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EX-99.3 - EX-99.3 - Discover Financial Servicesa1q21earningspresentatio.htm
EX-99.1 - EX-99.1 - Discover Financial Servicesdfs-earningsreleasex1q21ex.htm
8-K - 8-K - Discover Financial Servicesdfs-20210421.htm

DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
EARNINGS SUMMARY
(unaudited, in millions, except per share statistics)
 Quarter Ended
 Mar 31,
2021
Dec 31,
2020
Sep 30,
2020
Jun 30,
2020
Mar 31,
2020
Mar 31, 2021 vs. Mar 31, 2020
EARNINGS SUMMARY       
Interest Income$2,646 $2,760 $2,681 $2,672 $2,982 ($336)(11 %)
Interest Expense316 383 416 482 584 (268)(46 %)
Net Interest Income2,330 2,377 2,265 2,190 2,398 (68)(3 %)
Discount/Interchange Revenue766 811 752 622 694 72 10 %
Rewards Cost525 569 514 385 478 47 10 %
Discount and Interchange Revenue, net241 242 238 237 216 25 12 %
Protection Products Revenue43 45 44 44 47 (4)(9 %)
Loan Fee Income107 110 100 85 119 (12)(10 %)
Transaction Processing Revenue51 52 50 49 44 16 %
Other Income23 (2)17 57 64 (41)(64 %)
Total Non-Interest Income465 447 449 472 490 (25)(5 %)
Revenue Net of Interest Expense2,795 2,824 2,714 2,662 2,888 (93)(3 %)
Provision for Credit Losses(365)531 750 2,046 1,807 (2,172)(120 %)
Employee Compensation and Benefits506 504 471 452 467 39 %
Marketing and Business Development154 159 140 129 231 (77)(33 %)
Information Processing & Communications109 198 111 117 114 (5)(4 %)
Professional Fees182 192 151 181 193 (11)(6 %)
Premises and Equipment24 30 26 27 30 (6)(20 %)
Other Expense106 195 106 171 124 (18)(15 %)
Total Operating Expense1,081 1,278 1,005 1,077 1,159 (78)(7 %)
Income/ (Loss) Before Income Taxes2,079 1,015 959 (461)(78)2,157 NM
Tax Expense486 216 188 (93)(17)503 NM
Net Income/ (Loss)$1,593 $799 $771 ($368)($61)$1,654 NM
Net Income/ (Loss) Allocated to Common Stockholders$1,546 $794 $751 ($369)($78)$1,624 NM
Effective Tax Rate23.4 %21.3 %19.6 %20.2 %22.0 %
Net Interest Margin10.75 %10.63 %10.19 %9.81 %10.21 %54 bps
Operating Efficiency38.7 %45.2 %37.0 %40.5 %40.1 %(140)bps
ROE56 %30 %31 %(15)%(2)%
ROCE59 %33 %34 %(16)%(3)%
Capital Returned to Common Stockholders$232 $119 $117 $136 $468 ($236)(50 %)
Payout Ratio15 %15 %16 %(37)%(604)%
Ending Common Shares Outstanding306 307 306 306 306 — — %
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding307 307 306 306 308 (1)— %
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding (fully diluted)307 307 306 306 308 (1)— %
PER SHARE STATISTICS       
Basic EPS$5.04 $2.59 $2.45 ($1.20)($0.25)$5.29 NM
Diluted EPS$5.04 $2.59 $2.45 ($1.20)($0.25)$5.29 NM
Common Dividends Declared Per Share$0.44 $0.44 $0.44 $0.44 $0.44 $— — %
Common Stock Price (period end)$94.99 $90.53 $57.78 $50.09 $35.67 $59.32 166 %
Book Value per share $39.72 $35.50 $33.45 $31.47 $31.55 $8.17 26 %
  Note: See Glossary of Financial Terms for definitions of financial terms



DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
BALANCE SHEET SUMMARY
(unaudited, in millions)
 Quarter Ended  
 Mar 31, 2021Dec 31, 2020Sep 30, 2020Jun 30, 2020Mar 31, 2020Mar 31, 2021 vs. Mar 31, 2020
BALANCE SHEET SUMMARY       
Assets       
Cash and Investment Securities 1
$30,106 $25,703 $38,991 $28,201 $21,993 $8,113 37 %
Total Loan Receivables86,347 90,449 88,660 88,927 92,963 (6,616)(7 %)
Allowance for Credit Losses(7,347)(8,226)(8,226)(8,184)(6,913)(434)(6 %)
Net Loan Receivables79,000 82,223 80,434 80,743 86,050 (7,050)(8 %)
Premises and Equipment, net1,021 1,027 1,121 1,115 1,070 (49)(5 %)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net350 350 350 351 410 (60)(15 %)
Other Assets3,394 3,586 3,453 3,382 3,134 260 %
Total Assets$113,871 $112,889 $124,349 $113,792 $112,657 $1,214 %
Liabilities & Stockholders' Equity       
           Certificates of Deposits 2
$16,681$18,526 $19,661 $20,848 $20,703 ($4,022)(19 %)
           Savings, Money Market, and Other Deposits 2
47,420 44,971 43,282 40,266 36,003 11,417 32 %
Direct to Consumer Deposits 2
64,101 63,497 62,943 61,114 56,706 7,395 13 %
Brokered Deposits and Other Deposits12,644 13,407 15,072 16,250 16,712 (4,068)(24 %)
Deposits76,745 76,904 78,015 77,364 73,418 3,327 %
   Short-term Borrowings 3
— — 10,700 — — — NM
   Securitized Borrowings10,804 10,840 11,425 12,766 13,939 (3,135)(22 %)
   Other Borrowings10,207 10,401 10,416 10,428 12,159 (1,952)(16 %)
Borrowings21,011 21,241 32,541 23,194 26,098 (5,087)(19 %)
Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities3,961 3,860 3,541 3,591 3,476 485 14 %
Total Liabilities101,717 102,005 114,097 104,149 102,992 (1,275)(1 %)
Total Equity12,154 10,884 10,252 9,643 9,665 2,489 26 %
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity$113,871 $112,889 $124,349 $113,792 $112,657 $1,214 %
LIQUIDITY       
Liquidity Portfolio 4
$28,196 $24,411 $25,759 $26,853 $19,430 $8,766 45 %
Private Asset-backed Securitizations6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 — — %
Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowing Capacity1,127 — — — — 1,127 NM
Federal Reserve Discount Window  5
32,457 32,930 32,635 32,830 34,712 (2,255)(6 %)
Undrawn Credit Facilities 5
39,584 38,930 38,635 38,830 40,712 (1,128)(3 %)
Total Liquidity$67,780$63,341$64,394$65,683$60,142$7,63813 %
1 Numbers for the quarter ending September 30, 2020 includes $10.7 billion of agency pass-through residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) received in connection with a securities lending transaction entered into in September 2020
2 Includes Affinity relationships
3 Represents the obligation to return the agency pass-through RMBS received from the counterparty of the securities lending transaction. The Company returned the RMBS when the securities lending transaction expired in November 2020
4 Excludes U.S. Treasury securities that have been pledged as collateral in the securities lending transaction
5 Excludes investments pledged to the Federal Reserve, which is included within the liquidity portfolio
Note: See Glossary of Financial Terms for definitions of financial terms



DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
BALANCE SHEET STATISTICS
(unaudited, in millions)
 Quarter Ended  
 Mar 31, 2021Dec 31, 2020Sep 30, 2020Jun 30, 2020Mar 31, 2020Mar 31, 2021 vs. Mar 31, 2020
BALANCE SHEET STATISTICS       
Total Common Equity$11,098 $9,828 $9,196 $8,587 $9,102 $1,996 22 %
Total Common Equity/Total Assets9.7 %8.7 %7.4 %7.5 %8.1 %
Total Common Equity/Net Loans14.0 %12.0 %11.4 %10.6 %10.6 %
Tangible Assets$113,521 $112,539 $123,999 $113,441 $112,247 $1,274 %
Tangible Common Equity 1
$10,748 $9,478 $8,846 $8,236 $8,692 $2,056 24 %
Tangible Common Equity/Tangible Assets 1
9.5 %8.4 %7.1 %7.3 %7.7 %
Tangible Common Equity/Net Loans 1
13.6 %11.5 %11.0 %10.2 %10.1 %
Tangible Common Equity per share  1
$35.12 $30.91 $28.86 $26.88 $28.38 $6.74 24 %
Basel III
Quarter Ended
REGULATORY CAPITAL RATIOS 2
Mar 31, 2021Dec 31, 2020Sep 30, 2020Jun 30, 2020Mar 31, 2020  
Total Risk Based Capital Ratio18.0 %16.1 %15.2 %14.7 %13.7 %  
Tier 1 Risk Based Capital Ratio16.1 %14.3 %13.3 %12.9 %11.9 %  
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio 12.2 %10.9 %10.6 %10.0 %9.9 %  
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio 14.9 %13.1 %12.2 %11.7 %11.3 %
1 Tangible Common Equity ("TCE") is a non-GAAP measure. The Company believes TCE is a more meaningful measure to investors of the net asset value of the Company. For corresponding reconciliation of TCE to a GAAP financial measure see Reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP Data schedule
2 Based on the final rule published September 30, 2020. Capital ratios reflect delay in the recognition of the impact of CECL reserves on regulatory capital for two years in accordance with the final rule
  Note: See Glossary of Financial Terms for definitions of financial terms




DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
AVERAGE BALANCE SHEET
(unaudited, in millions)
 Quarter Ended  
 Mar 31, 2021Dec 31, 2020Sep 30, 2020Jun 30, 2020Mar 31, 2020Mar 31, 2021 vs. Mar 31, 2020
AVERAGE BALANCES       
Assets       
Cash and Investment Securities$27,927 $30,245 $27,841 $25,681 $17,977 $9,950 55 %
Restricted Cash136 121 775 226 627 (491)(78 %)
Credit Card Loans68,723 69,997 69,643 70,848 75,337 (6,614)(9 %)
Private Student Loans10,211 9,952 9,790 9,826 9,992 219 %
Personal Loans7,075 7,197 7,255 7,475 7,704 (629)(8 %)
Other Loans1,896 1,814 1,734 1,622 1,468 428 29 %
Total Loans87,905 88,960 88,422 89,771 94,501 (6,596)(7 %)
Total Interest Earning Assets115,968 119,326 117,038 115,678 113,105 2,863 %
Allowance for Credit Losses(8,214)(8,222)(8,183)(6,927)(5,851)(2,363)(40 %)
Other Assets6,165 6,050 5,981 5,717 5,661 504 %
Total Assets$113,919 $117,154 $114,836 $114,468 $112,915 $1,004 %
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity       
                       Certificates of Deposits 1
$17,682 $19,032 $20,295 $20,939 $19,688 ($2,006)(10 %)
                       Savings, Money Market, and Other Deposits 1
45,020 43,489 41,256 37,874 35,534 9,486 27 %
Direct to Consumer Deposits 1
62,702 62,521 61,551 58,813 55,222 7,480 14 %
Brokered Deposits and Other Deposits12,621 13,711 15,271 16,429 16,756 (4,135)(25 %)
Total Interest-bearing Deposits75,323 76,232 76,822 75,242 71,978 3,345 %
Short-term Borrowings3,722 350 — — — 
Securitized Borrowings10,826 10,945 12,115 12,960 14,087 (3,261)(23 %)
Other Long-term Borrowings10,360 10,409 10,426 11,375 11,790 (1,430)(12 %)
Total Interest-bearing Liabilities96,510 101,308 99,713 99,577 97,856 (1,346)(1 %)
Other Liabilities & Stockholders' Equity17,409 15,846 15,123 14,891 15,059 2,350 16 %
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity$113,919 $117,154 $114,836 $114,468 $112,915 $1,004 %
AVERAGE YIELD       
Assets       
Cash and Investment Securities0.79 %1.14 %0.90 %0.94 %1.80 %(101)bps
Restricted Cash0.03 %0.05 %0.09 %0.25 %1.06 %(103)bps
Credit Card Loans12.71 %12.65 %12.40 %12.34 %12.90 %(19)bps
Private Student Loans7.37 %7.40 %7.40 %7.46 %8.24 %(87)bps
Personal Loans12.83 %13.01 %13.03 %12.40 %13.27 %(44)bps
Other Loans5.94 %6.02 %6.25 %6.49 %6.73 %(79)bps
Total Loans11.96 %11.96 %11.78 %11.70 %12.34 %(38)bps
Total Interest Earning Assets9.25 %9.20 %9.11 %9.29 %10.60 %(135)bps
AVERAGE RATES
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity       
                       Certificates of Deposits 1
1.57 %1.80 %2.02 %2.22 %2.36 %(79)bps
                       Savings, Money Market, and Other Deposits 1
0.45 %0.57 %0.86 %1.29 %1.64 %(119)bps
Direct to Consumer Deposits 1
0.77 %0.94 %1.25 %1.62 %1.90 %(113)bps
Brokered Deposits and Other Deposits2.37 %2.38 %2.47 %2.52 %2.71 %(34)bps
Total Interest-bearing Deposits1.04 %1.20 %1.49 %1.81 %2.09 %(105)bps
Short-term Borrowings0.15 %3.10 %3.10 %0.25 %1.71 %(156)bps
Securitized Borrowings1.07 %1.06 %1.04 %1.24 %2.28 %(121)bps
Other Long-term Borrowings3.72 %3.60 %3.60 %3.63 %4.45 %(73)bps
Total Interest-bearing Liabilities1.33 %1.50 %1.66 %1.95 %2.40 %(107)bps
Net Interest Margin10.75 %10.63 %10.19 %9.81 %10.21 %54 bps
Net Yield on Interest-earning Assets8.15 %7.93 %7.70 %7.61 %8.53 %(38)bps
1 Includes Affinity relationships
Note: See Glossary of Financial Terms for definitions of financial terms



DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
LOAN STATISTICS
(unaudited, in millions)
 Quarter Ended  
 Mar 31,
2021
Dec 31,
2020
Sep 30,
2020
Jun 30,
2020
Mar 31,
2020
Mar 31, 2021 vs. Mar 31, 2020
TOTAL LOAN RECEIVABLES       
Ending Loans 1
$86,347 $90,449 $88,660 $88,927 $92,963 ($6,616)(7 %)
Average Loans 1
$87,905 $88,960 $88,422 $89,771 $94,501 ($6,596)(7 %)
Interest Yield11.96 %11.96 %11.78 %11.70 %12.34 %(38)bps
Gross Principal Charge-off Rate 3.45 %3.17 %3.78 %4.26 %4.15 %(70)bps
Net Principal Charge-off Rate 2.48 %2.38 %3.00 %3.44 %3.27 %(79)bps
Delinquency Rate (30 or more days)1.67 %1.89 %1.77 %1.98 %2.39 %(72)bps
Delinquency Rate (90 or more days)0.85 %0.88 %0.80 %1.03 %1.18 %(33)bps
Gross Principal Charge-off Dollars $747 $709 $842 $950 $975 ($228)(23 %)
Net Principal Charge-off Dollars$537 $531 $668 $767 $769 ($232)(30 %)
Net Interest and Fee Charge-off Dollars$118 $113 $141 $169 $178 ($60)(34 %)
Loans Delinquent 30 or more days$1,438 $1,705 $1,567 $1,763 $2,218 ($780)(35 %)
Loans Delinquent 90 or more days$732 $795 $708 $916 $1,095 ($363)(33 %)
Allowance for Credit Losses (period end)$7,347 $8,226 $8,226 $8,184 $6,913 $434 %
Reserve Change Build/ (Release) 2, 3
($879)$— $42 $1,271 $1,069 ($1,948)
Reserve Rate8.51 %9.09 %9.28 %9.20 %7.44 %107 bps
CREDIT CARD LOANS       
Ending Loans$67,304 $71,472 $69,656 $70,201 $73,811 ($6,507)(9 %)
Average Loans$68,723 $69,997 $69,643 $70,848 $75,337 ($6,614)(9 %)
Interest Yield12.71 %12.65 %12.40 %12.34 %12.90 %(19)bps
Gross Principal Charge-off Rate3.91 %3.53 %4.33 %4.84 %4.64 %(73)bps
Net Principal Charge-off Rate2.80 %2.63 %3.45 %3.90 %3.65 %(85)bps
Delinquency Rate (30 or more days) 1.85 %2.07 %1.91 %2.17 %2.62 %(77)bps
Delinquency Rate (90 or more days) 1.01 %1.03 %0.93 %1.21 %1.38 %(37)bps
Gross Principal Charge-off Dollars$663 $621 $759 $852 $869 ($206)(24 %)
Net Principal Charge-off Dollars$474 $463 $604 $688 $683 ($209)(31 %)
Loans Delinquent 30 or more days$1,245 $1,478 $1,328 $1,523 $1,935 ($690)(36 %)
Loans Delinquent 90 or more days$680 $739 $650 $846 $1,016 ($336)(33 %)
Allowance for Credit Losses (period end)$5,640 $6,491 $6,491 $6,491 $5,306 $334 %
Reserve Change Build/ (Release) 2
($851)$— $— $1,185 $756 ($1,607)
Reserve Rate8.38 %9.08 %9.32 %9.25 %7.19 %119 bps
Total Discover Card Volume$40,334 $43,581 $39,783 $33,105 $37,474 $2,860 %
Discover Card Sales Volume$37,744 $40,957 $37,134 $30,721 $33,988 $3,756 11 %
Rewards Rate1.38 %1.38 %1.38 %1.24 %1.40 %(2)bps
1 Total Loans includes Home Equity and other loans
2 Excludes January 1, 2020 CECL day one impact
3 Excludes any build/release of the liability for expected credit losses on unfunded commitments as the offset is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of financial condition
  Note: See Glossary of Financial Terms for definitions of financial terms



DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
LOAN STATISTICS
(unaudited, in millions)
 Quarter Ended  
 Mar 31, 2021Dec 31, 2020Sep 30, 2020Jun 30, 2020Mar 31, 2020Mar 31, 2021 vs. Mar 31, 2020
PRIVATE STUDENT LOANS       
Organic Student Loans$9,254 $8,989 $8,989 $8,635 $8,790 $464 %
Purchased Student Loans899 965 1,027 1,095 1,167 (268)(23 %)
Total Private Student Loans$10,153 $9,954 $10,016 $9,730 $9,957 $196 %
Interest Yield7.37 %7.40 %7.40 %7.46 %8.24 %(87)bps
Net Principal Charge-off Rate 1
0.53 %0.71 %0.58 %0.62 %0.68 %(15)bps
Delinquency Rate (30 or more days)1.20 %1.39 %1.49 %1.57 %1.75 %(55)bps
Reserve Rate8.49 %8.43 %8.38 %8.21 %7.68 %81 bps
PERSONAL LOANS       
Ending Loans$6,961 $7,177 $7,211 $7,316 $7,651 ($690)(9 %)
Interest Yield12.83 %13.01 %13.03 %12.40 %13.27 %(44)bps
Net Principal Charge-off Rate2.80 %2.79 %2.69 %3.43 %3.59 %(79)bps
Delinquency Rate (30 or more days)0.84 %1.08 %1.10 %1.07 %1.31 %(47)bps
Reserve Rate11.55 %11.94 %11.89 %11.71 %10.55 %100 bps
Note: See Glossary of Financial Terms for definitions of financial terms




DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
SEGMENT RESULTS AND VOLUME STATISTICS
(unaudited, in millions)
 Quarter Ended  
 Mar 31, 2021Dec 31, 2020Sep 30, 2020Jun 30, 2020Mar 31, 2020Mar 31, 2021 vs. Mar 31, 2020
DIGITAL BANKING       
Interest Income$2,646 $2,760 $2,681 $2,672 $2,982 ($336)(11 %)
Interest Expense316 383 416 482 584 (268)(46 %)
Net Interest Income2,330 2,377 2,265 2,190 2,398 (68)(3 %)
Non-Interest Income379 368 371 354 366 13 %
Revenue Net of Interest Expense2,709 2,745 2,636 2,544 2,764 (55)(2 %)
Provision for Credit Losses(365)531 750 2,046 1,807 (2,172)(120 %)
Total Operating Expense1,047 1,223 969 982 1,118 (71)(6 %)
Income/ (Loss) Before Income Taxes$2,027 $991 $917 ($484)($161)$2,188 NM
Net Interest Margin10.75 %10.63 %10.19 %9.81 %10.21 %54 bps
Pretax Return on Loan Receivables9.36 %4.44 %4.13 %(2.17)%(0.69)%1,005 bps
Allowance for Credit Losses (period end)$7,347 $8,226 $8,226 $8,184 $6,913 $434 %
Reserve Change Build/ (Release) 1
($879)$0 $42 $1,271 $1,069 ($1,948)
PAYMENT SERVICES       
Interest Income$— $— $— $— $— $— NM
Interest Expense— — — — — — NM
Net Interest Income— — — — — — NM
Non-Interest Income86 79 78 118 124 (38)(31 %)
Revenue Net of Interest Expense86 79 78 118 124 (38)(31 %)
Provision for Credit Losses— — — — — — NM
Total Operating Expense34 55 36 95 41 (7)(17 %)
Income/ (Loss) Before Income Taxes$52 $24 $42 $23 $83 ($31)(37 %)
TRANSACTIONS PROCESSED ON NETWORKS
Discover Network678 735 679 565 645 33 %
PULSE Network1,310 1,286 1,270 1,209 1,189 121 10 %
Total$1,988 $2,021 $1,949 $1,774 $1,834 $154 %
NETWORK VOLUME
PULSE Network$60,399 $55,055 $54,993 $52,859 $49,174 $11,225 23 %
Network Partners9,629 8,740 8,917 7,280 6,980 2,649 38 %
Diners Club International 2
5,897 6,321 5,839 4,339 7,737 (1,840)(24)%
Total Payment Services75,925 70,116 69,749 64,478 63,891 12,034 19 %
Discover Network - Proprietary39,202 42,526 38,699 32,349 35,180 4,022 11 %
Total$115,127 $112,642 $108,448 $96,827 $99,071 $16,056 16 %
1 Excludes January 1, 2020 CECL day one impact
2 Volume is derived from data provided by licencees for Diners Club branded cards issued outside of North America and is subject to subsequent revision or amendment
Note: See Glossary of Financial Terms for definitions of financial terms



DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES - GLOSSARY OF FINANCIAL TERMS
Balance Sheet & Regulatory Capital Terms
Liquidity Portfolio represents cash and cash equivalents (excluding cash-in-process) and other investments
Regulatory Capital Ratios are preliminary
Total Risk Based Capital Ratio represents total capital divided by risk-weighted assets
Tier 1 Capital Ratio represents tier 1 capital divided by risk-weighted assets
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio represents tier 1 capital divided by average total assets
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio represents common equity tier 1 capital divided by risk weighted assets
Tangible Assets represents total assets less goodwill and intangibles
Tangible Common Equity ("TCE"), a non-GAAP financial measure, represents total common equity less goodwill and intangibles. The Company believes TCE is a meaningful measure to investors of the net asset value of the Company. For corresponding reconciliation of TCE to a GAAP financial measure, see Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Data
Tangible Common Equity/Net Loans, a non-GAAP measure, represents TCE divided by total loans less the allowance for credit losses (period end)
Tangible Common Equity per Share, a non-GAAP measure, represents TCE divided by ending common shares outstanding
Tangible Common Equity/Tangible Assets, a non-GAAP measure, represents TCE divided by total assets less goodwill and intangibles
Undrawn Credit Facilities represents asset-backed conduit funding facilities and Federal Reserve discount window (excluding investments pledged to the Federal Reserve, which are included within the liquidity investment portfolio)
Credit Related Terms
Delinquency Rate (30 or more days) represents loans delinquent thirty days or more divided by ending loans (total or respective product loans, as appropriate)
Delinquency Rate (90 or more days) represents loans delinquent ninety days or more divided by ending loans (total or respective product loans, as appropriate)
Gross Principal Charge-off Rate represents gross principal charge-off dollars (annualized) divided by average loans for the reporting period (total or respective product loans, as appropriate)
Net Principal Charge-off Rate represents net principal charge-off dollars (annualized) divided by average loans for the reporting period (total or respective product loans, as appropriate)
Reserve Rate represents the allowance for credit losses divided by total loans (total or respective product loans, as appropriate)
Earnings and Shareholder Return Terms
Book Value per share represents total equity divided by ending common shares outstanding
Capital Returned to Common Stockholders represents common stock dividends declared and treasury share repurchases, excluding common stock issued under employee benefit plans and stock based compensation
Earnings Per Share represents net income allocated to common stockholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding
Interest Yield represents interest income on loan receivables (annualized) divided by average loans for the reporting period (total or respective product loans, as appropriate)
Net Income Allocated to Common Stockholders represents net income less preferred stock dividends and income allocated to participating securities
Net Interest Margin represents net interest income (annualized) divided by average total loans for the period
Net Yield on Interest Earning Assets represents net interest income (annualized) divided by average total interest earning assets for the period
Operating Efficiency represents total operating expense divided by revenue net of interest expense
Pretax Return on Loan Receivables represents income before income taxes (annualized) divided by total average loans for the period
Payout Ratio represents capital returned to common stockholders divided by net income allocated to common stockholders
Return on Equity represents net income (annualized) divided by average total equity for the reporting period
Rewards Rate represents Credit Card rewards cost divided by Discover Card sales volume
Volume Terms
Discover Card Sales Volume represents Discover card activity related to sales net of returns
Discover Card Volume represents Discover card activity related to sales net of returns, balance transfers, cash advances and other activity
Discover Network Proprietary Volume represents gross Discover Card sales volume on the Discover Network



DISCOVER FINANCIAL SERVICES
RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP DATA
(unaudited, in millions)
 Quarter Ended
 Mar 31, 2021Dec 31, 2020Sep 30, 2020Jun 30, 2020Mar 31, 2020
GAAP Total Common Equity$11,098 $9,828 $9,196 $8,587 $9,102 
Less: Goodwill(255)(255)(255)(255)(255)
Less: Intangibles(95)(95)(95)(96)(155)
Tangible Common Equity 1
$10,748 $9,478 $8,846 $8,236 $8,692 
GAAP Book Value Per Share$39.72 $35.50 $33.45 $31.47 $31.55 
Less: Goodwill(0.84)(0.84)(0.84)(0.83)(0.82)
Less: Intangibles(0.31)(0.31)(0.31)(0.31)(0.51)
   Less: Preferred Stock(3.45)(3.44)(3.44)(3.45)(1.84)
Tangible Common Equity Per Share $35.12 $30.91 $28.86 $26.88 $28.38 
1 Tangible Common Equity ("TCE"), a non-GAAP financial measure, represents common equity less goodwill and intangibles. A reconciliation of TCE to common equity, a GAAP financial measure, is shown above. Other financial services companies may also use TCE and definitions may vary, so users of this information are advised to exercise caution in comparing TCE of different companies. TCE is included because management believes that common equity excluding goodwill and intangibles is a more meaningful measure to investors of the true net asset value of the Company
Note: See Glossary of Financial Terms for definitions of financial terms