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8-K - FORM 8-K - CREDIT ACCEPTANCE CORP | k49009e8vk.htm |
Exhibit 99.1
SHAREHOLDER LETTER
A message from our Chief Executive Officer
We produced solid financial results in 2009. Adjusted earnings increased 48.5% to an all-time
high of $3.95 per share1. Economic profit2 (including the two adjustments
described below) increased 75.1% to $81.5 million, also an all-time high. Delivering record
earnings in a difficult economic environment is a noteworthy achievement for our company. As part
of our efforts in accessing capital, we speak with a wide variety of investment managers, analysts
and other industry followers. Many express admiration for our historical performance, but just as
often we hear skepticism about how well our business would do in a difficult environment. Our
performance since the start of the financial crisis provides strong evidence that we are able to
deliver acceptable financial results in both good times and bad. This has always been our goal,
but actually achieving the goal is satisfying.
HISTORY
Credit Acceptance was founded in 1972 by our current Chairman and majority shareholder, Don Foss.
Don learned early in his career that many people who needed a vehicle were unable to acquire one
because of their credit standing. Even more importantly, he realized that most people in this
situation were misjudged by traditional lending sources, who assumed that the applicants
less-than-perfect credit histories made them undeserving of a second chance. Don started Credit
Acceptance to enable these individuals to purchase a vehicle and establish or reestablish a
positive credit history, thereby moving their financial lives in a positive direction.
IMPACT OF BUSINESS CYCLES ON OUR PERFORMANCE
It is important for shareholders to understand the impact of the external environment on our
performance. Both competitive cycles and economic cycles have affected our results historically and
are likely to do so in the future.
Competitive cycles
We have gone through several cycles of competition. From 1972 through the early 1990s, there were
very few companies attempting to serve the market segment that Don had identified. As a result,
during this period we had an almost unlimited opportunity to write new business at very high levels
of profitability. Following our initial public stock offering in 1992, we began to see more
companies entering our market, and by 1995 we faced an unprecedented level of competition. Because
we had not experienced high levels of competition previously, we were not prepared to operate
successfully in this new environment. As a result, the loans we originated during this period
produced a return less than our cost of capital. Our competitors fared much worse, however, and by
1997 most had exited our market. Although the results we produced during this period were
unsatisfactory, we learned many valuable lessons that allowed us to navigate the next competitive
cycle with much greater success.
1 2009
GAAP net income per share increased 113.9% to $4.62, as compared to 2008.
2 2009 GAAP net income increased 117.7% to $146.3 million, as compared to 2008.
2 2009 GAAP net income increased 117.7% to $146.3 million, as compared to 2008.

1
That next cycle began in 2003. The business environment became increasingly difficult as it
became easier for competitors to obtain capital for their operations. The cycle came to a halt
toward the end of 2007, with our competitors again reporting higher-than-expected credit losses
and disappointing financial results. Most of our competitors were then forced to either
significantly curtail originations or exit the market entirely.
In contrast to the unsatisfactory results we delivered during the first cycle, we produced very
good ones during the 20032007 cycle. We had improved many important aspects of our business
between the first and second cycles, including our ability to predict loan performance, deploy
risk-adjusted pricing, monitor loan performance and execute key functions consistently. In
addition, we gave a high priority to ensuring that we originated new loans with a large margin of
safety, so that even if the loans did not perform as expected, they would still very likely produce
acceptable financial results. We grew our loan volumes throughout the 20032007 period, but always
balanced our desire to grow with an insistence on acceptable per loan profitability. This
combination of growth and meaningful improvements in per loan profitability allowed us to grow our
adjusted earnings per share to $2.03 in 2007 from $0.70 in 2002 in spite of the increasingly
competitive environment3.
When the cycle ended in late 2007, we were able to modify our pricing and write a significant
volume of new loans at very high levels of per unit profitability. Although capital constraints did
not allow us to write as much business in 20082009 as we would have liked, the improvements in per
unit profitability allowed us to significantly improve our financial results in both of those
years.
The absence of competition during 2008 and 2009 was welcome, but we do not expect it to continue.
As the capital markets rebound, we will again face another cycle of competition. Based on our
experience during the last cycle, we are confident that we will continue to be successful when
competition returns.
Economic cycles
Economic cycles affect our business as well. Increases in the unemployment rate put downward
pressure on loan performance, and conditions in the capital markets make it more difficult to
access the capital we need to fund our business.
From 1972 through 1991, the Company experienced two significant increases in the unemployment rate.
The first occurred in 19741975 and the second in 19801982. However, the information we
accumulated during these periods was largely anecdotal, as we did not capture loan performance data
during this early stage of the Companys development.
We began to capture loan performance data in 1991 (although we did not have the tools to adequately
assess this data until 1997). The period from 1991 through April of 2008 was a time of relatively
stable unemployment levels. The only significant increase in unemployment rates occurred in 2001.
But that was a year in which we made major changes to our origination systems and loan programs
that unexpectedly made it harder for us to draw clear conclusions from what we observed.
3 We grew GAAP net income per share to $1.76 in 2007 from $0.69 in 2002.

2
As a result, prior to the current economic downturn, we had only a limited ability to predict
the impact of sharply rising unemployment rates on our loan portfolio.
One conclusion we did draw (from the limited information we had accumulated for the period 1972
through April 2008) was that our loans would likely perform better than many outside observers
would expect. However, that conclusion was far from certain. The uncertainty about our loan
performance during a period of rapidly rising unemployment was a primary reason that we had decided
to price new loans with a large margin of safety and to maintain conservative levels of debt.
The current financial crisis began to unfold in late 2007. Adding to the challenge was the fact
that 2007 was also a period of intense competition within our industry. During 2007, we had to
compete for new loan originations with an increasing number of companies that were willing to
accept low returns and operate with lenient underwriting standards. Then the economic downturn
worsened. From April 2008 through October 2009, the national unemployment rate increased from 5.0%
to 10.1%. This combination of events intense competition, followed by severe economic
deterioration provided a perfect test of our business model, one that would confirm either our
views or those of our skeptics. As you know from our financial results, we passed the test with
flying colors. Our loan performance surpassed even our most optimistic expectations, and we
reported record levels of profitability in 2008 and 2009.
We did experience deterioration in our loan performance, but it was modest. In contrast, many of
our competitors experienced a much greater fall-off in their loan performance and reported poor
financial results. While we do not have as much insight into their experience as we do into our
own, we believe that a significant share of the deterioration they recorded was due to poor
underwriting rather than the impact of the economic downturn. Because our competitors generally
target low levels of per loan profitability and use debt extensively, any adverse change in loan
performance has a much more damaging impact on their results than on ours.
Access to capital
Besides impacting loan performance, the financial crisis made it more difficult to access capital.
The tightening of the capital markets began in mid-2007 and continued throughout 2008 and much of
2009. While conditions have very recently begun to improve, access to capital for our industry
remains much more difficult than it was prior to the financial crisis.
In spite of the challenging environment, we have had considerable success in obtaining capital. In
January of 2008, we renewed and expanded our bank line of credit to $133.5 million from $75.0
million. In addition, we extended the maturity of this facility to June 2010. In February of 2008,
the facility was further expanded to $153.5 million.
Also in February of 2008, we extended the maturity of our $325.0 million warehouse line of credit
to February of 2009. In August of 2008, we extended the maturity again to August of 2009.
In April of 2008, we completed a $150.0 million asset-backed non-recourse secured financing. In May
of 2008, we completed a similar $50.0 million financing.

3
These transactions enabled us to originate $804.8 million of new loans in 2008, an increase of
13.3% from 2007. We attribute our success in obtaining capital during that difficult period to our
continued strong financial performance, our conservative balance sheet and the solid long-term
relationships we had established with our lenders.
The capital markets became less accessible as 2008 progressed, however. As a result, we began to
slow originations growth through pricing changes which began in March and continued throughout the
remainder of 2008.
During 2009, we continued to slow originations based on the capital we had available. We originated
$636.7 million of new loans, 20.9% less than in 2008. While we would have preferred a higher level
of originations, we did not have access to the new capital we would have required on terms that we
found acceptable.
We were able to renew both our bank and warehouse credit lines, however. The bank line of credit
agreement was renewed on June 15, 2009 at a reduced amount ($140.0 million, down from $153.5
million) and extended through June 23, 2011. The warehouse line of credit was renewed on August 24,
2009 for an additional one-year period. The amount of the warehouse line remained at $325.0
million.
Without the renewal of these facilities, we would have had to reduce our 2009 originations much
more than we did. And because the loans we originated in both 2008 and 2009 carried higher levels
of per unit profitability, we were able to significantly increase our overall profitability in
2009, since the improvement in per unit profitability more than offset the reduction in origination
levels.
In December of 2009, we completed a $110.5 million asset-backed non-recourse secured financing. In
addition, in February of 2010, we completed a $250.0 million, seven-year senior secured notes
offering. The combination of the asset-backed financing and the notes offering has put us in a
much stronger liquidity position; as of the date of this letter, we have approximately $450.0
million in available and unused credit capacity. The long-term notes allow us to reduce our
reliance on the short-term credit and bank markets and greatly improve our ability to grow
originations in 2010.

4
EARNINGS
The table below summarizes our GAAP-based earnings results for 2001 2009:
GAAP net income | Year-to-year | |||||||
per share | change | |||||||
2001 |
$ | 0.57 | ||||||
2002 |
$ | 0.69 | 21.1% | |||||
2003 |
$ | 0.57 | -17.4% | |||||
2004 |
$ | 1.40 | 145.6% | |||||
2005 |
$ | 1.85 | 32.1% | |||||
2006 |
$ | 1.66 | -10.3% | |||||
2007 |
$ | 1.76 | 6.0% | |||||
2008 |
$ | 2.16 | 22.7% | |||||
2009 |
$ | 4.62 | 113.9% | |||||
Compound annual growth rate 2001 2009 |
29.9% |
GAAP-based net income per share (diluted) increased 113.9% in 2009. Since 2001, GAAP-based
earnings per share have grown at an annual compounded rate of 29.9%.
ADJUSTED EARNINGS
Our 2009 year-end earnings release included two adjustments to our GAAP financial results that
are important for shareholders to understand: (1) a floating yield adjustment, and (2) a program
fee yield adjustment.
Floating yield adjustment
The purpose of this adjustment is to modify the calculation of our GAAP-based finance charge
revenue so that both favorable and unfavorable changes in expected cash flows from loans receivable
are treated consistently. To make the adjustment understandable, we must first explain how GAAP
requires us to account for finance charge revenue, which is our primary revenue source.
Credit Acceptance is an indirect lender, which means that the loans are originated by an automobile
dealer and immediately assigned to us. We compensate the automobile dealer for the loan through two
types of payments. The first payment is made at the time of origination. The remaining compensation
is paid over time based on the performance of the loan. The amount we pay at the time of
origination is called an advance; the portion paid over time is called dealer holdback.
Finance charge revenue equals the cash we collect from a loan (i.e., repayments by the consumer),
less the amounts we pay to the dealer-partner (advance + dealer holdback). In other words, finance
charge revenue equals the cash inflows from the loan less the cash outflows to acquire the loan.
This amount, plus a modest amount of revenue from other sources, less our operating expenses,
interest and taxes, is the sum that will ultimately be paid to shareholders or reinvested in new
assets.

5
Under our current GAAP accounting methodology, finance charge revenue is recognized on a
level-yield basis. That is, the amount of loan revenue recognized in a given period, divided by the
loan asset, is a constant percentage. Recognizing loan revenue on a level-yield basis is
reasonable, conforms to industry practice, and matches the economics of the business.
Where GAAP diverges from economic reality is in the way it deals with changes in expected cash
flows. The expected cash flows from a loan portfolio are not known with certainty. Instead, they
are estimated. From an economic standpoint, if forecasted cash flows from one loan pool increase by
$1,000 and forecasted cash flows from another loan pool decrease by $1,000, no change in our
shareholders economic position has occurred. GAAP, however, requires the Company to record the
$1,000 decrease as an expense in the current period, and to record the $1,000 favorable change as
income over the remaining life of the loan.
Shareholders relying on our GAAP financial statements would therefore see earnings which understate
our economic performance in the current period, and earnings which overstate our economic
performance in future periods.
The floating yield adjustment reverses the distortion caused by GAAP by treating both favorable and
unfavorable changes in expected cash flows consistently. In other words, both types of changes are
treated as adjustments to our loan yield over time.
Program fee yield adjustment
The purpose of this adjustment is to make the results for program fee revenue comparable across
time periods. In 2001, the Company had begun charging dealer-partners a monthly program fee for
access to the Companys Internet-based Credit Approval Processing System, also known as CAPS. In
accordance with GAAP, this fee was being recorded as revenue in the month the fee was charged.
However, based on feedback from field sales personnel and dealer-partners, the Company concluded
that structuring the fee in this way was contributing to increased dealer-partner attrition. To
address the problem, the Company changed its method for collecting these fees.
As of January 1, 2007, the Company began to take the program fee out of future dealer holdback
payments instead of collecting it in the current period. The change reduced per unit profitability,
since cash that previously was collected immediately is now collected over time. In addition, the
change required us to modify our GAAP accounting method for program fees. Starting January 1, 2007,
the Company began to record program fees for GAAP purposes as an adjustment to the loan yield,
effectively recognizing them over the term of the dealer loan. This new GAAP treatment is more
consistent with the cash economics. To allow for proper comparisons in the future, the program fee
adjustment applies this new GAAP treatment to all pre-2007 periods.

6
The following tables show earnings and earnings per share (diluted) for 2001 2009 after the two
adjustments:
Floating | Program | |||||||||||||||||||
GAAP | yield | fee | Adjusted | Year-to-year | ||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | net income | adjustment | adjustment1 | net income2 | change | |||||||||||||||
2001 |
$ | 24,671 | $ | 1,257 | $ | (1,080) | $ | 24,848 | ||||||||||||
2002 |
$ | 29,774 | $ | 2,818 | $ | (2,151) | $ | 30,441 | 22.5% | |||||||||||
2003 |
$ | 24,669 | $ | 1,384 | $ | (2,068) | $ | 23,985 | -21.2% | |||||||||||
2004 |
$ | 57,325 | $ | (58) | $ | (1,043) | $ | 56,224 | 134.4% | |||||||||||
2005 |
$ | 72,601 | $ | (2,202) | $ | (2,112) | $ | 68,287 | 21.5% | |||||||||||
2006 |
$ | 58,640 | $ | 359 | $ | (2,759) | $ | 56,240 | -17.6% | |||||||||||
2007 |
$ | 54,916 | $ | 3,555 | $ | 4,985 | $ | 63,456 | 12.8% | |||||||||||
2008 |
$ | 67,177 | $ | 13,079 | $ | 2,075 | $ | 82,331 | 29.7% | |||||||||||
2009 |
$ | 146,255 | $ | (19,523) | $ | 796 | $ | 127,528 | 54.9% | |||||||||||
Compound annual growth rate 2001 2009 | 22.7% |
Floating | Program | |||||||||||||||||||
GAAP | yield | fee | Adjusted | |||||||||||||||||
net income | adjustment | adjustment | net income | Year-to-year | ||||||||||||||||
per share | per share | per share1 | per share2 | change | ||||||||||||||||
2001 |
$ | 0.57 | $ | 0.03 | $ | (0.03) | $ | 0.57 | ||||||||||||
2002 |
$ | 0.69 | $ | 0.06 | $ | (0.05) | $ | 0.70 | 22.8% | |||||||||||
2003 |
$ | 0.57 | $ | 0.03 | $ | (0.05) | $ | 0.55 | -21.4% | |||||||||||
2004 |
$ | 1.40 | $ | | $ | (0.03) | $ | 1.37 | 149.1% | |||||||||||
2005 |
$ | 1.85 | $ | (0.06) | $ | (0.05) | $ | 1.74 | 27.0% | |||||||||||
2006 |
$ | 1.66 | $ | 0.01 | $ | (0.08) | $ | 1.59 | -8.6% | |||||||||||
2007 |
$ | 1.76 | $ | 0.11 | $ | 0.16 | $ | 2.03 | 27.7% | |||||||||||
2008 |
$ | 2.16 | $ | 0.42 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 2.65 | 30.5% | |||||||||||
2009 |
$ | 4.62 | $ | (0.62) | $ | 0.03 | $ | 4.03 | 52.1% | |||||||||||
Compound annual growth rate 2001 2009 | 27.7% |
1 | The program fee adjustment will become less significant in future periods. We believe that the program fee adjustment will be immaterial starting in 2010. | |
2 | The adjusted net income and adjusted net income per share results and year-to-year changes shown in the table differ slightly from those published in the Companys year-end earnings releases. That is because the earnings release figures include additional adjustments related to taxes, non-recurring expenses and discontinued operations. Those additional adjustments have been excluded from the table for simplicity. |
As the table shows, adjusted net income per share (diluted) increased 52.1% in 2009. Over the
full nine-year period, adjusted net income per share increased at an annual compounded rate of
27.7%. In most years, the two adjustments had a relatively insignificant impact on our results.
However, the program fee adjustment had a significant impact in 2007, while the floating yield
adjustment had a significant impact in both 2008 and 2009. During 2008, we reduced our expectations
for loan performance, causing GAAP earnings to be less than adjusted earnings (since GAAP requires
decreases in expected cash flows to be recorded as an expense in the current period). Then, as
2009 progressed, it became clear that we had reduced our expectations by too much in 2008, so in
2009 we reversed a portion of those downgrades. In addition, the new loans we wrote in 2009
performed

7
better than we expected. The effect of better-than-expected results was to make GAAP
earnings in 2009 considerably higher than adjusted earnings the opposite of the relationship seen
in 2008. When the two years are combined, the GAAP result is very similar to the adjusted result;
however, when 2008 and 2009 are viewed separately, we believe that the adjusted results more
accurately reflect our performance in each year.
ECONOMIC PROFIT
We use a financial metric called Economic Profit to evaluate our financial results and determine
incentive compensation. Besides including the two adjustments discussed above, Economic Profit
differs from GAAP-based net income in one other important respect: Economic Profit includes a cost
for equity capital.
The following table summarizes Economic Profit for 20012009:
Adjusted | Imputed | Economic | ||||||||||
(In thousands) | net income | cost of equity | Profit | |||||||||
2001 |
$ | 24,848 | $ | (29,655) | $ | (4,807) | ||||||
2002 |
$ | 30,441 | $ | (35,587) | $ | (5,146) | ||||||
2003 |
$ | 23,985 | $ | (34,698) | $ | (10,713) | ||||||
2004 |
$ | 56,224 | $ | (34,451) | $ | 21,773 | ||||||
2005 |
$ | 68,287 | $ | (34,478) | $ | 33,809 | ||||||
2006 |
$ | 56,240 | $ | (29,604) | $ | 26,636 | ||||||
2007 |
$ | 63,456 | $ | (27,208) | $ | 36,248 | ||||||
2008 |
$ | 82,331 | $ | (35,767) | $ | 46,564 | ||||||
2009 |
$ | 127,528 | $ | (46,006) | $ | 81,522 |
Economic Profit (including the floating yield and program fee adjustments) improved 75.1% in
2009, to $81.5 million from $46.6 million in 2008. Over the nine-year period, Economic Profit
improved from a loss of $4.8 million in 2001 to a profit of $81.5 million in 2009.

8
Economic Profit is a function of three variables: the adjusted average amount of capital invested,
the adjusted return on capital, and the adjusted weighted average cost of capital. The following
table summarizes our financial performance in these areas for the last nine years:
Adjusted average | Adjusted | |||||||||||||||
capital invested | Adjusted return | weighted average | ||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | on capital | cost of capital | Spread | |||||||||||||
2001 |
$ | 469,939 | 7.4% | 8.4% | -1.0% | |||||||||||
2002 |
$ | 462,010 | 7.7% | 8.9% | -1.2% | |||||||||||
2003 |
$ | 437,467 | 6.6% | 9.0% | -2.4% | |||||||||||
2004 |
$ | 483,734 | 13.1% | 8.6% | 4.5% | |||||||||||
2005 |
$ | 523,438 | 14.7% | 8.3% | 6.4% | |||||||||||
2006 |
$ | 548,482 | 12.9% | 8.1% | 4.8% | |||||||||||
2007 |
$ | 710,114 | 12.1% | 7.0% | 5.1% | |||||||||||
2008 |
$ | 974,976 | 11.2% | 6.4% | 4.8% | |||||||||||
2009 |
$ | 998,719 | 14.9% | 6.7% | 8.2% | |||||||||||
Compound annual growth rate 2001 2009 |
9.9% |
See Exhibit A for a reconciliation of the above adjusted financial measures to the most
relevant GAAP financial measures.
As the table shows, the improvement in Economic Profit in 2004 2005 resulted primarily from
increases in the adjusted return on capital. In 2006 a year in which Economic Profit declined -
adjusted return on capital was again the main driver, but in the opposite direction. Adjusted
return on capital declined as a result of a $7.0 million after-tax charge related to an agreement
to settle litigation (growing out of an activity that occurred 10 years prior) and a $4.4 million
after-tax gain from discontinued operations recorded in 2005. In 20072008, the improvements in
Economic Profit resulted from increases in adjusted average capital and decreases in the adjusted
cost of capital. The decreases were due to lower borrowing costs and greater use of debt, which
carries a lower average cost than equity capital. These favorable trends during 20072008 were
partially offset by lower returns on capital as a result of pricing reductions we made in 2006 and
2007 to respond to a more competitive market environment. As competitive conditions improved in
2008, we reversed the pricing reductions, which allowed us to substantially improve our return on
capital in 2009. It was return on capital that was the main driver of the 2009 increase in Economic
Profit.
LOAN PERFORMANCE
One of the most important variables determining our financial success is loan performance. The
most important time to correctly assess future loan performance is at origination, since that is
when we determine the advance we pay to the dealer-partner. Assessing future collection rates is
difficult, however. Knowing this, we allocate significant time and attention to the process. Most
importantly, we maintain realistic expectations about the precision of our estimates, and set
advance rates so that even if we overestimate loan performance, the loans are still highly likely
to be profitable.
At loan inception, we use a statistical model to estimate the expected collection rate for each
loan. The statistical model is called a credit scorecard. Most consumer finance companies use such
a tool

9
to evaluate the loans they originate. Our credit scorecard combines credit bureau data, customer
data supplied in the credit application, vehicle data, and data captured from the loan transaction
such as the amount of the down payment received from the customer or the initial loan term. We
developed our first credit scorecard in 1998, and have revised it several times since then. An
accurate credit scorecard allows us to evaluate and properly price new loan originations, which
improves the probability that we will actually realize our expected returns on capital.
Subsequent to loan origination, we continue to evaluate the expected collection rate for each loan.
Our evaluation becomes more accurate as the loans age, as we use actual loan performance data in
our forecast. By comparing our current expected collection rate for each loan with the rate we
projected at the time of origination, we are able to assess the accuracy of that initial forecast.
The following table compares, for each of the last nine years, our most current forecast of loan
performance with our initial forecast:
December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2009 | Initial | Current forecast as % | ||||||||||||||
forecast | forecast | Variance | of initial forecast | |||||||||||||
2001 |
67.5% | 70.4% | -2.9% | 95.9% | ||||||||||||
2002 |
70.4% | 67.9% | 2.5% | 103.7% | ||||||||||||
2003 |
73.7% | 72.0% | 1.7% | 102.4% | ||||||||||||
2004 |
73.1% | 73.0% | 0.1% | 100.1% | ||||||||||||
2005 |
73.7% | 74.0% | -0.3% | 99.6% | ||||||||||||
2006 |
70.3% | 71.4% | -1.1% | 98.5% | ||||||||||||
2007 |
68.3% | 70.7% | -2.4% | 96.6% | ||||||||||||
2008 |
70.0% | 69.7% | 0.3% | 100.4% | ||||||||||||
2009 |
75.6% | 71.9% | 3.7% | 105.1% |
The loans we originated in 2002 2004 and 2008 2009 have performed better than our initial
expectation, while loans originated in 2001 and in 2005 2007 have performed worse. Loan
performance can be explained by a combination of internal and external factors. Internal factors
include the quality of our origination and collection processes, the quality of our credit
scorecard, and changes in our policies governing new loan originations. External factors include
the unemployment rate, the retail price of gasoline, vehicle wholesale values and the cost of other
required expenditures (such as for food and energy) that impact our customers. In addition, the
level of competition is thought to impact loan performance through something called adverse
selection, which we explain below.

10
The following table highlights one external factor, the national unemployment rate, and
compares it to our loan performance variance as defined in the table above. For purposes of this
comparison, we used the average change in the national unemployment rate over the 24-month period
following loan origination. For loans originated within the last 24 months, we used the change in
the unemployment rate that occurred through December of 2009:
Variance in loan | 24-month change in | |||
performance from | the average national | |||
initial estimate | unemployment rate | |||
2001 |
-2.9% | 1.3% | ||
2002 |
2.5% | -0.2% | ||
2003 |
1.7% | -0.9% | ||
2004 |
0.1% | -0.9% | ||
2005 |
-0.3% | -0.4% | ||
2006 |
-1.1% | 1.2% | ||
2007 |
-2.4% | 4.6% | ||
2008 |
0.3% | 4.2% | ||
2009 |
3.7% | 0.8% | ||
Average |
0.2% | 1.1% |
The relationship between the change in the unemployment rate and loan performance generally
follows an intuitive pattern for 2001 2007 originations. The years 2002 2004 were each followed
by a 24-month period in which the unemployment rate decreased, while 2001, 2006 and 2007 were each
followed by a 24-month period in which unemployment rose. As the table shows, loans originated in
2002 2004 have performed better than we initially expected, whereas loans originated in 2001,
2006 and 2007 have performed worse. The exception to the pattern observed in the 2001-2007 period
was 2005 originations, which have performed worse than we forecast even though the unemployment
rate declined. Although 2005 does not fit the pattern, the declines in both loan performance and
the unemployment rate were modest.
For 2008 and 2009, we do not have a full 24 months of seasoning for all loans originated. However,
based on the experience we do have, the relationship between loan performance and the unemployment
rate is not following the same pattern that characterizes the 2001 2007 period. The unemployment
rate increased sharply in 2008, yet 2008 loans are performing slightly better than our initial
expectation. In 2009, the unemployment rate increased again, but 2009 loans are performing
substantially better than our initial estimate. There are two reasons why we believe 2008 and 2009
loans are performing better than we initially forecast: (1) downward adjustment of our initial
performance expectations once it became clear that the external environment was adversely impacting
loan performance, and (2) adverse selection, as indicated by the fact that loans originated in 2008
and 2009 are performing better than loans originated in 2007 with virtually identical
characteristics as measured by our scorecard.
We do not know with certainty that adverse selection is the reason why 2008 2009 loans are
performing better than 2007 loans, but we think it is the likely explanation. Adverse selection as
it relates to our market refers to an inverse correlation between the accuracy of an empirical
scorecard and the number of lenders that are competing for the loan. Said another way, without any

11
competition, it is relatively easy to build an accurate scorecard which assesses the probability of
payment based on attributes collected at the time of loan origination. As competition increases,
creating an accurate scorecard becomes more challenging.
To explain adverse selection, we will use a simple example. Assume that the scorecard we use to
originate loans is based on a single variable, the amount of the customers down payment, and that
the higher the down payment, the higher the expected collection rate. Assume that for many years,
we had no competitors and we accumulated performance data indicating that loans with down payments
above $1,000 consistently produced the same average collection rate. Then assume that we began to
compete with another lender whose scorecard ignored down payment and instead emphasized the amount
of the customers weekly income. As the new lender began to originate loans, our mix of loans would
be impacted as follows: we would start to receive loans with lower average weekly incomes as the
new lender originated loans with higher weekly incomes i.e., loans that we would have previously
originated. Furthermore, since our scorecard only focuses on down payment, the shift in our
borrower mix would not be detected by our scorecard, and our collection rate expectation would
remain unchanged. It is easy to see that this shift in borrower characteristics would have a
negative impact on loan performance, and that this impact would be missed by our scorecard.
Although the real world is more complex than this simple example with hundreds of lenders
competing for loans and with each lender using many variables in its scorecard adverse selection
is something that probably does impact loan performance. As competition decreased in 2008 and 2009,
it is likely that the impact of adverse selection decreased as well, causing loan performance to
improve.
UNIT VOLUME
The following table summarizes unit volume growth for 20012009:
Year-to-year | ||||||||
Unit volume | change | |||||||
2001 |
61,928 | |||||||
2002 |
49,801 | -19.6% | ||||||
2003 |
61,445 | 23.4% | ||||||
2004 |
74,154 | 20.7% | ||||||
2005 |
81,184 | 9.5% | ||||||
2006 |
91,344 | 12.5% | ||||||
2007 |
106,693 | 16.8% | ||||||
2008 |
121,282 | 13.7% | ||||||
2009 |
111,029 | -8.5% | ||||||
Compound annual growth rate |
7.6% |
Over the period, unit volumes grew at an annual compounded rate of 7.6%. In 2002 and 2009,
unit volumes declined as we reduced origination levels based on capital constraints. With the
renewal of
our lines of credit, the completion of our $110.5 million asset-backed financing and our successful
high-yield bond offering, we now have a much greater capacity to originate new loans than we did in
2009. As a result, we expect unit volumes to grow in 2010.

12
Historically, I have explained unit volume trends by focusing on three variables: the number of new
dealer-partners, dealer-partner attrition and the average volume per dealer-partner. Although we
continue to focus on these factors, they have ceased to be the primary drivers of unit volume, as
volume is now largely determined by the amount of capital we have to fund new loan originations.
For completeness, however, I will review the data on enrollments, attrition and volume per
dealer-partner, and make some brief comments on each factor.
Enrollments The number of new dealer-partners added in each of the last nine years is summarized
below:
New dealer-partners | ||
2001 |
310 | |
2002 |
156 | |
2003 |
331 | |
2004 |
456 | |
2005 |
738 | |
2006 |
857 | |
2007 |
1,162 | |
2008 |
1,202 | |
2009 |
1,055 |
Enrollments declined in 2009 as we focused our sales force on the quality of new recruits. Our
goal is to enroll dealers that are likely to become successful in our program. Not only do we
profit from the loans they produce, but they become advocates of our program. Enrolling dealers
that are not likely to have a positive experience in our program is counterproductive.
The changes we made to improve the quality of new enrollments had mixed results. While a greater
percentage of the dealers we enrolled achieved success, we enrolled fewer dealers, and overall unit
volumes from new dealers declined by 13.3%. The higher pricing we had in place for most of 2009
impacted these results to some degree. We are fortunate to have a large market there are over
50,000 franchised and independent automobile dealers in the United States and that gives us a
considerable opportunity to enroll new dealers in the future. We are currently expanding our field
sales force, which should help us take advantage of this opportunity.

13
Attrition This factor, expressed as the percentage of dealer-partners who were active in one year
but inactive in the next year, is summarized below:
Attrition | ||
2001 |
30.5% | |
2002 |
43.9% | |
2003 |
30.4% | |
2004 |
22.6% | |
2005 |
19.4% | |
2006 |
25.0% | |
2007 |
26.2% | |
2008 |
28.6% | |
2009 |
36.4% |
After falling from 2002 2005, attrition increased in 2006 2009. We attribute the
increases in 2006 and 2007 to the competitive environment, and the increases in 2008 and 2009 to
more conservative pricing. When we reduce advance rates, dealer-partners find it more difficult to
originate profitable loans. This impacts both volume per dealer-partner and attrition. In addition,
many automobile dealers exited the market entirely in 2008 and 2009 as a result of extreme pressure
from the deteriorating economy.
Volume per dealer-partner The following table summarizes unit volume per dealer-partner for 2001
2009:
Average volume | Year-to-year | |||
per dealer-partner | change | |||
2001 |
52.5 | |||
2002 |
59.1 | 12.6% | ||
2003 |
64.7 | 9.5% | ||
2004 |
61.2 | -5.4% | ||
2005 |
46.2 | -24.5% | ||
2006 |
41.3 | -10.6% | ||
2007 |
37.7 | -8.7% | ||
2008 |
37.2 | -1.3% | ||
2009 |
35.1 | -5.6% |
After increasing in 2002 and 2003, volume per dealer-partner declined in each of the next six
years. The declines during the highly competitive period of 2004 2007 reflect our decision to
maintain our underwriting standards and retain a margin of safety in our pricing. The declines in
2008 and 2009 reflect our decision to reduce advance rates. Had we elected to pursue a strategy of
increasing
or maintaining volume per dealer-partner during those years a strategy pursued by many of our
competitors we would be in a much worse position today.

14
In the last four months of 2009, we began to increase our advance rates to generate higher unit
volumes. We have continued to increase our advance rates during the first part of 2010. The
changes have been effective in increasing unit volumes, in exchange for modest declines in per unit
profitability. We are confident the changes are having a positive impact on the total amount of
Economic Profit we will produce, which is the standard that all pricing changes need to meet.
SHAREHOLDER DISTRIBUTIONS
Like any profitable business, we generate cash. Historically, we have used this cash to fund
origination growth, repay debt or fund share repurchases.
We use excess capital to repurchase shares when prices are at or below our estimate of intrinsic
value (which is the discounted value of future cash flows). As long as the share price is at or
below intrinsic value, we prefer share repurchases to dividends for several reasons. First, share
repurchases are given more favorable tax treatment than are dividends. Shareholders who sell a
portion of their holdings receive the same benefit as they do from a dividend, but they are only
taxed on the difference between the cash proceeds from the sale and the cost basis of their shares.
With a dividend, the entire cash amount received is taxable. In addition, distributing capital to
shareholders through a share repurchase gives shareholders the option to defer taxes by electing
not to sell any of their holdings. A dividend does not allow shareholders to defer taxes in this
manner.
Second, a share repurchase provides shareholders with the discretion to increase their ownership,
receive cash or do both based on their individual circumstances and view of the value of a Credit
Acceptance share. (They do both if the proportion of shares they sell is smaller than the ownership
stake they gain through the repurchase program.) A dividend does not provide similar flexibility.
Third, repurchasing shares below intrinsic value increases the value of the remaining shares.
Since beginning our share repurchase program in mid-1999, we have repurchased approximately 20.4
million shares at a total cost of $399.2 million. We did not repurchase any shares in 2009. As
noted above, the changes in the capital markets caused capital to be in short supply. We used all
available cash to fund new loan originations and to reduce debt levels by $134.7 million.
As noted above, we currently have approximately $450.0 million of available and unused credit
capacity. However, $325.0 million of this capacity is from our warehouse line of credit, which
must be renewed in August of this year. While we have no reason to believe we will not be
successful in renewing this facility, we need to plan for such a contingency nonetheless. Our first
priority is to make sure we have enough capital to fund new loan originations, and we are
continuing to work toward this objective. To the extent we are comfortable with our ability to fund
origination growth, we will consider returning capital to shareholders as we have in the past.

15
KEY SUCCESS FACTORS
Our financial success is a result of having a unique and valuable product and of putting in many
years of hard work to develop the business.
Our core product has remained essentially unchanged for 38 years. We provide auto loans to
consumers regardless of their credit history. Our customers consist of individuals who have
typically been turned away by other lenders. Traditional lenders have many reasons for declining a
loan. We have always believed that individuals, if given an opportunity to establish or reestablish
a positive credit history, will take advantage of it. As a result of this belief, we have changed
the lives of thousands of people.
However, as we have found, having a unique and valuable product is only one of the elements we need
if we are to make our business successful. There are others, and many have taken years to develop.
The following summarizes the key elements of our success today:
| We have developed the ability to offer guaranteed credit approval while maintaining an appropriate return on capital. It took years to develop the processes and accumulate the customer and loan performance data that we use to make profitable loans in our segment of the market. | ||
| We understand the daily execution required to successfully service a portfolio of automobile loans to customers in our target market. There are many examples of companies in our industry that underestimated the effort involved and are now bankrupt. Approximately 50% of our team members work directly on some aspect of servicing our loan portfolio, and we are fortunate to have such a capable and engaged group. | ||
| We have learned how to develop relationships with dealer-partners that are profitable. Forging a profitable relationship requires us to select the right dealer, align incentives, communicate constantly and create processes to enforce standards. In our segment of the market, the dealer-partner has significant influence over loan performance. Learning how to create relationships with dealer-partners who share our passion for changing lives has been one of our most important accomplishments. | ||
| We have developed a much more complete program for helping dealer-partners serve this segment of the market. Over the years, many dealer-partners have been overwhelmed by the work required to be successful in our program. Many dealer-partners have quit, telling us the additional profits generated from our program were not worth the effort. We have continually worked to provide solutions for the many obstacles that our dealer-partners encounter. It is impossible to quantify the impact of these initiatives on our loan volume because of the changing external environment. However, anecdotal evidence suggests our efforts have been worthwhile. Continuing to make our program easier for dealer-partners will likely produce additional benefits in the future. |

16
| We have developed a strong management team. Because we are successful at retaining our managers, they become stronger each year as they gain experience with our business. Our senior management team, consisting of 22 individuals, averages over 10 years of experience with our company. While we have added talent to our team selectively over the past few years, the experience of our core team is a key advantage. Our success in growing the business while simultaneously improving our returns on capital could not have occurred without the dedication and energy of this talented group. | ||
| We have strengthened our focus on our core business. At times in our history, our focus had been diluted by the pursuit of other, non-core opportunities. Today, we offer one product and focus 100% of our energy and capital on perfecting this product and providing it profitably. | ||
| We have developed a unique system, CAPS, for originating auto loans. Traditional indirect lending is inefficient. Many traditional lenders take one to four hours to process a loan application, and they decline most of the applications they process. We take 60 seconds, and we approve 100% of the applications submitted, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. In addition, our CAPS system makes our program easier for dealer-partners to use, and allows us to deploy much more precise risk-adjusted pricing. | ||
| We have developed a high-quality field sales force. Our sales team provides real value to our dealer-partners. Team members act as consultants as we teach dealer-partners how to successfully serve our market segment. | ||
| We have developed the ability to execute our loan origination process consistently over time. Consistent execution is difficult, as it requires us to maintain an appropriate balance between providing excellent service to our dealer-partners, and ensuring the loans we originate meet our standards. We measure both loan compliance and dealer-partner satisfaction on a monthly basis to assess our performance, and use these measures to make adjustments when necessary. | ||
| We devote a large portion of our time to something we call organizational health. Organizational health is about putting our team members in position to do their best work. For that, we focus consistently on 10 elements of operational effectiveness, including setting clear expectations, communicating fully, managing performance, providing training, maintaining effective incentive compensation plans, and providing the technology and processes required for operational excellence. |
A FINAL NOTE
We are pleased with the results we achieved in 2009. They stand as evidence, along with our
longer-term track record, that we are able to perform well in a variety of competitive and economic
environments. We start with a customer that other companies avoid, and give that customer the
chance to obtain a vehicle, establish a positive credit history, and move his or her life in a
positive

17
direction. Our team members take pride in the work they do, and in the benefits they provide to our
customers. They are a talented and dedicated group, and I am grateful for their efforts.

Brett A. Roberts
Chief Executive Officer
We claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for all of our forward-looking statements. These
forward-looking statements represent our outlook only as of the date of this report. While we
believe that our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ materially
since the statements are based on our current expectations, which are subject to risks and
uncertainties. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, the
factors set forth under Item 1A of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference,
elsewhere in this report and the risks and uncertainties discussed in our other reports filed or
furnished from time to time with the SEC.

18
EXHIBIT A
RECONCILIATION OF GAAP FINANCIAL RESULTS TO NON-GAAP MEASURES
GAAP | Floating yield | Program fee | Other | Adjusted | ||||||||||||||||||||
net income | adjustment | adjustment | adjustments | net income | Year-to-year | |||||||||||||||||||
per share | per share | per share | per share1 | per share | change | |||||||||||||||||||
2008 |
$ | 2.16 | $ | 0.42 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 2.66 | ||||||||||||||
2009 |
$ | 4.62 | $ | (0.62) | $ | 0.03 | $ | (0.08) | $ | 3.95 | 48.5% |
1Other adjustments include gain from discontinued United Kingdom segment (after-tax), interest expense related to interest rate swap agreement (after-tax), and adjustment to record taxes at 37%, as disclosed in our year-end earnings release. |
GAAP | Floating yield | Program fee | Adjusted | Imputed | Economic | |||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | net income | adjustment | adjustment | net income2 | cost of equity | Profit | ||||||||||||||||||
2001 |
$ | 24,671 | $ | 1,257 | $ | (1,080) | $ | 24,848 | $ | (29,655) | $ | (4,807) | ||||||||||||
2002 |
$ | 29,774 | $ | 2,818 | $ | (2,151) | $ | 30,441 | $ | (35,587) | $ | (5,146) | ||||||||||||
2003 |
$ | 24,669 | $ | 1,384 | $ | (2,068) | $ | 23,985 | $ | (34,698) | $ | (10,713) | ||||||||||||
2004 |
$ | 57,325 | $ | (58) | $ | (1,043) | $ | 56,224 | $ | (34,451) | $ | 21,773 | ||||||||||||
2005 |
$ | 72,601 | $ | (2,202) | $ | (2,112) | $ | 68,287 | $ | (34,478) | $ | 33,809 | ||||||||||||
2006 |
$ | 58,640 | $ | 359 | $ | (2,759) | $ | 56,240 | $ | (29,604) | $ | 26,636 | ||||||||||||
2007 |
$ | 54,916 | $ | 3,555 | $ | 4,985 | $ | 63,456 | $ | (27,208) | $ | 36,248 | ||||||||||||
2008 |
$ | 67,177 | $ | 13,079 | $ | 2,075 | $ | 82,331 | $ | (35,767) | $ | 46,564 | ||||||||||||
2009 |
$ | 146,255 | $ | (19,523) | $ | 796 | $ | 127,528 | $ | (46,006) | $ | 81,522 |
2Adjusted net income differs slightly from that published in the Companys year-end earnings releases. That is because the earnings release figures include additional adjustments related to taxes, non-recurring expenses and discontinued operations. Those additional adjustments have been excluded from this table for simplicity. |
GAAP average | Floating yield | Program fee | Adjusted average | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | capital invested3 | adjustment | adjustment | capital invested | ||||||||||||
2001 |
$ | 466,802 | $ | 3,451 | $ | (314) | $ | 469,939 | ||||||||
2002 |
$ | 457,641 | $ | 5,792 | $ | (1,423) | $ | 462,010 | ||||||||
2003 |
$ | 431,973 | $ | 7,933 | $ | (2,439) | $ | 437,467 | ||||||||
2004 |
$ | 478,345 | $ | 8,730 | $ | (3,341) | $ | 483,734 | ||||||||
2005 |
$ | 520,376 | $ | 7,574 | $ | (4,512) | $ | 523,438 | ||||||||
2006 |
$ | 550,017 | $ | 5,510 | $ | (7,045) | $ | 548,482 | ||||||||
2007 |
$ | 707,755 | $ | 8,198 | $ | (5,839) | $ | 710,114 | ||||||||
2008 |
$ | 963,569 | $ | 13,762 | $ | (2,355) | $ | 974,976 | ||||||||
2009 |
$ | 986,523 | $ | 13,150 | $ | (954) | $ | 998,719 |
3Average capital invested is defined as average debt plus average shareholders equity. |
GAAP | Floating yield | Program fee | Adjusted | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | return on capital4 | adjustment | adjustment | return on capital | ||||||||||||
2001 |
7.4% | 0.2% | -0.2% | 7.4% | ||||||||||||
2002 |
7.7% | 0.5% | -0.4% | 7.7% | ||||||||||||
2003 |
6.8% | 0.2% | -0.4% | 6.6% | ||||||||||||
2004 |
13.5% | -0.3% | -0.1% | 13.1% | ||||||||||||
2005 |
15.6% | -0.6% | -0.3% | 14.7% | ||||||||||||
2006 |
13.3% | -0.1% | -0.3% | 12.9% | ||||||||||||
2007 |
11.0% | 0.4% | 0.8% | 12.1% | ||||||||||||
2008 |
9.8% | 1.2% | 0.2% | 11.2% | ||||||||||||
2009 |
16.9% | -2.2% | 0.1% | 14.9% |
4Return on capital is defined as net income plus interest expense after-tax divided by average capital. |
GAAP weighted | Adjusted weighted | |||||||||||||||
average cost | Floating yield | Program fee | average cost | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | of capital5 | adjustment | adjustment | of capital | ||||||||||||
2001 |
8.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 8.4% | ||||||||||||
2002 |
8.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 8.9% | ||||||||||||
2003 |
9.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 9.0% | ||||||||||||
2004 |
8.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 8.6% | ||||||||||||
2005 |
8.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 8.3% | ||||||||||||
2006 |
8.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 8.1% | ||||||||||||
2007 |
7.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 7.0% | ||||||||||||
2008 |
6.4% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 6.4% | ||||||||||||
2009 |
6.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 6.7% |
5The cost of capital includes both a cost of equity and a cost of debt. The cost of equity capital is determined based on a formula that considers the risk of the business and the risk associated with our use of debt. The formula utilized for determining the cost of equity capital is as follows: (the average 30 year treasury rate + 5%) + [(1 tax rate) x (the average 30 year treasury rate + 5% pre-tax average cost of debt rate) x average debt/(average equity + average debt x tax rate)]. |
NOTE: Amounts may not recalculate due to rounding.
19