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EX-99.1 - EX-99.1 - Federal Street Acquisition Corp.a19-2105_2ex99d1.htm
EX-16.1 - EX-16.1 - Federal Street Acquisition Corp.a19-2105_2ex16d1.htm
EX-10.13 - EX-10.13 - Federal Street Acquisition Corp.a19-2105_2ex10d13.htm
EX-10.12 - EX-10.12 - Federal Street Acquisition Corp.a19-2105_2ex10d12.htm
EX-10.2 - EX-10.2 - Federal Street Acquisition Corp.a19-2105_2ex10d2.htm
EX-10.1 - EX-10.1 - Federal Street Acquisition Corp.a19-2105_2ex10d1.htm
EX-4.3 - EX-4.3 - Federal Street Acquisition Corp.a19-2105_2ex4d3.htm
EX-3.1 - EX-3.1 - Federal Street Acquisition Corp.a19-2105_2ex3d1.htm
8-K - 8-K - Federal Street Acquisition Corp.a19-2105_28k.htm

Exhibit 3.2

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED

 

BYLAWS
OF
FEDERAL STREET ACQUISITION CORP.
A Delaware Corporation

 

(Adopted as of January 4, 2019)

 

ARTICLE I.

 

OFFICES

 

Section 1.      Registered Office.  The registered office of the corporation within the State of Delaware shall be located at either (a) the principal place of business of the corporation in the State of Delaware or (b) the office of the corporation or individual acting as the corporation’s registered agent in Delaware.

 

Section 2.      The name of the corporation’s registered agent at such address shall be Corporation Service Company.  The registered office and/or registered agent of the corporation may be changed from time to time by action of the board of directors.

 

Section 3.      Other Offices.  The corporation may also have offices at such other places, both within and without the State of Delaware, as the board of directors may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may require.

 

ARTICLE II.

 

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

 

Section 1.      Annual Meetings.  An annual meeting of the stockholders shall be held each year within one hundred twenty (120) days after the close of the immediately preceding fiscal year of the corporation for the purpose of electing directors and conducting such other proper business as may come before the meeting.  The date, time and place, if any, and/or the means of remote communication, if any, of the annual meeting shall be determined by the board of directors of the corporation.  No annual meeting of stockholders need be held if not required by the corporation’s certificate of incorporation or by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

 

Section 2.      Special Meetings.  Special meetings of stockholders may be called for any purpose (including, without limitation, the filling of board vacancies and newly created directorships) and may be held at such time and place, within or without the State of Delaware, and/or by means of remote communication, as shall be stated in a written notice of meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof.  Such meetings may be called at any time by a majority of the members of the board of directors and shall be called by the president upon the written request of holders of shares entitled to cast not less than fifty percent (50%) of the votes at the meeting, which written request shall state the purpose or purposes of the meeting and shall be delivered to the president.  The date, time and place, if any, and/or the means of remote

 


 

communication, if any, of any special meeting of stockholders shall be determined by the board of directors of the corporation.

 

Section 3.      Place of Meetings.  The board of directors may designate any place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the place of meeting for any annual meeting or for any special meeting called by the board of directors and may also designate any means of remote communication with respect to such meeting.  If no designation is made, or if a special meeting be otherwise called, the place of meeting shall be the principal executive office of the corporation.

 

Section 4.      Notice.  Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, written or printed notice stating the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, and, in the case of special meetings, the purpose or purposes, of such meeting, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting.  All such notices shall be delivered, either personally, by mail, or by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given, by or at the direction of the board of directors, the president or the secretary, and if mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at his, her or its address as the same appears on the records of the corporation.  If given by electronic transmission, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered (a) if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (b) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (c) if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (1) such posting, and (2) the giving of such separate notice, and (d) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder.  Any such consent to a method of delivery of notice shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the corporation.  Any such consent to a method of delivery of notice shall be deemed revoked if (x) the corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two (2) consecutive notices given by the corporation in accordance with such consent and (y) such inability becomes known to the secretary or an assistant secretary of the corporation or to the transfer agent.  Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

 

Section 5.      Stockholders List.  The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of the stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder.  Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting: (1) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, and/or (2) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the corporation.  In the event that the corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the corporation may take reasonable steps to

 

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ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the corporation.  If the meeting is to be held at a place, then the list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the entire time the meeting is in progress, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.  If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder on a reasonably accessible electronic network during the entire time the meeting is in progress, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting.

 

Section 6.      Quorum.  The holders of a majority of the votes represented by the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders, except as otherwise provided by statute or by the corporation’s certificate of incorporation.  If a quorum is not present, the holders of a majority of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting, and entitled to vote at the meeting, may adjourn the meeting to another time and/or place, if any.  When a specified item of business requires a vote by a class or series (if the corporation shall then have outstanding shares of more than one class or series) voting as a class, the holders of a majority of the shares of such class or series shall constitute a quorum (as to such class or series) for the transaction of such item of business.

 

Section 7.      Adjourned Meetings.  When a meeting is adjourned to another time and place, if any, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place, if any, thereof and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken.  At the adjourned meeting, the corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.  If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

 

Section 8.      Vote Required.  When a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of the majority of votes represented by shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders, unless the question is one upon which by express provisions of an applicable law or of the corporation’s certificate of incorporation a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question.  Where a separate vote by class is required, the affirmative vote of the majority of shares of such class present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting shall be the act of such class.

 

Section 9.      Voting Rights.  Except as otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or by the corporation’s certificate of incorporation or any amendments thereto and subject to Section 3 of Article VI hereof, every stockholder shall at every meeting of the stockholders be entitled to one (1) vote in person or by proxy for each share of common stock held by such stockholder.

 

Section 10.    Proxies.  Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted

 

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upon after three (3) years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period.  A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power.  A proxy may be made irrevocable regardless of whether the interest with which it is coupled is an interest in the stock itself or an interest in the corporation generally.  Any proxy is suspended when the person executing the proxy is present at a meeting of stockholders and elects to vote, except that when such proxy is coupled with an interest and the fact of the interest appears on the face of the proxy, the agent named in the proxy shall have all voting and other rights referred to in the proxy, notwithstanding the presence of the person executing the proxy.  At each meeting of the stockholders, and before any voting commences, all proxies filed at or before the meeting shall be submitted to and examined by the secretary or a person designated by the secretary, and no shares may be represented or voted under a proxy that has been found to be invalid or irregular.

 

Section 11.    Action by Written Consent.  Any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the corporation, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken and bearing the dates of signature of the stockholders who signed the consent or consents, shall be signed by the holders of issued and outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in the state of Delaware, or the corporation’s principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book or books in which proceedings of meetings of the stockholders are recorded.  Delivery made to the corporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, or by reputable overnight courier service, or by facsimile or electronic mail, with confirmation of receipt.  All consents properly delivered in accordance with this section shall be deemed to be recorded when so delivered.  No written consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within sixty (60) days after the earliest dated consent delivered to the corporation as required by this section, written consents signed by the holders of a sufficient number of shares to take such corporate action are so recorded.  Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing.  Any action taken pursuant to such written consent or consents of the stockholders shall have the same force and effect as if taken by the stockholders at a meeting thereof.  Any copy, facsimile or other reliable reproduction of consent in writing may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing for any and all purposes for which the original writing could be used; provided that such copy, facsimile or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing.

 

Section 12.    Action by Facsimile, Electronic Mail or Other Electronic Transmission Consent.  A facsimile, electronic mail or other electronic transmission by a stockholder (or by any person authorized to act on such person’s behalf) of a written consent to an action to be taken (including the delivery of such a document in the .pdf, .tif, .gif, .peg or similar format attached to an electronic mail message) shall be deemed to be written, signed, dated and delivered to the corporation for the purposes of this Article; provided that any such facsimile, electronic mail or other electronic transmission sets forth or is delivered with information from which the corporation can determine (A) that the facsimile, electronic mail or other electronic transmission

 

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was transmitted by the stockholder or by a person authorized to act for the stockholder and (B) the date on which such stockholder or authorized person transmitted such facsimile, electronic mail or other electronic transmission.  The date on which such facsimile, electronic mail or other electronic transmission is transmitted shall be deemed to be the date on which such consent or proxy was signed, unless otherwise provided in such consent.  Any such facsimile, electronic mail or other electronic transmission of a consent or proxy shall be treated in all respects as an original executed consent and shall be considered to have the same binding legal effect as if it were the original signed version thereof delivered in person.  At the request of the board of directors or the Secretary of the corporation, each stockholder or other authorized person who delivered a consent by facsimile, electronic mail or other electronic transmission shall re-execute the original form thereof and deliver such original to the corporation at its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business or to an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded.

 

ARTICLE III.

 

DIRECTORS

 

Section 1.      General Powers.  The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the board of directors.

 

Section 2.      Number, Election and Term of Office.  The number of directors which shall constitute the first board of directors shall be eight (8).  Thereafter, the number of directors shall be established from time to time by resolution of the board of directors.  The directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote in the election of directors.  The directors shall be elected in this manner at the annual meeting of the stockholders, except as otherwise provided in Section 4 of this Article III.  Each director elected shall hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal as hereinafter provided.

 

Section 3.      Removal and Resignation.  Any director or the entire board of directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors.  Whenever the holders of any class or series are entitled to elect one or more directors by the provisions of the corporation’s certificate of incorporation, the provisions of this section shall apply, in respect to the removal without cause of a director or directors so elected, to the vote of the holders of the outstanding shares of that class or series and not to the vote of the outstanding shares as a whole.  Any director may resign at any time upon notice given in writing or by electronic transmission to the corporation.

 

Section 4.      Vacancies.  Except as otherwise provided in the corporation’s certificate of incorporation, board vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director.  Each director so chosen shall hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal as herein provided.

 

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Section 5.      Annual Meetings.  The annual meeting of each newly elected board of directors shall be held without notice (other than notice under these bylaws) immediately after, and at the same place, if any, as the annual meeting of stockholders.

 

Section 6.      Other Meetings and Notice.  Regular meetings, other than the annual meeting, of the board of directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place, if any, as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the board of directors and promptly communicated to all directors then in office.  Special meetings of the board of directors may be called by or at the request of at least two of the directors on at least 24 hours notice to each director, either personally, by telephone, by mail, and/or by electronic transmission.  In like manner and on like notice, the president must call a special meeting on the written request of at least a majority of the directors then in office promptly after receipt of such request.

 

Section 7.      Quorum, Required Vote and Adjournment.  Directors then in office holding a majority of the votes (or such greater number required by applicable law) of all directors then in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.  The vote of directors holding a majority of votes present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the board of directors.  If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the board of directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.  Each director shall be entitled to one vote on exactly the matter presented to the board for approval.

 

Section 8.      Committees.  The board of directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the directors then in office, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation, which to the extent provided in such resolution or these bylaws shall have and may exercise the powers of the board of directors in the management and affairs of the corporation, except as otherwise limited by law.  The board of directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee.  Such committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the board of directors.  Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the board of directors when required.

 

Section 9.      Committee Rules.  Each committee of the board of directors may fix its own rules of procedure and shall hold its meetings as provided by such rules, except as may otherwise be provided by a resolution of the board of directors designating such committee.  Unless otherwise provided in such a resolution, the presence of at least a majority of the members of the committee then in office shall be necessary to constitute a quorum.  In the event that a member and that member’s alternate, if alternates are designated by the board of directors as provided in Section 8 of this Article III, of such committee is or are absent or disqualified, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board of directors to act at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member.

 

Section 10.    Communications Equipment.  Members of the board of directors or any committee thereof may participate in and act at any meeting of such board or committee by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all

 

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persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in the meeting pursuant to this section shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

 

Section 11.    Waiver of Notice and Presumption of Assent.  Any member of the board of directors or any committee thereof who is present at a meeting shall be conclusively presumed to have waived notice of such meeting, except when such member attends for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.  Such member shall be conclusively presumed to have assented to any action taken unless his or her dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless his or her written dissent to such action shall be filed with the person acting as the secretary of the meeting before the adjournment thereof or shall be forwarded by registered mail to the secretary of the corporation immediately after the adjournment of the meeting.  Such right to dissent shall not apply to any member who voted in favor of such action.

 

Section 12.    Action by Written Consent.  Unless otherwise restricted by the corporation’s certificate of incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the board of directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board of directors or committee.  Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.

 

ARTICLE IV.

 

OFFICERS

 

Section 1.      Number.  The officers of the corporation shall be elected by the board of directors and may consist of a president and chief executive officer, one or more vice-presidents, a chief financial officer, a secretary, a treasurer, and such other officers and assistant officers as may be deemed necessary or desirable by the board of directors.  Any number of offices may be held by the same person.  In its discretion, the board of directors may choose not to fill any office for any period as it may deem advisable.

 

Section 2.      Election and Term of Office.  The officers of the corporation shall be elected annually by the board of directors at the first meeting of the board of directors held after each annual meeting of stockholders or as soon thereafter as conveniently may be.  Vacancies may be filled or new offices created and filled at any meeting of the board of directors.  Each officer shall hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal as hereinafter provided.

 

Section 3.      Removal.  Any officer or agent elected by the board of directors may be removed by the board of directors whenever in its judgment the best interests of the corporation would be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed.

 

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Section 4.      Vacancies.  Any vacancy occurring in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or otherwise, may be filled by the board of directors for the unexpired portion of the term by the board of directors then in office.

 

Section 5.      Compensation.  Compensation of all officers shall be fixed by the board of directors, and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such compensation by virtue of his or her also being a director of the corporation.

 

Section 6.      Chief Executive Officer.  The chief executive officer shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation.  In the absence of the chairman of the board, the chief executive officer shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and board of directors at which he or she is present.  Subject to the powers of the board of directors, the chief executive officer shall have general charge of the business, affairs and property of the corporation, and control over its officers, agents and employees, and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the board of directors are carried into effect.  The chief executive officer shall execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the board of directors to some other officer or agent of the corporation.  The chief executive officer shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or as may be provided in these bylaws.

 

Section 7.      President.  The president shall, under the direction of the chief executive officer, engage in the general and active management of the business of the corporation.  In the absence of the chairman of the board and the chief executive officer, the president shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and board of directors at which he or she is present.  Subject to the powers of the board of directors and the direction of the chief executive officer, the president shall have general charge of the business, affairs and property of the corporation, and control over its officers, agents and employees, and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the board of directors and the chief executive officer are carried into effect.  The president, in the absence of the chief executive officer, shall execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the board of directors to some other officer or agent of the corporation.  The president shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or as may be provided in these bylaws.

 

Section 8.      Chief Financial Officer.  The chief financial officer of the corporation shall, under the direction of the chief executive officer, be responsible for all financial and accounting matters and for the direction of the offices of treasurer and controller.  The chief financial officer shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the president or the board of directors or as may be provided in these bylaws, including, without limitation, all powers of the treasurer set forth in Section 11 of this Article IV.

 

Section 9.      Vice-presidents.  The vice-president, or if there shall be more than one, the vice-presidents in the order determined by the board of directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the president, act with all of the powers and be subject to all the restrictions of the

 

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president.  The vice-presidents shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors, the president or these bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe.

 

Section 10.    The Secretary and Assistant Secretaries.  The secretary shall attend all meetings of the board of directors, all meetings of the committees thereof and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the proceedings of the meetings in a book or books to be kept for that purpose.  Under the president’s supervision, the secretary shall give, or cause to be given, all notices required to be given by these bylaws or bylaw, and shall have such powers and perform such duties as the board of directors, the president or these bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe, and shall have custody of the corporate seal of the corporation, if any.  The secretary, or an assistant secretary, shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by his or her signature or by the signature of such assistant secretary.  The board of directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the corporation and to attest the affixing by his or her signature.  The assistant secretary, or if there be more than one, the assistant secretaries in the order determined by the board of directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors, the president, or secretary may, from time to time, prescribe.

 

Section 11.    The Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer.  The treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities; shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the corporation; shall deposit all monies and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the corporation as may be ordered by the board of directors; shall cause the funds of the corporation to be disbursed when such disbursements have been duly authorized, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements; shall render to the president and the board of directors, at its regular meeting or when the board of directors so requires, an account of the corporation; and shall have such powers and perform such duties as the board of directors, the president or these bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe.  If required by the board of directors, the treasurer shall give the corporation a bond (which shall be rendered every six (6) years) in such sums and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the board of directors for the faithful performance of the duties of the office of treasurer and for the restoration to the corporation, in case of death, resignation, retirement, or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money, and other property of whatever kind in the possession or under the control of the treasurer belonging to the corporation.  The assistant treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, the assistant treasurers in the order determined by the board of directors, shall in the absence or disability of the treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer.  The assistant treasurers shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors, the president or treasurer may, from time to time, prescribe.

 

Section 12.    Other Officers, Assistant Officers and Agents.  Officers, assistant officers and agents, if any, other than those whose duties are provided for in these bylaws, shall have such authority and perform such duties as may, from time to time, be prescribed by resolution of the board of directors.

 

Section 13.    Absence or Disability of Officers.  In the case of the absence or disability of any officer of the corporation and of any person hereby authorized to act in such officer’s place

 

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during such officer’s absence or disability, the board of directors may by resolution delegate the powers and duties of such officer to any other officer or to any director, or to any other person whom it may select.

 

ARTICLE V.

 

INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS AND OTHERS

 

Section 1.      General.  The corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless, unless prohibited from doing so by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted the corporation to provide prior to such amendment), any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether brought by or in the right of the corporation or any of its subsidiaries and whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a “proceeding”), or any appeal of such proceeding, by reason of or arising out of the fact that he or she, or any other person for whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director or officer of another corporation or of a partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, association or other enterprise, against all expenses, liabilities and losses (including attorneys’ fees, costs and charges, and related disbursements, judgments, fines, excise taxes or penalties under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time (“ERISA”), penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) actually and reasonably incurred or suffered by him or her in connection with such proceeding if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding to which he or she is a party or threatened to be made a party, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.  The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.  Each employee and agent of the corporation and each person who serves or may have served at the request of the corporation as an employee or agent of another corporation, or as an employee or agent of any partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, association or other enterprise may, in the discretion of the board of directors, be indemnified by the corporation to the same extent as provided herein with respect to directors and officers of the corporation.  The provisions of this Section 1 of Article V shall apply to any member of any committee appointed by the board of directors of the corporation as fully as though such person shall have been an officer or director of the corporation.  The right to indemnification conferred in this Article V shall be a contract right and, subject to Sections 2 and 3 of this Article V, shall include the right to be paid by the corporation the expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition.

 

Section 2.      Procedure.  Any indemnification of a director or officer of the corporation provided for under Section 1 of this Article V or advance of expenses (including attorneys’ fees,

 

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costs and charges) provided for under Section 3 of this Article V shall be made promptly, and in any event within forty-five (45) days (or, in the case of an advance of expenses, twenty (20) days, provided that the undertaking contemplated by Section 3 of this Article V has been delivered to the corporation), upon the written request of the director or officer.  If a determination by the corporation that the director or officer is entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Article V is required, and the corporation fails to respond within sixty (60) days to a written request for indemnity, the corporation shall be deemed to have approved the request.  If the corporation wrongfully denies a written request for indemnification or advancing of expenses, in whole or in part, or if payment in full pursuant to such request is not properly made within forty-five (45) days (or, in the case of an advance of expenses, twenty (20) days, provided that the undertaking contemplated by Section 3 of this Article V has been delivered to the corporation), the right to indemnification or advances as granted by this Article V shall be enforceable by the director or officer in any court of competent jurisdiction.  Such person’s costs and expenses incurred in connection with successfully establishing his or her right to indemnification, in whole or in part, in any such action shall also be indemnified by the corporation.  It shall be a defense to any such action for indemnification or the advance of expenses (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required undertaking, if any, has been tendered to the corporation) that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct which make it permissible under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware for the corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed, but the burden of such defense shall be on the corporation.  Neither the failure of the corporation (including its board of directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, nor an actual determination by the corporation (including its board of directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholder) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.

 

Section 3.      Advances for Expenses.  Expenses incurred by any person described in Section 1 of this Article V in defending a proceeding shall be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay such amount if it shall be ultimately determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation.

 

Section 4.      Rights Not Exclusive.  The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, the other subsections of this Article V shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may now or hereafter be entitled under any law, bylaw, provision of the corporation’s certificate of incorporation, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his or her official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.

 

Section 5.      Exception to Right of Indemnification or Advancement of Expenses.  Notwithstanding any other subsections of this Article V and except as may otherwise be agreed by the corporation, no person shall be entitled to indemnification or advancement of expenses by

 

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the corporation with respect to proceeding brought by such person (other than a proceeding brought by such person (a) by way of defense or counterclaim, (b) to enforce such person’s rights under the corporation’s certificate of incorporation or under these bylaws, or (c) to enforce any other rights of such person to indemnification or advancement of expenses by the corporation under any contract or under statute or applicable law, including any rights under Section 145 of the DGCL), unless the bringing of such proceeding shall have been approved by the board of directors of the corporation.

 

Section 6.      Insurance.  The corporation shall have power to purchase and maintain insurance on its own behalf and on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, association or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against such expense, liability or loss under the provisions of this Article V.

 

Section 7.      Service for Subsidiaries.  Any person serving, or who has served, as a director or officer of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, association or other enterprise, at least 50% of whose equity interests or assets are owned, directly or indirectly, by the corporation (a “subsidiary” for this Article V) shall be conclusively presumed to be, or to have been, serving in such capacity at the request of the corporation.

 

Section 8.      Reliance.  Persons who after the date of the adoption of the provisions of this Article V become or remain directors or officers of the corporation or who, while a director or officer of the corporation, become or remain a director or officer of a subsidiary, shall be conclusively presumed to have relied on the rights to indemnity, advance of expenses and other rights contained in this Article V in entering into or continuing such service.  The rights to indemnification and to the advance of expenses conferred in this Article V shall apply to claims made against an indemnitee arising out of acts or omissions which occurred or occur both prior and subsequent to the adoption hereof.

 

Section 9.      Contract Rights.  The provisions of this Article V shall be deemed to be a vested contract right between the corporation and each director and officer who serves in any such capacity at any time while this Article V and the relevant provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or other applicable law are in effect.  Such contract right shall vest for each director and officer at the time such person is elected or appointed to such position, and no repeal or modification of this Article V or any such law shall affect any such vested rights or obligations of any current or former director or officer with respect to any actual or threatened action, suit or proceeding arising out of, or relating to, any actions, transactions or facts occurring prior to the final adoption of such repeal or modification.

 

Section 10.    Definitions.  For the purposes of this Article V, (a) references to “the corporation” include, in addition to the resulting corporation, all constituent corporations (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger as well as the resulting or surviving corporation so that any person who is or was a director or officer of such a constituent corporation or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a

 

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director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, association or other enterprise shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article V with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he or she would if he or she had served the resulting or surviving corporation in the same capacity; (b) references to “other enterprises” include employee benefit plans; (c) references to “fines” include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to any employee benefit plan; (d) references to “serving at the request of the corporation” shall include any service as a director or officer of the corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director or officer with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and (e) a person who acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the corporation.”

 

Section 11.    Survival of Rights.  The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by or granted pursuant to this Article V shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

 

Section 12.    Savings Clause.  If this Article V or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the corporation shall nevertheless indemnify and advance expenses to each person entitled to indemnification under Section 1 of this Article V as to all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees and related disbursements, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes and penalties, penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) actually and reasonably incurred or suffered by such person and for which indemnification or advancement of expenses is available to such person pursuant to this Article V to the fullest extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Article V that shall not have been invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.

 

Section 13.    Jurisdiction.  The Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall have exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine all actions for indemnification or advancement of expenses brought with respect to this Article V, and the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware may summarily determine the corporation’s obligation to advance expenses (including attorneys’ fees, costs and charges) under this Article V.

 

ARTICLE VI.

 

CERTIFICATES OF STOCK

 

Section 1.      Certificates of Shares.  The shares of the corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the board of directors of the corporation may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the corporation. Notwithstanding the adoption of such a resolution by the board of directors, every holder of stock represented by certificates and upon request every holder of uncertificated shares shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the corporation by the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or Vice President, and by the Secretary or Treasurer of the corporation representing the number of shares registered in

 

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certificate form. Any or all the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer or officers who have signed, or whose facsimile, electronic mail or other electronic signature or signatures have been used on, any such certificate or certificates shall cease to be such officer or officers of the corporation whether because of death, resignation or otherwise before such certificate or certificates have been delivered by the corporation, such certificate or certificates may nevertheless be issued and delivered as though the person or persons who signed such certificate or certificates or whose facsimile, electronic mail or other electronic signature or signatures have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer or officers of the corporation.

 

Section 2.      Transfer of Shares. Transfers of shares of the corporation shall be made only on the books of the corporation by the holder of record thereof or by his or her legal representative, who shall furnish proper evidence of authority to transfer, or by his or her attorney thereunto authorized by power of attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary of the corporation, and on surrender for cancellation of certificate for such shares. No transfer of stock shall be valid as against the corporation for any purposes until it shall have been entered in the stock records of the corporation by an entry showing from and to whom transferred.

 

Section 3.      Lost Certificates.  The board of directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates previously issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen, or destroyed.  When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the board of directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen, or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his or her legal representative, to give the corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify the corporation against any claim that may be made against the corporation on account of the loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.

 

Section 4.      Fixing a Record Date for Stockholder Meetings.  In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting.  If no record date is fixed by the board of directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be the close of business on the next day preceding the day on which notice is given, or if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.  A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided that the board of directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

 

Section 5.      Fixing a Record Date for Action by Written Consent.  In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors, and which date shall not be more than ten days after the date upon which the resolution

 

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fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors.  If no record date has been fixed by the board of directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the board of directors is required by statute, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded.  Delivery made to the corporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested or by facsimile, electronic mail or other electronic transmission, with confirmation of receipt.  If no record date has been fixed by the board of directors and prior action by the board of directors is required by statute, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.

 

Section 6.      Fixing a Record Date for Other Purposes.  In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment or any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purposes of any other lawful action, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty days prior to such action.  If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

 

Section 7.              Registered Stockholders.  Before due presentment for registration of transfer of a certificate representing shares of the corporation or of an instruction requesting registration of transfer of uncertificated shares, the corporation may treat the registered owner as the person exclusively entitled to inspect for any proper purpose the stock ledger and the other books and records of the corporation, vote such shares, receive dividends or notifications with respect to such shares and otherwise exercise all the rights and powers of the owner of such shares, except that a person who is the beneficial owner of such shares (if held in a voting trust or by a nominee on behalf of such person) may, upon providing documentary evidence of beneficial ownership of such shares and satisfying such other conditions as are provided under applicable law, may also so inspect the books and records of the corporation.

 

Section 8.      Subscriptions for Stock.  Unless otherwise provided for in the subscription agreement, subscriptions for shares shall be paid in full at such time, or in such installments and at such times, as shall be determined by the board of directors.  Any call made by the board of directors for payment on subscriptions shall be uniform as to all shares of the same class or as to all shares of the same series.  In case of default in the payment of any installment or call when such payment is due, the corporation may proceed to collect the amount due in the same manner as any debt due the corporation.

 

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ARTICLE VII.

 

GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

Section 1.      Dividends.  Subject to any applicable provisions of the corporation’s certificate of incorporation, dividends payable upon the capital stock of the corporation may be declared by the board of directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to law.  Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the corporation’s certificate of incorporation.  Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, or any other purpose and the directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.

 

Section 2.      Checks, Drafts or Orders.  All checks, drafts, or other orders for the payment of money by or to the corporation and all notes and other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers, agent or agents of the corporation, and in such manner, as shall be determined by resolution of the board of directors or a duly authorized committee thereof.

 

Section 3.      Contracts.  The board of directors may authorize any officer or officers, or any agent or agents, of the corporation to enter into any contract or to execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

 

Section 4.      Loans.  The corporation may lend money to, or guarantee any obligation of, or otherwise assist any officer or other employee of the corporation or of its subsidiary, including any officer or employee who is a director of the corporation or its subsidiary, whenever, in the judgment of the directors, such loan, guaranty or assistance may reasonably be expected to benefit the corporation.  The loan, guaranty or other assistance may be with or without interest, and may be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the board of directors shall approve, including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of stock of the corporation.  Nothing in this section contained shall be deemed to deny, limit or restrict the powers of guaranty or warranty of the corporation at common law or under any statute.

 

Section 5.      Fiscal Year.  The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the board of directors.

 

Section 6.      Corporate Seal.  The board of directors may provide a corporate seal which shall be in the form of a circle and shall have inscribed thereon the name of the corporation and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware”.  The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

 

Section 7.      Voting Securities Owned By Corporation.  Voting securities in any other corporation or other entity (such as a limited liability company, limited partnership or trust) held by the corporation shall be voted as directed by the board of directors, unless the board of

 

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directors specifically confers authority to vote with respect thereto, which authority may be general or confined to specific instances, upon some other person or officer.  Any person authorized to vote securities shall have the power to appoint proxies, with general power of substitution.

 

Section 8.      Inspection of Books and Records.  Any stockholder of record, in person or by attorney or other agent, shall, upon written demand under oath stating the purpose thereof, have the right during the usual hours for business to inspect for any proper purpose the corporation’s stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records, and to make copies or extracts therefrom.  A proper purpose shall mean any purpose reasonably related to such person’s interest as a stockholder.  In every instance where an attorney or other agent shall be the person who seeks the right to inspection, the demand under oath shall be accompanied by a power of attorney or such other writing which authorizes the attorney or other agent to so act on behalf of the stockholder.  The demand under oath shall be directed to the corporation at its registered office in the State of Delaware or at its principal place of business.

 

Section 9.      Exclusive Jurisdiction.  The Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer of the corporation to the corporation or the corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the corporation arising pursuant to any provision of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or the corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the corporation governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

 

Section 10.    Section Headings.  Section headings in these bylaws are for convenience of reference only and shall not be given any substantive effect in limiting or otherwise construing any provision herein.

 

Section 11.    Inconsistent Provisions.  In the event that any provision of these bylaws is or becomes inconsistent with any provision of the corporation’s certificate of incorporation, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or any other applicable law, the provision of these bylaws shall not be given any effect to the extent of such inconsistency but shall otherwise be given full force and effect.

 

ARTICLE VIII.

 

AMENDMENTS

 

These bylaws may be amended, altered, or repealed and new bylaws adopted at any meeting of the board of directors at which a quorum is present by a vote of a majority of the directors.  The fact that the power to adopt, amend, alter, or repeal the bylaws has been conferred upon the board of directors shall not divest the stockholders of the same powers.

 

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