Exhibit 99.1

SCOTIABANK DE PUERTO RICO AND SUBSIDIARY

(A Wholly Owned Subsidiary of the Bank of Nova Scotia)

Consolidated Financial Statements

As of October 31, 2019 and 2018, and for each of the years in the three-year period ended October 31, 2019

(With Independent Auditors’ Report Thereon)

Independent Auditors’ Report

The Board of Directors

Scotiabank de Puerto Rico:

Report on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Scotiabank de Puerto Rico and subsidiary (the Bank), (a wholly owned subsidiary of the Bank of Nova Scotia), which comprise the consolidated balance sheets as of October 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholder’s equity, and cash flows for each of the years in three-year period ended October 31, 2019, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Auditors’ Responsibility

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement.

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors’ judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Opinion

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Scotiabank de Puerto Rico and subsidiary as of October 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended October 31, 2019 in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We also have audited, in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated January 29, 2020 expressed an unmodified opinion on the effectiveness of the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ KPMG LLP

San Juan, Puerto Rico

January 30, 2020

Stamp No. E392042 of the Puerto Rico

Society of Certified Public Accountants

 was affixed to the record copy of this report.

(1)          Organization 

Scotiabank de Puerto Rico (the Bank) is a banking corporation organized under the banking laws of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The Bank of Nova Scotia – Puerto Rico Branch (BNS PR) is the sole holder of the Bank’s common shares and noncumulative second preferred shares. The Bank has one wholly owned subsidiary, Scotia Insurance de Puerto Rico LLC (SIPR), an insurance agency and  a limited liability company (LLC) organized and existing under the laws of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

The Bank is engaged in providing a wide range of services through its commercial and retail lending divisions. The Bank also conducts mortgage banking activities, which primarily consist of the origination and purchase of residential mortgage loans for the Bank’s own portfolio. If conditions so warrant, the Bank may engage in the sale of such loans to other financial institutions in the secondary market or in securitizations with government‑sponsored entities.

The deposits of the Bank are insured up to the maximum levels permitted by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). The FDIC and the Office of the Commissioner of Financial Institutions of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (the Commissioner) have regulatory and examination authority over the Bank.

On April 30, 2010, the Bank acquired certain assets and assumed certain deposits and other liabilities of R‑G Premier Bank of Puerto Rico (R‑G), headquartered in San Juan, Puerto Rico, from the FDIC, as receiver for R‑G pursuant to the terms of a Purchase and Assumption agreement entered into by the Bank and the FDIC on that date. This transaction is referred to as the “FDIC‑assisted transaction.” See note 4 for additional disclosures related to the FDIC assisted transaction.

On June 26, 2019, The Bank of Nova Scotia (BNS), a banking corporation organized under the laws of Canada, and Oriental Financial Group Bancorp and Oriental Bank (Oriental) entered into a definitive Stock Purchase Agreement (the Agreement) to purchase the shares of the Bank. The transaction contemplated by the Agreement is subject to receipt of the requisite regulatory approvals, as well as, the satisfaction of other customary conditions. The consideration payable by Oriental to BNS at closing of the Agreement will be $550.0 million in cash less any dividends paid by BNS after the execution of the Agreement but on or prior to the closing date.

The Bank operates an International Banking Entity (IBE) pursuant to the International Banking Center Regulatory Act of Puerto Rico, as amended, as a unit of the Bank. The IBE is exempt from Puerto Rico income taxes as well as property and volume of business taxes. The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Bank include the accounts of its IBE.

A summary of selected financial information for the IBE is as follows:

(2)          Natural disasters

In September 2017, Hurricanes Irma and Maria (the Hurricanes), impacted Puerto Rico, causing extensive damage and disrupting operations of the Bank. Following the passage of Hurricane Maria, all Puerto Rico was left without electrical power, other basic utility and infrastructure services (such as water, communications, ports and other transportation networks) were severely curtailed. As of October 31, 2019, electricity and water services have been restored to the clients of Puerto Rico’s electric and water utilities, but the electric system remains fragile. The damages caused by the Hurricanes are substantial and have had a material adverse impact on economic activity in Puerto Rico.

The following summarizes the estimated impact on the Bank’s earnings for the years ended October 31, 2018 and 2017 as a result of the impact caused by the Hurricanes (in thousands). Natural disasters had no impact on the Bank’s operations during 2019.

Provision for Loan and Lease Losses

Damages associated with the Hurricanes impacted certain of the Bank’s asset quality measures, including higher delinquencies and non-performing loans. An incremental provision expense of $39.8 million was recorded to the allowance for loan and lease losses based on management’s best estimate of the impact of the Hurricanes as of October 31, 2017 taking into consideration available information and the challenging economic environment in Puerto Rico. As part of the process followed by the Bank to assess the overall economic impact of the affected areas, the Bank followed its current allowance for loans and leases losses methodology incorporating additional information as to the possible impacts to be expected. With respect to the commercial portfolio, loans officers’ performed a reach-out exercise to further assess the impact on individual commercial borrowers focusing on large credit exposures which was used as a basis to estimate the possible Hurricanes’ impact. For retail portfolios, the loss estimates were calculated

considering a range of reasonable possible loss outcomes, based on a sensitivity analysis adjusting the Bank historical data for changes that were expected to continue into the future, eliminating and/or modifying factors in the past that no longer applied.

Management continued to closely monitor the performance of hurricane-affected loan customers, reviewed economic trends and their effect on credit quality in order to determine allowance for loans and lease losses as of October 31, 2018. As a result, the Bank recorded a net loan loss allowance reversal of $33.3 million in connection with revised estimates associated with the effects of the Hurricanes. In addition to updated assessments of financial performance and repayment prospects of certain individually-assessed commercial credits and updated payment patterns and probability of default credit risk analyses applied to consumer borrowers that were subject to payment deferral programs, the reserve releases in 2018 reflect the effect of payments received during 2018 that reduced the balance of the consumer and residential mortgage loan portfolios outstanding on the dates of the Hurricanes.

The Bank maintains insurance for casualty losses as well as for disaster response costs and certain revenue lost through business interruption. As of October 31, 2019, the Bank continues the claim process with insurance carriers related to business interruption and casualty losses.

(3)          Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions relating to reporting of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. The accounting policies that have a significant impact on the Bank’s consolidated financial statements and that require the most judgment include those relating to the valuation of the FDIC loss share indemnification asset, assumptions underlying the determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses and of both the accretable yield and nonaccretable differences in the acquired loans by the FDIC loss share agreements, evaluation of goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment, the valuation of investment securities and derivative instruments, evaluation of investment securities for other‑than‑temporary impairment (OTTI), depreciation of premises and equipment, the valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosure, accounting for uncertain tax positions, accounting for contingencies, valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets, valuation of servicing assets, and assets and obligations related to employee benefits. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The current economic environment in Puerto Rico has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in those estimates and assumptions.

The following is a description of the Bank’s most significant accounting policies:

(a)           Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Bank and its wholly owned subsidiary, SIPR. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

(b)           Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents may include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, and interest‑bearing certificates of deposit with other banks with original maturities of three months or less. 

(c)           Restricted Time Deposits

As of October 31, 2019 and 2018, as required by the International Bank Center Act, the IBE maintains a $300,000 time deposit with a financial institution in Puerto Rico, which is considered restricted.

In addition, certain laws and regulations applicable to the Bank require funds to be assigned to custodial accounts or invested in government obligations in order to be able to operate. The Bank has $100,000 as of October 31, 2019 and 2018 assigned in a custodial account with a financial institution in Puerto Rico.

(d)           Investment Securities

Investment securities are classified as held to maturity, trading, or available for sale as follows:

·               Debt securities in which the Bank has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity are classified as held to maturity and reported at amortized cost. At October 31, 2019 and 2018, the Bank had no investment securities classified as held to maturity.

·               Investment securities classified as trading securities are acquired and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near future. These investment securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings in the period in which the changes occur. At October 31, 2019 and 2018, the Bank had no trading securities.

·               Investment securities not classified as either investments held to maturity or trading, and which have a readily available fair value, are classified as investments available for sale and reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported, net of taxes, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

The fair value of investment securities is based on prices obtained from an independent nationally recognized pricing service or quotations received from recognized securities dealers and agreed by management. If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is determined from various sources depending on the nature of the investment, including valuation analyses prepared by third parties. Management performs periodic analyses to evaluate the reasonableness of these fair values. See note 23 for additional disclosures related to the fair value of the Bank’s financial instruments and other nonfinancial assets.

Transfers of investment securities between categories are recorded at fair value at the date of transfer. Unrealized holding gains and losses are recognized in operations for transfers into trading securities. Unrealized holding gains or losses associated with transfers of securities from held to maturity to available for sale are recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss). The unrealized holding gains or losses included in the separate component of other comprehensive income (loss) for securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity are maintained and amortized into operations over the remaining life of the security as an adjustment to yield in a manner consistent with the amortization or accretion of premium or discount on the associated security.

The amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts is recorded as an adjustment to interest income using the interest method over the terms of the investment securities. Net realized gains or losses on sales of investment securities available for sale, and unrealized loss valuation adjustments considered other than temporary, if any, on securities classified available for sale or held to maturity are reported as part of other noninterest income in the consolidated statements of operations. The cost of investment securities sold is determined by specific identification. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned.

Purchases and sales of investment securities are recorded at their trade date. Unsettled purchase transactions are recorded as part of the Bank’s investment positions and as a payable, while unsettled sales transactions are removed from the Bank’s investment positions and recorded as a receivable. As of October 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no unsettled purchase or sale transactions within other liabilities or other assets, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Under the requirements of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 320‑10‑35, Investments – Debt and Equity Securities – Subsequent Measurement, investment securities are evaluated for OTTI declines in fair value. The Bank conducts periodic reviews to identify and evaluate each investment security in an unrealized loss position for OTTI. Once a decline in value is determined to be other than temporary, the value of a debt security is reduced and a corresponding charge to earnings is recognized for anticipated credit losses. The OTTI analysis requires the Bank to consider various factors, which include, but are not limited to: (1) the length of time and the extent to which fair value has been less than the amortized‑cost basis, (2) the financial condition of the issuer or issuers, (3) actual collateral attributes, (4) the payment structure of the debt security and the likelihood of the issuer being able to make payments, (5) any rating changes by a rating agency, (6) adverse conditions specifically related to the security, industry, or a geographic area, and (7) management’s intent to sell

the security or whether it is more likely than not that the Bank would be required to sell the investment security before a forecasted recovery occurs.

In instances in which a determination is made that a credit loss (defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized‑cost basis) exists, but the Bank does not intend to sell the debt security and it is not more likely than not the Bank will be required to sell the debt security before the anticipated recovery of its remaining amortized‑cost basis (i.e., the amortized‑cost basis less any current period credit loss), the impairment is separated into (a) the amount of the total impairment related to the credit loss and (b) the amount of the total impairment related to all other factors. The amount of the total OTTI related to the credit loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. The amount of the total impairment related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). No other‑than‑temporary charges were recorded in operations during the years ended October 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

(e)           Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage loans held for sale are stated at the lower of cost or fair value, cost being determined based on the outstanding loan balance less unearned income, and fair value determined on an aggregate basis using current market prices in the secondary market. The cost basis also includes consideration of deferred origination fees and costs, which are recognized in earnings at the time of sale. The amount, by which cost exceeds fair value, if any, is accounted for as a valuation allowance with changes therein included in the determination of net income (loss) for the period in which the change occurs. Mortgage loans held for sale are mainly conforming mortgage loans originated and purchased, which from time to time the Bank sells to other financial institutions or securitizes conforming mortgage loans into Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC) pass‑through certificates. At October 31, 2019 and 2018, the fair value of mortgage loans held for sale exceeded their cost.

(f)            Loans and Allowance for Loans and Lease Losses

The Bank presents loans subject to the loss share agreements entered as part of the FDIC-assisted transaction as “covered loans” and loans not subject to the loss share agreements as “noncovered loans”.  Noncovered loans include any loans made outside of the FDIC loss share agreements before or after the April 30, 2010 FDIC‑assisted transaction and loans that have been transferred from the covered portfolio due to the expiration of the loss share agreement or elimination of the FDIC guarantee.

On July 12, 2019 the Bank entered into a single-family share loss termination agreement (the Termination Agreement) with the FDIC to terminate all rights and obligations between the parties.  The Termination Agreement resulted in the reclassification of the remaining portfolio of loans from covered loans to noncovered loans. The reclassified loans will continue to be accounted for under the provisions of ASC Subtopic 310-30 Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality.  For additional details on the loss share agreements, please refer to note 4.

Noncovered Loans Accounted for Under the Provisions of ASC Subtopic 310-20, Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs

Noncovered loans are classified as loans held for investment when management has the intent and ability to hold the loan for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff. The foreseeable future is a management judgment, which is determined based upon the type of loan, business strategies, current market conditions, asset and liability management, and liquidity. Management’s view of the foreseeable future may change based on changes in these conditions. When a decision is made to sell or securitize a loan that was not originated or initially acquired with the intent to sell or securitize, the loan is reclassified from held for investment into held for sale. Due to changing market conditions or other strategic initiatives, management’s intent with respect to the disposition of the loan may change, and accordingly, loans previously classified as held for sale may be reclassified into held for investment. Loans transferred between loans held for sale and held for investment classifications are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value at the date of transfer. Noncovered loans held for

investment are reported at their outstanding principal balances net of any unearned income, charge‑offs, unamortized deferred fees and costs on originated loans, premiums or discounts on purchased loans (other than those under the FDIC‑assisted transaction), and the allowance for loan and lease losses. Fees collected and costs incurred in the origination of new loans are deferred and amortized using the interest method or a method that approximates the interest method over the term of the loan as an adjustment to interest yield.

It is the general policy of the Bank to discontinue the accrual of interest when principal or interest payments are delinquent for 90 days or longer or when other factors indicate that the collection of principal and interest is doubtful. Noncovered loans for which the recognition of interest income has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual. All interest accrued but not collected for noncovered loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off are reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on a cash basis until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans return to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

The Bank follows a systematic methodology to establish and evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses (ALLL) to provide for inherent losses in the noncovered loan portfolio. This methodology consists of several key factors such as prevailing economic conditions and environmental factors, credit grading assigned to commercial loans, portfolio risk characteristics, prior loss experience, and results of periodic review of individual noncovered loans. The allowance for loan and lease losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan and lease losses charged to earnings. Management periodically reviews the allowance for loan and lease losses policy and methodology to reflect changes in portfolio trends, economic conditions, regulatory requirements, and other relevant factors.

The Bank’s methodology is determined in accordance with accounting guidance, specifically guidance in ASC Subtopic 450‑20, Loss Contingencies, for large groups of small balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and loan impairment guidance in ASC Section 310‑10‑35, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan, for commercial and industrial loans and residential mortgage loans over a predefined amount.

The allowance for loan and lease losses consists of the following two main components:

a)        A specific loan component, which is the allowance for impaired loans as required by ASC 310‑10‑35, and

b)        An inherent loss component for all other loans not individually evaluated for impairment but that, on a portfolio basis, is believed to have some inherent but unidentified loss in accordance with ASC 450‑20, and adjusted to consider the current status and recent trends of economic data affecting the Bank, its customers, and loan portfolios.

Under ASC 310‑10‑35, commercial and industrial including construction loans, and residential mortgage loans are evaluated on a loan‑by‑loan basis and are determined to be impaired when, based on current conditions and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The Bank measures for impairment all commercial and industrial including construction, and residential mortgage loans with an outstanding book balance over $500,000.

ASC 310-10-35 states that some impaired loans may have characteristics in common with other impaired loans.  As such, these loans may be aggregated and evaluated collectively for impairment.  The Bank applies this guidance to measure impairment for the following:

·         Residential Mortgages Trouble Debt Restructurings (TDR’s) with an outstanding balance under $500,000, and;

·         All other retail loans identified as TDR’s.

For commercial and industrial loans not meeting the Bank’s definition of loans to be individually evaluated for impairment and that comply with the following conditions an assessment is performed in order to determine if

any charge off shall be recorded against any of them: (1) loans with outstanding book balance lower than $500,000 but in nonaccrual status, (2) loans rated with regulatory risk rating of substandard or worse and/or have a delinquency over 90 days past due.

For residential mortgages not meeting the definition, a separate analysis is performed for all loans which are past due in excess of 150 days.  The individual analysis of each loan may result in the recognition of a partial charge off and/or specific reserve.

Impaired loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or as a practical expedient, at the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent. If such measurement is less than the recorded investment in the loan, the Bank recognizes the impairment by creating an allowance for loan and lease losses with a resulting charge to the provision for loan and lease losses. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

Under ASC 450‑20, the allowance for loan and lease losses calculation of the Bank is based on historical charge‑off experience adjusted for significant factors that, in management’s judgment, reflect the effect of any current conditions on loss recognition.  A loss emergence period (LEP) assumption adjusts the historical loss factor.  The LEP measures the period from when a loss triggering event occurs to the point in time when the loss is actually incurred.  The Bank uses empirical analysis of the time between the loss triggering events to the time when the loss confirmation occurs.  

Factors that management considers in the analysis to supplement the historical charge‑off experience include the following: levels of and trends in delinquencies and impaired loans; levels of and trends in charge‑offs and recoveries; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards, and other changes in lending policies, procedures and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; local economic trends and industry conditions; effects of external factors such as competition and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the current portfolio; and effects of changes in credit concentrations and collateral values.

The residential mortgage loans (only those with an outstanding book balance below $500,000 not evaluated under ASC 310‑10‑35) and consumer loans, which includes overdraft accounts, personal loans, auto loans, auto leases, credit cards, and revolving personal credits are considered homogenous loan portfolios, and are evaluated collectively for impairment.

The Bank applies an overall allowance percentage to each noncovered loan portfolio segment based on historical credit losses adjusted for current conditions and trends. Allowances on individual loans and historical loss rates are reviewed and adjusted as necessary based on changing borrower and/or collateral conditions and actual collection and charge‑off experience. While management uses current available information in estimating possible loan and lease losses, factors beyond the Bank’s control such as those affecting general economic conditions may require future changes to the allowance.

Noncovered loans, or portions thereof, are charged off in the period in which they are deemed uncollectible. The Bank has a policy of charging off consumer loans that are 120–180 days delinquent, depending on the collateral of the loan, consistent with federal and Puerto Rico regulations. Residential mortgage loans and collateral dependent commercial and industrial loans are written off, partially or in full, when it is probable a loss has occurred as the collateral is not sufficient to recover the investment in the loan. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

Cash payments received on impaired loans are recorded in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. The principal portion of the payment is used to reduce the principal balance of the loan, whereas the interest portion is recognized as interest income. However, when management believes the ultimate collectibility of principal is in doubt, the interest portion is applied to principal.

Covered and Noncovered Loans Accounted for Under ASC Subtopic 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality

Covered loans and noncovered loans acquired in the FDIC‑assisted transaction are accounted for under the provisions of ASC Subtopic 310‑30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. The Bank accounts for loans under ASC 310‑30 when (a) the Bank acquires loans deemed to be impaired, there is evidence of credit deterioration, and it is probable, at the date of acquisition, that the Bank would be unable to collect all contractually required payments and (b) as a general policy election for nonimpaired loans that the Bank acquires.

Under ASC 310‑30, the Bank is permitted to aggregate acquired loans into one or more pools, provided that the loans have common risk characteristics. A pool is then accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows. Under the circumstance that a pool of loans is acquired with a significant discount for credit, but it is determined that for some of the loans in the acquired loan pool, it is probable that all the contractual payments would be received (therefore, the loans meet the first criteria of ASC 310‑30‑15‑2 but not the second), the Bank applied the discount accretion guidance in ASC 310‑30, instead of the standard loan discount accretion guidance of ASC 310‑20 to those loans. As documented in a letter from the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Depository Institution Expert Panel to the Office of Chief Accountant of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), on December 5, 2009, the SEC addressed the recognition of discount accretion for loans acquired under these circumstances. As referred to in the AICPA’s letter, when loans are acquired with a significant discount for credit (e.g., at a fair value lower than the contractual amounts due) and such loans are not within the scope of ASC 310‑30, the AICPA believed that the SEC “would not object to an accounting policy based on contractual cash flows or an accounting policy based on expected cash flows,” meaning that an entity could either apply the accretion guidance of ASC 310‑20 or that of ASC 310‑30 to such loans. Consistent with the AICPA’s views, the Bank applied the guidance of ASC 310‑30 to all loans acquired in the transaction including loans that did not meet the scope of ASC 310‑30.

The acquired loans were recorded at their estimated fair value at the time of acquisition without considering the loss share agreements. Fair value of acquired loans was determined using a discounted cash flow model based on assumptions about the amount and timing of principal and interest payments, estimated prepayments, estimated default rates, estimated loss severity in the event of defaults, and current market rates. Estimated credit losses were included in the determination of fair value; therefore, an allowance for loan and lease losses was not recorded on the acquisition date.

In accordance with ASC 310‑30 and in estimating the fair value of loans at the acquisition date, the Bank (a) calculated the contractual amount and timing of undiscounted principal and interest payments (the undiscounted contractual cash flows) and (b) estimated the amount and timing of undiscounted expected principal and interest payments (the undiscounted expected cash flows). The difference between the undiscounted contractual cash flows and the undiscounted expected cash flows is the nonaccretable difference. The nonaccretable difference represents an estimate of the loss exposure in the acquired loan portfolio and such amount is subject to change over time based on the performance of the loans. The carrying value of acquired loans is reduced by payments received and increased by the portion of the accretable yield recognized as interest income.

The excess undiscounted expected cash flows at acquisition over the initial fair value of acquired loans is referred to as the “accretable yield” and is recorded as interest income over the estimated life of the loans using the effective‑yield method if the timing and amount of the future cash flows are reasonably estimable. For purposes of cash flow reporting, the amortization of accretable yield on loans is reduced from operating cash flows; all collections on acquired loans are included as cash flows from investing activities.

In addition, subsequent to acquisition, the Bank is required to periodically evaluate the estimate of cash flows expected to be collected. These evaluations require the continued usage of key assumptions and estimates, similar to the initial estimate of fair value. Given the current economic environment, management must apply judgment to develop its estimates of cash flows, changing loss severities, and prepayment speeds. The covered and noncovered loans subject to ASC 310‑30 are and will be reviewed for collectibility, based on the expectation of cash flows on these loans. As a result, if there are decreases in expected cash flows due to an increase in estimated credit losses compared to the most recent estimate of cash flows expected to be collected,

the decrease in the present value of expected cash flows will be recorded as a provision for loan losses charged to earnings and an allowance for loans will be established. For covered loans subject to ASC 310-30, a related credit to income and an increase in the FDIC loss share indemnification asset will be recognized at the same time, measured based on the loss share percentages as described in note 4. Increases in the expected cash flows will generally result in an increase in interest income over the remaining life of the pool of loans after reversing any previously recorded allowance for loan and lease losses. The impacts of (i) prepayments, (ii) changes in variable interest rates, and (iii) any other changes in the timing of expected cash flows are recognized prospectively as adjustments to interest income. Disposals of loans, which may include sales of loans to third parties, receipt of payments in full by the borrower, and foreclosure of the collateral, result in removal of the loan from the pool at its estimated carrying amount. For foreclosed properties, the estimated carrying amount is deemed to approximate the fair value of the repossessed property. This removal method assumes that the amounts received from resolution approximate pool performance expectations. The amount of cash flows expected to be collected, and accordingly, the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses due to certain decreases in expected cash flows, is particularly sensitive to changes in the loan credit quality.

During April 2019, the Bank revised the purchase credit impaired policy for all loans accounted for under ASC 310-30. Under the revised policy, the Bank writes-off the loan’s recorded investment and derecognizes the associated allowance for loan and lease losses for loans that exit the pools. The revised policy implementation was performed prospectively due to the immaterial impact for retrospective adoption. Prior to April 2019, the pool’s carrying value and allowance was determined by discounting expected cash flows at the pool’s effective yield.

When circumstances warrant, the Bank may modify acquired loans. The impact of these modifications is incorporated into the Bank’s periodic assessment of whether a probable and significant change in expected cash flows has occurred, and the loans continue to be reported and accounted for under ASC 310-30. The Bank monitors the performance of modifications and updates and/or refines assumptions as experience and changes in circumstances or data warrant.

If a loan’s contractual interest varies based on subsequent changes in an independent factor, such as an index or rate (e.g., prime rate), that loan’s contractually required payments receivable is calculated based on the factor as it changes over the life of the loan. Projections of future changes in the factor are not made for purposes of determining the effective interest or estimating cash flows expected to be collected. At acquisition date, the amount of cash flows expected to be collected is based on the index rate in effect at acquisition.

Loans accounted for under ASC 310‑30 are generally considered accruing and performing loans as the loans accrete interest income over the estimated life of the loan when cash flows are reasonably estimable. Accordingly, acquired impaired loans that are contractually past due are generally considered to be accruing and performing loans.

Acquired loans accounted for under ASC 310-30 are classified as loans held for investment when management has the intent and ability to hold the loan for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff. Management’s view of the foreseeable future may change based on changes in these conditions. When a decision is made to sell or securitize a loan that was not originated or initially acquired with the intent to sell or securitize, the loan is recorded as an exit event at the time of sale.

(g)           Covered Assets and the FDIC Loss Share Indemnification Asset

As a consequence of the FDIC‑assisted transaction, the Bank entered into two loss share agreements with the FDIC that cover certain assets acquired, which includes various types of loans and other real estate owned (OREO) (covered assets). Under the loss share agreements, the FDIC is obligated to reimburse the Bank for losses with respect to covered assets. The Bank will also reimburse the FDIC, under the same share coverage, for qualifying recoveries with respect to losses for which the FDIC may have reimbursed the Bank. The loss share agreements also provide for certain costs directly related to the collections and preservation of covered assets to be reimbursed at an 80% level. It is the Bank’s policy to recognize reimbursable expenses upon receipt of cash from the FDIC. Incurred expenses reimbursed by the FDIC under the loss share agreements amounting to $2.6 million, $15.4 million and $7.8 million as of October 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are presented as part of noninterest expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

As a result of the Termination Agreement executed in July 2019, assets covered by the loss share agreement, including covered loans were reclassified to noncovered loans. After July 2019, the Bank recognizes all future credit losses, expenses, gains and recoveries related to the formerly covered assets with no offset due to or from the FDIC.

The commercial (including construction) and consumer loans loss share agreement expired on June 30, 2015 with an additional recovery sharing period of three years thereafter which ended on June 30, 2018. During the agreement period, reporting on all shared assets is required whether or not the asset experienced a charge-off or expense claim. However, under the recovery period of the commercial and consumer loans loss share agreement, reporting only included recoveries and expenses related to recovery assets (a covered asset that had a previous claimable loss).

The recovery period certificates included two categories of net results; one related to OREO and the second related to loans.  The net results of each category (recoveries versus reimbursable expenses) cannot be netted when one of the certificates results in a net loss. Net losses are carried forward to the following certificate and on the final recovery quarter certificate of June 2018 a cumulative analysis was performed on each certificate category. As a result of the analysis and certificate calculation in June 2018, a net OREO loss carryforward amounting to $2.4 million was reimbursed subsequently by the FDIC.

Up until the end of the recovery period in June 2018, recovery amounts and expense reimbursements determined would be recognized based on the quarterly certificates once submitted to the FDIC. In case the quarterly certificate for the OREO category resulted in a net loss position that will be carried forward to the subsequent quarter, only the portion of the recoveries that are recognized as an FDIC payable would be offset against reimbursable expenses when recognizing the certificate. The Bank recognized $5.8 million and $2.6 million as of October 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, in recoveries expenses which are presented as part of noninterest expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Refer to note 4 for further details.

The acquisition date fair value of the expected loss reimbursements that the Bank will receive from the FDIC is recognized as an indemnification asset under ASC Topic 805, Business Combination. The fair value of the loss share indemnification asset represents the present value of the estimated cash payments expected to be received from the FDIC for future losses on covered assets, based on the credit adjustment estimated for each covered asset and the loss sharing percentages. These cash flows are then discounted at a market‑based rate to reflect the uncertainty of the timing and receipt of the loss sharing reimbursements from the FDIC. The amount ultimately collected for this asset is dependent upon the performance of the underlying covered assets, the passage of time, and claims submitted to the FDIC. These claims are submitted periodically to the FDIC following the provisions of the loss share agreements. The amounts claimed are subject to standard reviews by the Division of Resolutions and Receiverships of the FDIC who manages the loss share agreements, which could result in changes to the amounts previously claimed or the timing of recognition.

The Bank assesses the indemnification asset for collectibility. Amounts collectible from the FDIC through loss reimbursements comprise losses currently expected within the loss share term. A current period impairment is recorded to the extent that events or circumstances indicate that losses previously expected to occur within the loss share term are not expected to occur or will occur subsequent to loss share termination. Impairments are recorded as a current period charge to income included as part of noninterest expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. As of October 31, 2018, there were no indications of impairment as a result of such assessment. At October 31, 2019, as a result of the Termination Agreement executed on July 12, 2019 there is no outstanding balance related to the FDIC loss share Indemnification Asset. 

The FDIC loss share indemnification asset will be reduced as losses are recognized on covered assets and loss sharing payments are received from the FDIC. Expected credit losses in excess of acquisition‑date estimates will result in an increase in the FDIC loss share indemnification asset. Conversely, if expected credit losses are less than acquisition‑date estimates, the FDIC loss share indemnification asset will be reduced. The income statement effects of the FDIC loss share indemnification asset are included in noninterest income and include the accretion due to discounting and changes in expected reimbursements.

The Bank has determined that the accounting treatment for the indemnification asset should mirror the accounting for the indemnified assets. As such, where there is only a change in timing of expected collections

on loan pools, and not a change in aggregate collections, in other words, where loss assumptions have remained constant, there should be no significant impact on the indemnification asset except for a change related to the time value of money, assuming that the timing of the reimbursement of incurred loss is the only change. Where losses have increased and the respective assets are indemnified by the FDIC, the indemnification asset will be increased by the present value of anticipated future loss. Where losses have decreased on indemnified assets, the present value of the amount of the indemnification asset that was established, based upon the previously expected losses (and which are no longer to be claimed from the FDIC), will be amortized to income over the period of indemnification.

The Bank has segregated the indemnification asset into tranches, each tranche representing a pool of indemnified loans, as being accounted for under ASC 310‑30 and additional tranches that include the indemnified OREO portfolio. Periodically, in conjunction with the reforecast of the cash collection assumptions, each tranche of the indemnification asset is recalculated and the resulting effect on income is determined.  The time value of money incorporated into the present value computation is accreted into earnings over the shorter of the life of the loss share agreements or the holding period of the covered assets.

(h)           Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities

Under the provisions of ASC Topic 860‑20, Sales of Financial Assets, transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the transferor, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the transferor does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

The Bank periodically enters into loan participation agreements with the Puerto Rico branch of BNS (the Branch) and with other unrelated financial institutions. The loan participations to the Branch are considered sales and, therefore, not recognized on the Bank’s consolidated balance sheets.

For Puerto Rico income tax purposes, the Bank treats the transfers of loans, which do not qualify as “true sales” under the applicable accounting guidance, as sales, recognizing a deferred tax asset or liability on the transaction. For transfers of financial assets that satisfy the conditions to be accounted for as sales, the Bank derecognizes all assets sold; recognizes all assets obtained and liabilities incurred in consideration as proceeds of the sale, including servicing assets and servicing liabilities, if applicable; initially measures at fair value assets obtained and liabilities incurred in a sale; and recognizes in earnings any gain or loss on the sale. The guidance on transfer of financial assets requires a true sale analysis of the treatment of the transfer under state law as if the Bank was a debtor under the bankruptcy code. A true sale legal analysis includes several legally relevant factors, such as the nature and level of recourse to the transferor, and the nature of retained interests in the loans sold. The analytical conclusion as to a true sale is never absolute and unconditional, but contains qualifications based on the inherent equitable powers of a bankruptcy court, as well as the unsettled state of the common law. Once the legal isolation test has been met, other factors concerning the nature and extent of the transferor’s control over the transferred assets are taken into account in order to determine whether derecognition of assets is warranted.

When the Bank sells or securitizes mortgage loans, it generally makes customary representations and warranties regarding the characteristics of the loans sold. The Bank’s mortgage operations groups conforming conventional mortgage loans into pools that are exchanged for FHLMC, FNMA, and GNMA mortgage‑backed securities, which are generally sold to private investors, or sold directly to FHLMC, FNMA, or other private investors for cash. To the extent the loans do not meet specified characteristics, investors are generally entitled to require the Bank to repurchase such loans or indemnify the investor against losses if the assets do not meet certain guidelines. The Bank has not recorded any specific contingent liability in the consolidated financial statements for these customary representation and warranties related to loans sold by the Bank, and management believes that, based on historical data, the probability of payments and expected losses under these representation and warranty arrangements is not significant.  

GNMA programs allow financial institutions to buyback individual delinquent mortgage loans that meet certain criteria from the securitized loan pool for which the Bank provides servicing. At the Bank’s option and without

GNMA prior authorization, the Bank may repurchase such delinquent loans for an amount equal to 100% of the loan’s remaining principal balance. This buy‑back option is considered a conditional option until the delinquency criteria is met, at which time the option becomes unconditional. When the loans backing a GNMA security are initially securitized, the Bank treats the transaction as a sale for accounting purposes because the conditional nature of the buy‑back option means that the Bank does not maintain effective control over the loans, and therefore, these are derecognized from the consolidated balance sheets. When individual loans later meet GNMA’s specified delinquency criteria and are eligible for repurchase, the Bank is deemed to have regained effective control over these loans and they must be brought back onto the Bank’s books as assets at fair value, regardless of whether the Bank intends to exercise the buy‑back option. For the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, the Bank had recognized $60.1 million and $92.9 million of delinquent mortgage loans that met such option, respectively.  In addition, a corresponding offsetting liability is recorded for the same amount and is presented as part of other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Quality review procedures are performed by the Bank as required under the government agency programs to ensure that assets guideline qualifications are met. The Bank repurchased, pursuant to its repurchase option with GNMA, $38.0 million and $31.2 million in mortgage loans for the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decision to repurchase these loans was based on economic benefits of the transaction, which results in a reduction of the servicing costs for severely delinquent loans, mostly related to principal and interest advances.  The principal balance of these loans is fully guaranteed and the risk of loss related to these repurchased loans is generally limited.  The Bank places these loans under its loss mitigation programs and once brought back to current status, these may be either returned to portfolio or re-sold in the secondary market.

The Bank repurchased from loan sales to FNMA and FHLMC the amount of $3.3 million and $2.9 million for the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  These repurchases were recorded at fair value.

(i)            Servicing Assets

The Bank periodically sells or securitizes mortgage loans while retaining the obligation to perform the servicing of such loans. In addition, the Bank may purchase or assume the right to service loans originated by others. If the servicing asset or liability was purchased or assumed rather than undertaken in a sale or securitization of the financial assets being serviced, it shall be measured initially at its fair value, which is the price paid at the transaction date. An assumption of a servicing obligation does not result in separate recognition of a servicing liability, unless substantially all the risks and rewards inherent in the servicing liability have been effectively transferred. A servicing asset is recognized whenever the compensation for servicing is expected to more than adequately compensate the servicer for performing the servicing. Likewise, a servicing liability would be recognized in the event that servicing fees to be received are not expected to adequately compensate the Bank for its expected cost. Servicing assets are included as part of other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Mortgage loan servicing fees, which are based on a percentage of the principal balances of the loans serviced, are credited to income as loan payments are collected.

All separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent to the initial measurement, the Bank has elected to measure each class of servicing assets or liabilities by applying the fair value method at each reporting date. Changes in fair value resulting from the measurement of servicing assets or liabilities at each reporting date are reported in earnings in the period in which the changes occur, presented within mortgage banking activities in the consolidated statements of operations.

Net mortgage servicing fees, a component of mortgage banking activities in the consolidated statements of operations, include the changes from period to period in fair value of the servicing assets and liabilities, which may result from changes in the valuation model inputs or assumptions (principally reflecting changes in discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions) and other changes, representing changes due to collection of expected cash flows.

(j)            Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are charged to operating expenses and are computed on a straight‑line method over the estimated useful life of the depreciable assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the terms of the respective

leases or estimated useful lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. Expenditures for major improvements and remodeling are capitalized, and maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Costs of renewals and betterments are capitalized. When assets are disposed, their cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is reflected in earnings as realized or incurred, respectively.

The Bank has operating lease arrangements primarily associated with the rental of premises to support its branch network or for general office space. Certain of these arrangements are noncancelable and provide for rent escalations and renewal options. Rent expense on noncancelable operating leases with scheduled rent increases is recognized on a straight‑line basis over the lease term.

ASC 360‑10‑35‑47, Impairment and Disposal of Long‑Lived Assets, defines a long‑lived asset to be abandoned as disposed off when it ceases to be used. If an entity commits to a plan to abandon a long‑lived asset before the end of its previously estimated useful life, depreciation estimates shall be revised to reflect the use of the asset over its shortened useful life. The Bank may determine to abandon or dispose of a contract that is an operating lease based on when the Bank has completely vacated the space under an operating lease contract (cease to use date). The Bank will record a liability as of the “cease to use date” for costs that will continue to be incurred under the lease contract for the remaining terms without economic benefit. The cost included in the liability calculation will contain the aggregated fair value of any contracted rent and common area maintenance payments to be disbursed after the “cease to use date.” The liability will be adjusted for any sublease rental income that can be reasonably obtained.

The Bank evaluates for impairment its long‑lived assets to be held and used, and long‑lived assets to be disposed of, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In performing the review for recoverability, an estimate of the future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is made. If the sum of the future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) is less than the carrying amount of the assets, an impairment loss is recognized. The amount of the impairment is the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset. In the event of an asset retirement, the Bank recognizes a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period in which it is incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value of such liability can be made. The associated asset retirement costs are capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the long‑lived asset and depreciated over the shorter period between the useful life of the property or the lease term.

(k)           Other Real Estate Owned

Noncovered Other Real Estate Owned

OREO represents assets acquired through foreclosure or deeded to the Bank in lieu of foreclosure on real estate mortgage loans and commercial and consumer loans secured with real estate, and other assets, on which the borrowers have defaulted as to payment of principal and interest. Foreclosed assets are recorded at fair value of the property as of date of repossession. After the recognition of the OREO, the fair value adjusted by the expected historical realization of similar properties less cost to sell becomes the new cost basis for the OREO property. If an OREO property has mortgage insurance, the Bank will evaluate the probability that the mortgage insurance claim will be paid and will establish a receivable related to such claim. As of October 31, 2019 and 2018, the mortgage insurance receivable amounted to approximately $10.1 million and $11.2 million, respectively, which is recognized as part of other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Any write‑offs at date of acquisition are charged to the allowance for loan and lease losses. Expenses incurred in maintaining assets and subsequent write‑offs to reflect declines in the net realizable value of the property are included in noninterest expenses and noninterest income, respectively.

Covered Other Real Estate Owned

All OREO acquired in the FDIC‑assisted transaction of R‑G or arising from foreclosure of collateral associated with covered loans (as described above) are subject to indemnification pursuant to the FDIC loss share agreement and are referred to as covered OREO. Covered OREO are reported exclusive of expected reimbursements from the FDIC. Foreclosed assets are recorded at fair value adjusted by expected historical realization of similar properties less estimated cost to sell. Any future impairment related to the decrease in fair value on covered OREO will result in a reduction of the carrying amount charged to other noninterest income,

with a partially offsetting accretion of FDIC loss share indemnification asset for the loss reimbursement under the FDIC loss share agreements. Any recoveries of previous write‑downs are credited to other noninterest income with a corresponding charge to accretion of FDIC loss share indemnification asset for the portion of the recovery that is due to the FDIC. As a result of the Termination Agreement executed on July 2019 with the FDIC, assets covered by the single-family loss share agreement including covered OREO were reclassified to noncovered OREO.

(l)            Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a purchase business combination. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually in accordance with the provisions of ASC Subtopic 350‑20‑35, Subsequent Measurement.  

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350).  The objective of this ASU is to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Instead, under this ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. The Bank should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, the Bank should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. As permitted, the Bank early adopted this guidance in order to conduct its 2017 impairment test. Upon completion of the annual test as of June 30, 2017, goodwill was determined to be impaired by approximately $72.2 million.

The impairment recorded during 2017 was a result of the challenging environment mainly driven by the sustained recession of the Puerto Rico economy, the fiscal crisis in the Puerto Rico Government, fall in population and increases in unemployment rates which has led the Bank to experience slower growth than projected.

The following table shows the activity in goodwill and other intangibles for the years ended October 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:

Intangible assets other than goodwill, which are determined to have finite lives, are amortized based upon the estimated economic benefits received and evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The customer relationships intangible resulted from the R-G acquisition and represents the value attributed to the future economic net income resulting from the revenue produced by the existing customer relationships due to the cross selling ability of insurance products, such as home, life, and disability insurance, among others, during the mortgage

underwriting and closing process. The weighted average amortization period of the customer relationships and core deposit intangibles at inception approximated 9 and 10 years, respectively.

Amortization expense for the core deposit and customer relationships intangibles is recognized within noninterest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

(m)         Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Bank accounts for its hedging activities in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. All derivatives, whether freestanding or embedded, are recognized on the consolidated balance sheets at their fair value. On the date the derivative contract is entered into, the Bank designates the derivative as either a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (fair value hedge), a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (cash flow hedge), a foreign currency fair value or cash flow hedge (foreign currency hedge), or trading derivative. The Bank formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk‑management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as fair value, cash flow, or foreign currency hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. The Bank also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or that it has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, the Bank discontinues hedge accounting prospectively.

Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is highly effective and that is designated and qualifies as a fair value hedge, along with the loss or gain on the hedged asset or liability or unrecognized firm commitment of the hedged item that is attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in earnings.

Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is highly effective and that is designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge are recorded in other comprehensive income, until earnings are affected by the variability in cash flows of the designated hedged item. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is highly effective as hedge and that is designated and qualify as foreign currency hedge is recorded in either earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether the hedge transaction is a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge. Changes in the fair value of derivative trading instruments are reported in current‑period earnings.

The Bank discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when it is determined that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item, the derivative expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, the derivative is redesignated as a hedging instrument, because it is unlikely that a forecasted transaction will occur, a hedged firm commitment no longer meets the definition of a firm commitment, or management determines that designation of the derivative as a hedging instrument is no longer appropriate.

When hedge accounting is discontinued because it is determined that the derivative no longer qualifies as an effective fair value hedge, the Bank continues to carry the derivative on the consolidated balance sheets at its fair value, and no longer adjusts the hedged asset or liability for changes in fair value. The adjustment of the carrying amount of the hedged asset or liability is accounted for in the same manner as other components of the carrying amount of that asset or liability. When hedge accounting is discontinued because the hedged item no longer meets the definition of a firm commitment, the Bank continues to carry the derivative on the consolidated balance sheets at its fair value, removes any asset or liability that was recorded pursuant to recognition of the firm commitment from the consolidated balance sheets, and recognizes any gain or loss in earnings. When hedge accounting is discontinued because it is probable that a forecasted transaction will not occur, the Bank continues to carry the derivative on the consolidated balance sheets at its fair value, and gains and losses that were accumulated in other comprehensive income are recognized immediately in earnings. In all other situations in which hedge accounting is discontinued, the Bank continues to carry the derivative at its fair value on the consolidated balance sheets, and recognizes any changes in its fair value in earnings.

The Bank occasionally originates financial instruments that contain embedded derivatives. At inception of the financial instrument, the Bank assesses: (1) if the economic characteristics of the embedded derivative are

clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the financial instrument (host contract), (2) if the financial instrument that embodies both the embedded derivative and the host contract is measured at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings, or (3) if a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded instrument would not meet the definition of a derivative. If the embedded derivative does not meet any of these conditions, it is separated from the host and carried at fair value with changes recorded in current period earnings as part of noninterest income.

(n)           Income Taxes

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the Bank is required to estimate income taxes. This involves an estimate of current income tax expense together with an assessment of temporary differences resulting from differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The determination of current income tax expense involves estimates and assumptions that require the Bank to assume certain positions based on its interpretation of current tax laws and regulations. Changes in assumptions affecting estimates may be required in the future and estimated tax assets or liabilities may need to be increased or decreased accordingly. The accrual for tax contingencies is adjusted in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, case law, and emerging legislation. When particular matters arise, a number of years may elapse before such matters are audited and finally resolved. Favorable resolution of such matters could be recognized as a reduction to the Bank’s effective tax rate in the year of resolution. Unfavorable settlement of any particular issue could increase the effective tax rate and may require the use of cash in the year of resolution.

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A deferred tax valuation allowance is established if it is considered more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Bank follows the provisions of ASC Topic 740‑10‑25, Income Taxes Recognition, which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements. ASC 740‑10‑25 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. According to this pronouncement, tax benefits of uncertain tax positions are to be recorded only when the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained based on its technical merits. The amount recognized is the amount that represents the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being ultimately realized. A liability is recognized for any benefits claimed, or expected to be claimed, in tax return in excess of the benefit recorded in the consolidated financial statements, along with any interest and penalty (if applicable) on such excess. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are included within the provision for taxes on the consolidated statements of operations.

At October 31, 2019 and 2018, the Bank did not recognize any liability for unrecognized tax benefits.

(o)           Surplus Reserve

Banking Law of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico requires that, prior to the payment of dividends in any given year, at least 10% of the Bank’s annual net income, as defined, be transferred to the surplus account until the surplus reserve account at least equals the sum of the Bank’s paid‑in common and preferred stock capital. Any losses incurred by the Bank must first be charged to undivided profits and then to the surplus reserve. Amounts transferred to surplus reserve from the undivided profits are not available for distribution to its stockholders without the prior consent of the Puerto Rico Commissioner of Financial Institutions. At October 31, 2019 and 2018, the surplus reserve amounted to approximately $84.3 million and $75.4 million, respectively.

(p)           Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances, except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. GAAP requires that recognized revenue, expenses, gains, and losses be included in net income (loss). Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, cash flow hedges, and changes in the funded status of postretirement benefits are reported as a separate component of the stockholder’s equity section of the consolidated balance sheets, such items, along with net income (loss), are components of comprehensive income (loss).

(q)           Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Bank determines the fair value of its financial instruments based on the fair value framework established in ASC Subtopic 820‑10‑35, Fair Value Measurement, Subsequent Measurement, which establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs of valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical markets and for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820‑10‑35 are described below:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities

Level 2 – Quoted prices in markets that are not considered to be active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly

Level 3 – Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

(r)            Commitments and Contingencies

Liabilities for loss contingencies, arising from claims, assessments, litigations, fines, and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.

(s)            Reclassifications 

Certain amounts for the 2018 and 2017 consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. These reclassifications did not change reported stockholder’s equity or net income (loss) for 2018 and 2017.

(t)            New Accounting Updates Not Yet Adopted

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments. The FASB issued ASU 2019-04 in April 2019, which clarifies areas of guidance related to the recently issued standards on credit losses (Topic 326), derivatives and hedging (Topic 815), and recognition and measurement of financial instruments (Topic 825). Amendments to Topic 326 are mainly in the areas of accrued interest receivable, transfers of loans and debt securities between classifications, inclusion of expected recoveries in the allowance for credit losses and permitting a prepay-adjusted effective interest rate except for TDRs. Amendments to Topic 815 and Topic 825 are mainly in the areas of fair value hedges and equity securities accounted for under the measurement alternative, respectively. The amendments have the same effective date as ASU 2017-12 and ASU 2016-13.

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements. In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-01 which states that for lessors that are not manufacturers or dealers, the fair value of the underlying asset is its cost, less any volume or trade discounts, as long as there isn’t

a significant amount of time between acquisition of the asset and lease commencement; (2) clarifies that lessors in the scope of ASC 942 must classify principal payments received from sales-type and direct financing leases in investing activities in the statement of cash flows; and (3) clarifies the transition guidance related to certain interim disclosures provided in the year of adoption. To coincide with the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 (November 1, 2020 for the Bank). The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Bank’s consolidated financial statements.

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-20, Leases (Topic 842): Narrow-Scope Improvements for Lessors. In December 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-20 which allows lessors to make an accounting policy election of presenting sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from lessees on a net basis, (2) requires a lessor to exclude lessor costs paid directly by a lessee to third parties on the lessor’s behalf and include lessor costs that are paid by the lessor and reimbursed by the lessee in the measurement of variable lease revenue and the associated expense, and (3) clarifies that when lessors allocate variable payments to lease and non-lease components they are required to follow the recognition guidance in the new leases standard for the lease component and other applicable guidance, such as the new revenue standard, for the non-lease component. The amendments have the same effective date as ASU 2016-02 (November 1, 2020 for the Bank). ASU 2018-20 is not expected to have a material impact on Bank’s consolidated financial statements.

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. The amendments in this Update include items brought to the Board’s attention by stakeholders. The amendments align the implementation date for non-public entities’ annual financial statements with the implementation date for their interim financial statements and clarify the scope of the guidance in the amendments in Update 2016-13. The amendment clarifies that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. Impairment of receivables arising from operating leases will be accounted for in accordance with Topic 842, Leases. The amendments have the same effective date as ASU 2016-13.The adoption of this will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes. The amendments in this Update permit use of the OIS rate based on SOFR as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes under Topic 815 in addition to the UST, the LIBOR swap rate, the OIS rate based on the Fed Funds Effective Rate, and the SIFMA Municipal Swap Rate. The Bank’s implementation date for this pronouncement is November 1, 2020. The adoption of this will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.  

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-15, which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). Accordingly, ASU 2018-15 requires an entity (customer) in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the guidance in Subtopic 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which costs to expense. The ASU also requires the entity (customer) to expense the capitalized implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract over the term of the hosting arrangement, which includes reasonably certain renewals. This ASU is the final version of Proposed Accounting Standards Update 2018–230—Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which has been deleted. This ASU will be applied prospectively for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 for nonpublic entities. This ASU will be effective for the Bank on November 1, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. The effects of this standard on our consolidated statement of financial position, results of operations or cash flows are not expected to be material.

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans -General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure

Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. The FASB issued ASU 2018-14 in August 2018, which modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or postretirement plans. The most significant changes include the removal of the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year and the effects of a one-percentage point change in assumed health care cost trend rates on the aggregate of the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit costs and benefit obligation for postretirement health care benefits. In addition, certain disclosure requirements were added which include, but are not limited to, an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period. The amendments in this ASU are effective for nonpublic entities for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. This ASU will be effective for the Bank on November 1, 2022.  The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. Upon adoption of this standard, the Bank will be impacted principally by the simplified disclosures on defined benefit plans.

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, which modifies disclosure requirements related to fair value measurement. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Implementation on a prospective or retrospective basis varies by specific disclosure requirement. Early adoption is permitted. The standard also allows for early adoption of any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of this ASU while delaying adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. This ASU will be effective for the Bank on November 1, 2020. The new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated statements of operations or the consolidated statement of cash flows.

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-11, Leases - Targeted Improvements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11 to provide entities with relief from the costs of implementing certain aspects of the new leasing standard, ASU No. 2016-02. Specifically, under the amendments in ASU 2018-11: (1) entities may elect not to recast the comparative periods presented when transitioning to the new leasing standard, and (2) lessors may elect not to separate lease and non-lease components when certain conditions are met. The amendments have the same effective date as ASU 2016-02 (November 1, 2020 for the Bank). ASU 2018-11 is not expected to have a material impact on Bank’s consolidated financial statements.

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-09, Codification Improvements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09, which represents changes to clarify the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (the “Codification”), correct unintended application of guidance, or make minor improvements to the Codification that are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice or create a significant administrative cost to most entities. Some of the amendments make the Codification easier to understand and easier to apply by eliminating inconsistencies, providing needed clarifications, and improving the presentation of guidance in the Codification. The transition and effective date guidance is based on the facts and circumstances of each amendment. Some of the amendments in this ASU do not require transition guidance and will be effective upon issuance of this ASU. However, many of the amendments in this ASU do have transition guidance with effective dates.  The Bank does not expect to be materially impacted by these Codification improvements.

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The FASB issued ASU 2017-12 in August 2017, which makes more financial and nonfinancial hedging strategies eligible for hedge accounting and changes how companies assess effectiveness by, among other things, eliminating the requirement for entities to recognize hedge ineffectiveness each reporting period for cash flow hedges and requiring presentation of the changes in fair value of cash flow hedges in the same income statement line item(s) as the earnings effect of the hedged items when the hedged item affects earnings. The amendments in this update are effective for nonpublic entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. On November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10 to extend the amendments effective date for nonpublic entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021.  Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this Update should be applied using a modified retrospective approach as of the adoption date. The Bank does not anticipate that the adoption of this

accounting pronouncement will have a material effect on its consolidated statements of financial condition and results of operations since hedge ineffectiveness has been immaterial to the Bank.

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-07, Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. The FASB issued ASU 2017-07 in March 2017, which requires that an employer disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost of pension and postretirement benefit plans. The amendments also provide guidance on how to present the service cost component and the other components of net benefit cost in the income statement and allow only the service cost component of net benefit cost to be eligible for capitalization. The implementation of the ASU is effective November 1, 2019 for the Bank.

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. The FASB issued ASU 2016-18 in November 2016, which requires entities to present the changes in total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The new guidance also requires a reconciliation of the totals in the statement of cash flows to the related captions in the balance sheet if restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents are presented in a different line item in the balance sheet. ASU No. 2016-18 is effective for nonpublic entities for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. This ASU will be effective for the Bank on November 1, 2019.

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, which includes an impairment model (known as the current expected credit loss (CECL) model) that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses. ASU No. 2016-13 is effective for nonpublic entities for fiscal years, and interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2020. On November, 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10 to extend the effective date for nonpublic entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Bank has established a plan to comply with implementation date and continues to evaluate the extent of the potential impact and expects that portfolio composition and economic conditions at the time of adoption will be a factor.

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases): 1) a lease liability, which is the present value of a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments, and 2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Lessor accounting under the new guidance remains largely unchanged as it is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases, and operating leases. Leveraged leases have been eliminated, although lessors can continue to account for existing leveraged leases using the current accounting guidance. Other limited changes were made to align lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and the new revenue recognition standard. All entities will classify leases to determine how to recognize lease-related revenue and expense. Quantitative and qualitative disclosures are required by lessees and lessors to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The intention is to require enough information to supplement the amounts recorded in the financial statements so that users can understand more about the nature of an entity’s leasing activities. All entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. The new guidance requires these lease agreements to be recognized on the consolidated statements of financial condition as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability. On November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10 to extend the amendments effective date for nonpublic entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. 

FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements Topic 605 (Revenue Recognition), and most industry-specific guidance. ASU No. 2014-09 is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU No. 2014-09 also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU No. 2014-09 permits two methods of

adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14 to defer the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 for nonpublic entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Bank will adopt this ASU on November 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have material impact to the Bank’s statement of operations or financial condition.

(4)          FDIC‑Assisted Transaction

On April 30, 2010, the Bank entered into a Purchase and Assumption agreement with the FDIC to acquire certain assets and assume certain deposits and other liabilities of R‑G. In consideration for the excess assets acquired over liabilities assumed, the Bank issued a purchase money note to the FDIC.

In connection with the acquisition, the Bank also entered into two loss share agreements with the FDIC. Pursuant to the terms of the loss share agreements, the FDIC is required to reimburse the Bank for losses with respect to covered assets, beginning with the first dollar of loss incurred. The FDIC will reimburse the Bank for 80% of all qualifying losses with respect to covered assets. The Bank will reimburse the FDIC for 80% of qualifying recoveries with respect to losses for which the FDIC reimbursed the Bank. The loss share agreement applicable to single‑family residential mortgage loans and residential OREO provides for FDIC loss sharing and the Bank reimbursement to the FDIC to last for ten years, and the loss share agreement applicable to commercial loans, commercial real estate loans, credit cards, other consumer loans, and commercial OREO provides for FDIC loss sharing and the Bank reimbursement to the FDIC to last for five years (which expired on June 30, 2015), with additional recovery sharing which expired on June 30, 2018. The loss share agreements are subject to certain specified servicing procedures. The expected net reimbursements from the FDIC under the loss share agreements were recorded as an indemnification asset pursuant to the provisions of ASC 805 at its estimated acquisition date fair value.

In 2020, approximately 10 years following the acquisition date, the Bank would be required to make a true‑up payment (referred to as clawback provision) to the FDIC in the event that losses on covered assets under the loss share agreements have been less than the threshold as defined in the loss share agreements. The present value of that anticipated payment was recorded on the acquisition date as a charge‑back guarantee. Under the loss sharing agreements, the Bank would pay the FDIC 50% of the excess, if any, of:

(i)         20% of the intrinsic loss estimate, as defined in the loss sharing agreements, less

(ii)        The sum of:

(a)       25% of the asset discount (per bid) plus

(b)       25% of the cumulative shared‑loss payments plus

(c)       The sum of the period servicing amounts for every consecutive 12‑month period prior to and ending on the date that is 45 days following the last day of the final shared loss month in respect of each of the loss sharing agreements during which the loss sharing provisions of the applicable loss sharing agreements is in effect (defined as the product of the simple average of the principal amount of loss share loans and loss shared assets at the beginning and end of such period times 1%).

The FDIC loss share agreement expired on June 30, 2015 for commercial (including construction) and consumer loans, and for commercial OREOs. The loss share agreement for single-family residential mortgage loans, and for single-family OREOs was early terminated during July 2019 as detailed below.

On July 12, 2019 the Bank entered into a Termination Agreement with the FDIC to terminate the single-family loss share agreement.  Under the terms of the Termination Agreement, the Bank received a payment from the FDIC as consideration for the termination of the loss share agreement.  The Bank recorded a benefit of $9.1 million within the accretion of FDIC indemnification asset caption on the consolidated statement of operations calculated based on the difference between the Termination Agreement consideration received and the recorded amount of the FDIC loss share indemnification asset.  In addition, the Termination Agreement established that all obligations between the parties were terminated resulting in a benefit of $12.9 million due to the reversal of the clawback provision which was recognized as other expenses within the noninterest expense caption on the consolidated statements of operations.

The carrying amount and fair value of the clawback provision at October 31, 2018 was $17.0 million and $7.5 million, respectively. At October 31, 2019, as a result of the Termination Agreement executed on July 12, 2019, there is no outstanding balance for the FDIC clawback provision.

Changes in the FDIC loss share indemnification asset for the period from October 31, 2017 to October 31, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

(5)          Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash on hand and due from banks at October 31 consisted of the following:

The Bank is required to maintain certain daily reserve balances on hand in accordance with the Banking Law of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. At October 31, 2019 and 2018, the Bank was in compliance with said requirement. The average required reserve balance as of October 31, 2019 and 2018 amounted to $106.3 million and $116.5 million, respectively.

(6)          Investment Securities Available for Sale

The amortized cost and estimated market value of investment securities available for sale at October 31 were as follows:

The following tables present the Bank’s fair value and gross unrealized losses of investment securities available for sale by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in an unrealized loss position at October 31, 2019 and 2018.

Gross unrealized losses on securities available for sale as of October 31, 2019 and 2018 amounted to $2.9 million and $16.8 million, respectively. Management evaluates investment securities for OTTI declines in fair value on a quarterly

basis. Once a decline in value is determined to be other‑than‑temporary, the value of a debt security is reduced and a corresponding charge to earnings is recognized for anticipated credit losses. At October 31, 2019 and 2018, management performed its analysis of the investment securities in an unrealized loss position and concluded the securities were not other‑than‑temporarily impaired as of such date. Management has determined, based on its evaluation of the counterparty’s financial position and the fact that all principal and interest payments have been received as scheduled, there is no exposure to a credit loss related to these securities and expects to collect the remaining principal and interest in accordance with the securities agreements. The decrease in fair value is related to market risk. As of October 31, 2019, the Bank does not have the intent to sell debt securities in an unrealized loss position and it is not likely that the Bank will have to sell the investment securities prior to recovery of their amortized‑cost basis.

The contractual maturities of securities available for sale at October 31, 2019 were as follows:

Securities not due on a single contractual maturity date, such as mortgage‑backed securities are classified in the period of final contractual maturity. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because the borrower may have the right to call or prepay obligations.

Net proceeds from the sale of investment securities available for sale during the year ended October 31, 2019 amounted to approximately $186.8 million and the realized gain on those sales amounted to $3.4 million. No sales of investments securities available for sale were performed during 2018 and 2017.

(7)          Loans 

The Bank’s loan portfolio is comprised of covered loans and noncovered loans.  Covered loans were loans acquired during the FDIC-assisted transaction and subject to the loss share agreements previously described in note 4 and accounted for under the provisions of ASC Sub Topic 310-30.  Noncovered loans include any loans originated before or after the April 30, 2010 FDIC-assisted transaction (originated noncovered loans) or loans that have lost coverage or its guarantee has expired (acquired noncovered loans).  Acquired noncovered loans are accounted for under the provisions of ASC Subtopic 310-30 and originated noncovered loans are accounted for under the provisions of ASC Subtopic 310-20. 

At October 31, 2019 and 2018, the Bank’s loan portfolio, net of unearned income (including mortgage loans held for sale) consisted of the following:

(a)           Noncovered Loans

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in gross noncovered loans (excluding mortgage loans held for sale), net of unearned income at October 31, 2019 and 2018: