Exhibit 5.1

Jodie M. Bourdet

+1 415 693 2054

jbourdet@cooley.com

February 12, 2020

Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc.

1035 O’Brien Drive, Suite A

Menlo Park, CA 94025

Ladies and Gentlemen:

You have requested our opinion with respect to certain matters in connection with the offering by Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), of up to 10,925,000 shares (the “Shares”) (including up to 1,425,000 shares that may be sold pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise of an option to purchase additional shares) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-233134) (the “Registration Statement”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), the related prospectus included in the Registration Statement (the “Base Prospectus”) and the prospectus supplement dated February 11, 2020, filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Act (together with the Base Prospectus, the “Prospectus”).

In connection with this opinion, we have examined and relied upon the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and Amended and Restated Bylaws, each as currently in effect, and originals or copies certified to our satisfaction of such records, documents, certificates, memoranda and other instruments as in our judgment are necessary or appropriate to enable us to render the opinion expressed below. We have assumed the genuineness and authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as copies thereof, the accuracy, completeness and authenticity of certificates of public officials, and the due execution and delivery of all documents by all persons other than the Company where due execution and delivery are prerequisites to the effectiveness thereof. As to certain factual matters, we have relied upon a certificate of an officer of the Company and have not sought independently to verify such matters.

Our opinion is expressed only with respect to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. We express no opinion to the extent that any other laws are applicable to the subject matter hereof and express no opinion and provide no assurance as to compliance with any federal or state securities law, rule or regulation.

On the basis of the foregoing, and in reliance thereon, we are of the opinion that the Shares, when sold in accordance with the Registration Statement and the related Prospectus, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

Cooley LLP 101 California Street 5th Floor San Francisco, CA 94111-5800

t: (415) 693-2000 f: (415) 693-2222 cooley.com

Page Two

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus and to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to a Current Report of the Company on Form 8-K to be filed with the Commission for incorporation by reference into the Registration Statement.

Very truly yours,

COOLEY LLP

Cooley LLP 101 California Street 5th Floor San Francisco, CA 94111-5800

t: (415) 693-2000 f: (415) 693-2222 cooley.com