UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended July 31, 2020

OR

For the transition period from                      to                     .

Commission File No. 001-36830

KALVISTA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

857-999-0075

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

n/a

Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    YES  ☐    NO  ☒

As of September 4, 2020, the registrant had 17,907,559 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, issued and outstanding.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

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KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands, unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Company Background

KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“KalVista” or the “Company”) is a clinical stage pharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of small molecule protease inhibitors for diseases with significant unmet need. The Company’s first product candidates are inhibitors of plasma kallikrein being developed for two indications: hereditary angioedema (“HAE”) and diabetic macular edema (“DME”). The Company applies its insights into the chemistry of proteases and, with current programs, the biology of the plasma kallikrein system, to develop small molecule inhibitors with high selectivity, potency and bioavailability that it believes will make them successful treatments for disease.

KalVista has created a structurally diverse portfolio of oral plasma kallikrein inhibitors and advanced multiple drug candidates into clinical trials in order to create best-in-class oral therapies for both HAE and DME. In HAE, KalVista intends to develop drug candidates for both on-demand and prophylactic use, with the goal of providing patients with a complete set of oral options to treat their disease. KalVista believes that this ability to provide products to meet the full spectrum of patient needs will be an important differentiator from other companies that are only able to address a portion of the market with oral offerings.

KVD900, the Company’s most advanced HAE drug candidate, is being developed as a potential on-demand therapy for HAE attacks. This program is currently in a Phase 2, crossover design, clinical trial intended to evaluate the safety and efficacy of KVD900 compared to placebo in treating HAE attacks. The trial has achieved its target enrollment and is expected to provide data in the fourth quarter of 2020. KVD900 has received Fast Track designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

KVD824 is KalVista’s next oral candidate, which is being developed as a prophylactic treatment for HAE. Based on preclinical and clinical work conducted, the Company believes that KVD824 can achieve the profile necessary for a twice-daily treatment for prevention of HAE attacks, which also remains an area of high unmet need. The Company continues to undertake additional studies to optimize the formulation and exposure profile, following which the Company expects to submit an Investigational New Drug Application for a Phase 2 clinical trial.

The Company’s most advanced program in DME is KVD001, an intravitreally delivered plasma kallikrein inhibitor which completed a Phase 2 trial in 2019. The Company is currently evaluating its development strategy in this indication and expects to provide further updates when appropriate.

The Company’s headquarters is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with research activities located in Porton Down, United Kingdom and Boston, Massachusetts.

COVID-19

As a result of the novel strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (“COVID-19”) pandemic, the Company has experienced and may continue to experience constrained supplies of product candidates or, with respect to the Company’s clinical trials, delays in enrollment, site initiation, participant dosing, distribution of clinical trial materials, study monitoring and data analysis, which could materially adversely impact the Company’s business, results of operations and overall financial performance in future periods. Any such delays to the Company’s planned clinical timelines for KVD900 and KVD824 could also impact the use and sufficiency of existing cash reserves, and the Company may be required to raise additional capital earlier than previously planned. The Company may be unable to raise additional capital if and when needed, which may result in further delays or suspension of our development plans. The extent to which COVID-19 may impact the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows is uncertain and will continue to be monitored closely.

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Liquidity

The Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to research and development, including clinical trials of its product candidates. The Company has not completed the development of any product candidates. Pharmaceutical drug product candidates, like those being developed by the Company, require approvals from the FDA or foreign regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that any product candidates will receive the necessary approvals and any failure to receive approval or delay in approval may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business and financial results. The Company has not yet commenced commercial operations. The Company is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties similar to those of other life science companies developing new products, including, among others, the risks related to the necessity to obtain adequate additional financing, to successfully develop product candidates, to obtain regulatory approval of product candidates, to comply with government regulations, to successfully commercialize its potential products, to the protection of proprietary technology and to the dependence on key individuals.

The Company has funded operations primarily through the issuance and sale of capital stock and the option agreement with Merck Sharpe & Dohme Corp. entered into in 2017 (the “Merck Option Agreement”). As of July 31, 2020, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $132.4 million and $64.3 million of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. To date, the Company has not generated any product sales revenues and does not have any products that have been approved for commercialization. The Company does not expect to generate significant revenue unless and until it obtains regulatory approval for, and commercializes, one of its current or future product candidates. The Company anticipates that it will continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future, and it expects those losses to increase as it continues the development of, and seeks regulatory approvals for, product candidates, and begins to commercialize any approved products. The Company is subject to all of the risks inherent in the development of new therapeutic products, and it may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect its business. The Company currently anticipates that, based upon its operating plans and existing capital resources, it has sufficient funding to operate for at least the next twelve months.

Until such time, if ever, as the Company can generate substantial revenues, it expects to finance its cash needs through a combination of equity or debt financings, collaborations, strategic partnerships and licensing arrangements. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of stock or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of existing stockholders may be diluted, and the terms of these newly issued securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of common stockholders. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include increased fixed payment obligations and covenants limiting or restricting the Company’s ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, declaring dividends, selling or licensing intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact its ability to conduct business. Additional fundraising through collaborations, strategic partnerships or licensing arrangements with third parties may require the Company to relinquish valuable rights to product candidates, including other technologies, future revenue streams or research programs, or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable. If the Company is unable to raise additional funds when needed, it may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and commercialize other product candidates even if it would otherwise prefer to develop and commercialize such product candidates internally.

Principles of Consolidation: The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. Such financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in management’s opinion, necessary to present fairly, in all material respects, the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements. There were no adjustments other than normal recurring adjustments. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending April 30, 2021, or for any other future annual or interim period. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements as of and for the year ended April 30, 2020 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on July 1, 2020.

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Segment Reporting: The chief operating decision maker, the CEO, manages the Company’s operations as a single operating segment for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions.

Net Loss per Share: Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares and the number of potential dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period. Potential dilutive common share equivalents consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of share options and awards.

Potential dilutive common share equivalents consist of:

In computing diluted earnings per share, common share equivalents are not considered in periods in which a net loss is reported, as the inclusion of the common share equivalents would be anti-dilutive. As a result, there is no difference between the Company’s basic and diluted loss per share for the periods presented.

Fair Value Measurement: The Company classifies fair value measurements using a three level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows: Level 1, quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2, observable inputs other than quoted market prices included in Level 1, such as quoted market prices for markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and Level 3, unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs. These fair values are obtained from independent pricing services which utilize Level 1 and Level 2 inputs.

The following tables summarize the cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of July 31, 2020 and April 30, 2020 (in thousands):

The objectives of the Company’s investment policy are to ensure the safety and preservation of invested funds, as well as to maintain liquidity sufficient to meet cash flow requirements. The Company invests its excess cash in securities issued by financial institutions, commercial companies, and government agencies that management believes to be of high credit quality in order to limit the amount of its credit exposure. The Company has not realized any losses from its investments.

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The Company classifies all of its debt securities as available-for-sale. Unrealized gains and losses on investments are recognized in accumulated comprehensive loss, unless an unrealized loss is considered to be other than temporary, in which case the unrealized loss is charged to operations. The Company periodically reviews its investments for other than temporary declines in fair value below cost basis and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company believes the individual unrealized losses represent temporary declines primarily resulting from interest rate changes. Realized gains and losses are included in other income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and are determined using the specific identification method with transactions recorded on a trade date basis.

The following tables summarize marketable securities held at July 31, 2020 and April 30, 2020 (in thousands):

The following table summarizes the scheduled maturity for the Company’s marketable securities at July 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Accrued expenses consisted of the following as of July 31, 2020 and April 30, 2020 (in thousands):

Clinical Studies: The Company enters into contractual agreements with contract research organizations in connection with preclinical and toxicology studies and clinical trials. Amounts due under these agreements are invoiced to the Company on predetermined schedules during the course of the studies and clinical trials and are not refundable regardless of the outcome. The Company has a contractual obligation related to the expected future costs to be incurred to complete the ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials. The remaining commitments, which have cancellation provisions, total $3.4 million at July 31, 2020.

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Indemnification: In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnification. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves future claims that may be made against the Company but have not yet been made. To date, the Company has not paid any claims or been required to defend any action related to its indemnification obligations. However, the Company may record charges in the future as a result of these indemnification obligations. No amounts associated with such indemnifications have been recorded to date.

Contingencies: From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business activities. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. There were no contingent liabilities requiring accrual at July 31, 2020.

As a result of the terms of grant income received in prior years, upon successful regulatory approval and following the first commercial sale of certain DME products, the Company will be required to pay royalty fees of up to $1.0 million within 90 days of the first commercial sale of the product subject to certain fee caps and follow on payments depending upon commercial success and type of product. Given the stage of development of the current pipeline of products it is not possible to predict with certainty the amount or timing of any such liability.

The Company has a lease agreement for approximately 2,700 square feet of space for its headquarters located in Cambridge, Massachusetts that commenced in September 2017 for a term of five years.

The Company has lease agreements for approximately 13,400 square feet of office and research laboratory space located in Porton Down, United Kingdom that run through April 2023, with an option to extend through April 2028.  

The Company is also party to several operating leases for office and laboratory space as well as certain lab equipment. Total rent expense was $200,000 and $177,000 for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively and is reflected in general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses as determined by the underlying activities.

The following table summarizes the maturity of undiscounted payments due under lease liabilities and the present value of those liabilities as of July 31, 2020 (in thousands):

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You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our unaudited interim condensed financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this report are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “could,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “predict,” “seek,” “contemplate,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements, include, but are not limited to, the success, cost and timing of our product development activities and clinical trials as well as other activities we may undertake, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, business strategy, our ability to receive, maintain and recognize the benefits of certain designations received by product candidates and the receipt and timing of potential regulatory designations, approvals and commercialization of product candidates. Any forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q reflect our current views with respect to future events or our future financial performance, are based on assumptions, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K or described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future. Unless the context indicates otherwise, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “KalVista,” “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and, where appropriate, its consolidated subsidiaries.

Management Overview

We are a clinical stage pharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of small molecule protease inhibitors for diseases with significant unmet need. Our first product candidates are inhibitors of plasma kallikrein being developed for two indications: hereditary angioedema (“HAE”) and diabetic macular edema (“DME”). We apply our insights into the chemistry of proteases and, with our current programs, the biology of the plasma kallikrein system, to develop small molecule inhibitors with high selectivity, potency and bioavailability that we believe will make them successful treatments for disease.

In HAE, we intend to develop drug candidates for both on-demand and prophylactic use, with the goal of providing patients with a complete set of oral options to treat their disease. This strategy is based upon extensive patient, physician and payer research to identify the key needs in the market. According to our market research, oral therapy remains the highest unmet need, with 93% of patients surveyed by KalVista expressing a willingness to switch to oral therapy for both on-demand and prophylactic use. Importantly however, the survey data shows that patients are not prepared to accept significantly reduced efficacy or safety with a switch to oral therapy. We have used these and other results from this research to determine our business and development strategy in this indication. We believe that our strategy of offering a full set of oral therapy options for patients will be an important differentiator from other companies that are only able to address a portion of the HAE market.

Our most advanced program for HAE is KVD900, which is being developed as a potential on-demand oral therapy for treatment of HAE attacks. KVD900 is currently in a Phase 2, crossover design, clinical trial intended to evaluate the safety and efficacy of KVD900 compared to placebo in treating HAE attacks. This trial has achieved its target enrollment of patients and is expected to provide data in the fourth quarter of 2020. During the first fiscal quarter we submitted a Pediatric Investigational Plan to the European Medicines Agency for KVD900, and we expect publication of the final decision in the fourth quarter of 2020. KVD900 has received Fast Track designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

KVD824 is our next oral product candidate intended to be developed for treatment of HAE. Based on preclinical and clinical work conducted, we believe that KVD824 can achieve the profile necessary for a twice-daily treatment for prevention of HAE attacks, which also remains an area of high unmet need. We continue to undertake additional studies to optimize the formulation and exposure profile, following which we expect to submit an Investigational New Drug Application for a Phase 2 clinical trial of KVD824 as a potential oral prophylactic treatment for HAE.

In DME, our most advanced program is KVD001, an intravitreally delivered plasma kallikrein inhibitor which completed a Phase 2 trial in 2019. We also intend to develop oral therapies for DME, which we believe would represent a substantial enhancement to the therapeutic options with this disease. We are currently evaluating our development strategy in this indication and expect to provide further updates when appropriate.

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We have devoted substantially all our efforts to research and development, including clinical trials of our product candidates. We have not completed the development of any product candidates. Pharmaceutical drug product candidates, like those being developed by us, require approvals from the FDA or foreign regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that any product candidates will receive the necessary approvals and any failure to receive approval or delay in approval may have a material adverse impact on our business and financial results. We are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties similar to those of other life science companies developing new products, including, among others, the risks related to the necessity to obtain adequate additional financing, to successfully develop product candidates, to obtain regulatory approval of product candidates, to comply with government regulations, to successfully commercialize our potential products, to the protection of proprietary technology and to our dependence on key individuals.

The extent of the impact of the novel strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (“COVID-19”) on our operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak, impact on our preclinical and clinical trials, employee or industry events, effect on our suppliers and manufacturers, and impact on the healthcare systems, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. The COVID-19 pandemic and its adverse effects continue to affect the locations where we, our manufacturers, suppliers or third-party business partners conduct business. Although we have continued our operations and clinical trials to date, we have experienced, and if there are renewed or continued closures of business in the European Union, the United States or the United Kingdom, or other impacted areas, we may continue to experience, constrained supply of our product candidates, or further delays in our preclinical studies or planned clinical trials, which could materially adversely impact our business, results of operations and overall financial performance in future periods. In addition, we may experience impact from changes in how we and companies worldwide conduct business due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including but not limited to continued restrictions on travel and in-person meetings, delays in future site activations and future enrollment of clinical trials, prioritization of hospital resources toward the COVID-19 pandemic effort, delays in review by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory agencies, and disruptions in our supply chain for our product candidates. As of the filing date of this Form 10-Q, the extent to which COVID-19 may impact our financial condition, results of operations or guidance is uncertain. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will not be fully reflected in our results of operations and overall financial performance until future periods. See “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2020, for further information of the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business.

Financial Overview

Revenue

We have not generated any revenue in the current fiscal year. Our revenue recognized in the same period of the prior fiscal year consists of upfront fees from the option agreement with Merck Sharpe & Dohme Corp. entered into in 2017 (the “Merck Option Agreement”), which was recognized as revenue using an input method of performance completed to date comparing the total effort incurred with our estimate of total effort required to perform the R&D activities. There will be no future revenue from the Merck Option Agreement as a result of its expiration in February 2020.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses primarily consist of costs associated with our research activities, including the preclinical and clinical development of product candidates. We contract with clinical research organizations to manage our clinical trials under agreed upon budgets for each study, with oversight by our clinical program managers. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Costs for certain research and development activities, such as manufacturing development activities and clinical studies are recognized based on the contracted amounts, as adjusted for the percentage of work completed to date. Payments for these activities are based on the terms of the contractual arrangements, which may differ from the pattern of costs incurred, and are reflected on the consolidated balance sheets as prepaid or accrued expenses. We defer and capitalize non-refundable advance payments made for research and development activities until the related goods are delivered or the related services are performed.

We expect to continue to incur substantial expenses related to development activities for the foreseeable future as we conduct clinical development, manufacturing and toxicology studies. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials, additional drug manufacturing requirements, and later stage toxicology studies such as carcinogenicity studies. The process of conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The probability of success for each product candidate is affected by numerous factors, including preclinical data, clinical data, competition, manufacturing capability and commercial viability. Accordingly, we may never succeed in achieving marketing approval for any of our product candidates.

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Completion dates and costs for clinical development programs as well as our research program can vary significantly for each current and future product candidate and are difficult to predict. As a result, we cannot estimate with any degree of certainty the costs associated with development of our product candidates at this point in time. We anticipate making determinations as to which programs and product candidates to pursue and how much funding to direct to each program and product candidate on an ongoing basis in response to the scientific success of early research programs, results of ongoing and future clinical trials, our ability to enter into collaborative agreements with respect to programs or potential product candidates, as well as ongoing assessments as to the commercial potential of each current or future product candidate.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of the costs associated with general management, obtaining and maintaining our patent portfolio, professional fees for accounting, auditing, consulting and legal services, and general overhead expenses.

We expect ongoing general and administrative expenses to increase in the future as we expand our operating activities, maintain and expand the patent portfolio and incur additional costs associated with the management of a public company and maintain compliance with exchange listing and SEC requirements. These potential increases will likely include management costs, legal fees, accounting fees, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance premiums, and expenses associated with investor relations, among others.

Other Income

Other income consists of interest income earned on bank interest and marketable securities, research and development tax credits from the United Kingdom government’s tax incentive programs set up to encourage research and development in the United Kingdom, and realized and unrealized exchange rate gains/losses on cash held in foreign currencies and transactions settled in foreign currencies.

Income Taxes

We historically have incurred net losses and had no corporation tax liabilities. We file U.S. Federal tax returns, as well as certain state returns. We also file returns in the United Kingdom. Under the U.K. government’s research and development tax incentive scheme, we have incurred qualifying research and development expenses and filed claims for research and development tax credits in accordance with the relevant tax legislation. The research and development tax credits are paid out to us in cash and reported as other income. Because of the operating losses and the full valuation allowance provided on all deferred tax assets, including the net operating losses, no tax provision has been recognized in the three months ended July 31, 2020.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019

The following table sets forth the key components of our results of operations for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

Revenue. No revenue was recognized in the quarter ended July 31, 2020 compared to $3.4 million recognized in the same period of the prior fiscal year. The decrease of $3.4 million was due to the expiration of the Merck Option Agreement in February 2020. No future revenue remains under the Merck Option Agreement.

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Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses increased $1.5 million due to an increase in spending on KVD900 of $2.9 million and an increase in spending on KVD824 of $0.8 million, offset by a decrease in spending on KVD001 of $1.8 million and a decrease in spending on preclinical activities of $0.4 million as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The impact of exchange rates on research and development expenses resulted in a decrease to expenses of $0.1 million in the three months ended July 31, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, which is reflected in the figures above.

Research and development expenses by major programs or categories were as follows (in thousands):

Expenses for the KVD001 program decreased primarily due to the completion of the KVD001 Phase 2 clinical trial. We anticipate that expenses will remain at a low rate as we determine next steps for the KVD001 program.

Expenses for the KVD900 program increased primarily due to the ongoing Phase 2 clinical trial as well as other non-clinical expenses for manufacturing and toxicology studies related to preparation for later stage development. We anticipate that these expenses will increase above current levels as we continue the Phase 2 trial and continue to prepare for later stage development of KVD900.

Expenses for the KVD824 program increased primarily due to an increase in manufacturing expenses. We anticipate that these expenses will increase above current levels as we conduct further activities to support later stage development of KVD824 and initiate additional clinical trials.

Expenses for preclinical activities decreased primarily due to a decrease in manufacturing expenses. We anticipate that expenses will continue at or below current levels over the near term as a result of prioritization of our clinical activities due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses remained relatively consistent as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. We anticipate that expenses will continue at or above current levels as we continue to expand to support the growth of the Company.

Other Income. Other income increased $1.4 million primarily due to an increase of $0.9 million in foreign currency exchange rate gains from transactions denominated in foreign currencies in our U.K. subsidiary and an increase of $0.8 million in income from research and development tax credits, offset by a decrease of $0.3 million in interest income, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have funded operations primarily through the issuance of capital stock. Our working capital, primarily cash and marketable securities, is anticipated to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months from the date these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

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Cash Flows

The following table shows a summary of the net cash flow activity for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

Net cash used in operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $3.6 million for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and primarily consisted of a net loss of $10.8 million adjusted for stock-based compensation of $1.2 million, an increase in the research and development tax credit receivable of $4.5 million, an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $1.3 million, and other changes in net working capital. The cash flows from the research and development tax credit increased due to the timing of the receipt of prior year tax credits offset by new tax credit deferrals as compared to the same period in the prior year. Net cash used in operating activities was $11.3 million for the three months ended July 31, 2019 and primarily consisted of a net loss of $7.3 million adjusted for stock-based compensation expense of $1.1 million, a decrease in the research and development tax credit receivable of $2.1 million, a decrease in deferred revenue of $3.4 million, and other changes in net working capital.

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

Net cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended July 31, 2020 was $5.5 million and primarily consisted of the purchases of marketable securities of $9.8 million offset by sales and maturities of marketable securities of $15.3 million, as compared to $1.5 million used in investing activities during the same period in the prior year primarily due to purchases of marketable securities of $19.7 million offset by sales and maturities of marketable securities of $18.2 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended July 31, 2020 was $46,000 and consisted of the issuance of common stock from equity incentive plans, compared to $11.4 million in the same period in the prior year which consisted of the sale of common stock pursuant to a stock sales agreement.

Operating Capital Requirements

To date, we have not generated any revenues from the sale of products, and we do not have any products that have been approved for commercialization. We do not expect to generate product revenue unless and until we obtain regulatory approval for, and commercialize, one of our current or future product candidates. We anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future, and we expect the losses to increase as we continue the development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, product candidates, and begin to commercialize any approved products. We are subject to all of the risks inherent in the development of new therapeutic products, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our business. We currently anticipate that, based upon our operating plans and existing capital resources, we have sufficient funding to operate for at least the next 12 months.

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Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial revenues, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of equity and debt financings, collaborations, strategic partnerships and licensing arrangements. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of stock or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these newly issued securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of common stockholders. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include increased fixed payment obligations and covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, declaring dividends, selling or licensing intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct business. Additional fundraising through collaborations, strategic partnerships or licensing arrangements with third parties may require us to relinquish valuable rights to product candidates, including our other technologies, future revenue streams or research programs, or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and commercialize other product candidates even if we would otherwise prefer to develop and commercialize such product candidates internally.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

We enter into contracts in the normal course of business with contract research organizations and clinical trial sites for the conduct of clinical trials, preclinical and clinical studies, professional consultants and other vendors for clinical supply manufacturing or other services. These contracts generally provide for termination on notice, and therefore are cancelable contracts and not included in the table of contractual obligations and commitments in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020, filed with the SEC on July 1, 2020. We are party to several operating leases for office and laboratory space as of July 31, 2020.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

At July 31, 2020 we were not a party to any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements and the reported revenue and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events, contractual milestones and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. See Note 2 to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of our significant accounting policies and assumptions used in applying those policies. The accounting policies and estimates that we deem to be critical are discussed in more detail in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020, filed with the SEC on July 1, 2020.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Not applicable.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information under this item.

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Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of July 31, 2020. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute assurance of achieving the desired objectives. Also, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of July 31, 2020.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended July 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, even though most of our employees are working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 pandemic on our internal controls to minimize the impact on the operating effectiveness.   

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PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.  

There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in the section captioned “Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020.

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in the section captioned “Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020 filed with the SEC on July 1, 2020, which may materially affect our business, financial condition, or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

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# This certification is deemed not filed for purpose of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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