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8-K - 8-K - HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.form8-kifsq32014revised.htm


INVESTOR FINANCIAL SUPPLEMENT
Selected Quarterly Financial Information
Revised as of January 12, 2015
 








THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
        
 
 
Table of Contents
 
 
Page
 
 
 
Address:
 
PROPERTY & CASUALTY
 
 
 
 
 
 
One Hartford Plaza
 
Property & Casualty Combined Income Statements
 
 
1
 
 
 
Hartford, CT 06155
 
Property & Casualty Combined Underwriting Ratios
 
 
2
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Lines Underwriting Results
 
 
3
 
 
 
Internet address:
 
Commercial Lines Underwriting Ratios
 
 
4
 
 
 
http://www.thehartford.com
 
Commercial Lines Supplemental Data
 
 
5
 
 
 
 
 
Personal Lines Underwriting Results
 
 
6
 
 
 
Contacts:
 
Personal Lines Underwriting Ratios
 
 
7
 
 
 
Sabra Purtill
 
P&C Other Operations Underwriting Results
 
 
8
 
 
 
Senior Vice President
 
APPENDIX
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investor Relations
 
Basis of Presentation and Definitions
 
 
9
 
 
 
Phone (860) 547-8691
 
Discussion of Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures
 
 
9
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sean Rourke
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assistant Vice President
 
 
Investor Relations
 
 
Phone (860) 547-5688
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
TRANSFER AGENT
 
 
Shareholder correspondence should be mailed to:
 
Overnight correspondence should be mailed to:
 
 
Computershare
 
Computershare
 
 
P.O. Box 30170
 
211 Quality Circle, Suite 210
 
 
College Station, TX 77842-3170
 
College Station, TX 77845
 
 
Phone (877) 272-7740
 
 
 
 
 
 

COMMON STOCK
Common stock and warrants of The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbols “HIG” and "HIG/WS", respectively.
This report is for information purposes only. It should be read in conjunction with documents filed by The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission, including, without limitation, the most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.








THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
PROPERTY & CASUALTY COMBINED
INCOME STATEMENTS

 
THREE MONTHS ENDED
 
 
Sept 30 2014
Jun 30 2014
Mar 31 2014
Dec 31 2013
Sept 30 2013
Jun 30 2013
Mar 31 2013
 
UNDERWRITING RESULTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Written premiums
$
2,603

$
2,574

$
2,597

$
2,349

$
2,556

$
2,501

$
2,523

 
Change in unearned premium reserve
61

69

128

(149
)
68

48

98

 
Earned premiums
2,542

2,505

2,469

2,498

2,488

2,453

2,425

 
Losses and loss adjustment expenses








 
 
 
 
Current accident year before catastrophes
1,570

1,563

1,524

1,615

1,607

1,551

1,536

 
Current accident year catastrophes
40

196

86

28

66

186

32

 
Prior year development [1]
(10
)
249

(40
)
15

17

146

14

 
Total losses and loss adjustment expenses
1,600

2,008

1,570

1,658

1,690

1,883

1,582

 
Amortization of DAC
318

316

311

310

308

309

310

 
Underwriting expenses [2]
443

439

372

463

434

432

416

 
Dividends to policyholders
4

3

4

4

4

4

4

 
Underwriting gain (loss)
177

(261
)
212

63

52

(175
)
113

 
Net investment income
316

292

326

324

296

338

312

 
Net realized capital gains (losses)
24

(25
)
(37
)
72

2

(7
)
51

 
Other income (expense)
4

8

5

20

11

9

17

 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
521

14

506

479

361

165

493

 
Income tax expense (benefit)
154

(11
)
143

133

98

27

142

 
Income from continuing operations, after-tax
367

25

363

346

263

138

351

 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, after-tax




1

(2
)

 
Net income
367

25

363

346

264

136

351

 
Less: Restructuring and other costs, after-tax




(1
)


 
Less: Income (loss) from discontinued operations, after-tax




1

(2
)

 
Less: Net realized capital gains (losses), after-tax and DAC, excluded from core earnings
14

(15
)
(23
)
46

1

(2
)
33

 
Core earnings
$
353

$
40

$
386

$
300

$
263

$
140

$
318

 
[1] The three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 include unfavorable prior year loss reserve development of $212 and $130, respectively, related to asbestos reserves, and $27 and $10, respectively,
related to environmental reserves.
[2] The three months ended March 31, 2014 includes a $49 before tax reduction for New York (NY) State Workers' Compensation Board assessments.





THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
PROPERTY & CASUALTY COMBINED
UNDERWRITING RATIOS
 
 
THREE MONTHS ENDED
 
 
Sept 30 2014
Jun 30 2014
Mar 31 2014
Dec 31 2013
Sept 30 2013
Jun 30 2013
Mar 31 2013
 
UNDERWRITING GAIN (LOSS)
$
177

$
(261
)
$
212

$
63

$
52

$
(175
)
$
113

 
UNDERWRITING RATIOS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current accident year before catastrophes
61.8

62.4

61.7

64.7

64.6

63.2

63.3

 
Current accident year catastrophes
1.6

7.8

3.5

1.1

2.7

7.6

1.3

 
Prior year development [1]
(0.4
)
9.9

(1.6
)
0.6

0.7

6.0

0.6

 
Total losses and loss adjustment expenses
62.9

80.2

63.6

66.4

67.9

76.8

65.2

 
Expenses [2]
29.9

30.1

27.7

30.9

29.8

30.2

29.9

 
Policyholder dividends
0.2

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.2

 
Combined ratio
93.0

110.4

91.4

97.5

97.9

107.1

95.3

 
Current accident year catastrophes and prior year development
1.2

17.7

1.9

1.7

3.4

13.6

1.9

 
Combined ratio before catastrophes and prior year development
91.9

92.7

89.6

95.8

94.6

93.6

93.4

 
[1] Includes 9.5 point and 5.7 point unfavorable impact related to asbestos and environmental prior year loss reserve development in the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
[2] Includes 2.0 point favorable impact related to a reduction in NY State Workers' Compensation Board assessments in the three months ended March 31, 2014.










THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
COMMERCIAL LINES
UNDERWRITING RESULTS
 
THREE MONTHS ENDED
 
 
Sept 30 2014
Jun 30 2014
Mar 31 2014
Dec 31 2013
Sept 30 2013
Jun 30 2013
Mar 31 2013
 
UNDERWRITING RESULTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Written premiums
$
1,583

$
1,571

$
1,669

$
1,463

$
1,567

$
1,533

$
1,645

 
Change in unearned premium reserve
5

12

128

(103
)
4

(12
)
116

 
Earned premiums
1,578

1,559

1,541

1,566

1,563

1,545

1,529

 
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current accident year before catastrophes [1]
931

934

934

972

991

966

968

 
Current accident year catastrophes
8

35

60

7

48

44

6

 
Prior year development [3]
(5
)
12

(7
)
12

26

37

8

 
Total losses and loss adjustment expenses
934

981

987

991

1,065

1,047

982

 
Amortization of DAC
230

230

226

226

226

226

227

 
Underwriting expenses [2]
286

285

217

291

267

271

253

 
Dividends to policyholders
4

3

4

4

4

4

4

 
Underwriting gain
$
124

$
60

$
107

$
54

$
1

$
(3
)
$
63

 
[1]
The three months ended September 30, 2013 includes current accident year reserve strengthening of $11 primarily related to auto liability claims.
[2]
The three months ended March 31, 2014 includes a $49 before tax reduction for NY State Workers' Compensation Board assessments. Small Commercial, Middle Market and Specialty
Commercial represent $25, $15 and $9, respectively, of the reduction.
[3]
Prior year development includes the following (favorable) unfavorable prior year loss reserve development:
 
THREE MONTHS ENDED
 
 
Sept 30 2014
Jun 30 2014
Mar 31 2014
Dec 31 2013
Sept 30 2013
Jun 30 2013
Mar 31 2013
 
Auto liability
$

$
9

$
5

$

$
86

$
40

$
15

 
Professional and general liability
(19
)
(11
)
(8
)
(1
)
(45
)
(40
)
(18
)
 
Workers’ compensation

5


(11
)
(10
)
1

18

 
Workers’ compensation - NY 25a Fund for Reopened Cases





80


 
Change in workers' compensation discount, including accretion
8

7

8

7

8

7

8

 
Catastrophes
1

(6
)
(12
)
(3
)
(12
)
(9
)

 
Uncollectible reinsurance





(25
)

 
Other reserve re-estimates, net
5

8


20

(1
)
(17
)
(15
)
 
Total prior year development
$
(5
)
$
12

$
(7
)
$
12

$
26

$
37

$
8

 





THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
COMMERCIAL LINES
UNDERWRITING RATIOS
 
 
THREE MONTHS ENDED
 
 
Sept 30 2014
Jun 30 2014
Mar 31 2014
Dec 31 2013
Sept 30 2013
Jun 30 2013
Mar 31 2013
 
UNDERWRITING GAIN
$
124

$
60

$
107

$
54

$
1

$
(3
)
$
63

 
UNDERWRITING RATIOS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current accident year before catastrophes [1]
59.0

59.9

60.6

62.1

63.4

62.5

63.3

 
Current accident year catastrophes
0.5

2.2

3.9

0.4

3.1

2.8

0.4

 
Prior year development [2]
(0.3
)
0.8

(0.5
)
0.8

1.7

2.4

0.5

 
Total losses and loss adjustment expenses
59.2

62.9

64.0

63.3

68.1

67.8

64.2

 
Expenses [3]
32.7

33.0

28.7

33.0

31.5

32.2

31.4

 
Policyholder dividends
0.3

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.3

 
Combined ratio
92.1

96.2

93.1

96.6

99.9

100.2

95.9

 
Current accident year catastrophes and prior year development
0.2

3.0

3.4

1.2

4.8

5.2

0.9

 
Combined ratio before catastrophes and prior year development
92.0

93.1

89.6

95.3

95.2

95.0

95.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMBINED RATIOS BY LINE OF BUSINESS [4]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SMALL COMMERCIAL
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined ratio
88.4

91.4

87.8

87.7

94.5

96.5

91.9

 
Combined ratio before catastrophes
88.1

88.0

85.5

87.4

92.0

93.8

90.2

 
Combined ratio before catastrophes and prior year development
87.5

87.6

85.9

87.9

89.3

89.6

91.2

 
MIDDLE MARKET
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined ratio
93.7

99.8

98.8

102.6

117.3

111.9

96.1

 
Combined ratio before catastrophes
92.3

99.3

93.5

102.4

114.4

109.4

97.3

 
Combined ratio before catastrophes and prior year development
93.5

97.6

92.2

99.7

100.2

98.8

97.4

 
SPECIALTY COMMERCIAL
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined ratio
97.8

103.7

95.9

95.6

79.4

93.4

109.7

 
Combined ratio before catastrophes
97.8

103.8

95.9

95.7

79.4

93.4

109.8

 
Combined ratio before catastrophes and prior year development
105.1

101.5

95.4

95.5

98.4

103.1

101.6

 
[1]
The three months ended September 30, 2013 includes current accident year reserve strengthening of 0.7 points primarily related to auto liability claims.
[2]
For a summary of prior year loss reserve development, refer to footnote [3] on page 3.
[3]
The expense ratio includes 3.2 point favorable impact related to a reduction in NY State Workers' Compensation Board assessments in the three months ended March 31, 2014.
[4]
Small Commercial, Middle Market and Specialty Commercial include a benefit of 3.3 points, 2.6 points and 4.4 points, respectively, for the NY State Workers' Compensation Board assessments
reduction in the three months ended March 31, 2014. For additional information, refer to footnote [2] on page 3.




THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
COMMERCIAL LINES
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

 
THREE MONTHS ENDED
 
 
Sept 30 2014
Jun 30 2014
Mar 31 2014
Dec 31 2013
Sept 30 2013
Jun 30 2013
Mar 31 2013
 
WRITTEN PREMIUMS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Small Commercial
$
791

$
833

$
865

$
715

$
740

$
787

$
842

 
Middle Market
583

537

572

568

593

541

569

 
Specialty Commercial
201

192

223

173

225

196

225

 
National Accounts
81

77

113

62

90

72

91

 
Financial Products
64

59

55

63

61

60

53

 
Fidelity & Surety
51

47

43

44

44

44

41

 
Other Specialty
5

9

12

4

30

20

40

 
Other
8

9

9

7

9

9

9

 
Total
$
1,583

$
1,571

$
1,669

$
1,463

$
1,567

$
1,533

$
1,645

 
EARNED PREMIUMS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Small Commercial
$
805

$
790

$
769

$
777

$
769

$
763

$
754

 
Middle Market
570

561

561

574

568

565

561

 
Specialty Commercial
193

199

203

209

217

208

205

 
National Accounts
79

82

80

79

83

70

68

 
Financial Products
61

61

59

62

61

64

63

 
Fidelity & Surety
46

44

43

43

43

45

42

 
Other Specialty
7

12

21

25

30

29

32

 
Other
10

9

8

6

9

9

9

 
Total
$
1,578

$
1,559

$
1,541

$
1,566

$
1,563

$
1,545

$
1,529

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STATISTICAL PREMIUM INFORMATION (YEAR OVER YEAR)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
New Business Premium
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Small Commercial
$
128

$
140

$
131

$
111

$
115

$
125

$
134

 
Middle Market
$
107

$
110

$
110

$
101

$
105

$
115

$
103

 
Renewal Written Price Increases
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Standard Commercial Lines
5
%
6
%
7
%
7
%
7
%
7
%
8
%
 
Policy Count Retention
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Small Commercial
84
%
84
%
83
%
82
%
81
%
80
%
82
%
 
Middle Market
80
%
80
%
81
%
79
%
80
%
79
%
77
%
 
Policies in Force (in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Small Commercial
1,197

1,187

1,179

1,177

1,181

1,181

1,185

 
Middle Market
72

73

73

73

74

74

75

 




THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
PERSONAL LINES
UNDERWRITING RESULTS
 
 
THREE MONTHS ENDED
 
UNDERWRITING RESULTS
Sept 30 2014
Jun 30 2014
Mar 31 2014
Dec 31 2013
Sept 30 2013
Jun 30 2013
Mar 31 2013
 
Written premiums
$
1,019

$
1,003

$
927

$
886

$
988

$
967

$
878

 
Change in unearned premium reserve
55

57

(1
)
(45
)
63

59

(18
)
 
Earned premiums
964

946

928

931

925

908

896

 
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current accident year before catastrophes
639

629

590

643

616

585

568

 
Current accident year catastrophes
32

161

26

21

18

142

26

 
Prior year development [1]
(15
)
(3
)
(34
)

(11
)
(32
)
4

 
Total losses and loss adjustment expenses
656

787

582

664

623

695

598

 
Amortization of DAC
88

86

85

84

82

83

83

 
Underwriting expenses
149

147

148

165

159

154

156

 
Underwriting gain (loss)
$
71

$
(74
)
$
113

$
18

$
61

$
(24
)
$
59

 
[1]
Prior year development includes the following (favorable) unfavorable prior year loss reserve development:
 
THREE MONTHS ENDED
 
 
Sept 30 2014
Jun 30 2014
Mar 31 2014
Dec 31 2013
Sept 30 2013
Jun 30 2013
Mar 31 2013
 
Auto liability
$
(4
)
$

$

$
1

$

$
2

$

 
Homeowners

3

(13
)
3

1

(2
)
(8
)
 
Catastrophes
(3
)
(5
)
(21
)
(2
)
(8
)
(31
)
2

 
Other reserve re-estimates, net
(8
)
(1
)

(2
)
(4
)
(1
)
10

 
Total prior year development
$
(15
)
$
(3
)
$
(34
)
$

$
(11
)
$
(32
)
$
4

 













THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
PERSONAL LINES
UNDERWRITING RATIOS
 
THREE MONTHS ENDED
 
 
Sept 30 2014
Jun 30 2014
Mar 31 2014
Dec 31 2013
Sept 30 2013
Jun 30 2013
Mar 31 2013
 
UNDERWRITING GAIN (LOSS)
$
71

$
(74
)
$
113

$
18

$
61

$
(24
)
$
59

 
UNDERWRITING RATIOS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current accident year before catastrophes
66.3

66.5

63.6

69.1

66.6

64.4

63.4

 
Current accident year catastrophes
3.3

17.0

2.8

2.3

1.9

15.6

2.9

 
Prior year development [1]
(1.6
)
(0.3
)
(3.7
)

(1.2
)
(3.5
)
0.4

 
Total losses and loss adjustment expenses
68.0

83.2

62.7

71.3

67.4

76.5

66.7

 
Expenses
24.6

24.6

25.1

26.7

26.1

26.1

26.7

 
Combined ratio
92.6

107.8

87.8

98.1

93.4

102.6

93.4

 
Current accident year catastrophes and prior year development
1.7

16.7

(0.9
)
2.3

0.7

12.1

3.3

 
Combined ratio before catastrophes and prior year development
90.9

91.1

88.7

95.8

92.6

90.5

90.1

 
PRODUCT
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automobile
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined ratio
97.8

100.1

92.6

104.5

97.8

96.3

97.3

 
Combined ratio before catastrophes and prior year development
97.0

96.0

92.8

104.8

98.3

95.5

94.6

 
Homeowners
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined ratio
84.8

125.6

76.7

80.3

82.5

116.4

84.0

 
Combined ratio before catastrophes and prior year development
77.6

81.4

78.8

72.6

79.0

79.2

79.2

 
[1]
For a summary of (favorable) unfavorable prior year loss reserve development refer to footnote [1] on page 6.    






THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
P&C OTHER OPERATIONS
UNDERWRITING RESULTS
 
 
THREE MONTHS ENDED
 
 
Sept 30 2014
Jun 30 2014
Mar 31 2014
Dec 31 2013
Sept 30 2013
Jun 30 2013
Mar 31 2013
 
UNDERWRITING RESULTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Written premiums
$
1

$

$
1

$

$
1

$
1

$

 
Change in unearned premium reserve
1


1

(1
)
1

1


 
Earned premiums



1




 
Losses and loss adjustment expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prior year development [1]
10

240

1

3

2

141

2

 
Total losses and loss adjustment expenses
10

240

1

3

2

141

2

 
Underwriting expenses
8

7

7

7

8

7

7

 
Underwriting loss
$
(18
)
$
(247
)
$
(8
)
$
(9
)
$
(10
)
$
(148
)
$
(9
)
 
[1] The three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 include unfavorable prior year loss reserve development of $212 and $130, respectively, related to asbestos reserves, and $27 and $10, respectively, related to environmental reserves.






THE HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
APPENDIX
BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND DEFINITIONS
All amounts are in millions, except for per share and ratio information unless otherwise stated. Amounts presented throughout this document have been rounded for presentation purposes.
The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. (the "Company", "we", or "our") currently conducts business principally in six reporting segments, Commercial Lines (formerly P&C Commercial), Personal Lines (formerly Consumer Markets), Property & Casualty Other Operations ("P&C Other Operations"), Group Benefits, Mutual Funds and Talcott Resolution, as well as a Corporate category.
Property & Casualty is organized into three reporting segments: Commercial Lines, Personal Lines and P&C Other Operations ("Property & Casualty Combined"). Commercial Lines provides workers' compensation, property, automobile, liability, umbrella, marine and livestock coverages under several different products, primarily throughout the United States (“U.S.”), within its standard commercial lines, which consists of the Company's small commercial and middle market lines of business. Additionally, a variety of customized insurance products and risk management services including workers' compensation, automobile, general liability, professional liability, fidelity and surety, and specialty casualty coverages are offered through the segment's specialty lines. Personal Lines provides standard automobile, homeowners and home-based business coverages to individuals across the U.S., including a special program designed exclusively for members of AARP. P&C Other Operations includes certain property and casualty operations, currently managed by the Company, that have discontinued writing new business and substantially all of the Company's asbestos and environmental exposures.
Group Benefits provides employers, associations, affinity groups and financial institutions with group life, accident and disability coverage, along with other products and services, including voluntary benefits and group retiree health.
Mutual Funds offers mutual funds for retail accounts such as retirement plans and 529 college savings plans and provides investment-management and administrative services such as product design, implementation and oversight.
Talcott Resolution is comprised of runoff business from the Company's U.S. annuity, the retained Japan fixed payout annuity liabilities, and institutional and private-placement life insurance businesses, as well as the Japan business sold in June 2014, the U.K. variable annuity business sold in December 2013 and the Retirement Plans and Individual Life businesses sold in January 2013.
Corporate includes the Company's debt financing and related interest expense, as well as other capital raising activities, certain purchase accounting adjustments and other charges not allocated to the segments.
Certain operating and statistical measures have been incorporated herein to provide supplemental data that indicate current trends in the Company's business. These measures include sales, deposits, net flows, account value, insurance in-force, premium retention, renewal written price increases and policy count retention. Premium retention is defined as renewal premium written in the current period divided by total premium written in the prior period. Renewal written price increases represent the combined effect of rate changes and amount of insurance per unit of exposure since the prior year. Policy count retention represents the ratio of the number of policies renewed during the period divided by the number of policies from the previous policy term period.
The Company, along with others in the property and casualty insurance industry, uses underwriting ratios as measures of performance. The loss and loss adjustment expense ratio is the ratio of losses and loss adjustment expenses to earned premiums. The expense ratio is the ratio of underwriting expenses (amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and insurance operating costs and expenses, including certain centralized services and bad debt expenses) to earned premiums. The policyholder dividend ratio is the ratio of policyholder dividends to earned premiums. The combined ratio is the sum of the loss and loss adjustment expense ratio, the expense ratio and the policyholder dividend ratio. These ratios are relative measurements that describe the related cost of losses and expenses for every $100 of earned premiums. A combined ratio below 100 demonstrates underwriting profit; a combined ratio above 100 demonstrates underwriting losses. The catastrophe ratio (a component of the loss ratio) represents the ratio of catastrophe losses to earned premiums.
The Company, along with others in the life insurance industry, uses underwriting ratios as measures of the Group Benefits segment's performance. The loss ratio is the ratio of total benefits, losses and loss adjustment expenses, excluding buyouts, to total premiums and other considerations excluding buyout premiums. The expense ratio is the ratio of insurance operating costs and other expenses to total premiums and other considerations excluding buyout premiums.
DISCUSSION OF NON-GAAP AND OTHER FINANCIAL MEASURES
The Company uses non-GAAP and other financial measures in this Investor Financial Supplement to assist investors in analyzing the Company's operating performance for the periods presented herein. Because the Company's calculation of these measures may differ from similar measures used by other companies, investors should be careful when comparing the Company's non-GAAP and other financial measures to those of other companies.
The Company uses the non-GAAP financial measure core earnings as an important measure of the Company's operating performance. We believe that core earnings provides investors with a valuable measure of the performance of the Company's ongoing businesses because it reveals trends in our insurance and financial services businesses that may be obscured by including the net effect of certain realized capital gains and losses, discontinued operations, loss on extinguishment of debt, gains and losses from disposal of businesses, certain restructuring and other costs and the impact of Unlocks to deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”), sales inducement assets ("SIA"), unearned revenue reserve ("URR") and death and other insurance benefit reserve balances. Some realized capital gains and losses are primarily driven by investment decisions and external economic developments, the nature and timing of which are unrelated to the insurance and underwriting aspects of our business. Accordingly, core earnings excludes the effect of all realized gains and losses (after tax and the effects of DAC) that tend to be highly variable from period to period based on capital market conditions. We believe, however, that some realized capital gains and losses are integrally related to our insurance operations, so core earnings includes net realized gains and losses such as net periodic settlements on credit derivatives. These net realized gains and losses are directly related to an offsetting item included in the income statement such as net investment income. Net income is the most directly comparable GAAP measure. Core earnings should not be considered as a substitute for net income and does not reflect the overall profitability of the Company's business. Therefore, we believe that it is useful for investors to evaluate both net income and core earnings when reviewing the Company's performance.
Core earnings per share is calculated based on the non-GAAP financial measure core earnings. We believe that the measure core earnings per share provides investors with a valuable measure of the Company's operating performance for many of the same reasons applicable to its underlying measure, core earnings. Net income per share is the most directly comparable GAAP measure. Core earnings per share should not be considered as a substitute for net income per share and does not reflect the overall profitability of the Company's business. Therefore, we believe that it is useful for investors to evaluate both net income per share and core earnings per share when reviewing our performance.
Book value per diluted share, excluding AOCI, is calculated based upon a non-GAAP financial measure. It is calculated by dividing (a) total stockholders' equity, excluding AOCI, after tax, by (b) common shares outstanding and dilutive potential common shares. The Company provides book value per diluted share excluding AOCI to enable investors to analyze the amount of the Company's net worth that is primarily attributable to the Company's business operations. We believe book value per diluted share, excluding AOCI, is useful to investors because it eliminates the effect of items that can fluctuate significantly from period to period, primarily based on changes in interest rates. Book value per diluted share is the most directly comparable GAAP measure. A reconciliation of book value per diluted share to book value per diluted share, excluding AOCI, for the periods presented herein is set forth at page 1.




The Company provides different measures of the return on common equity (“ROE”). ROE (core earnings last twelve months to common equity, excluding AOCI), is calculated based on non-GAAP financial measures. ROE (core earnings last twelve months to common equity, excluding AOCI) is calculated by dividing (a) core earnings for the prior four fiscal quarters by (b) average common stockholders' equity, excluding AOCI. When calculating ROE, the Mandatory Convertible preferred stock (“MCP”) is included in average common stockholders' equity and MCP dividends are added back to net income (loss) available to common shareholders and core earnings (losses) available to common shareholders. The Company provides to investors return-on-equity measures based on its non-GAAP core earnings financial measures for the reasons set forth in the related discussion above. The Company excludes AOCI in the calculation of these return-on-equity measures to provide investors with a measure of how effectively the Company is investing the portion of the Company's net worth that is primarily attributable to the Company's business operations. ROE (net income last twelve months to common equity, including AOCI) is the most directly comparable GAAP measure.
Written premiums is a statutory accounting financial measure used by the Company as an important indicator of the operating performance of the Company's Commercial Lines and Personal Lines operations. Because written premiums represents the amount of premium charged for policies issued, net of reinsurance, during a fiscal period, the Company believes it is useful to investors because it reflects current trends in the Company's sale of property and casualty insurance products. Earned premiums, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, represents all premiums that are recognized as revenues during a fiscal period. The difference between written premiums and earned premiums is attributable to the change in unearned premium reserves. A reconciliation of written premiums to earned premiums for Commercial Lines and Personal Lines is set forth herein on pages 3 and 6, respectively.
The Company's management evaluates profitability of the P&C businesses primarily on the basis of underwriting gain (loss). Underwriting gain (loss) is a before tax measure that represents earned premiums less incurred losses, loss adjustment expenses and underwriting expenses. Underwriting gain (loss) is influenced significantly by earned premium growth and the adequacy of the Company's pricing. Underwriting profitability over time is also greatly influenced by the Company's underwriting discipline, which seeks to manage exposure to loss through favorable risk selection and diversification, its management of claims, its use of reinsurance and its ability to manage its expense ratio, which it accomplishes through economies of scale and its management of acquisition costs and other underwriting expenses. We believe that underwriting gain (loss) provides investors with a valuable measure of before tax profitability derived from underwriting activities, which are managed separately from the Company's investing activities.
A catastrophe is a severe loss, resulting from natural or manmade events, including risks such as fire, earthquake, windstorm, explosion, terrorist attack and similar events. Each catastrophe has unique characteristics. Catastrophes are not predictable as to timing or loss amount in advance, and therefore their effects are not included in earnings or losses and loss adjustment expense reserves prior to occurrence. The Company believes that a discussion of the effect of catastrophes is meaningful for investors to understand the variability of periodic earnings.
After-tax margin, excluding buyouts and realized gains (losses), is a non-GAAP financial measure that the Company uses to evaluate, and believes is an important measure of, the Group Benefits segment's operating performance. After-tax margin is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure. We believe that after-tax margin, excluding buyouts and realized gains (losses), provides investors with a valuable measure of the performance of certain of the Company's on-going businesses because it reveals trends in those businesses that may be obscured by the effect of realized gains (losses). After-tax margin, excluding buyouts and realized gains (losses), should not be considered as a substitute for after-tax margin and does not reflect the overall profitability of our businesses. Therefore, we believe it is important for investors to evaluate both after-tax margin, excluding buyouts and realized gains (losses), and after-tax margin when reviewing the Company's performance. After-tax margin, excluding buyouts and realized gains (losses) is calculated by dividing core earnings excluding buyouts and realized gains (losses) by total core revenues excluding buyouts and realized gains (losses).
ROA, core earnings is a non-GAAP financial measure that the Company uses to evaluate the Mutual Funds and Talcott Resolution segments' operating performance. ROA is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure. We believe that ROA, core earnings, provides investors with a valuable measure of the performance of these businesses because it reveals trends in our businesses that may be obscured by the effect of realized gains (losses). ROA, core earnings, should not be considered as a substitute for ROA and does not reflect the overall profitability of our businesses. Therefore, we believe it is important for investors to evaluate both ROA, core earnings, and ROA when reviewing the Company's performance.