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EX-99 - EXHIBIT 99 GUGGENHEIM CREDIT INCOME FUND FORM 10-Q - GUGGENHEIM CREDIT INCOME FUND 2021gcifmasterfundformq320.htm
EX-32 - EXHIBIT 32 906 CERTIFICATION - GUGGENHEIM CREDIT INCOME FUND 2021gcif2021section906cert.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 CFO 302 CERTIFICATION - GUGGENHEIM CREDIT INCOME FUND 2021certofcfogcif2021secti.htm
EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 CEO 302 CERTIFICATION - GUGGENHEIM CREDIT INCOME FUND 2021certofceogcif2021secti.htm

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549 

FORM 10-Q
ýQUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020
OR
oTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number: 814-01206
gugglogoa021.jpg
GUGGENHEIM CREDIT INCOME FUND 2021
(formerly GUGGENHEIM CREDIT INCOME FUND 2018 T)
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 37-1826285
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
330 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10017
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 739-0700
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading Symbol(s)Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
NoneN/AN/A
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ý   No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ¨  No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
¨
  Accelerated filer
¨
Non-accelerated filer
ý  
  Smaller reporting company
¨
Emerging growth company
¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  ý
The number of the Registrant's common shares outstanding as of November 10, 2020 was 0.



Guggenheim Credit Income Fund 2021 INDEX
PAGE
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 5.
Item 6.



FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or this Report, including Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in Item 2 of Part I of this Report, contains statements that constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). These forward-looking statements generally are characterized by the use of terms such as "may," "should," "plan," "anticipate," "estimate," "intend," "predict," "believe," "expect," "will," "will be," and "project" or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, our actual results could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Some factors that might cause such a difference include the following: increased direct competition; changes in government regulations or accounting rules; changes in local, national, and global economic conditions and capital market conditions; availability of proceeds from our offering of common shares; and the performance of Guggenheim Credit Income Fund (the "Master Fund") and its common shares that we own. Our actual results could differ materially from those implied or expressed in the forward-looking statements for any reason. You should exercise caution in relying on forward-looking statements as they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may materially affect our future results, performance, achievements, or transactions. Information on factors which could impact actual results and cause them to differ from what is anticipated in the forward-looking statements contained herein is included in this Report as well as in our other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including but not limited to those described in Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Report. Moreover, because we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment, new risks are likely to emerge from time to time. Given these uncertainties, we caution you not to place undue reliance on such statements, which apply only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events, or changes to future operating results over time unless otherwise required by law. The forward-looking statements should be read in light of the risk factors identified in Part II. Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Report. The forward-looking statements and projections contained in this Report are excluded from the safe harbor protection provided by Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act.
All references to "Note" or "Notes" throughout this Report refer to the notes to the financial statements of the registrant in Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited).
Unless otherwise noted, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” and the "Company" refer to Guggenheim Credit Income Fund 2021 (formerly known as Guggenheim Credit Income Fund 2018 T). All capitalized terms have the same meaning as defined in the Notes.
2



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
GUGGENHEIM CREDIT INCOME FUND 2021
STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (UNAUDITED)
September 30, 2020
Assets
Receivable from Advisor$5,500 
Total asset5,500 
Liabilities
Accrued professional fee5,500 
Total liability5,500 
Net Assets$— 
Components of Net Assets:
Common Shares, $0.001 par value, 1,000,000,000 Common Shares authorized, 0 Common Shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020
$— 
Paid-in-capital in excess of par value— 
Accumulated earnings
— 
Total net assets$— 
Net asset value per Common Share$— 



See Unaudited Notes to Financial Statements.

3



GUGGENHEIM CREDIT INCOME FUND 2021
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
For the Period from August 31, 2020 (Effective Date of Registration) to
September 30, 2020
Operating Expenses
Professional services fees$5,500 
Total operating expenses5,500 
Less: Expense support from related parties (See Note 3. Related Party Agreements and Transactions)
(5,500)
Net expenses— 
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations$— 
Per Common Share information:
Net investment income per Common Share outstanding - basic and diluted$— 
Earnings per Common Share - basic and diluted
$— 
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding - basic and diluted$— 
Distributions per Common Share$— 
See Unaudited Notes to Financial Statements.

4



GUGGENHEIM CREDIT INCOME FUND 2021
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
For the Period from Effective Date of Registration to September 30, 2020
Operating activities
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations$— 
Adjustments to reconcile net increase in net assets from operations to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
(Increase) in receivable from Advisor(5,500)
Decrease in accrued professional fees5,500 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities— 
Net increase in cash— 
Cash, beginning of period— 
Cash, end of period$— 
See Unaudited Notes to Financial Statements.
5



GUGGENHEIM CREDIT INCOME FUND 2021
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 1. Principal Business and Organization
Guggenheim Credit Income Fund 2021 (formerly known as Guggenheim Credit Income Fund 2018 T) (the "Company") was formed as a Delaware statutory trust on March 18, 2016. The Company's investment objectives are to provide its shareholders with current income, capital preservation and, to a lesser extent, long-term capital appreciation by investing substantially all of its equity capital in Guggenheim Credit Income Fund (the "Master Fund" or "GCIF"). The Company is a non-diversified closed-end management investment company that elected to be treated as a business development company (a "BDC") under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act").
The Master Fund elected to be treated as a BDC under the 1940 Act and it has the same investment objectives as the Company. The Master Fund is externally managed by Guggenheim Partners Investment Management, LLC ("Guggenheim" or the "Advisor"), which is responsible for sourcing potential investments, analyzing and conducting due diligence on prospective investment opportunities, structuring investments and ongoing monitoring of the Master Fund’s investment portfolio.
The Company intended to offer and sell its common shares ("Shares" or "Common Shares") pursuant to a registration statement on Form N-2 (the “Initial Registration Statement”), Securities Act File No. 333-211613 effective October 3, 2016, covering its continuous public offering of up to $1.0 billion of Common Shares. The Initial Registration Statement was terminated on March 29, 2018. On April 24, 2020, the Company filed a new registration statement on Form N-2 (the "Registration Statement") Securities Act File No. 333-237828 , covering a continuous public offering of up to $775.0 million (the "Public Offering"). The Company’s Registration Statement with respect to the Public Offering was declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on August 31, 2020.
As the Company raises capital in its Public Offering, it will then acquire Master Fund common shares in a continuous series of private placement transactions. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had not sold any of its Common Shares, acquired any Master Fund common shares, or commenced investment operations.
Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
Management has determined that the Company meets the definition of an investment company and follows the accounting and reporting guidance in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 946 — Financial Services — Investment Companies (“ASC Topic 946”).
The Company's interim financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and the disclosure requirements stipulated in Articles 6 and 10 of Regulation S-X, and therefore do not necessarily include all information and notes necessary for a fair statement of financial position and results of operations in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. ("GAAP"). In the opinion of management, the unaudited financial information for the interim period presented in this Report reflects all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of financial position and results from operations. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of operating results for an entire year. The Company's unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Master Fund's unaudited consolidated financial statements; the Master Fund's quarterly report on Form 10-Q is incorporated by reference and filed as an exhibit to this Report.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, (ii) the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reported period and (iii) disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions.
Federal Income Taxes
The Company has elected to be treated for federal income tax purposes, and intends to maintain its qualification, as a Regulated Investment Company ("RIC") under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). Generally, a RIC is not subject to federal income taxes on distributed income and gains if it distributes dividends in a timely manner out of assets legally available for distributions to its shareholders of an amount generally at least equal to 90% of its “Investment Company Taxable Income,”
6


Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)
determined without regard to any dividend paid, as defined in the Code. The Company intends to distribute sufficient dividends to maintain its RIC status each year and it does not anticipate incurring a material level of federal income taxes.
The Company is generally subject to nondeductible federal excise taxes if it does not distribute dividends to its shareholders in respect of each calendar year of an amount at least equal to the sum of (i) 98% of its net ordinary income (taking into account certain deferrals and elections) for the calendar year, (ii) 98.2% of its capital gain net income (i.e., capital gains in excess of capital losses), adjusted for certain ordinary losses, for the one-year period generally ending on October 31st of the calendar year and (iii) any net ordinary income and capital gain net income for preceding calendar years that were not distributed during such calendar years and on which the Company incurred no federal income tax. The Company may, at its discretion, incur a 4% nondeductible federal excise tax on under-distribution of taxable ordinary income and capital gains.
The Company follows ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). ASC 740 provides guidance for how uncertain tax positions should be recognized, measured, presented and disclosed in the financial statements. ASC 740 requires the evaluation of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing our tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold are recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. Penalties or interest, if applicable, that may be assessed relating to income taxes would be classified as other expenses in the statement of operations. Management’s determinations regarding ASC 740 may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based upon factors including, but not limited to, an on-going analysis of tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof.
SEC Disclosure Update and Simplification
In August 2020, the SEC issued Final Rule Release No. 33-10825 and No.34-89670, collectively referred to as 'Modernization of Regulation S-X Items 101, 103 and 105’. These rules amend certain SEC disclosure requirements to improve disclosure for investors and to simplify compliance for registrants, including new requirements for human capital disclosures and a summary of risk factors. The final rules are effective for all filings on or after November 9, 2020. The Company has evaluated the impact of the amendments and determined the effect of the adoption of the simplification rules on the financial statements would mostly affect the Form 10-K.
Note 3. Related Party Agreements and Transactions
The Company has entered into agreements with Guggenheim whereby the Company agrees to (i) receive expense support payments, (ii) reimburse certain expenses of, and to pay for, administrative, expense support, organization and offerings costs incurred by Guggenheim on the Company's behalf and (iii) compensate Guggenheim Funds Distributors, LLC ("GFD"), an affiliate of Guggenheim, for capital market services in connection with the marketing and distribution of the Company's Shares.
The memberships of the Company's Board of Trustees (the "Company's Board" or the "Board of Trustees") and the Master Fund's Board are identical and consequently the Company and the Master Fund are related parties. All of the Company's executive officers also serve as executive officers of the Master Fund. Two of the Company’s executive officers, Kevin Robinson, Senior Vice President, and Brian Binder, Senior Vice President, serve as executive officers of Guggenheim.
Administrative Services Agreement
The Company is party to an administrative services agreement with Guggenheim (the "Administrative Services Agreement") whereby Guggenheim, serving as the administrator (the "Administrator"), has agreed to provide administrative services, including office facilities and equipment and clerical, bookkeeping and record-keeping services. More specifically, the Administrator performs and oversees the Company's required administrative services, which include financial and corporate record-keeping, preparing and disseminating the Company's reports to its shareholders and filing reports with the SEC. In addition, the Administrator assists in determining net asset value, overseeing the preparation and filing of tax returns, overseeing the payment of expenses and distributions and overseeing the performance of administrative and professional services rendered by others. For providing these services, facilities and personnel, the Company reimburses the Administrator the allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations under the Administrative Services Agreement. To the extent that the Administrator outsources any of its functions, the Company may pay the fees associated with such functions on a direct basis, without incremental profit to the Administrator.
7


Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)
The Administrative Services Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty: (i) by the Company upon 60 days' written notice to Guggenheim upon the vote of the Company's independent trustees or (ii) by Guggenheim upon not less than 120 days' written notice to the Company. Unless earlier terminated, the Administrative Services Agreement will remain in effect for two years, and thereafter shall continue automatically for successive one-year periods if approved annually by a majority of the Board of Trustees and the Master Fund's independent trustees.
Dealer Manager Agreement
The Company is party to a dealer manager agreement with GFD (the "Dealer Manager Agreement"). Under the terms of the Dealer Manager Agreement, GFD is to act on a best efforts basis as the exclusive dealer manager for (i) the Company's Public Offering and (ii) the public offering of common shares for future feeder funds affiliated with the Master Fund. The Company, not the Master Fund, is responsible for the compensation of GFD pursuant to the terms of the Dealer Manager Agreement. The Dealer Manager Agreement may be terminated by the Company or GFD upon 60 calendar days' written notice to the other party. In the event that the Company or GFD terminates the Dealer Manager Agreement with respect to the Company, the Dealer Manager Agreement will continue with respect to any other feeder fund.
Organization and Offering Expense Reimbursement Agreement
The Company is party to an organization and offering expense reimbursement agreement (the "O&O Agreement") with Guggenheim. Under the O&O Agreement, the Company is to reimburse Guggenheim for organization and offering expenses incurred on the Company's behalf, including, but not limited to, legal services, audit services, printer services and the registration of securities under the Securities Act. The reimbursement of organization and offering expenses is conditional on the Company's receipt of equity capital from the sale of its Common Shares. Any such reimbursement would not exceed actual expenses incurred by Guggenheim and its affiliates. Guggenheim is responsible for the payment of the Company's cumulative organization and offering expenses to the extent they exceeded 1.5% of the aggregate proceeds from the sale of the Company's Common Shares, without recourse against or reimbursement by the Company.
Any offering costs incurred by Guggenheim on behalf of the Company associated with the Public Offering are subject to reimbursement under the terms and conditions of the O&O Agreement. As of September 30, 2020, Guggenheim had incurred offering costs associated with the Public Offering of approximately $0.1 million. The O&O Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by the Company or Guggenheim, with or without notice.
Expense Support and Conditional Reimbursement Agreement
The Company entered into an expense support and conditional reimbursement agreement with Guggenheim on August 17, 2020, (the "Expense Support Agreement"). According to the terms of the Expense Support Agreement, Guggenheim agreed to reimburse the Company for expenses in an amount that is sufficient to ensure that no portion of the Company's distributions to shareholders will be paid from Common Share offering proceeds. Guggenheim agreed to reimburse the Company monthly for expenses in an amount equal to the difference between the Company's cumulative distributions paid to its shareholders in each month less the sum of the Company's estimated investment company taxable income and net capital gains in each month.
Pursuant to the Expense Support Agreement, the Company has a conditional obligation to reimburse Guggenheim for any amounts funded by Guggenheim under this arrangement during any month occurring within three years of the date on which Guggenheim funded such amount, the sum of the Company's estimated investment company taxable income and net capital gains exceeds the ordinary cash distributions paid by the Company to its shareholders; provided, however, that (i) the Company will only reimburse Guggenheim for expense payments made by Guggenheim to the extent that the payment of such reimbursement (together with any other reimbursement paid during such fiscal year) does not cause "other operating expenses" (as defined below) (on an annualized basis and net of any expense support reimbursement payments received by the Company during such fiscal year) to exceed the lesser of (A) 1.75% of the Company's average net assets attributable to its Common Shares for the fiscal year-to-date period after taking such reimbursement payments into account and (B) the percentage of the Company's average net assets attributable to its Common Shares represented by "other operating expenses" during the fiscal year in which such expense payment from the Advisor was made (provided, however, that this clause (B) will not apply to any reimbursement payment which relates to an expense payment from Guggenheim made during the same fiscal year); and (ii) the Company will not reimburse Guggenheim for expense payments made by Guggenheim if the annualized rate of regular cash distributions declared by the Company at the time of such reimbursement payment is less than the annualized rate of regular cash distributions declared by the Company at the time Guggenheim made the expense payment to which such reimbursement
8


Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)
payment relates. "Other operating expenses" means the Company's total "operating expenses" (as defined below), excluding any investment advisory fee, performance-based incentive fees, organization and offering expenses, interest expense, brokerage commissions and extraordinary expenses. "Operating expenses" means all operating costs and expenses incurred, as determined in accordance with GAAP for investment companies.
The Company or Guggenheim may terminate the Expense Support Agreement at any time. The Expense Support Agreement will automatically terminate if (i) the Master Fund terminates the Investment Advisory Agreement with Guggenheim, or (ii) the Company's Board makes a determination to dissolve or liquidate the Company.
The specific amount of Guggenheim's expense payment obligation is determined at the end of each month. Upon termination of the Expense Support Agreement by Guggenheim, it is required to fund any amounts accrued thereunder as of the date of termination. Similarly, the conditional obligation of the Company to reimburse Guggenheim pursuant to the terms of the Expense Support Agreement shall survive the termination of the Expense Support Agreement by either party. There can be no assurance that the Expense Support Agreement will remain in effect or that Guggenheim will reimburse any portion of the Company's expenses in future months.
Indemnification
The Administrative Services Agreement provides certain indemnification to Guggenheim, its directors, officers, persons associated with Guggenheim and its affiliates. In addition, the Company's Declaration of Trust, as amended, provides certain indemnifications to its officers, trustees, agents and certain other persons. The Dealer Manager Agreement provides for certain indemnifications from the Company (with respect to the primary offering of its Common Shares) to GFD, any selected dealers and their respective officers, directors, employees, members, affiliates, agents, representatives and, if any, each person who controls such person or entity within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act. Such indemnifications are subject to certain limitations as provided for in the Company’s Declaration of Trust and the North American Securities Administrators Association Guidelines and are considered customary by management. As of September 30, 2020, management believes that the risk of incurring any losses for such indemnification is remote.
Note 4. Subsequent Events
Management has evaluated subsequent events through the date of issuance of these financial statements and has determined that there are no subsequent events outside the ordinary scope of business that require adjustment to, or disclosure in, the financial statements except for the one below.
To facilitate the orderly liquidation of Guggenheim Credit Income Fund 2016T (the “GCIF 2016T”), one of the Master Fund's feeder funds, and in light of the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Board of Trustees of GCIF 2016T, as permitted by the terms of the offering, has approved extending GCIF 2016T's liquidity event date recommendation deadline to on or before December 31, 2022.

9



Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The information contained in this item should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Report. Unless otherwise noted, the terms "we," "us," "our" and the "Company" refer to Guggenheim Credit Income Fund 2021. The Term "Master Fund" refers to Guggenheim Credit Income Fund. Capitalized terms used in this Item 2 have the same meaning as in the accompanying financial statements presented in Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited), unless otherwise defined herein.
Overview
We are a feeder fund and we are affiliated with the Master Fund, which is a specialty finance investment company that has elected to be treated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. The Master Fund is externally managed by Guggenheim, which is responsible for sourcing potential investments, conducting due diligence on prospective investments, analyzing investment opportunities, structuring investments, determining the securities and other assets that we will purchase, retain or sell and monitoring the Master Fund's portfolio on an ongoing basis. The Master Fund's management discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations as presented in its quarterly report should be read in its entirety.
Revenue
We will generate revenues primarily in the form of dividend income derived from our ownership of the Master Fund's common shares. Our revenues will fluctuate with the operating performance of the Master Fund and its distributions paid to us.
Operating Expenses
Our primary operating expenses may include administrative services, related party reimbursements, custodian and accounting services, independent audit services, compliance services, tax services, legal services, transfer agent services, organization expenses and offering expenses. Additionally, we will indirectly bear the operating expenses of the Master Fund through our ownership of its common shares, such as an investment advisory fee, a performance-based incentive fee, independent audit services, third-party valuation services and various other professional services fees.
Results of Operations

Operating Expenses
We have not yet commenced investment operations and therefore there are no comparative prior periods. Operating expenses consisted of the following major components for the period from effective date of registration to September 30, 2020:
Period ended
September 30, 2020
Professional services fees$5,500 
     Total operating expenses5,500 
Less: Expense support from a related party(5,500)
Net expenses$— 
The operating expenses presented above do not represent our normalized operations since we expect our operating expenses to increase when we commence the issuance of Common Shares, raise equity capital and commence investment operations.
Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary sources of cash may include (i) the sale of our Common Shares, (ii) our shareholders' reinvestment of their distributions, (iii) distributions, including capital gains, if any, received from our ownership of the Master Fund's common shares, (iv) expense support payments pursuant to the Expense Support Agreement and (v) the sale of our owned Master Fund shares in conjunction with its share repurchase program. Our primary uses of cash include (i) investment in the Master Fund's common shares, (ii) payment of operating expenses, (iii) cash distributions to our shareholders, (iv) periodic repurchases of our Common Shares pursuant to our share repurchase program and (v) reimbursement payments for prior period expense support payments. We are not permitted to issue any senior securities, including preferred securities.
As of September 30, 2020, our only source of cash is expense support from Guggenheim and our only use of cash is the payment of operating expenses.
10



We intend to manage our assets and liabilities such that current assets are sufficient to cover current liabilities. All remaining cash in excess of net working capital is intended to be invested in the Master Fund's common shares.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2020.
Critical Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income, expense, gain and loss during the reporting period. We believe that the estimates and assumptions utilized in preparing the financial statements are reasonable. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies.
Valuation of Investments
We intend to invest substantially all of our equity capital in the purchase of the Master Fund's common shares. As such, we will determine the fair value of our investment in the Master Fund as the Master Fund's net asset value per common share (as determined by the Master Fund) multiplied by the number of Master Fund common shares that we own.
Contractual Obligations    
Commitments
We have not entered into any agreements under which we have material future commitments that cannot otherwise be terminated within a reasonable time period.
Related Party Agreements and Transactions
Expense Support and Conditional Reimbursement Agreement
We have entered into agreements with Guggenheim whereby we agreed to (i) receive expense support payments and to conditionally reimburse it for prior period expense support payments, (ii) pay for administrative services and (iii) compensate Guggenheim Funds Distributors, LLC ("GFD"), an affiliate of Guggenheim, for capital market services in connection with the marketing and distribution of our Shares. See Note 3. Related Party Agreements and Transactions for a discussion of related party transactions and expense reimbursement agreements.
Reimbursement of Guggenheim for Organization and Offering Expenses
Under the terms of the O&O Agreement, we agreed to reimburse Guggenheim for our organization and offering expenses solely in connection with the capital raise of our Public Offering (See Note 3. Related Party Agreements and Transactions).
Reimbursement of the Administrator for Administrative Services
We reimburse the Administrator for its expenses in connection with the provision of administrative services to us. These reimbursement expenses are periodically reviewed and approved by the Independent Trustees Committee of our Board. See Note 3. Related Party Agreements and Transactions for a summary of reimbursable expenses as related to administrative services.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
None.
11



Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures include internal controls and other procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in this and other reports filed under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the required time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. It should be noted that no system of controls can provide complete assurance of achieving a company’s objectives and that future events may impact the effectiveness of a system of controls.
Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, after conducting an evaluation, together with members of our management, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2020, have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act, were effective as of September 30, 2020 at a reasonable level of assurance.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the period, there was no change in our internal controls over financial reporting, as defined under Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
PART II
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
As of November 10, 2020, we were not subject to any material legal proceedings, and, to our knowledge, there were no material legal proceedings threatened against us.
From time to time, we, or our administrator, may be a party to certain legal proceedings in the ordinary course of, or incidental to the normal course of, our business, including legal proceedings related to the enforcement of our rights under contracts with our portfolio companies. While legal proceedings, lawsuits, claims and regulatory proceedings are subject to many uncertainties and their ultimate outcomes are not predictable with assurance, the results of these proceedings are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends could be materially adversely affected by various risks and uncertainties, including those enumerated below. These risk factors may have affected, and in the future could affect, our actual operating and financial results and could cause such results to differ materially from those in any forward-looking statements. You should not consider this list of risk factors to be exhaustive. New risk factors emerge periodically, and we cannot assure you that the factors described below list all risks that may become material to us at any later time. The list of risk factors presented below pertain to us, or the Master Fund, or both us and the Master Fund.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives depends on the Advisor’s ability to manage and support our investment process. If the Advisor were to lose a significant number of its key professionals, or terminate the Investment Advisory Agreement, our ability to achieve our investment objectives could be significantly harmed.
We do not have employees. Additionally, we have no internal management capacity other than our appointed executive officers and are dependent upon the investment expertise, skill and network of business contacts of our Advisor to achieve our investment objectives. Our Advisor evaluates, negotiates, structures, executes, monitors and services our investments. Our success will depend to a significant extent on the continued service and coordination of our Advisor, including its key professionals. The departure of a significant number of key professionals from Guggenheim could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives also depends on the ability of our Advisor to identify, analyze, invest in, finance and monitor companies that meet our investment criteria. Our Advisor’s capabilities in structuring the investment process, providing competent, attentive and efficient services to us, and facilitating access to financing on acceptable terms depend on the involvement of investment professionals in an adequate number and of adequate sophistication to match the corresponding flow of transactions. To achieve our
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investment objectives, our Advisor may need to retain, hire, train, supervise and manage new investment professionals to participate in our investment selection and monitoring process. Our Advisor may not be able to find qualified investment professionals in a timely manner or at all. Any failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, the Investment Advisory Agreement has termination provisions that allow the agreement to be terminated by the Master Fund upon 60 days’ notice if the Master Fund's Board of Trustees or holders of a majority of the Master Fund's outstanding common shares so direct. The Investment Advisory Agreement may be terminated at any time, without penalty, by Guggenheim upon 120 days’ notice to the Master Fund. The termination of the Investment Advisory Agreement may adversely affect the quality of our investment opportunities and it may be difficult for the Master Fund to replace Guggenheim.
Because our business model depends to a significant extent upon relationships with corporations, financial institutions and investment firms, the inability of the Advisor to maintain or develop these relationships, or the failure of these relationships to generate investment opportunities, could adversely affect our business.
We expect that Guggenheim will depend on its relationships with corporations, financial institutions and investment firms, and we rely indirectly to a significant extent upon these relationships to provide us with potential investment opportunities. If Guggenheim fails to maintain its existing relationships, or develop new relationships or sources of investment opportunities, we may not be able to grow our investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom Guggenheim has relationships are not obligated to provide us with investment opportunities, and, therefore, there is no assurance that such relationships will generate investment opportunities for us.
We may face increasing competition for investment opportunities, which could delay further deployment of our capital, reduce returns and result in losses.
We may compete for investments with other BDCs and investment funds (including registered investment companies, private equity funds and private credit funds), as well as traditional financial services companies such as commercial banks and other sources of funding. Moreover, alternative investment vehicles, such as hedge funds, continue to increase their investment focus in our target market of privately-owned U.S. companies. Moreover, we have experienced, and may continue to experience, increased competition from banks and investment vehicles who may continue to lend to the middle market, including lending activity in our target market of privately-owned U.S. companies. Additionally, the Federal Reserve and other bank regulators may periodically provide incentives to U.S. commercial banks to originate more loans in the middle market for private companies. As a result of these new entrants and regulatory incentives, competition for investment opportunities in privately-owned U.S. companies may intensify. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments than we have. These characteristics could allow our competitors to consider a wider variety of investments, establish more relationships, and offer better pricing and more flexible structuring than we are able to do.
We may lose investment opportunities if we do not match our competitors’ pricing, terms and investment structure criteria. If we are forced to match these competitors’ investment terms criteria, we may not be able to achieve acceptable returns on our investments or may bear substantial risk of capital loss. A significant increase in the number and/or the size of our competitors in this target market could force us to accept less attractive investment terms. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on us as a BDC or the source of income, asset diversification and distribution requirements we must satisfy to maintain our regulated investment company ("RIC" or "RICs") status under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). The competitive pressures we face, and the manner in which we react or adjust to these competitive pressures, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, effective yield on investments, investment returns, leverage ratio and cash flows. As a result of this competition, we may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities from time to time. Also, we may not be able to identify and make investments that are consistent with our investment objectives.
The amount of any distributions we may make is uncertain. We may not be able to pay distributions or be able to sustain distributions at any particular level, and our distributions per share may not grow over time or may decline. We have not established any limit on the extent to which we may use borrowings, if any, or offering proceeds to fund distributions (which may reduce the amount of capital we ultimately invest in portfolio companies).
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Subject to our Board of Trustees’ discretion and applicable legal restrictions, we intend to authorize and declare ordinary cash distributions on a weekly, semi-monthly or monthly basis and intend to pay such distributions on a monthly basis. We expect to pay distributions out of assets legally available for distribution based on our investment performance. However, we cannot assure you that we will achieve investment results that will allow us to make a consistent targeted level of cash distributions or year-to-year increases in cash distributions. Our ability to pay distributions might be adversely affected by the impact of the risks described in this Report. In addition, the inability to satisfy the asset coverage test applicable to us as a BDC can limit our ability to pay distributions. Distributions from offering proceeds or from borrowings could also reduce the amount of capital we ultimately invest in interests of portfolio companies. We cannot assure you that we will pay distributions to our shareholders in the future.
Our distributions to shareholders may be funded from waivers of investment advisory fees, or expense reimbursements, that are subject to repayment pursuant to our expense reimbursement agreement.
We expect that for a period of time following commencement of this offering, which time period may be significant, substantial portions of our distributions will be funded through the reimbursement of certain expenses by the Advisor, that are subject to repayment by us within three years or waivers of investment advisory fees otherwise imposed by the Advisor. Any such distributions funded through expense reimbursements or waivers will not be based on our investment performance, and can only be sustained if we achieve positive investment performance in future periods and/or the Advisor continues to make such reimbursements of certain expenses or waives such fees. Our future repayments of amounts reimbursed by the Advisor will reduce the distributions that shareholders would otherwise receive in the future. There can be no assurance that we will achieve the performance necessary to be able to pay distributions at a specific rate or at all. The Advisor has no obligation to reimburse expenses in future periods.
Our distributions may exceed our taxable earnings and profits, particularly during the period before we have substantially invested the net proceeds from our securities offering. Therefore, portions of the distributions that we pay may represent a return of capital to you, which will lower your tax basis in your Shares, which may cause you to experience increases in capital gains in subsequent sales of your Shares, and reduce the amount of funds we have for investment in portfolio companies.
In the event that we encounter delays in locating suitable investment opportunities, we may pay our distributions from offering proceeds or from borrowings in anticipation of future cash flow, which may constitute a return of your capital net of sales load and fund expenses previously paid and will lower your tax basis in your Shares, which may cause you to experience increases in capital gains in subsequent sales of your Shares. Distributions from offering proceeds or from borrowings also could reduce the amount of capital we ultimately have available to invest in interests of portfolio companies.
A significant portion of our investment portfolio will be recorded at fair value as determined in good faith in accordance with procedures established by our Board of Trustees and, as a result, there is and will be uncertainty as to the value of our portfolio investments.
As a BDC, we are required to carry our portfolio investments at market value or, if there is no readily available market value, at fair value as determined in accordance with procedures established by our Board of Trustees. There is not a public market or active secondary market for many of the securities of the privately-held companies in which we intend to invest. The majority of our investments may not be publicly traded or actively traded on a secondary market but, instead, may be traded on a privately-negotiated, over-the-counter secondary market for institutional investors, if at all. As a result, we will value a significant portion of these securities at fair value as determined in good faith in accordance with procedures established by our Board of Trustees.
The determination of fair value, and thus the amount of unrealized gains or losses we may recognize in any year, is to a degree subjective, and our Advisor has a conflict of interest in making recommendations of fair value. We will value these securities at fair value as determined in good faith in accordance with procedures established by our Board of Trustees and based on input from our Advisor and our Audit Committee. Our Board of Trustees may utilize the services of independent third-party valuation firms to aid it in determining the fair value of any securities and generally expects to do so with respect to Level 3 assets on a quarterly basis. The types of factors that may be considered in determining the fair values of our investments include the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company’s ability to make payments and its earnings, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, comparison to publicly-traded companies, discounted cash flow, current market interest rates and other relevant factors. Because such valuations, and particularly valuations of private securities and private companies, are inherently uncertain, the valuations may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time due to changes in current market conditions. The determinations of fair value in accordance with procedures established by our Board of Trustees may differ materially from the values that would have been used if an active
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market and market quotations existed for these investments. Our net asset value could be adversely affected if the determinations regarding the fair value of our investments were materially higher than the values that we ultimately realize upon the disposal of such investments.
We are dependent on information systems and systems failures could significantly disrupt our business, which may, in turn, negatively affect our liquidity, financial condition or results of operations.
Our business is dependent on our third parties’ communications and information systems. Any failure or interruption of those systems, including as a result of the termination of an agreement with any third-party service providers, could cause delays or other problems in our activities. Our financial, accounting, data processing, backup or other operating systems and facilities may fail to operate properly or become disabled or damaged as a result of a number of factors including events that are wholly or partially beyond our control. There could be:
sudden electrical or telecommunications outages;
natural disasters such as earthquakes, tornadoes and hurricanes;
disease pandemics;
events arising from local or larger scale political or social matters, including terrorist acts; and
cyber-attacks.
These events, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and negatively affect the net asset value of our Shares and our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders.
Cybersecurity risks and cyber incidents may adversely affect our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information and/or damage to our business relationships, all of which could negatively impact our business, results of operations or financial condition.
A cyber incident is considered to be any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity or availability of our information resources. These incidents may be an intentional attack or an unintentional event and could involve gaining unauthorized access to our information systems for purposes of misappropriating assets, stealing confidential information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption. The result of these incidents may include disrupted operations, misstated or unreliable financial data, liability for stolen information, misappropriation of assets, increased cybersecurity protection and insurance costs, litigation and damage to our business relationships. Any such attack could result in significant losses, reputational damage, litigation, regulatory fines or penalties, or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures and to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures arising from operational and security risks. We face risks posed to our information systems, both internal and those provided to us by third-party service providers. We, Guggenheim and its affiliates have implemented processes, procedures and internal controls to help mitigate cybersecurity risks and cyber intrusions, but these measures, as well as our increased awareness of the nature and extent of a risk of a cyber incident, may be ineffective and do not guarantee that a cyber incident will not occur or that our financial results, operations or confidential information will not be negatively impacted by such an incident.
Third parties with which we do business (including those that provide services to us) may also be sources or targets of cybersecurity or other technological risks. We outsource certain functions and these relationships allow for the storage and processing of our information and assets, as well as certain investor, counterparty, employee and borrower information. While we engage in actions to reduce our exposure resulting from outsourcing, ongoing threats may result in unauthorized access, loss, exposure or destruction of data, or other cybersecurity incidents, with increased costs and other consequences, including those described above. Privacy and information security laws and regulation changes, and compliance with those changes, may also result in cost increases due to system changes and the development of new administrative processes. The Company and its service providers are currently impacted by quarantines and similar measures being enacted by governments in response to COVID-19, which are obstructing the regular functioning of business workforces (including requiring employees to work from external locations and their homes). Accordingly, the risks described above are heightened under current conditions.
Any unrealized losses we experience on our portfolio may be an indication of future realized losses, which could reduce our income available for distribution.
As a BDC, we are required to carry our investments at market value or, if no market value is ascertainable, at the fair value as determined in good faith in accordance with procedures established by our Board of Trustees. Decreases in the market values or fair values of our investments relative to amortized cost will be recorded as
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unrealized depreciation. Any unrealized losses in our loan portfolio could be an indication of a portfolio company’s inability to meet its repayment obligations to us with respect to the affected loans. This could result in realized losses in the future and ultimately in reductions of our income available for distribution in future periods. In addition, decreases in the market value or fair value of our investments will reduce our net asset value.
We are exposed to risks resulting from the current low interest rate environment.
Since we will borrow money to make investments, our net investment income depends, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest those funds. The current historically low interest rate environment can, depending on our cost of capital, depress our net investment income, even though the terms of our investments generally will include a minimum interest rate. In addition, any reduction in the level of interest rates on new investments relative to interest rates on our current investments could adversely impact our net investment income, reducing our ability to service the interest obligations on, and to repay the principal of, our indebtedness, as well as our capacity to pay distributions. Any such developments would result in a decline in our net asset value and in net asset value per share. Not all investments perform alike under different interest rate scenarios. Generally, our variable interest rate debt investments provide for interest payments based on either one- month LIBOR or three-month LIBOR (the base interest rate) and typically, every month or every three months, the base interest rates are reset to then prevailing one-month LIBOR or three-month LIBOR, respectively. In July 2017, the head of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority announced the desire to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial institutions, is considering replacing U.S. dollar LIBOR with a new index calculated by short-term repurchase agreements backed by Treasury securities. A transition from LIBOR to an alternative reference rate is complex and could have a range of adverse impacts on our investment program, financial condition and operating results. Among other negative consequences, this transition could:
Adversely impact the pricing, liquidity, value of, return on and trading for a broad array of financial products, including any LIBOR-linked securities, loan and/or derivatives in which we may invest;
Require extensive negotiations of and/or amendments to agreements and other documentation governing LIBOR-linked investment products;
Lead to disputes, litigation or other actions with counterparties or portfolio companies regarding the interpretation and enforceability of "fall back" provisions that provide for an alternative reference rate in the event of LIBOR's unavailability; and/or
Cause us to incur additional costs in connection with the above.
We may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the current period of historically low rates. Increases in interest rates may cause the value of our investments to decline and this decrease in value may not be offset by higher income from new investments. A general rise in interest rates may cause investors to move out of fixed-income securities on a large scale, which could adversely affect the price and liquidity of fixed-income securities.
Our Board of Trustees may change our operating policies and strategies without prior notice or shareholder approval, the effects of which may be adverse to our shareholders.
Our Board of Trustees has the authority to modify or waive our current operating policies, investment criteria and strategies without prior notice and without shareholder approval. We cannot predict the effect any changes to our current operating policies, investment criteria and strategies would have on our business, net asset value, operating results and the value of our Shares. However, the effects might be adverse, which could negatively impact our ability to pay you distributions and cause you to lose all or part of your investment. Moreover, we will have significant flexibility in investing the net proceeds of this offering and may use the net proceeds from this offering in ways that our investors may not agree with.
Certain investment analysis and decisions by the Advisor may be undertaken with limited information.
Given the nature of our investments, the same level of information that would exist for a publicly-traded company may not be available to the Advisor. Therefore, at times, the Advisor may be forced to make investment decisions with limited information regarding factors that may adversely affect an investment.
Changes in laws or regulations governing our operations may adversely affect our business or cause us to alter our business strategy.
We and our portfolio companies are subject to regulation at the local, state and federal levels. Changes to the laws and regulations governing our permitted investments may require a change to our investment strategy.
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Most recently, the current federal administration has called for significant changes in U.S. trade, healthcare, individual and corporate taxation, immigration, foreign and government regulatory policies. In this regard, there is significant uncertainty with respect to legislation, regulation and government policies at the federal level, as well as at the state and local government levels. Such changes could differ materially from our strategies and plans as set forth in this Report and may shift our investment focus from the areas of expertise of our Advisor. Thus, any such changes, if they occur, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.
We may experience fluctuations in our quarterly results.
We could experience fluctuations in our quarterly operating results due to a number of factors, including our ability or inability to make investments in companies that meet our investment criteria, the interest rate payable and default rates on the debt securities we acquire, the level of our expenses, variations in and the timing of the recognition of realized and unrealized gains or losses, the degree to which we encounter competition in our markets and general economic conditions. These occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, the value of your investment in us and our ability to pay distributions to you and our other shareholders.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR INVESTMENTS
We are a non-diversified investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act and therefore we are not limited with respect to the proportion of our assets that may be invested in securities of a single issuer.
We are classified as a non-diversified investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act, which means that we are not limited by the 1940 Act with respect to the proportion of our assets that we may invest in securities of a single issuer. To the extent that we hold large positions in the securities of a small number of issuers, or within a particular industry, our net asset value may fluctuate to a greater extent than that of a diversified investment company as a result of changes in the issuer’s financial condition or the market’s assessment of the issuer. We may also be more susceptible to any single economic or regulatory occurrence than a diversified investment company. However, we will be subject to the diversification requirements applicable to RICs under Subchapter M of the Code.
Global capital markets could enter a period of severe disruption and instability. These conditions have historically affected and could again materially and adversely affect debt and equity capital markets in the United States and around the world and could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Market and macro-economic disruptions may, in the future, affect the U.S. capital markets, which could adversely affect our business and that of our portfolio companies. These market disruptions may also affect the broader financial and credit markets and may reduce the availability of debt and equity capital for the market as a whole and to financial firms, in particular. At various times, these macro-disruptions have resulted in, and may in the future result in, a lack of liquidity in parts of the debt capital markets, significant write-offs in the financial services sector and the repricing of credit risk. These conditions may reoccur for a prolonged period of time again or materially worsen in the future, including as a result of further downgrades to the U.S. government’s sovereign credit rating or the perceived credit worthiness of the United States or other large global economies. Unfavorable macro-economic conditions, including future recessions, also could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. We may in the future have difficulty accessing debt and equity capital on attractive terms, or at all, and a severe disruption and instability in the global financial markets or deteriorations in credit and financing conditions may cause us to reduce the volume of loans we originate and/or fund, adversely affect the value of our portfolio investments or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. There has been ongoing discussion and commentary regarding potential significant changes to U.S. trade policies, treaties and tariffs. The current U.S. presidential administration, along with the U.S. Congress, has created significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United States and other countries with respect to trade policies, treaties and tariffs. These developments, or the perception that any of them could occur, may have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and may significantly reduce global trade and, in particular, trade between the impacted nations and the United States. The spread of an epidemic or pandemic and efforts to contain it may result in severe disruptions to financial markets, supply chains, availability of raw materials, goods, and services. For example, the outbreak of COVID-19 is causing materially reduced consumer demand and economic output, disrupting supply chains, resulting in market closures, travel restrictions and quarantines, and adversely impacting local and global economies. As with other serious economic disruptions, governmental authorities and regulators are responding to this crisis with significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, including by providing direct capital infusions into companies, introducing new
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monetary programs and considerably lowering interest rates, which, in some cases resulted in negative interest rates. These actions, including their possible unexpected or sudden reversal or potential ineffectiveness, could further increase volatility in securities and other financial markets, reduce market liquidity, heighten investor uncertainty and adversely affect the value of our investments and our overall performance. In addition, uncertainty arising from the United Kingdom's decision to leave the European Union ("Brexit") could lead to further market disruptions and currency volatility, potentially weakening consumer, corporate and financial confidence and resulting in lower economic growth for companies that rely significantly on Europe for their business activities and revenues. Any of these factors could depress economic activity and restrict our portfolio companies' access to suppliers or customers and have a material adverse effect on their business, financial condition and results of operations, which in turn would negatively impact us.
Our investments in portfolio companies may be risky and we could lose all or part of our investment.
We intend to pursue a strategy focused on investing primarily in the debt of privately-owned U.S. companies, with a focus on originated transactions sourced through the networks of our Advisor. The following are risks associated with our investments:
Senior Secured Loans, Senior Unsecured Loans and Second Lien Loans. Senior loans hold the most senior position in the capital structure of a business entity, and are typically secured with specific collateral. When we invest in senior secured term loans and second lien loans, we generally seek to take a security interest in the available assets of these portfolio companies, including the equity interests of their subsidiaries. We expect this security interest to help mitigate the risk that we will not be repaid. However, there is a risk that the collateral securing our loans may decrease in value over time or lose its entire value, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise, and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the portfolio company to raise additional capital. Also, in some circumstances, with respect to our second lien loans, our security interest could be subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, deterioration in a portfolio company’s financial condition and prospects, including its inability to raise additional capital, may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of the collateral for the loan. Consequently, the fact that a loan is secured does not guarantee that we will receive principal and interest payments according to the loan’s terms, or at all, or that we will be able to collect on the loan should we be forced to enforce our remedies.
Senior unsecured loans are structured as loans that are not subordinate in right of payment to any other     debt incurred by the borrower under such loan, but are not secured with any collateral that could help ensure repayment of the loan. In the event of non-payment by a borrower of a senior unsecured loan, the lender may be unable to collect the unpaid balance because there is no specific collateral on which the lender can foreclose. In particular, if there are also any outstanding secured loans, the lender of such loans may be able to foreclose on the collateral securing such loans, and such proceeds may be applied towards the repayment of such secured loans before any remaining proceeds may be applied towards repayment of senior unsecured loans. Consequently, senior unsecured loans may be subject to a greater risk of non-payment in the event of default than secured loans, particularly during periods of deteriorating economic conditions.
Subordinated Debt. Our subordinated, or mezzanine, debt investments will rank junior in priority of payment to senior loans and will generally be unsecured. These characteristics may result in a heightened level of risk and volatility or a loss of principal, which could lead to the loss of the entire investment. These investments may involve additional risks that could adversely affect our investment returns. To the extent interest payments associated with such debt are deferred, such debt may be subject to greater fluctuations in valuations, and such debt could subject us and our shareholders to non-cash income, including payment-in-kind ("PIK") interest, which represents contractual interest added to the loan balance and due at the end of the loan term, and original issue discount ("OID"). Loans structured with these features may represent a higher level of credit risk than loans that require interest to be paid in cash at regular intervals during the term of the loan. Since we generally will not receive any principal repayments prior to the maturity of some of our subordinated debt investments, such investments will have greater risk than amortizing loans.
Structured Products. We may also invest, to a limited extent, in structured products, which may include CDOs, CLOs, structured notes and credit-linked notes. These investment entities may be structured as trusts or other types of pooled investment vehicles. They may also involve the deposit with or purchase by an entity of the underlying investments and the issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying investments or referencing an indicator related to
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such investments. CDOs and CLOs are types of asset-backed securities issued by special purpose vehicles created to reapportion the risk and return characteristics of a pool of assets. The underlying pool for a CLO, for example, may include domestic and foreign senior loans, senior unsecured loans and subordinate corporate loans. Generally, these are not qualified as eligible portfolio companies (“EPCs”). Investments in the equity tranche or any similarly situated tranche of a structured product involve a greater degree of risk than investments in other tranches, and such investments will be the first to bear losses incurred by a structured product.
Equity Investments. We expect to make selected equity investments in the common or preferred stock of a company. In addition, when we invest in senior and subordinated debt, we may acquire warrants or options to purchase equity securities or benefit from other types of equity participation. Our goal is ultimately to dispose of these equity interests and realize gains upon our disposition of such interests. However, the equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience.
Investments in Private Investment Funds. We may invest in private investment funds, including hedge funds, private equity funds, limited liability companies and other business entities. In valuing our investments in private investment funds, we rely primarily on information provided by managers of such funds. Valuations of illiquid securities, such as interests in certain private investment funds, involve various judgments and consideration of factors that may be subjective. There is a risk that inaccurate valuations provided by managers of private investment funds could adversely affect the value of our Shares. We may not be able to withdraw our investment in certain private investment funds promptly after we have made a decision to do so, which may result in a loss to us and adversely affect our investment returns.
Derivatives. We may invest in derivative investments, which have risks, including: the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying assets of the Company, which creates the possibility that the loss on such instruments may be greater than the gain in the value of the underlying assets in our portfolio; the loss of principal; the possible default of the other party to the transaction; and illiquidity of the derivative investments. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, we may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding, or may not recover at all. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of a counterparty to a derivative transaction, the derivative contract would typically be terminated at its fair value. If we are owed this fair value in the termination of the derivative contract and its claim is unsecured, we will be treated as a general creditor of such counterparty and will not have any claim with respect to the underlying security. Certain of the derivative investments in which we may invest may, in certain circumstances, give rise to a form of financial leverage, which may magnify the risk of owning such instruments. The ability to successfully use derivative investments depends on the ability of the Advisor to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. In addition, amounts paid by us as premiums and cash or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to our derivative investments would not be available to us for other investment purposes, which may result in lost opportunities for gain.
Most debt securities in which we intend to invest will not be rated by any rating agency and, if they were rated, would be rated as below investment grade quality. Debt securities rated below investment grade quality (e.g., junk bonds) are generally regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics and may carry a greater risk with respect to a borrower’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal.
Our portfolio companies may incur debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, our investments in such companies.
We intend to pursue a strategy focused on investing primarily in the debt of privately-owned U.S. companies with a focus on originated transactions sourced through the networks of our Advisor. Our portfolio companies may have, or may be permitted to incur, other debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, the debt in which we invest. By their terms, such debt instruments may entitle the holders to receive payment of interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments with respect to the debt instruments in which we invest. Also, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a portfolio company, holders of debt instruments ranking senior to our investment in that portfolio company would typically be entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any distribution. After repaying such senior creditors, such portfolio company may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying its obligation to us. In the case of debt ranking equally with debt instruments in which we invest, we would have to share on an equal basis
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any distributions with other creditors holding such debt in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant portfolio company.
Subordinated liens on collateral securing debt investments that we will make to our portfolio companies may be subject to control by senior creditors with first priority liens. If there is a default, the value of the collateral may not be sufficient to repay both the first priority creditors and us in full.
Certain debt investments that we will make in portfolio companies will be secured on a second priority basis by the same collateral securing senior debt of such companies. The first priority liens on the collateral will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under any outstanding senior debt and may secure certain other future debt that may be permitted to be incurred by the portfolio company under the agreements governing the debt. The holders of obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral will generally control the liquidation of and be entitled to receive proceeds from any realization of the collateral to repay their obligations in full before us. In addition, the value of the collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from the sale or sales of all of the collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the debt obligations secured by the second priority liens after payment in full of all obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral. If such proceeds are not sufficient to repay amounts outstanding under the debt obligations secured by the second priority liens, then we, to the extent not repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the collateral, will only have an unsecured claim against the portfolio company’s remaining assets, if any.
We may also make unsecured debt investments in portfolio companies, meaning that such investments will not benefit from any interest in collateral of such companies. Liens on such portfolio companies’ collateral, if any, will secure the portfolio companies’ obligations under its outstanding secured debt and may secure certain future debt that is permitted to be incurred by the portfolio company under its secured debt agreements. The holders of obligations secured by such liens will generally control the liquidation of, and be entitled to receive proceeds from, any realization of such collateral to repay their obligations in full before us. In addition, the value of such collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from sales of such collateral would be sufficient to satisfy our unsecured debt obligations after payment in full of all secured debt obligations. If such proceeds were not sufficient to repay the outstanding secured debt obligations, then our unsecured claims would rank equally with the unpaid portion of such secured creditors’ claims against the portfolio company’s remaining assets, if any.
The rights we may have with respect to the collateral securing the debt investments we make in our portfolio companies with senior debt outstanding may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more inter-creditor agreements that we enter into with the holders of senior debt. Under such an inter-creditor agreement, at any time that obligations having the benefit of the first priority liens are outstanding, any of the following actions that may be taken in respect of the collateral will be at the direction of the holders of the obligations secured by the first priority liens: the ability to cause the commencement of enforcement proceedings against the collateral, the ability to control the conduct of such proceedings, the approval of amendments to collateral documents, releases of liens on the collateral and waivers of past defaults under collateral documents. We may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if our rights are adversely affected.
There may be circumstances where our debt investments could be subordinated to claims of other creditors or we could be subject to lender liability claims.
Although we intend to generally structure certain of our investments as senior debt, if one of our portfolio companies were to file for bankruptcy proceedings, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which we provided managerial assistance to that portfolio company or a representative of us or the Advisor sat on the board of trustees of such portfolio company, a bankruptcy court might re-characterize our debt investment and subordinate all or a portion of our claim to that of other creditors.
In addition, a number of U.S. judicial decisions have upheld judgments obtained by borrowers against lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories, collectively termed “lender liability.” Generally, lender liability is founded on the premise that a lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith, commercial reasonableness and fair dealing, or a similar duty owed to the borrower, or has assumed an excessive degree of control over the borrower, resulting in the creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. Because of the nature of our investments in portfolio companies (including that, as a BDC, we may be required to provide managerial assistance to those portfolio companies), we may be subject to allegations of lender liability.
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We generally will not control the business operations of our portfolio companies and, due to the illiquid nature of our holdings in our portfolio companies, may not be able to dispose of our interest in our portfolio companies.
We do not expect to control most of our portfolio companies, although we may have board representation or board observation rights, and our debt agreements may impose certain restrictive covenants on our borrowers. As a result, we are subject to the risk that a portfolio company in which we invest may make business decisions with which we disagree and the management of such company, as representatives of the holders of their common equity, may take risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve our interests as debt investors. Due to the lack of liquidity for our investments in private companies, we may not be able to readily dispose of our portfolio company holdings or to sell our holdings at an appropriate valuation. As a result, a portfolio company may make decisions that could decrease the value of our portfolio holdings.
We will be exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates.
We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. Because we may borrow money to finance a portion of our investments, our net investment income will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest those funds. As a result, we can offer no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income. In periods of rising interest rates when we have debt outstanding, our cost of funds will increase, which could reduce our net investment income.
In addition, interest rates have recently been at or near historic lows. In the event of a significant rising interest rate environment, our portfolio companies with adjustable-rate loans could see their interest payments increase and there may be a significant increase in the number of our portfolio companies who are unable or unwilling to pay interest and repay their loans. Our investment portfolio of adjustable-rate loans may also decline in value in response to rising interest rates if the adjustable interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as market interest rates in general. Similarly, during periods of rising interest rates, our investments with fixed interest will likely decline in value.
In periods of market volatility, the market values of fixed income securities, and portfolio companies with adjustable-rate loans, may be more sensitive to changes in interest rates. We may use interest rate risk management techniques in an effort to limit our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. These techniques may include various interest rate hedging activities to the extent such activities are not prohibited by the 1940 Act. These activities may limit our ability to participate in the benefits of lower interest rates with respect to the hedged portfolio. Adverse developments resulting from changes in interest rates or hedging transactions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
General interest rate fluctuations may have a substantial negative impact on our investments, our incentive fee, the value of our Shares and our rate of return on invested capital. During periods of declining interest rates, borrowers or issuers may exercise their option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled. For fixed-rate securities, such payments often occur during periods of declining interest rates, forcing the Company to reinvest in lower yielding securities, resulting in a possible decline in the Company’s income and distributions to shareholders.
An increase or decrease in commodity supply or demand may adversely affect our business.
While we intend to be diversified across industry sectors, a decrease in the production of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, coal or other energy commodities, a decrease in the volume of such commodities available for transportation, mining, processing, storage or distribution, or a sustained decline in demand for such commodities may adversely impact the financial performance or prospects of energy or other commodity focused companies in which we may invest. Energy and other commodity focused companies are subject to supply and demand fluctuations in the markets they serve which will be impacted by a wide range of factors, including fluctuating commodity prices, weather, increased conservation or use of alternative fuel sources, increased governmental or environmental regulation, depletion of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil or coal production, rising interest rates, declines in domestic or foreign production of natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil, accidents or catastrophic events and economic conditions, among others.
An increase or decrease in commodity pricing may adversely affect our business.
The return on our prospective investments in energy and other commodity sensitive companies will be dependent on the margins received by those companies for the exploration, development, production, gathering, transportation, processing, storing, refining, distribution, mining, generation or marketing of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined products, coal or power. These margins may fluctuate widely in response to a variety of factors including global and domestic economic conditions, weather conditions, natural disasters, the supply
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and price of imported energy commodities, the production and storage levels of energy commodities in certain regions or in the world, political instability, terrorist activities, transportation facilities, energy conservation, domestic and foreign governmental regulation and taxation and the availability of local, intrastate and interstate transportation systems. Volatility of commodity prices may also make it more difficult for energy companies in which we may invest to raise capital to the extent the market perceives that their performance may be directly or indirectly tied to commodity prices.
We may continue to be subject to certain contingent liabilities arising from the sale or other disposition of our investments.
A significant portion of our investments involve private securities. In connection with the sale or other disposition of an investment in private securities, we may be required to make representations about the business and financial affairs of the portfolio company, typical of those made in connection with the sale of a business. We may also be required to indemnify the purchasers of such investment to the extent that any such representations are determined to be inaccurate with respect to potential liabilities. These arrangements may constitute contingent liabilities that ultimately could result in funding obligations that we must satisfy through our return of distributions previously made to us on such investment. If this occurs, we could incur losses associated with the payments of amounts in satisfaction of such liabilities. Consequently, the value of our Shares may decline and our future distributions to shareholders may be reduced, although in no event would shareholders be required to return distributions previously paid by us to them on account of such liabilities.
International investments create additional risks.
We expect to make investments in portfolio companies that are domiciled outside of the United States. We anticipate that up to 30% of our investments may be in these types of assets. Our investments in foreign portfolio companies will be deemed “non-qualifying assets,” which means, as required by the 1940 Act, they may not constitute more than 30% of our total assets at the time of our acquisition of any asset, after giving effect to the acquisition. Notwithstanding the limitation on our ownership of foreign portfolio companies, such investments may subject us to many of the same risks as our domestic investments, as well as certain additional risks, including the following:
foreign governmental laws, rules and policies, including those restricting the ownership of assets in the foreign country or the repatriation of profits from the foreign country to the United States;
foreign currency devaluations that reduce the value of and returns on our foreign investments;
adverse changes in the availability, cost and terms of investments due to the varying economic policies of a foreign country in which we invest;
adverse changes in tax rates, the tax treatment of transaction structures and other changes in operating expenses of a particular foreign country in which we invest;
the assessment of foreign-country taxes (including withholding taxes, transfer taxes and value added taxes, any or all of which could be significant) on income or gains from our investments in the foreign country;
adverse changes in foreign-country laws, including those relating to taxation, bankruptcy and ownership of assets;
changes that adversely affect the social, political and/or economic stability of a foreign country in which we invest;
high inflation in the foreign countries in which we invest, which could increase the costs to us of investing in those countries;
deflationary periods in the foreign countries in which we invest, which could reduce demand for our assets in those countries and diminish the value of such investments and the related investment returns to us; and
legal and logistical barriers in the foreign countries in which we invest that materially and adversely limit our ability to enforce our contractual rights with respect to those investments.
In addition, we may make investments in countries whose governments or economies may prove unstable. Certain of the countries in which we may invest may have political, economic and legal systems that are unpredictable, unreliable or otherwise inadequate with respect to the implementation, interpretation and enforcement of laws protecting asset ownership and economic interests. In some of the countries in which we may invest, there may be a risk of nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, which may have an adverse
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effect on our portfolio companies in those countries and the rates of return we are able to achieve on such investments. We may also lose the total value of any investment that is nationalized, expropriated or confiscated. The financial results and investment opportunities available to us, particularly in developing countries and emerging markets, may be materially and adversely affected by any or all of these political, economic and legal risks.
To the extent OID and PIK interest income constitute a portion of our income, we will be exposed to risks associated with the deferred receipt of cash representing such income.
Our investments may include OID and PIK instruments. To the extent OID and PIK interest income constitute a portion of our income, we will be exposed to risks associated with such income being required to be included in an accounting income and taxable income prior to receipt of cash, including the following:
OID instruments may have unreliable valuations because the accretion of OID as interest income requires judgments about its collectability.
OID instruments may create heightened credit risks because the inducement to the borrower to accept higher interest rates in exchange for the deferral of cash payments typically represents, to some extent, speculation on the part of the borrower.
For accounting purposes, cash distributions to shareholders that include a component of accreted OID income do not come from paid-in capital, although they may be paid from the offering proceeds. Thus, although a distribution of accreted OID income may come from the cash invested by the shareholders, the 1940 Act does not require that shareholders be given notice of this fact.
The presence of accreted OID income and PIK interest income create the risk of non-refundable cash payments to the Advisor in the form of subordinated incentive fees on income based on non-cash accreted OID income and PIK interest income accruals that may never be realized.
In the case of PIK “toggle” debt (debt for which the issuer may defer an interest payment by agreeing to pay an increased coupon in the future, provided that all deferred payments must be made by the instrument’s maturity), the PIK interest election has the simultaneous effects of increasing the investment income, thus increasing the potential for realizing incentive fees.
The required recognition of OID and PIK interest for U.S. federal income tax purposes may have a negative impact on liquidity, as such amount represent non-cash income that may require cash distributions to shareholders in order to maintain our ability to be subject to tax as a RIC.
Our investments in private investment funds, including hedge funds, private equity funds, limited liability companies and other business entities, subject us indirectly to the underlying risks of such private investment funds and additional fees and expenses.
Our investments in private investment funds, including hedge funds, private equity funds, limited liability companies and other business entities, expose us to the risks associated with the businesses of such funds or entities. These private investment funds are not registered investment companies and, thus, are not subject to protections afforded by the 1940 Act covering, among other areas, liquidity requirements, governance by an independent board, affiliated transaction restrictions, leverage limitations, public disclosure requirements and custody requirements.
We rely primarily on information provided by managers of private investment funds in valuing our investments in such funds. There is a risk that inaccurate valuations provided by managers of private investment funds could adversely affect the value of our Shares. In addition, there can be no assurance that a manager of a private investment fund will provide advance notice of any material change in such private investment fund’s investment program or policies, therefore our investment portfolio may be subject to additional risks, which may not be promptly identified by our Advisor.
Investments in the securities of private investment funds may also involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in private investment funds indirectly through us, you bear a pro rata portion of our advisory fees and other expenses, and also indirectly bear a pro rata portion of the advisory fees, performance-based allocations and other expenses borne by us as an investor in the private investment funds.
In addition, certain private investment funds may not provide us with the liquidity we require and would thus subject us to liquidity risk. Further, even if an investment in a private investment fund is deemed liquid at the time of investment, the private investment fund may, in the future, alter the nature of its investments and cease to be a liquid investment fund, subjecting us to liquidity risk.
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We may acquire various structured financial instruments for purposes of “hedging” or reducing our risks, which may be costly and ineffective and could reduce our cash available for distribution to our shareholders.
We may seek to hedge against interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations and credit risk by using structured financial instruments such as futures, options, swaps and forward contracts, subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act. Use of structured financial instruments for hedging purposes may present significant risks, including the risk of loss of the amounts invested. Defaults by the other party to a hedging transaction can result in losses in the hedging transaction. Hedging activities also involve the risk of an imperfect correlation between the hedging instrument and the asset being hedged, which could result in losses both on the hedging transaction and on the instrument being hedged. Use of hedging activities may not prevent significant losses and could increase our losses. Further, hedging transactions may reduce cash available to pay distributions to our shareholders.
Defaults by our portfolio companies will harm our operating results.
A portfolio company’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of its debt financing and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize a portfolio company’s ability to meet its obligations under the debt or equity securities that we hold. We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting portfolio company.
An investment strategy focused primarily on privately-held companies presents certain challenges, including the lack of available information about these companies.
We intend to invest primarily in privately-held companies. Investments in private companies pose certain incremental risks as compared to investments in public companies, including that they:
have reduced access to the capital markets, resulting in diminished capital resources and ability to withstand financial distress;
may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their debt securities that we hold, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of us realizing any guarantees we may have obtained in connection with our investment;
may have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and changing market conditions, as well as general economic downturns;
are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons; therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on our portfolio company and, in turn, on us; and
generally have less predictable operating results; may from time to time be parties to litigation; may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence; and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position. In addition, our executive officers, trustees and members of the Advisor’s management may, in the ordinary course of business, be named as defendants in litigation arising from our investments in the portfolio companies.
Finally, little public information generally exists about private companies and these companies may not have third-party credit ratings or audited financial statements. We must therefore rely on the ability of our Advisor to obtain adequate information through due diligence to evaluate the creditworthiness and potential returns from investing in these companies. Additionally, these companies and their financial information will not generally be subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) and other rules that govern public companies. If we are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make a fully informed investment decision and we may lose money on our investments.
The lack of liquidity in our investments may adversely affect our business.
We may acquire a significant percentage of our portfolio company investments from privately-held companies in directly negotiated transactions. The securities of private companies are not publicly traded or actively traded on the secondary market and are, instead, traded on a privately-negotiated, over-the-counter secondary market for institutional investors, if at all. These over-the-counter secondary markets may be inactive during an economic downturn or a credit crisis. In addition, the securities in these companies will be subject to
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legal and other restrictions on resale or will otherwise be less liquid than publicly-traded securities. We typically would be unable to exit these investments unless and until the portfolio company has a liquidity event such as a sale, refinancing or initial public offering.
The illiquidity of our investments may make it difficult or impossible for us to sell such investments if the need arises. In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we have previously recorded our investments, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Moreover, securities purchased by us that are liquid at the time of purchase may subsequently become illiquid due to events relating to the issuer of the securities, market events, economic conditions or investor perceptions.
We may also face other restrictions on our ability to liquidate an investment in a portfolio company to the extent that we, our Advisor, or any of its affiliates have material nonpublic information regarding such portfolio company, or where the sale would be an impermissible joint transaction. The reduced liquidity of our investments may make it difficult for us to dispose of them at a favorable price, and, as a result, we may suffer losses.
We may not have the funds or ability to make additional investments in our portfolio companies or to fund our unfunded commitments.
After our initial investment in a portfolio company, we may be called upon from time to time to provide additional funds to such company or have the opportunity to increase our investment through the exercise of a warrant or other right to purchase common stock. There is no assurance that we will make, or will have sufficient funds to make, follow-on investments. Even if we have sufficient capital to make a desired follow-on investment, we may elect not to make a follow-on investment because we may not want to increase our level of risk, we prefer other opportunities, we are limited in our ability to do so by compliance with BDC requirements, or we desire to maintain our RIC status. Our ability to make follow-on investments may also be limited by Guggenheim's allocation policies. Any decisions not to make a follow-on investment or any inability on our part to make such an investment may have a negative impact on a portfolio company in need of such an investment, may result in a missed opportunity for us to increase our participation in a successful operation, or may reduce the expected return on the investment. During periods of market disruption, portfolio companies may be more likely to seek to draw on unfunded commitments we have made, and the risk of being unable to fund such commitments is heightened during such periods.
Prepayments of our debt investments by our portfolio companies could adversely impact our results of operations and reduce our return on equity.
We are subject to the risk that the investments we make in our portfolio companies may be repaid prior to maturity. When this occurs, we will generally reinvest these proceeds in temporary investments, pending their future investment in new portfolio companies. These temporary investments will typically have substantially lower yields than the debt being prepaid and we could experience significant delays in reinvesting these amounts. Any future investment in a new portfolio company may also be at lower yields than the debt that was repaid. As a result, our results of operations could be materially adversely affected if one or more of our portfolio companies elect to prepay amounts owed to us. Additionally, prepayments, net of prepayment fees, could negatively impact our return on equity.
To the extent that we borrow money at the Master Fund, the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested in us will be magnified and may increase the risk of investing in us. Borrowed money may also adversely affect the return on our assets, reduce cash available to service our debt or for distribution to our shareholders, and result in losses.
The use of borrowings, also known as leverage, increases the volatility of investments by magnifying the potential for gain or loss on invested equity capital. If we use leverage to partially finance our investments, through borrowing from banks and other lenders, you will experience increased risks of investing in our Shares. If the value of our assets decreases, leveraging would cause net asset value to decline more sharply than it otherwise would if we had not borrowed and employed leverage. Similarly, any decrease in our income would cause net income to decline more sharply than it would have if we had not borrowed and employed leverage. Such a decline could negatively affect our ability to make distributions to our shareholders. In addition, our shareholders will bear the burden of any increase in our expenses as a result of our use of leverage, including interest expenses and any increase in the management or incentive fees payable to the Advisor.
The amount of leverage that we employ will depend on our assessment of market and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing. There can be no assurance that leveraged financing will be available to us on
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favorable terms or at all. However, to the extent that we use leverage to finance our assets, our financing costs will reduce cash available for distributions to shareholders. Moreover, we may not be able to meet our financing obligations and, to the extent that we cannot, we risk the loss of some or all of our assets to liquidation or sale to satisfy the obligations. In such an event, we may be forced to sell assets at significantly depressed prices due to market conditions or otherwise, which may result in losses.
As a BDC, we are required to maintain a minimum coverage ratio of total assets to total borrowings and other senior securities, which include all of our borrowings and any preferred stock that we may issue in the future, subject to any then-current asset coverage requirements. We cannot incur additional debt and could be required to sell a portion of our investments to repay some debt when it is disadvantageous to do so, if any then-current asset coverage requirements are not met. This could have a material adverse effect on our operations and we may not be able to make distributions.
Illustration. The following table illustrates the effect of leverage on returns from an investment in the Master Fund common shares assuming a range of annual returns, net of expenses. The calculated results presented in the table below are hypothetical and actual returns may be higher or lower than those presented. The calculated results are based on the following assumptions:
$372.2 million in income earning total assets at the beginning of 2020;
$172.0 million in senior securities outstanding at the beginning of 2020;
$211.2 million in net assets attributable to Master Fund shareholders; and
a current effective interest rate of 4.40% for 2020 (the stated interest rate is 3 month LIBOR +2.50%).
In order to compute the “corresponding return to shareholders,” the “assumed return on our portfolio (net of expenses)” is multiplied by the total assets to obtain an assumed return to us. The interest expense is calculated as the product of the current effective interest rate and the amount of senior securities outstanding. The accrued interest expense as so calculated is then subtracted from the assumed return to us to determine the return available to shareholders. The return available to shareholders is then divided by the total amount of net assets attributable to Master Fund common shareholders to determine the “corresponding return to shareholders.” The amortization of deferred credit facility financing costs and future conditional unused commitment fees are not included in interest expense; actual interest expense may be different.
Breakeven
Assumed return on our portfolio (net of expenses)(10.00)%(5.00)%— %5.00 %10.00 %2.03 %
Corresponding return to shareholders(21.21)%(12.40)%(3.58)%5.23 %14.040.00
The illustrative results in the table above indicate that an assumed (5.00)% annual return on our earning assets in 2020 would hypothetically result in a (12.40)% return to our shareholders. Likewise, an assumed 5.00% annual return on our earning assets in 2020 would hypothetically result in a 5.23% return to Master Fund shareholders. Finally, the Master Fund portfolio must hypothetically earn an annual return of 2.03% in 2020 to cover the annual interest expense on the assumed amount of senior securities outstanding in 2020.
The agreements governing our financing arrangements contain various covenants which, if not complied with, could accelerate repayment under the applicable arrangement, thereby materially and adversely affecting our liquidity, financial condition, results of operations and our ability to pay distributions to our shareholders.
Hamilton Finance LLC ("Hamilton"), a wholly-owned financing subsidiary of the Master Fund, has entered into a financing arrangement with a national commercial bank. The agreement governing this financing arrangement contains various default provisions and operational covenants which, if triggered, could result in the termination of the respective financing arrangement and the acceleration of any amounts outstanding thereunder, which could require the Master Fund or its subsidiary to liquidate positions at a time and/or at a price which is disadvantageous to us. This could result in losses and impact our ability to meet our investment objectives and pay distributions to shareholders.
The Master Fund's or Hamilton's failure to comply with the covenants set forth in the financing arrangement could materially and adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition, results of operations and our ability to pay distributions to our shareholders. We cannot assure shareholders that the Master Fund's or its subsidiaries will be able to borrow funds under any such financing arrangements at any particular time or at all. See Part II. Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-
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Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources of Form 10-K of the Master Fund for a more detailed discussion of the terms of these financing arrangements.
Recent legislation may allow us to incur additional leverage.
Previously, under Section 61 of the 1940 act and as an existing non-traded BDC, we were generally not permitted to incur indebtedness unless immediately after such borrowing we had an asset coverage ratio for total borrowings of at least 200% (i.e., the amount of debt may not exceed 50% of the value of our assets). Recent legislation that has become law has modified this section of the 1940 Act and increased the amount of debt that new BDCs and certain publicly traded BDCs may incur by modifying the percentage from 200% to 150%. However, it is still uncertain as to how this modification affects existing BDCs who are not publicly traded. Currently, we are still held to an asset coverage ratio of at least 200% but clarity in this law as to how it affects existing non-traded BDCs may allow us, in the future, to incur additional indebtedness similar to certain publicly traded BDCs, and, therefore, your risk of an investment in us may increase.
Economic recessions or downturns could impair our portfolio companies and harm our operating results.
Many of our portfolio companies may be susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions and may be unable to repay our debt investments during these periods. Therefore, our non-performing assets may increase and the value of our portfolio is likely to decrease during these periods. Adverse economic conditions may also decrease the value of any collateral securing our senior secured first or second lien loans. A severe recession may further decrease the value of such collateral and result in losses of value in our portfolio and a decrease in our revenues, net income, assets and net worth. Unfavorable economic conditions could also increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us on terms we deem acceptable. These events could prevent us from increasing investments and harm our operating results.
A return of recessionary conditions and/or continued negative developments in the domestic and international credit markets may significantly affect the markets in which we do business, the value of our loans and investments and our ongoing operations, costs and profitability. Any such unfavorable economic conditions, including rising interest rates, may also increase our funding costs, limit our access to capital markets or negatively impact our ability to obtain financing, particularly from the debt markets. In addition, any future financial market uncertainty could lead to financial market disruptions and could further impact our ability to obtain financing. These events could limit our investment originations, limit our ability to grow and negatively impact our operating results and financial condition.
The Advisor's decision to securitize loans may impact the Feeder Funds.
A decision by our Advisor to securitize loans may affect the Feeder Funds in the following ways: (i) the securitization vehicle may be required to have separate financial statements, (ii) the securitized loans and/or the investment in the securitization vehicle would be included in the Master Fund's 30% "bucket" of Qualifying Assets (i.e. not a Qualified Asset) and (iii) securitization involves added fees and costs.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR ADVISOR AND ITS AFFILIATES
The Advisor and its affiliates, including our officers and some of our Trustees, may face conflicts of interest caused by compensation arrangements with us and our affiliates, which could result in increased risk-taking by us.
The Advisor and its affiliates will receive substantial fees from us in return for its services, including certain incentive fees based on the amount of appreciation of our investments. These fees could influence the advice provided to us. Generally, the more equity we sell in public offerings and the greater the risk assumed by us with respect to our investments, the greater the potential for growth in our assets and profits (and, correlatively, the fees payable by us to the Dealer Manager and the Advisor). These compensation arrangements could affect our Advisor’s or its affiliates’ judgment with respect to public offerings of equity and investments made by us, which allow the Dealer Manager to earn additional Dealer Manager fees and the Advisor to earn increased investment advisory fees.
The time and resources that individuals associated with the Advisor devote to us may be diverted, and we may face additional competition due to the fact that Guggenheim is not prohibited from raising money for or managing another entity that makes the same types of investments that we target.
The Advisor currently manages other investment entities and is not prohibited from raising money for and managing future investment entities that make the same types of investments as those we target. As a result, the time and resources that our Advisor devotes to us may be diverted, and during times of intense activity in other programs, it may devote less time and resources to our business than is necessary or appropriate. In addition, we may compete with any such investment entity for the same investors and investment opportunities.
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The Advisor will experience conflicts of interest in connection with the management of our business affairs.
Our Advisor will experience conflicts of interest in connection with the management of our business affairs, including those relating to the allocation of investment opportunities by the Advisor and its affiliates; compensation to the Advisor; services that may be provided by the Advisor and its affiliates to issuers in which we invest; investments by us and other clients of the Advisor, subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act; the formation of additional investment funds by the Advisor; differing recommendations given by the Advisor to us versus other clients; the Advisor’s use of information gained from issuers in our portfolio for investments by other clients, subject to applicable law; and restrictions on the Advisor’s use of “inside information” with respect to potential investments by us.
The Advisor may face conflicts of interest with respect to services performed for issuers in which we invest.
The Advisor and its affiliates may provide a broad range of financial services to companies in which we invest, in compliance with applicable law, and will generally be paid fees for such services. In addition, affiliates of the Advisor may act as underwriters or placement agents in connection with an offering of securities by one of the companies in our portfolio. Any compensation received by the Advisor for providing these services will not be shared with us and may be received before we realize a return on our investment. The Advisor may face conflicts of interest with respect to services performed for these companies, on the one hand, and investments recommended to us, on the other hand.
The Advisor has incentives to favor its other accounts and clients over us, which may result in conflicts of interest that could be harmful to us.
Because our Advisor manages assets for other investment companies, pooled investment vehicles and/or other accounts (including institutional clients, pension plans and certain high net worth individuals), certain conflicts of interest are present. For instance, the Advisor may receive fees from certain accounts that are higher than the fees received by the Advisor from us, or receive a more favorable performance-based fee on certain accounts. In those instances, a portfolio manager for the Advisor has an incentive to favor the higher fee and/or higher performance-based fee accounts over us. In addition, a conflict of interest exists to the extent the Advisor has proprietary investments in certain accounts, where its portfolio managers or other employees have personal investments in certain accounts, or when certain accounts are investment options in the Advisor’s employee benefit plans. The Advisor has an incentive to favor these accounts over us. Our Board of Trustees will be responsible for monitoring these conflicts.
The Advisor is not restricted from entering into other investment advisory relationships; the Advisor’s actions on behalf of its other accounts and clients may be adverse to us and our investments.
The Advisor manages assets for accounts other than us, including private funds (for purposes of this section, “Advisor Funds”). Actions taken by the Advisor on behalf of its Advisor Funds may be adverse to us and our investments, which could harm our performance. For example, we may invest in the same credit obligations as other Advisor Funds, and, to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, our investments may include different obligations of the same issuer. Decisions made with respect to the securities held by one Advisor Fund may cause (or have the potential to cause) harm to the different class of securities of the issuer held by other Advisor Funds (including us). As a further example, the Advisor may manage accounts that engage in short sales of (or otherwise take short positions in) securities or other instruments of the type in which we invest, which could harm our performance for the benefit of the accounts taking short positions, if such short positions cause the market value of the securities to fall.
Our Advisor will face restrictions on its use of inside information about existing or potential investments that it acquires through its relationships with other advisory clients, and those restrictions may limit the freedom of our Advisor to enter into or exit from investments for us, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
In the course of performing its duties, the members, officers, directors, employees, principals or affiliates of our Advisor may come into possession of material, non-public information. The possession of such information may be detrimental to us, limiting the ability of our Advisor to buy or sell a security or otherwise to participate in an investment opportunity for us. In certain circumstances, employees of our Advisor may serve as board members or in other capacities for portfolio or potential portfolio companies, which could restrict our ability to trade in the securities of such companies. For example, if personnel of the Advisor come into possession of material non-public information with respect to our investments, such personnel will be restricted by Guggenheim's information-sharing policies and procedures, or by law or contract from sharing such information with our management team, even where the disclosure of such information would be in our best interests or would otherwise influence decisions taken by the members of the management team with respect to that investment. This conflict and these
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procedures and practices may limit the freedom of our Advisor to enter into or exit from potentially profitable investments for us, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will be able to fully leverage the resources and industry expertise of our Advisor’s other businesses. Additionally, there may be circumstances in which one or more individuals associated with the Advisor will be precluded from providing services to us because of certain confidential information available to those individuals or to other parts of the Advisor.
We may be obligated to pay our Advisor incentive fees even if we incur a net loss due to a decline in the value of our portfolio and even if our earned interest income is not payable in cash.
The Investment Advisory Agreement entitles Guggenheim to receive an incentive fee based on our pre-incentive fee net investment income regardless of any capital losses. In such case, we may be required to pay Guggenheim an incentive fee for a fiscal quarter even if there is a decline in the value of our portfolio or if we incur a net loss for that quarter.
Any incentive fee payable by us that relates to our pre-incentive fee net investment income may be computed and paid on income that may include interest that has been accrued but not yet received or interest in the form of securities received rather than cash (i.e., PIK income). If a portfolio company defaults on a loan that is structured to provide accrued interest income, it is possible that accrued interest income previously included in the calculation of the incentive fee will become uncollectible. Our Advisor is not obligated to reimburse us for any part of the incentive fee it received that was based on accrued interest income that we never received as a result of a subsequent default, and such circumstances would result in our paying a subordinated incentive fee on income we never receive. PIK income will be counted toward the incentive fee that we are obligated to pay our Advisor, even though we do not receive the income in the form of cash.
The quarterly incentive fee on income that we pay is recognized and paid without regard to: (i) the trend of pre-incentive fee net investment income on adjusted capital over multiple quarters in arrears, which may in fact be consistently less than the preference return, or (ii) the net income or net loss in the current calendar quarter, the current year, or any combination of prior periods.
For federal income tax purposes, we may be required to recognize taxable income in some circumstances in which we do not receive a corresponding payment in cash and to make distributions with respect to such income to maintain our status as a RIC. Under such circumstances, we may have difficulty meeting the annual distribution requirement necessary to maintain RIC tax treatment under the Code. This difficulty in making the required distribution may be amplified to the extent that we are required to pay a subordinated incentive fee on income with respect to such accrued income. As a result, we may have to sell some of our investments at times and/or at prices we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital, or forgo new investment opportunities for this purpose. If we are not able to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment and thus become subject to corporate-level income tax.
Our incentive fee may induce our Advisor to make speculative investments.
The incentive fee payable by us to Guggenheim may create an incentive for our Advisor to make investments on our behalf that are riskier or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such compensation arrangements. The way in which the incentive fee is determined may encourage our Advisor to use leverage to increase the leveraged return on our investment portfolio.
In addition, the fact that our base management fee is payable based upon our gross assets (which includes any borrowings for investment purposes) may encourage our Advisor to use leverage to make additional investments. Such a practice could result in our investing in more speculative securities than would otherwise be the case, which could result in higher investment losses, particularly during cyclical economic downturns. Under certain circumstances, the use of substantial leverage may increase the likelihood of our default on our borrowings, which would disfavor holders of our Shares.
Our ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates will be restricted.
We will be prohibited under the 1940 Act from participating in certain transactions with certain of our affiliates without the prior approval of a majority of the Independent Trustees and, in some cases, the SEC. Any person that owns, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of our outstanding voting securities will be our affiliate for purposes of the 1940 Act, and we will generally be prohibited from buying or selling any securities from or to such affiliate on a principal basis, absent the prior approval of our Board of Trustees and, in some cases, the SEC. The 1940 Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with certain of our affiliates, which in certain circumstances could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times to the extent the transaction is considered a joint transaction), without prior approval of our Board of Trustees and, in some
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cases, the SEC. If a person acquires more than 25% of our voting securities, we will be prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to such person or certain of that person’s affiliates, or entering into prohibited joint transactions with such persons, absent the prior approval of the SEC. Similar restrictions limit our ability to transact business with our officers, trustees or their affiliates. The SEC has interpreted the BDC regulations governing transactions with affiliates to prohibit certain joint transactions involving entities that share a common investment adviser. As a result of these restrictions, we may be prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to any portfolio company that is controlled by a fund managed by the Advisor or its affiliates without the prior approval of the SEC, which may limit the scope of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us.
The Master Fund received an exemptive order from the SEC that permits it to, among other things, co-invest in privately-negotiated transactions alongside other funds, including funds managed by Guggenheim and certain of its affiliates. The exemptive order is subject to certain terms and conditions. Accordingly, when the Master Fund co-invests in privately-negotiated transactions with other accounts or other entities managed by Guggenheim, those transactions will be subject to the various conditions contained in the SEC exemptive order pertaining to co-investment transactions. However, if the Master Fund co-invests in transactions with other accounts or other entities managed by Guggenheim which are not subject to the various conditions contained in our exemptive order, then those transactions will be subject to the limited circumstances currently permitted by applicable SEC staff guidance and interpretations. The Master Fund has adopted Guggenheim’s allocation policy, which is designed to fairly and equitably distribute investment opportunities among funds or pools of capital managed by Guggenheim. Such allocation policy provides that once an investment has been approved and is deemed to be in the Master Fund's best interest, then the Master Fund will receive a pro rata share of the investment. The adoption of this allocation policy will ensure that the Master Fund will be presented with all investment opportunities that fit within its investment strategy and that it will have the ability to invest in those opportunities alongside other Guggenheim clients on equal terms.
In situations when co-investment with affiliates’ other clients is not permitted under the 1940 Act and related rules, existing or future staff guidance or the terms and conditions of exemptive relief granted to us by the SEC (as discussed above), our Advisor will need to decide which client or clients will proceed with the investment. Generally, the Master Fund will not have an entitlement to make a co-investment in these circumstances and, to the extent that another client elects to proceed with the investment, then the Master Fund will not be permitted to participate. Moreover, except in certain circumstances, the Master Fund will be unable to invest in any issuer in which an affiliate's other client holds a controlling interest.
We may make investments that could give rise to a conflict of interest.
We do not expect to invest in, or hold securities of, companies that are controlled by our affiliates’ other clients. However, an affiliate’s other clients may invest in, and gain control over, one of our portfolio companies. If an affiliate’s other client, or clients, gains control over one of our portfolio companies, it may create conflicts of interest and may subject us to certain restrictions under the 1940 Act. As a result of these conflicts and restrictions, our Advisor may be unable to implement our investment strategies as effectively as it could have in the absence of such conflicts or restrictions. For example, as a result of a conflict or restriction, our Advisor may be unable to engage in certain transactions that it would otherwise pursue. In order to avoid these conflicts and restrictions, our Advisor may choose to exit these investments prematurely and, as a result, we would forego any positive returns associated with such investments. In addition, to the extent that an affiliate’s other clients hold a different class of securities than us as a result of such transactions, our interests may not be aligned.
The recommendations given to us by the Advisor may differ from those rendered to its other clients.
The Advisor and its affiliates may give advice and recommend securities to other clients that may differ from advice given to, or securities recommended or bought for, us even though such other clients’ investment objectives may be similar to ours.
Our Advisor’s liability is limited under the Investment Advisory Agreement, and we are required to indemnify our Advisor against certain liabilities, which may lead our Advisor to act in a riskier manner on our behalf than it would when acting for its own account.
Our Advisor has not assumed any responsibility to us other than to render the services described in the Investment Advisory Agreement, and its assets will not be available to satisfy our debts and obligations. The Advisor will not be responsible for any action of our Board of Trustees in declining to follow our Advisor’s advice or recommendations. Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, our Advisor and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, agents, employees, controlling persons and any other person or entity affiliated with, or acting on behalf of, the Advisor will not be liable to us for their acts under the Investment Advisory Agreement
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(absent willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard in the performance of their duties). We have also agreed to indemnify, defend and protect our Advisor and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, agents, employees, controlling persons and any other person or entity affiliated with, or acting on behalf of, the Advisor with respect to all damages, liabilities, costs and expenses resulting from acts of our Advisor (not arising out of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard in the performance of their duties). These protections may lead our Advisor to act in a riskier manner when acting on our behalf than it would when acting for its own account.
Our Advisor is party to a settlement agreement with the SEC and is subject to remedial sanctions and a cease-and-desist order.
In August 2015, our Advisor settled all matters relating to an investigation by the SEC, including matters relating to a failure to disclose a potential conflict of interest in connection with a $50.0 million loan that a senior executive received from an advisory client and inadvertently billing management fees of $6.5 million to non-managed assets of one client. Our Advisor neither admitted nor denied the findings contained in the SEC order. In connection with implementing the settlement agreement, remedial sanctions and a cease-and-desist order have been entered against our Advisor. Additionally, the SEC censured our Advisor and ordered it to pay a $20.0 million civil penalty. This settlement does not impose any restrictions on our Advisor’s future business activities.
RISKS GENERALLY RELATED TO BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMPANIES
The requirement that we invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying assets could preclude us from investing in accordance with our current business strategy; conversely, the failure to invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying assets could result in our failure to maintain our status as a BDC.
As a BDC, the 1940 Act prohibits us from acquiring any assets other than certain qualifying assets, unless at the time of and after giving effect to such acquisition, at least 70% of our total assets are qualifying assets. Therefore, we may be precluded from investing in what we believe are attractive investments if such investments are not qualifying assets. Conversely, if we fail to invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying assets, we could lose our status as a BDC, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and result of operations. Similarly, these rules could prevent us from making additional investments in existing portfolio companies, which could result in the dilution of our position, or could require us to dispose of investments at an inopportune time to comply with the 1940 Act. If we were forced to sell non-qualifying investments in the portfolio for compliance purposes, the proceeds from such sale could be significantly less than the current value of such investments.
Failure to maintain our status as a BDC would reduce our operating flexibility.
If we do not remain a BDC, we might be regulated as a closed-end investment company under the 1940 Act, which would subject us to substantially more regulatory restrictions and correspondingly decrease our operating flexibility.
Regulations governing our operation as a BDC and RIC will affect our ability to raise capital and the way in which we raise additional capital or borrow for investment purposes, which may have a negative effect on our growth. As a BDC, the necessity of raising additional capital may expose us to risks, including risks associated with leverage.
As a result of our need to satisfy the annual distribution requirement in order to be subject to tax as a RIC, we may need to access the capital markets periodically to raise cash to fund new investments in portfolio companies. The Master Fund may issue "senior securities," including borrowing money from banks or other financial institutions, only in amounts such that the Master Fund's asset coverage is at least equal to any then-current asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act. Recent legislation has reduced the asset coverage requirements for BDCs, subject to certain approvals and conditions. If the Master Fund obtains the necessary approvals and meets the applicable conditions, it may incur increased leverage and be subject to additional risk. If the Master Fund issues senior securities, we will be exposed to risks associated with leverage, including an increased risk of loss. Our ability to issue different types of securities is also limited. Compliance with these distribution requirements may unfavorably limit the Master Fund's investment opportunities and reduce our ability in comparison to other companies to profit from favorable spreads between the rates at which we can borrow and the rates at which we can lend.
The Master Fund may borrow for investment purposes. If the value of the Master Fund's assets declines, it may be unable to satisfy the asset coverage test, which would prohibit us from paying distributions and could prevent us from being subject to tax as a RIC, which would generally result in a corporate-level tax on any income and net gains. If the Master Fund cannot satisfy the asset coverage test, it may be required to sell a portion of its
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investments and, depending on the nature of its debt financing, repay a portion of its indebtedness at a time when such sales may be disadvantageous. Also, any amounts that the Master Fund uses to service its indebtedness would not be available for distributions to our common shareholders.
If we cannot obtain debt financing or equity capital on acceptable terms, our ability to acquire investments and to expand our operations will be adversely affected.
The net proceeds from the sale of Shares will be used for our investment opportunities, and, if necessary, the payment of operating expenses and the payment of various fees and expenses, such as management fees, incentive fees and other fees and distributions. Any working capital reserves we maintain may not be sufficient for investment purposes, and we may require additional debt financing or equity capital to operate. Pursuant to tax rules that apply to us, we will be required to distribute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes each taxable year generally of an amount at least equal to 90% of the sum of our net ordinary income and net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses, if any, to our shareholders in order to maintain our ability to be subject to tax as a RIC. Accordingly, in the event that we need additional capital in the future for investments or for any other reason, we may need to access the capital markets periodically to issue debt or equity securities or borrow from financial institutions in order to obtain such additional capital. These sources of funding may not be available to us due to unfavorable economic conditions, which could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. Consequently, if we cannot obtain further debt or equity financing on acceptable terms, our ability to acquire additional investments and to expand our operations will be adversely affected. As a result, we would be less able to achieve portfolio diversification and our investment objectives, which may negatively impact our results of operations and reduce our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
RISKS RELATED TO AN INVESTMENT IN OUR SHARES
Investing in our Shares involves a high degree of risk.
The investments we make in accordance with our investment objectives may result in a higher amount of risk than alternative investment options and includes volatility or loss of principal. Our investments in portfolio companies may be highly speculative and aggressive and, therefore, an investment in our Shares may not be suitable for someone with lower risk tolerance.
If we are unable to raise substantial funds in our ongoing, continuous “best efforts” public offering, we will be limited in the number and type of investments we may make, and the value of your investment in us may be reduced in the event our assets under-perform.
Our continuous public offering is being made on a best efforts basis, whereby our Dealer Manager and selected dealers are only required to use their best efforts to sell our Shares and have no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the Shares. To the extent that less than the maximum number of Shares is subscribed for, the opportunity for diversification of our investments may be decreased and the returns achieved on those investments may be reduced as a result of allocating all of our expenses among a smaller capital base.
Our ability to conduct our continuous public offering successfully is dependent, in part, on the ability of our Dealer Manager to successfully establish, operate and maintain relationships with a network of selected dealers.
The success of our public offering, and correspondingly our ability to implement our business strategy, is dependent upon the ability of our Dealer Manager to establish and maintain relationships with a network of licensed securities selected dealers and other agents to sell our Shares. If our Dealer Manager fails to perform, we may not be able to raise adequate proceeds through our public offering to implement our investment strategy. If we are unsuccessful in implementing our investment strategy, you could lose all or a part of your investment.
We intend, but are not required, to offer to repurchase your Shares on a quarterly basis. As a result you will have limited opportunities to sell your Shares.
Subject to our Board of Trustees' discretion, we intend to offer to repurchase approximately 10% of our weighted average number of outstanding Shares in any 12-month period, in order to allow you to tender your Shares to us on a quarterly basis at a price that is estimated to be equal to our net asset value per share as of the expiration date of the tender offer. The share repurchase program, if implemented, will include numerous restrictions that limit your ability to sell your Shares. At the discretion of our Board of Trustees, we intend to limit the number of Shares to be repurchased during any calendar year to the number of Shares we can repurchase with cash on hand, cash available from borrowings and cash from the sale of our investments as of the end of the applicable period to repurchase Shares. We will limit repurchases in each quarter to 2.5% of the weighted average number of Shares outstanding in the prior four calendar quarters. To the extent that the number of Shares put to us for repurchase exceeds the number of Shares that we are able to purchase, we will repurchase Shares on a pro
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rata basis, not on a first-come, first-served basis. Further, we will have no obligation to repurchase Shares if the repurchase would violate the restrictions on distributions under federal law or Delaware law, which prohibits distributions that would cause a trust to fail to meet statutory tests of solvency. These limits may prevent us from accommodating all repurchase requests made in any year. Our Board of Trustees may amend, suspend or terminate the share repurchase program at any time. We will notify our shareholders of such developments: (i) in our quarterly reports or (ii) by means of a separate mailing to you, accompanied by disclosure in a current or periodic report under the Exchange Act. In addition, under the quarterly share repurchase program, if implemented, we will have discretion to not repurchase Shares, to suspend the program, and to cease repurchases. Further, the program will have many limitations and should not be relied upon as a method to sell Shares promptly and at a desired price.
Our Shares are not listed on a securities exchange and our shareholders have limited liquidity. In addition, the timing of our repurchase offers pursuant to our share repurchase program may be at a time that is disadvantageous to our shareholders, and to the extent you are able to sell your Shares under the share repurchase program, you may not be able to recover the amount of your investment in our Shares.
Our Shares are illiquid investments for which there is not and will likely not be a secondary market. Liquidity for your Shares will be limited to participation in our share repurchase program, which we have no obligation to maintain.
When we make quarterly repurchase offers pursuant to the share repurchase program, we will offer to repurchase Shares at a price that is estimated to be equal to our net asset value per share as of the expiration date of the tender offer, which may be lower than the price that you paid for our Shares. As a result, to the extent you paid a price that includes the related sales load and to the extent you have the ability to sell your Shares pursuant to our share repurchase program, the price at which you may sell Shares may be lower than the amount you paid in connection with the purchase of Shares in this offering.
We have a finite term and the timing of our liquidation may be at a time that is disadvantageous to our shareholders and the proceeds you receive may be less than your investment in our Shares.
We will have a finite term and we intend to liquidate our interest in the Master Fund and distribute all proceeds to shareholders on or before December 31, 2026. If market conditions are unfavorable at the time of our liquidation, you may receive liquidation proceeds that are less than your investment in our Shares.
GCIF 2016T and GCIF 2019 also have a finite term and the timing of its liquidation will likely occur before any liquidation that we may have. GCIF 2016T and GCIF 2019's liquidation may be at a time that is disadvantageous to the Master Fund and our shareholders.
GCIF 2016T and GCIF 2019 also has finite terms and the timing of their liquidations will likely occur before any liquidation that we may have. The Master Fund may sell some of its investments, borrow additional funds or use capital raised from other feeder funds, including us, to meet the liquidation needs of GCIF 2016T and GCIF 2019. GCIF 2016T and GCIF 2019's liquidation may be at a time that is disadvantageous to the Master Fund and, thus, our shareholders through our ownership of the Master Fund. GCIF 2016T and GCIF 2019 intends to liquidate its interests in the Master Fund and distribute all proceeds to its shareholders on or before December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2026, respectively.
We may be unable to invest a significant portion of the net proceeds of this offering on acceptable terms in an acceptable timeframe.
Delays in investing the net proceeds of this offering may impair our performance. We cannot assure you that we will be able to identify investments that meet our investment objectives or that any investment that we make will produce a positive return. We may be unable to invest the net proceeds of our offering on acceptable terms within the time period that we anticipate or at all, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.
Before making investments, we will invest the net proceeds of our offering primarily in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities, repurchase agreements and/or other high-quality debt instruments maturing in one year or less from the time of investment. This will produce returns that are significantly lower than the returns we expect to achieve when our portfolio is fully invested in securities meeting our investment objectives. As a result, any distributions that we pay while our portfolio is not fully invested in securities meeting our investment objectives may be lower than the distributions that we may be able to pay when our portfolio is fully invested in securities meeting our investment objectives.
Your interest in us may be diluted if we issue additional Shares, which could reduce the overall value of an investment in us.
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You do not have preemptive rights to any Shares we issue in the future. Our Declaration of Trust authorizes us to issue up to 348,000,000 Shares. Pursuant to our Declaration of Trust, a majority of our entire Board of Trustees may amend our Declaration of Trust to increase our authorized Shares without shareholder approval. Our Board of Trustees may elect to sell additional Shares in the future. To the extent we issue additional equity interests at or below net asset value, your percentage ownership interest in us may be diluted. In addition, depending upon the terms and pricing of any additional offerings and the value of our investments, you may also experience dilution in the book value and fair value of your Shares.
Under the 1940 Act, we generally are prohibited from issuing or selling our Shares at a price below net asset value per share, which may be a disadvantage as compared with certain public companies. We may, however, sell our Shares or warrants, options or rights to acquire our Shares, at a price below the current net asset value of our Shares if our Board of Trustees and Independent Trustees determine that such sale is in our best interests and the best interests of our shareholders, and our shareholders, including a majority of those shareholders that are not affiliated with us, approve such sale. In any such case, the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price that, in the determination of our Board of Trustees, closely approximates the fair value of such securities. If we raise additional funds by issuing Shares or senior securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, our Shares, then the percentage ownership of our shareholders at that time will decrease and you will experience dilution.
If a Liquidity Event were to be in the form of listing of the Master Fund’s shares on a national securities exchange, the price at which the shares of the Master Fund trade from time to time may be below the Master Fund’s then current Net Asset value.
One of the options that our Board of Trustees may recommend to pursue a Liquidity Event may be a listing of the Master Fund’s shares on a national securities exchange. Such a listing would require the approval of the shareholders of the Feeder Funds voting together as a single class, and, if approved, would result in the liquidation and dissolution of each feeder fund, including us, at which point all shareholders of each feeder fund would become direct shareholders of the Master Fund. We cannot assure you that a trading market will develop for the Master Fund’s shares after the listing or, if one develops, that such trading market will be sustained. In addition, we cannot predict the prices at which the shares of the Master Fund will trade, whether at, above or below NAV. Shares of publicly traded BDCs often trade at a discount to the initial offering price due to initial front end load cost and other related offering expenses. Also, shares of publicly traded BDCs frequently trade at a discount to NAV, and the shares of the Master Fund may also be discounted in the market. This characteristic of publicly traded BDCs is separate and distinct from the risk that our NAV per share may decline and may be greater for investors expecting to sell shares after the Master Fund listing occurs. In addition, if shares of the Master Fund trade below its then current NAV, the Master Fund will generally not be able to sell additional shares of common stock to the public without, among other things, the requisite shareholder approval.
Certain provisions of our Declaration of Trust and actions of the Board of Trustees could deter takeover attempts and have an adverse impact on the value of our Shares.
Our Declaration of Trust, as well as certain statutory and regulatory requirements, contains certain provisions that may have the effect of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire us. Our Board of Trustees may, without shareholder action, authorize the issuance of shares in one or more classes or series if the required approval is obtained from SEC; and our Board of Trustees may, without shareholder action, amend our Declaration of Trust to increase the number of our Shares, of any class or series, that we will have authority to issue. These anti-takeover provisions may inhibit a change of control in circumstances that could give the holders of our Shares the opportunity to realize a premium over the value of our Shares.
The net asset value of our Shares may fluctuate significantly.
The net asset value and liquidity, if any, of the market for our Shares may be significantly affected by numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be directly related to our operating performance. These factors include:
changes in the value of our portfolio of investments and derivative instruments;
changes in regulatory policies or tax guidelines, particularly with respect to RICs or BDCs;
loss of RIC or BDC status;
distributions that exceed our net investment income and net income as reported according to GAAP;
changes in earnings or variations in operating results;
changes in accounting guidelines governing valuation of our investments;
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any shortfall in revenue or net income, or any increase in losses from levels expected by investors;
departure of our Advisor or certain of its key personnel;
general economic trends and other external factors; and
loss of a major funding source.
There are special considerations for pension or profit-sharing trusts, Keoghs or IRAs.
If you are investing the assets of a pension, profit sharing, 401(k), Keogh or other retirement plan, or IRA or any other employee benefit plan subject to ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code in us, you should consider:
whether your investment is consistent with the applicable provisions of ERISA and the Code;
whether your investment will produce unrelated business taxable income to the benefit plan; and
your need to value the assets of the benefit plan annually.
We believe that, under current ERISA law and regulations, our assets will not be treated as “plan assets” of a benefit plan subject to ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code that purchases Shares, if the facts and assumptions described in this prospectus arise as expected, and based on our related representations. Our view is not binding on the IRS or the Department of Labor. If our assets were considered to be plan assets, our assets would be subject to ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code, and some of the transactions we will enter into with our Advisor and its affiliates could be considered “prohibited transactions,” which could cause us, our Advisor and its affiliates to be subject to liabilities and excise taxes. In addition, Guggenheim could be deemed to be a fiduciary under ERISA and subject to other conditions, restrictions and prohibitions under Part 4 of Title I of ERISA. Even if our assets will not be considered to be plan assets, a prohibited transaction could occur if we, our Advisor, any selected dealer, the transfer agent or any of their affiliates is a fiduciary (within the meaning of ERISA) with respect to a purchase by a benefit plan and, therefore, unless an administrative or statutory exemption applies in the event such persons are fiduciaries (within the meaning of ERISA) with respect to your purchase, Shares should not be purchased.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX RISKS
We will be subject to corporate-level income tax if we are unable to maintain our qualification as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code, if the Master Fund is unable to maintain its qualification as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code or if we make investments through taxable subsidiaries.
To maintain RIC tax treatment under the Code, we must meet the following minimum annual distribution, income source and asset diversification requirements.
The minimum annual distribution requirement for a RIC will be satisfied if we distribute dividends for U.S federal income tax purposes to our shareholders each taxable year an amount generally at least equal to 90% of the sum of our net ordinary taxable income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any. In addition, a RIC may, in certain cases, satisfy the 90% distribution requirement by distributing dividends relating to a taxable year after the close of such taxable year under the “spillover dividend” provisions of Subchapter M of the Code. Upon satisfying this requirement, we would be taxed on any retained income and/or gains, including any short-term capital gains or long-term capital gains. We must also satisfy an additional annual distribution requirement in respect of each calendar year in order to avoid the imposition of a 4% excise tax on the amount of any under-distribution. Because we may use debt financing, we are subject to (i) an asset coverage ratio requirement under the 1940 Act and may, in the future, be subject to (ii) certain financial covenants under loan and credit agreements that could, under certain circumstances, restrict us from making distributions necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources, we could fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment, or could be required to retain a portion of our income or gains, and thus become subject to corporate-level income or excise tax.
The income source requirement will be satisfied if we obtain at least 90% of our gross income each taxable year from dividends, interest, gains from the sale of stock or securities or other income derived from the business of investing in stock or securities.
The asset diversification requirement will be satisfied if we meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each quarter of our taxable year. To satisfy this requirement, at least 50% of the value of our assets must consist of cash, cash equivalents (including receivables), U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other acceptable securities; and no more than 25% of the value of our assets can be invested in the securities, other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs, of one issuer, of two or more issuers that are controlled (as determined under applicable Code rules) by us and that are engaged in the same or similar or
35



related trades or businesses, or of certain “qualified publicly-traded partnerships.” Failure to meet these requirements may result in our having to dispose of certain investments quickly in order to prevent the loss of RIC status. Because most of our investments will be in private companies, and therefore will be relatively illiquid, any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and could result in substantial losses.
If we fail to qualify for or maintain RIC tax treatment for any reason and are subject to corporate income tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution, and the amount of our distributions. Such a failure would have a material adverse effect on us, the net asset value of our Shares and the total return, if any, earned from an investment in our Shares.
We invest all or substantially all of our assets in the Master Fund, which intends to qualify as a RIC. Failure of the Master Fund to qualify will have an adverse effect on our qualification as a RIC.
We may invest in certain debt and equity investments through taxable subsidiaries and the net taxable income of these taxable subsidiaries will be subject to federal and state corporate income taxes.
We may invest in certain debt instruments and equity securities through taxable subsidiaries, and the taxable income of these taxable subsidiaries will be subject to federal and state corporate income taxes. We may invest in certain foreign debt instruments and equity securities which could be subject to foreign taxes (such as income tax, withholding and value added taxes).
We may have difficulty paying our required distributions if we recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income.
For federal income tax purposes, we may be required to recognize taxable income in circumstances in which we do not receive a corresponding payment in cash. For example, since we will likely hold debt instruments that are treated under applicable tax rules as having OID (such as debt instruments with PIK interest provisions, secondary market purchase of debt securities at discount to par, interest or, in certain cases, increasing interest rates or debt instruments that were issued with warrants), each taxable year we must include a portion of the OID that accrues over the life of such debt instruments in our taxable income, regardless of whether cash representing such income is received by us in the same taxable year. We may also have to include in our taxable income other amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as deferred loan origination fees that are paid after origination of a loan or are paid in non-cash compensation such as warrants or stock. Furthermore, we may invest in non-U.S. corporations (or other non-U.S. entities treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that could be treated under the Code and U.S. Treasury regulations as “passive foreign investment companies” and/or “controlled foreign corporations.” The rules relating to investment in these types of non-U.S. entities are designed to ensure that U.S. taxpayers are either, in effect, subject to tax currently (or on an accelerated basis with respect to corporate level events) or taxed at increased tax rates at distribution or disposition. In certain circumstances these rules could require us to recognize income where we do not receive a corresponding payment in cash.
We anticipate that a portion of our income may constitute OID or other income required to be included in taxable income prior to receipt of cash. Further, we may elect to amortize market discount with respect to debt instruments acquired in the secondary market and include such amounts in our taxable income in the current taxable year, instead of upon disposition, as an election not to do so would limit our ability to deduct interest expense for tax purposes. Because any OID or other amounts accrued will be included in our investment company taxable income for the year of the accrual, we may be required to make a distribution to our shareholders in order to satisfy the annual distribution requirement, even if we will not have received any corresponding cash amount. As a result, we may have difficulty meeting the annual distribution requirement necessary to obtain and maintain RIC tax treatment under the Code. We may have to sell some of our investments at times and/or at prices we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital, make a partial share distribution or forgo new investment opportunities for this purpose. If we are not able to obtain cash from other sources, and choose not to make a qualifying share distribution, we may fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment and thus become subject to corporate-level income tax. The resulting corporate-level taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution, as well as the amount of our distributions and, as such, could have a material adverse effect on us, the net asset value of our Shares and the total return, if any, earned from an investment in our Shares.
Portfolio investments held by the Master Fund may present special tax issues.
Investments in below-investment grade debt instruments and certain equity securities may present special tax issues for the Master Fund. U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when a taxpayer may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless debt instruments or equity securities, how payments received on debt instruments in
36



default should be allocated between principal and interest income, as well as whether exchanges of debt instruments in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. Such matters could cause the Master Fund to recognize taxable income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, even in the absence of cash or economic gain, and require the Master Fund to make taxable distributions to us in connection with maintaining its RIC tax status or precluding the imposition of either U.S. federal corporate income or excise taxation. Additionally, because such taxable income may not be matched by corresponding cash received by the Master Fund, the Master Fund may be required to borrow money or dispose of other investments to be able to make distributions to us.
Master Feeder Structure.
As we invest in the Master Fund, our realized losses on sales of shares of the Master Fund may be indefinitely or permanently deferred as "wash sales." Distributions of short-term capital gains by the Master Fund will be recognized as ordinary income by us and would not be offset by our capital loss carry-forwards, if any. Capital loss carry-forwards of the Master Fund, if any, would not offset our net capital gains.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
(a) None.
(b) None.
(c) None.

Item 5. Other Information.
None.
Item 6. Exhibits.
The exhibits required by this item are set forth in the Exhibit Index attached hereto and are filed or incorporated as part of this Report.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
GUGGENHEIM CREDIT INCOME FUND 2021
Date:November 16, 2020By:/s/ Matthew S. Bloom  
  MATTHEW S. BLOOM
 Chief Executive Officer
 (Principal Executive Officer)
Date:November 16, 2020By:/s/ Cielo M. Ordonez
  CIELO M. ORDONEZ
 Chief Financial Officer
 (Principal Financial Officer)

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The following exhibits are filed or incorporated as part of this Report.
3.1 
3.2   
3.3   
3.4 
3.5 
3.6 
4.1 
10.1   
10.2   
10.3 
10.4 
10.5 
10.6 
10.7 
10.8 
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10.9 
10.10 
10.11 
14.1 
31.1   
31.2   
32   
99 

40