US Alliance Corp - FORM 10-Q

Attached files

file	filename
EX-32.2 - EXHIBIT 32.2 - US Alliance Corp	ex_197444.htm
EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - US Alliance Corp	ex_197443.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - US Alliance Corp	ex_197442.htm
EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - US Alliance Corp	ex_197441.htm

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020.

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________________________ to _________________________________

Commission File Number: 000-55627

US ALLIANCE CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

KANSAS	26-4824142
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4123 SW Gage Center Drive, Suite 240, Topeka, Kansas	66604
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(785) 228-0200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☑

Emerging growth company

☑

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicated by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Common stock, $0.10 par value

7,741,272 shares outstanding

as of August 4, 2020

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
N/a	N/A	N/A

Table of Contents

US ALLIANCE CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I - Financial Information

Item	Item Description	Page
Item 1	Financial Statements	3

	Consolidated Balance Sheets	3

	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	4

	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity	5

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8

Item 2	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21

Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	33

Item 4	Controls and Procedures	34

Part II - Other Information

Item	Item Description	Page
Item 1	Legal Proceedings	34

Item 1A	Risk Factors	34

Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	34

Item 3	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	34

Item 4	Mine Safety Disclosures	34

Item 5	Other Information	34

Item 6	Exhibits	35

	Signatures	36

Table of Contents

1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

US Alliance Corporation

Consolidated Balance Sheets

	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
		(unaudited)
Assets
Investments:
Available for sale fixed maturity securities (amortized cost: $32,635,261 and $30,823,397 as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)	$	36,152,521		$	33,152,892
Mortgage loans on real estate		962,690			-
Equity securities, at fair value		9,141,500			10,141,503
Funds withheld under coinsurance agreement, at fair value		41,294,491			-
Policy loans		154,088			118,930
Total investments		87,705,290			43,413,325

Cash and cash equivalents		7,376,813			6,678,805
Investment income due and accrued		370,326			321,362
Reinsurance related assets		922,104			188,382
Deferred acquisition costs, net		8,310,532			2,652,674
Value of business acquired, net		549,843			559,994
Property, equipment and software, net		38,722			43,841
Goodwill		277,542			277,542
Deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance		431,158			431,158
Other assets		890,771			372,166
Total assets	$	106,873,101		$	54,939,249


Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Liabilities:
Policy liabilities
Deposit-type contracts	$	70,647,008		$	19,396,614
Policyholder benefit reserves		18,976,406			17,326,524
Dividend accumulation		114,290			123,038
Advance premiums		80,727			78,709
Total policy liabilities		89,818,431			36,924,885

Accounts payable and accrued expenses		148,434			122,981
Federal Home Loan Bank advance		2,000,000			1,000,000
Other liabilities		20,464			15,186
Total liabilities		91,987,329			38,063,052

Shareholders' Equity:
Common stock, $0.10 par value. Authorized 20,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 7,741,229 and 7,734,004 shares as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		774,124			773,401
Additional paid-in capital		23,161,098			23,210,257
Accumulated deficit		(12,566,699	)		(9,436,956	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		3,517,249			2,329,495
Total shareholders' equity		14,885,772			16,876,197

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	106,873,101		$	54,939,249

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

	Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019		2020			2019
	(unaudited)					(unaudited)
Income:
Premium income	$	5,083,778		$	4,920,690	$	2,368,017		$	2,527,714
Net investment income		1,256,011			861,038		741,303			451,106
Net investment gains (losses)		(1,359,105	)		831,289		11,656			104,086
Other income		27,708			25,058		14,052			12,259
Total income		5,008,392			6,638,075		3,135,028			3,095,165

Expenses:
Death claims		922,656			724,316		440,944			328,649
Policyholder benefits		2,647,705			2,305,295		1,398,622			1,168,467
Increase in policyholder reserves		1,612,693			1,437,658		689,445			757,098
Commissions, net of deferrals		371,570			413,599		164,614			194,064
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs		747,372			180,727		172,162			117,825
Amortization of value of business acquired		10,151			10,152		5,075			5,076
Salaries & benefits		517,085			502,727		253,880			250,895
Other operating expenses		1,308,903			722,515		436,658			307,873
Total expense		8,138,135			6,296,989		3,561,400			3,129,947


Net income (loss)	$	(3,129,743	)	$	341,086	$	(426,372	)	$	(34,782	)

Net income (loss) per common share, basic and diluted	$	(0.40	)	$	0.04	$	(0.06	)	$	-

Unrealized net holding gains arising during the period		1,247,443			2,573,315		2,910,478			1,327,537
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net loss		(59,689	)		14,528		(17,693	)		14,528

Other comprehensive income		1,187,754			2,587,843		2,892,785			1,342,065

Comprehensive income (loss)	$	(1,941,989	)	$	2,928,929	$	2,466,814		$	1,307,283

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity

Six Months and Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited)

								Accumulated
	Number of							Other
	Shares of		Common		Additional			Comprehensive			Accumulated
	Common Stock		Stock		Paid-in Capital			Income / (Loss)			Deficit			Total
Balance, December 31, 2018		7,650,551	$	765,056	$	22,989,443		$	(2,184,429	)	$	(8,937,404	)	$	12,632,666
Common stock issued, $7 per share		56,539		5,654		390,119			-			-			395,773
Costs associated with common stock issued		-		-		(237,870	)		-			-			(237,870	)
Cumulative effect, adoption of accounting guidance for equity sercurities		-		-		-			1,098,760			(1,098,760	)		-
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-			2,587,843			-			2,587,843
Net income		-		-		-			-			341,086			341,086
Balance, June 30, 2019		7,707,090	$	770,710	$	23,141,692		$	1,502,174		$	(9,695,078	)	$	15,719,498

Balance, December 31, 2019		7,734,004	$	773,401	$	23,210,257		$	2,329,495		$	(9,436,956	)	$	16,876,197
Common stock issued, $7 per share		7,225		723		49,852			-			-			50,575
Costs associated with common stock issued		-		-		(99,011	)		-			-			(99,011	)
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-			1,187,754			-			1,187,754
Net loss		-		-		-			-			(3,129,743	)		(3,129,743	)
Balance, June 30, 2020		7,741,229	$	774,124	$	23,161,098		$	3,517,249		$	(12,566,699	)	$	14,885,772

								Accumulated
	Number of							Other
	Shares of		Common		Additional			Comprehensive		Accumulated
	Common Stock		Stock		Paid-in Capital			Income		Deficit			Total
Balance, March 31, 2019		7,693,408	$	769,342	$	23,142,047		$	160,109	$	(9,660,296	)	$	14,411,202
Common stock issued, $7 per share		13,682		1,368		94,406			-		-			95,774
Costs associated with common stock issued		-		-		(94,761	)		-		-			(94,761	)
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-			1,342,065		-			1,342,065
Net loss		-		-		-			-		(34,782	)		(34,782	)
Balance, June 30, 2019		7,707,090	$	770,710	$	23,141,692		$	1,502,174	$	(9,695,078	)	$	15,719,498

Balance, March 31, 2020		7,740,700	$	774,071	$	23,204,894		$	624,464	$	(12,140,327	)	$	12,463,102
Common stock issued, $7 per share		529		53		3,650			-		-			3,703
Costs associated with common stock issued		-		-		(47,446	)		-		-			(47,446	)
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-			2,892,785		-			2,892,785
Net loss		-		-		-			-		(426,372	)		(426,372	)
Balance, June 30, 2020		7,741,229	$	774,124	$	23,161,098		$	3,517,249	$	(12,566,699	)	$	14,885,772

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
	(unaudited)
Cash Flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(3,129,743	)	$	341,086
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		5,119			5,118
Net realized losses on the sale of securities		224,878			14,528
Unrealized (gains) losses on equity securities		497,194			(845,817	)
Change in fair value of funds withheld embedded derivative		637,033			-
Amortization of investment securities, net		75,873			17,055
Deferred acquisition costs capitalized		(511,691	)		(176,056	)
Deferred acquisition costs amortized		747,373			180,727
Value of business acquired amortized		10,151			10,152
Interest credited on deposit type contracts		479,157			328,583
(Increase) decrease in operating assets:
Change in funds withheld		(170,516	)		-
Investment income due and accrued		(48,964	)		1,237
Reinsurance related assets		(50,475	)		(19,513	)
Other assets		196,689			(10,830	)
Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities:
Policyowner benefit reserves		1,649,882			1,474,338
Dividend accumulation		(8,748	)		(8,180	)
Advance premiums		2,018			16,590
Other liabilities		5,278			(14,533	)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		25,453			(143,134	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		635,961			1,171,351


Cash Flows from investing activities:
Purchase of fixed income investments		(2,028,449	)		(984,288	)
Purchase of equity investments		(4,186,434	)		(179,039	)
Purchase of mortgage investments		(962,632	)		-
Proceeds from fixed income sales and repayments		1,619,318			393,163
Proceeds from equity sales and repayments		2,985,691			268,101
Transferred to funds withheld		(2,334,966	)		-
Interest on policy loans		(5,199	)		(723	)
Increase (decrease) in policy loans		(29,959	)		179
Net cash used in investing activities		(4,942,630	)		(502,607	)

Cash Flows from financing activities:
Receipts on deposit-type contracts		5,019,037			1,921,482
Withdrawals on deposit-type contracts		(965,923	)		(882,725	)
Proceeds from FHLB advance		1,000,000			-
Proceeds received from issuance of common stock, net of costs of issuance		(48,437	)		157,903
Net cash provided by financing activities		5,004,677			1,196,660

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		698,008			1,865,404

Cash and cash equivalents:
Beginning		6,678,805			2,077,646
Ending	$	7,376,813		$	3,943,050

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Supplemental Cash Flow Information (unaudited)

	Six Months Ended
	2020		2019
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Information
Funds withheld assumed deposits on deposit-type contracts	$	46,763,118	$	-
Funds withheld assumed withdrawals on deposit-type contracts		44,995		-
Commissions and expense allowances deducted from funds withheld		6,608,834		-

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Note 1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of business: US Alliance Corporation ("USAC") was formed as a Kansas corporation on April 24, 2009 to raise capital to form a new Kansas-based life insurance company. Our offices are located at 4123 SW Gage Center Drive, Suite 240, Topeka, Kansas 66604. Our telephone number is 785-228-0200 and our website address is www.usalliancecorporation.com.

USAC has five direct and indirect wholly-owned operating subsidiaries . US Alliance Life and Security Company ("USALSC") was formed June 9, 2011, to serve as our life insurance company. US Alliance Marketing Corporation ("USAMC") was formed April 23, 2012, to serve as a marketing resource. US Alliance Investment Corporation ("USAIC") was formed April 23, 2012 to serve as investment manager for USAC. Dakota Capital Life Insurance Company (“DCLIC”) was acquired on August 1, 2017 when USAC merged with Northern Plains Capital Corporation (“NPCC”). US Alliance Life and Security Company - Montana ("USALSC-Montana") was acquired December 14, 2018. Both DCLIC and USALSC-Montana are wholly-owned subsidiaries of USALSC. Unless the context otherwise indicates, references in this report to "we," "us," "our," or the "Company" refer collectively to USAC and its subsidiaries.

USAC terminated its initial public offering on February 24, 2013. During the balance of 2013, the Company achieved approval of an array of life insurance and annuity products, began development of various distribution channels and commenced insurance operations and product sales. The Company sold its first insurance product on May 1, 2013. The Company continued to expand its product offerings and distribution channels throughout 2014 and 2015. On February 24, 2015, USAC commenced a warrant exercise offering set to expire on February 24, 2016. On February 24, 2016, USAC extended the offering until February 24, 2017 and made additional shares available for purchase. All outstanding warrants expired on April 1, 2016. USAC has extended this offering to February 24, 2021. During the 4th quarter of 2017, USAC began a private placement offering to accredited investors in the state of North Dakota.

USALSC and DCLIC seek opportunities to develop and market additional products.

Our business model also anticipates the acquisition by USAC and/or USALSC of other insurance and insurance related companies, including third-party administrators, marketing organizations, and rights to other blocks of insurance business through reinsurance or other transactions.

Basis of presentation: The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting primarily of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods have been included.

The results of operation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ended December 31, 2020 or for any other interim period or for any other future year. Certain financial information which is normally included in notes to financial statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP, but which are not required for interim reporting purposes, has been condensed or omitted. The accompanying financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in USAC’s report on Form 10-K and amendments thereto for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Principles of consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of USAC and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated from the consolidated financial statements.

Area of Operation: USALSC is authorized to operate in the states of Kansas, North Dakota, Missouri, Nebraska and Oklahoma. DCLIC is authorized to operate in the states of North Dakota and South Dakota. USALSC-Montana is authorized to operate in the state of Montana

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Reclassifications: Certain reclassifications of a minor nature have been made to prior-year balances to conform to current-year presentation with no net impact to net loss/income or equity.

Common stock and income (loss) per share: The par value for common stock is $0.10 per share with 20,000,000 shares authorized. As of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, USAC had 7,741,229 and 7,734,004 common shares issued and outstanding, respectively.

Earnings (loss) per share attributable to USAC’s common stockholders were computed based on the net loss and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each year. The weighted average number of shares outstanding during the quarters ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were 7,740,876 and 7,697,969 shares, respectively. The weighted average number of shares outstanding during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were 7,737,418 and 7,673,690 shares, respectively. Potential common shares are excluded from the computation when their effect is anti-dilutive. Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share is the same for the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

New accounting pronouncements

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued updated guidance to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue. While insurance contracts are not within the scope of this updated guidance, the Company's fee income related to providing services will be subject to this updated guidance. The updated guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue as performance obligations are met, in order to reflect the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity is entitled to receive for those goods or services.

The following steps are applied in the updated guidance: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (5) recognize revenue when, or as, the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date of the updated guidance on revenue recognition by one year to the quarter ending March 31, 2018. As an emerging growth company, the Company chose to defer implementation of this accounting standard until the year ending December 31, 2019. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s result of operations, financial position or liquidity.

Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

In January 2016, the FASB issued updated guidance regarding financial instruments. This guidance intends to enhance reporting for financial instruments and addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. The significant amendments in this update generally require equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, require the use of an exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes and clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities. This guidance also intends to enhance the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. It also amends certain disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments.

This guidance was effective for the Company for the year ended December 31, 2019 and required a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings to be recorded for equity investments with readily determinable fair values. As of the adoption date, the Company held publicly traded equity investments with a fair value of $ 10,987,539 million in a net unrealized gain position of $ 1,098,760 million. The Company has recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment of $ 1,098,760 to decrease Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI) with a corresponding increase to accumulated deficit for unrealized gains as of the beginning of fiscal year 2019. As a result of the implementation of ASU 2016-01, unrealized gains and losses in equity investments with readily determinable fair values are recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) within net investment gains (losses). The Company recorded a gain in net investment gains (losses) of $1.1 million for year ended December 31, 2019 as a result of adopting this standard. The implementation of this guidance is expected to increase volatility in our net income as the volatility previously recorded in Comprehensive Income (OCI) related to changes in the fair market value of available-for-sale equity investments will now be reflected in net income effective with the adoption date.

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued updated guidance to require lessees to recognize a right-to-use asset and a lease liability for leases with terms of more than 12 months. The updated guidance retains the two classifications of a lease as either an operating or finance lease (previously referred to as a capital lease). Both lease classifications require the lessee to record the right-to-use asset and the lease liability based upon the present value of cash flows. Finance leases will reflect the financial arrangement by recognizing interest expense on the lease liability separately from the amortization expense of the right-to-use asset. Operating leases will recognize lease expense (with no separate recognition of interest expense) on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The accounting by lessors is not significantly changed by the updated guidance. The updated guidance requires expanded qualitative and quantitative disclosures, including additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements.

The updated guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and will require that the earliest comparative period presented include the measurement and recognition of existing leases with an adjustment to equity as if the updated guidance had always been applied. Early adoption is permitted. As an emerging growth company, the Company has elected to defer implementation of this standard to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments

In June 2016, the FASB issued updated guidance for the accounting for credit losses for financial instruments. The updated guidance applies a new credit loss model (current expected credit losses or CECL) for determining credit-related impairments for financial instruments measured at amortized cost (e.g. reinsurance recoverables) and requires an entity to estimate the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure or pool of exposures. The estimate of expected credit losses should consider historical information, current information, as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts, including estimates of prepayments. The expected credit losses, and subsequent adjustments to such losses, will be recorded through an allowance account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset, with the net carrying value of the financial asset presented on the consolidated balance sheet at the amount expected to be collected.

The updated guidance also amends the current other-than-temporary impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities by requiring the recognition of impairments relating to credit losses through an allowance account and limits the amount of credit loss to the difference between a security’s amortized cost basis and its fair value. In addition, the length of time a security has been in an unrealized loss position will no longer impact the determination of whether a credit loss exists.

The updated guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. As an emerging growth company, the Company has elected to defer implementation of this standard to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company will not be able to determine the impact that the updated guidance will have on its results of operations, financial position or liquidity until the updated guidance is adopted.

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payment

In August 2016, the FASB issued new guidance that clarifies the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows under eight different scenarios including, but not limited to: (i) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; (ii) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies including bank-owned life insurance policies; (iii) distributions received from equity method investees; and (iv) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. As an emerging growth company, the Company has elected to defer implementation of this standard to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The implementation of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s statement of cash flows.

Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. federal government enacted a tax bill, H.R.1, An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018 (Tax Cuts and Jobs Act). In February 2018, FASB issued guidance to address certain issues related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. This new guidance allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Consequently, the amendments eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12 “Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts.” ASU 2018-12 requires periodic reassessment of actuarial and discount rate assumptions used in the valuation of policyholder liabilities and deferred acquisition costs arising from the issuance of long-duration insurance and reinsurance contracts, with the effects of the changes in cash flow assumptions reflected in earnings and the effects of changes in discount rate assumptions reflected in other comprehensive income. Under current accounting guidance, the actuarial and discount rate assumptions are set at the contract inception date and not subsequently changed, except in limited circumstances. ASU 2018-12 also requires new disclosures and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the effect this standard will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Fair Value Measurement

This guidance is part of the FASB’s disclosure framework project and eliminates certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurement, requires entities to disclose new information and modifies existing disclosure requirements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

All other new accounting standards and updates of existing standards issued through the date of this filing were considered by management and did not relate to accounting policies and procedures pertinent or material to the Company at this time.

The Company’s significant account policies are discussed in Note 1 “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies” of the 2019 Annual Report. The significant accounting policies below reflect the impact of new transactions involving funds withheld under a coinsurance agreement and the issuance of mortgage loans.

Funds Withheld under Coinsurance Agreement: Funds withheld under coinsurance agreement represent amounts contractually withheld by a ceding company in accordance with a reinsurance agreement entered into in 2020. For agreements written on a coinsurance funds withheld basis, assets that support the net statutory reserves or as defined by the treaty, are withheld and legally owned by the ceding company. Interest is recorded in net investment income, net of related expenses, in the consolidated statements of income (loss). Funds withheld under coinsurance agreement are presented net of the embedded derivative, discussed below.

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Embedded Derivatives: The Company has entered into coinsurance funds withheld arrangement which contains an embedded derivative. Under ASC 815, the Company assesses whether the embedded derivative is clearly and closely related to the host contract. The Company bifurcates embedded derivatives from the host instrument for measurement purposes when the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract and a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument. Embedded derivatives, which are reported with the host instrument on the consolidated balance sheets in funds withheld under coinsurance agreement, are reported at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) in net investment gains (losses).

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate: Mortgage loans on real estate are carried at unpaid principal balances, net of any unamortized premium or discount and valuation allowances. Interest income is accrued on the principal amount of the mortgage loans based on its contractual interest rate. Amortization of premiums and discounts is recorded using the effective yield method. The Company accrues interest on loans until probable the Company will not receive interest or the loan is 90 days past due. Interest income, amortization of premiums, accretion of discounts and prepayment fees are reported in investment income, net of related expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

A mortgage loan is considered to be impaired when, based on the current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the mortgage agreement.

Valuation allowances on mortgage loans are established based upon inherent losses expected by management to be realized in connection with future dispositions or settlement of mortgage loans, including foreclosures. The Company establishes valuation allowances for estimated impairments on an individual loan basis as of the balance sheet date. Such valuation allowances are based on the excess carrying value of the loan over the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate, the value of the loan’s collateral if the loan is in the process of foreclosure or is otherwise collateral-dependent, or the loan’s market value if the loan is being sold. These evaluations are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available. In addition to historical experience, management considers qualitative factors that include the impact of changing macro-economic conditions, which may not be currently reflected in the loan portfolio performance, and the quality of the loan portfolio.

Any interest accrued or received on the net carrying amount of the impaired loan will be included in investment income or applied to the principal of the loan, depending on the assessment of the collectibility of the loan. Mortgage loans deemed to be uncollectible or that have been foreclosed are charged off against the valuation allowances and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the valuation allowances. Changes in valuation allowances are reported in investment related gains (losses), net on the consolidated statements of income (loss).

The Company evaluates whether a mortgage loan modification represents a troubled debt restructuring. In a troubled debt restructuring, the Company grants concessions related to the borrower’s financial difficulties. Generally, the types of concessions include: reduction of the contractual interest rate, extension of the maturity date at an interest rate lower than current market interest rates and/or a reduction of accrued interest. The Company considers the amount, timing and extent of the concession granted in determining any impairment or changes in the specific valuation allowance recorded in connection with the troubled debt restructuring. Through the continuous monitoring process, the Company may have recorded a specific valuation allowance prior to when the mortgage loan is modified in a troubled debt restructuring. Accordingly, the carrying value (after specific valuation allowance) before and after modification through a troubled debt restructuring may not change significantly, or may increase if the expected recovery is higher than the pre-modification recovery assessment.

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Note 2. Investments

Fixed Maturities

The amortized cost and fair value of available for sale investments as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 is as follows:

June 30, 2020

Cost or

Gross

Amortized

Unrealized

Cost

Gains

Losses

Fair Value

(unaudited)

Available for sale:

Fixed maturities:

US Treasury securities

573,039

101,726

674,765

Corporate bonds

19,240,984

2,816,255

(182,565

)

21,874,674

Municipal bonds

5,959,395

872,610

6,832,005

Redeemable preferred stock

3,213,953

4,224

(159,884

)

3,058,293

Mortgage backed and asset backed securities

3,647,890

81,386

(16,492

)

3,712,784

Total available for sale

32,635,261

3,876,201

(358,941

)

36,152,521

December 31, 2019

Cost or

Gross

Amortized

Unrealized

Cost

Gains

Losses

Fair Value

Available for sale:

Fixed maturities:

US Treasury securities

608,477

24,162

632,639

Corporate bonds

18,407,211

1,697,265

(20,079

)

20,084,397

Municipal bonds

6,538,883

518,059

(1,883

)

7,055,059

Redeemable preferred stock

2,097,206

36,687

2,133,893

Mortgage backed and asset backed securities

3,171,620

77,593

(2,309

)

3,246,904

Total available for sale

30,823,397

2,353,766

(24,271

)

33,152,892

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, by contractual maturity, are shown in the following table. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

	As of June 30, 2020				As of December 31, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(unaudited)
Amounts maturing in:
One year or less	$	-	$	-	$	99,987	$	100,239
After one year through five years		1,623,810		1,726,647		1,424,337		1,471,552
After five years through ten years		3,087,409		3,570,764		3,286,937		3,574,191
More than 10 years		21,062,199		24,084,033		20,743,310		22,626,113
Redeemable preferred stocks		3,213,953		3,058,293		2,097,206		2,133,893
Mortgage backed and asset backed securities		3,647,890		3,712,784		3,171,620		3,246,904
Total amortized cost and fair value	$	32,635,261	$	36,152,521	$	30,823,397	$	33,152,892

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Proceeds from the sale of securities, maturities, and asset paydowns for the first six months of 2020 and 2019 were $4,605,009 and $661,264 respectively. Realized gains and losses related to the sale of securities are summarized below:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	(unaudited)
	2020			2019
Gross gains	$	64,907		$	3,951
Gross losses		(289,785	)		(18,479	)
Net security losses	$	(224,878	)	$	(14,528	)

Proceeds from the sale of securities, maturities, and asset paydowns for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were $1,115,733 and $608,682 respectively. Realized gains and losses related to the sale of securities are summarized below:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	(unaudited)
	2020			2019
Gross gains	$	20,612		$	3,951
Gross losses		(26,537	)		(18,479	)
Net security losses	$	(5,925	)	$	(14,528	)

Gross unrealized losses by duration for available for sale securities are summarized as follows:

Less than 12 months

Greater than 12 months

Total

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Value

Loss

Value

Loss

Value

Loss

June 30, 2020

(unaudited)

Available for sale:

Fixed maturities:

Corporate bonds

1,731,912

(182,565

)

1,731,912

(182,565

)

Redeemable preferred stock

2,779,058

(159,884

)

2,779,058

(159,884

)

Mortgage backed and asset backed securities

457,526

(16,492

)

457,526

(16,492

)

Total fixed maturities

4,968,496

(358,941

)

4,968,496

(358,941

)

Less than 12 months

Greater than 12 months

Total

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Value

Loss

Value

Loss

Value

Loss

December 31, 2019

Available for sale:

Fixed maturities:

Corporate bonds

967,848

(20,079

)

967,848

(20,079

)

Municipal bonds

46,646

(1,883

)

46,646

(1,883

)

Mortgage backed and asset backed securities

296,576

(2,309

)

296,576

(2,309

)

Total fixed maturities

1,014,494

(21,962

)

296,576

(2,309

)

1,311,070

(24,271

)

Unrealized losses occur from market price declines that may be due to a number of factors, including economic downturns, changes in interest rates, competitive forces within an industry, issuer specific events, operational difficulties, lawsuits, and market pricing anomalies caused by factors such as temporary lack of liquidity.

The total number of available for sale securities in the investment portfolio in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2020 was 24, which represented an unrealized loss of $358,941 of the aggregate carrying value of those securities. The 24 securities breakdown as follows: 8 bonds, 7 mortgage and asset backed securities, and 9 preferred stocks. The Company determined that no securities were considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Mortgage loans on Real Estate

The Company’s mortgage loans by property type as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are summarized as follows:

	June 30,2020		December 31, 2019
	(unaudited)
Commerical mortgage loans by property type
Student housing	$	786,736	$	-
Multi-family		175,954		-
Total commerical mortgages	$	962,690	$	-

The Company’s mortgage loans by loan-to-value ratio as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are summarized as follows:

	June 30,2020		December 31, 2019
	(unaudited)
Loan to value ratio
Over 20 to 30%	$	175,954	$	-
Over 10 to 20%		786,736		-
Total	$	962,690	$	-

The Company’s mortgage loans by maturity date as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are summarized as follows:

	June 30,2020		December 31, 2019
	(unaudited)
Maturity Date
One year or less	$	962,690	$	-

Investment Income, Net of Expenses

The components of net investment income for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
	(unaudited)
Fixed maturities	$	617,418		$	585,033
Mortgages		5,851			-
Equity securities		289,450			285,076
Funds withheld		364,033			-
Cash and cash equivalents		11,376			13,978
		1,288,128			884,087
Less investment expenses		(32,117	)		(23,049	)
	$	1,256,011		$	861,038

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

The components of net investment income for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
	(unaudited)
Fixed maturities	$	309,943		$	282,739
Mortgages		5,851		$	-
Equity securities		139,261			170,491
Funds withheld		304,778			-
Cash and cash equivalents		2,064			9,779
		761,897			463,009
Less investment expenses		(20,594	)		(11,903	)
	$	741,303		$	451,106

Note 3. Derivative Instruments

Accounting for Derivative Instruments

See Note 1 for a detailed description of the accounting treatment for derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives.

Types of Derivatives used by the Company

The Company’s derivatives consists solely of embedded derivatives on funds withheld on coinsurance assets.

Summary of Derivative Positions

The fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2020 is as follows:

June 30, 2020

December 31, 2019

(unaudited)

Derivative

Balance

Asset

Liability

Asset

Liability

Reported In

Derivatives:

Embedded derivatives:

Funds withheld embedded derivative

637,033

Funds withheld

The following table shows the change in the fair value of the derivative financial instruments in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income:

	Period Ending			Period Ending		Balance
	June 30,2020			June 30,2019		Reported In
	(unaudited)			(unaudited)
Derivatives:
Embedded derivatives:
Change in funds withheld embedded derivative	$	(637,033	)	$	-	Net investment gains (losses)

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Note 4. Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of an asset or liability is the price that would be received to sell that asset or paid to transfer that liability in an orderly transaction occurring in the principal market (or most advantageous market in the absence of a principal market) for such asset or liability. In estimating fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach. Such valuation techniques are consistently applied. Inputs to valuation techniques include the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The Company uses a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

●

Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement rate.

●

Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

●

Level 3 inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability and reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

Investments, available for sale: Fair values of available for sale fixed maturity securities are provided by a third party pricing service. The pricing service uses a variety of sources to determine fair value of securities. The Company’s fixed maturity securities are highly liquid, which allows for a high percentage of the portfolio to be priced through pricing sources.

Equity securities: Fair values for equity securities are also provided by a third party pricing service and are derived from active trading on national market exchanges.

Embedded derivative: The fair value of embedded derivatives associated with funds withheld reinsurance treaty is determined upon a total return swap technique with reference to the fair value of the investments held by the ceding company that support the Company's fund withheld asset with an adjustment for a credit valuation adjustment. The fair value of the underlying assets is generally based upon market observable inputs using industry standard valuation techniques. The valuation also requires certain significant inputs, which are generally not observable and accordingly, the valuation is considered level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Since the embedded derivative is in a liability position there is no credit valuation adjustment at June 30, 2020.

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

The following table presents the amounts of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

June 30, 2020

Total

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

(unaudited)

Fixed maturities:

US Treasury securities

674,765

Corporate bonds

21,874,674

21,683,074

191,600

Municipal bonds

6,832,005

Redeemable preferred stock

3,058,293

Mortgage backed and asset backed securities

3,712,784

Total fixed maturities

36,152,521

674,765

35,286,156

191,600

Equities:

Common stock

7,162,008

7,071,608

90,400

Preferred stock

1,979,492

Total equities

9,141,500

7,071,608

2,069,892

Funds withheld embedded derivative

(637,033

)

(637,033

)

Total

44,656,988

7,746,373

37,356,048

(445,433

)

December 31, 2019

Total

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Available for sale:

Fixed maturities:

US Treasury securities

632,639

Corporate bonds

20,084,397

19,892,797

191,600

Municipal bonds

7,055,059

Redeemable preferred stock

2,133,893

Mortgage backed and asset backed securities

3,246,904

Total fixed maturities

33,152,892

632,639

32,328,653

191,600

Equities:

Common stock

9,214,694

9,169,694

45,000

Preferred stock

926,809

Total equities

10,141,503

9,169,694

971,809

Total

43,294,395

9,802,333

33,300,462

191,600

The reconciliations for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) are as follows:

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020	Corporate		Funds
	Bonds		Withheld
Fair value, beginnig of period	$	191,600	$	-
Investment related gains (losses), net		-		(637,033	)
Fair value, end of period	$	191,600	$	(637,033	)

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020	Corporate		Funds
	Bonds		Withheld
Fair value, beginnig of period	$	191,600	$	-
Investment related gains (losses), net		-		(637,033	)
Fair value, end of period	$	191,600	$	(637,033	)

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

The Company discloses the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis are discussed above. The estimated fair value approximates carrying value for accrued interest. The methodologies for other financial assets and financial liabilities are discussed below:

Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.

Investment income due and accrued: The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.

Funds withheld: The carrying value of funds withheld at interest approximates fair value as funds are specifically identified in the agreement. The fair value of the specified funds is based on the fair value of the underlying assets that are held by the ceding company. The ceding company uses a variety of sources and pricing methodologies, which are not transparent to the Company and may include significant unobservable inputs to value the securities held in distinct portfolios, therefore the valuation of these funds withheld assets are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Policy loans: Policy loans are stated at unpaid principal balances. As these loans are fully collateralized by the cash surrender value of the underlying insurance policies, the carrying value of the policy loans approximates their fair value.

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances: FHLB advances are stated at the outstanding principal balances and the carrying value approximates fair value.

Policyholder deposits in deposit-type contracts: The fair value for policyholder deposits in deposit-type insurance contracts (accumulation annuities) is calculated using a discounted cash flow approach. Cash flows are projected using actuarial assumptions and discounted to the valuation date using risk-free rates adjusted for credit risk and the nonperformance risk of the liabilities.

The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows:

	June 30, 2020
	(unaudited)
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7,376,813	$	7,376,813	$	7,376,813	$	-	$	-
Investment income due and accrued		370,326		370,326		-		370,326		-
Funds withheld		41,931,524		41,294,491		-		-		41,294,491
Policy loans		154,088		154,088		-		-		154,088
Total Financial Assets (excluding available for sale investments)	$	49,832,751	$	49,195,718	$	7,376,813	$	370,326	$	41,448,579

Financial Liabilities:
Federal Home Loan Bank advance	$	2,000,000	$	2,000,000	$	-	$	-	$	2,000,000
Policyholder deposits in deposit-type contracts		70,647,008		73,033,465		-		-		73,033,465
Total Financial Liabilities	$	72,647,008	$	75,033,465	$	-	$	-	$	75,033,465

	December 31, 2019

	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	6,678,805	$	6,678,805	$	6,678,805	$	-	$	-
Investment income due and accrued		321,362		321,362		-		321,362		-
Policy loans		118,930		118,930		-		-		118,930
Total Financial Assets (excluding available for sale investments)	$	7,119,097	$	7,119,097	$	6,678,805	$	321,362	$	118,930

Financial Liabilities:
Federal Home Loan Bank advance	$	1,000,000	$	1,000,000	$	-	$	-	$	1,000,000
Policyholder deposits in deposit-type contracts		19,396,614		19,186,265		-		-		19,186,265
Total Financial Liabilities	$	20,396,614	$	20,186,265	$	-	$	-	$	20,186,265

Table of Contents

US Alliance Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Note 5. Income Tax Provision

No income tax expense or (benefit) has been reflected for the quarters ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 due to the lack of taxable net income generated by the Company and a change in the valuation allowance pertaining to the deferred tax asset. The difference between the reported amount of income tax expense and the amount expected based upon statutory rates is primarily due to the increase in the valuation allowance on deferred taxes.

The net operating loss carryforwards for the Company are $12,965,591 and $12,567,367 as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities due to book and tax differences are the following: fixed asset depreciation, net operating loss carryforward, net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities, policyowner benefit reserves and deferred acquisition costs. The deferred tax asset net of valuation allowance is $431,158 as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Note 6. Subsequent Events

All of the effects of subsequent events that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the balance sheet date, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing the consolidated financial statements, are recognized in the consolidated financial statements. The Company does not recognize subsequent events that provide evidence about conditions that did not exist at the balance sheet date but arose after, but before the consolidated financial statements are issued. In some cases, unrecognized subsequent events are disclosed to keep the consolidated financial statements from being misleading.

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through August 12, 2020, the date on which the consolidated financial statements were issued.

Table of Contents

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Form 10-Q. In connection with, and because we desire to take advantage of, the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, we caution readers regarding certain forward looking statements in the following discussion and elsewhere in this report and in any other statement made by, or on our behalf, whether or not in future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward looking statements are statements not based on historical information and which relate to future operations, strategies, financial results or other developments. Forward looking statements are necessarily based upon estimates and assumptions that are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, including those relating to the Covid-19 pandemic, and many of which are beyond our control and many of which, with respect to future business decisions, are subject to change. These uncertainties and contingencies can affect actual results and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward looking statements made by, or on our behalf. We disclaim any obligation to update forward looking statements.

Overview

US Alliance Corporation (“USAC”) was formed as a Kansas corporation on April 24, 2009 for the purpose of raising capital to form a new Kansas-based life insurance company. We presently conduct our business through our five wholly-owned subsidiaries: USALSC, a life insurance corporation; DCLIC, a life insurance corporation; USALSC-Montana, a life insurance corporation; USAMC, an insurance marketing corporation; and USAIC, an investment management corporation. Unless the context otherwise indicates, references in this report to "we," "us,", "our," or the "Company refer collective to USAC and its subsidiaries.

On January 2, 2012, USALSC was issued a Certificate of Authority to conduct life insurance business in the State of Kansas. We began third party administrative services in 2015.

On August 1, 2017, the Company merged with Northern Plains Capital Corporation (“Northern Plains”) with the Company being the ultimate surviving entity. As a result of this merger, the Company acquired Dakota Capital Life Insurance Company which became a wholly owned subsidiary of USALSC.

On December 14, 2018, the Company acquired Great Western Life Insurance Company. Great Western Life Insurance Company was renamed US Alliance Life and Security Company – Montana and is a subsidiary of USALSC.

The Company assumes business under three reinsurance treaties. On January 1, 2013, the Company entered into an agreement to assume 20% of a certain block of health insurance policies from Unified Life Insurance Company. On September 30, 2018, the Company entered into a coinsurance agreement to assume 100% of a certain block of life insurance policies from American Life and Security Company (“ALSC”). On April 15, 2020, with an effective date of January 1, 2020, the Company entered into a second coinsurance agreement with ALSC (the "2020 ALSC Agreement") to assume a quota share percentage of a block of annuity policies. As of June 30, the Company had assumed $49.8 million in annuity deposits under the 2020 ALSC Agreement.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our accounting and reporting policies are in accordance with GAAP. Our estimates may vary as more information about the extent to which Covid-19 and the resulting impact on economic conditions and the financial markets become known. Preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. The following is an explanation of our accounting policies and the estimates considered most significant by management. These accounting policies inherently require significant judgment and assumptions and actual operating results could differ significantly from management’s estimates determined using these policies. We believe the following accounting policies, judgments and estimates are the most critical to the understanding of our results of operations and financial position. A detailed discussion of significant accounting policies is provided in this report in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included with this quarterly report.

Table of Contents

Valuation of Investments

The Company's principal investments are in fixed maturity and equity securities. Fixed maturity and equity securities, classified as available for sale, are carried at their fair value in the consolidated balance sheets, with unrealized gains or losses recorded in comprehensive income (loss). Our fixed income investment manager utilizes external independent third-party pricing services to determine the fair values of investment securities available for sale.

We have a policy and process in place to identify securities that could potentially have an impairment that is other-than-temporary. The assessment of whether impairments have occurred is based on a case-by-case evaluation of underlying reasons for the decline in fair value. We consider severity of impairment, duration of impairment, forecasted recovery period, industry outlook, financial condition of the issuer, issuer credit ratings and whether we intend to sell a security, or it is more likely than not that we would be required to sell a security, prior to the recovery of the amortized cost. New England Asset Management, our investment manager, provides support to the Company in making these determinations.

The recognition of other-than-temporary impairment losses on debt securities is dependent on the facts and circumstances related to the specific security. If we intend to sell a security or it is more likely than not that we would be required to sell a security prior to recovery of the amortized cost, the difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized in the income statement as an other-than-temporary impairment. As it relates to debt securities, if we do not expect to recover the amortized basis, do not plan to sell the security and if it is not more likely than not that we would be required to sell a security before the recovery of its amortized cost, the other-than-temporary impairment would be recognized. We would recognize the credit loss portion through earnings in the income statement and the noncredit loss portion in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Deferred Acquisition Costs

Incremental direct costs, net of amounts ceded to reinsurers, that result directly from and are essential to a product sale and would not have been incurred by us had the sale not occurred, are capitalized, to the extent recoverable, and amortized over the life of the premiums produced. Recoverability of deferred acquisition costs is evaluated periodically by comparing the current estimate of the present value of expected pretax future profits to the unamortized asset balance. If this current estimate is less than the existing balance, the difference is charged to expense.

Value of Business Acquired

Value of business acquired (VOBA) represents the estimated value assigned to purchased companies or insurance in force of the assumed policy obligations at the date of acquisition of a block of policies. At least annually, a review is performed on the models and the assumptions used to develop expected future profits, based upon management’s current view of future events. VOBA is reviewed on an ongoing basis to determine that the unamortized portion does not exceed the expected recoverable amounts. Management’s view primarily reflects our experience but can also reflect emerging trends within the industry. Short-term deviations in experience affect the amortization of VOBA in the period, but do not necessarily indicate that a change to the long-term assumptions of future experience is warranted. If it is determined that it is appropriate to change the assumptions related to future experience, then an unlocking adjustment is recognized for the block of business being evaluated. Certain assumptions, such as interest spreads and surrender rates, may be interrelated. As such, unlocking adjustments often reflect revisions to multiple assumptions. The VOBA balance is immediately impacted by any assumption changes, with the change reflected through the statements of comprehensive income as an unlocking adjustment in the amount of VOBA amortized. These adjustments can be positive or negative with adjustments reducing amortization limited to amounts previously deferred plus interest accrued through the date of the adjustment.

In addition, we may consider refinements in estimates due to improved capabilities resulting from administrative or actuarial system upgrades. We consider such enhancements to determine whether and to what extent they are associated with prior periods or simply improvements in the projection of future expected gross profits due to improved functionality. To the extent they represent such improvements, these items are applied to the appropriate financial statement line items in a manner similar to unlocking adjustments.

Table of Contents

VOBA is also reviewed on an ongoing basis to determine that the unamortized portion does not exceed the expected recoverable amounts. If it is determined from emerging experience that the premium margins or gross profits are less than the unamortized value of business acquired, then the asset will be adjusted downward with the adjustment recorded as an expense in the current period.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the amounts paid to acquire subsidiaries and other businesses over the fair value of their net assets at the date of acquisition. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if events or circumstances change that would indicate that a triggering event has occurred.

We assess the recoverability of indefinite-lived intangible assets at least annually or whenever events or circumstances suggest that the carrying value of an identifiable indefinite-lived intangible asset may exceed the sum of the future discounted cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition. If the asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the impaired asset.

Reinsurance

In the normal course of business, we seek to limit aggregate and single exposure to losses on risk by purchasing reinsurance. The amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets as reinsurance recoverable include amounts billed to reinsurers on losses paid as well as estimates of amounts expected to be recovered from reinsurers on insurance liabilities that have not yet been paid. Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses are estimated based upon assumptions consistent with those used in establishing the liabilities related to the underlying reinsured contracts. Insurance liabilities are reported gross of reinsurance recoverable. Management believes the recoverables are appropriately established. We diversify our credit risks related to reinsurance ceded. Reinsurance premiums are generally reflected in income in a manner consistent with the recognition of premiums on the reinsured contracts. Reinsurance does not extinguish our primary liability under the policies written. We regularly evaluate the financial condition of our reinsurers including their activities with respect to claim settlement practices and commutations, and establish allowances for uncollectible reinsurance recoverable as appropriate.

Future Policy Benefits

We establish liabilities for amounts payable under insurance policies, including traditional life insurance and annuities. Generally, amounts are payable over an extended period of time. Liabilities for future policy benefits of traditional life insurance have been computed by using a net level premium method based upon estimates at the time of issue for investment yields, mortality and withdrawals. These estimates include provisions for experience less favorable than initially expected. Mortality assumptions are based on industry experience expressed as a percentage of standard mortality tables. Such liabilities are reviewed quarterly by an independent consulting actuary.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets are recorded based on the differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities at the enacted tax rates. The principal assets and liabilities giving rise to such differences are investments, insurance reserves, and deferred acquisition costs. A deferred tax asset valuation allowance is established when there is uncertainty that such assets would be realized. We have no uncertain tax positions that we believe are more-likely-than-not that the benefit will not to be realized.

Recognition of Revenues

Revenues on traditional life insurance products consist of direct and assumed premiums reported as earned when due.

Amounts received as payment for annuities are recognized as deposits to policyholder account balances and included in future insurance policy benefits. Revenues from these contracts are comprised of investment earnings of the deposits, which are recognized over the period of the contracts, and included in revenue. Deposits are shown as a financing activity in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Table of Contents

Embedded Derivatives

The Company has entered into coinsurance funds withheld arrangement which contains an embedded derivative. Under ASC 815, the Company assesses whether the embedded derivative is clearly and closely related to the host contract. The Company bifurcates embedded derivatives from the host instrument for measurement purposes when the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract and a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument. Embedded derivatives, which are reported with the host instrument on the consolidated balance sheets in funds withheld under coinsurance agreement, are reported at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) in net investment gains (losses).

Funds Withheld under Coinsurance Agreement

Funds withheld under coinsurance agreement represent amounts contractually withheld by a ceding company in accordance with a reinsurance agreement entered into in 2020. For agreements written on a coinsurance funds withheld basis, assets that support the net statutory reserves or as defined by the treaty, are withheld and legally owned by the ceding company. Interest is recorded in net investment income, net of related expenses, in the consolidated statements of income (loss). Funds withheld under coinsurance agreement are presented net of the embedded Derivative, discussed below.

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

Mortgage loans on real estate are carried at unpaid principal balances, net of any unamortized premium or discount and valuation allowances. Interest income is accrued on the principal amount of the mortgage loans based on its contractual interest rate. Amortization of premiums and discounts is recorded using the effective yield method. The Company accrues interest on loans until probable the Company will not receive interest or the loan is 90 days past due. Interest income, amortization of premiums, accretion of discounts and prepayment fees are reported in investment income, net of related expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

Table of Contents

Mergers and Acquisitions

On May 23, 2017, the Company entered into a definitive merger agreement with Northern Plains Capital Corporation. The merger transaction closed on July 31, 2017. Northern Plains shareholders received .5841 shares of US Alliance Corporation stock for each share of Northern Plains stock owned. USAC issued 1,644,458 shares of common stock to holders of Northern Plains shares.

On October 11, 2018, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with Great Western Insurance Company to acquire Great Western Life Insurance Company ("GWLIC"). The transaction closed on December 14, 2018. USALSC paid $500,000 to acquire all of the outstanding shares of GWLIC.

New Accounting Standards

A detailed discussion of new accounting standards is provided in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on p. 8 of this quarterly report.

Discussion of Consolidated Results of Operations

Revenues. Insurance revenues are primarily generated from premium revenues and investment income. Insurance revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are summarized in the table below.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
Income:		(unaudited)
Premium income	$	5,083,778		$	4,920,690
Net investment income		1,256,011			861,038
Net investment gains (losses)		(1,359,105	)		831,289
Other income		27,708			25,058
Total income	$	5,008,392		$	6,638,075

Insurance revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are summarized in the table below.

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
	(unaudited)
Income:
Premium income	$	2,368,017	$	2,527,714
Net investment income		741,303		451,106
Net investment gains (losses)		11,656		104,086
Other income		14,052		12,259
Total income	$	3,135,028	$	3,095,165

Our 2020 first half revenues decreased to $5,008,392, a decrease of $1,629,683 or 25%, from the 2019 first half revenues of $6,638,075. The Company was required to implement a new accounting standard in 2019 which results in unrealized gains and losses on equity securities being included in total income. This standard has resulted in increased volatility in total income.

Premium revenue: Premium revenue for the first six months of 2020 was $5,083,778 compared to $4,920,690 in the first six months of 2019, an increase of $163,088 or 3%. The increase was driven by an increase in direct single and recurring premiums. Even though it is a reduction in revenue, ceded premium increases reflect the growth of our group policy premiums as we focused on small companies to assist them with their employee benefits.

Table of Contents

Direct, assumed and ceded premiums for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are summarized in the following table.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
	(unaudited)
Direct	$	2,941,001		$	2,603,097
Assumed		2,609,880			2,743,577
Ceded		(467,103	)		(425,984	)
Total	$	5,083,778		$	4,920,690

The Company continuously searches for new product and distribution opportunities to continue to increase premium production on both a direct and assumed basis.

Premium revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $2,368,017 compared to $2,527,714 for the same period in 2019, a decrease of $159,697 or 6%. The decrease was driven by a decrease in direct single premiums and assumed premiums. Even though it is a reduction in revenue, ceded premium increases reflect the growth of our group policy premiums as we focused on small companies to assist them with their employee benefits.

Direct, assumed and ceded premiums for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are summarized in the following table.

	Three Months ended June 30,
	2020			2019
	(unaudited)
Direct	$	1,363,776		$	1,411,317
Assumed		1,249,493			1,339,784
Ceded		(245,253	)		(223,387	)
Total	$	2,368,017		$	2,527,714

Investment income, net of expenses: The components of net investment income for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
	(unaudited)
Fixed maturities	$	617,418		$	585,033
Mortgages		5,851			-
Equity securities		289,450			285,076
Funds withheld		364,033			-
Cash and short term investments		11,376			13,978
		1,288,128			884,087
Less investment expenses		(32,117	)		(23,049	)
	$	1,256,011		$	861,038

Net investment income for the first six months of 2020 was $1,256,011, compared to $861,038 in 2019, an increase of $394,973 or 46%. This increase in investment income is primarily a result of increased invested assets as a result of our premium income, annuity deposits, and the coinsurance treaty with ALSC.

Table of Contents

The components of net investment income for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
	(unaudited)
Fixed maturities	$	309,943		$	282,739
Mortgages		5,851		$	-
Equity securities		139,261			170,491
Funds withheld		304,778			-
Cash and short term investments		2,064			9,779
		761,897			463,009
Less investment expenses		(20,594	)		(11,903	)
	$	741,303		$	451,106

Net investment income for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 was $741,303 compared to $451,106 for the same period in 2019, an increase of $290,197 or 64%. This increase in investment income is primarily a result of increased invested assets as a result of our premium income, annuity deposits, and our new coinsurance treaty with ALSC.

Net investments gains (losses): Net investment losses for the six months ended June 30, 2020 were $1,359,105, compared to gains of $831,289 for the same period in 2019, a decrease of $2,190,394. The decrease in net investment gains is attributable to unrealized losses in our equity portfolio and our funds withheld asset as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Net investments losses for the six months ended June 30, 2020 were comprised of $1,134,227 of unrealized losses in our equity portfolio and funds withheld asset, and realized losses of $224,878. Net investment gains for the six months ended June 30, 2019 were comprised of $845,817 of unrealized gains in our equity portfolio and realized losses of $14,528. Realized gains and losses related to the sale of securities for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are summarized as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	(unaudited)
	2020			2019
Gross gains	$	64,907		$	3,951
Gross losses		(289,785	)		(18,479	)
Net security losses	$	(224,878	)	$	(14,528	)

Net investment gains for the three months ended June 30, 2020 were $11,656, compared to gains of $104,086 for the same period in 2019, a decrease of $92,430. The decrease in net investment gains is attributable to unrealized losses in our funds withheld asset which offset improvement in our equity portfolio. Net investments gains for the three months ended June 30, 2020 were comprised of $17,581 of unrealized gains in our equity portfolio and funds withheld asset, and realized losses of $5,925. Net investment gains for the three months ended June 30, 2019 were comprised of $118,614 of unrealized gains in our equity portfolio and realized losses of $14,528. Realized gains and losses related to the sale of securities for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are summarized as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	(unaudited)
	2020			2019
Gross gains	$	20,612		$	3,951
Gross losses		(26,537	)		(18,479	)
Net security losses	$	(5,925	)	$	(14,528	)

Table of Contents

Other income: Other income for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $27,708 compared to $25,058 for the same period in 2019, an increase of $2,650. Other income for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $14,052 compared to $12,259 for the same period in 2019, an increase of $1,793.

Expenses. Expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are summarized in the table below.

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Expenses:	(unaudited)
Death claims	$	922,656	$	724,316
Policyholder benefits		2,647,705		2,305,295
Increase in policyholder reserves		1,612,693		1,437,658
Commissions, net of deferrals		371,570		413,599
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs		747,372		180,727
Amortization of value of business acquired		10,151		10,152
Salaries & benefits		517,085		502,727
Other operating expenses		1,308,903		722,515
Total expense	$	8,138,135	$	6,296,989

Expenses for the three months June 30, 2020 and 2019 are summarized in the table below.

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019
	(unaudited)
Expenses:
Death claims	$	440,944	$	328,649
Policyholder benefits		1,398,622		1,168,467
Increase in policyholder reserves		689,445		757,098
Commissions, net of deferrals		164,614		194,064
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs		172,162		117,825
Amortization of value of business acquired		5,075		5,076
Salaries & benefits		253,880		250,895
Other operating expenses		436,658		307,873
	$	3,561,400	$	3,129,947

Death and other benefits: Death benefits were $922,656 in the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $724,316 for the same period in 2019, an increase of $198,340 or 27%. This increase is attributable to our growing block of in-force life insurance policies. We expect these claims to grow as we continue to increase the size of our in-force business.

Death benefits were $440,944 in the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $328,649 for the same period in 2019, an increase of $112,295 or 34%. This increase is attributable to our growing block of in-force life insurance policies. We expect these claims to grow as we continue to increase the size of our in-force business.

Policyholder benefits: Policyholder benefits were $2,647,705 in the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $2,305,295 for the same period in 2019, an increase of $342,410 or 15%. The primary driver of this increase is the growth of interest credited on our direct and assumed annuities.

Policyholder benefits were $1,398,622 in the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $1,168,467 for the same period in 2019, an increase of $230,155 or 20%. The primary driver of this increase is the growth of interest credited on our direct and assumed annuities.

Table of Contents

Increase in policyholder reserves: Increases in policyholder reserves were $1,612,693 in the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $1,437,658 for the same period in 2019, an increase of $175,035 or 12%. The growth in reserve increase is the result of higher pre-need sales.

Policyholder reserves increased $689,445 in the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $757,098 in 2019, a decrease of $67,653 or 9%. The reduction in reserve increase is the result of lower pre-need sales in the second quarter of 2020, which sales were impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic.

Commissions, net of deferrals: The Company pays commissions to ceding companies on assumed policies as well as commissions to agents on directly written business. Commissions, net of deferrals, were $371,570 in the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $413,599 for the same period in 2019, a decrease of $42,029 or 10%. This decrease is driven by a change in composition of premiums collected.

Commissions, net of deferrals, were $164,614 in the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $194,064 for the same period in 2019, a decrease of $29,450 or 15%. This decrease is driven by a change in composition of premiums collected.

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs: The amortization of deferred acquisition costs ("DAC") was $747,372 in the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $180,727 for the same period in 2019, an increase of $566,645 or 314%. As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting historic low interest rates, the Company reassessed its DAC assumptions regarding reinvestment rates. As a result, the Company reduced its DAC balance by $430,000 to reflect the current reinvestment environment and the uncertainty of when interest rates will return to historically normal levels.

The amortization of DAC was $172,162 in the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $117,825 for the same period in 2019, an increase of $54,337 or 46%. The increase is driven by amortization of deferred costs on the 2020 ALSC Agreement.

Amortization of value of business acquired: The amortization of value of business acquired (“VOBA”) was $10,151 in the six months ended June 30, 2020 and is unchanged from the same period in 2019. Our VOBA balance was established August 1, 2017 with acquisition of DCLIC. VOBA is being amortized straight-line over 30 years.

The amortization of VOBA was $5,075 in the three months ended June 30, 2020 and is unchanged from the same period in 2019.

Salaries and benefits: Salaries and benefits were $517,085 for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $502,727 for the same period in 2019, an increase of $14,358 or 3%. The Company has maintained its staffing levels during the Covid-19 pandemic to ensure that customer service needs continue to be met. The increase in salaries and benefits expense is attributable to ordinary and customary increases in compensation for individual employees.

Salaries and benefits were $253,880 for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $250,895 for the same period in 2019, an increase of $2,985 or 1%.

Other expenses: Other operating expenses were $1,308,903 in the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $722,515 for the same period in 2019, an increase of $586,388 or 81%. Operating costs were driven higher due to our pre-paid software asset being recognized as an expense ($250,000), increased accounting and actuarial fees ($50,000), increased computer and software expense ($30,000) and expenses associated with implementing a new disability reinsurance program ($50,000). Additionally, in 2019 we recognized expense savings from our acquisition of USALSC-Montana, which reduced 2019 expenses.

Other operating expenses were $436,658 in the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $307,873 for the same period in 2019, an increase of $128,785 or 41%. In 2019 we recognized expense savings from our acquisition of USALSC-Montana, which reduced 2019 expenses.

Net Income (Loss): Our net loss was $3,129,743 in the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to a net income of $341,086 in the same period of 2019, a decrease of $3,470,289. Our net loss per share increased to $0.40 from a net income of $0.04 in 2019, basic and diluted. This decrease is primarily attributable to Covid-19 impacts on unrealized losses on our equity securities and on deferred acquisition costs. For the three months end June 30, 2020 our net loss was $426,372 or $0.06 per share compared to $34,782 or $0.00 per share in 2019.

Table of Contents

Discussion of Consolidated Balance Sheet

Assets. Assets have increased to $106,873,101 as of June 30, 2020, an increase of $51,933,852 from December 31, 2019. This is primarily the result of the 2020 ALSC Agreement.

Available for sale fixed maturity securities: As of June 30, 2020, we had available for sale fixed maturity assets of $36,152,521, an increase of $2,999,629 or 9% from the December 31, 2019 balance of $33,152,892. The increase is driven by an increase in the market value of these securities.

Mortgage loans on real estate: As of June 30, 2020, we had mortgage loans on real estate of $962,690 which were acquired as a result of the 2020 ALSC Agreement. We held no mortgages at December 31, 2019.

Equity securities, at fair value: As of June 30, 2020, we had equity securities of $9,141,500, a decrease of $1,000,003 or 10% from the December 31, 2019 balance of $10,141,503. This reduction is driven by a decrease in the market value of our equity securities.

Funds withheld under coinsurance agreement, at fair value: As of June 30, 2020, we had funds withheld assets of $41,294,491 which were acquired with the ALSC treaty. There were no funds withheld assets at December 31, 2019.

Policy loans: As of June 30, 2020, our policy loans were $154,088, an increase of $35,158 or 30% from the December 31, 2019 balance of $118,930. The increase is the result of normal loan activity.

Cash and cash equivalents: As of June 30, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalent assets of $7,376,813, an increase of $698,008 or 11% from the December 31, 2019 balance of $6,678,805. This increase is primarily the result of cash received from premium income.

Investment income due and accrued: As of June 30, 2020, our investment income due and accrued was $370,326 compared to $321,362 as of December 31, 2019. This increase is attributable to normal investment activity and the growth of our invested assets.

Reinsurance related assets: As of June 30, 2020, our reinsurance related assets were $922,104, an increase of $733,722 or 390% from the December 31, 2019 balance of $188,382. This increase is driven by amounts due from ALSC on the 2020 ALSC Agreement.

Deferred acquisition costs, net: As of June 30, 2020, our deferred acquisition costs were $8,310,532, an increase of $5,657,858 or 213% from the December 31, 2019 balance of $2,652,674. The increase is the result of costs deferred on the 2020 ALSC Agreement.

Value of business acquired, net: As of June 30, 2020, our value of business acquired asset was $549,843, a decrease of $10,151 from the December 31, 2019 balance of $559,994. This asset was established in the third quarter of 2017 as a result of the acquisition of DCLIC. The decrease is the result of amortization of the asset.

Property, equipment and software, net: As of June 30, 2020, our property, equipment and software assets were $38,722, a decrease of $5,119 from the December 31, 2019 balance of $43,841. This decrease is a result of normal amortization.

Goodwill: As of June 30, 2020, our goodwill was $277,542 and was unchanged from the December 31, 2019 balance. Goodwill was established as a result of the merger with Northern Plains.

Deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance: As of June 30, 2020, the Company had a deferred tax asset of $431,158 unchanged from December 31, 2019.

Other assets: As of June 30, 2020, other assets were $890,771, an increase of $518,605 or 139% from the December 31, 2019 balance of $372,166. This increase was the result of pre-paid benefit expenses offset by a reduction in our pre-paid software asset.

Table of Contents

Liabilities. Our total liabilities were $91,987,329 as of June 30, 2020, an increase of $53,924,277 or 142% from our December 31, 2019 liability of $38,063,052. The ALSC treaty significantly impacted our assets and liabilities. This increase is driven by an increase in our policyholder liabilities as a result of the ALSC treaty.

Policy liabilities: Our total policy liabilities as of June 30, 2020 were $89,818,431, an increase of $52,893,546 or 143% from the December 31, 2019 balance of $36,924,885. This increase is driven by annuities assumed under the coinsurance agreement with ALSC.

Accounts payable and accrued expenses: As of June 30, 2020, our accounts payable and accrued expenses were $148,434, an increase of $25,453 or 21% from the December 31, 2019 balance of $122,981. This increase is the result of normal operating activity.

Federal Home Loan Bank advance: In October of 2019, the Company took an advance of $1,000,000 from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Topeka (“FHLB”) which was outstanding as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. In the second quarter of 2020, the Company took two additional advances of $500,000 each, which were outstanding as of June 30, 2020.

Other liabilities: As of June 30, 2020, our other liabilities were $20,464, an increase of $5,278 from the December 31, 2019 balance of $15,186. The increase is the result of normal business activities.

Shareholders’ Equity. Our shareholders’ equity was $14,885,772 as of June 30, 2020, a decrease of $1,990,425 or 12% from our December 31, 2019 shareholders’ equity of $16,876,197. The decrease in shareholders’ equity was driven by our net loss during the period, which was materially impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic.

Investments and Cash and Cash Equivalents

Our investment philosophy is reflected by the allocation of our investments. We emphasize investment grade debt securities with smaller holdings in equity securities and other investments. The following table shows the carrying value of our investments by investment category and cash and cash equivalents, and the percentage of each to total invested assets as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

	June 30, 2020					December 31, 2019
	Fair		Percent			Fair		Percent
	Value		of Total			Value		of Total
	(unaudited)
Fixed maturities:
US Treasury securities	$	674,765		0.7	%	$	632,639		1.3	%
Corporate bonds		21,874,674		23.1	%		20,084,397		40.2	%
Municipal bonds		6,832,005		7.2	%		7,055,059		14.1	%
Redeemable preferred stocks		3,058,293		3.2	%		2,133,893		4.3	%
Mortgage backed and asset backed securities		3,712,784		3.9	%		3,246,904		6.5	%
Total fixed maturities		36,152,521		38.1	%		33,152,892		66.3	%
Mortgage loans		962,690		1.0	%		-		0.0	%
Equities:
Common stock		7,162,008		7.5	%		9,214,694		18.4	%
Preferred stock		1,979,492		2.1	%		926,809		1.9	%
Total equities		9,141,500		10.6	%		10,141,503		20.3	%
Funds withheld		41,294,491		43.5	%		-		0.0	%
Cash and cash equivalents		7,376,813		7.8	%		6,678,805		13.4	%
Total	$	94,928,015		100.0	%	$	49,973,200		100.0	%

The total value of our investments and cash and cash equivalents increased to $94,928,015 as of June30, 2020 from $49,973,200 at December 31, 2019, an increase of $44,954,815 or 90%. Increases in investments are primarily attributable to the 2020 ALSC Agreement.

Table of Contents

The following table shows the distribution of the credit ratings of our portfolio of fixed maturity securities by carrying value as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

	June 30, 2020					December 31, 2019
	Fair		Percent			Fair		Percent
	Value		of Total			Value		of Total
	(unaudited)					(unaudited)
AAA and U.S. Government	$	1,128,784		3.1	%	$	1,201,046		3.6	%
AA		7,719,758		21.4	%		7,901,834		23.8	%
A		9,353,162		25.9	%		8,446,360		25.5	%
BBB		14,291,868		39.5	%		13,832,629		41.7	%
BB		3,467,349		9.6	%		1,579,423		4.8	%
Not Rated - Private Placement		191,600		0.5	%		191,600		0.6	%
Total	$	36,152,521		100.0	%	$	33,152,892		100.0	%

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Equity securities do not have stated maturity dates and therefore are not included in the following maturity summary. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

	As of June 30, 2020				As of December 31, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(unaudited)
Amounts maturing in:
One year or less	$	-	$	-	$	99,987	$	100,239
After one year through five years		1,623,810		1,726,647		1,424,337		1,471,552
After five years through ten years		3,087,409		3,570,764		3,286,937		3,574,191
More than 10 years		21,062,199		24,084,033		20,743,310		22,626,113
Redeemable preferred stocks		3,213,953		3,058,293		2,097,206		2,133,893
Mortgage backed and asset backed securities		3,647,890		3,712,784		3,171,620		3,246,904
Total amortized cost and fair value	$	32,635,261	$	36,152,521	$	30,823,397	$	33,152,892

Market Risk of Financial Instruments

We hold a diversified portfolio of investments that primarily includes cash, bonds, equity securities, mortgage loans, and funds withheld under the 2020 ALSC Agreement. Each of these investments is subject to market risks that can affect their return and their fair value. A significant percentage of the investments are fixed maturity securities including debt issues of corporations, US Treasury securities, or securities issued by government agencies. The primary market risks affecting the investment portfolio are interest rate risk, credit risk, and equity risk. The Company's investment portfolio, including the creditworthiness and valuation of investment assets, as well as availability of new investments may be adversely affected as a result of market developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic and uncertainty regarding its ultimate severity and duration.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk arises from the price sensitivity of investments to changes in interest rates. Interest represents the greatest portion of an investment's return for most fixed maturity securities in stable interest rate environments. The changes in the fair value of such investments are inversely related to changes in market interest rates. As interest rates fall, the interest and dividend streams of existing fixed-rate investments become more valuable and fair values rise. As interest rates rise, the opposite effect occurs.

We attempt to mitigate our exposure to adverse interest rate movements through laddering the maturities of the fixed maturity investments and through maintaining cash and other short term investments to assure sufficient liquidity to meet our obligations and to address reinvestment risk considerations. Due to the composition of our book of insurance business, management believes it is unlikely that we would encounter large surrender activity due to an interest rate increase that would force the disposal of fixed maturities at a loss. Additionally, USALSC is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Topeka, which provides access to liquidity and further reduces the likelihood of disposing of fixed maturities at a loss.

Table of Contents

Credit Risk

We are exposed to credit risk through counterparties and within the investment portfolio. Credit risk relates to the uncertainty associated with an obligor's ability to make timely payments of principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms of an instrument or contract. We manage our credit risk through established investment policies and guidelines which address the quality of creditors and counterparties, concentration limits, diversification practices and acceptable risk levels. These policies and guidelines are regularly reviewed and approved by senior management and USAC's Board of Directors.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The impact of COVID-19 on the Company is evolving, and its future effects are not yet quantifiable. The Company is closely monitoring the effects and risks of COVID-19 to assess its impact on the Company's business, sales, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital position.

Premium income, deposits to policyholder account balances, investment income, and capital raising are the primary sources of funds while withdrawals of policyholder account balances, investment purchases, policy benefits in the form of claims, and operating expenses are the primary uses of funds. To ensure we will be able to pay future commitments, the funds received as premium payments and deposits are invested in primarily fixed income securities. Funds are invested with the intent that the income from investments, plus proceeds from maturities, will in the future meet our ongoing cash flow needs. The approach of matching asset and liability durations and yields requires an appropriate mix of investments. Our investments consist primarily of marketable debt securities that could be readily converted to cash for liquidity needs. Cash flow projections and cash flow tests under various market interest scenarios are also performed annually to assist in evaluating liquidity needs and adequacy. As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank, USALSC has immediate access to additional cash liquidity.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $635,961 for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The primary sources of cash from operating activities were premiums and deposits received from policyholders. The primary uses of cash for operating activities were for payments of commissions to agents and settlement of policy liabilities. Net cash used in investing activities was $4,942,630. The primary use of cash was the purchase of available for sale securities and funds transferred to our funds withheld account. Cash provided by financing activities was $5,004,677. The primary sources of cash were receipts on deposit-type contracts.

At June 30, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $7,376,813. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and premiums from our insurance operations will be sufficient to fund the anticipated operating expenses and capital expenditures for the foreseeable future. We have based this estimate upon assumptions that may prove to be wrong and we could use our capital resources sooner than we currently expect. The growth of USALSC and DCLIC, our insurance subsidiaries, is uncertain and will require additional capital if they continue to grow.

Impact of Inflation

Insurance premiums are established before the amount of losses, or the extent to which inflation may affect such losses and expenses, are known. We attempt, in establishing premiums, to anticipate the potential impact of inflation. If, for competitive reasons, premiums cannot be increased to anticipate inflation, this cost would be absorbed by us. Inflation also affects the rate of investment return on the investment portfolio with a corresponding effect on investment income.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a “smaller reporting company”, the Company does not provide disclosure pursuant to this item.

Table of Contents

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We have established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure, among other things, material information relating to our Company, including our consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to our officers who certify our financial reports and to the other members of our senior management and the Board of Directors.

As required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b), management of the Company, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Vice President conducted an evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e). Based upon an evaluation at the end of the period, the Chief Executive Officer and the Vice President concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective in timely alerting them to material information relating to us and our consolidated subsidiaries required to be disclosed in our periodic reports under the exchange act.

There were no changes to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) during the six months ended June 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s control over financial reporting.

Part II – Other Information

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are involved in litigation incidental to our operations from time to time. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings other than litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, and we are not aware of any claims that could materially affect our financial position or results of operation.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

As a “smaller reporting company”, the Company is not required to provide disclosure pursuant to this item.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2020, the Company issued 529 shares of common stock, for aggregate consideration of $3,703, pursuant to an offering to residents of the state of Kansas that was registered with the Kansas Securities Commissioner.

The offering of shares in the above described transaction was self-underwritten and sold through agents of the Company licensed to sell securities in Kansas. Proceeds from the sale of common stock were used to finance the growth of the Company’s life insurance subsidiary and to provide working capital for the Company. The offer and sale of common stock was exempt from registration under Section 3(a)11 of the Securities Act of 1933 for securities offered and sold on a wholly intrastate basis. The shares of common stock were sold only to bona fide residents of the state of Kansas.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

Table of Contents

ITEM 6.		EXHIBITS

3.1		Articles of Incorporation of US Alliance Corporation (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on May 2, 2016 (File No. 000-55627), is incorporated herein by reference as Exhibit 3.1)

3.1.1		First Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of US Alliance Corporation, filed as Exhibit 3.1.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 9, 2017 (File No. 000-55627), is incorporated herein by reference a Exhibit 3.1.1.

3.1.2		Second Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of US Alliance Corporation, filed as Exhibit 3.1.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 9, 2017 (File No. 000-55627), is incorporated herein by reference as Exhibit 3.1.2.

3.2		Bylaws of US Alliance Corporation (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10 filed on May 2, 2016 (File No. 000-55627), is incorporated herein by reference as Exhibit 3.2).

3.2.1		Amendment No. 1. to the bylaws of US Alliance Corporation, filed as Exhibit 3.2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 9, 2017 (File No. 000-55627), is incorporated herein by reference as Exhibit 3.2.1.

31.1*		Certification of Chief Executive Officer of US Alliance Corporation pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2*		Certification of Principal Financial Officer of US Alliance Corporation pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*		Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer of US Alliance pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2*		Certifications of the Principal Financial Officer of US Alliance pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS**		XBRL Instance

101.SCH**		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL**		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation

101.DEF**		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition

101.LAB**		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels

101.PRE**		XBRL Taxonomy Extention Presentation

**XBRL information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

* Filed herewith

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized


			US Alliance Corporation
			(Registrant)

Date

By /s/ Jack H. Brier
Jack H. Brier, President and Chairman

US Alliance Corp - FORM 10-Q - August 13, 2020

Attached files

US Alliance Corp Reports