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8-K - FORM 8-K - ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST INC | d85175e8vk.htm |
EX-23.1 - EX-23.1 - ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST INC | d85175exv23w1.htm |
EXHIBIT 99.1
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following sets forth our selected consolidated financial and operating information on a
historical basis and should be read together with Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our consolidated financial statements and notes
thereto, which are included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Statements of Operations Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
$ | 838,624 | $ | 837,684 | $ | 1,027,550 | $ | 876,986 | $ | 377,461 | ||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
$ | 820,709 | $ | 919,500 | $ | 873,197 | $ | 745,465 | $ | 307,978 | ||||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
$ | 17,915 | $ | (81,816 | ) | $ | 154,353 | $ | 131,521 | $ | 69,483 | |||||||||
(Loss) income from continuing operations |
$ | (71,304 | ) | $ | (188,393 | ) | $ | 98,250 | $ | 1,018 | $ | 33,568 | ||||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations |
$ | 9,512 | $ | (100,267 | ) | $ | 47,421 | $ | 35,420 | $ | 9,505 | |||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to the
Company |
$ | (51,740 | ) | $ | (250,242 | ) | $ | 129,194 | $ | 30,160 | $ | 37,796 | ||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to common
shareholders |
$ | (72,934 | ) | $ | (269,564 | ) | $ | 102,552 | $ | 6,170 | $ | 26,921 | ||||||||
Diluted income (loss) per common share: |
||||||||||||||||||||
(Loss) income from continuing operations
attributable to common shareholders |
$ | (1.59 | ) | $ | (2.67 | ) | $ | 0.53 | $ | (0.24 | ) | $ | 0.29 | |||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued
operations attributable to common
shareholders |
0.16 | (1.26 | ) | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.13 | ||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to
common shareholders |
$ | (1.43 | ) | $ | (3.93 | ) | $ | 0.91 | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.42 | ||||||||
Weighted average diluted common shares |
51,159 | 68,597 | 111,295 | 105,787 | 61,713 | |||||||||||||||
At December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheets Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Investments in hotel properties, net |
$ | 3,023,736 | $ | 3,383,759 | $ | 3,568,215 | $ | 3,885,737 | $ | 1,632,946 | ||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 217,690 | $ | 165,168 | $ | 241,597 | $ | 92,271 | $ | 73,343 | ||||||||||
Restricted cash |
$ | 67,666 | $ | 77,566 | $ | 69,806 | $ | 52,872 | $ | 9,413 | ||||||||||
Notes receivable |
$ | 20,870 | $ | 55,655 | $ | 212,815 | $ | 94,225 | $ | 102,833 | ||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 3,716,524 | $ | 3,914,498 | $ | 4,339,682 | $ | 4,380,411 | $ | 2,011,912 | ||||||||||
Indebtedness of continuing operations |
$ | 2,518,164 | $ | 2,772,396 | $ | 2,790,364 | $ | 2,639,546 | $ | 1,015,555 | ||||||||||
Series B-1 preferred stock |
$ | 72,986 | $ | 75,000 | $ | 75,000 | $ | 75,000 | $ | 75,000 | ||||||||||
Total shareholders equity of the Company |
$ | 816,808 | $ | 837,976 | $ | 1,212,219 | $ | 1,285,003 | $ | 641,709 |
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cash provided by operating activities |
$ | 82,647 | $ | 65,614 | $ | 144,995 | $ | 155,727 | $ | 139,691 | ||||||||||
Cash (used in) provided by investing
activities |
$ | (47,476 | ) | $ | (44,754 | ) | $ | 168,455 | $ | (1,872,900 | ) | $ | (565,473 | ) | ||||||
Cash provided by (used in) financing
activities |
$ | 17,351 | $ | (97,289 | ) | $ | (164,124 | ) | $ | 1,736,032 | $ | 441,130 | ||||||||
Cash dividends declared per common share |
$ | | $ | | $ | 0.63 | $ | 0.84 | $ | 0.80 | ||||||||||
EBITDA (unaudited) (1) |
$ | 228,266 | $ | 12,459 | $ | 472,836 | $ | 357,151 | $ | 138,757 | ||||||||||
Funds From Operations (FFO) (unaudited)
(1) |
$ | 4,051 | $ | (154,414 | ) | $ | 240,862 | $ | 147,680 | $ | 84,748 |
(1) | A more detailed description and computation of FFO and EBITDA is contained in the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Item 7. |
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Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
General
The U.S. economy experienced a recession beginning around the fourth quarter of 2007, which
was caused by the global credit crisis and declining GDP, employment, business investment,
corporate profits and consumer spending. As a result of the dramatic downturn in the economy,
lodging demand in the U.S. declined significantly throughout 2008 and 2009. However, beginning in
2010, the lodging industry has been experiencing improvement in fundamentals, specifically
occupancy. Room rates, measured by the average daily rate, or ADR, which typically lags occupancy
growth in the early stage of a recovery, appear to be showing upward growth. We believe recent
improvements in the economy will continue to positively affect the lodging industry and hotel
operating results for 2011. Our overall current strategy is to take advantage of the cyclical
nature of the hotel industry. We believe that in the current cycle, hotel values and cash flows,
for the most part, peaked in 2007, and we believe we will not achieve similar cash flows and values
in the immediate future. Industry experts have suggested that cash flows within our industry may
achieve these previous highs again 2014 through 2016.
In response to the challenging market conditions, we undertook a series of actions to manage
the sources and uses of our funds in an effort to navigate through challenging market conditions
while still pursuing opportunities that can create long-term shareholder value. In this effort, we
have attempted to proactively address value and cash flow deficits among certain of our mortgaged
hotels, with a goal of enhancing shareholder value through loan amendments or in certain instances,
consensual transfers of hotel properties to the lenders in satisfaction of the related debt.
As of December 31, 2010, we owned 94 hotel properties directly and six hotel properties
through majority-owned investments in joint ventures, which represented 21,734 total rooms, or
21,392 net rooms excluding those attributable to joint venture partners. Our hotels are primarily
operated under the widely recognized upper upscale brands of Crown Plaza, Hilton, Hyatt, Marriott
and Sheraton. All these hotels are located in the United States. At December 31, 2010, 96 of the
100 hotels are included in our continuing operations. As of December 31, 2010, we also owned
mezzanine or first-mortgage loans receivable with a carrying value of $20.9 million. In addition,
at December 31, 2010, we had ownership interests in two joint ventures that own mezzanine loans
with a carrying value of $15.0 million, net of valuation allowance.
Based on our primary business objectives and forecasted operating conditions, our current key
priorities and financial strategies include, among other things:
| acquisition of hotel properties; | ||
| disposition of hotel properties; | ||
| restructuring and liquidating positions in mezzanine loans; | ||
| pursuing capital market activities to enhance long-term shareholder value; | ||
| preserving capital, enhancing liquidity, and continuing current cost saving measures; | ||
| implementing selective capital improvements designed to increase profitability; | ||
| implementing asset management strategies to minimize operating costs and increase revenues; | ||
| financing or refinancing hotels on competitive terms; | ||
| utilizing hedges and derivatives to mitigate risks; and | ||
| making other investments or divestitures that our Board of Directors deems appropriate. |
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Our long-term investment strategies continue to focus on the upscale and upper-upscale
segments within the lodging industry. We believe that as supply, demand, and capital market cycles
change, we will be able to shift our investment strategies to take advantage of new lodging-related
investment opportunities as they may develop. Our Board of Directors may change our investment
strategies at any time without shareholder approval or notice.
Significant Transactions in 2010 and Recent Developments
Resumption of Common Dividends In February 2011, the Board of Directors accepted
managements recommendation to resume paying a cash dividend on our common shares with an
annualized target of $0.40 for 2011. The payment of $0.10 for the first quarter of 2011 has been
approved and subsequent payments will be reviewed on a quarterly basis.
Reissuance of treasury stock In December 2010, we reissued 7.5 million shares of
our treasury stock at a gross price of $9.65 per share and received net proceeds of approximately
$70.4 million. The net proceeds were used to repay a portion of our outstanding borrowings under
our senior credit facility. In January 2011, an underwriter purchased an additional 300,000 shares
of our common shares through the partial exercise of the underwriters 1.125 million share
over-allotment option, and we received net proceeds of $2.8 million.
Pending and Completed Sales of Hotel Properties We have entered into asset sale
agreements for the sale of the JW Marriott hotel property in San Francisco, California, the Hilton
hotel property in Rye Town, New York, and the Hampton Inn hotel property in Houston, Texas. Based
on the selling price, we recorded an impairment charge of $23.6 million on the Hilton Rye Town
property in the fourth quarter of 2010, and we expect each of these sales to close in the first
quarter of 2011. These hotel properties and related liabilities have been reclassified as assets
and liabilities held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2010, and their
operating results, including the impairment charge, for all periods presented have been reported as
discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations. In February 2011, the sale of
the JW Marriott hotel property was completed and we received net cash proceeds of $43.6 million. We
used $40.0 million of the net proceeds to reduce the borrowings on our senior credit facility.
After the payment, the credit facility has an outstanding balance of $75.0 million.
In June 2010, we entered into an agreement to sell the Hilton Suites in Auburn Hills, Michigan
for $5.1 million, and the sale was completed in September 2010. Based on the sales price, we
recorded an impairment charge of $12.1 million in June 2010, and an additional loss of $283,000 at
closing based on the net proceeds of $4.9 million. The operating results of the hotel property,
including the related impairment charge and the additional loss, for all periods presented have
been reported as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations. See Note 6.
Impairment of Mezzanine Loans and a Hotel Property We evaluated the collectability
of the mezzanine loan secured by 105 hotel properties maturing in April 2011 at December 31, 2010,
and weighted different probabilities of outcome from full payment at maturity to a foreclosure by
the senior lender. Based on this analysis, we recorded an impairment charge of $7.8 million on
December 31, 2010.
The borrowers of the mezzanine loan tranches 4 and 6 held in our joint venture with PREI
related to the JER/Highland Hospitality portfolio stopped making debt service payments in August
2010 and we are currently negotiating a restructuring with their equity holders, senior secured
lenders and senior mezzanine lenders. Due to our junior participation status, it is expected the
tranche 6 mezzanine loan will be completely extinguished in the restructuring. As a result, we
recorded a valuation allowance of $21.6 million for the entire carrying value of our investment in
the joint venture on December 31, 2010. We did not record a valuation allowance for the tranche 4
mezzanine loan as the restructuring could result in a conversion of the mezzanine loan into equity
with us investing an additional amount.
At December 31, 2010, the Hilton hotel property in Tucson, Arizona had a reasonable
probability of being sold in the near future. Based on our assessment of the expected purchase
price obtained from potential buyers, we recorded an impairment charge of $39.9 million.
Refinancing of Mortgage Debt In October 2010, we closed on a $105.0 million
refinancing of the Marriott Gateway in Arlington, Virginia. The new loan, which has a 10-year term
and fixed interest rate of 6.26%, replaces a $60.8 million loan set to mature in 2012 with an
interest rate of LIBOR plus 4.0%. The excess proceeds were used to reduce $40.0 million of the
outstanding borrowings on our senior credit facility. In conjunction with the refinance,
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we incurred prepayment penalties and fees of $3.3 million and wrote off the unamortized loan costs
on the refinanced debt of $630,000.
Conversion of Floating Interest Rate Swap into Fixed Rate In October 2010, we
converted our $1.8 billion interest rate swap into a fixed rate of 4.09%, resulting in locked-in
annual interest savings of approximately $32 million through March 2013 at no cost to us. Under the
previous swap, which we entered into in March 2008 and which expires in March 2013, we received a
fixed rate of 5.84% and paid a variable rate of LIBOR plus 2.64%, subject to a LIBOR floor of
1.25%. Under the terms of the new swap transaction, we will continue to receive a fixed rate of
5.84%, but will pay a fixed rate of 4.09%.
Conversion of Series B-1 Preferred Stock In the fourth quarter of 2010, 200,000
shares of our Series B-1 preferred stock with a carrying value of $2.0 million were converted to
common shares, pursuant to the terms of the Series B-1 preferred stock.
Preferred Stock Offering In September 2010, we completed the offering of 3.3
million shares of our 8.45% Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock at a gross price of $23.178 per
share, and received net proceeds of $72.2 million after underwriting fees and other costs and an
accrued dividend of $1.6 million. The proceeds from the offering, together with some corporate
funds, were used to pay down $80.0 million of our senior credit facility.
Restructuring of Mezzanine Loans In July 2010, as a strategic complement to our
existing joint venture with Prudential Real Estate Investors (PREI) in 2008, we contributed $15
million for an ownership interest in a new joint venture with PREI. The new joint venture acquired
a tranche 4 mezzanine loan associated with JER Partners 2007 privatization of the JER/Highland
Hospitality portfolio. The mezzanine loan is secured by the same 28 hotel properties as our
existing joint venture investment in tranche 6 of the mezzanine loan portfolio, which has been
fully reserved at December 31, 2010. The borrower of these mezzanine loans stopped making debt
service payments in August 2010. We are currently pursuing our remedies under the loan documents,
as well as negotiating with the borrowers, their equity holders, senior secured lenders and senior
mezzanine lenders and PREI with respect to a possible restructuring of the mezzanine tranches owned
by our joint ventures and PREI and of the indebtedness senior to such tranches. As we hold our
JER/Highland Hospitality loans in joint ventures, our participation in a possible restructuring,
including a conversion of the loans into equity and assumption of senior indebtedness associated
with the portfolio, would be through a joint venture with PREI or PREI and a third party.
Settlement of Notes Receivable In August 2010, we reached an agreement with the
borrower of the $7.1 million junior participation note receivable secured by a hotel property in La
Jolla, California, to settle the loan which had been in default since March 2009. Pursuant to the
settlement agreement, we received total cash payments of $6.2 million in 2010 and recorded a net
impairment charge of $836,000.
In May 2010, the senior mortgage lender foreclosed on the loan secured by the Four Seasons
hotel property in Nevis in which we had a junior participation interest of $18.2 million. Our
entire principal amount was fully reserved in 2009. As a result of the foreclosure, our interest in
the senior mortgage was converted to a 14.4% subordinate beneficial interest in the equity of the
trust that holds the hotel property. Due to our junior status in the trust, we have not recorded
any value for our beneficial interest as of December 31, 2010.
In May 2010, the mezzanine loan secured by the Le Meridien hotel property in Dallas, Texas was
settled with a cash payment of $1.1 million. The loan was fully reserved during the second quarter
of 2009 as the borrower ceased making debt service payments on the loan. As a result of the
settlement, the $1.1 million was recorded as a credit to impairment charges in accordance with
authoritative accounting guidance for impaired loans.
In February 2010, the mezzanine loan secured by the Ritz-Carlton hotel property in Key
Biscayne, Florida, with a principal amount of $38.0 million and a net carrying value of $23.0
million at December 31, 2009 was restructured. In connection with the restructuring, we received a
cash payment of $20.2 million and a $4.0 million note receivable. We recorded a net impairment
charge of $10.7 million in 2009 on the original mezzanine loan. The interest payments on the new
note are recorded as a reduction of the principal of the note receivable, and the valuation
adjustments to the net carrying amount of this note are recorded as a credit to impairment charges.
In February 2010, we and the senior note holder of the participation note receivable formed a
joint venture (the Redus JV) for the purposes of holding, managing or disposing of the Sheraton
hotel property in Dallas, Texas, which collateralized the senior note participation and our $4.0
million junior participating note receivable. The note
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receivable was fully reserved in 2009. We have an 18% subordinated interest in Redus JV. In March
2010, the foreclosure was completed and the estimated fair value of the property was $14.2 million
based on a third-party appraisal. Pursuant to the operating agreement of Redus JV, as a junior lien
holder of the original participation note receivable, we are only entitled to receive our share of
distributions after the original senior note holder has recovered its original investment of $18.4
million and Redus JV intends to sell the hotel property in the next 12 months. It is unlikely that
the senior holder will be able to recover its original investment. Therefore, no cash flows were
projected from Redus JV for the projected holding period. Under the applicable authoritative
accounting guidance, we recorded a zero value for our 18% subordinated interest in Redus JV.
Debt Modifications, Repayments and Settlement The $101.0 million non-recourse
mortgage loan secured by the Westin OHare hotel property in Rosemont, Illinois was settled in
September 2010 through a consensual transfer of the underlying hotel property to the lender. We
recorded a gain of $56.2 million on the consensual transfer. An impairment charge of $59.3 million
was previously recorded on this property in 2009 as we wrote down the hotel property to its
estimated fair value. The operating results of the hotel property, including the gain from the
disposition, have been reclassified to discontinued operations for all periods presented in the
consolidated statements of operations.
With proceeds from the above mentioned equity offerings, sale of hotel properties and debt
refinancing we made a net paydown of $135.0 million on our senior credit facility during 2010 to
reduce its outstanding balance to $115.0 million at December 31, 2010.
In July 2010, we modified the mortgage loan secured by the JW Marriott hotel property in San
Francisco, California, to change the initial maturity date to its fully extended maturity of March
2013 in exchange for a principal payment of $5.0 million. This hotel property was subsequently sold
in February 2011 and the related mortgage loan was repaid at closing along with miscellaneous fees
of approximately $476,000.
Effective April 1, 2010, we completed the modification of the $156.2 million mortgage loan
secured by two hotel properties in Washington D.C. and La Jolla, California. Pursuant to the
modified loan agreement, we obtained the full extension of the loan to August 2013 without any
extension tests in exchange for a $5.0 million paydown. We paid $2.5 million of the paydown amount
at closing, and the remaining $2.5 million is payable quarterly in four consecutive installments of
$625,000 each with the last installment due on April 1, 2011. We paid a modification fee of $1.5
million in lieu of the future extension fees. The modification also modifies covenant tests to
minimize the likelihood of additional cash being trapped.
In March 2010, we elected to cease making payments on the $5.8 million mortgage note payable
maturing in January 2011, secured by a hotel property in Manchester, Connecticut, because the
anticipated operating cash flows from the underlying hotel property had been insufficient to cover
the principal and interest payments on the note. As of the date of this report, the loan has been
transferred to a special servicer. We are currently working with the special servicer for an
extension or restructuring of the mortgage note.
Repurchases of Common Shares and Units of Operating Partnership During 2010, we
repurchased 7.2 million shares of our common stock for a total cost of $45.1 million pursuant to a
previously announced stock repurchase plan. As of June 2010, we ceased all repurchases under the
plan indefinitely. During 2010, 719,000 operating partnership units were redeemed at an average
price of $7.39 per unit. We redeemed these operating partnership units for cash rather than
electing to satisfy the redemption request through the issuance of common shares and paid a total
redemption cost of $5.3 million to the unit holders during 2010. Additional 455,000 operating
partnership units presented for redemption in 2010 were converted to common shares at our election.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our cash position from operations is affected primarily by macro industry movements in
occupancy and rate as well as our ability to control costs. Further, interest rates greatly affect
the cost of our debt service as well as the financial hedges we put in place. We monitor very
closely the industry fundamentals as well as interest rates. The strategy is that if the economy
underperforms (negatively affecting industry fundamentals), some or all of the loss in cash flow
should be offset by our financial hedges due to, what we believe to be, the expectation that the
Federal Reserve will probably keep interest rates low. Alternatively, if the Federal Reserve raises
interest rates because of inflation, our properties should benefit from the ability to rapidly
raise room rates in an inflationary environment. Capital expenditures above our reserves will
affect cash flow as well.
5
In September 2010, we entered into an at-the-market (ATM) program with an investment banking
firm to offer for sale from time to time up to $50.0 million of our common stock at market prices.
No shares were sold during 2010. Proceeds from the ATM program, to the extent utilized, are
expected to be used for general corporate purposes including investments and reduction of debt.
In February 2010, we entered into a Standby Equity Distribution Agreement (the SEDA) with YA
Global Master SPV Ltd. (YA Global) that terminates in 2013, and is available to provide us
additional liquidity if needed. Pursuant to the SEDA, YA Global has agreed to purchase up to $50.0
million (which may be increased to $65.0 million pursuant to the SEDA) of newly issued shares of
our common stock if notified to do so by us in accordance with the SEDA.
Our principal sources of funds to meet our cash requirements include: positive cash flow from
operations, capital market activities, property refinancing proceeds, asset sales, and net cash
derived from interest rate derivatives. Additionally, our principal uses of funds are expected to
include possible operating shortfalls, owner-funded capital expenditures, new investments and debt
interest and principal payments. Items that impacted our cash flow and liquidity during the periods
indicated are summarized as follows:
Net Cash Flows Provided By Operating Activities. Net cash flows provided by operating
activities, pursuant to our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows which includes the changes in
balance sheet items, were $82.6 million and $65.6 million for 2010 and 2009, respectively. The
increase is primarily due to improved occupancies experienced during 2010 that resulted in
increased hotel revenues. The increase in operating cash flows is partially offset by an increase
in interest payments on indebtedness of $5.7 million as a result of certain mortgage loans that
were refinanced at higher interest rates.
Net Cash Flows (Used In) Provided by Investing Activities. In 2010, investing activities used
cash of $47.5 million. Principal payments on notes receivable generated total cash of $28.3 million
and the net cash proceeds from disposition of hotel properties was $1.4 million. We received $4.9
million net cash proceeds from the sale of the Hilton Suites in Auburn Hills, Michigan and a cash
balance of $3.5 million was removed from our consolidated balance sheet as the Westin OHare hotel
property was deconsolidated at the completion of the deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. Cash outlays
consisted of a $15.0 million cash contribution to a joint venture for a 50% ownership interest in a
mezzanine loan and capital improvements of $62.2 million made to various hotel properties. In 2009,
investing activities used $44.8 million of cash. Capital improvements made to various hotel
properties used $69.2 million and a cash balance of $3.5 million was eliminated as a result of the
deconsolidation of the Hyatt Regency hotel property. These net cash outlays were offset by cash
inflows from the sale of a mezzanine loan of $13.4 million and the sale of an interest in a laundry
joint venture and a piece of land adjacent to a hotel property of $858,000, and insurance
settlements on hotel properties damaged by a hurricane of $13.7 million.
Net Cash Flows Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities. For 2010, financing activities
provided net cash inflow of $17.4 million. Cash inflows for 2010 consisted of $259.0 million from
borrowings under our senior credit facility and mortgage refinances, $72.2 million from issuance of
3.3 million shares of Series D preferred stock, $70.4 million from reissuance of 7.5 million shares
of treasury stock, $62.2 million from the counterparties of our interest rate derivatives, and $1.0
million of contributions from a noncontrolling interest joint venture partner. For 2010, cash
outlays consisted of $365.7 million for repayments of indebtedness and capital leases, $45.1
million for purchases of common stock, $24.0 million for dividend payments to preferred
shareholders and unit holders, $7.1 million payment for loan modification and extension fees, $5.3
million for the redemption of operating partnership units, $333,000 distribution to a
noncontrolling interest joint venture partner, and $75,000 for purchases of interest rate caps.
For 2009, net cash flow used in financing activities was $97.3 million. Cash outlays consisted
of payments of $196.8 million on indebtedness and capital leases, loan costs of $5.9 million,
dividends of $22.9 million, $38.1 million for entering into interest rate derivatives, $81.3
million to acquire treasury shares, $10.7 million to purchase Series A and Series D preferred
stocks, $972,000 for distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures, and
$462,000 for the redemption of operating partnership units. These cash outlays were partially
offset by $208.8 million from debt refinancing and $50.9 million in cash payments from the
counterparties of the interest rate derivatives.
We are required to maintain certain financial ratios under various debt, preferred equity and
derivative agreements. If we violate covenants in any debt or derivative agreement, we could be
required to repay all or a
6
portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange financing
for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all. Violations of certain debt covenants may result
in us being unable to borrow unused amounts under a line of credit, even if repayment of some or
all borrowings is not required. In any event, financial covenants under our current or future debt
obligations could impair our planned business strategies by limiting our ability to borrow (i)
beyond certain amounts or (ii) for certain purposes. Presently, our existing financial debt
covenants primarily relate to maintaining minimum debt coverage ratios, maintaining an overall
minimum net worth, maintaining a maximum loan to value ratio, and maintaining an overall minimum
total assets. At December 31, 2010, we were in compliance with all covenants or other requirements
set forth in our debt, preferred equity and derivative agreements as amended.
Virtually, our only recourse obligation is our $250 million senior credit facility held by 10
banks, which expires in April 2011. We have given notice to exercise the remaining one-year
extension option. The outstanding balance on this credit facility at December 31, 2010 was $115.0
million. The main covenants in this senior credit facility include (i) the minimum fixed charge
coverage ratio, as defined, of 1.25x through March 31, 2011 (ours was 1.70x at December 31, 2010),
and 1.35x thereafter until expiration; and (ii) the maximum leverage ratio, as defined, of 65%
(ours was 55.0% at December 31, 2010). The primary requirements to extend the credit facility are
that (i) there must be no default or event of default, (ii) the representations and warranties must
be true and correct in all material respects and (iii) we pay each lender a fee equal to 0.25% of
such lenders commitment (whether or not utilized). We may be able to extend or refinance a portion
or all of this senior credit facility before maturity, and if it becomes necessary to pay down the
principal balance, we believe we will be able to accomplish that with cash on hand, cash flows from
operations, equity raises or, to the extent necessary, asset sales.
The articles governing our Series B-1 preferred stock require us to maintain certain
covenants. The impairment charges recorded during second, third and fourth quarter of 2009, and the
second and fourth quarter of 2010 could have prevented us from satisfying one financial ratio.
However, the holder of the Series B-1 preferred stock reviewed the specific impairment charges and
agreed to exclude the impairment charges incurred in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2009,
and the second and fourth quarters of 2010, as they impacted the financial ratio calculations for
the affected periods. At December 31, 2010, we are in compliance with all covenants required under
the articles governing the Series B-1 preferred stock.
Based upon the current level of operations, management believes that our cash flow from
operations along with our cash balances and the amount available under our senior credit facility
($135.0 million at December 31, 2010) will be adequate to meet upcoming anticipated requirements
for interest, working capital, and capital expenditures for the next 12 months. With respect to
upcoming maturities, we will continue to proactively address our upcoming 2011 maturities. No
assurances can be given that we will obtain additional financings or, if we do, what the amount and
terms will be. Our failure to obtain future financing under favorable terms could adversely impact
our ability to execute our business strategy. In addition, we may selectively pursue debt financing
on individual properties and our debt investments.
We are committed to an investment strategy where we will opportunistically pursue
hotel-related investments as suitable situations arise. Funds for future hotel-related investments
are expected to be derived, in whole or in part, from future borrowings under a credit facility or
other loans, or from proceeds from additional issuances of common stock, preferred stock, or other
securities, asset sales, joint ventures and repayments of our loan investments. However, we have no
formal commitment or understanding to invest in additional assets, and there can be no assurance
that we will successfully make additional investments. We are encouraged by the incremental
improvement in both the capital and debt markets over the last quarter and will continue to look at
capital raising options.
Our existing hotels are mostly located in developed areas that contain competing hotel
properties. The future occupancy, ADR, and RevPAR of any individual hotel could be materially and
adversely affected by an increase in the number or quality of the competitive hotel properties in
its market area. Competition could also affect the quality and quantity of future investment
opportunities.
Dividend Policy. Effective with the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2008, and in conjunction
with the amendment to our senior credit facility, the Board of Directors suspended the common stock
dividend for 2009. In December 2009, the Board of Directors determined, subject to ongoing review,
to continue the suspension of the common dividend in 2010, except to the extent required to
maintain our REIT status. In February 2011, the Board of Directors accepted managements
recommendation to resume paying cash dividends on our common shares with an
7
annualized target of $0.40 per share for 2011. The payment of $0.10 for the first quarter of 2011
has been approved and subsequent payments will be reviewed on a quarterly basis. We may incur
indebtedness to meet distribution requirements imposed on REITs under the Internal Revenue Code to
the extent that working capital and cash flow from our investments are insufficient to fund
required distributions. Or, we may elect to pay dividends on our common stock in cash or a
combination of cash and shares of securities as permitted under federal income tax laws governing
REIT distribution requirements.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Marriott International, Inc. (Marriott) manages 41 of our properties. For these
Marriott-managed hotels, the fiscal year reflects twelve weeks of operations for each of the first
three quarters of the year and seventeen weeks for the fourth quarter of the year. Therefore, in
any given quarterly period, period-over-period results will have different ending dates. For
Marriott-managed hotels, the fourth quarters of 2010, 2009 and 2008 ended December 31, 2010,
January 1, 2010, and January 2, 2009, respectively.
RevPAR is a commonly used measure within the hotel industry to evaluate hotel operations.
RevPAR is defined as the product of the average daily room rate (ADR) charged and the average
daily occupancy achieved. RevPAR does not include revenues from food and beverage or parking,
telephone, or other guest services generated by the property. Although RevPAR does not include
these ancillary revenues, it is generally considered the leading indicator of core revenues for
many hotels. We also use RevPAR to compare the results of our hotels between periods and to analyze
results of our comparable hotels (comparable hotels represent hotels we have owned for the entire
year). RevPAR improvements attributable to increases in occupancy are generally accompanied by
increases in most categories of variable operating costs. RevPAR improvements attributable to
increases in ADR are generally accompanied by increases in limited categories of operating costs,
such as management fees and franchise fees.
The following table summarizes the changes in key line items from our consolidated statements
of operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 (in thousands):
Favorable (Unfavorable) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 to 2009 | 2009 to 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
$ | 838,624 | $ | 837,684 | $ | 1,027,550 | $ | 940 | $ | (189,866 | ) | |||||||||
Total hotel expenses |
$ | (554,645 | ) | $ | (550,482 | ) | $ | (643,924 | ) | $ | (4,163 | ) | $ | 93,442 | ||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
$ | (49,389 | ) | $ | (53,097 | ) | $ | (52,136 | ) | $ | 3,708 | $ | (961 | ) | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
$ | (132,651 | ) | $ | (138,620 | ) | $ | (148,435 | ) | $ | 5,969 | $ | 9,815 | |||||||
Impairment charges |
$ | (46,404 | ) | $ | (148,679 | ) | $ | | $ | 102,275 | $ | (148,679 | ) | |||||||
Gain on insurance settlements |
$ | | $ | 1,329 | $ | | $ | (1,329 | ) | $ | 1,329 | |||||||||
Transaction acquisition and contract
termination costs |
$ | (7,001 | ) | $ | | $ | | $ | (7,001 | ) | $ | | ||||||||
Corporate general and administrative |
$ | (30,619 | ) | $ | (29,951 | ) | $ | (28,702 | ) | $ | (668 | ) | $ | (1,249 | ) | |||||
Operating income (loss) |
$ | 17,915 | $ | (81,816 | ) | $ | 154,353 | $ | 99,731 | $ | (236,169 | ) | ||||||||
Equity (loss) earnings in unconsolidated
joint ventures |
$ | (20,265 | ) | $ | 2,486 | $ | (2,205 | ) | $ | (22,751 | ) | $ | 4,691 | |||||||
Interest income |
$ | 283 | $ | 297 | $ | 2,062 | $ | (14 | ) | $ | (1,765 | ) | ||||||||
Other income |
$ | 62,826 | $ | 56,556 | $ | 10,153 | $ | 6,270 | $ | 46,403 | ||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
$ | (140,609 | ) | $ | (132,997 | ) | $ | (144,068 | ) | $ | (7,612 | ) | $ | 11,071 | ||||||
Write-off of premiums, loan costs and exit fees |
$ | (3,893 | ) | $ | 371 | $ | (1,226 | ) | $ | (4,264 | ) | $ | 1,597 | |||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives |
$ | 12,284 | $ | (31,782 | ) | $ | 79,620 | $ | 44,066 | $ | (111,402 | ) | ||||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) |
$ | 155 | $ | (1,508 | ) | $ | (439 | ) | $ | 1,663 | $ | (1,069 | ) | |||||||
(Loss) income from continuing operations |
$ | (71,304 | ) | $ | (188,393 | ) | $ | 98,250 | $ | 117,089 | $ | (286,643 | ) | |||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations |
$ | 9,512 | $ | (100,267 | ) | $ | 47,421 | $ | 109,779 | $ | (147,688 | ) | ||||||||
Net (loss) income |
$ | (61,792 | ) | $ | (288,660 | ) | $ | 145,671 | $ | 226,868 | $ | (434,331 | ) | |||||||
Loss (income) from consolidated joint ventures
attributable to noncontrolling interests |
$ | 1,683 | $ | 765 | $ | (1,444 | ) | $ | 918 | $ | 2,209 | |||||||||
Net loss (income) attributable to redeemable
noncontrolling interests in operating
partnership |
$ | 8,369 | $ | 37,653 | $ | (15,033 | ) | $ | (29,284 | ) | $ | 52,686 | ||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to the Company |
$ | (51,740 | ) | $ | (250,242 | ) | $ | 129,194 | $ | 198,502 | $ | (379,436 | ) |
8
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2010 with Year Ended December 31, 2009
Income from continuing operations includes the operating results of 96 hotel properties that
we have owned throughout all of 2010 and 2009. The following table illustrates the key performance
indicators of the comparable hotels for the periods indicated:
Year Ended | ||||||||
December 31, | ||||||||
2010 | 2009 | |||||||
Total hotel revenue (in thousands) |
$ | 836,821 | $ | 826,082 | ||||
Room revenue (in thousands) |
$ | 640,989 | $ | 626,434 | ||||
RevPAR (revenue per available room) |
$ | 87.19 | $ | 85.21 | ||||
Occupancy |
70.19 | % | 66.56 | % | ||||
ADR (average daily rate) |
$ | 124.22 | $ | 128.02 |
Revenue. Room revenues increased $14.6 million, or 2.3%, during the year ended December
31, 2010 (2010) compared to the year ended December 31, 2009 (2009). The room revenue increase
resulting from the improved occupancy in 2010 of 363 basis points was partially offset by the
decrease in average daily rate. The economic downturn placed tremendous pressure on rates to
maintain occupancy levels. Food and beverage revenue experienced a decline of $1.3 million due to
lower volume on catering and banquet events. Other revenue, which consists mainly of
telecommunication, parking, spa and golf fees, experienced a $2.3 million decline due to less
demand for these services.
Rental income from the triple-net operating lease decreased $214,000 primarily due to the
lower hotel revenues related to that hotel property resulting from the lower average daily rate net
of the effect of slightly higher occupancy during 2010.
Interest income from notes receivable decreased $9.5 million for 2010 compared to 2009. This
decrease is primarily due to the impairment of five mezzanine loans and the sale of one loan in our
portfolio during 2009.
Asset management fees and other was $425,000 for 2010 and $726,000 for 2009. The decrease is
primarily due to the expiration at December 31, 2009, of a consulting agreement with a joint
venture.
Hotel Operating Expenses. Hotel operating expenses consist of direct expenses from departments
associated with revenue streams and indirect expenses associated with support departments and
management fees. We experienced increases of $3.7 million in direct expenses and $421,000 in
indirect expenses and management fees in 2010 compared to 2009. The increase in direct expense was
primarily the result of improved occupancy during 2010. The direct expenses were 33.1% of total
hotel revenue for both 2010 and 2009.
Property Taxes, Insurance and Other. Property taxes, insurance and other decreased $3.7
million for 2010 to $49.4 million. Property taxes decreased $3.8 million for 2010 resulting from
our successful appeals for the assessed value reductions related to certain of our hotel
properties, which was partially offset by the tax rate increases in some jurisdictions as
city/county and state governments try to maintain their tax base. The decrease in property taxes
was partially offset by the increase in insurance costs of $254,000. The increase in insurance
costs is primarily due to higher premiums for property policies renewed in 2010.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization decreased $6.0 million for 2010
compared to 2009 primarily due to certain assets that had been fully depreciated during 2010. The
decrease is partially offset by an increase in depreciation expense as a result of capital
improvements made at several hotel properties.
Impairment Charges. The impairment charges for our continuing operations were $46.4 million
for 2010. We recorded $8.7 million impairment charge on mezzanine loans, $39.9 million impairment
on a hotel property that is expected to be sold in the near future, and a credit of $2.2 million
related to the valuation adjustments on previously impaired loans in our mezzanine loan portfolio.
Of the total impairment charges of $148.7 million for 2009, $109.4 million was the valuation
allowance recorded for the Extended Stay Hotels mezzanine loan and $39.3 million for four other
mezzanine notes. The impairment charge recorded on hotel properties for 2010 and 2009 of $35.7
million and $70.2 million, respectively, are included in the operating results of discontinued
operations.
9
In evaluating possible loan impairment, we analyze our notes receivable individually and
collectively for possible loan losses in accordance with applicable authoritative accounting
guidance. Based on the analysis, if we conclude that no loans are individually impaired, we then
further analyze the specific characteristics of the loans, based on other authoritative guidance to
determine if there would be probable losses in a group of loans with similar characteristics.
The loans in our portfolio are collateralized by hotel properties. Some loans are
collateralized by single hotel properties and others by hotel portfolios. The hotel properties are
in different geographic locations, have different ages and a few of the properties have recently
completed significant renovations which have a significant impact on the value of the underlying
collateral. The hotel properties include independent and nationally recognized brands in all
segments and classes including luxury, economy, extended-stay, full service, and select service. In
addition, our loan assets vary by position in the related borrowers capital structure, ranging
from junior mortgage participations to mezzanine loans. The terms of our notes or participations
were structured based on the different features of the related collateral and the priority in the
borrowers capital structure.
The authoritative accounting guidance requires that an individual loan not impaired
individually be included in the assessment of the loss in a group of loans only if specific
characteristics of the loan indicate that it is probable that there would be an incurred loss in a
group of loans with similar characteristics. As loans in our portfolio have significantly different
risk factors and characteristics, such as different maturity terms, different types and classes of
collateral, different interest rate structures, and different priority status, we concluded that
the characteristics of the loans within the portfolio were not sufficiently similar as to allow an
evaluation of these loans as a group for possible impairment within the authoritative accounting
guidance.
Investments in hotel properties are reviewed for impairment for each reporting period. We take
into account the latest operating cash flows and market conditions and their impact on future
projections. For the properties that showed indicators of impairment, we perform a recoverability
analysis using the sum of each propertys estimated future undiscounted cash flows compared to the
propertys carrying value. The estimates of future cash flows are based on assumptions about the
future operating results including disposition of the property. In addition, the cash flow
estimation periods used are based on the properties remaining useful lives to us (expected holding
periods). For properties securing mortgage loans, the assumptions regarding holding periods
considered our ability and intent to hold the property to or beyond the maturity of the related
indebtedness.
In analyzing projected hotel properties operating cash flows, we factored in RevPAR growth
based on data from third party sources. In addition, the projected hotel properties operating cash
flows factored in our ongoing implementation of asset management strategies to minimize operating
costs. After factoring in the expected revenue growth and the impact of company-specific strategies
implemented to minimize operating costs, the hotel properties estimated future undiscounted cash
flows were in excess of the properties carrying values. With the exception of the three Hilton
hotel properties, the analyses performed in 2010 did not identify any other properties with respect
to which an impairment loss should be recognized.
For a full description of impairment charges, see Notes 3, 6 and 15 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements and the Executive Overview.
Transaction acquisition and Contract Termination Costs. We have been in negotiation with the
borrowers, their equity holders, senior secured lenders and senior mezzanine lenders with respect
to possible restructuring of the two mezzanine tranches owned by our joint ventures with PREI
associated with the hotel portfolio of JER/Highland Hospitality. The resolution of such negotiation
could be consummated via a conversion of the loans into equity and assumption of senior
indebtedness associated with the portfolio with us investing additional funds. We incurred
transaction acquisition costs of $1.4 million related to these negotiations through December 31,
2010.
In addition, during 2010, we terminated the management contract of the Hilton hotel property
in Costa Mesa, California managed by Hilton Hotels and paid a contract termination fee of $5.6
million. This hotel property is currently managed by Remington Lodging.
Corporate General and Administrative. Corporate general and administrative expenses increased
$668,000 in 2010 from 2009. The non-cash stock/unit-based compensation expense increased $2.0
million in 2010 primarily due to certain restricted stock/unit-based awards granted in the current
year at a higher cost per share. Other corporate general and administrative expenses decreased $1.4
million during 2010 primarily attributable to a decline in legal
10
expense of $1.2 million as the 2009 corporate general and administrative expenses included legal
expense associated with defaulted mezzanine loan activities.
Equity (Loss) Earnings in Unconsolidated Joint Venture. Equity loss in unconsolidated joint
venture was $20.3 million for 2010 and equity earnings for 2009 were $2.5 million. The decrease is
primarily due to all the three mezzanine loans held in our joint ventures being in non-accrual
status since July 2010. In addition, the borrowers of the mezzanine loan tranche 6 held in our
joint venture with PREI related to the JER/Highland Hospitality portfolio stopped making debt
service payments in August 2010 and we are currently negotiating a restructuring with their equity
holders, senior secured lenders and senior mezzanine lenders. Due to our junior participation
status, it is expected the tranche 6 mezzanine loan will be completely extinguished in the
restructuring. As a result, we recorded a valuation allowance of $21.6 million for the entire
carrying value of our investment in the joint venture on December 31, 2010.
Interest Income. Interest income decreased $14,000 in 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to
lower average cash balance and the decline in short-term interest rates in 2010.
Other Income. Other income was $62.8 million and $56.6 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Other income included income from non-hedge interest rate swaps, floors and flooridors of $62.9
million and $52.3 million for 2010 and 2009, respectively. The increase is primarily due to the new
interest rate derivatives we entered into since July 2009. Also included in 2009 were a gain of
$2.4 million recognized on the sale of a mezzanine note receivable, income of $1.5 million
recognized for business interruption insurance proceeds received related to hotel properties sold
in 2008, and a gain of $434,000 from the sale of our interest in a laundry joint venture.
Interest Expense and Amortization of Loan Costs. Interest expense and amortization of loan
costs increased $7.6 million to $140.6 million for 2010 from $133.0 million for 2009. The increase
is primarily attributable to certain debt that was refinanced at higher interest rates. The
increase was partially offset by the lower average variable rate debt outstanding and the lower
LIBOR rates in the 2010 period. Average LIBOR rates for 2010 and 2009 were 0.27% and 0.33%,
respectively.
Write-off of Loan Cost and Exit Fees. During 2010 we refinanced the mortgage loan secured by
the Gateway Arlington Marriott hotel property and incurred prepayment penalty of $3.3 million and
wrote off the unamortized loan cost of $630,000. During 2009 we refinanced mortgage debt totaling
$285.0 million. The unamortized premiums of $1.4 million and loan costs of $985,000 on the
refinanced loans were written off.
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives. We recorded an unrealized gain of $12.3 million in
2010 and an unrealized loss of $31.8 million in 2009 on our interest rate derivatives. The fair
value of these derivatives increased during 2010 primarily due to the movements in the LIBOR
forward curve used in determining the fair value.
Income Tax Benefit (Expense). Income tax expense for continuing operations was a benefit of
$155,000 for 2010 and an expense of $1.5 million for 2009. The decrease in income tax expense is
primarily due to our being able to record an income tax benefit of $898,000 in 2010 in connection
with losses incurred by our joint venture partnership that is subject to District of Columbia
income taxes. This benefit is largely offset by our accruals for the Texas Margin Tax and our
federal and state income tax accruals for one of our TRS subsidiaries that began generating taxable
income in the fourth quarter of 2009. Our 2010 accrual for the Texas Margin Tax was lower than in
prior years primarily due to the tax write-off of mezzanine loans in 2010 that had been impaired in
prior years for financial reporting purposes.
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations. Income from discontinued operations was $9.5
million for 2010 and loss from discontinued operations was $100.3 million for 2009. Discontinued
operations include the operating results of six hotel properties for 2010 and seven properties for
2009. These hotel properties were either sold, returned to lenders or under contracts to sell.
Included in the income (loss) from discontinued operations for 2010 was a gain of $56.2 million on
the consensual transfer of the Westin OHare hotel property and a loss of $283,000 on the sale of
Hilton Auburn Hills property. The 2010 results also included impairment charges of $35.7 million
recorded on the Hilton Auburn Hills property and the Hilton Rye Town property. For 2009, impairment
charges totaling $70.2 million on the Westin OHare hotel property and the Hyatt Dearborn hotel
property were recorded to write down the hotel property to its estimated fair value. A loss of $2.9
million was also recorded at deconsolidation of the Hyatt Regency Dearborn hotel property for 2009.
Operating results of discontinued operations also reflected
11
interest and related debt expense of $8.5 million and $14.1 million for 2010 and 2009,
respectively. In addition, unamortized loan costs of $552,000 were written off in 2009 when the
related mortgage debt was refinanced.
Loss (Income) from Consolidated Joint Ventures Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests.
During 2010 and 2009, the noncontrolling interest partners in consolidated joint ventures were
allocated a loss of $1.7 million and $765,000, respectively. Noncontrolling interests in
consolidated joints ventures represent ownership interests ranging from 11% to 25% of six hotel
properties held by two joint ventures.
Net Loss (Income) Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating
Partnership. Net loss allocated to noncontrolling interests and distributions paid to these limited
partners were $8.4 million and $37.7 million for 2010 and 2009, respectively. The redeemable
noncontrolling interests participating in the allocation represented ownership of 12.4% and 14.8%
in the operating partnership at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The decrease in ownership
percentage during 2010 was due to the units redeemed and converted in 2010, net of the effect of
the decrease in outstanding common shares as a result of the repurchase of our common shares.
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2009 with Year Ended December 31, 2008
Income from continuing operations includes the operating results of 96 hotel properties that
we have owned throughout all of 2009 and 2008 and are included in continuing operations. The
following table illustrates the key performance indicators of the comparable hotels for the periods
indicated:
Year Ended | ||||||||
December 31, | ||||||||
2009 | 2008 | |||||||
Total hotel revenue (in thousands) |
$ | 826,082 | $ | 1,001,487 | ||||
Room revenue (in thousands) |
$ | 626,434 | $ | 758,119 | ||||
RevPAR (revenue per available room) |
$ | 85.21 | $ | 102.12 | ||||
Occupancy |
66.56 | % | 72.05 | % | ||||
ADR (average daily rate) |
$ | 128.02 | $ | 141.74 |
Revenue. Room revenues decreased $131.7 million, or 17.4%, during the year ended
December 31, 2009 (2009) compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 (2008). Occupancy
declined by 549 basis points from 72.05% to 66.56%. ADR declined by $13.72 to $128.02. The economy
continued in recession in 2009 that resulted in decline in market demand and placed tremendous
pressure on rates to maintain occupancy levels. We observed businesses adopting cost saving
initiatives on their travel and meeting expenses. Food and beverage experienced a similar decline
of $38.3 million due to lower occupancy and reduced volume on catering and banquet events. Other
hotel revenue experienced a $4.9 million decline.
Rental income from the triple-net operating lease decreased $568,000 primarily due to the
lower occupancy and ADR during 2009.
Interest income from notes receivable decreased $13.2 million for 2009 compared to 2008. This
decrease was primarily due to the Extended Stay Hotels mezzanine loan that was reserved during 2009
as a result of the borrowers bankruptcy filing. Prior to the bankruptcy filing in June 2009, all
payments on this loan were current. We recorded income from this loan of $4.7 million and $11.9
million for 2009 and 2008, respectively. The decrease in interest income was also attributable to
(i) the two mezzanine loans that were repaid during 2008; (ii) four other mezzanine loans that were
impaired during 2009 and three of which were in default for at least a portion of 2009 (income
recognized on impaired loans was $3.3 million and $6.4 million for 2009 and 2008, respectively);
and (iii) the decline in LIBOR rates during 2009.
Asset management fees and other was $726,000 for 2009 and $2.0 million for 2008. The decrease
was primarily due to the expiration in 2008 of an asset management consulting agreement with a
related party which accounted for $1.3 million of the income in 2008.
Hotel Operating Expenses. We experienced a reduction of $48.2 million in direct expenses and a
$45.2 million reduction in indirect expenses and management fees in 2009 compared to 2008. The
decrease in these expenses was primarily due to the decline in occupancy. The decline in indirect
expenses was also attributable to the
12
result of cost saving initiatives adopted by the hotel managers. The direct expenses were 33.1% of
total hotel revenue for 2009 as compared to 32.1% during 2008.
Property Taxes, Insurance and Other. Property taxes, insurance and other increased $961,000
during 2009 primarily due to higher insurance premiums on policies renewed during 2009 and other
taxes paid.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization decreased $9.8 million, or 6.6%,
for 2009 compared to 2008 primarily due to certain assets that had been fully depreciated during
2009. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in depreciation expense as a result of
capital improvements made at several hotel properties.
Impairment Charges. Impairment charges for our continuing operations of $148.7 million for
2009 related to the valuation allowance on the Extended Stay Hotels mezzanine loan and four other
mezzanine notes. Of the total impairment charges, $109.4 million was the valuation allowance
recorded for the Extended Stay Hotels mezzanine loan and $39.3 million for four other mezzanine
notes. Impairment charges totaling $70.2 million related to the Westin OHare hotel property and
the Hyatt Regency Dearborn hotel property were included in the operating results of discontinued
operations.
Corporate General and Administrative. Corporate general and administrative expense increased
$1.2 million in 2009 from 2008. The higher expenses for 2009 was primarily due to increases in (i)
accrued bonuses of $3.0 million resulting from the increased target incentives for certain
executives approved by the Board of Directors in September 2009; (ii) accrued legal expense of $1.7
million primarily associated with defaulted mezzanine loans; and (iii) accrual of $601,000 for tax
indemnities associated with the sale of two hotel properties in 2008. These increases were
partially offset by decreases in (i) stock-based compensation of $1.8 million as a result of
certain restricted stock awards granted in earlier years at a higher cost per share being fully
vested in the first quarter of 2009; (ii) accrued accounting and audit fees of $691,000; and (iii)
other corporate expenses resulting from the continued cost containment plans implemented at the
corporate level. In December 2008, we implemented a cost saving plan at the corporate level which
included reductions in overhead from staff layoffs, salary freezes, and other cost saving measures.
Equity Earnings (Loss) in Unconsolidated Joint Venture. Equity earnings in unconsolidated
joint venture were $2.5 million for 2009 and equity loss for 2008 was $2.2 million. Equity loss for
2008 was primarily a result of a mezzanine loan held by the joint venture that was fully reserved
in the fourth quarter of 2008. Excluding the valuation allowance, equity income recognized from the
joint venture was $3.3 million for 2008. The decrease was primarily due to the write-off of the
costs incurred by the joint venture for terminated transactions and the lost income on the fully
reserved loan.
Interest Income. Interest income decreased $1.8 million in 2009 compared to 2008 primarily due
to the significant decline in short-term interest rates during 2009.
Other Income. Other income was $56.6 million and $10.2 million in 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Other income included income from non-hedge interest rate swaps, floors and flooridors of $52.3
million and $10.4 million for 2009 and 2008, respectively. The increase was primarily due to
significant decreases in LIBOR rates that the derivatives are tied to as a result of the economic
downturn and new interest rate derivatives we entered into during 2009. Also included in 2009 were
a gain of $2.4 million recognized on the sale of a mezzanine note receivable, an income of $1.5
million recognized for business interruption insurance proceeds received related to hotel
properties sold in 2008, and a gain of $434,000 from the sale of our interest in a laundry joint
venture.
Interest Expense and Amortization of Loan Costs. Interest expense and amortization of loan
costs decreased $11.1 million to $133.0 million for 2009 from $144.1 million for 2008. The decline
was primarily attributable to the decrease in interest expense on our variable rate debt as a
result of continued decline in LIBOR rates. The average LIBOR rates were 0.33% and 2.71% for 2009
and 2008, respectively. The decrease was partially offset by the higher average debt balance during
2009.
Write-off of Loan Cost and Exit Fees. During 2009, our continuing operations refinanced
mortgage debt totaling $285.0 million. The unamortized premiums of $1.4 million and loan costs of
$985,000 on the refinanced loans were written off. During 2008, we wrote off unamortized loan costs
of $424,000 on the $127.2 million debt
13
that was refinanced with a $160.0 million debt and incurred $802,000 of prepayment penalties on the
payoff of another loan.
Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Derivatives. We recorded an unrealized loss of $31.8 million in
2009 and an unrealized gain of $79.6 million in 2008 on our interest rate derivatives. The decrease
was primarily a result of the movements in the LIBOR forward curve used in determining the fair
values during 2009.
Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense for continuing operations was $1.5 million and
$439,000 for 2009 and 2008, respectively. The increase in 2009 was primarily due to providing for
income taxes on one of our TRS subsidiaries that began to generate taxable income in 2009 and not
being able to record any tax benefits from TRS subsidiaries net operating loss carrybacks as was
done in 2008. The increase in 2009 was also due to an increase in the Texas Margin Tax resulting
from a larger portion of revenues attributable to operations in Texas.
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations. Loss from discontinued operations was $100.3
million for 2009 and income from discontinued operations was $47.4 million for 2008. Included in
income (loss) from discontinued operations for 2009 were impairment charges of $10.9 million and
$59.3 million related to the Hyatt Regency Dearborn property and the Westin OHare property,
respectively. The 2009 results also included a loss of $2.9 million from deconsolidation of the
Hyatt Regency Dearborn hotel property. For 2008, income from discontinued operations included
gains on sales of $48.5 million. Operating results of discontinued operations also reflected
interest and related debt expense of $14.1 million and $15.8 million for 2009 and 2008,
respectively. In addition, unamortized loan costs of $552,000 were written off in 2009 when the
related mortgage debt was refinanced. In 2008 unamortized loan costs of $1.8 million were written
off in 2008 when the related debt was repaid upon the sale of the hotel properties collateralizing
that debt. The 2008 results also reflect a $2.1 million write-off of loan premiums upon the sale of
related hotel property.
Loss (Income) from Consolidated Joint Ventures Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests.
During 2009 and 2008, the noncontrolling interest partners in consolidated joint ventures were
allocated a loss of $765,000 and an income of $1.4 million, respectively.
Net Loss (Income) Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Operating
Partnership. Net loss allocated to the noncontrolling interests and distributions paid to these
limited partners were $37.7 million for 2009. For 2008, income and distributions allocated to the
limited partners was $15.0 million.
INFLATION
We rely entirely on the performance of our properties and the ability of the properties
managers to increase revenues to keep pace with inflation. Hotel operators can generally increase
room rates rather quickly, but competitive pressures may limit their ability to raise rates faster
than inflation. Our general and administrative costs, real estate and personal property taxes,
property and casualty insurance, and utilities are subject to inflation as well.
SEASONALITY
Our properties operations historically have been seasonal as certain properties maintain
higher occupancy rates during the summer months and some during the winter months. This seasonality
pattern can cause fluctuations in our quarterly lease revenue under our percentage leases. We
anticipate that our cash flows from the operations of our properties will be sufficient to enable
us to make quarterly distributions to maintain our REIT status. To the extent that cash flows from
operations are insufficient during any quarter due to temporary or seasonal fluctuations in lease
revenue, we expect to utilize other cash on hand or borrowings to fund required distributions.
However, we cannot make any assurances that we will make distributions in the future.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
During 2010, we did not maintain any off-balance sheet arrangements and do not currently
anticipate any such arrangements.
14
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMITMENTS
The table below summarizes our future obligations for principal and estimated interest
payments on our debt, future minimum lease payments on our operating and capital leases with regard
to our continuing operations, each as of December 31, 2010 (in thousands):
Payments Due by Period | ||||||||||||||||||||
< 1 Year | 2-3 Years | 4-5 Years | > 5 Years | Total | ||||||||||||||||
Contractual obligations excluding extension options: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt obligations |
$ | 511,196 | $ | 200,112 | $ | 553,105 | $ | 1,253,751 | $ | 2,518,164 | ||||||||||
Capital lease obligations |
36 | | | | 36 | |||||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations |
4,429 | 6,794 | 5,943 | 111,913 | 129,079 | |||||||||||||||
Estimated interest obligations (1) |
128,224 | 237,574 | 211,756 | 105,101 | 682,655 | |||||||||||||||
Total contractual obligations |
$ | 643,885 | $ | 444,480 | $ | 770,804 | $ | 1,470,765 | $ | 3,329,934 | ||||||||||
Contractual obligations including extension
options(2): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt obligations |
$ | 343,994 | $ | 367,314 | $ | 553,105 | $ | 1,253,751 | $ | 2,518,164 | ||||||||||
Capital lease obligations |
36 | | | | 36 | |||||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations |
4,429 | 6,794 | 5,943 | 111,913 | 129,079 | |||||||||||||||
Estimated interest obligations (1) |
130,318 | 238,719 | 211,756 | 105,101 | 685,894 | |||||||||||||||
Total contractual obligations |
$ | 478,777 | $ | 612,827 | $ | 770,804 | $ | 1,470,765 | $ | 3,333,173 | ||||||||||
(1) | For variable interest rate indebtedness, interest obligations are estimated based on the LIBOR interest rate as of December 31, 2010. | |
(2) | Extensions exclude options subject to debt service coverage tests. |
In addition to the amounts discussed above, we also have management agreements which
require us to pay monthly management fees, market service fees and other general fees, if required.
These management agreements expire from 2012 through 2032. See Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Our accounting policies are fully described in Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. We believe that the
following discussion addresses our most critical accounting policies, representing those policies
considered most vital to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and
require managements most difficult, subjective, and complex judgments.
Management Agreements In connection with our acquisitions of Marriott Crystal
Gateway hotel in Arlington, Virginia, on July 13, 2006 and the 51-hotel CNL portfolio on April 11,
2007, we assumed certain existing management agreements. Based on our review of these management
agreements, we concluded that the terms of certain management agreements are more favorable to the
respective managers than typical current market management agreements. As a result, we recorded
unfavorable contract liabilities related to these management agreements of $23.4 million as of the
respective acquisition dates based on the present value of expected cash outflows over the initial
terms of the related agreements. Such unfavorable contract liabilities are being amortized as
non-cash reductions to incentive management fees on a straight-line basis over the initial terms of
the related agreements. In evaluating unfavorable contract liabilities, our analysis involves
considerable management judgment and assumptions.
Income Taxes At December 31, 2010, we had a valuation allowance of approximately
$65.2 million which substantially offsets our gross deferred tax asset. As a result of Ashford TRS
losses in 2010, 2009 and 2008, and the limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code on the
utilization of net operating losses of acquired subsidiaries, we believe that it is more likely
than not our gross deferred tax asset will not be realized, and therefore, have provided a
valuation allowance to substantially reserve the balance. At December 31, 2010, Ashford TRS has net
operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $114.6 million, which
are available to offset future taxable income, if any, through 2030. The analysis utilized in
determining our deferred tax asset valuation allowance involves considerable management judgment
and assumptions.
15
In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued accounting guidance
that clarified the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprises
financial statements. The guidance prescribes a financial statement recognition and measurement
attribute for the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a
tax return. The guidance also provides direction on derecognition, classification, interest and
penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. We classify interest and
penalties related to underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense. We and our subsidiaries
file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states and cities. Tax years
2007 through 2010 remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing
authorities. Income tax examinations of two of our TRS subsidiaries are currently in process; see
Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8. We believe that the
results of the completion of these examinations will not have a material adverse effect on our
financial condition.
Investment in Hotel Properties Hotel properties are generally stated at cost.
However, the Initial Properties contributed upon Ashfords formation are stated at the
predecessors historical cost, net of impairment charges, if any, plus a noncontrolling interest
partial step-up related to the acquisition of noncontrolling interests from third parties
associated with four of the Initial Properties. For hotel properties owned through our
majority-owned joint ventures, the carrying basis attributable to the joint venture partners
minority ownership is recorded at the predecessors historical cost, net of any impairment charges,
while the carrying basis attributable to our majority ownership is recorded based on the allocated
purchase price of our ownership interests in the joint ventures. All improvements and additions
which extend the useful life of the hotel properties are capitalized.
Impairment of Investment in Hotel Properties Hotel properties are reviewed for
impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not
be recoverable. We test impairment by using current or projected cash flows over the estimated
useful life of the asset. In evaluating the impairment of hotel properties, we make many
assumptions and estimates, including projected cash flows, expected holding period and expected
useful life. We may also use fair values of comparable assets. If an asset is deemed to be
impaired, we record an impairment charge for the amount that the propertys net book value exceeds
its estimated fair value. During 2010 and 2009, we recorded impairment charges of $75.6 million and
$70.2 million on hotel properties, respectively. Of these impairment charges, $35.7 million and
$70.2 million for 2010 and 2009, respectively, are included in the operating results of
discontinued operations. See the detailed discussion in Notes 3 and 15 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense Depreciation expense is based on the estimated
useful life of the assets, while amortization expense for leasehold improvements is based on the
shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related assets. Presently, hotel
properties are depreciated using the straight-line method over lives which range from 7.5 to 39
years for buildings and improvements and 3 to 5 years for furniture, fixtures, and equipment. While
we believe our estimates are reasonable, a change in estimated lives could affect depreciation
expense and net income (loss) as well as resulting gains or losses on potential hotel sales.
Assets Held For Sale and Discontinued Operations We classify assets as held for sale
when management has obtained a firm commitment from a buyer, and consummation of the sale is
considered probable and expected within one year. In addition, we deconsolidate a property when it
becomes subject to the control of a government, court, administrator or regulator and we
effectively lose control of the property/subsidiary. When deconsolidating a property/subsidiary, we
recognize a gain or loss in net income measured as the difference between the fair value of any
consideration received and the carrying amount of the former property/subsidiary. The related
operations of assets held for sale are reported as discontinued if a) such operations and cash
flows can be clearly distinguished, both operationally and financially, from the our ongoing
operations, b) such operations and cash flows will be eliminated from ongoing operations once the
disposal occurs, and c) we will not have any significant continuing involvement subsequent to the
disposal.
Notes Receivable We provide mezzanine and first-mortgage financing in the form of
notes receivable. These loans are held for investment and are intended to be held to maturity and
accordingly, are recorded at cost, net of unamortized loan origination costs and fees, loan
purchase discounts and net of the allowance for losses when a loan is deemed to be impaired.
Premiums, discounts, and net origination fees are amortized or accreted as an adjustment to
interest income using the effective interest method over the life of the loan. We discontinue
recording interest and amortizing discounts/premiums when the contractual payment of interest
and/or principal is not received. Payments received on impaired nonaccrual loans are recorded as
reductions to the note receivable balance. The net carrying
16
amount of the impaired notes receivable is adjusted to reflect the net present value of the future
cash flows with the adjustment recorded in impairment charges.
Our mezzanine and first-mortgage notes receivable are each secured by various hotel properties
or partnership interests in hotel properties and are subordinate to the senior holders in the
secured hotel properties. All such notes receivable are considered to be variable interests in the
entities that own the related hotels. Variable Interest Entities (VIE), as defined by
authoritative accounting guidance, must be consolidated by a reporting entity if the reporting
entity is the primary beneficiary that has: (i) the power to direct the VIEs activities that most
significantly impact the VIEs economic performance, (ii) an implicit financial responsibility to
ensure that a VIE operates as designed, and (iii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the
right to receive benefits from the VIE. Because we do not have the power and financial
responsibility to direct the mezzanine loan VIEs activities and operations, we are not considered
to be the primary beneficiary of these hotel properties as a result of holding these loans.
Therefore, we do not consolidate the hotels for which we have provided financing. We assess our
interests in those entities on an ongoing basis to determine whether such entities should be
consolidated. In evaluating VIEs, our analysis involves considerable management judgment and
assumptions.
Impairment of Notes Receivable We review notes receivable for impairment in each
reporting period pursuant to the applicable authoritative accounting guidance. A loan is impaired
when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all
amounts due according to the contractual terms. We apply normal loan review and underwriting
procedures (as may be implemented or modified from time to time) in making that judgment.
When a loan is impaired, we measure impairment based on the present value of expected cash
flows discounted at the loans effective interest rate against the value of the asset recorded on
the balance sheet. We may also measure impairment based on a loans observable market price or the
fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. If a loan is deemed to be impaired,
we record a valuation allowance through a charge to earnings for any shortfall. Our assessment of
impairment is based on considerable judgment and estimates. During 2010 and 2009, we recorded a
valuation allowance of $6.5 million and $148.7 million, net of subsequent valuation adjustments,
for our mezzanine loan portfolio. See Notes 4 and 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures Investments in joint ventures in which
we have ownership interests ranging from 14.4% to 50% are accounted for under the equity method of
accounting by recording the initial investment and our percentage of interest in the joint
ventures net income. The equity accounting method is employed due to the fact that we do not have
control or power to direct the activities of the joint venture, nor do we have the obligation to
absorb the loss of the joint venture or the rights to the joint ventures residual returns. We
review the investment in our unconsolidated joint venture for impairment in each reporting period
pursuant to the applicable authoritative accounting guidance. The investment is impaired when its
estimated fair value is less than the carrying amount of our investment. Any impairment is recorded
in equity earnings (loss) in unconsolidated joint venture.
The borrowers of the mezzanine loan tranches 4 and 6 held in our joint venture with PREI
related to the JER/Highland Hospitality portfolio stopped making debt service payments in August
2010 and we are currently negotiating a restructuring with their equity holders, senior secured
lenders and senior mezzanine lenders. Due to our junior participation status, it is expected the
tranche 6 mezzanine loan will be completely extinguished in the restructuring. As a result, we
recorded a valuation allowance of $21.6 million for the entire carrying value of our investment in
the joint venture on December 31, 2010. We did not record a valuation allowance for the tranche 4
mezzanine loan as the restructuring could result in a conversion of the mezzanine loan into equity
with us investing an additional amount.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedges We primarily use interest rate
derivatives to capitalize on the historical correlation between changes in LIBOR (London Interbank
Offered Rate) and RevPAR (Revenue per Available Room). Interest rate swaps (or reverse swaps)
involve the exchange of fixed-rate payments for variable-rate payments (or vice versa) over the
life of the derivative agreements without exchange of the underlying principal amount. Interest
rate caps designated as cash flow hedges provide us with interest rate protection above the strike
rate of the cap and result in us receiving interest payments when actual rates exceed the cap
strike. For interest rate floors, we pay our counterparty interest when the variable interest rate
index is below the strike rate. The interest rate flooridor combines two interest rate floors,
structured such that the purchaser simultaneously buys an interest
17
rate floor at a strike rate X and sells an interest rate floor at a lower strike rate Y. The
purchaser of the flooridor is paid when the underlying interest rate index (for example, LIBOR)
resets below strike rate X during the term of the flooridor. Unlike a standard floor, the flooridor
limits the benefit the purchaser can receive as the related interest rate index falls. Once the
underlying index falls below strike Y, the sold floor offsets the purchased floor. The interest
rate corridor involves purchasing an interest rate cap at strike rate X and selling an interest
rate cap with a higher strike rate Y. The purchaser of the corridor is paid when the underlying
interest rate index resets above the strike rate X during the term of the corridor. The corridor
limits the benefit the purchaser can receive as the related interest rate index rises above the
strike rate Y. There is no additional liability to us other than the purchase price associated with
the flooridor and corridor.
We account for the interest rate derivatives at fair value in accordance with the applicable
authoritative accounting guidance. All derivatives are recorded on the balance sheets at their fair
values and reported as Interest rate derivatives. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges,
the effective portion of changes in the fair value is reported as a component of Accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss) (OCI) in the equity section of the consolidated balance sheets. The
amount recorded in OCI is reclassified to interest expense in the same period or periods during
which the hedged transaction affects earnings, while the ineffective portion of changes in the fair
value of the derivative is recognized directly in earnings as Unrealized gain (loss) on
derivatives in the consolidated statements of operations. For derivatives that are not designated
as cash flow hedges, the changes in the fair value are recognized in earnings as Unrealized gain
(loss) on derivatives in the consolidated statements of operations. We assess the effectiveness of
each hedging relationship by comparing the changes in fair value or cash flows of the derivative
hedging instrument with the changes in fair value or cash flows of the designated hedged item or
transaction.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In December 2010, FASB issued an accounting standard update to require a public entity to
disclose pro forma information for business combinations that occurred in the current reporting
period. The disclosures include pro forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the
current reporting period as though the acquisition date for all business combinations that occurred
during the year had been as of the beginning of the annual reporting period. If comparative
financial statements are presented, the pro forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity for
the comparable prior reporting period should be reported as though the acquisition date for all
business combinations that occurred during the current year had been as of the beginning of the
comparable prior annual reporting period. The new disclosures are effective prospectively for
business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first
annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2010. We will adopt the new disclosure
requirements when a business combination occurs and do not expect the adoption will have an impact
on our financial position and results of operations.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
The following non-GAAP presentations of EBITDA and FFO are made to help our investors in
evaluating our operating performance. EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) attributable to the
Company before interest expense, interest income other than interest income from mezzanine loans,
income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and noncontrolling interests in the operating
partnership. We present EBITDA because we believe it provides useful information to investors as it
is an indicator of our ability to meet our future debt payment requirements, working capital
requirements and it provides an overall evaluation of our financial condition. EBITDA, as
calculated by us may not be comparable to EBITDA reported by other companies that do not define
EBITDA exactly as we define the term. EBITDA does not represent cash generated from operating
activities determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and
should not be considered as an alternative to operating income or net income determined in
accordance with GAAP as an indicator of performance or as an alternative to cash flows from
operating activities as determined by GAAP as a indicator of liquidity.
18
The following table reconciles net (loss) income to EBITDA (in thousands) (unaudited):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Net (loss) income |
$ | (61,792 | ) | $ | (288,660 | ) | $ | 145,671 | ||||
Loss (income) from consolidated joint ventures
attributable to noncontrolling interests |
1,683 | 765 | (1,444 | ) | ||||||||
Net loss (income) attributable to redeemable
noncontrolling interests in operating
partnership |
8,369 | 37,653 | (15,033 | ) | ||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to the Company |
(51,740 | ) | (250,242 | ) | 129,194 | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
141,547 | 153,907 | 172,262 | |||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
147,233 | 145,171 | 157,274 | |||||||||
Income tax (benefit) expense |
(132 | ) | 1,565 | 1,093 | ||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to redeemable
noncontrolling interests in operating
partnership |
(8,369 | ) | (37,653 | ) | 15,033 | |||||||
Interest income |
(273 | ) | (289 | ) | (2,020 | ) | ||||||
EBITDA (1) |
$ | 228,266 | $ | 12,459 | $ | 472,836 | ||||||
(1) | EBITDA is not adjusted for income received from interest rate derivatives because the related derivatives are not designated as hedges under ASC 815 and therefore, this income is reported as other income instead of a reduction of interest expense in accordance with GAAP. |
The White Paper on Funds From Operations (FFO) approved by the Board of Governors of
the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT) in April 2002 defines FFO as
net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses on sales of
properties and extraordinary items as defined by GAAP, plus depreciation and amortization of real
estate assets, and net of adjustments for the portion of these items attributable to noncontrolling
interests in the operating partnership. NAREIT developed FFO as a relative measure of performance
of an equity REIT to recognize that income-producing real estate historically has not depreciated
on the basis determined by GAAP. We compute FFO in accordance with our interpretation of standards
established by NAREIT, which may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs that either do
not define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or interpret the NAREIT
definition differently than us. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities as
determined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to a) GAAP net income or loss as
an indication of our financial performance or b) GAAP cash flows from operating activities as a
measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to satisfy our cash needs,
including our ability to make cash distributions. However, to facilitate a clear understanding of
our historical operating results, we believe that FFO should be considered along with our net
income or loss and cash flows reported in the consolidated financial statements.
The following table reconciles net (loss) income to FFO (in thousands) (unaudited):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Net (loss) income |
$ | (61,792 | ) | $ | (288,660 | ) | $ | 145,671 | ||||
Loss (income) from consolidated joint ventures attributable
to noncontrolling interests |
1,683 | 765 | (1,444 | ) | ||||||||
Net loss (income) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling
interests in operating partnership |
8,369 | 37,653 | (15,033 | ) | ||||||||
Preferred dividends |
(21,194 | ) | (19,322 | ) | (26,642 | ) | ||||||
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders |
(72,934 | ) | (269,564 | ) | 102,552 | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization on real estate |
141,285 | 153,621 | 171,791 | |||||||||
Gain (loss) on sale/disposition of properties/note receivable |
(55,931 | ) | 511 | (48,514 | ) | |||||||
Gain on insurance settlement |
| (1,329 | ) | | ||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling
interests in operating partnership |
(8,369 | ) | (37,653 | ) | 15,033 | |||||||
FFO |
$ | 4,051 | $ | (154,414 | ) | $ | 240,862 | |||||
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Our primary market risk exposure consists of changes in interest rates on borrowings under our
debt instruments, our derivatives portfolio and notes receivable that bear interest at variable
rates that fluctuate with market interest rates. The analysis below presents the sensitivity of the
market value of our financial instruments to selected changes in market interest rates.
19
At December 31, 2010, the total indebtedness of $2.5 billion of our continuing operations
included $662.5 million of variable-rate debt. The impact on the results of operations of a
25-basis point change in interest rate on the outstanding balance of variable-rate debt at December
31, 2010 would be approximately $1.6 million per year. Interest rate changes will have no impact on
the remaining $1.9 billion of fixed rate debt.
The above amounts were determined based on the impact of hypothetical interest rates on our
borrowings and assume no changes in our capital structure. As the information presented above
includes only those exposures that existed at December 31, 2010, it does not consider exposures or
positions that could arise after that date. Accordingly, the information presented herein has
limited predictive value. As a result, the ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to interest
rate fluctuations will depend on exposures that arise during the period, the hedging strategies at
the time, and the related interest rates.
We primarily use interest rate derivatives in order to capitalize on the historical
correlation between changes in LIBOR and RevPAR. Beginning in March 2008, we entered into various
interest rate swap, cap, floor, and flooridor transactions that were not designated as hedges. The
changes in the fair market values of these transactions are noncash items and recorded in earnings.
Based on the LIBOR rates in effect on December 31, 2010, the interest rate derivatives we entered
into since 2008 have resulted in cash income of approximately $62.9 million for 2010 and expect to
result in income of approximately $70.4 million for 2011.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
21 | |||
Consolidated Balance Sheets December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
22 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Operations Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 |
23 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and
2008 |
24 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 |
25 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 |
26 | |||
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
27 |
20
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Ashford Hospitality Trust,
Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related
consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, changes in equity, and cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010. These financial statements
are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express
an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material
respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company at December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the
consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2010, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States), Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and subsidiaries internal control
over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control
Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission, and our report dated March 4, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP | ||||
Dallas, Texas
March 4, 2011, except for
Notes 1, 2, 6, 11, 19, 20, and 22 as to which
the date is October 20, 2011
March 4, 2011, except for
Notes 1, 2, 6, 11, 19, 20, and 22 as to which
the date is October 20, 2011
21
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share amounts)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share amounts)
December 31, | ||||||||
2010 | 2009 | |||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Investments in hotel properties, net |
$ | 3,023,736 | $ | 3,383,759 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
217,690 | 165,168 | ||||||
Restricted cash |
67,666 | 77,566 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $298 and $492, respectively |
27,493 | 31,503 | ||||||
Inventories |
2,909 | 2,975 | ||||||
Notes receivable, net of allowance of $16,875 and $148,679, respectively |
20,870 | 55,655 | ||||||
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture |
15,000 | 20,736 | ||||||
Assets held for sale |
144,511 | | ||||||
Deferred costs, net |
17,519 | 20,960 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses |
12,727 | 13,234 | ||||||
Interest rate derivatives |
106,867 | 94,645 | ||||||
Other assets |
7,502 | 3,471 | ||||||
Intangible asset, net |
2,899 | 2,988 | ||||||
Due from third-party hotel managers |
49,135 | 41,838 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 3,716,524 | $ | 3,914,498 | ||||
Liabilities and Equity |
||||||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||
Indebtedness of continuing operations |
$ | 2,518,164 | $ | 2,772,396 | ||||
Indebtedness of assets held for sale |
50,619 | | ||||||
Capital leases payable |
36 | 83 | ||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
79,248 | 91,387 | ||||||
Dividends payable |
7,281 | 5,566 | ||||||
Unfavorable management contract liabilities |
16,058 | 18,504 | ||||||
Due to related party |
2,400 | 1,009 | ||||||
Due to third-party hotel managers |
1,870 | 1,563 | ||||||
Other liabilities |
4,627 | 7,932 | ||||||
Other liabilities of assets held for sale |
2,995 | | ||||||
Total liabilities |
2,683,298 | 2,898,440 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11) |
||||||||
Series B-1 cumulative convertible redeemable preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 7,247,865 shares and 7,447,865
shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
72,986 | 75,000 | ||||||
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership |
126,722 | 85,167 | ||||||
Equity: |
||||||||
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized |
||||||||
Series A cumulative preferred stock, 1,487,900 shares issued and outstanding |
15 | 15 | ||||||
Series D cumulative preferred stock, 8,966,797 and 5,666,797 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,
2010 and 2009 |
90 | 57 | ||||||
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 123,403,896 shares and 122,748,859 shares
issued at December 31, 2010 and 2009; 58,999,324 shares and 57,596,878 shares outstanding at December 31,
2010 and 2009 |
1,234 | 1,227 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
1,552,657 | 1,436,009 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(550 | ) | (897 | ) | ||||
Accumulated deficit |
(543,788 | ) | (412,011 | ) | ||||
Treasury stock, at cost, 64,404,569 and 65,151,981 shares at December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
(192,850 | ) | (186,424 | ) | ||||
Total shareholders equity of the Company |
816,808 | 837,976 | ||||||
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures |
16,710 | 17,915 | ||||||
Total equity |
833,518 | 855,891 | ||||||
Total liabilities and equity |
$ | 3,716,524 | $ | 3,914,498 | ||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
22
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Revenue |
||||||||||||
Rooms |
$ | 640,989 | $ | 626,434 | $ | 758,119 | ||||||
Food and beverage |
151,105 | 152,366 | 190,650 | |||||||||
Rental income from operating leases |
5,436 | 5,650 | 6,218 | |||||||||
Other |
39,291 | 41,632 | 46,500 | |||||||||
Total hotel revenue |
836,821 | 826,082 | 1,001,487 | |||||||||
Interest income from notes receivable |
1,378 | 10,876 | 24,050 | |||||||||
Asset management fees and other |
425 | 726 | 2,013 | |||||||||
Total revenue |
838,624 | 837,684 | 1,027,550 | |||||||||
Expenses |
||||||||||||
Hotel operating expenses: |
||||||||||||
Rooms |
148,308 | 142,425 | 162,531 | |||||||||
Food and beverage |
105,229 | 106,909 | 132,277 | |||||||||
Other expenses |
266,199 | 266,964 | 307,704 | |||||||||
Management fees |
34,909 | 34,184 | 41,412 | |||||||||
Total hotel expenses |
554,645 | 550,482 | 643,924 | |||||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
49,389 | 53,097 | 52,136 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
132,651 | 138,620 | 148,435 | |||||||||
Impairment charges |
46,404 | 148,679 | | |||||||||
Gain on insurance settlement |
| (1,329 | ) | | ||||||||
Transaction acquisition and contract termination costs |
7,001 | | | |||||||||
Corporate general and administrative |
30,619 | 29,951 | 28,702 | |||||||||
Total expenses |
820,709 | 919,500 | 873,197 | |||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
17,915 | (81,816 | ) | 154,353 | ||||||||
Equity (loss) earnings in unconsolidated joint venture |
(20,265 | ) | 2,486 | (2,205 | ) | |||||||
Interest income |
283 | 297 | 2,062 | |||||||||
Other income |
62,826 | 56,556 | 10,153 | |||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
(140,609 | ) | (132,997 | ) | (144,068 | ) | ||||||
Write-off of premiums, loan costs and exit fees |
(3,893 | ) | 371 | (1,226 | ) | |||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives |
12,284 | (31,782 | ) | 79,620 | ||||||||
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes |
(71,459 | ) | (186,885 | ) | 98,689 | |||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) |
155 | (1,508 | ) | (439 | ) | |||||||
(Loss) income from continuing operations |
(71,304 | ) | (188,393 | ) | 98,250 | |||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations |
9,512 | (100,267 | ) | 47,421 | ||||||||
Net (loss) income |
(61,792 | ) | (288,660 | ) | 145,671 | |||||||
Loss (income) from consolidated joint ventures attributable to
noncontrolling interests |
1,683 | 765 | (1,444 | ) | ||||||||
Net loss (income) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling
interests in operating partnership |
8,369 | 37,653 | (15,033 | ) | ||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to the Company |
(51,740 | ) | (250,242 | ) | 129,194 | |||||||
Preferred dividends |
(21,194 | ) | (19,322 | ) | (26,642 | ) | ||||||
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders |
$ | (72,934 | ) | $ | (269,564 | ) | $ | 102,552 | ||||
(Loss) income per share basic and diluted: |
||||||||||||
(Loss) income from continuing operations attributable to
common shareholders |
$ | (1.59 | ) | $ | (2.67 | ) | $ | 0.53 | ||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to
common shareholders |
0.16 | (1.26 | ) | 0.38 | ||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to common shareholders |
$ | (1.43 | ) | $ | (3.93 | ) | $ | 0.91 | ||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding basic and diluted |
51,159 | 68,597 | 111,295 | |||||||||
Dividends declared per common share |
$ | | $ | | $ | 0.63 | ||||||
Amounts attributable to common shareholders: |
||||||||||||
(Loss) income from continuing operations, net of tax |
$ | (60,158 | ) | $ | (163,582 | ) | $ | 86,398 | ||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |
8,418 | (86,660 | ) | 42,796 | ||||||||
Preferred dividends |
(21,194 | ) | (19,322 | ) | (26,642 | ) | ||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to common shareholders |
$ | (72,934 | ) | $ | (269,564 | ) | $ | 102,552 | ||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
23
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
(in thousands)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Net (loss) income |
$ | (61,792 | ) | $ | (288,660 | ) | $ | 145,671 | ||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |
||||||||||||
Change in unrealized loss on derivatives |
(136 | ) | (235 | ) | (952 | ) | ||||||
Reclassification to interest expense |
632 | 206 | 58 | |||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments |
| | (126 | ) | ||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |
496 | (29 | ) | (1,020 | ) | |||||||
Total comprehensive (loss) income |
(61,296 | ) | (288,689 | ) | 144,651 | |||||||
Less: Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to
noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint
ventures |
1,590 | 749 | (1,226 | ) | ||||||||
Less: Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to
redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating
partnership |
8,313 | 37,661 | (15,033 | ) | ||||||||
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to the Company |
$ | (51,393 | ) | $ | (250,279 | ) | $ | 128,392 | ||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
24
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(in thousands)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(in thousands)
Redeemable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling | Noncontrolling | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred Stock | Additional | Accumulated Other | Interests in | Interests in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series A | Series D | Common Stock | Paid-in | Accumulated | Comprehensive | Treasury Stock | Consolidated | Operating | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Amounts | Shares | Amounts | Shares | Amounts | Capital | Deficit | Income/(Loss) | Shares | Amounts | Joint Ventures | Total | Partnership | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at January 31, 2008 |
2,300 | $ | 23 | 8,000 | $ | 80 | 122,766 | $ | 1,228 | $ | 1,455,917 | $ | (153,664 | ) | $ | (115 | ) | (2,390 | ) | $ | (18,466 | ) | $ | 19,036 | $ | 1,304,039 | $ | 101,031 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchases of preferred stock |
(115 | ) | (1 | ) | (1,606 | ) | (16 | ) | | | (9,872 | ) | | | | | | (9,889 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchases of treasury shares |
| | | | | | | | | (34,028 | ) | (96,951 | ) | | (96,951 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of restricted shares/units under
stock/unit-based compensation |
| | | | | | (1,651 | ) | | | 214 | 1,742 | | 91 | 53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock/unit-based compensation expense |
| | | | | | 5,761 | | | | | | 5,761 | 981 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Forfeiture of restricted shares |
| | | | (17 | ) | (1 | ) | 1 | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Redemption/conversion of operating partnership units |
| | | | | | (10 | ) | | | 10 | 77 | | 67 | (67 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments to noncontrolling interest balances assumed
at acquisition |
| | | | | | | | | | | 395 | 395 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contributions from noncontrolling interests |
| | | | | | | | | | | 52 | 52 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |
| | | | | | | | | | | (1,354 | ) | (1,354 | ) | (9,562 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | | | | | | 129,194 | | | | 1,444 | 130,638 | 15,033 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared common shares |
| | | | | | | (73,670 | ) | | | | | (73,670 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared Preferred A shares |
| | | | | | | (4,855 | ) | | | | | (4,855 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared Preferred B-1 shares |
| | | | | | | (5,735 | ) | | | | | (5,735 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared Preferred D shares |
| | | | | | | (16,052 | ) | | | | | (16,052 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in unrealized loss on derivatives |
| | | | | | | | (734 | ) | | | (218 | ) | (952 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification to interest expense |
| | | | | | | | 58 | | | | 58 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments |
| | | | | | | | (126 | ) | | | | (126 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment resulting from sale of property |
| | | | | | | | 57 | | | | 57 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2008 |
2,185 | 22 | 6,394 | 64 | 122,749 | 1,227 | 1,450,146 | (124,782 | ) | (860 | ) | (36,194 | ) | (113,598 | ) | 19,355 | 1,231,574 | 107,469 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchases of preferred stock |
(697 | ) | (7 | ) | (727 | ) | (7 | ) | | | (10,642 | ) | | | | | | (10,656 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchases of treasury stock |
| | | | | | | | | (30,058 | ) | (81,329 | ) | | (81,329 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of restricted shares under stock-based
compensation |
| | | | | | (8,426 | ) | | | 1,100 | 8,503 | | 77 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock/unit-based compensation expense |
| | | | | | 3,977 | | | | | | 3,977 | 983 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contributions from noncontrolling interests |
| | | | | | | | | | | 281 | 281 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |
| | | | | | | | | | | (972 | ) | (972 | ) | (2,827 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | | | | | (250,242 | ) | | | | (765 | ) | (251,007 | ) | (37,653 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared Preferred A shares |
| | | | | | | (3,180 | ) | | | | | (3,180 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared Preferred B-1 shares |
| | | | | | | (4,171 | ) | | | | | (4,171 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared Preferred D shares |
| | | | | | | (11,971 | ) | | | | | (11,971 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in unrealized loss on derivatives |
| | | | | | | | (202 | ) | | | | (202 | ) | (33 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification to interest expense |
| | | | | | | | 165 | | | 16 | 181 | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Redemption/conversion of operating partnership units |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | (381 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred compensation to be settled in shares |
| | | | | | 954 | | | | | | 954 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment to reflect redemption value of operating units |
| | | | | | | (17,665 | ) | | | | | (17,665 | ) | 17,584 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2009 |
1,488 | 15 | 5,667 | 57 | 122,749 | 1,227 | 1,436,009 | (412,011 | ) | (897 | ) | (65,152 | ) | (186,424 | ) | 17,915 | 855,891 | 85,167 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchases of treasury stock |
| | | | | | | | | (7,158 | ) | (45,087 | ) | | (45,087 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reissuance of treasury stock |
| | | | | | 34,478 | | | 7,500 | 35,572 | | 70,050 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of Series D preferred stock |
| | 3,300 | 33 | | | 72,151 | | | | | | 72,184 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of restricted shares/units under
stock/unit-based compensation |
| | | | | | (3,536 | ) | | | 469 | 3,536 | | | 54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock/unit based compensation expense |
| | | | | | 4,129 | | | | | | 4,129 | 2,909 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Forfeiture of restricted shares |
| | | | | | 146 | | | (63 | ) | (447 | ) | | (301 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contributions from noncontrolling interests |
| | | | | | | | | | | 1,033 | 1,033 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |
| | | | | | | | | | | (648 | ) | (648 | ) | (2,942 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | | | | | (51,740 | ) | | | | (1,683 | ) | (53,423 | ) | (8,369 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared Preferred A shares |
| | | | | | | (3,180 | ) | | | | | (3,180 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared Preferred B-1 shares |
| | | | | | | (4,143 | ) | | | | | (4,143 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared Preferred D shares |
| | | | | | | (13,871 | ) | | | | | (13,871 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in unrealized loss on derivatives |
| | | | | | | | (101 | ) | | | (14 | ) | (115 | ) | (21 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification to interest expense |
| | | | | | | | 448 | | | 107 | 555 | 77 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conversion of Series B-1 preferred stock |
| | | | 200 | 2 | 2,012 | | | | | | 2,014 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Redemption/conversion of operating partnership units |
| | | | 455 | 5 | 3,677 | (212 | ) | | | | | 3,470 | (8,784 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred compensation to be settled in shares |
| | | | | | 3,591 | | | | | | 3,591 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment to reflect redemption value of operating units |
| | | | | | | (58,631 | ) | | | | | (58,631 | ) | 58,631 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2010 |
1,488 | $ | 15 | 8,967 | $ | 90 | 123,404 | $ | 1,234 | $ | 1,552,657 | $ | (543,788 | ) | $ | (550 | ) | (64,404 | ) | $ | (192,850 | ) | $ | 16,710 | $ | 833,518 | $ | 126,722 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
25
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |
||||||||||||
Net (loss) income |
$ | (61,792 | ) | $ | (288,660 | ) | $ | 145,671 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash flows provided by operating
activities: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
145,326 | 157,107 | 174,365 | |||||||||
Impairment charges |
82,054 | 218,877 | | |||||||||
Equity loss (earnings) in unconsolidated joint venture |
20,265 | (2,486 | ) | 2,205 | ||||||||
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated joint venture |
492 | 873 | 1,800 | |||||||||
Income from derivatives |
(62,906 | ) | (52,282 | ) | (10,352 | ) | ||||||
(Gain) loss on sale of properties/notes receivable, net |
(55,905 | ) | 511 | (48,514 | ) | |||||||
Gain on insurance settlement |
| (1,329 | ) | | ||||||||
Amortization of loan costs, write-off of loan costs, premiums and exit fees, net |
9,731 | 7,881 | 7,650 | |||||||||
Amortization discounts and deferred costs and income on notes receivable, net |
| (3,129 | ) | (9,051 | ) | |||||||
Unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives |
(12,284 | ) | 31,782 | (79,620 | ) | |||||||
Stock/unit-based compensation |
7,067 | 5,037 | 6,834 | |||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |
||||||||||||
Restricted cash |
9,900 | (7,806 | ) | (16,934 | ) | |||||||
Accounts receivable and inventories |
3,065 | (4,677 | ) | 13,607 | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
(4,167 | ) | 1,084 | 6,570 | ||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
8,922 | 1,784 | (39,327 | ) | ||||||||
Due to/from related parties |
1,370 | (1,369 | ) | (337 | ) | |||||||
Due to/from third-party hotel managers |
(6,606 | ) | 4,280 | (6,378 | ) | |||||||
Other liabilities |
(1,885 | ) | (1,864 | ) | (3,194 | ) | ||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
82,647 | 65,614 | 144,995 | |||||||||
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |
||||||||||||
Acquisitions/originations of notes receivable |
| | (138,039 | ) | ||||||||
Proceeds from sale/payments of notes receivable |
28,284 | 13,355 | 23,165 | |||||||||
Investment in unconsolidated joint venture |
(15,000 | ) | | (17,877 | ) | |||||||
Cash released at disposition of hotel properties |
(3,458 | ) | (3,494 | ) | | |||||||
Improvements and additions to hotel properties |
(62,205 | ) | (69,176 | ) | (127,293 | ) | ||||||
Net proceeds from sale of assets/properties |
4,903 | 858 | 428,499 | |||||||||
Proceeds from property insurance |
| 13,703 | | |||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |
(47,476 | ) | (44,754 | ) | 168,455 | |||||||
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |
||||||||||||
Borrowings on indebtedness and capital leases |
259,000 | 208,800 | 833,400 | |||||||||
Repayments of indebtedness and capital leases |
(365,702 | ) | (196,772 | ) | (741,634 | ) | ||||||
Payments of loan costs and prepayment penalties |
(7,080 | ) | (5,903 | ) | (7,845 | ) | ||||||
Payments of dividends |
(24,008 | ) | (22,867 | ) | (138,620 | ) | ||||||
Purchases of treasury stock |
(45,087 | ) | (81,327 | ) | (96,920 | ) | ||||||
Purchase of preferred stock |
| (10,656 | ) | (9,889 | ) | |||||||
Payments for derivatives |
(75 | ) | (38,058 | ) | (9,914 | ) | ||||||
Cash income from derivatives |
62,212 | 50,928 | 8,599 | |||||||||
Proceeds from preferred stock offering |
72,208 | |||||||||||
Proceeds from common stock offering |
70,443 | | | |||||||||
Contributions from noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures |
1,033 | | | |||||||||
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in joint ventures |
(333 | ) | (972 | ) | (1,354 | ) | ||||||
Redemption of operating partnership units and other |
(5,260 | ) | (462 | ) | 53 | |||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
17,351 | (97,289 | ) | (164,124 | ) | |||||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |
52,522 | (76,429 | ) | 149,326 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
165,168 | 241,597 | 92,271 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |
$ | 217,690 | $ | 165,168 | $ | 241,597 | ||||||
Supplemental Cash Flow Information |
||||||||||||
Interest paid |
$ | 142,998 | $ | 137,252 | $ | 160,255 | ||||||
Income taxes paid |
$ | 1,424 | $ | 651 | $ | 276 | ||||||
Supplemental Disclosure of Investing and Financing Activities |
||||||||||||
Accrued interest added to principal of indebtedness |
$ | 4,042 | $ | | $ | | ||||||
Assets transferred to receivership/lender |
$ | 54,625 | $ | 36,177 | $ | | ||||||
Liabilities transferred to receivership/lender |
$ | 110,837 | $ | 33,290 | $ | | ||||||
Note receivable contributed to unconsolidated joint venture |
$ | | $ | | $ | 5,230 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
26
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
1. Organization and Description of Business
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (Ashford), is a self-advised
real estate investment trust (REIT) focused on investing in the hospitality industry across all
segments and in all methods including direct real estate, securities, equity, and debt. We
commenced operations in August 2003 with the acquisition of six hotels (the Initial Properties)
in connection with our initial public offering. We own our lodging investments and conduct our
business through Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership, our operating partnership. Ashford OP
General Partner LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ashford, serves as the sole general partner of
our operating partnership. In this report, the terms the Company, we, us or our mean
Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. and all entities included in its consolidated financial statements.
As of December 31, 2010, we owned 94 hotel properties directly and six hotel properties
through majority-owned investments in joint ventures, which represents 21,734 total rooms, or
21,392 net rooms excluding those attributable to joint venture partners. All of these hotel
properties are located in the United States. At December 31, 2010, 96 of the 100 hotels were
included in our continuing operations. At December 31, 2010, we also wholly owned mezzanine or
first-mortgage loan receivables with a carrying value of $20.9 million and had ownership interests
in two joint ventures that own mezzanine loans.
For federal income tax purposes, we elected to be treated as a REIT, which imposes limitations
related to operating hotels. As of December 31, 2010, 99 of our 100 hotel properties were leased or
owned by our wholly-owned subsidiaries that are treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries for federal
income tax purposes (collectively, these subsidiaries are referred to as Ashford TRS). Ashford
TRS then engages third-party or affiliated hotel management companies to operate the hotels under
management contracts. Hotel operating results related to these properties are included in the
consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2010, one hotel property was leased on a
triple-net lease basis to a third-party tenant who operates the hotel. Rental income from this
operating lease is included in the consolidated results of operations.
Remington Lodging & Hospitality, LLC (Remington Lodging), our primary property manager, is
beneficially wholly owned by Mr. Archie Bennett, Jr., our Chairman, and Mr. Monty J. Bennett, our
Chief Executive Officer. As of December 31, 2010, Remington Lodging managed 46 of our 100 hotel
properties, while third-party management companies managed the remaining 54 hotel properties.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include
the accounts of Ashford, its majority-owned subsidiaries and its majority-owned joint ventures in
which it has a controlling interest. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions
between consolidated entities have been eliminated in these consolidated financial statements.
Marriott International, Inc. (Marriott) manages 41 of our properties. For these
Marriott-managed hotels, the fiscal year reflects 12 weeks of operations for each of the first
three quarters of the year and 16 weeks for the fourth quarter of the year. For 2008,
Marriott-managed hotels reflected 17 weeks of operations for the fourth quarter. Therefore, in any
given quarterly period, period-over-period results will have different ending dates. For
Marriott-managed hotels, the fourth quarters of 2010, 2009 and 2008 ended December 31, 2010,
January 1, 2010 and January 2, 2009, respectively.
Use of Estimates The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ
from those estimates.
27
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand or held in
banks and short-term investments with an initial maturity of three months or less at the date of
purchase.
Restricted Cash Restricted cash includes reserves for debt service, real estate
taxes, and insurance, as well as excess cash flow deposits and reserves for furniture, fixtures,
and equipment replacements of approximately 4% to 6% of property revenue for certain hotels, as
required by certain management or mortgage debt agreement restrictions and provisions.
Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consists primarily of meeting and banquet
room rental and hotel guest receivables. We generally do not require collateral. Ongoing credit
evaluations are performed and an allowance for potential credit losses is provided against the
portion of accounts receivable that is estimated to be uncollectible.
Inventories Inventories, which primarily consist of food, beverages, and gift store
merchandise, are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined using the
first-in, first-out method.
Investments in Hotel Properties Hotel properties are generally stated at cost.
However, the six hotel properties contributed upon Ashfords formation (the Initial Properties)
in 2003, are stated at the predecessors historical cost, net of impairment charges, if any, plus a
noncontrolling interest partial step-up related to the acquisition of noncontrolling interests from
third parties associated with four of the Initial Properties. For hotel properties owned through
our majority-owned joint ventures, the carrying basis attributable to the joint venture partners
minority ownership is recorded at the predecessors historical cost, net of any impairment charges,
while the carrying basis attributable to our majority ownership is recorded based on the allocated
purchase price of our ownership interests in the joint ventures. All improvements and additions
which extend the useful life of the hotel properties are capitalized.
Impairment of Investment in Hotel Properties Hotel properties are reviewed for
impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not
be recoverable. We test impairment by using current or projected cash flows over the estimated
useful life of the asset. In evaluating the impairment of hotel properties, we make many
assumptions and estimates, including projected cash flows, expected holding period and expected
useful life. We may also use fair values of comparable assets. If an asset is deemed to be
impaired, we record an impairment charge for the amount that the propertys net book value exceeds
its estimated fair value. During 2010 and 2009, we recorded impairment charges of $75.6 million and
$70.2 million on hotel properties, respectively. Of these impairment charges, $35.7 million and
$70.2 million for 2010 and 2009, respectively, are included in the operating results of
discontinued operations. See the detailed discussion in Notes 3, 6 and 15.
Notes Receivable We provide mezzanine and first-mortgage financing in the form of
notes receivable. These loans are held for investment and are intended to be held to maturity and
accordingly, are recorded at cost, net of unamortized loan origination costs and fees, loan
purchase discounts and net of the allowance for losses when a loan is deemed to be impaired.
Premiums, discounts, and net origination fees are amortized or accreted as an adjustment to
interest income using the effective interest method over the life of the loan. We discontinue
recording interest and amortizing discounts/premiums when the contractual payment of interest
and/or principal is not received. Payments received on impaired nonaccrual loans are recorded as
adjustments to impairment charges.
Variable interest entities, as defined by authoritative accounting guidance, must be
consolidated by their controlling interest beneficiaries if the variable interest entities do not
effectively disperse risks among the parties involved. Our mezzanine and first-mortgage notes
receivable are each secured by various hotel properties or partnership interests in hotel
properties and are subordinate to the controlling interest in the secured hotel properties. All
such notes receivable are considered to be variable interests in the entities that own the related
hotels. However, we are not considered to be the primary beneficiary of these hotel properties as a
result of holding these loans. Therefore, we do not consolidate the hotels for which we have
provided financing. We will evaluate the interests in entities acquired or created in the future to
determine whether such entities should be consolidated. In evaluating variable interest entities,
our analysis involves considerable management judgment and assumptions.
28
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Impairment of Notes Receivable We review notes receivables for impairment in each
reporting period pursuant to the applicable authoritative accounting guidance. A loan is impaired
when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all
amounts recorded as assets on the balance sheet. We apply normal loan review and underwriting
procedures (as may be implemented or modified from time to time) in making that judgment.
When a loan is impaired, we measure impairment based on the present value of expected cash
flows discounted at the loans effective interest rate against the value of the asset recorded on
the balance sheet. We may also measure impairment based on a loans observable market price or the
fair value of collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. If a loan is deemed to be impaired,
we record a valuation allowance through a charge to earnings for any shortfall. Our assessment of
impairment is based on considerable judgment and estimates. During 2010 and 2009, we recorded a
valuation allowance of $6.5 million and $148.7 million, net of subsequent valuation adjustments,
for our mezzanine loan portfolio. See Notes 4 and 15.
Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures Investments in joint ventures in which
we have ownership interests ranging from 14.4% to 50% are accounted for under the equity method of
accounting by recording the initial investment and our percentage of interest in the joint
ventures net income. The equity accounting method is employed due to the fact that we do not
control the joint venture and are not the primary beneficiary of the joint venture pursuant to the
applicable authoritative accounting guidance. We review the investment in our unconsolidated joint
venture for impairment in each reporting period pursuant to the applicable authoritative accounting
guidance. The investment is impaired when its estimated fair value is less than the carrying amount
of our investment. Any impairment is recorded in equity earnings (loss) in unconsolidated joint
venture. In 2010, we recorded a valuation allowance of $21.6 million to fully reserve our
investment in a joint venture that holds mezzanine loans. See Note 5.
Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations We classify assets as held for
sale when management has obtained a firm commitment from a buyer, and consummation of the sale is
considered probable and expected within one year. In addition, we deconsolidate a property when it
becomes subject to the control of a government, court, administrator or regulator and we
effectively lose control of the property/subsidiary. When deconsolidating a property/subsidiary, we
recognize a gain or loss in net income measured as the difference between the fair value of any
consideration received and the carrying amount of the former property/subsidiary. The related
operations of assets held for sale are reported as discontinued if a) such operations and cash
flows can be clearly distinguished, both operationally and financially, from our ongoing
operations, b) such operations and cash flows will be eliminated from ongoing operations once the
disposal occurs, and c) we will not have any significant continuing involvement subsequent to the
disposal.
Deferred Costs, net Deferred loan costs are recorded at cost and amortized over the
terms of the related indebtedness using the effective interest method. Deferred franchise fees are
amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related franchise agreements.
Due to/from Affiliates Due to/from affiliates represents current receivables and
payables resulting from transactions related to hotel management and project management with
affiliated entities. Due from affiliates results primarily from advances of shared costs incurred.
Due to affiliates results primarily from hotel management and project management fees incurred.
Both due to and due from affiliates are generally settled within a period not exceeding one year.
Due to/from Third-Party Hotel Managers Due from third-party hotel managers
primarily consists of amounts due from Marriott related to cash reserves held at the Marriott
corporate level related to operating, capital improvements, insurance, real estate taxes, and other
items.
Unfavorable Management Contract Liabilities Certain management agreements assumed
in the acquisition of a hotel in 2006 and the CNL acquisition in 2007 have terms that are more
favorable to the respective managers than typical market management agreements at the acquisition
dates. As a result, we recorded unfavorable contract liabilities related to those management
agreements totaling $23.4 million based on the present value of expected cash outflows over the
initial terms of the related agreements. The unfavorable contract liabilities are amortized as
reductions to incentive management fees on a straight-line basis over the initial terms of the
related agreements. In
29
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
evaluating unfavorable contract liabilities, our analysis involves considerable management judgment
and assumptions.
Noncontrolling Interests The redeemable noncontrolling interests in the operating
partnership represent the limited partners proportionate share of equity in earnings/losses of the
operating partnership, which is an allocation of net income attributable to the common unit holders
based on the weighted average ownership percentage of these limited partners common unit holdings
throughout the period plus distributions paid to these limited partners Class B unit holdings. The
redeemable noncontrolling interests in our operating partnership is classified in the mezzanine
section of the consolidated balance sheets as these redeemable operating units do not meet the
requirements for equity classification prescribed by the authoritative accounting guidance because
the redemption feature requires the delivery of cash or registered shares. The carrying value of
the noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership is based on the greater of the
accumulated historical cost or the redemption value.
The noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures represent ownership interests
ranging from 11% to 25% of six hotel properties held by three joint ventures, and are reported in
equity in the consolidated balance sheets.
Net income/loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the operating
partnership and income/loss from consolidated joint ventures attributable to noncontrolling
interests in our consolidated joint ventures are reported as deductions/additions from/to net
income/loss. Comprehensive income/loss attributable to these noncontrolling interests is reported
as reductions/additions from/to comprehensive income/loss.
Guarantees Upon acquisition of the 51-hotel CNL portfolio on April 11, 2007, we
assumed certain guarantees, which represent funds provided by third-party hotel managers to
guarantee minimum returns for certain hotel properties. As we are obligated to repay such amounts
through increased incentive management fees through cash reimbursements, such guarantees are
recorded as other liabilities. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, these liabilities totaled
$344,000.
Revenue Recognition Hotel revenues, including room, food, beverage, and ancillary
revenues such as long-distance telephone service, laundry, and space rentals, are recognized when
services have been rendered. Rental income represents income from leasing hotel properties to
third-party tenants on triple-net operating leases. Base rent on the triple-net lease is recognized
on a straight-line basis over the lease terms and variable rent is recognized when earned. Interest
income, representing interest on the mezzanine and first mortgage loan portfolio (including
accretion of discounts on certain loans using the effective interest method), is recognized when
earned. We discontinue recording interest and amortizing discounts/premiums when the contractual
payment of interest and/or principal is not received. Asset management fees are recognized when
services are rendered. Taxes collected from customers and submitted to taxing authorities are not
recorded in revenue. For the hotel leased to a third party, we report deposits into our escrow
accounts for capital expenditure reserves as income.
Other Expenses Other expenses include telephone charges, guest laundry, valet
parking, and hotel-level general and administrative fees, sales and marketing expenses, repairs and
maintenance, franchise fees and utility costs. They are expensed as incurred.
Advertising Costs Advertising costs are charged to expense as incurred. For the
years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, our continuing operations incurred advertising costs
of $2.4 million, $2.9 million and $4.0 million, respectively. Advertising costs related to
continuing operations are included in Other expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement
of operations.
Stock/Unit-Based Compensation Stock/unit-based compensation is accounted for at the
fair value based on the market price of the shares at the date of grant in accordance with
applicable authoritative accounting guidance. The fair value is charged to compensation expense on
a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the shares/units.
Depreciation and Amortization Owned hotel properties are depreciated over the
estimated useful life of the assets and leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of
the lease term or the estimated useful life of the related assets. Presently, hotel properties are
depreciated using the straight-line method over lives ranging from 7.5 to 39 years for buildings
and improvements and three to five years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. While we
30
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
believe our estimates are reasonable, a change in estimated useful lives could affect depreciation
expense and net income (loss) as well as resulting gains or losses on potential hotel sales.
Income Taxes As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal corporate
income tax on the portion of our net income (loss) that does not relate to taxable REIT
subsidiaries. However, Ashford TRS is treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary for federal income tax
purposes. In accordance with authoritative accounting guidance, we account for income taxes related
to Ashford TRS using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities
are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial
statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective bases. In
addition, the analysis utilized by us in determining our deferred tax asset valuation allowance
involves considerable management judgment and assumptions.
In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued accounting guidance
that clarified the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprises
financial statements. The guidance prescribes a financial statement recognition and measurement
attribute for the recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a
tax return. The guidance also provides direction on derecognition, classification, interest and
penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. We classify interest and
penalties related to underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense. We and our subsidiaries
file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states and cities. Tax years
2007 through 2010 remain subject to potential examination by certain federal and state taxing
authorities. Income tax examinations of two of our TRS subsidiaries are currently in process. We
believe that the results of the completion of these examinations will not have a material adverse
effect on our financial condition.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging We primarily use interest rate derivatives in
order to capitalize on the historical correlation between changes in LIBOR (London Interbank
Offered Rate) and RevPAR (Revenue per Available Room). Interest rate swaps (or reverse swaps)
involve the exchange of fixed-rate payments for variable-rate payments (or vice versa) over the
life of the derivative agreements without exchange of the underlying principal amount. Interest
rate caps designated as cash flow hedges provide us with interest rate protection above the strike
rate on the cap and result in us receiving interest payments when actual rates exceed the cap
strike. For interest rate floors, we pay our counterparty interest when the variable interest rate
index is below the strike rate. The interest rate flooridor combines two interest rate floors,
structured such that the purchaser simultaneously buys an interest rate floor at a strike rate X
and sells an interest rate floor at a lower strike rate Y. The purchaser of the flooridor is paid
when the underlying interest rate index (for example, LIBOR) resets below strike rate X during the
term of the flooridor. Unlike a standard floor, the flooridor limits the benefit the purchaser can
receive as the related interest rate index falls. Once the underlying index falls below strike Y,
the sold floor offsets the purchased floor. The interest rate corridor involves purchasing of an
interest rate cap at one strike rate X and selling an interest rate cap with a higher strike rate
Y. The purchaser of the corridor is paid when the underlying interest rate index resets above the
strike rate X during the term of the corridor. The corridor limits the benefit the purchaser can
receive as the related interest rate index rises above the strike rate Y. There is no liability to
us other than the purchase price associated with the flooridor and corridor.
All derivatives are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value in accordance
with the applicable authoritative accounting guidance and reported as Interest rate derivatives.
Accrued interest on the nonhedge-designated derivatives is included in Accounts receivable, net
on the consolidated balance sheets. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective
portion of changes in the fair value is reported as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive
income (loss) (OCI) in the equity section of the consolidated balance sheets. The amount
recorded in OCI is reclassified to interest expense in the same period or periods during which the
hedged transaction affects earnings, while the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of
the derivative is recognized directly in earnings as Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives in the
consolidated statements of operations. For derivatives that are not designated as cash flow hedges,
the changes in the fair value are recognized in earnings as Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives
in the consolidated statements of operations. We assess the effectiveness of each hedging
relationship by comparing the changes in fair value or cash flows of the derivative hedging
instrument with the changes in fair value or cash flows of the designated hedged item or
transaction. Derivatives subject to master netting arrangements are reported net in the
consolidated balance sheets.
31
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Income (Loss) Per Share Basic income (loss) per common share is calculated by
dividing net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average common
shares outstanding during the period using the two-class method prescribed by applicable
authoritative accounting guidance. Diluted income (loss) per common share reflects the potential
dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or
converted into common shares, whereby such exercise or conversion would result in lower income per
share under the two-class method.
Reclassifications Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements for the
years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 have been reclassified for discontinued operations. These
reclassifications have no effect on our cash flows, equity or net
(loss) income previously
reported.
Reclassification of Discontinued Operations for a Property Sold in July 2011 In July 2011, we completed the sale of the Hampton Inn hotel property in Jacksonville, Florida and
received net cash proceeds of $9.6 million. We recorded an impairment charge of $6.2 million during
the quarter ended June 30, 2011, based on the selling price. The accompanying consolidated
statements of operations and related footnotes have been restated to reclassify the hotel property
as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The reclassification has no effect on our cash flows, equity or net (loss) income previously reported.
The assets related to the hotel property have not been reclassified to assets held for sale as the
criteria was not met as of December 31, 2010. At December 31, 2010, the hotel property had an
investment in real estate assets of $16.6 million and other assets of $36,000.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In June 2009, FASB issued authoritative
accounting guidance to redefine the characteristics of the primary beneficiary to be identified
when an enterprise performs an analysis to determine whether the enterprises variable interest
gives it a controlling financial interest in a VIE. This accounting guidance became effective at
the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning after November 15, 2009, for interim
periods within that first annual reporting period and for interim and annual reporting periods
thereafter. The new guidance requires an enterprise to assess whether it has an implicit financial
responsibility to ensure that a VIE operates as designed and ongoing reassessments of whether it is
the primary beneficiary of a VIE. It also amends certain previous guidance for determining whether
an entity is a VIE and eliminates the quantitative approach previously required for determining the
primary beneficiary of a VIE. As of January 1, 2010, we adopted this new guidance and the adoption
of the new guidance did not have a material effect on our financial condition and results of
operations.
In January 2010, the FASB issued an accounting standard update to require additional
disclosures for transfers in and out of levels 1 and 2 of the fair value input hierarchy and the
activity in level 3 fair value measurements. The accounting update also requires disclosures about
inputs and valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value for both recurring and
nonrecurring fair value measurements. The new disclosures and clarifications of existing
disclosures are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15,
2009, except for the disclosures about the level 3 activity that are effective for fiscal periods
beginning after December 15, 2010, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted
the disclosure requirements as of January 1, 2010 and the required disclosures are presented in the
related footnotes. The adoption of these accounting rules did not have a material impact on our
financial position and results of operations.
In July 2010, the FASB issued an accounting standard update to require disclosures about the
credit quality of financing receivables and the allowance for losses on a disaggregated basis. The
accounting standard update defines two levels of disaggregation: portfolio segment and class of
financing receivable. It also requires additional disclosures by class about credit quality
indicators and the aging of past due financing receivables at the end of each reporting period, the
nature and extent of troubled debt restructurings that occurred during the period, the nature and
extent of financing receivables modified as troubled debt restructurings within the previous 12
months that defaulted during the reporting period, and significant purchases and sales of financing
receivables disaggregated by portfolio segment. The disclosures as of the end of a reporting period
are effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending on or after December 15, 2010, except
for the disclosures about troubled debt restructuring, the effective date of which was deferred in
January 2010 until June 15, 2011. The disclosures about activity that occurs during a reporting
period are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15,
2010. As of December 31, 2010, we have made the required new disclosures under this accounting
guidance and the adoption did not result in a material impact on our financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards In December 2010, FASB issued an accounting
standard update to require a public entity to disclose pro forma information for business
combinations that occurred in the current reporting period. The disclosures include pro forma
revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the current reporting period as though the
acquisition date for all business combinations that occurred during the year had been as of the
beginning of the annual reporting period. If comparative financial statements are presented, the
pro forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the comparable prior reporting period
should be reported as though the acquisition date for all business combinations that occurred
during the current year had been as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting
period. The new disclosures are effective prospectively for business combinations for which the
acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period
32
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
beginning on or after December 15, 2010. We will adopt the new disclosure requirements when a
business combination occurs and do not expect the adoption will have an impact on our financial
position and results of operations.
3. Investment in Hotel Properties
Investment in hotel properties consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||
2010 | 2009 | |||||||
Land |
$ | 488,901 | $ | 520,180 | ||||
Buildings and improvements |
2,774,822 | 3,002,249 | ||||||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |
383,860 | 394,246 | ||||||
Construction in progress |
4,473 | 10,984 | ||||||
Total cost |
3,652,056 | 3,927,659 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation |
(628,320 | ) | (543,900 | ) | ||||
Investment in hotel properties, net |
$ | 3,023,736 | $ | 3,383,759 | ||||
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we recognized depreciation expense,
including depreciation of assets under capital leases and discontinued hotel properties, of $144.9
million, $156.7 million and $173.6 million, respectively.
The authoritative accounting guidance requires non-financial assets be measured at fair value
when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset will not be
recoverable. An asset is considered impaired if the carrying value of the hotel property exceeds
its estimated undiscounted cash flows and the impairment is calculated as the amount by which the
carrying value of the hotel property exceeds its estimated fair value. Our investments in hotel
properties are reviewed for impairment at each reporting period, taking into account the latest
operating cash flows and market conditions and their impact on future projections. Management uses
considerable subjective and complex judgments in determining the assumptions used to estimate the
fair value and undiscounted cash flows, and believes these are assumptions that would be consistent
with the assumptions of market participants.
At December 31, 2010, the Hilton hotel property in Tucson, Arizona had a reasonable
probability of being sold in the near future. Based on our assessment of the purchase price
obtained from potential buyers, we recorded an impairment charge of $39.9 million.
33
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
4. Notes Receivable
Notes receivable consisted of the following at December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 ($
in thousands):
Impaired Loans | Impaired Loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average Recorded | Interest Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recognized | Impairment | Investment | Recognized | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Age as of | Investment | Status at | As of | Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrual | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Status | 2010 | 2010 | 2009 | 2010 | 2009 | 2010 | 2009 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mezzanine loan with unpaid
principal balance of $25,688,
secured by 105 hotel
properties, matures April 2011,
at an interest rate of LIBOR
plus 5%, with interest-only
payments through maturity, net
of valuation allowance of $7,800 at December 31, 2010 |
Performing but non-accrual | Current at December 31, 2010 | $ | 17,888 | $ | 25,688 | Yes | No | $ | 25,088 | $ | | $ | | * | $ | | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Mezzanine loan with unpaid
principal balance of $7,056,
secured by one hotel property,
matures January 2011, at an
interest rate of LIBOR plus 9%,
net of valuation allowance of
$-0- at December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
Impaired and settled in 2010 | Not applicable | | 7,056 | N/A | No | 5,877 | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mezzanine loan with principal
balance of $38,000, secured by
one hotel property, matures
June 2017, at an interest rate
of 9.66%, net of valuation
allowance of $9,075 and $10,123 at December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
Modified | Current at December 31, 2010 | 2,982 | 22,955 | N/A | Yes | | 30,290 | | 3,009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mezzanine loan with principal
balance of $164,000, secured by
681 extended-stay hotel
properties, matured June 2009,
at an interest rate of LIBOR
plus 2.5%, net of valuation
allowance of -0- and $109,356
at December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
Charged-off in 2010 | Not applicable | | | N/A | Yes | | 50,076 | | 4,689 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mezzanine loan with principal
balance of $18,200, secured by
one hotel property, matured
October 2008, at an interest
rate of LIBOR plus 9%, net of
valuation allowance of $-0- and
$18,200 at December 31, 2010
and 2009 |
Charged-off in 2010 | Not applicable | | | N/A | Yes | | 10,500 | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mezzanine loan with principal
balance of $7,000, secured by
one hotel property, matured
September 2009, at an interest
rate of LIBOR plus 6.5%, net of
valuation allowance of $-0- and
$7,000 at December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
Settled and charged-off in 2010 | Not applicable | | | N/A | Yes | | 3,231 | | 245 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mezzanine loan with principal
balance of $4,000, secured by
one hotel property, matured
July 2009, at an interest rate
of LIBOR plus 5.75%, net of
valuation allowance of $-0- and
$4,000 at December 31, 2010 and
2009 |
Charged-off in 2010 | Not applicable | | | N/A | Yes | | 1,846 | | 60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20,870 | 55,699 | $ | 30,965 | $ | 95,943 | $ | | $ | 8,003 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred income |
| (44 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net notes receivable |
$ | 20,870 | $ | 55,655 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average interest rate** |
| % | 2.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* | Interest income of $1.4 million was recognized on this loan for both 2010 and 2009 before it was impaired on December 31, 2010. | |
** | Due to impairment charges recorded on these mezzanine loans, no interest income is expected to be recorded in the future, therefore, the weighted average interest rate is zero percent. |
34
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Notes receivable in our portfolio are evaluated for collectability for each reporting
period. The process of evaluating the collectability involves significant judgment. Therefore,
there is at least a reasonable possibility that a change in our estimates regarding collectability
will occur in the future. Valuation allowance recorded for loans impaired according to our analysis
is included in Impairment charges in the consolidated statements of operations.
In evaluating possible loan impairments, we analyze our notes receivable individually and
collectively for possible loan losses in accordance with applicable authoritative accounting
guidance. Based on the analysis, if we conclude that no loans are individually impaired, we then
further analyze the specific characteristics of the loans, based on other authoritative guidance to
determine if there would be probable losses in a group of loans with similar characteristics.
The loans in our portfolio are collateralized by hotel properties. Some loans are
collateralized by single hotel properties and others by hotel portfolios. The hotel properties are
in different geographic locations, have different ages and a few of the properties have recently
completed significant renovations which have a significant impact on the value of the underlying
collateral. The hotel properties include independent and nationally recognized brands in all
segments and classes including luxury, economy, extended-stay, full service, and select service. In
addition, our loan assets can vary by position in the related borrowers capital structure, ranging
from junior mortgage participations to mezzanine loans. The terms of our notes or participations
were structured based on the different features of the related collateral and the priority in the
borrowers capital structure.
We evaluated the collectability of the mezzanine loan secured by 105 hotel properties maturing
in April 2011, and weighted different probabilities of outcome from full payment at maturity to a
foreclosure by the senior lender. Based on this analysis, we recorded an impairment charge of $7.8
million on December 31, 2010.
In May 2010, the mezzanine loan with principal balance of $7.0 million secured by the Le
Meridien hotel property in Dallas, Texas was settled with a cash payment of $1.1 million. The loan
was fully reserved in 2009 as the borrower ceased making debt service payments on the loan. As a
result of the settlement, the $1.1 million was recorded as a credit to impairment charges in
accordance with authoritative accounting guidance for impaired loans.
Principal and interest payments were not made since October 2008, on the $18.2 million junior
participation note receivable secured by the Four Seasons hotel property in Nevis. The underlying
hotel property suffered significant damage by Hurricane Omar. We discontinued recording interest on
this note beginning in October 2008. In 2009, we recorded impairment charge to fully reserve this
note receivable. In May 2010, the senior mortgage lender foreclosed on the loan. As a result of the
foreclosure, our interest in the senior mortgage was converted to a 14.4% subordinate beneficial
interest in the equity of the trust that holds the hotel property. Due to our junior status in the
trust, we have not recorded any value for our beneficial interest at December 31, 2010.
In February 2010, the mezzanine loan secured by the Ritz-Carlton hotel property in Key
Biscayne, Florida, with a principal amount of $38.0 million and a net carrying value of $23.0
million at December 31, 2009 was restructured. In connection with the restructuring, we received a
cash payment of $20.2 million and a $4.0 million note receivable. We recorded a net impairment
charge of $10.7 million in 2009 on the original mezzanine loan. The restructured note bears an
interest rate of 6.09% and matures in June 2017 with interest only payments through maturity. The
note was recorded at its net present value of $3.0 million at restructuring, based on its future
cash flows. The interest payments are recorded as reductions of the principal of the note
receivable, and the valuation adjustments to the net carrying amount of this note are recorded as a
credit to impairment charges.
Interest payments since March of 2009 were not made on the $7.1 million junior participation
note receivable maturing January 2011 secured by a hotel property in La Jolla, California. In
accordance with our accounting policy, we discontinued recording interest and fee income on this
note beginning in March 2009. In August 2010, we reached an agreement with the borrower of the $7.1
million junior participation note receivable secured by the hotel property to settle the loan.
Pursuant to the settlement agreement, we received total cash payments of $6.2 million in 2010. We
recorded a net impairment charge of $836,000 based on the expected cash settlement.
The borrower of the $4.0 million junior participation loan collateralized by the Sheraton
hotel property in Dallas, Texas due in July 2009 has been in default since May 11, 2009. Based on a
third-party appraisal, it is unlikely that we would be able to recover our full investment due to
our junior status. As a result, we recorded a
35
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
valuation allowance for the full amount of the note receivable during 2009. In February 2010, we
and the senior note holder of the participation note receivable formed Redus JV for the purposes of
holding, managing or disposing of the Sheraton hotel property in Dallas, Texas, which
collateralized our $4.0 million principal amount junior participating note receivable that matured
in July 2009. The note receivable was fully reserved in 2009. We have an 18% subordinated interest
in Redus JV. In March 2010, the foreclosure was completed and the estimated fair value of the
property was $14.2 million based on a third-party appraisal. Pursuant to the operating agreement of
Redus JV, as a junior lien holder of the original participation note receivable, we are only
entitled to receive our share of distributions after the original senior note holder has recovered
its original investment of $18.4 million and Redus JV intends to sell the hotel property in the
next 12 months. It is unlikely that the senior holder will be able to recover its original
investment. Therefore, no cash flows were projected from Redus JV for the projected holding period.
Under the applicable authoritative accounting guidance, we recorded a zero value for our 18%
subordinated interest in Redus JV.
In November 2009, we completed the sale of the $11.0 million mezzanine loan receivable secured
by the Westin Westminster hotel property that was defeased by the original borrower. We negotiated
for the release of the portfolio of government agency securities serving as the defeased loan
collateral, and sold the actual securities via an auction for $13.6 million. We received net
proceeds of $13.3 million and recorded a gain of $2.4 million which is included in Other income
in the consolidated statements of operations.
In June 2009, Extended Stay Hotels, LLC (ESH), the issuer of our $164 million principal
balance mezzanine loan receivable secured by 681 hotels with initial maturity in June 2009, filed
for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection from its creditors. This mezzanine loan was originally
purchased for $98.4 million. At the time of ESHs bankruptcy filing, a discount of $11.4 million
had been amortized to increase the carrying value of the note to $109.4 million. We anticipated
that ESH, through its bankruptcy filing, would attempt to impose a plan of reorganization which
could extinguish our investment. Accordingly, we recorded a valuation allowance of $109.4 million
in earnings for the full amount of the book value of the note. In October 2010, the ESH bankruptcy
proceedings were completed and settled with new owners. The full amount of the valuation allowance
was charged off in 2010.
5. Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
We have an 18% subordinated interest in Redus JV that holds the Sheraton hotel property in
Dallas, Texas, and a 14.4% subordinated beneficial interest in a trust that holds the Four Seasons
hotel property in Nevis, both of which have a zero carrying value. In addition, we have ownership
interests in two joint ventures with PREI that invest in mezzanine loans. The investment in the
mezzanine loan joint ventures consisted of the following ($ in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||
2010 | 2009 | |||||||
25% of a mezzanine loan acquired
at a discounted price, secured by 28
hotel properties, matured August 2010,
at an interest rate of LIBOR plus
2.75%, and with interest-only payments
through maturity |
$ | 20,997 | $ | 20,221 | ||||
25% of a mezzanine loan at par
value, secured by two hotel
properties, matures January 2018, at
an interest rate of 14%, with
interest-only payments through
maturity |
5,461 | 5,461 | ||||||
Valuation allowance |
(27,051 | ) | (5,461 | ) | ||||
A partial interest in a mezzanine
loan acquired at a discounted price,
secured by 28 hotel properties,
matured August 2010, at an interest
rate of LIBOR plus 2.00%, and with
interest-only payments through
maturity |
15,000 | | ||||||
Other, net |
129 | 106 | ||||||
Distributions |
(3,165 | ) | (2,673 | ) | ||||
Equity income since inception before
discounts amortization and impairment
charges |
3,629 | 3,082 | ||||||
Total |
$ | 15,000 | $ | 20,736 | ||||
In July 2010, as a strategic complement to our existing joint venture with PREI in 2008,
we contributed $15 million for an ownership interest in a new joint venture with PREI. The new
joint venture acquired a tranche 4 mezzanine loan associated with JER Partners 2007 privatization
of the JER/Highland Hospitality portfolio. The
36
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
mezzanine loan is secured by the same 28 hotel properties as our existing joint venture investment
in tranche 6 of a mezzanine loan portfolio.
The borrowers of these mezzanine loans stopped making debt service payments in August 2010 and
we are currently negotiating a restructuring with their equity holders, senior secured lenders and
senior mezzanine lenders. Due to our junior participation status, it is expected the tranche 6
mezzanine loan will be completely extinguished in the restructuring. As a result, we recorded a
valuation allowance of $21.6 million for the entire carrying value of our investment in the joint
venture on December 31, 2010. We did not record a valuation allowance for the tranche 4 mezzanine
loan as the restructuring could result in a conversion of the mezzanine loan into equity with us
investing an additional amount.
Beginning in October 2008, the borrower of the mezzanine note receivable of $21.5 million
maturing 2018 defaulted on the debt service payments on both the first mortgage and its mezzanine
loan. After an impairment test, we and our joint venture partner determined to provide a loss
reserve for the entire amount of the loan balance of $21.5 million and related deferred loan costs.
The valuation allowance of $5.5 million reflects our 25% share of the impairment charge taken by
the PREI JV.
6. Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
We have entered into asset sale agreements for the sale of the JW Marriott hotel property in
San Francisco, California, the Hilton hotel property in Rye Town, New York, and the Hampton Inn
hotel property in Houston, Texas. Based on the selling price, we recorded an impairment charge of
$23.6 million on the Hilton Rye Town property in the fourth quarter of 2010 and expect these sales
to close in the first quarter of 2011. In February 2011, the sale of the JW Marriott hotel property
was completed and we received net cash proceeds of $43.6 million. In addition, in July 2011, we
completed the sale of the Hampton Inn hotel property in Jacksonville, Florida and received net cash
proceeds of $9.6 million.
In June 2010, we entered into an agreement to sell the Hilton Suites in Auburn Hills, Michigan
for $5.1 million, and the sale was completed in September 2010. Based on the sales price, we
recorded an impairment charge of $12.1 million for the expected loss in June 2010 on the sale and
an additional loss of $283,000 based on net proceeds received at closing. In addition, in September
2010, we completed the consensual transfer of the Westin OHare hotel property in Rosemont,
Illinois that secured a $101.0 million non-recourse mortgage loan to its lender. The hotel property
was deconsolidated from our financial statements and a gain of $56.2 million was recognized upon
deconsolidation. An impairment charge of $59.3 million was previously recorded on the Westin OHare
hotel property in the fourth quarter of 2009 as we wrote down the hotel property to its estimated
fair value.
Beginning in June 2009, we ceased making payments on the note payable of $29.1 million secured
by the Hyatt Regency Dearborn hotel property, due to the fact that the operating cash flows from
the hotel property were not anticipated to cover the principal and interest payments on the note
and the related capital expenditures on the property. The lender issued a notice of default and an
acceleration notice. We did not cure the notice of default and intended to fully settle the debt
via a judicial foreclosure of the hotel property. As a result, we wrote down the hotel property to
its estimated fair value and recorded an impairment charge of $10.9 million. In determining the
fair value of the property, we obtained a market analysis based on eight recent hotel sales in the
Midwest region provided by a third party. Those sales ranged from a low of $33,000 per key to a
high of $125,000 per key. We evaluated the analysis and determined that the note payable balance on
the Dearborn hotel property of $29.1 million, or $38,000 per key, was within the price range and
approximated the fair value of the hotel property. Effective December 3, 2009, a receiver appointed
by the State of Michigan circuit court completed taking possession and full control of the hotel
property and was authorized to sell the property to settle the indebtedness. As a result, the hotel
property and related debt were deconsolidated and a loss of $2.9 million was recognized at
deconsolidation.
Beginning in December 2009, we elected to cease making payments on the note payable of $101.0
million secured by the Westin OHare hotel property as the operating cash flows from the hotel
property were inadequate to cover the debt service payments. As a result, we recorded an impairment
charge of $59.3 million to write down the hotel property to its estimated fair value of $50.0
million. The fair value was determined based on market analyses performed by third parties. Those
analyses employed the discounted cash flow method using forecasted cash flows,
including the estimated residual value, discounted at rates that were based on the market yields of
the similar hotel
37
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
class and similar hotel sales. The forecasted cash flows also considered the
hotel propertys declining market shares, the decline in advanced bookings, and the sharp RevPAR
decline in Chicago OHare submarket. It also projected an improved market starting in 2011 and
assumed a market recovery leading to an increase in RevPAR of over 70% of the projected holding
period. In September 2010, we successfully negotiated a consensual transfer of the underlying hotel
property to the lender and the related non-recourse mortgage loan was settled.
The assets of hotel properties under contracts to sell have been reclassified as assets held
for sale in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2010. The operating results of all the
hotel properties discussed above that are under contracts to sell or were sold, including the
related impairment charges, for all periods presented have been reported as discontinued operations
in the consolidated statements of operations. For 2009 and 2008, discontinued operations also
include the operating results of the Hyatt Dearborn hotel property as a result of a receiver
appointed by the State of Michigan circuit court taking possession and full control of the Hyatt
Dearborn hotel property which resulted in the hotel property being deconsolidated effective
December 3, 2009. In addition to the properties discussed above, discontinued operations for 2008
included 11 hotel properties that were sold in 2008.
In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the inputs used in determining the fair
values are categorized into three levels: level 1 inputs are inputs obtained from quoted prices in
active markets for identical assets, level 2 inputs are significant other inputs that are
observable for the assets either directly or indirectly, and level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs
for the asset and reflect our own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would
use in pricing the asset.
The following table presents our hotel properties measured at fair value aggregated by the
level in the fair value hierarchy within which measurements fall on a non-recurring basis at
December 31, 2010 and 2009, and related impairment charges recorded (in thousands):
Impairment | ||||||||||||||||||||
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | Charges | ||||||||||||||||
2010 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Hilton Rye Town |
$ | | $ | | $ | 34,790 | (1) | $ | 34,790 | (1) | $ | 23,583 | (1) | |||||||
Hilton Auburn Hills |
| | | | 12,068 | (1) | ||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | | $ | | $ | 34,790 | $ | 34,790 | $ | 35,651 | ||||||||||
2009 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Hyatt Regency Dearborn |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 10,871 | (2) | |||||||||
Westin OHare |
| | 50,000 | (2) | 50,000 | (2) | 59,328 | (2) | ||||||||||||
Total |
$ | | $ | | $ | 50,000 | $ | 50,000 | $ | 70,199 | ||||||||||
(1) | The impairment charges were taken in the quarter ended December 31, 2010 and June 30, 2010, for the Hilton Rye Town property and the Hilton Auburn Hills property, respectively, based on their respective anticipated net sales prices of $34.8 million and $5.0 million, respectively. | |
(2) | The impairment charges were taken in the quarters ended December 31, 2009 and June 30, 2009, for the Westin OHare property and the Hyatt Regency Dearborn property, respectively, based on their respective estimated fair value of $50.0 million and $29.1 million, respectively. |
38
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table summarizes the operating results of the discontinued operations ($ in
thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Results of operations: |
||||||||||||
Hotel revenues |
$ | 75,216 | $ | 102,177 | $ | 226,245 | ||||||
Hotel operating expenses |
(59,770 | ) | (86,485 | ) | (170,352 | ) | ||||||
Operating income |
15,446 | 15,692 | 55,893 | |||||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
(4,997 | ) | (9,685 | ) | (14,930 | ) | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
(12,675 | ) | (18,486 | ) | (25,931 | ) | ||||||
Impairment charge |
(35,651 | ) | (70,199 | ) | | |||||||
Gain (loss) on disposal/sales of properties |
55,905 | (2,887 | ) | 48,514 | ||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan costs |
(8,494 | ) | (14,093 | ) | (15,794 | ) | ||||||
Write-off of loan costs, premiums and exit fees, net |
| (552 | ) | 323 | ||||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes |
9,534 | (100,210 | ) | 48,075 | ||||||||
Income tax expense |
(22 | ) | (57 | ) | (654 | ) | ||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations |
9,512 | (100,267 | ) | 47,421 | ||||||||
Income from consolidated joint ventures attributable to
noncontrolling interests |
(122 | ) | (24 | ) | (160 | ) | ||||||
(Income) loss from discontinued operations attributable to
redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating partnership |
(972 | ) | 13,631 | (4,465 | ) | |||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to the
Company |
$ | 8,418 | $ | (86,660 | ) | $ | 42,796 | |||||
At December 31, 2010, assets held for sale had investment in hotel properties of $143.8
million, deferred loan costs and other intangibles of $679,000, indebtedness of $50.6 million and
other liabilities of $3.0 million. At December 31, 2009, the hotel properties discontinued in 2010
had investment in hotel properties of $243.3 million, and deferred loan costs of $769,000,
indebtedness of $157.8 million and other liabilities of $3.2 million.
7. Deferred Costs
Deferred costs consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||
2010 | 2009 | |||||||
Deferred loan costs |
$ | 30,770 | $ | 32,417 | ||||
Deferred franchise fees |
4,151 | 4,044 | ||||||
Total costs |
34,921 | 36,461 | ||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(17,402 | ) | (15,501 | ) | ||||
Deferred costs, net |
$ | 17,519 | $ | 20,960 | ||||
8. Intangible Asset, net
Intangible asset consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||
2010 | 2009 | |||||||
Costs |
$ | 3,233 | $ | 3,233 | ||||
Accumulated amortization |
(334 | ) | (245 | ) | ||||
Intangible asset, net |
$ | 2,899 | $ | 2,988 | ||||
Intangible asset represents a favorable market-rate lease which relates to the purchase price
allocated to a hotel property in the CNL Portfolio and is being amortized over the remaining lease
term that expires in 2043.
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, amortization expense related to
intangibles was $89,000, $89,000 and $67,000, respectively. Estimated future amortization expense
is $89,000 for each of the next five years.
39
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
9. Indebtedness
Indebtedness of our continuing operations and the carrying values of related collateral were
as follows at December 31, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands):
December 31, 2010 | December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Book | Book | |||||||||||||||||||||
Debt | Value of | Debt | Value of | |||||||||||||||||||
Indebtedness | Collateral | Maturity | Interest Rate | Balance | Collateral | Balance | Collateral | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
1 hotel | January 2011(1) | 8.32% | $ | 5,775 | $ | 8,222 | $ | 5,816 | $ | 8,426 | |||||||||||
Senior credit
facility |
Notes Receivable | April 2011(2) | LIBOR(3) + 2.75% to 3.5%(4) | 115,000 | 28,670 | 250,000 | 55,655 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
10 hotels | May 2011(2) | LIBOR(3) + 1.65% | 167,202 | 218,133 | 167,202 | 225,762 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
5 hotels | December 2011 | LIBOR (3) + 1.72% | 203,400 | 233,818 | 203,400 | 241,080 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
1 hotel | March 2012(5) | LIBOR (3) + 4% | | | 60,800 | 128,290 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
1 hotel | March 2013 | Greater of 6.25% or LIBOR(3) + 3.75% | | * | | * | 52,500 | 96,807 | |||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
2 hotels | August 2013 | LIBOR (3) + 2.75% | 150,383 | 271,907 | 156,600 | 268,865 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
1 hotel | December 2014 | Greater of 5.5% or LIBOR(3) + 3.5% | 19,740 | 22,198 | 19,740 | 64,146 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
8 hotels | December 2014 | 5.75% | 108,940 | 83,255 | 110,899 | 85,172 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
1 hotel | January 2015 | 7.78% | | * | | * | 4,345 | 18,565 | |||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
10 hotels | July 2015 | 5.22% | 159,001 | 172,324 | 160,490 | 177,685 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
8 hotels | December 2015 | 5.70% | 100,576 | 80,794 | 100,576 | 83,973 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
5 hotels | December 2015 | 12.26% | 148,013 | 329,242 | 141,402 | 335,331 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
5 hotels | February 2016 | 5.53% | 114,629 | 126,238 | 115,645 | 131,356 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
5 hotels | February 2016 | 5.53% | 95,062 | 103,595 | 95,905 | 107,812 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
5 hotels | February 2016 | 5.53% | 82,345 | 105,708 | 83,075 | 109,306 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
1 hotel | December 2016(6) | 5.81% | | | 101,000 | 49,978 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
1 hotel | April 2017 | 5.91% | 35,000 | 96,622 | ** | 35,000 | 99,799 | ** | |||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
5 hotels | April 2017 | 5.95% | 128,251 | 150,747 | 128,251 | 155,706 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
3 hotels | April 2017 | 5.95% | 260,980 | 289,046 | 260,980 | 295,258 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
7 hotels | April 2017 | 5.95% | 115,600 | 130,498 | 115,600 | 133,834 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
5 hotels | April 2017 | 5.95% | 103,906 | 116,768 | 103,906 | 118,563 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
5 hotels | April 2017 | 5.95% | 158,105 | 169,209 | 158,105 | 174,017 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
7 hotels | April 2017 | 5.95% | 126,466 | 147,141 | 126,466 | 150,450 | |||||||||||||||
TIF loan |
1 hotel | June 2018 | 12.85% | 8,098 | | ** | 7,783 | | ** | |||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
1 hotel | November 2020(5) | 6.26% | 104,901 | 124,069 | | | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loan |
1 hotel | April 2034 | Greater of 6% or Prime + 1% | 6,791 | 17,670 | 6,910 | 17,967 | |||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 2,518,164 | $ | 3,025,874 | $ | 2,772,396 | $ | 3,333,803 | ||||||||||||||
(1) | We are currently working with the loan servicer for an extension or a restructure of the loan. | |
(2) | Each of these loans has a one-year extension option remaining as of December 31, 2010. The extension options have been given to the lenders of these loans. | |
(3) | LIBOR rates were 0.26% and 0.23% at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. | |
(4) | Based on the debt-to-asset ratio defined in the loan agreement, interest on this debt was at LIBOR + 3% as of December 31, 2010. Unused fee ranges from 0.125% to 0.20% per annum based on the unused amount. | |
(5) | This loan was refinanced with the mortgage loan maturing November 2020 with a fixed rate of 6.26%. | |
(6) | The consensual deed-in-lieu of foreclosure of the underlying hotel property was completed in September 2010. See Note 6. | |
* | These mortgage loans are reported as indebtedness of discontinued operations in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2010. | |
** | These two mortgage loans are collateralized by the same property. |
In 2010, we made net payments of $135.0 million on our senior credit facility with
proceeds from the reissuance of 7.5 million shares of our treasury stock, the issuance of 3.3
million shares of our 8.45% Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock and the refinance of a mortgage
loan discussed below.
In October 2010, we closed on a $105.0 million refinancing of the Marriott Gateway in
Arlington, Virginia. The new loan, which has a 10-year term and fixed interest rate of 6.26%,
replaces a $60.8 million loan set to mature in 2012 with an interest rate of LIBOR plus 4.0%. The
excess proceeds from the refinancing were used to reduce $40.0 million of the outstanding
borrowings on our senior credit facility. In conjunction with the refinance, we incurred prepayment
penalties and fees of $3.3 million and wrote off the unamortized loan costs on the refinanced debt
of $630,000.
In July 2010, we modified the mortgage loan secured by the JW Marriott hotel property in San
Francisco, California, to change the initial maturity date to its full extended maturity of March
2013 in exchange for a principal payment of $5.0 million. This mortgage loan is classified as
indebtedness of assets held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2010 as the
hotel property collateralizing this mortgage loan was under a contract to be sold. The sale was
completed in February 2011 and the related mortgage loan was repaid at closing along with
miscellaneous fees of approximately $476,000.
Effective April 1, 2010, we completed the modification of the $156.2 million mortgage loan
secured by two hotel properties in Washington D.C. and La Jolla, California. Pursuant to the
modified loan agreement, we obtained the full extension of the loan to August 2013 without any extension tests in exchange for a $5.0
million paydown.
40
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
We paid $2.5 million of the paydown amount at closing, and the remaining $2.5
million is payable quarterly in four consecutive installments of $625,000 each with the first two
installments due and paid on July 1 and October 1, 2010. We paid a modification fee of $1.5 million
in lieu of future extension fees. The modification also modifies covenant tests to minimize the
likelihood of additional cash being trapped.
In March 2010, we elected to cease making payments on the $5.8 million mortgage note payable
maturing in January 2011, secured by a hotel property in Manchester, Connecticut, because the
anticipated operating cash flows from the underlying hotel property had been insufficient to cover
the principal and interest payments on the note. As of the date of this report, the loan has been
transferred to a special servicer. We are currently working with the special servicer for an
extension or restructuring of the mortgage note.
In March 2009, we obtained a $7.0 million mortgage loan on a previously unencumbered hotel
property in Jacksonville, Florida. The new loan matures in April 2034 and bears an interest rate at
the greater of 6% or prime plus 1%.
In November 2009, we refinanced two mortgage loans secured by seven hotel properties with two
new loans secured by five hotel properties. The loans that were refinanced had principal balances
of $75.0 million and $65.0 million and maturity dates in March 2010 and April 2011, respectively.
The new loans consist of a senior loan with a principal amount of $100.0 million and a junior loan
with a principal amount of $45.0 million ($41.0 million was advanced at closing) with a blended
interest rate of 12.26%, and each matures in December 2015. The refinance unencumbered two hotel
properties previously collateralizing the refinanced mortgage loans.
In December 2009, we refinanced a $19.7 million mortgage loan collateralized by a hotel
property in Tucson, Arizona, maturing in June 2011, with a new loan having the same principal
balance and bearing interest rate at the greater of 5.5% or LIBOR plus 3.5% for a term of five
years. The new loan matures in December 2014.
Maturities of indebtedness of our continuing operations as of December 31, 2010 for each of
the five following years are as follows (in thousands):
Maturity | ||||||||
Initial | Including | |||||||
Maturity | Extensions | |||||||
2011 |
$ | 511,196 | $ | 343,994 | (1) | |||
2012 |
28,851 | 196,053 | (1) | |||||
2013 |
171,261 | 171,261 | ||||||
2014 |
150,782 | 150,782 | ||||||
2015 |
402,323 | 402,323 | ||||||
Thereafter |
1,253,751 | 1,253,751 | ||||||
Total |
$ | 2,518,164 | $ | 2,518,164 | ||||
(1) | Excludes extension options subject to coverage tests. |
We are required to maintain certain financial ratios under various debt, preferred equity
and derivative agreements. If we violate covenants in any debt or derivative agreement, we could be
required to repay all or a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be
unable to arrange financing for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all. Violations of
certain debt covenants may result in us being unable to borrow unused amounts under a line of
credit, even if repayment of some or all borrowings is not required. The assets of our subsidiaries
listed on Exhibit 21.2 of this filing are pledged under non-recourse indebtedness and are not
available to satisfy the debts and other obligations of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. or our
operating partnership, Ashford Hospitality Limited Partnership and the liabilities of such
subsidiaries do not constitute the obligations of Ashford Hospitality Trust, Inc. or Ashford
Hospitality Limited Partnership. Presently, our existing financial debt covenants primarily relate
to maintaining minimum debt coverage ratios, maintaining an overall minimum net worth, maintaining
a maximum loan to value ratio, and maintaining an overall minimum total assets. At December 31,
2010, we were in compliance with all covenants or other requirements set forth in our debt,
preferred equity and derivative agreements as amended.
41
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
10. Derivatives and Hedging Activities
We are exposed to risks arising from our business operations, economic conditions and
financial markets. To manage the risks, we primarily use interest rate derivatives to hedge our
debt as a way to potentially improve cash flows. We also use non-hedge derivatives to capitalize on
the historical correlation between changes in LIBOR and RevPAR. To mitigate the nonperformance
risk, we routinely rely on a third partys analysis of the creditworthiness of the counterparties,
which supports our belief that the counterparties nonperformance risk is limited. All derivatives
are recorded at fair value. The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market
standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts/payments and the
discounted expected variable cash payments/receipts. The fair values of interest rate caps, floors,
flooridors and corridors are determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the
future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates fell below the strike
rates of the floors or rise above the strike rates of the caps. The variable interest rates used in
the calculation of projected receipts and payments on the swaps, caps, and floors are based on an
expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves (LIBOR
forward curves) and volatilities (the Level 2 inputs that are observable at commonly quoted
intervals, other than quoted prices). We also incorporate credit valuation adjustments (the Level
3 inputs that are unobservable and typically based on our own assumptions, as there is little, if
any, related market activity) to appropriately reflect both our own non-performance risk and the
respective counterpartys non-performance risk in the fair value measurements.
We have determined that when a majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall
within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the derivative valuations in their entirety are
classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, when the valuation adjustments
associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit
spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by us and our counter-parties, which we consider
significant (10% or more) to the overall valuation of our derivatives, the derivative valuations in
their entirety are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Transfers of inputs between
levels are determined at the end of each reporting period. In determining the fair values of our
derivatives at December 31, 2010, the LIBOR interest rate forward curve (the Level 2 inputs)
assumed an uptrend from 0.26% to 1.8% for the remaining term of our derivatives. The credit spreads
(the Level 3 inputs) used in determining the fair values assumed an uptrend in nonperformance risk
for both of our own and most of our counterparties.
In October 2010, we converted our $1.8 billion interest rate swap into a fixed rate swap of
4.09%, resulting in locked-in annual interest savings of approximately $32 million through March
2013 at no cost to us. Under the previous swap, which we entered into in March 2008 and which
expires in March 2013, we received a fixed rate of 5.84% and paid a variable rate of LIBOR plus
2.64%, subject to a LIBOR floor of 1.25%. Under the terms of the new swap transaction, we will
continue to receive a fixed rate of 5.84%, but will pay a fixed rate of 4.09%.
During 2009 and 2008, in order to take advantage of the declining LIBOR rates, we entered into
various one-year flooridors with notional amounts totaling $11.7 billion and maturing dates
between December 2010 and December 2011 for a total cost of $40.6 million. Income from these
derivatives totaling $28.1 million, $16.7 million and $47,000 was recognized in 2010, 2009 and
2008, respectively.
In addition, during 2010 and 2009, we entered into interest rate caps with total notional
amounts of $370.6 million and $506.2 million, respectively, to cap the interest rates on our
mortgage loans with strike rates between 4.0% and 6.25%, for total costs of $75,000 and $383,000,
respectively. These interest rate caps were designated as cash flow hedges. At December 31, 2010
and 2009, our floating interest rate mortgage loans, including mortgage loans of assets held for
sale, with total principal balances of $588.2 million and $660.2 million were capped by interest
rate hedges.
In December 2009, we also entered into an interest rate corridor for $13,000, which was
designated as a cash flow hedge, with a notional amount of $130.0 million to effectively lower the
existing interest rate cap on one of our floating rate mortgage loans for the period between
December 2009 and May 2010. Under the corridor, the counterparty would pay us interest on the
notional amount when LIBOR rates are above 4.6% up to a maximum of 140 basis points during the term
of the corridor.
We have derivative agreements that incorporate the loan covenant provisions of our senior
credit facility requiring us to maintain certain minimum financial covenant ratios on our
indebtedness. Failure to comply with the
42
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
covenant provisions would result in us being in default on
any derivative instrument obligations covered by the agreement. At December 31, 2010, we were in
compliance with all the covenants under the senior credit facility and the fair value of
derivatives related to this agreement was an asset of $69.3 million.
The fair value of our non-hedge designated interest rate derivatives and the effects of these
derivatives on the consolidated statement of operations are as follows ($ in thousands):
Fair Value | Interest Savings or (Cost) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets (Liabilities) | Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income | Recognized in Income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notional | December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative Type | Amount | Strike Rate | Maturity | 2010 | 2009 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 375,036 | 6.00 | % | 2009 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | (4 | ) | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 35,000 | 6.25 | % | 2009 | | | | | (2 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 52,000 | 5.75 | % | Sold | | | | | 3 | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 800,000 | 3.75 | % | 2009 | | | | | (1,775 | ) | | | 558 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 1,000,000 | 3.75 | % | 2011 | | 248 | (248 | ) | (510 | ) | (7,262 | ) | | | 698 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swap |
$ | 1,800,000 | Pays LIBOR plus 2.638%, receives 5.84 | % | 2013 | 95,081 | 69,462 | 25,619 | (29,744 | ) | 95,014 | 53,453 | 51,722 | 9,096 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swap(1) |
$ | 1,475,000 | Pays 4.084%, receives LIBOR plus 2.638 | % | 2013 | (20,922 | ) | | (20,922 | ) | | | (3,898 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swap |
$ | 325,000 | Pays 4.114%, receives greater of 3.888% or LIBOR plus 2.638% | 2013 | 124 | | 124 | | | (163 | ) | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate floor (1) |
$ | 1,475,000 | Pays up to 1.25% | 2013 | | (14,727 | ) | 14,727 | (661 | ) | (5,946 | ) | (11,354 | ) | (13,191 | ) | (38 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate floor |
$ | 325,000 | Pays up to 1.25% | 2013 | (4,951 | ) | (3,245 | ) | (1,706 | ) | (144 | ) | (3,101 | ) | (3,219 | ) | (2,907 | ) | (9 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate flooridor |
$ | 1,800,000 | 1.25% 0.75 | % | 2009 | | | | (5,718 | ) | 2,738 | | 8,408 | 47 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate flooridor |
$ | 2,700,000 | 2.00% 1.00 | % | 2009 | | | | (6,873 | ) | | | 6,900 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate flooridor |
$ | 3,600,000 | 1.25% 0.75 | % | 2010 | | 14,801 | (14,801 | ) | 6,351 | | 17,300 | 900 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate flooridor |
$ | 1,800,000 | 1.75% 1.25 | % | 2010 | | 7,981 | (7,981 | ) | 887 | | 8,650 | 450 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate flooridor |
$ | 1,800,000 | 2.75% 0.50 | % | 2011 | 37,532 | 19,882 | 17,650 | 4,637 | | 2,137 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 106,864 | (2) | $ | 94,402 | (2) | $ | 12,462 | (3) | $ | (31,775 | )(3) | $ | 79,665 | (3) | $ | 62,906 | (4) | $ | 52,282 | (4) | $ | 10,352 | (4) | ||||||||||||||||||||
(1) | This interest rate floor was terminated and replaced by the 4.084%, $1,475,000 notional amount interest rate swap. | |
(2) | Reported as Interest rate derivatives in the consolidated balance sheets. | |
(3) | Reported as Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives in the consolidated statements of operations. | |
(4) | Reported as Other income in the consolidated statements of operations. |
The fair value of our hedge-designated interest rate derivatives and the effects of these
derivatives on the consolidated statement of operations are as follows ($ in thousands):
Reclassified from | Gain (Loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (Loss) | Accumulated OCI into | Recognized in Income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value Asset | Recognized in OCI | Interest Expense | for Ineffective Portion | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notional | Interest | December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative Type | Amount | Rate | Maturity | 2010 | 2009 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 47,500 | 7.00 | % | 2008 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 3 | $ | | $ | | $ | 3 | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 212,000 | 6.25 | % | 2009 | | | | 126 | 55 | | 126 | 55 | | | (15 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 160,000 | 5.00 | % | 2010 | | | 278 | 58 | (337 | ) | 275 | 65 | | (4 | ) | | (9 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 160,000 | 5.00 | % | 2011 | | 85 | 90 | 9 | (533 | ) | 151 | | | (24 | ) | (1 | ) | (21 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 55,000 | 5.00 | % | 2010 | | | 69 | 13 | (82 | ) | 69 | 12 | | | (4 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 55,000 | 5.00 | % | 2011 | | 6 | 15 | (36 | ) | | 17 | | | (4 | ) | (2 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 167,212 | 6.00 | % | 2010 | | | 26 | (26 | ) | | 26 | 3 | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 167,212 | 4.75 | % | 2011 | | | (49 | ) | | | 4 | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 60,800 | 4.81 | % | 2012 | 2 | 105 | 56 | (56 | ) | | 13 | | | (146 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 203,400 | 4.50 | % | 2010 | | 7 | 54 | (54 | ) | | 61 | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 203,400 | 6.25 | % | 2011 | 1 | | (22 | ) | | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
$ | 19,740 | 4.00 | % | 2012 | | 40 | (34 | ) | (49 | ) | | 4 | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate corridor |
$ | 130,000 | 4.6%6.0 | % | 2010 | | | 13 | (13 | ) | | 13 | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 3 | (1) | $ | 243 | (1) | $ | 496 | $ | (28 | ) | $ | (894 | ) | $ | 633 | $ | 206 | $ | 58 | $ | (178 | ) (2) | $ | (7 | ) (2) | $ | (45 | )(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) | Included in Interest rate derivatives in the consolidated balance sheets. | |
(2) | Included in Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives in the consolidated statements of operations. |
During the next twelve months, we expect $609,000 of accumulated comprehensive loss will
be reclassified to interest expense.
43
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table presents our derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a
recurring basis aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which measurements fall
(in thousands):
December 31, 2010 | December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-hedge derivatives: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swap |
$ | 74,283 | $ | | $ | 74,283 | $ | 69,462 | $ | | $ | 69,462 | ||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
| | | 248 | | 248 | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate flooridor |
37,532 | | 37,532 | 42,664 | | 42,664 | ||||||||||||||||||
Hedge derivatives: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
3 | | 3 | 243 | | 243 | ||||||||||||||||||
Subtotal |
111,818 | | 111,818 | 112,617 | | 112,617 | ||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-hedge derivatives: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate floor |
(4,951 | ) | | (4,951 | ) | | (17,972 | ) | (17,972 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Hedge derivatives: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
| | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||
Subtotal |
(4,951 | ) | | (4,951 | ) | | (17,972 | ) | (17,972 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net |
$ | 106,867 | $ | | $ | 106,867 | $ | 112,617 | $ | (17,972 | ) | $ | 94,645 | |||||||||||
The reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the derivatives that were measured
using Level 3 inputs is as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended | ||||||||
December 31, | ||||||||
2010 | 2009 | |||||||
Balance at beginning of period |
$ | (17,972 | ) | $ | (17,080 | ) | ||
Total unrealized (loss) gain included in earnings |
(2,042 | ) | 5,589 | |||||
Total unrealized loss included in other comprehensive income |
| (127 | ) | |||||
Total loss reclassified to interest expense |
| (33 | ) | |||||
Purchases |
| 162 | ||||||
Assets transferred into Level 3 still held at the reporting date (1) |
| 73,922 | ||||||
Assets/liabilities transferred out of Level 3 terminated during the year |
16,400 | | ||||||
Assets/liabilities transferred out of Level 3 still held at the reporting date (1) |
3,614 | (80,405 | ) | |||||
Balance at end of period |
$ | | $ | (17,972 | ) | |||
(1) | Transferred in/out of Level 3 because the unobservable inputs used to determine the fair value at end of period were more/less than 10% of the total valuation of these derivatives. | |
11. | Commitments and Contingencies |
Restricted Cash Under certain management and debt agreements existing at December
31, 2010, we escrow payments required for insurance, real estate taxes, and debt service. In
addition, for certain properties based on the terms of the underlying debt and management
agreements, we escrow 4% to 6% of gross revenues for capital improvements.
Franchise Fees Under franchise agreements existing at December 31, 2010, we pay
franchisor royalty fees between 2.5% and 6% of gross room revenue and, in some cases, food and
beverage revenues. Additionally, we pay fees for marketing, reservations, and other related
activities aggregating between 1% and 3.75% of gross room revenue and, in some cases, food and
beverage revenues. These franchise agreements expire on varying dates between 2011 to 2031. When a
franchise term expires, the franchisor has no obligation to renew the franchise. A franchise
termination could have a material adverse effect on the operations or the underlying value of the
affected hotel due to loss of associated name recognition, marketing support, and centralized
reservation systems provided by the franchisor. A franchise termination could also have a material adverse effect on cash available
for distribution to
44
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
shareholders. In addition, if we breach the franchise agreement and the
franchisor terminates a franchise prior to its expiration date, we may be liable for up to three
times the average annual fees incurred for that property.
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008, our continuing operations incurred
franchise fees of $24.4 million, $23.4 million, and $27.7 million, respectively, which are included
in other expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Management Fees Under management agreements existing at December 31, 2010, we pay
a) monthly property management fees equal to the greater of $10,000 (CPI adjusted since 2003) or 3%
of gross revenues, or in some cases 2% to 8.5% of gross revenues, as well as annual incentive
management fees, if applicable, b) market service fees on approved capital improvements, including
project management fees of up to 4% of project costs, for certain hotels, and c) other general fees
at current market rates as approved by our independent directors, if required. These management
agreements expire from 2012 through 2032, with renewal options. If we terminate a management
agreement prior to its expiration, we may be liable for estimated management fees through the
remaining term, liquidated damages or, in certain circumstances, we may substitute a new management
agreement.
Leases We lease land and facilities under non-cancelable operating leases, which
expire between 2040 and 2084, including six ground leases (five of them related to our continuing
operations) and one air lease related to our hotel properties. Several of these leases are subject
to base rent plus contingent rent based on the related propertys financial results and escalation
clauses. For the years ended December 2010, 2009 and 2008, our continuing operations recognized
rent expense of $5.1 million, $5.8 million and $5.8 million, respectively, which included
contingent rent of $1.2 million, $1.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively. Rent expense related
to continuing operations is included in other expenses in the consolidated statements of
operations. We also have equipment under a capital lease which expires in 2011 with an interest
rate of 6.0% and is included in Investment in hotel properties in the accompanying consolidated
balance sheets. Future minimum rentals due under non-cancelable leases are as follows for each of
the years ending December 31, (in thousands):
Operating | Capital | |||||||
Leases | Leases | |||||||
2011 |
$ | 4,429 | $ | 36 | ||||
2012 |
3,565 | | ||||||
2013 |
3,229 | | ||||||
2014 |
2,975 | | ||||||
2015 |
2,968 | | ||||||
Thereafter |
111,913 | | ||||||
Total |
$ | 129,079 | $ | 36 | ||||
At December 31, 2010, we had capital commitments of $13.2 million relating to general
capital improvements that are expected to be paid in the next 12 months.
Employment Agreements Our employment agreements with certain executive officers
provide for minimum annual base salaries, other fringe benefits, and non-competition clauses as
determined by the Board of Directors. The employment agreements terminated on December 31, 2010,
with automatic one-year renewals, unless terminated by either party upon six months notice,
subject to severance provisions.
Litigation We are currently subject to litigation arising in the normal course of
our business. In the opinion of management, none of these lawsuits or claims against us, either
individually or in the aggregate, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business,
results of operations, or financial condition. In addition, management believes we have adequate
insurance in place to cover any such significant litigation.
Taxes We and our subsidiaries file income tax returns in the federal jurisdiction
and various states. Tax years 2007 through 2010 remain subject to potential examination by certain
federal and state taxing authorities. In 2010, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) audited one of
our taxable REIT subsidiaries that leases two of our hotel properties for the tax year ended
December 31, 2007. During the year ended December 31, 2010, the IRS issued a notice of proposed
adjustment that reduced the amount of rent we charged to the taxable REIT subsidiary. We own a 75% interest in the hotel properties and the taxable REIT subsidiary at issue.
We disagree with the IRS position and
45
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
during the fourth quarter of 2010, we filed a written
protest with the IRS and requested an IRS Appeals Office conference. In determining amounts payable
by our TRS subsidiaries under our leases, we engaged a third party to prepare a transfer pricing
study which concluded that the lease terms were consistent with arms length terms as required by
applicable Treasury regulations. However, if the IRS were to prevail in its proposed adjustment,
our taxable REIT subsidiary would owe approximately $1.1 million additional U.S. federal income
taxes plus possible additional state income taxes of $68,000, net of federal benefit, or we could
be subject to a 100% federal excise tax on our share of the amount by which the rent was held to be
greater than the arms-length rate. We anticipate that the IRS will grant the Appeals conference by
the end of the third quarter of 2011. We believe we will prevail in the settlement of the audit and
that the settlement will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results
of operations. During 2010, the Canadian taxing authorities selected our TRS subsidiary that leased
our one Canadian hotel for audit for the tax years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009. The
Canadian hotel was sold in June 2008 and the TRS ceased activity in Canada at that time. We believe
that the results of the completion of this examination will not have a material adverse effect on
our financial condition.
If we dispose of the four remaining properties contributed in connection with our initial
public offering in 2003 in exchange for units of operating partnership, we may be obligated to
indemnify the contributors, including our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer whom have
substantial ownership interests, against the tax consequences of the sale. In addition, we agreed
to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain non-recourse mortgage indebtedness of at least
$16.0 million, which allows contributors of the Las Vegas hotel property to defer gain recognition
in connection with their contribution.
Additionally, for certain periods of time, we are prohibited from selling or transferring the
Marriott Crystal Gateway in Arlington, Virginia, if as a result, the entity from which we acquired
the property would recognize gain for federal tax purposes.
Further, in connection with our acquisition of certain properties on March 16, 2005 that were
contributed in exchange for units of our operating partnership, we agreed to certain tax
indemnities with respect to ten of these properties. If we dispose of these properties or reduce
debt on these properties in a transaction that results in a taxable gain to the contributors, we
may be obligated to indemnify the contributors or their specified assignees against the tax
consequences of the transaction.
In general, tax indemnities equal the federal, state, and local income tax liabilities the
contributor or their specified assignee incurs with respect to the gain allocated to the
contributor. The contribution agreements terms generally require us to gross up tax indemnity
payments for the amount of income taxes due as a result of such tax indemnities.
Potential Pension Liabilities Certain employees at one of our hotel properties are
unionized and covered by a multiemployer defined benefit pension plan. At acquisition of the hotel
property in 2006, there were no unfunded pension liabilities. Although those workers are not our
employees, the hotel manager of that hotel property may in the future de-unionize given their work
rules. It is reasonably possible that we may incur additional cost for the unfunded pension
liabilities should a de-unionizing occur. At December 31, 2010, we accrued $74,000 for the
potential unfunded liabilities.
12. Series B-1 Preferred Stock
At December 31, 2010 and 2009, we had 7.2 million and 7.4 million, respectively, outstanding
shares of Series B-1 cumulative convertible redeemable preferred stock. Series B-1 preferred stock
is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into our common stock by dividing the
preferred stock carrying value by the conversion price then in effect, which is $10.07, subject to
certain adjustments, as defined. Series B-1 preferred stock is redeemable for cash at our option at
the liquidation preference, which is set at $10.07. In 2010, 200,000 shares of our Series B-1
preferred stock with a carrying value of $2.0 million were converted to common shares, pursuant to
the terms of the Series B-1 preferred stock. Series B-1 preferred stock is also redeemable for cash
at the option of the holder at a specified redemption price, as defined, if certain events occur.
Due to these redemption features that are not under our control, the preferred stock is classified outside of permanent equity. Series B-1 preferred
stock holders are entitled to vote, on an as-converted basis voting as a single class together with
common stock holders, on all matters to be voted on by our shareholders. Series B-1 preferred stock
quarterly dividends are set at the greater of $0.14 per
46
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
share or the prevailing common stock
dividend rate. During 2010, 2009 and 2008, we declared dividends of $4.1 million, $4.2 million and
$5.7 million, respectively, to holders of the Series B-1 preferred stock.
The articles governing our Series B-1 preferred stock require us to maintain certain
covenants. The impairment charges recorded during second, third and fourth quarter of 2009, and the
second and fourth quarter of 2010 could have prevented us from satisfying one financial ratio.
However, the holder of the Series B-1 preferred stock reviewed the specific impairment charges and
agreed to exclude the impairment charges incurred in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2009,
and in the second and fourth quarters of 2010 as they impacted the financial ratio calculations for
the affected periods. At December 31, 2010, we are in compliance with all covenants required under
the articles governing the Series B-1 preferred stock.
13. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership represents the limited
partners proportionate share of equity in earnings/losses of the operating partnership, which is
an allocation of net income/loss attributable to the common unit holders based on the weighted
average ownership percentage of these limited partners common units and the units issued under our
Long-Term Incentive Plan (the LTIP units) that are vested throughout the period plus
distributions paid to these limited partners with regard to the Class B units. Class B common units
have a fixed dividend rate of 6.82% in years one to three and 7.2% thereafter, and have priority in
payment of cash dividends over common units but otherwise have no preference over common units.
Aside from the Class B units, all other outstanding units represent common units. Beginning one
year after issuance, each common unit of limited partnership interest (including each Class B
common unit) may be redeemed for either cash or one share of Ashfords common stock at Ashfords
discretion, subject to contractual lock-up agreements that prevent holders of Class B common units
from redeeming two-thirds of such units before 18 months and one-third of such units before two
years from the issuance date of such units. Beginning ten years after issuance, each Class B unit
may be converted into a common unit at either partys discretion.
In 2010 and 2008, we issued 1,086,000 and 1,056,000 LTIP units, respectively, to certain
executives and employees as compensation. The 2008 LTIP units vest over four and one-half years and
the 2010 LTIP units vest over three years. Upon vesting, each LTIP unit can be converted by the
holder into one common partnership unit of the operating partnership which then can be redeemed for
cash or, at Ashfords election, settled in Ashfords common stock. As of December 31, 2010, all the
LTIP units have reached full economic parity with the common units. These LTIP units had an
aggregate value of $14.0 million at the date of grant which is being amortized over the vesting
period. Compensation expense of $2.9 million, $983,000 and $981,000 was recognized for 2010, 2009
and 2008 related to the LTIP units granted. The unamortized value of the LTIP units was $9.1
million at December 31, 2010 that will be amortized over a period of 2.2 years. During 2008, we
declared cash distributions of $665,000, or $0.21 per unit per quarter for the first three
quarters, related to the LTIP units. These distributions were recorded as a reduction of redeemable
noncontrolling interests in operating partnership. No distributions were declared for 2009 and
2010.
During 2010, 719,000 operating partnership units with a carrying value of $5.2 million were
redeemed for cash at an average price of $7.39 per unit and 455,000 operating partnership units
presented for redemption with a carrying value of $3.6 million were converted to common shares at
our election.
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in our operating partnership as of December 31, 2010 and
December 31, 2009 were $126.7 million and $85.2 million, which represented ownership of 17.5% and
19.9% in our operating partnership, respectively. The carrying value of redeemable noncontrolling
interests as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 included adjustments of $72.3 million and $17.6 million,
respectively, to reflect the excess of redemption value over the accumulated historical costs. For
2010 and 2009, we allocated net loss of $8.4 million and $37.7 million to these redeemable
noncontrolling interests, respectively. For 2008, we allocated net income of $15.0 million to these
noncontrolling interests.
47
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
A summary of the activity of the operating partnership units is as follow (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Units outstanding at beginning of year |
14,283 | 14,393 | 13,347 | |||||||||
Units issued |
1,086 | | 1,056 | |||||||||
Units redeemed for cash of $5,314 in 2010 and $464 in 2009 |
(719 | ) | (110 | ) | | |||||||
Units converted to common shares |
(455 | ) | | (10 | ) | |||||||
Units outstanding at end of year |
14,195 | 14,283 | 14,393 | |||||||||
Units convertible at end of year |
12,475 | 13,227 | 13,337 | |||||||||
14. Equity
Reissuance of treasury stock In December 2010, we reissued 7.5 million shares of
our treasury stock at a gross price of $9.65 per share and received net proceeds of approximately
$70.4 million. In January 2011, an underwriter purchased an additional 300,000 shares of our common
shares through the partial exercise of the underwriters 1.125 million share over-allotment option
and we received net proceeds of $2.8 million. The net proceeds were used to repay a portion of our
outstanding borrowings under our senior credit facility.
At December 31, 2010 and 2009, there were 123.4 million and 122.7 million shares of common
stock issued, and 59.0 million and 57.6 million shares outstanding, respectively.
Potential Sale of Common Shares In February 2010, we entered into a Standby Equity
Distribution Agreement (the SEDA) with YA Global Master SPV Ltd. (YA Global) that terminates in
2013, and is available to provide us additional liquidity if needed. Pursuant to the SEDA, YA
Global has agreed to purchase up to $50.0 million (which may be increased to $65.0 million pursuant
to the SEDA) of newly issued shares of our common stock if notified to do so by us in accordance
with the SEDA.
In September 2010, we entered into an at-the-market (ATM) program with an investment banking
firm to offer for sale from time to time up to $50.0 million of our common stock at market prices.
No shares were sold during 2010 pursuant to this program. Proceeds from the ATM program are
expected to be used for general corporate purposes, including investments and debt paydown.
Stock Repurchases In November 2007, our Board of Directors authorized management to
purchase up to a total of $50 million of our common shares from time to time on the open market. We
completed substantially all of the $50 million repurchase in early September 2008. On September 5,
2008, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional $75 million of our common
stock that could be purchased under the same share repurchase program. The $75 million
authorization was subsequently revised to include repurchases of both common and preferred stock.
We completed the additional $75 million repurchase in December 2008. In January 2009, the Board of
Directors approved an additional $200 million authorization under the same repurchase plan
(excluding fees, commissions and all other ancillary expenses) and expanded the plan to include:
(i) the repurchase of shares of our common stock, Series A preferred stock, Series B-1 preferred
stock and Series D preferred stock and/or (ii) the prepayment of our outstanding debt obligations,
including debt secured by our hotel assets and debt senior to our mezzanine or loan investments. In
February 2010, the Board of Directors expanded the repurchase program further to include the
potential repurchase of units of our operating partnership. As of June 2010, we ceased all
repurchases under this plan indefinitely. Total shares repurchased on the open market are
summarized as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | Aggregate | Average | Total | Aggregate | Average | Total | Aggregate | Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of | Purchase | Price Per | Number of | Purchase | Price Per | Number of | Purchase | Price Per | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Price | Share | Shares | Price | Share | Shares | Price | Share | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock |
7,158 | $ | 45,087 | $ | 6.30 | 30,058 | $ | 81,329 | $ | 2.71 | 34,023 | $ | 96,920 | $ | 2.85 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Series A Preferred |
| $ | | $ | | 697 | $ | 5,338 | $ | 7.65 | 115 | 700 | 6.12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Series D Preferred |
| $ | | $ | | 727 | $ | 5,318 | $ | 7.31 | 1,606 | 9,189 | 5.72 |
48
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
In addition, we acquired 47,403 shares, 374 shares and 5,687 shares of our common stock
in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively, to satisfy employees statutory minimum federal income tax
obligations in connection with vesting of equity grants issued under our stock-based compensation
plan. Included in the 64.4 million and 65.2 million shares of treasury stock at December 31, 2010
and 2009, 853,000 shares and 295,000 shares were purchased under a deferred compensation plan that
will be settled in our shares.
Preferred Stock In accordance with Ashfords charter, we are authorized to issue 50
million shares of preferred stock, which currently includes Series A cumulative preferred stock and
Series D cumulative preferred stock.
Series A Preferred Stock. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, we had 1.5 million outstanding shares
of 8.55% Series A cumulative preferred stock. Series A preferred stock has no maturity date, and we
are not required to redeem these shares at any time. Prior to September 22, 2009, Series A
preferred stock was not redeemable, except in certain limited circumstances relating to the
ownership limitation necessary to preserve our qualification as a REIT. However, on and after
September 22, 2009, Series A preferred stock is redeemable at our option for cash, in whole or from
time to time in part, at a redemption price of $25 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends, if
any, at the redemption date. Series A preferred stock dividends are payable quarterly, when and as
declared, at the rate of 8.55% per annum of the $25 liquidation preference (equivalent to an annual
dividend rate of $2.1375 per share). In general, Series A preferred stock holders have no voting
rights.
Series D Preferred Stock. In September 2010, we completed the offering of 3.3 million
shares of our 8.45% Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock at a gross price of $23.178 per share, and
we received net proceeds of $72.2 million after underwriting fees and other costs and an accrued
dividend of $1.6 million. The proceeds from the offering, together with some corporate funds, were
used to pay down $80.0 million of our senior credit facility. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, we had
9.0 million and 5.7 million outstanding shares of Series D preferred stock, respectively. Series D
preferred stock has no maturity date, and we are not required to redeem the shares at any time.
Prior to July 18, 2012, Series D preferred stock is not redeemable, except in certain limited
circumstances such as to preserve the status of our qualification as a REIT or in the event the
Series D stock ceases to be listed on an exchange and we cease to be subject to the reporting
requirements of the Securities Exchange Act, as described in Ashfords charter. However, on and
after July 18, 2012, Series D preferred stock is redeemable at our option for cash, in whole or
from time to time in part, at a redemption price of $25 per share plus accrued and unpaid
dividends, if any, at the redemption date. Series D preferred stock quarterly dividends are set at
the rate of 8.45% per annum of the $25 liquidation preference (equivalent to an annual dividend
rate of $2.11 per share). The dividend rate increases to 9.45% per annum if these shares are no
longer traded on a major stock exchange. In general, Series D preferred stock holders have no
voting rights.
Dividends A summary of dividends declared is as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Common stock related: |
||||||||||||
Common shares |
$ | | $ | | $ | 73,670 | ||||||
Preferred stocks: |
||||||||||||
Series A preferred stock |
3,180 | 3,180 | 4,855 | |||||||||
Series D preferred stock |
13,871 | 11,971 | 16,052 | |||||||||
Total dividends declared |
$ | 17,051 | $ | 15,151 | $ | 94,577 | ||||||
Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Joint Ventures Noncontrolling joint
venture partners have ownership interests ranging from 11% to 25% in six hotel properties with a
total carrying value of $16.7 million and $17.9 million at December 31, 2010 and 2009,
respectively, and are reported in equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Loss from consolidated
joint ventures attributable to these noncontrolling interests was $1.7 million and $765,000 for
2010 and 2009, respectively, and income from consolidated joint ventures attributable to these
noncontrolling interests was $1.4 million for 2008.
49
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
15. Impairment Charges
Investment in Hotel Properties At December 31, 2010, the Hilton hotel property in
Tucson, Arizona had a reasonable probability of being sold in the near future. Based on our
assessment of the expected purchase price obtained from potential buyers (a level 3 measure), we
recorded an impairment charge of $39.9 million. This hotel property was carried at its estimated
fair value of $22.2 million at December 31, 2010.
Notes Receivable We evaluated the collectability of the mezzanine loan secured by
105 hotel properties maturing in April 2011, and weighted different probabilities of outcome from
full payment at maturity to a foreclosure by the senior lender. Based on this analysis, we recorded
an impairment charge of $7.8 million on December 31, 2010.
Interest payments since March of 2009 were not made on the $7.1 million junior participation
note receivable maturing January 2011 secured by a hotel property in La Jolla, California. In
accordance with our accounting policy, we discontinued recording interest and fee income on this
note beginning in March of 2009. In August 2010, we reached an agreement with the borrower to
settle the loan and pursuant to the settlement agreement, we received total cash payments of $6.2
million in 2010 and recorded a net impairment charge of $836,000.
Principal and interest payments were not made since October 2008, on the $18.2 million junior
participation note receivable secured by the Four Seasons hotel property in Nevis. The underlying
hotel property suffered significant damage by Hurricane Omar. We discontinued recording interest on
this note beginning in October 2008. In 2009, we recorded an impairment charge to fully reserve
this note receivable. In May 2010, the senior mortgage lender foreclosed on the loan. As a result
of the foreclosure, our interest in the senior mortgage was converted to a 14.4% subordinate
beneficial interest in the equity of the trust that holds the hotel property. Due to our junior
status in the trust, we have not recorded any value for our beneficial interest at December 31,
2010.
The borrower of the $4.0 million junior participation loan collateralized by the Sheraton
hotel property in Dallas, Texas due in July 2009 has been in default since May 11, 2009. Based on a
third-party appraisal (level 3 measure), it is unlikely that we would be able to recover our full
investment due to our junior status. As a result, we recorded a valuation allowance for the full
amount of the note receivable during 2009. In February 2010, we and the senior note holder of the
participation note receivable formed Redus JV for the purposes of holding, managing or disposing of
the Sheraton hotel property in Dallas, Texas, which collateralized our $4.0 million principal
amount junior participating note receivable that matured in July 2009. The note receivable was
fully reserved in 2009. We have an 18% subordinated interest in Redus JV. In March 2010, the
foreclosure was completed and the estimated fair value of the property was $14.2 million based on a
third-party appraisal (level 3 measure). Pursuant to the operating agreement of Redus JV, as a
junior lien holder of the original participation note receivable, we are only entitled to receive
our share of distributions after the original senior note holder has recovered its original
investment of $18.4 million and Redus JV intends to sell the hotel property in the next 12 months.
It is unlikely that the senior holder will be able to recover its original investment. Therefore,
no cash flows were projected from Redus JV for the projected holding period. Under the applicable
authoritative accounting guidance, we recorded a zero value for our 18% subordinated interest in
Redus JV.
In June 2009, Extended Stay Hotels, LLC (ESH), the issuer of our $164 million principal
balance mezzanine loan receivable secured by 681 hotels with initial maturity in June 2009, filed
for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection from its creditors. This mezzanine loan was originally
purchased for $98.4 million. At the time of ESHs bankruptcy filing, a discount of $11.4 million
had been amortized to increase the carrying value of the note to $109.4 million. We anticipated
that ESH, through its bankruptcy filing, would attempt to impose a plan of reorganization which
could extinguish our investment. Accordingly, we recorded a valuation allowance of $109.4 million
in earnings for the full amount of the book value of the note. In October 2010, the ESH bankruptcy
proceedings were completed and settled with new owners. The full amount of the valuation allowance
was charged off in 2010.
In May 2010, the mezzanine loan with a principal balance of $7.0 million secured by the Le
Meridien hotel property in Dallas, Texas was settled with a cash payment of $1.1 million. The loan
was fully reserved in 2009 as
the borrower ceased making debt service payments on the loan. As a result of the settlement, the
$1.1 million was recorded as a credit to impairment charges in accordance with authoritative
accounting guidance for impaired loans.
50
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
In February 2010, the mezzanine loan secured by the Ritz-Carlton hotel property in Key
Biscayne, Florida, with a principal amount of $38.0 million and a net carrying value of $23.0
million at December 31, 2009 was restructured. In connection with the restructuring, we received a
cash payment of $20.2 million and a $4.0 million note receivable. We recorded a net impairment
charge of $10.7 million in 2009 on the original mezzanine loan. The restructured note bears an
interest rate of 6.09% and matures in June 2017 with interest only payments through maturity. The
note was recorded at its net present value of $3.0 million at restructuring, based on its future
cash flows. The interest payments are recorded as reductions of the principal of the note
receivable, and the valuation adjustments to the net carrying amount of this note are recorded as a
credit to impairment charges.
The following table summarizes the changes in allowance for losses for the year ended December
31, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands):
Year Ended | ||||||||
December 31, | ||||||||
2010 | 2009 | |||||||
Balance at beginning of period |
$ | 148,679 | $ | | ||||
Impairment charges |
8,691 | 149,285 | ||||||
Valuation adjustments (credits to impairment charges) |
(2,216 | ) | (606 | ) | ||||
Charge-offs |
(138,279 | ) | | |||||
Balance at end of period |
$ | 16,875 | $ | 148,679 | ||||
Assets Held for Sale As fully discussed in Note 6, we recorded impairment charges
on hotel properties held for sale of $35.7 million and $70.2 million in 2010 and 2009,
respectively, to write down those properties to their estimated fair values less cost to sell.
16. Stock-Based Compensation
Under the Amended and Restated 2003 Stock Incentive Plan (the Plan), we are authorized to
grant 7.8 million restricted shares of our common stock as incentive stock awards. In June 2008, an
additional 3.8 million shares were approved for grant under the Plan at our annual shareholders
meeting.
At December 31, 2010, 3.4 million shares were available for future issuance under the Plan. A
summary of our restricted stock activity is as follows (shares in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted | Weighted | Weighted | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Average | Average | Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted | Price at | Restricted | Price at | Restricted | Price at | |||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Grant | Shares | Grant | Shares | Grant | |||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding at beginning of year |
1,589 | $ | 4.60 | 991 | $ | 10.96 | 1,369 | $ | 12.19 | |||||||||||||||
Restricted shares granted |
468 | $ | 7.08 | 1,100 | $ | 1.84 | 214 | $ | 4.83 | |||||||||||||||
Restricted shares vested |
(655 | ) | $ | 5.72 | (502 | ) | $ | 11.10 | (575 | ) | $ | 11.60 | ||||||||||||
Restricted shares forfeited |
(15 | ) | $ | 4.51 | | $ | | (17 | ) | $ | 11.55 | |||||||||||||
Outstanding at end of year |
1,387 | $ | 4.91 | 1,589 | $ | 4.60 | 991 | $ | 10.96 | |||||||||||||||
At December 31, 2010, the outstanding restricted stock had vesting schedules between March
2011 and April 2015. Stock-based compensation expense of $4.1 million, $4.0 million and $5.8
million was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The
restricted stock vested during 2010 had a fair value of $4.6 million at the date of vesting. At
December 31, 2010, the unamortized cost of the unvested shares of restricted stock was $3.8 million
that will be amortized over a period of 4.3 years, and the outstanding restricted shares had an
aggregate intrinsic value of $13.4 million.
51
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
17. Employee Benefit Plans
In December 2008, management made a decision to suspend, effective January 1, 2009, the
company match for all the benefit plans described below, unvested past matches will continue to
vest in accordance with the terms of the plans. In December 2009, management announced the
resumption of the company match for all the benefit plans effective January 1, 2010.
Employee Savings and Incentive Plan (ESIP) Our ESIP, a nonqualified compensation
plan that covers employees who work at least 25 hours per week, allows eligible employees to
contribute up to 100% of their compensation to various investment funds. We match 25% of the first
10% each employee contributes. Employee contributions vest immediately whereas company
contributions vest 25% annually. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we incurred
matching expenses of $4,000, $-0- and $47,000, respectively.
401(k) Plan Effective January 1, 2006, we established our 401(k) Plan, a qualified
defined contribution retirement plan that covers employees 21 years of age or older who have
completed one year of service and work a minimum of 1,000 hours annually. The 401(k) Plan allows
eligible employees to contribute up to 100% of their compensation, subject to IRS imposed
limitations, to various investment funds. We make matching cash contributions of 50% of each
participants contributions, based on participant contributions of up to 6% of compensation.
However, company matching only occurs in either the 401(k) Plan or the ESIP, as directed by the
participant. Participant contributions vest immediately whereas company matches vest 25% annually.
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we incurred matching expense of $162,000,
$-0-, and $127,000, respectively.
Deferred Compensation Plan Effective January 1, 2008, we established a nonqualified
deferred compensation plan for certain executive officers. The plan allows participants to defer up
to 100% of their base salary, bonus and stock awards and select an investment fund for measurement
of the deferred compensation liability. We recorded losses of $81,000, $27,000 and $199,000 in
2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively, for the change in cash surrender value of the life insurance
policy where deferred funds were invested. In addition, as a result of the change in market value
of the investment fund, an additional compensation expense of $11,000, $387,000 and a credit to
compensation expense of $220,000 were recorded for 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. In November
2010, we surrendered the life insurance policy that indexed the deferred compensation plan.
18. Income Taxes
For federal income tax purposes, we elected to be treated as a REIT under the Internal Revenue
Code. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational stipulations,
including a requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, excluding net
capital gains, to our shareholders. We currently intend to adhere to these requirements and
maintain our REIT status. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject
to federal income taxes at regular corporate rates (including any applicable alternative minimum
tax) and may not qualify as a REIT for four subsequent taxable years. Even if we qualify for
taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state and local taxes as well as to federal income
and excise taxes on our undistributed taxable income.
At December 31, 2010, 99 of our 100 hotel properties were leased or owned by Ashford TRS (our
taxable REIT subsidiaries) while the remaining hotel was leased on a triple-net lease basis to a
third-party tenant. Ashford TRS recognized net book income (loss) of $21.8 million, $(27.4) million
and $(36.3) million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
52
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table reconciles the income tax expense at statutory rates to the actual income
tax expense recorded (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit at federal statutory income tax rate of 35% |
$ | (8,429 | ) | $ | 575 | $ | 8,699 | |||||
State income tax (expense) benefit, net of federal income tax benefit |
(1,217 | ) | 36 | 1,283 | ||||||||
Permanent differences |
(130 | ) | (149 | ) | (183 | ) | ||||||
State and local income tax benefit (expense) on pass-through entity
subsidiaries |
825 | (123 | ) | (436 | ) | |||||||
Gross receipts and margin taxes |
(537 | ) | (940 | ) | (568 | ) | ||||||
Other |
(32 | ) | (91 | ) | 174 | |||||||
Valuation allowance |
9,675 | (816 | ) | (9,408 | ) | |||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) for income from continuing operations |
155 | (1,508 | ) | (439 | ) | |||||||
Income tax expense for income from discontinued operations |
(22 | ) | (57 | ) | (654 | ) | ||||||
Total income tax benefit (expense) |
$ | 133 | $ | (1,565 | ) | $ | (1,093 | ) | ||||
The components of income tax benefit (expense) from continuing operations are as follows
(in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Current: |
||||||||||||
Federal |
$ | (100 | ) | $ | (349 | ) | $ | 854 | ||||
State |
(656 | ) | (1,135 | ) | (1,433 | ) | ||||||
Total current |
(756 | ) | (1,484 | ) | (579 | ) | ||||||
Deferred: |
||||||||||||
Federal |
85 | | (218 | ) | ||||||||
State |
826 | (24 | ) | 358 | ||||||||
Total deferred |
911 | (24 | ) | 140 | ||||||||
Total income tax benefit (expense) |
$ | 155 | $ | (1,508 | ) | $ | (439 | ) | ||||
For the year ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, income tax expense includes interest
and penalties paid to taxing authorities of $32,000, $23,000 and $80,000, respectively. At December
31, 2010 and 2009, we determined that there were no amounts to accrue for interest and penalties
due to taxing authorities.
In May 2006, the State of Texas adopted House Bill 3, which modified the states franchise tax
structure, replacing the previous tax based on capital or earned surplus with a margin tax (the
Texas Margin Tax) effective with franchise tax reports filed on or after January 1, 2008. The Texas
Margin Tax is computed by applying the applicable tax rate (1% for our business) to the profit
margin, which is generally determined by total revenue less either the cost of goods sold or
compensation as applicable. Although House Bill 3 states that the Texas Margin Tax is not an income
tax, we believe that the authoritative accounting guidance related to income taxes applies to the
Texas Margin Tax. We were required to record an income tax provision for the Texas Margin Tax of
$574,000, $970,000 and $710,000 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
In July 2007, the State of Michigan adopted Senate Bill 94, which modified the states
business tax structure, replacing the previous tax which was a modified value added tax with a new
tax (the Michigan Business Tax) that has two components, income and modified gross receipts. The
income tax component is computed by applying the applicable tax rate (4.95%) to taxable income
after the REIT dividends paid deduction. The modified gross receipts tax component is computed by
applying the applicable tax rate (0.8%) to modified gross receipts, which is generally determined
by total revenue less purchases from other businesses. The total Michigan Business Tax is
calculated as the sum of the two components plus a surcharge of 21.99% on the total tax liability.
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we were liable for the modified gross
receipts component (plus the surcharge) and recorded an income tax provision for the Michigan
Business Tax of $113,000, $47,000 and $370,000, respectively.
53
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
At December 31, 2010 and 2009, our deferred tax asset (liability) and related valuation
allowance consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||
2010 | 2009 | |||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
$ | 160 | $ | 238 | ||||
Unearned income |
1,234 | 1,270 | ||||||
Unfavorable management contract liability |
6,407 | 7,383 | ||||||
Federal and state net operating losses |
46,174 | 42,087 | ||||||
Accrued expenses |
2,340 | 2,551 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses |
(3,241 | ) | | |||||
Interest expense carryforwards |
5,332 | 5,332 | ||||||
Tax property basis greater than book basis |
14,306 | 14,734 | ||||||
Tax derivatives basis less than book basis |
(7,449 | ) | | |||||
Other |
90 | 38 | ||||||
Gross deferred tax asset |
65,353 | 73,633 | ||||||
Valuation allowance |
(65,249 | ) | (73,633 | ) | ||||
Subtotal |
104 | | ||||||
Tax property basis less than book basis |
| (894 | ) | |||||
Net deferred tax asset (liability) |
$ | 104 | $ | (894 | ) | |||
At December 31, 2010 and 2009, we recorded a valuation allowance of $65.2 million and $73.6
million, respectively, to substantially offset our gross deferred tax asset. As a result of Ashford
TRS losses in 2010, 2009 and 2008, and the limitation imposed by the Internal Revenue Code on the
utilization of net operating losses of acquired subsidiaries, we believe that it is more likely
than not our gross deferred tax asset will not be realized, and therefore, have provided a
valuation allowance to substantially reserve against the balances. At December 31, 2010, Ashford
TRS had net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of $114.6 million, which
begin to expire in 2022, and are available to offset future taxable income, if any, through 2030.
Approximately $14.2 million of the $114.6 million of net operating loss carryforwards is
attributable to acquired subsidiaries and subject to substantial limitation on its use.
The following table summarizes the changes in the valuation allowance (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 73,633 | $ | 77,160 | $ | 64,137 | ||||||
Additions charged to other |
3,786 | 11,554 | 15,472 | |||||||||
Deductions |
(12,170 | ) | (15,081 | ) | (2,449 | ) | ||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 65,249 | $ | 73,633 | $ | 77,160 | ||||||
54
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
19. Income (Loss) Per Share
The following table reconciles the amounts used in calculating basic and diluted earnings
(loss) per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
(Loss) income from continuing operations
attributable to the Company |
$ | (60,158 | ) | $ | (163,582 | ) | $ | 86,398 | ||||
Less: Dividends on preferred stocks |
(21,194 | ) | (19,322 | ) | (26,642 | ) | ||||||
Less: Dividends on common stocks |
| | (73,106 | ) | ||||||||
Less: Dividends on unvested shares |
| | (564 | ) | ||||||||
Less: Loss from continuing operations allocated to common
shareholders |
| | 111 | |||||||||
Undistributed loss from continuing operations allocated
to common shareholders |
$ | (81,352 | ) | $ | (182,904 | ) | $ | (13,803 | ) | |||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to
the Company |
$ | 8,418 | $ | (86,660 | ) | $ | 42,796 | |||||
Less: Income from discontinued operations allocated to
unvested shares |
| | (341 | ) | ||||||||
$ | 8,418 | $ | (86,660 | ) | $ | 42,455 | ||||||
Income from continuing operations distributed to common
shareholders |
$ | | $ | | $ | 73,106 | ||||||
Undistributed loss from continuing operations allocated to
common shareholders |
(81,352 | ) | (182,904 | ) | (13,803 | ) | ||||||
Total distributed and undistributed (loss) income from
continuing operations allocated to common shareholders |
(81,352 | ) | (182,904 | ) | 59,303 | |||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations allocated to
common shareholders |
8,418 | (86,660 | ) | 42,455 | ||||||||
Total distributed and undistributed (loss) income
allocated to common shareholders |
$ | (72,934 | ) | $ | (269,564 | ) | $ | 101,758 | ||||
Weighted average common shares Basic and diluted |
51,159 | 68,597 | 111,295 | |||||||||
Basic and diluted (loss) income per share: |
||||||||||||
Distributed income from continuing operations |
$ | | $ | | $ | 0.65 | ||||||
Undistributed loss from continuing operations |
(1.59 | ) | (2.67 | ) | (0.12 | ) | ||||||
Total distributed and undistributed (loss) income
from continuing operations |
(1.59 | ) | (2.67 | ) | 0.53 | |||||||
Undistributed income (loss) from discontinued operations |
0.16 | (1.26 | ) | 0.38 | ||||||||
Basic and diluted net (loss) income attributable to
common shares |
$ | (1.43 | ) | $ | (3.93 | ) | $ | 0.91 | ||||
55
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Due to their anti-dilutive effect, the computation of diluted income per share does not
reflect the adjustments for the following items (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Diluted income (loss) from continuing operations
attributable to common shareholders not adjusted for: |
||||||||||||
Dividends to convertible Series B-1 Preferred Stock |
$ | 4,143 | $ | 4,171 | $ | 5,735 | ||||||
(Loss) income from continuing operations attributable to
redeemable noncontrolling interests in operating
partnership |
(9,341 | ) | (24,022 | ) | 10,568 | |||||||
Income allocated to unvested restricted shares |
| | 453 | |||||||||
Total |
$ | (5,198 | ) | $ | (19,851 | ) | $ | 16,756 | ||||
Diluted shares not adjusted for: |
||||||||||||
Effect of unvested restricted shares |
789 | 457 | 11 | |||||||||
Effect of assumed conversion of Series B-1 Preferred Stock |
7,414 | 7,448 | 7,448 | |||||||||
Effect of assumed conversion of operating partnership units |
14,470 | 13,485 | 13,924 | |||||||||
Total |
22,673 | 21,390 | 21,383 | |||||||||
20. Segment Reporting
We operate in two business segments within the hotel lodging industry: direct hotel
investments and hotel financing. Direct hotel investments refer to owning hotels through either
acquisition or new development. We report operating results of direct hotel investments on an
aggregate basis as substantially all of our hotel investments have similar economic characteristics
and exhibit similar long-term financial performance. Hotel financing refers to owning subordinate
hotel-related mortgages through acquisition or origination. We do not allocate corporate-level
accounts to our operating segments, including transaction acquisition costs and contract
termination costs, corporate general and administrative expenses, non-operating interest income,
other income, interest expense and amortization of loan costs, write-off of loan costs and exit
fees, unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives, and income tax expense/benefit.
56
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, financial information related to our
reportable segments was as follows (in thousands):
Direct Hotel | Hotel | |||||||||||||||
Investments | Financing | Corporate | Consolidated | |||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2010: |
||||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 837,246 | $ | 1,378 | $ | | $ | 838,624 | ||||||||
Total hotel expenses |
554,645 | | | 554,645 | ||||||||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
49,389 | | | 49,389 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
132,651 | | | 132,651 | ||||||||||||
Impairment charges |
39,903 | 6,501 | | 46,404 | ||||||||||||
Transaction acquisition and contract
termination costs |
| | 7,001 | 7,001 | ||||||||||||
Corporate general and administrative |
| | 30,619 | 30,619 | ||||||||||||
Total expenses |
776,588 | 6,501 | 37,620 | 820,709 | ||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
60,658 | (5,123 | ) | (37,620 | ) | 17,915 | ||||||||||
Equity loss in unconsolidated joint venture |
| (20,265 | ) | | (20,265 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest income |
| | 283 | 283 | ||||||||||||
Other income |
| | 62,826 | 62,826 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan
costs |
| | (140,609 | ) | (140,609 | ) | ||||||||||
Write-off of premiums, loan costs and exit
fees |
| | (3,893 | ) | (3,893 | ) | ||||||||||
Unrealized gain on derivatives |
| | 12,284 | 12,284 | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing
operations before income taxes |
60,658 | (25,388 | ) | (106,729 | ) | (71,459 | ) | |||||||||
Income tax benefit |
| | 155 | 155 | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
$ | 60,658 | $ | (25,388 | ) | $ | (106,574 | ) | $ | (71,304 | ) | |||||
As of December 31, 2010: |
||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 3,354,772 | $ | 40,726 | $ | 321,026 | $ | 3,716,524 | ||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2009: |
||||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 826,808 | $ | 10,876 | $ | | $ | 837,684 | ||||||||
Total hotel expenses |
550,482 | | | 550,482 | ||||||||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
53,097 | | | 53,097 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
138,620 | | | 138,620 | ||||||||||||
Impairment charges |
| 148,679 | | 148,679 | ||||||||||||
Gain on insurance settlement |
(1,329 | ) | | | (1,329 | ) | ||||||||||
Corporate general and administrative |
| | 29,951 | 29,951 | ||||||||||||
Total expenses |
740,870 | 148,679 | 29,951 | 919,500 | ||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
85,938 | (137,803 | ) | (29,951 | ) | (81,816 | ) | |||||||||
Equity earnings in unconsolidated joint
venture |
| 2,486 | | 2,486 | ||||||||||||
Interest income |
| | 297 | 297 | ||||||||||||
Other income |
| | 56,556 | 56,556 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan
costs |
| | (132,997 | ) | (132,997 | ) | ||||||||||
Write-off of premiums, loan costs and exit
fees |
| | 371 | 371 | ||||||||||||
Unrealized loss on derivatives |
| | (31,782 | ) | (31,782 | ) | ||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing
operations before income taxes |
85,938 | (135,317 | ) | (137,506 | ) | (186,885 | ) | |||||||||
Income tax expense |
| | (1,508 | ) | (1,508 | ) | ||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
$ | 85,938 | $ | (135,317 | ) | $ | (139,014 | ) | $ | (188,393 | ) | |||||
As of December 31, 2009: |
||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 3,553,980 | $ | 78,003 | $ | 282,515 | $ | 3,914,498 | ||||||||
57
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Direct Hotel | Hotel | |||||||||||||||
Investments | Financing | Corporate | Consolidated | |||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2008: |
||||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 1,003,500 | $ | 24,050 | $ | | $ | 1,027,550 | ||||||||
Total hotel expenses |
643,924 | | | 643,924 | ||||||||||||
Property taxes, insurance and other |
52,136 | | | 52,136 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
148,435 | | | 148,435 | ||||||||||||
Corporate general and administrative |
| | 28,702 | 28,702 | ||||||||||||
Total expenses |
844,495 | | 28,702 | 873,197 | ||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
159,005 | 24,050 | (28,702 | ) | 154,353 | |||||||||||
Equity loss in unconsolidated joint ventures |
| (2,205 | ) | | (2,205 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest income |
| | 2,062 | 2,062 | ||||||||||||
Other income |
| | 10,153 | 10,153 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of loan
costs |
| | (144,068 | ) | (144,068 | ) | ||||||||||
Write-off of premiums, loan costs and exit
fees |
| | (1,226 | ) | (1,226 | ) | ||||||||||
Unrealized gains on derivatives |
| | 79,620 | 79,620 | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations
before income taxes |
159,005 | 21,845 | (82,161 | ) | 98,689 | |||||||||||
Income tax expense |
| | (439 | ) | (439 | ) | ||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
$ | 159,005 | $ | 21,845 | $ | (82,600 | ) | $ | 98,250 | |||||||
As of December 31, 2008: |
||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 3,789,390 | $ | 239,158 | $ | 311,134 | $ | 4,339,682 | ||||||||
As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, all of our hotel properties were domestically located and
all hotel properties securing our notes receivable were also domestically located.
21. Fair Value Measurements
The authoritative accounting guidance requires disclosures about the fair value of all
financial instruments. Determining estimated fair values of our financial instruments requires
considerable judgment to interpret market data. The use of different market assumptions and/or
estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts at which these
instruments could be purchased, sold or settled. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of
financial instruments were as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2010 | December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||||
Carrying | Estimated | Carrying | Estimated | |||||||||||||
Value | Fair Value | Value | Fair Value | |||||||||||||
Financial assets: |
||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 217,690 | $ | 217,690 | $ | 165,168 | $ | 165,168 | ||||||||
Restricted cash |
$ | 67,666 | $ | 67,666 | $ | 77,566 | $ | 77,566 | ||||||||
Accounts receivable |
$ | 27,493 | $ | 27,493 | $ | 31,503 | $ | 31,503 | ||||||||
Notes receivable |
$ | 20,870 | $ | 6,756 to $7,467 | $ | 55,655 | $ | 24,290 to $26,846 | ||||||||
Interest rate derivatives cash flow hedges |
$ | 3 | $ | 3 | $ | 243 | $ | 243 | ||||||||
Interest rate derivatives non-cash flow
hedges |
$ | 106,864 | $ | 106,864 | $ | 94,402 | $ | 94,402 | ||||||||
Due from third-party hotel managers |
$ | 49,135 | $ | 49,135 | $ | 41,838 | $ | 41,838 | ||||||||
Financial liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||
Indebtedness of continuing operations |
$ | 2,518,164 | $ | 2,082,207 to $2,301,387 | $ | 2,772,396 | $ | 1,848,034 to $2,042,563 | ||||||||
Indebtedness of discontinued operations |
$ | 50,619 | $ | 44,587 to $49,281 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
$ | 79,248 | $ | 79,248 | $ | 91,387 | $ | 91,387 | ||||||||
Dividends payable |
$ | 7,281 | $ | 7,281 | $ | 5,566 | $ | 5,566 | ||||||||
Due to related parties |
$ | 2,400 | $ | 2,400 | $ | 1,009 | $ | 1,009 | ||||||||
Due to third-party hotel managers |
$ | 1,870 | $ | 1,870 | $ | 1,563 | $ | 1,563 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. These financial assets bear interest at
market rates and have maturities of less than 90 days. The carrying value approximates fair value
due to the short-term nature.
58
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Accounts receivable, due to/from related parties or third-party hotel managers, dividends
payable, accounts payable and accrued expenses. The carrying values of these financial instruments
approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.
Notes receivable. Fair value of the notes receivable was determined by using similar loans
with similar collateral. Since there is very little to no trading activity we had to rely on our
internal analysis of what we believe a willing buyer would pay for these notes at December 31, 2010
and 2009. We estimated the fair value of the notes receivable to be approximately 64% to 68% lower
than the carrying value of $20.9 million at December 31, 2010, and approximately 52% to 56% lower
than the carrying value of $55.7 million at December 31, 2009.
Indebtedness. Fair value of the indebtedness is determined using future cash flows discounted
at current replacement rates for these instruments. For variable rate instruments, cash flows are
determined using a forward interest rate yield curve. The current replacement rates are determined
by using the U.S. Treasury yield curve or the index to which these financial instruments are tied,
and adjusted for the credit spreads. Credit spreads take into consideration general market
conditions, maturity and collateral. For the December 31, 2010 and 2009 indebtedness valuations, we
used estimated future cash flows discounted at applicable index forward curves adjusted for credit
spreads. We estimated the fair value of the total indebtedness to be approximately 8% to 17% lower
than the carrying value of $2.6 billion at December 31, 2010, and approximately 26% to 33% lower
than the carrying value of $2.8 billion at December 31, 2009.
Interest rate derivatives. Fair value of the interest rate derivatives are determined using
net discounted cash flow of the expected cash flows of each derivative based on the market-based
interest rate curve and adjusted for credit spreads of Ashford and the counterparties. See Note 10
for a complete description of the methodology and assumptions utilized in determining the fair
values.
22. Related Party Transactions
We have management agreements with parties owned by our Chairman and our Chief Executive
Officer. Under the agreements, we pay the related parties a) monthly property management fees equal
to the greater of $10,000 (CPI adjusted since 2003) or 3% of gross revenues as well as annual
incentive management fees, if certain operational criteria are met, b) project management fees of
up to 4% of project costs, c) market service fees including purchasing, design and construction
management not to exceed 16.5% of project budget cumulatively, including project management fees,
and d) other general and administrative expense reimbursements, approved by our independent
directors, including rent, payroll, office supplies, travel, and accounting. These related parties
allocate such charges to us based on various methodologies, including headcount and actual amounts
incurred.
At December 31, 2010, these related parties managed 45 of our 96 hotels included in continuing
operations and the continuing operations incurred the following fees related to the management
agreements with related parties (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Property management fees, including incentive
property management fees |
$ | 11,500 | $ | 10,283 | $ | 12,119 | ||||||
Market service fees |
5,798 | 5,474 | 9,021 | |||||||||
Corporate general and administrative expense reimbursements |
4,665 | 4,589 | 4,903 | |||||||||
Total |
$ | 21,963 | $ | 20,346 | $ | 26,043 | ||||||
Management agreements with related parties include exclusivity clauses that require us to
engage such related parties, unless our independent directors either (i) unanimously vote to hire a
different manager or developer or (ii) by a majority vote elect not to engage such related party
because either special circumstances exist such that it would be in the best interest of our
Company not to engage such related party, or, based on the related partys prior performance, it is
believed that another manager or developer could perform the management, development or other
duties materially better.
59
ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Upon formation, we also agreed to indemnify certain related parties, including our Chairman
and Chief Executive Officer, who contributed hotel properties in connection with our initial public
offering in exchange for operating partnership units, against the income tax such related parties
may incur if we dispose of one or more of those contributed properties under the terms of the
agreement.
In addition, we received asset management consulting fees from the related parties of $901,000
for the years ended December 31, 2008. The asset management consulting agreement with the affiliate
expired in 2008.
23. Concentration of Risk
Our investments are all concentrated within the hotel industry. Our investment strategy is to
acquire or develop upscale to upper-upscale hotels, acquire first mortgages on hotel properties,
and invest in other mortgage-related instruments such as mezzanine loans to hotel owners and
operators. At present, all of our hotels are located domestically. During 2010, approximately 19.1%
of our total hotel revenue was generated from 11 hotels located in the Washington D.C. and
Baltimore areas. In addition, all hotels securing our loans receivable are also located
domestically at December 31, 2010. Presently, all our notes receivable are collateralized by either
the properties securing the loans or interest in the first lien on such properties. Accordingly,
adverse conditions in the hotel industry will have a material adverse effect on our operating and
investment revenues and cash available for distribution to shareholders.
With respect to our mezzanine loans receivable, these types of loans involve a higher degree
of risk than long-term senior mortgage lending secured by income-producing real property due to a
variety of factors, including such loans being entirely unsecured or, if secured, becoming
unsecured as a result of foreclosure by the senior lender. We may not recover some or all of our
investment in these loans. In addition, mezzanine loans may have higher loan-to-value ratios than
conventional mortgage loans resulting in less equity in the property and increasing the risk of
loss of principal.
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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
24. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
The following is a summary of the quarterly results of operations for the years ended December
31, 2010 and 2009 (in thousands, except per share data):
First | Second | Third | Fourth | Full | ||||||||||||||||
Quarter | Quarter | Quarter | Quarter | Year | ||||||||||||||||
2010 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
$ | 198,528 | $ | 217,639 | $ | 202,155 | $ | 220,302 | $ | 838,624 | ||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
$ | 183,560 | $ | 193,114 | $ | 188,665 | $ | 255,370 | $ | 820,709 | ||||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
$ | 14,968 | $ | 24,525 | $ | 13,490 | $ | (35,068 | ) | $ | 17,915 | |||||||||
Income (loss) from
continuing operations |
$ | 10,006 | $ | 21,691 | $ | (5,354 | ) | $ | (97,647 | ) | $ | (71,304 | ) | |||||||
Income (loss) from
continuing operations
attributable to the
Company |
$ | 9,211 | $ | 18,660 | $ | (4,304 | ) | $ | (83,725 | ) | $ | (60,158 | ) | |||||||
Income (loss) from
continuing operations
attributable to common
shareholders |
$ | 4,381 | $ | 13,829 | $ | (9,292 | ) | $ | (90,270 | ) | $ | (81,352 | ) | |||||||
Diluted income (loss)
from continuing
operations attributable
to common shareholders
per share |
$ | 0.08 | $ | 0.25 | $ | (0.18 | ) | $ | (1.76 | ) | $ | (1.59 | ) | |||||||
Weighted average
diluted common shares |
53,073 | 72,981 | 49,714 | 51,407 | 51,159 | |||||||||||||||
2009 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
$ | 217,443 | $ | 212,585 | $ | 195,860 | $ | 211,796 | $ | 837,684 | ||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
$ | 191,719 | $ | 321,254 | $ | 208,196 | $ | 198,331 | $ | 919,500 | ||||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
$ | 25,724 | $ | (108,669 | ) | $ | (12,336 | ) | $ | 13,465 | $ | (81,816 | ) | |||||||
Income (loss) from
continuing operations |
$ | 23,024 | $ | (167,473 | ) | $ | (25,929 | ) | $ | (18,015 | ) | $ | (188,393 | ) | ||||||
Income (loss) from
continuing operations
attributable to the
Company |
$ | 20,118 | $ | (146,386 | ) | $ | (22,059 | ) | $ | (15,255 | ) | $ | (163,582 | ) | ||||||
Income (loss) from
continuing operations
attributable to common
shareholders |
$ | 15,288 | $ | (151,217 | ) | $ | (26,890 | ) | $ | (20,085 | ) | $ | (182,904 | ) | ||||||
Diluted income (loss)
from continuing
operations attributable
to common shareholders
per share |
$ | 0.19 | $ | (2.13 | ) | $ | (0.41 | ) | $ | (0.34 | ) | $ | (2.67 | ) | ||||||
Weighted average
diluted common shares |
80,530 | 70,882 | 65,266 | 59,101 | 68,597 |
Note: | Quarterly amounts are different from those reported in the previous Form 10-Q due to reclassification of certain hotel properties to discontinued operations. |
25. Subsequent Events (Unaudited)
Subsequent to December 31, 2010, we completed the sale of the four hotel properties, the
Hampton Inn hotel in Jacksonville, Florida, the JW Marriott hotel in San Francisco, California, the
Hilton hotel in Rye Town, New York and the Hampton Inn hotel in Houston, Texas. We received net
proceeds of $153.7 million (net of repayments of related mortgage debt of $50.2 million). We used
the net proceeds to reduce $70.0 million of the borrowings on our senior credit facility. We
recorded an impairment charge of $6.2 million on the Jacksonville Hampton Inn hotel property in
June 2011, based on the selling price.
In January 2011, an underwriter purchased an additional 300,000 shares of our common shares
through the partial exercise of the underwriters 1.125 million share over-allotment option in
connection with the reissuance of 7.5 million of our treasury shares completed in December 2010,
and we received net proceeds of $2.8 million.
In February 2011, the Board of Directors accepted managements recommendation to resume paying
cash dividends on our common shares with an annualized target of $0.40 per share for 2011. The
payment of $0.10 for the first three quarters of 2011 has been paid and subsequent payments will be
reviewed on a quarterly basis.
In March 2011, we formed a new joint venture with Prudential Real Estate Investors (PREI)
(the New Joint Venture) to take ownership of a 28-property hotel portfolio (the Highland
Hospitality Portfolio) through a debt restructuring and consensual foreclosure. Total
consideration for the Highland Hospitality Portfolio was approximately $1.277 billion. As a result
of the restructuring, the New Joint Venture owns, directly or indirectly,
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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
each of the Highland Hospitality Portfolio hotels. The Highland Hospitality Portfolio acquired by
the New Joint Venture consists of 17 full-service, upper-upscale and luxury hotels, which comprise
5,684 rooms and feature brands such as Ritz-Carlton, Marriott, Hilton, Hyatt, Renaissance, Sheraton
and Westin. The remaining 11 hotels have 2,400 rooms and include brands such as Crowne Plaza,
Hilton Garden Inn, Courtyard, Residence Inn and Hampton Inn. The Company will operate the hotels
under management agreements with Remington Lodging, Marriott, Hyatt, McKibbon, and Hilton. At
closing, we invested $150 million and PREI invested $50 million to reduce debt and to fund
projected capital expenditures. We funded its contribution from available cash and own 71.74% of
the New Joint Venture and PREI owns 28.26%, partially reflecting previous investments made by both
parties. At closing, a $32 million reserve was set aside to be used for owner funded capital
expenditures.
Additionally, we entered into a Consent and Settlement Agreement (the Settlement Agreement)
with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (Wells), as successor by merger to Wachovia Bank, National
Association, on March 10, 2011 to resolve potential disputes and claims between us and Wells
relating to our purchase of a participation interest in certain mezzanine loans. Wells denied the
allegations in our complaint and further denies any liability for the claims asserted by us;
however, the Settlement Agreement was entered into to resolve our claims against Wells and to
secure Wells consent to our participation in the Highland Hospitality Portfolio restructuring.
Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, we received $30 million in June 2011 from Wells and incurred
legal costs of $6.9 million. As part of the Settlement Agreement, we and Wells have agreed to a
mutual release of claims.
In March 2011, we acquired real estate and certain other rights in connection with the
acquisition of the WorldQuest Resort, a condominium hotel project. More specifically, we acquired
96 condominium units, hotel amenities, land and improvements, developable raw land, developer
rights and Rental Management Agreements (RMAs) with third party owners of condominium units in
the project. Units owned by third parties with RMAs and 62 of the 96 units we acquired participate
in a rental pool program whereby the units are rented to guests similar to a hotel operation. Under
the terms of the RMAs, we share in a percentage of the guest room revenues and are reimbursed for
certain costs. The remaining 34 units that we own are currently being finished out and will be
added to the rental pool when completed. In August 2011, we sold two of the completed units at a
price of $175,000 each.
In April 2011, we completed the offering of 3.35 million shares (including 350,000 shares
pursuant to the underwriters exercise of an over-allotment option) of our 9.00% Series E
Cumulative Preferred Stock at a net price of $24.2125 per share, and we received net proceeds of
$80.8 million after underwriting fees. Of the net proceeds from the offering, $73.0 million was
used to redeem 5.9 million shares of the total 7.3 million shares of our Series B-1 convertible
preferred stock outstanding on May 3, 2011. The remaining proceeds were used for other general
corporate purposes. The remaining 1.4 million outstanding Series B-1 convertible preferred shares
were converted into 1.4 million shares of our common stock, which was treated as a dividend of
$17.4 million paid to the Series B-1 preferred shareholder in accordance with the applicable
accounting guidance. In October 2011, we issued additional 1.3 million shares of our 9.00% Series E
Cumulative Preferred Stock at a net price of $22.73 per share, and we received net proceeds of
$29.1 million after underwriting fees. The net proceeds from the sale of these securities are being
used for general corporate purposes.
In April 2011, we entered into a settlement agreement with the borrower of the mezzanine loan
which was secured by a 105-hotel property portfolio and scheduled to mature in April 2011. The
borrower paid off the loan for $22.1 million. The difference between the settlement amount and the
carrying value of $17.9 million was recorded as a credit to impairment charges in accordance with
applicable accounting guidance.
In July 2011, we reissued 7.0 million of our treasury shares at $12.50 per share and received
net proceeds of $83.3 million. The net proceeds were used to repay the outstanding borrowings under
the senior credit facility and for general corporate purpose.
In connection with their audit of our TRS subsidiary for the tax year ended December 31, 2007,
the IRS notified us that as an alternative to the TRS adjustment proposed during the year ended
December 31, 2010, they intend to propose an adjustment based on the REIT 100% federal excise tax
on our share of the amount by which the rent was held to be greater than the arms-length rate. In
August 2011, the IRS commenced an audit of our REIT for the tax year ended December 31, 2007. If
upon the conclusion of the audit, the IRS proceeds with the excise tax and were to prevail, our
REIT would owe approximately $5.0 million of U.S. federal excise taxes. If the IRS chooses to
pursue the REIT 100% excise tax case over the TRS IRC Section
482 case, the excise taxes assessed on the REIT would be
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ASHFORD HOSPITALITY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
in lieu of the TRS adjustment. We intend
to continue to vigorously protest these potential assessments. We requested, and the IRS agreed,
that the IRS Appeals Office review both the REIT case and the TRS case simultaneously and we
anticipate this will occur in 2012. We believe the IRS transfer pricing methodologies applied in
the audit contain flaws and that the IRS adjustment to the rent charges is inconsistent with the
U.S. federal tax laws related to REITs and true leases. We believe we will prevail in the eventual
settlement of the audit and that the settlement will not have a material adverse effect on our
financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the IRS commenced audits of the same
TRS for the tax years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009, in May 2011 and July 2011, respectively.
In September 2011, we obtained a new $105.0 million senior credit facility which replaces our
previous credit line that was scheduled to mature in April 2012. The new credit facility provides
for a three-year revolving line of credit at 275 to 350 basis points over LIBOR, which is the same
as our previous credit line. The new credit facility includes the opportunity to expand the
borrowing capacity by up to $45.0 million to an aggregate size of $150.0 million. The previous
credit line was repaid in full in July 2011.
In September 2011, our Board of Directors authorized the reinstatement of our 2007 share
repurchase program and authorized an increase in repurchase plan authority from $58.4 million to
$200 million (excluding fees, commissions and all other ancillary expenses). Under this plan, the
board has authorized: (i) the repurchase of shares of our common stock, Series A preferred stock,
Series D preferred stock and Series E preferred stock, and/or (ii) discounted purchases of our
outstanding debt obligations, including debt secured by our hotel assets. We intend to fund any
repurchases or discounted debt purchases with the net proceeds from asset sales, cash flow from
operations, existing cash on the balance sheet, and other sources.
63