Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the incorporation
by reference in the following Registration Statements:
| (1) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-191161) pertaining to the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.
2013 Equity Compensation Plan |
| (2) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-194228) pertaining to the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.
2013 Equity Compensation Plan |
| (3) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-204210) pertaining to the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.
2013 Equity Compensation Plan |
| (4) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-210694) pertaining to the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.
2013 Equity Compensation Plan |
| (5) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-215575) pertaining to the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.
2013 Equity Compensation Plan |
| (6) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-222400) pertaining to the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.
2013 Equity Compensation Plan |
| (7) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-226199) pertaining to the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.
2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan |
| (8) | Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-233410) pertaining to the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.
2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan |
| (9) | Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-237844) of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. |
| (10) | Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-230744) of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. |
| (11) | Registration Statement (Form S-1 No. 333-211769) of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. |
| (12) | Registration Statement (Form S-1 No. 333-222374) of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. |
| (13) | Registration Statement (Form S-1 No. 333-224315) of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. |
| (14) | Registration Statement (Form S-1 No. 333-234360) of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. |
of our report dated March
18, 2021, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form
10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
March 18, 2021