cost of products sold
60

 
25

 
236

 
375

Cost of products sold
$
224,011

 
$
259,749

 
$
987,045

 
$
1,233,632

Retail fuel margin per gallon (1)
$
0.19

 
$
0.24

 
$
0.20

 
$
0.20

(1)
Retail fuel margin per gallon is a measurement calculated by dividing the difference between retail fuel sales and cost of retail fuel sales for our retail segment by the number of gallons sold. Retail fuel margin per gallon is a measure frequently used in the convenience store industry to measure operating results related to retail fuel sales.





(2)
Merchandise margin is a measurement calculated by dividing the difference between merchandise sales and merchandise cost of products sold by merchandise sales. Merchandise margin is a measure frequently used in the convenience store industry to measure operating results related to merchandise sales.






Reconciliation of Special Items
We present certain additional financial measures below that are non-GAAP measures within the meaning of Regulation G under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
We present these non-GAAP measures to provide investors with additional information to analyze our performance from period to period. We believe it is useful for investors to understand our financial performance excluding these special items so that investors can see the operating trends underlying our business. Investors should not consider these non-GAAP measures in isolation from, or as a substitute for, the financial information that we report in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP measures reflect subjective determinations by management and may differ from similarly titled non-GAAP measures presented by other companies.
 
Three Months Ended
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands, except per share data)
Reported diluted earnings per share
$
0.14

 
$
1.33

Income (loss) before income taxes
$
1,464

 
$
213,736

Special items:
 
 
 
Loss (gain) and impairments on disposal of assets, net
208

 
7,591

Unrealized loss (gain) from commodity hedging transactions, net (1)
8,160

 
(58,052
)
Net change in lower of cost or market inventory reserve (1)
113,667

 
78,554

Earnings before income taxes excluding special items
123,499

 
241,829

Recomputed income taxes after special items (2)
(28,737
)
 
(61,795
)
Net income excluding special items
94,762

 
180,034

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
42,572

 
63,253

Net income attributable to Western excluding special items
$
52,190

 
$
116,781

Diluted earnings per share excluding special items
$
0.56

 
$
1.19

(1)
Unrealized loss (gain) from commodity hedging transactions, net, includes $3.0 million and $5.1 million in unrealized losses for Western and NTI, respectively, for the three months ended December 31, 2015 and $62.0 million in unrealized gains and $3.9 million in unrealized losses for Western and NTI, respectively, for the three months ended December 31, 2014. Net change in lower of cost or market inventory reserve includes $40.7 million and $73.0 million for Western and NTI, respectively, for the three months ended December 31, 2015 and $4.9 million and $73.7 million, respectively, for Western and NTI for the three months ended December 31, 2014.
(2)
We recompute income taxes after deducting special items and earnings attributable to non-controlling interests based on the year-to-date tax rate.