U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OF 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2020

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OF 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT

GREENE COUNTY BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Commission file number  0-25165

United States		14-1809721
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer  Identification Number)

302 Main Street, Catskill, New York		12414
(Address of principal executive office)		(Zip code)

Title of class		Trading symbol		Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.10 par value		GCBC		The Nasdaq Stock Market

Large accelerated filer ☐		Accelerated filer ☒		Emerging Growth Company ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐		Smaller reporting company ☒

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

At March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Consolidated Statements of Income

For the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

At and for the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(1)	Basis of Presentation

Within the accompanying unaudited consolidated statement of financial condition, and related notes to the consolidated financial statements, June 30, 2019 data was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of Greene County Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries, The Bank of Greene County (the “Bank”) and Greene Risk Management, Inc., and the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiaries, Greene County Commercial Bank and Greene Property Holdings, Ltd.  The consolidated financial statements at and for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are unaudited.

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X.  Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.  To the extent that information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements are contained in or are consistent with the audited financial statements incorporated by reference to Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2019, such information and notes have not been duplicated herein.  In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring items) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations and cash flows at and for the periods presented have been included.   The Company had no reclassifications from amounts in the prior year’s consolidated financial statements to conform to the current year’s presentation.  All material inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation. The results of operations and other data for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year ending June 30, 2020.   These consolidated financial statements consider events that occurred through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s critical accounting policies relate to the allowance for loan losses and the evaluation of securities for other-than-temporary impairment.  The allowance for loan losses is based on management’s estimation of an amount that is intended to absorb losses in the existing portfolio.  The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio, the composition of the portfolio, specific impaired loans and current economic conditions.  Such evaluation, which includes a review of all loans for which full collectability may not be reasonably assured, considers among other matters, the estimated net realizable value or the fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, historical loan loss experience, management’s estimate of probable credit losses and other factors that warrant recognition in providing for the allowance of loan losses.  However, this evaluation involves a high degree of complexity and requires management to make subjective judgments that often require assumptions or estimates about highly uncertain matters.  This critical accounting policy and its application are periodically reviewed with the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors. There have been no significant changes in the application of this critical accounting policy during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020.

Securities are evaluated for other-than-temporary impairment by performing periodic reviews of individual securities in the investment portfolio.  Greene County Bancorp, Inc. makes an assessment to determine whether there have been any events or economic circumstances to indicate that a security, on which there is an unrealized loss, is impaired on an other-than-temporary basis.  The Company considers many factors, including the severity and duration of the impairment; the intent and ability of the Company to hold the equity security for a period of time sufficient for a recovery in value; recent events specific to the issuer or industry; and for debt securities, the intent to sell the security, the likelihood to be required to sell the security before it recovers the entire amortized cost, external credit ratings and recent downgrades.  The Company is required to record other-than-temporary impairment charges through earnings, if it has the intent to sell, or will more likely than not be required to sell an impaired debt security before a recovery of its amortized cost basis.  In addition, the Company is required to record other-than-temporary impairment charges through earnings for the amount of credit losses, regardless of the intent or requirement to sell.  Credit loss is measured as the difference between the present value of an impaired debt security’s cash flows and its amortized cost basis.  Non-credit related write-downs to fair value must be recorded as decreases to accumulated other comprehensive income as long as the Company has no intent or requirement to sell an impaired security before a recovery of amortized cost basis.

(2)	Nature of Operations

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s primary business is the ownership and operation of its subsidiaries, The Bank of Greene County and Greene Risk Management, Inc.  The Bank of Greene County has 16 full-service offices, an operations center and lending center located in its market area within the Hudson Valley and Capital District Regions of New York State.    The Bank of Greene County is primarily engaged in the business of attracting deposits from the general public in The Bank of Greene County’s market area, and investing such deposits, together with other sources of funds, in loans and investment securities.  Greene Risk Management, Inc. is a pooled captive insurance company, which provides additional insurance coverage for the Company and its subsidiaries related to the operations of the Company for which insurance may not be economically feasible.  The Bank of Greene County also owns and operates two subsidiaries, Greene County Commercial Bank and Greene Property Holdings, Ltd. Greene County Commercial Bank’s primary business is to attract deposits from and provide banking services to local municipalities. Greene Property Holdings, Ltd. is a real estate investment trust, which holds mortgages and notes which were originated through and serviced by The Bank of Greene County.

(3)	Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.  Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and the assessment of other-than-temporary security impairment.

While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance for loan losses (the “Allowance”) may be necessary, based on changes in economic conditions, asset quality or other factors.  In addition, various regulatory authorities, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Allowance.  Such authorities may require the Company to recognize additions to the Allowance based on their judgments of information available to them at the time of their examination.

Greene County Bancorp, Inc. makes an assessment to determine whether there have been any events or economic circumstances to indicate that a security on which there is an unrealized loss is impaired on an other-than-temporary basis.  The Company considers many factors including the severity and duration of the impairment; the intent and ability of the Company to hold the security for a period of time sufficient for a recovery in value; recent events specific to the issuer or industry; and for debt securities, intent to sell the security, whether it is more likely than not we will be required to sell the security before recovery, whether loss is expected, external credit ratings and recent downgrades.  Securities on which there is an unrealized loss that is deemed to be other-than-temporary are written down to fair value through earnings.

(4)	Securities

Securities at March 31, 2020 consisted of the following:

Securities at June 30, 2019 consisted of the following:

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s current policies generally limit securities investments to U.S. Government and securities of government sponsored enterprises, federal funds sold, municipal bonds, corporate debt obligations and certain mutual funds.  In addition, the Company’s policies permit investments in mortgage-backed securities, including securities issued and guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and GNMA, and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by these entities.  At March 31, 2020, all mortgage-backed securities including collateralized mortgage obligations were securities of government sponsored enterprises, no private-label mortgage-backed securities or collateralized mortgage obligations were held in the securities portfolio.  The Company’s investments in state and political subdivisions securities generally are municipal obligations that are general obligations supported by the general taxing authority of the issuer, and in some cases are insured.  The obligations issued by school districts are supported by state aid.  Primarily, these investments are issued by municipalities within New York State.

The Company’s current securities investment strategy utilizes a risk management approach of diversified investing among three categories: short-, intermediate- and long-term. The emphasis of this approach is to increase overall investment securities yields while managing interest rate risk.  The Company will only invest in high quality securities as determined by management’s analysis at the time of purchase.  The Company generally does not engage in any derivative or hedging transactions, such as interest rate swaps or caps.

The following table shows fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by security category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at March 31, 2020.

The following table shows fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by security category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at June 30, 2019.

When the fair value of a held-to-maturity or available-for-sale security is less than its amortized cost basis, an assessment is made as to whether other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) is present.  The Company considers numerous factors when determining whether a potential OTTI exists and the period over which the debt security is expected to recover.  The principal factors considered are (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than the amortized cost basis, (2) the financial condition of the issuer (and guarantor, if any) and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, industry or geographic area, (3) failure of the issuer of the security to make scheduled interest or principal payments, (4) any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and (5) the presence of credit enhancements, if any, including the guarantee of the federal government or any of its agencies.

For debt securities, OTTI is considered to have occurred if (1) the Company intends to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, (2) it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, or (3) if the present value of expected cash flows is not sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis.  In determining the present value of expected cash flows, the Company discounts the expected cash flows at the effective interest rate implicit in the security at the date of acquisition.  In estimating cash flows expected to be collected, the Company uses available information with respect to security prepayment speeds, default rates and severity.  In determining whether OTTI has occurred for equity securities, the Company considers the applicable factors described above and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

For debt securities, credit-related OTTI is recognized in earnings while noncredit-related OTTI on securities not expected to be sold is recognized in other comprehensive income/loss (“OCI”).  Credit-related OTTI is measured as the difference between the present value of an impaired security’s expected cash flows and its amortized cost basis.  Noncredit-related OTTI is measured as the difference between the fair value of the security and its amortized cost less any credit-related losses recognized.  For securities classified as held-to-maturity, the amount of OTTI recognized in OCI is accreted to the credit-adjusted expected cash flow amounts of the securities over future periods.  Management evaluated securities considering the factors as outlined above, and based on this evaluation the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2020.  Management believes that the reasons for the decline in fair value are due to interest rates, widening credit spreads and market illiquidity at the reporting date.

There were no transfers of securities available-for-sale to held-to-maturity during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 or 2019. During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no sales of securities and no gains or losses were recognized.  There was no other-than-temporary impairment loss recognized during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

The estimated fair values of debt securities at March 31, 2020, by contractual maturity are shown below.  Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities, because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

(In thousands)

At March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019, respectively, debt securities with an aggregate fair value of $595.9 million and $425.7 million were pledged as collateral for deposits in excess of FDIC insurance limits for various municipalities placing deposits with Greene County Commercial Bank.  At March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019, debt securities with an aggregate fair value of $4.5 million and $1.5 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window.  Greene County Bancorp, Inc. did not participate in any securities lending programs during the three or nine months ended March 31, 2020 or 2019.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

Federal law requires a member institution of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) system to hold stock of its district FHLB according to a predetermined formula.  This stock is restricted in that it can only be sold to the FHLB or to another member institution, and all sales of FHLB stock must be at par.  As a result of these restrictions, FHLB stock is carried at cost.  FHLB stock is held as a long-term investment and its value is determined based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value.  Impairment of this investment is evaluated quarterly and is a matter of judgment that reflects management’s view of the FHLB’s long-term performance, which includes factors such as the following: its operating performance; the severity and duration of declines in the fair value of its net assets related to its capital stock amount; its commitment to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such payments in relation to its operating performance; the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on the FHLB, and accordingly, on the members of the FHLB; and its liquidity and funding position.  After evaluating these considerations, Greene County Bancorp, Inc. concluded that the par value of its investment in FHLB stock will be recovered and, therefore, no other-than-temporary impairment charge was recorded during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2020 or 2019.

(5)	Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loan segments and classes at March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019 are summarized as follows:

Management closely monitors the quality of the loan portfolio and has established a loan review process designed to help grade the quality and profitability of the Company’s loan portfolio.  The credit quality grade helps management make a consistent assessment of each loan relationship’s credit risk. Consistent with regulatory guidelines, The Bank of Greene County provides for the classification of loans considered being of lesser quality.  Such ratings coincide with the “Substandard,” “Doubtful” and “Loss” classifications used by federal regulators in their examination of financial institutions. Generally, an asset is considered Substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors and/or the collateral pledged. Substandard assets include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured financial institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in assets classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable. Assets classified as Loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a full loss reserve and/or charge-off is not warranted. Assets that do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but otherwise possess weaknesses are designated “Special Mention.”   Management also maintains a listing of loans designated “Watch.” These loans represent borrowers with declining earnings, strained cash flow, increasing leverage and/or weakening market fundamentals that indicate above average risk.

When The Bank of Greene County classifies problem assets as either Substandard or Doubtful, it generally establishes a specific valuation allowance or “loss reserve” in an amount deemed prudent by management.  General allowances represent loss allowances that have been established to recognize the inherent risk associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular loans.  When The Bank of Greene County identifies problem loans as being impaired, it is required to evaluate whether the Bank will be able to collect all amounts due either through repayments or the liquidation of the underlying collateral.  If it is determined that impairment exists, the Bank is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to the amount of impairment of the assets, or to charge-off such amount.  The Bank of Greene County’s determination as to the classification of its loans and the amount of its valuation allowance is subject to review by its regulatory agencies, which can order the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances.  The Bank of Greene County reviews its portfolio monthly to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable regulations.

The Bank primarily has four segments within its loan portfolio that it considers when measuring credit quality: residential real estate loans, commercial real estate loans, consumer loans and commercial loans.  The residential real estate portfolio consists of residential, construction, and multi-family loan classes. Commercial real estate loans consist of commercial real estate and commercial construction loan classes. Consumer loans consist of home equity loan and consumer installment loan classes. The inherent risk within the loan portfolio varies depending upon each of these loan types.

The Bank of Greene County’s primary lending activity historically has been the origination of residential mortgage loans, including home equity loans, which are collateralized by residences.   Generally, residential mortgage loans are made in amounts up to 89.9% of the appraised value of the property.  However, The Bank of Greene County will originate residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios of up to 95.0%, with private mortgage insurance.  In the event of default by the borrower, The Bank of Greene County will acquire and liquidate the underlying collateral. By originating the loan at a loan-to-value ratio of 89.9% or less or obtaining private mortgage insurance, The Bank of Greene County limits its risk of loss in the event of default.  However, the market values of the collateral may be adversely impacted by declines in the economy.  Home equity loans may have an additional inherent risk if The Bank of Greene County does not hold the first mortgage.  The Bank of Greene County may stand in a secondary position in the event of collateral liquidation resulting in a greater chance of insufficiency to meet all obligations.

Construction lending generally involves a greater degree of risk than other residential mortgage lending.  The repayment of the construction loan is, to a great degree, dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the construction of the subject property within specified cost limits.  The Bank of Greene County completes inspections during the construction phase prior to any disbursements.  The Bank of Greene County limits its risk during the construction as disbursements are not made until the required work for each advance has been completed.  Construction delays may further impair the borrower’s ability to repay the loan.

Loans collateralized by commercial real estate, and multi-family dwellings, such as apartment buildings generally are larger than residential loans and involve a greater degree of risk. Commercial real estate loans often involve large loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Payments on these loans depend to a large degree on the results of operations and management of the properties or underlying businesses, and may be affected to a greater extent by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy in general. Accordingly, the nature of commercial real estate loans makes them more difficult for management to monitor and evaluate.

Consumer loans generally have shorter terms and higher interest rates than residential mortgage loans. In addition, consumer loans expand the products and services offered by The Bank of Greene County to better meet the financial services needs of its customers.  Consumer loans generally involve greater credit risk than residential mortgage loans because of the difference in the nature of the underlying collateral.  Repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance because of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation in the underlying collateral. The remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower beyond obtaining a deficiency judgment. In addition, consumer loan collections depend on the borrower’s personal financial stability.  Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans.

Commercial lending generally involves greater risk than residential mortgage lending and involves risks that are different from those associated with residential and commercial real estate mortgage lending. Real estate lending is generally considered to be collateral-based, with loan amounts based on fixed loan-to-collateral values, and liquidation of the underlying real estate collateral is viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default. Although commercial loans may be collateralized by equipment or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral in the event of a borrower default is often an insufficient source of repayment because equipment and other business assets may be obsolete or of limited use, among other things. Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial loan depends primarily on the creditworthiness of the borrower (and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a secondary and often insufficient source of repayment.  Over the past few years, The Bank of Greene County has shifted more focus on the origination of commercial loans including commercial real estate.  The Bank of Greene County has also formed relationships with other community banks within our region to participate in larger commercial loan relationships.  These types of loans are generally considered to be riskier due to the size and complexity of the loan relationship.  By entering into a participation agreement with the other bank, The Bank of Greene County can obtain the loan relationship while limiting its exposure to credit loss.  Management completes its due diligence in underwriting these loans and monitors the servicing of these loans.

Loan balances by internal credit quality indicator at March 31, 2020 are shown below.

Loan balances by internal credit quality indicator at June 30, 2019 are shown below.

The Company had no loans classified doubtful or loss at March 31, 2020 or June 30, 2019.  During the nine months ended March 31, 2020 the Company downgraded a construction loan to special mention as a result of project cost overruns and several delinquent payments. Several other commercial real estate and commercial loan relationships have been downgraded to special mention during the nine months ended March 31, 2020 due to a deterioration in borrower cash flows.  At March 31, 2020, these loans were all performing. Management continues to monitor this loan relationship closely.

Management places loans on nonaccrual status once the loans have become 90 days or more delinquent.  A nonaccrual loan is defined as a loan in which collectability is questionable and therefore interest on the loan will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis.  A loan is not placed back on accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated the ability and willingness to make timely payments on the loan.  A loan does not have to be 90 days delinquent in order to be classified as nonaccrual.   Nonaccrual loans consisted primarily of loans secured by real estate at March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2019.  Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $3.9 million at March 31, 2020 of which $1.3 million were in the process of foreclosure. At March 31, 2020, there were eight residential loans in the process of foreclosure totaling $1.0 million.  Included in nonaccrual loans were $1.6 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at March 31, 2020, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. These loans will be returned to accrual status once they have demonstrated a history of timely payments.  Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $3.6 million at June 30, 2019 of which $1.6 million were in the process of foreclosure.  At June 30, 2019, there were 12 residential loans in the process of foreclosure totaling $1.5 million.  Included in nonaccrual loans were $1.8 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at June 30, 2019, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due.

The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2020:

The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2019: