VOYA RETIREMENT INSURANCE & ANNUITY Co - FORM 10-Q

Attached files

file	filename
EX-32.2 - EXHIBIT 32.2 - VOYA RETIREMENT INSURANCE & ANNUITY Co	vriac2018q310-qex322.htm
EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - VOYA RETIREMENT INSURANCE & ANNUITY Co	vriac2018q310-qex321.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - VOYA RETIREMENT INSURANCE & ANNUITY Co	vriac2018q310-qex312.htm
EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - VOYA RETIREMENT INSURANCE & ANNUITY Co	vriac2018q310-qex311.htm

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

——————————————————————

FORM 10-Q



(Mark One)
ý	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018



o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 033-23376

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Connecticut	71-0294708
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)



One Orange Way
Windsor, Connecticut	06095-4774
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(860) 580-4646

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



Large accelerated filer o	Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer x	Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

As of November 14, 2018, 55,000 shares of Common Stock, $50 par value were outstanding, all of which were directly owned by Voya Holdings Inc.

NOTE: WHEREAS VOYA RETIREMENT INSURANCE AND ANNUITY COMPANY MEETS THE CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN GENERAL INSTRUCTION H(1)(a) AND (b) OF FORM 10-Q, THIS FORM IS BEING FILED WITH THE REDUCED DISCLOSURE FORMAT PURSUANT TO GENERAL INSTRUCTION H(2).



	1

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2018

INDEX

		PAGE
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)


Item 1.	Financial Statements:
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder's Equity	8
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	9
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10

Item 2.	Management's Narrative Analysis of the Results of Operations and Financial Condition	64

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	82


PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	84

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	84

Item 6.	Exhibits	84

Signature		85

Exhibit Index		86



	2

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, "VRIAC" refers to Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and the "Company," "we," "our" and "us" refer to VRIAC and its wholly owned subsidiaries.

NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including "Risk Factors" and "Management’s Narrative Analysis of the Results of Operations and Financial Condition" contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements relating to future developments in our business or expectations for our future financial performance and any statement not involving a historical fact. Forward-looking statements use words such as "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "plan," and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with a discussion of future operating or financial performance. Actual results, performance or events may differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statement due to, among other things, (i) general economic conditions, particularly economic conditions in our core markets, (ii) performance of financial markets, including emerging markets, (iii) the frequency and severity of insured loss events, (iv) mortality and morbidity levels, (v) persistency and lapse levels, (vi) interest rates, (vii) currency exchange rates, (viii) general competitive factors, (ix) changes in laws and regulations, including those relating to insurance regulatory reform initiatives applicable to captive reinsurance entities and those made pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act or the U.S. Department of Labor's final rules and exemptions pertaining to the fiduciary status of providers of investment advice; and (x) changes in the policies of governments and/or regulatory authorities; and (xi) our parent company, Voya Financial, Inc.'s ability to successfully manage the separation of Venerable (as defined below), including the transition services on the expected timeline and economic terms. Factors that may cause actual results to differ from those in any forward-looking statement also include those described under "Risk Factors" and "Management’s Narrative Analysis of the Results of Operations and Financial Condition" in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (File No. 033-23376) (the "Annual Report on Form 10-K") and "Risk Factors," in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The risks included here are not exhaustive. Current reports on Form 8-K and other documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") include additional factors that could affect our businesses and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a rapidly changing and competitive environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors.



	3

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)

Item 1. Financial Statements

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

September 30, 2018 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2017

(In millions, except share and per share data)



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Assets
Investments:
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $22,313 as of 2018 and $21,774 as of 2017)	$	22,586	$	23,141
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option	1,090		941
Equity securities, at fair value (cost of $48 as of 2018 and $45 as of 2017)	62		60
Short-term investments	—		25
Mortgage loans on real estate, net of valuation allowance of $1 as of 2018 and 2017	5,016		4,910
Policy loans	212		214
Limited partnerships/corporations	570		411
Derivatives	192		136
Securities pledged (amortized cost of $938 as of 2018 and $864 as of 2017)	985		960
Other investments	39		—
Total investments	30,752		30,798
Cash and cash equivalents	217		288
Short-term investments under securities loan agreements, including collateral delivered	801		765
Accrued investment income	333		304
Premiums receivable and reinsurance recoverable	1,423		1,496
Deferred policy acquisition costs, Value of business acquired and Sales inducements to contract owners	1,077		766
Notes receivable from affiliate	—		175
Short-term loan to affiliate	—		80
Due from affiliates	55		60
Property and equipment	63		64
Other assets	172		140
Assets held in separate accounts	76,398		73,036
Total assets	$	111,291	$	107,972



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

	4

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

September 30, 2018 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2017

(In millions, except share and per share data)



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Liabilities and Shareholder's Equity
Future policy benefits and contract owner account balances	$	30,149	$	29,669
Payable for securities purchased	88		79
Payables under securities loan agreements, including collateral held	935		845
Short-term debt	1		—
Long-term debt	4		5
Due to affiliates	56		61
Derivatives	85		85
Current income tax payable to Parent	2		23
Deferred income taxes	58		187
Other liabilities	248		401
Liabilities related to separate accounts	76,398		73,036
Total liabilities	108,024		104,391

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 9)

Shareholder's equity:
Common stock (100,000 shares authorized, 55,000 issued and outstanding as of 2018 and 2017; $50 par value per share)	3		3
Additional paid-in capital	2,728		2,730
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	201		818
Retained earnings (deficit)	335		30
Total shareholder's equity	3,267		3,581
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity	$	111,291	$	107,972



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

	5

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)

(In millions)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenues:
Net investment income	$	425		$	379		$	1,204		$	1,136
Fee income	177			170			526			537
Premiums	13			11			35			35
Broker-dealer commission revenue	1			42			69			128
Net realized capital gains (losses):
Total other-than-temporary impairments	(6		)	—			(15		)	—
Less: Portion of other-than-temporary impairments recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss)	—			—			1			—
Net other-than-temporary impairments recognized in earnings	(6		)	—			(16		)	—
Other net realized capital gains (losses)	(38		)	(42		)	(198		)	(145		)
Total net realized capital gains (losses)	(44		)	(42		)	(214		)	(145		)
Other revenue	6			(1		)	8			1
Total revenues	578			559			1,628			1,692
Benefits and expenses:
Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders	227			240			625			720
Operating expenses	183			194			469			605
Broker-dealer commission expense	1			42			69			128
Net amortization of Deferred policy acquisition costs and Value of business acquired	(28		)	84			54			220
Total benefits and expenses	383			560			1,217			1,673
Income (loss) before income taxes	195			(1		)	411			19
Income tax expense (benefit)	34			(13		)	64			(21		)
Net income (loss)	$	161		$	12		$	347		$	40



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

	6

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)

(In millions)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Net income (loss)	$	161		$	12		$	347		$	40
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
Unrealized gains/losses on securities	(83		)	70			(783		)	354
Other-than-temporary impairments	1			—			8			2
Pension and other postretirement benefits liability	(1		)	(1		)	(2		)	(2		)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	(83		)	69			(777		)	354
Income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive income (loss)	(24		)	24			(172		)	123
Other comprehensive income (loss), after tax	(59		)	45			(605		)	231
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	102		$	57		$	(258	)	$	271



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

	7

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder’s Equity

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)

(In millions)



	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Retained Earnings (Deficit)			Total Shareholder's Equity
Balance as of January 1, 2018	$	3	$	2,730		$	818		$	30		$	3,581
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting:
Adjustment for adoption of ASU 2014-09	—		—			—			72			72
Adjustment for adoption of ASU 2016-01	—		—			(12		)	12			—
Balance as of January 1, 2018 - As adjusted	3		2,730			806			114			3,653
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)	—		—			—			347			347
Other comprehensive income (loss), after tax	—		—			(605		)	—			(605		)
Total comprehensive income (loss)												(258		)
Dividends paid and distributions of capital	—		—			—			(126		)	(126		)
Employee related benefits	—		(2		)	—			—			(2		)
Balance as of September 30, 2018	$	3	$	2,728		$	201		$	335		$	3,267


Balance as of January 1, 2017	$	3	$	2,994		$	560		$	(180	)	$	3,377
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income (loss)	—		—			—			40			40
Other comprehensive income (loss), after tax	—		—			231			—			231
Total comprehensive income (loss)												271
Dividends paid and distributions of capital	—		(261		)	—			—			(261		)
Employee related benefits	—		1			—			—			1
Balance as of September 30, 2017	$	3	$	2,734		$	791		$	(140	)	$	3,388



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

	8

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)

(In millions)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	944		$	678
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Proceeds from the sale, maturity, disposal or redemption of:
Fixed maturities	2,976			3,293
Equity securities	—			—
Mortgage loans on real estate	429			351
Limited partnerships/corporations	63			59
Acquisition of:
Fixed maturities	(3,881		)	(3,261		)
Equity securities	(3		)	(2		)
Mortgage loans on real estate	(535		)	(964		)
Limited partnerships/corporations	(209		)	(87		)
Derivatives, net	(10		)	200
Policy loans, net	2			5
Short-term investments, net	25			29
Short-term loan to affiliate, net	80			—
Collateral received (delivered), net	54			(185		)
Other investments, net	(41		)	—
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,050		)	(562		)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Deposits received for investment contracts	2,560			1,911
Maturities and withdrawals from investment contracts	(2,379		)	(1,979		)
Settlements on deposit contracts	(20		)	(49		)
Dividends paid and distributions of capital	(126		)	(261		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	35			(378		)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(71		)	(262		)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	288			561
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	217		$	299



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

	9

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Business

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company ("VRIAC") is a stock life insurance company domiciled in the State of Connecticut. VRIAC and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") provide financial products and services in the United States. VRIAC is authorized to conduct its insurance business in all states and in the District of Columbia and in Guam, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

Prior to May 2013, Voya Financial, Inc. ("Voya Financial"), together with its subsidiaries, including the Company was an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of ING Groep N.V. ("ING Group" or "ING"), a global financial services holding company based in The Netherlands. In May 2013, Voya Financial, Inc., completed its initial public offering of common stock, including the issuance and sale of common stock by Voya Financial, Inc. and the sale of shares of common stock owned indirectly by ING Group. Between October 2013 and March 2015, ING Group completed the sale of its remaining shares of common stock of Voya Financial, Inc. in a series of registered public offerings.

VRIAC is a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc. ("Parent"), which is a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Financial, Inc.

As of June 1, 2018, Directed Services LLC ("DSL") was divested pursuant to the transaction described below. Subsequent to the transaction, VRIAC has one wholly owned non-insurance subsidiary, Voya Financial Partners, LLC ("VFP").

On June 1, 2018, VRIAC's ultimate parent, Voya Financial, consummated a series of transactions (collectively, the "Transaction'') pursuant to a Master Transaction Agreement dated December 20, 2017 (the "MTA") with VA Capital Company LLC ("VA Capital") and Athene Holding Ltd. ("Athene"). As part of the Transaction, VA Capital's wholly owned subsidiary Venerable Holdings Inc. ("Venerable") acquired certain of Voya Financial's assets, including all of the shares of capital stock of Voya Insurance and Annuity Company ("VIAC"), the Company's Iowa-domiciled insurance affiliate, as well as the membership interests of DSL, the Company's broker-dealer subsidiary. Following the closing of the Transaction, VRIAC acquired a 9.99% equity interest in VA Capital.

The Company offers qualified and nonqualified annuity contracts that include a variety of funding and payout options for individuals and employer-sponsored retirement plans qualified under Internal Revenue Code Sections 401, 403, 408, 457 and 501, as well as nonqualified deferred compensation plans and related services. The Company's products are offered primarily to employer-sponsored groups in the health care, government and education markets (collectively "tax exempt markets"), small to mid-sized corporations and individuals. The Company also provides stable value investment options, including separate account guaranteed investment contracts (e.g., GICs) and synthetic GICs, to institutional clients. Pension risk transfer group annuity solutions were previously offered to institutional plan sponsors who needed to transfer their defined benefit plan obligations to the Company. The Company discontinued sales of these solutions in late 2016 to better align business activities to the Company's priorities. The Company's products are generally distributed through pension professionals, independent agents and brokers, third-party administrators, banks, consultants, dedicated financial guidance, planning and advisory representatives associated with Voya Financial, Inc.'s retail broker-dealer, Voya Financial Advisors, Inc. ("Voya Financial Advisors").

Products offered by the Company include deferred and immediate (i.e., payout) annuity contracts. Company products also include programs offered to qualified plans and nonqualified deferred compensation plans that package administrative and record-keeping services, participant education, and retirement readiness planning tools along with a variety of investment options, including proprietary and non-proprietary mutual funds and variable and fixed investment options. In addition, the Company offers wrapper agreements entered into with retirement plans, which contain certain benefit responsive guarantees (i.e., guarantees of principal and previously accrued interest for benefits paid under the terms of the plan) with respect to portfolios of plan-owned assets not invested with the Company. Stable value products are also provided to institutional plan sponsors where the Company may or may not be providing other employer sponsored products and services.

The Company has one operating segment.



	10

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") and are unaudited. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Those estimates are inherently subject to change and actual results could differ from those estimates.

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of VRIAC and its wholly owned subsidiaries VFP and DSL. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. As of June 1, 2018, DSL was divested pursuant to the Transaction.

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect adjustments (including normal, recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2018, its results of operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and its changes in shareholder's equity and statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of full year performance. The December 31, 2017 Consolidated Balance Sheet is from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC. Therefore, these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Significant Accounting Policies

Investments

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-01 "Financial Instruments-Overall (ASC Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" ("ASU 2016-01") (See the Adoption of New Pronouncements section below). As a result, the Company measures its equity securities at fair value and recognizes any changes in fair value in net income. Prior to adoption, equity securities were designated as available-for-sale and reported at fair value with unrealized capital gains (losses) recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI").

Recognition of Revenue

As of January 1, 2018, the Company changed its method for recognizing costs to obtain and fulfill certain financial services contracts upon the adoption of ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606)" ("ASU 2014-09"). (See the Adoption of New Pronouncements section below.)

Financial services revenue is disaggregated by type of service in the following table and represents approximately 8.8% and 11.6% of total revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, a portion of the revenue recognized in the current period from distribution services is related to performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Service Line
Recordkeeping & administration	$	29	$	86
Distribution & shareholder servicing	22		103
Total financial services revenue	$	51	$	189

Receivables of $52 are included in Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018.



	11

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Financial Services Revenue

Revenue for various financial services is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes any amounts collected on behalf of third parties. For recordkeeping and administration services, the Company recognizes revenue as services are provided, generally over time. In addition, the Company may arrange for sub-advisory services for a customer under certain contracts. Revenue is recognized when the Company has satisfied a performance obligation by transferring control of a service to a customer. Contract terms are typically less than one year, and consideration is generally variable and due as services are rendered.

For distribution and shareholder servicing revenue, the Company provides distribution services at a point in time and shareholder services over time. Such revenue is recognized when the Company has satisfied a performance obligation and related consideration is received. Contract terms are less than one year, and consideration is variable. For distribution services, revenue may be recognized in periods subsequent to when the Company has satisfied a performance obligation, as a component of related consideration is constrained under certain contracts.

For a description of principal activities from which the Company generates revenue, see the Business section above for further information.

Revenue for various financial services is recorded in Fee income or Other revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Contract Costs

Contract cost assets represent costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract that are expected to be recovered and, thus, have been capitalized and are subject to amortization. Capitalized contract costs include incremental costs of obtaining a contract and fulfillment costs that relate directly to a contract and generate or enhance resources of the Company that are used to satisfy performance obligations.

The Company defers (1) incremental commissions and variable compensation paid to the Company's direct sales force, consultant channel, and intermediary partners, as a result of obtaining certain financial services contracts and (2) account set-up expenses on certain recordkeeping contracts. The Company expenses as incurred deferrable contract costs for which the amortization period would be one year or less (based on the U.S. GAAP practical expedient) and other contract-related costs. The Company periodically reviews contract cost assets for impairment. Capitalized contract costs are included in Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and costs expensed as incurred are included in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

As of September 30, 2018, contract cost assets were $92. Capitalized contract costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated lives of the contracts, which typically range from 5 to 15 years. This method is consistent with the transfer of services to which the assets relate. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, amortization expenses of $5 and $14, respectively, were recorded in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. There was no impairment loss in relation to the contract costs capitalized.

Adoption of New Pronouncements

Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets

In February 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2017-05, "Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (ASC Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance & Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets" ("ASU 2017-05"), which requires entities to apply certain recognition and measurement principles in ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606)" (see Revenue from Contracts with Customers below) when they derecognize nonfinancial assets and in substance nonfinancial assets through sale or transfer, and the counterparty is not a customer.

The provisions of ASU 2017-05 were adopted January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption had no effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.



	12

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Statement of Cash Flows

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (ASC Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" ("ASU 2016-15"), which addresses diversity in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendments provide guidance on eight specific cash flow issues.

The provisions of ASU 2016-15 were adopted on January 1, 2018 using the retrospective approach. The adoption had no effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Share-Based Compensation

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, "Compensation-Stock Compensation (ASC Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting" ("ASU 2016-09"), which simplifies the accounting for share-based payment award transactions with respect to:


•	The income tax consequences of awards,


•	The impact of forfeitures on the recognition of expense for awards,


•	Classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and


•	Classification on the statement of cash flows.

The provisions of ASU 2016-09 were adopted by the Company on January 1, 2017 using the transition method prescribed for each applicable provision:


•	On a prospective basis, all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies related to share-based compensation will be reported in Net income (loss), rather than Additional paid-in capital. Prior year excess tax benefits will remain in Additional paid-in capital.


•	The Company elected to retrospectively adopt the requirement to present cash inflows related to excess tax benefits as operating activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company had no excess tax benefits.

The adoption of the remaining provisions of ASU 2016-09 had no effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Financial Instruments-Overall (ASC Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" ("ASU 2016-01"), which requires:


•	Equity investments (except those consolidated or accounted for under the equity method) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income.


•	Elimination of the disclosure of methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value for financial instruments measured at amortized cost.


•	The use of the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes.


•	Separate presentation in other comprehensive income of the portion of the total change in fair value of a liability resulting from a change in own credit risk if the liability is measured at fair value under the fair value option.


•	Separate presentation on the balance sheet or financial statement notes of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset.

The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018 using a modified retrospective approach, except for certain provisions that were required to be applied prospectively. The impact to the January 1, 2018 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was a $12 increase, net of tax, to Retained earnings (deficit) with a corresponding decrease of $12, net of tax, to AOCI to recognize the unrealized gain associated with Equity securities. The provisions that required prospective adoption had no effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Under previous guidance, prior to January 1, 2018, Equity securities were classified as available for sale with changes in fair value recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss).

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, which requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange



	13

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

for those goods or services. Revenue is recognized when, or as, the entity satisfies a performance obligation under the contract. ASU 2014-09 also updated the accounting for certain costs associated with obtaining and fulfilling contracts with customers and requires disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. In addition, the FASB issued various amendments during 2016 to clarify the provisions and implementation guidance of ASU 2014-09. Revenue recognition for insurance contracts and financial instruments is explicitly scoped out of the guidance.

The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2014-09 on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption had no impact on revenue recognition. However, the adoption resulted in a $90 increase in Other assets to capitalize costs to obtain and fulfill certain financial services contracts. This adjustment was offset by a related $18 decrease in Deferred income taxes, resulting in a net $72 increase to Retained earnings (deficit) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2018. In addition, disclosures have been updated to reflect accounting policy changes made as a result of the implementation of ASU 2014-09. (See the Significant Accounting Policies section above.)

Comparative information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under previous revenue recognition guidance. As of September 30, 2018 the adoption of ASU 2014-09 resulted in a $92 increase in Other assets, offset by a related $19 decrease in Deferred income taxes, resulting in a net $73 increase to Retained earnings (deficit) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the adoption resulted in an increase of $1 and $2, respectively, in Operating expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, adopting the provisions of ASU 2014-09 had no impact on Net cash provided by operating activities.

Future Adoption of Accounting Pronouncements

Cloud Computing Arrangements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (ASC Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract" ("ASU 2018-15"), which requires a customer in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the guidance for internal-use software projects to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset. Capitalized implementation costs are required to be expensed over the term of the hosting arrangement. In addition, a customer is required to apply the impairment and abandonment guidance for long-lived assets to the capitalized implementation costs. Balances related to capitalized implementation costs must be presented in the same financial statement line items as other hosting arrangement balances, and additional disclosures are required.

The provisions of ASU 2018-15 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. Initial adoption of ASU 2018-15 is required to be reported on a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently in the process of determining the impact of adoption of the provisions of ASU 2018-15.

Fair Value Measurement

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement" ("ASU 2018-13"), which simplifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurement.

The provisions of ASU 2018-13 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods, with early adoption permitted. The transition method varies by provision. The Company is currently in the process of determining the impact of adoption of the provisions of ASU 2018-13.

Long-Duration Contracts

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12, "Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944) Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts" ("ASU 2018-12"), which changes the measurement and disclosures of insurance liabilities and deferred acquisition costs for long-duration contracts issued by insurers, as follows:

•

Requires insurers to review and, if necessary, update cash flow assumptions at least annually when measuring the liability for future policy benefits for nonparticipating traditional and limited payment insurance contracts. The effect of updating cash flow assumptions will be measured on a retrospective catch-up basis and presented in the Statement of operations in the period in which the update is made. The rate used to discount the liability for future policy benefits will be required to be updated quarterly, with related changes in the liability recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income. The



	14

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

application of periodic assumption updates for nonparticipating traditional and limited payment insurance contracts is significantly different from the current accounting approach for such liabilities, which is based on assumptions that are locked in at contract inception unless a premium deficiency occurs. The discount rate will be based on an upper-medium grade fixed-income corporate instrument yield reflecting the duration characteristics of the relevant liabilities. Under the current accounting guidance, the liability discount rate is based on expected yields on the underlying investment portfolio held by the insurer.

•

Creates a new category of benefit features called market risk benefits, defined as features that protect contract holders from capital market risk and expose the insurers to that risk. Market risk benefits will be required to be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in the Statement of operations, except for changes in fair value attributable to changes in the instrument-specific credit risk, which will be recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income. Under the current accounting guidance, certain features that are expected to meet the definition of market risk benefits are accounted for as either insurance liabilities or embedded derivatives.

•

Requires DAC (and other balances that refer to the DAC model, such as deferred sales inducement costs and unearned revenue liabilities) for all long-duration contracts to be measured on a basis that is constant relative to the value of insurance in force over the expected life of the contract. This approach is intended to approximate straight-line amortization and cannot be based on revenue or profits as it is under the current accounting model. ASU 2018-12 did not change the existing accounting guidance related to VOBA and net cost of reinsurance, which allows, but does not require, insurers to amortize such balances on a basis consistent with DAC.


•	Significantly expands interim and annual disclosures, including requirements for disaggregated rollforwards of the liability for future policy benefits, contract owner account balances, market risk benefits, and DAC, as well as qualitative and quantitative information about expected cash flows, estimates and assumptions.

The provisions of ASU 2018-12 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods, with early adoption permitted. Initial adoption of the changes to the liability for future policy benefits and deferred acquisition costs is required to be reported using either a retrospective or modified retrospective approach. For the changes to market risk benefits, retrospective application is required. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the provisions of ASU 2018-12. While it is not possible to estimate the expected impact of adoption at this time, the Company believes there is a reasonable possibility that implementation of ASU 2018-12 may result in a significant impact on Shareholders’ equity and future earnings patterns.

Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, "Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (ASC Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" ("ASU 2018-02"), which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the newly enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("Tax Reform"). Stranded tax effects arise because U.S. GAAP requires that the impact of a change in tax laws or rates on deferred tax liabilities and assets be reported in net income, even if related to items recognized within accumulated other comprehensive income. The amount of the reclassification would be based on the difference between the historical corporate income tax rate and the newly enacted 21% corporate income tax rate, applied to deferred tax liabilities and assets reported within accumulated other comprehensive income.

The provisions of ASU 2018-02 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. Initial adoption of ASU 2018-02 may be reported either in the period of adoption or on a retrospective basis in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate resulting from Tax Reform is recognized. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of ASU 2018-02.

Derivatives & Hedging

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic ASC 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities" ("ASU 2017-12"), which enables entities to better portray risk management activities in their financial statements, as follows:


•	Expands an entity's ability to hedge nonfinancial and financial risk components and reduces complexity in accounting for fair value hedges of interest rate risk,


•	Eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and generally requires the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item,


•	Eases certain documentation and assessment requirements and modifies the accounting for components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, and


•	Modifies required disclosures.



	15

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

In addition, in October 2018 the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic ASC 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes" ("ASU 2018-16"), which expands the list of U.S. benchmark interest rates permitted in the application of hedge accounting. The provisions of ASU 2017-12 and ASU 2018-16 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods, with early adoption permitted. Initial adoption of ASU 2017-12 is required to be reported using a modified retrospective approach, with the exception of the presentation and disclosure requirements which are required to be applied prospectively. The Company is currently in the process of determining the impact of adoption of the provisions of ASU 2017-12 and ASU 2018-16.

Debt Securities

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, "Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (ASC Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities" ("ASU 2017-08"), which shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium by requiring the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date.

The provisions of ASU 2017-08 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods, with early adoption permitted. Initial adoption of ASU 2017-08 is required to be reported using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently in the process of determining the impact of adoption of the provisions of ASU 2017-08.

Financial Instruments - Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (ASC Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" ("ASU 2016-13"), which:


•	Introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments,


•	Modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities, and


•	Provides a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination.

The provisions of ASU 2016-13 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Initial adoption of ASU 2016-13 is required to be reported on a modified retrospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption, except for certain provisions that are required to be applied prospectively. The Company is currently in the process of determining the impact of adoption of the provisions of ASU 2016-13.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (ASC Topic 842)" ("ASU 2016-02"), which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with terms of more than 12 months. The lease liability will be measured as the present value of the lease payments, and the asset will be based on the liability. For income statement purposes, expense recognition will depend on the lessee's classification of the lease as either finance, with a front-loaded amortization expense pattern similar to current capital leases, or operating, with a straight-line expense pattern similar to current operating leases. Lessor accounting will be similar to the current model, and lessors will be required to classify leases as operating, direct financing, or sales-type.

ASU 2016-02 also replaces the sale-leaseback guidance to align with the new revenue recognition standard, addresses statement of operation and statement of cash flow classification, and requires additional disclosures for all leases. In addition, the FASB issued various amendments during 2018 to clarify and simplify the provisions and implementation guidance of ASU 2016-02.

The provisions of ASU 2016-02 are effective on a modified retrospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods, with early adoption permitted. In July 2018, the FASB issued an amendment that adds an optional transition method to apply the guidance on a modified retrospective basis at the adoption date, which is January 1, 2019. The Company is currently in the process of determining the impact of adoption of the provisions of ASU 2016-02.



	16

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

2. Investments

Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities

Available-for-sale and fair value option ("FVO") fixed maturities were as follows as of September 30, 2018:



	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Capital Gains		Gross Unrealized Capital Losses		Embedded Derivatives⁽²⁾		Fair Value		OTTI⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasuries	$	451	$	69	$	—	$	—	$	520	$	—
U.S. Government agencies and authorities	—		—		—		—		—		—
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	752		13		14		—		751		—
U.S. corporate public securities	7,924		354		116		—		8,162		—
U.S. corporate private securities	3,757		86		96		—		3,747		—
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments⁽¹⁾	2,555		83		51		—		2,587		—
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	3,193		52		74		—		3,171		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Agency	1,930		42		38		4		1,938		—
Non-Agency	907		45		8		4		948		3
Total Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,837		87		46		8		2,886		3
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,731		9		42		—		1,698		—
Other asset-backed securities	1,141		5		7		—		1,139		2
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged	24,341		758		446		8		24,661		5
Less: Securities pledged	938		62		15		—		985		—
Total fixed maturities	$	23,403	$	696	$	431	$	8	$	23,676	$	5

⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

⁽²⁾Embedded derivatives within fixed maturity securities are reported with the host investment. The changes in fair value of embedded derivatives are reported in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

⁽³⁾ Represents Other-than-Temporary-Impairments ("OTTI") reported as a component of Other comprehensive income (loss).

⁽⁴⁾ Amount excludes $131 of net unrealized gains on impaired available-for-sale securities.



	17

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Available-for-sale and FVO fixed maturities and equity securities were as follows as of December 31, 2017:



	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Capital Gains		Gross Unrealized Capital Losses		Embedded Derivatives⁽²⁾		Fair Value		OTTI⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasuries	$	547	$	109	$	—	$	—	$	656	$	—
U.S. Government agencies and authorities	3		—		—		—		3		—
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	842		40		4		—		878		—
U.S. corporate public securities	8,476		786		26		—		9,236		—
U.S. corporate private securities	3,387		148		38		—		3,497		—
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments⁽¹⁾	2,594		192		9		—		2,777		—
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	3,105		155		45		—		3,215		7
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Agency	1,878		65		17		6		1,932		—
Non-Agency	639		54		2		6		697		4
Total Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,517		119		19		12		2,629		4
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,437		39		6		—		1,470		—
Other asset-backed securities	671		11		1		—		681		2
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged	23,579		1,599		148		12		25,042		13
Less: Securities pledged	864		104		8		—		960		—
Total fixed maturities	22,715		1,495		140		12		24,082		13
Equity securities	45		15		—		—		60		—
Total fixed maturities and equity securities investments	$	22,760	$	1,510	$	140	$	12	$	24,142	$	13

⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

⁽³⁾ Represents OTTI reported as a component of Other comprehensive income (loss).

⁽⁴⁾ Amount excludes $190 of net unrealized gains on impaired available-for-sale securities.



	18

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities, including securities pledged, as of September 30, 2018, are shown below by contractual maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as securities may be restructured, called or prepaid. Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and Other asset-backed securities ("ABS") are shown separately because they are not due at a single maturity date.



	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due to mature:
One year or less	$	541	$	547
After one year through five years	4,012		4,057
After five years through ten years	5,937		5,889
After ten years	8,142		8,445
Mortgage-backed securities	4,568		4,584
Other asset-backed securities	1,141		1,139
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged	$	24,341	$	24,661

The investment portfolio is monitored to maintain a diversified portfolio on an ongoing basis. Credit risk is mitigated by monitoring concentrations by issuer, sector and geographic stratification and limiting exposure to any one issuer.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any investments in a single issuer, other than obligations of the U.S. Government and government agencies, with a carrying value in excess of 10% of the Company's Total shareholder's equity.

The following tables present the composition of the U.S. and foreign corporate securities within the fixed maturity portfolio by industry category as of the dates indicated:



	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Capital Gains		Gross Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value
September 30, 2018
Communications	$	1,151	$	63	$	14	$	1,200
Financial	2,830		116		40		2,906
Industrial and other companies	7,643		198		154		7,687
Energy	1,867		85		47		1,905
Utilities	2,850		82		62		2,870
Transportation	744		20		14		750
Total	$	17,085	$	564	$	331	$	17,318

December 31, 2017
Communications	$	1,145	$	114	$	1	$	1,258
Financial	2,750		185		4		2,931
Industrial and other companies	7,953		532		65		8,420
Energy	1,970		159		33		2,096
Utilities	2,725		216		11		2,930
Transportation	697		52		2		747
Total	$	17,240	$	1,258	$	116	$	18,382



	19

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities:

The Company's fixed maturities are currently designated as available-for-sale, except those accounted for using the FVO. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-01 as of January 1, 2018, equity securities were also designated as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value and unrealized capital gains (losses) on these securities are recorded directly in AOCI and presented net of related changes in Deferred policy acquisition costs ("DAC"), Value of business acquired ("VOBA") and Deferred income taxes. In addition, certain fixed maturities have embedded derivatives, which are reported with the host contract on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company has elected the FVO for certain of its fixed maturities to better match the measurement of assets and liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Certain collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), primarily interest-only and principal-only strips, are accounted for as hybrid instruments and reported at fair value with changes in the fair value recorded in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company invests in various categories of CMOs, including CMOs that are not agency-backed, that are subject to different degrees of risk from changes in interest rates and defaults. The principal risks inherent in holding CMOs are prepayment and extension risks related to significant decreases and increases in interest rates resulting in the prepayment of principal from the underlying mortgages, either earlier or later than originally anticipated. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, approximately 52.3% and 52.1%, respectively, of the Company’s CMO holdings, were invested in the above mentioned types of CMOs such as interest-only or principal-only strips, that are subject to more prepayment and extension risk than traditional CMOs.

Public corporate fixed maturity securities are distinguished from private corporate fixed maturity securities based upon the manner in which they are transacted. Public corporate fixed maturity securities are issued initially through market intermediaries on a registered basis or pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act") and are traded on the secondary market through brokers acting as principal. Private corporate fixed maturity securities are originally issued by borrowers directly to investors pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, and are traded in the secondary market directly with counterparties, either without the participation of a broker or in agency transactions.

Repurchase Agreements

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any securities pledged in dollar rolls, repurchase agreement transactions or reverse repurchase agreements.

Securities Lending

The Company engages in securities lending whereby certain securities from its portfolio are loaned to other institutions, through a lending agent, for short periods of time. The Company has the right to approve any institution with whom the lending agent transacts on its behalf. Initial collateral is required at a rate of 102% of the market value of the loaned securities. The lending agent retains the collateral and invests it in high quality liquid assets on behalf of the Company. The market value of the loaned securities is monitored on a daily basis with additional collateral obtained or refunded as the market value of the loaned securities fluctuates. The lending agent indemnifies the Company against losses resulting from the failure of a counterparty to return securities pledged where collateral is insufficient to cover the loss. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of loaned securities was $809 and $799, respectively, and is included in Securities pledged on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

If cash is received as collateral, the lending agent retains the cash collateral and invests it in short-term liquid assets on behalf of the Company. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, cash collateral retained by the lending agent and invested in short-term liquid assets on the Company's behalf was $774 and $744, respectively, and is recorded in Short-term investments under securities loan agreements, including collateral delivered on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, liabilities to return collateral of $774 and $744, respectively, are included in Payables under securities loan agreements, including collateral held, on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.



	20

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

The Company accepts non-cash collateral in the form of securities. The securities retained as collateral by the lending agent may not be sold or re-pledged, except in the event of default, and are not reflected on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. This collateral generally consists of U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agency securities and MBS pools. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of securities retained as collateral by the lending agent on the Company’s behalf was $63 and $61, respectively.

The following table presents borrowings under securities lending transactions by class of collateral pledged for the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2018 ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾		December 31, 2017 ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
U.S. Treasuries	$	158	$	177
U.S. corporate public securities	492		460
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments	187		168
Payables under securities loan agreements	$	837	$	805

⁽¹⁾As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, borrowings under securities lending transactions include cash collateral of $774 and $744, respectively.

⁽²⁾As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, borrowings under securities lending transactions include non-cash collateral of $63 and $61, respectively.

The Company's securities lending activities are conducted on an overnight basis, and all securities loaned can be recalled at any time. The Company does not offset assets and liabilities associated with its securities lending program.

Variable Interest Entities ("VIEs")

The Company holds certain VIEs for investment purposes. VIEs may be in the form of private placement securities, structured securities, securitization transactions or limited partnerships. The Company has reviewed each of its holdings and determined that consolidation of these investments in the Company’s financial statements is not required, as the Company is not the primary beneficiary, because the Company does not have both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation or right to potentially significant losses or benefits, for any of its investments in VIEs. The Company did not provide any non-contractual financial support and its carrying value represents the Company’s exposure to loss. The carrying value of the investments in VIEs was $570 and $411 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively; these investments are included in Limited partnerships/corporations on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Income and losses recognized on these investments are reported in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Securitizations

The Company invests in various tranches of securitization entities, including Residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS"), Commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS") and ABS. Through its investments, the Company is not obligated to provide any financial or other support to these entities. Each of the RMBS, CMBS and ABS entities are thinly capitalized by design and considered VIEs. The Company's involvement with these entities is limited to that of a passive investor. The Company has no unilateral right to appoint or remove the servicer, special servicer or investment manager, which are generally viewed to have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the securitization entities' economic performance, in any of these entities, nor does the Company function in any of these roles. The Company, through its investments or other arrangements, does not have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. Therefore, the Company is not the primary beneficiary and does not consolidate any of the RMBS, CMBS and ABS entities in which it holds investments. These investments are accounted for as investments available-for-sale as described in the Fair Value Measurements Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and unrealized capital gains (losses) on these securities are recorded directly in AOCI, except for certain RMBS that are accounted for under the FVO, for which changes in fair value are reflected in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss on these structured investments is limited to the amount of its investment.



	21

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Unrealized Capital Losses

Unrealized capital losses (including noncredit impairments), along with the fair value of fixed maturity securities, including securities pledged, by market sector and duration were as follows as of September 30, 2018:



	Six Months or Less Below Amortized Cost				More Than Six Months and Twelve Months or Less Below Amortized Cost					More Than Twelve Months Below Amortized Cost					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses
U.S. Treasuries	$	—	$	—	$	2	$	—	*	$	13	$	—	*	$	15	$	—	*
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	217		4		111		4			80		6			408		14
U.S. corporate public securities	1,238		20		1,487		59			377		37			3,102		116
U.S. corporate private securities	597		6		821		27			569		63			1,987		96
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments	459		8		632		30			109		13			1,200		51
Foreign corporate private securities	757		33		576		24			173		17			1,506		74
Residential mortgage-backed	281		4		211		12			399		30			891		46
Commercial mortgage-backed	612		8		407		21			190		13			1,209		42
Other asset-backed	547		4		125		2			43		1			715		7
Total	$	4,708	$	87	$	4,372	$	179		$	1,953	$	180		$	11,033	$	446
*Less than $1.



	22

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)



	Six Months or Less Below Amortized Cost					More Than Six Months and Twelve Months or Less Below Amortized Cost				More Than Twelve Months Below Amortized Cost					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses
U.S. Treasuries	$	18	$	—	*	$	—	$	—	$	12	$	—	*	$	30	$	—	*
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	34		—			1		—		91		4			126		4
U.S. corporate public securities	504		11			—		—		304		15			808		26
U.S. corporate private securities	226		2			46		2		499		34			771		38
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments	148		1			5		—		99		8			252		9
Foreign corporate private securities	135		38			13		—		161		7			309		45
Residential mortgage-backed	263		5			26		1		438		13			727		19
Commercial mortgage-backed	436		5			19		—		50		1			505		6
Other asset-backed	95		1			9		—		38		—			142		1
Total	$	1,859	$	63		$	119	$	3	$	1,692	$	82		$	3,670	$	148
*Less than $1.

Of the unrealized capital losses aged more than twelve months, the average market value of the related fixed maturities was 91.5% and 95.4% of the average book value as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.



	23

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Unrealized capital losses (including noncredit impairments) in fixed maturities, including securities pledged, for instances in which fair value declined below amortized cost by greater than or less than 20% for consecutive months as indicated in the tables below, were as follows as of the dates indicated:



	Amortized Cost				Unrealized Capital Losses				Number of Securities
	< 20%		> 20%		< 20%		> 20%		< 20%	> 20%
September 30, 2018
Six months or less below amortized cost	$	4,762	$	75	$	71	$	24	918	15
More than six months and twelve months or less below amortized cost	4,548		15		178		4		921	1
More than twelve months below amortized cost	1,999		80		148		21		402	5
Total	$	11,309	$	170	$	397	$	49	2,241	21

December 31, 2017
Six months or less below amortized cost	$	1,883	$	67	$	30	$	38	433	7
More than six months and twelve months or less below amortized cost	128		7		4		2		37	1
More than twelve months below amortized cost	1,661		72		53		21		335	7
Total	$	3,672	$	146	$	87	$	61	805	15



	24

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Unrealized capital losses (including noncredit impairments) in fixed maturities, including securities pledged, by market sector for instances in which fair value declined below amortized cost by greater than or less than 20% were as follows as of the dates indicated:



	Amortized Cost				Unrealized Capital Losses					Number of Securities
	< 20%		> 20%		< 20%			> 20%		< 20%	> 20%
September 30, 2018
U.S. Treasuries	$	15	$	—	$	—	*	$	—	5	—
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	422		—		14			—		184	—
U.S. corporate public securities	3,197		21		111			5		655	2
U.S. corporate private securities	2,017		66		78			18		220	2
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments	1,238		13		48			3		267	3
Foreign corporate private securities	1,524		56		54			20		132	3
Residential mortgage-backed	924		13		43			3		368	10
Commercial mortgage-backed	1,251		—		42			—		238	—
Other asset-backed	721		1		7			—		172	1
Total	$	11,309	$	170	$	397		$	49	2,241	21

December 31, 2017
U.S. Treasuries	$	30	$	—	$	—	*	$	—	6	—
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	130		—		4			—		96	—
U.S. corporate public securities	828		6		24			2		167	2
U.S. corporate private securities	743		66		18			20		71	2
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments	254		7		7			2		61	1
Foreign corporate private securities	288		66		8			37		35	6
Residential mortgage-backed	746		—		19			—		194	3
Commercial mortgage-backed	511		—		6			—		131	—
Other asset-backed	142		1		1			—		44	1
Total	$	3,672	$	146	$	87		$	61	805	15
*Less than $1.

Investments with fair values less than amortized cost are included in the Company's other-than-temporary impairments analysis. Impairments were recognized as disclosed in the "Evaluating Securities for Other-Than-Temporary Impairments" section below. The Company evaluates non-agency RMBS and ABS for "other-than-temporary impairments" each quarter based on actual and projected cash flows, after considering the quality and updated loan-to-value ratios reflecting current home prices of underlying collateral, forecasted loss severity, the payment priority within the tranche structure of the security and amount of any credit enhancements. The Company's assessment of current levels of cash flows compared to estimated cash flows at the time the securities were acquired (typically pre-2008) indicates the amount and the pace of projected cash flows from the underlying collateral has generally been lower and slower, respectively. However, since cash flows are typically projected at a trust level, the impairment review incorporates the security's position within the trust structure as well as credit enhancement remaining in the trust to determine whether an impairment is warranted. Therefore, while lower and slower cash flows will impact the trust, the effect on the valuation of a particular security within the trust will also be dependent upon the trust structure. Where the assessment continues to project full recovery of principal and interest on schedule, the Company has not recorded an impairment. Based on this analysis, the Company determined that the remaining investments in an unrealized loss position were not other-than-temporarily impaired and therefore no further other-than-temporary impairment was necessary.



	25

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Troubled Debt Restructuring

The Company invests in high quality, well performing portfolios of commercial mortgage loans and private placements. Under certain circumstances, modifications are granted to these contracts. Each modification is evaluated as to whether a troubled debt restructuring has occurred. A modification is a troubled debt restructuring when the borrower is in financial difficulty and the creditor makes concessions. Generally, the types of concessions may include reducing the face amount or maturity amount of the debt as originally stated, reducing the contractual interest rate, extending the maturity date at an interest rate lower than current market interest rates and/or reducing accrued interest. The Company considers the amount, timing and extent of the concession granted in determining any impairment or changes in the specific valuation allowance recorded in connection with the troubled debt restructuring. A valuation allowance may have been recorded prior to the quarter when the loan is modified in a troubled debt restructuring. Accordingly, the carrying value (net of the specific valuation allowance) before and after modification through a troubled debt restructuring may not change significantly, or may increase if the expected recovery is higher than the pre-modification recovery assessment. As of September 30, 2018, the Company did not have any new commercial mortgage loan or private placement troubled debt restructuring. As of December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any new commercial mortgage loan troubled debt restructuring and had one private placement troubled debt restructuring with a pre-modification and post modification carrying value of $3.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any commercial mortgage loans or private placements modified in a troubled debt restructuring with a subsequent payment default.

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

The Company's mortgage loans on real estate are all commercial mortgage loans held for investment, which are reported at amortized cost, less impairment write-downs and allowance for losses. The Company diversifies its commercial mortgage loan portfolio by geographic region and property type to reduce concentration risk. The Company manages risk when originating commercial mortgage loans by generally lending only up to 75% of the estimated fair value of the underlying real estate. Subsequently, the Company continuously evaluates mortgage loans based on relevant current information including a review of loan-specific credit quality, property characteristics and market trends. Loan performance is monitored on a loan-specific basis through the review of submitted appraisals, operating statements, rent revenues and annual inspection reports, among other items. This review ensures properties are performing at a consistent and acceptable level to secure the debt. The components to evaluate debt service coverage are received and reviewed at least annually to determine the level of risk.

The following table summarizes the Company's investment in mortgage loans as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2018								December 31, 2017
	Impaired		Non Impaired			Total			Impaired		Non Impaired			Total
Commercial mortgage loans	$	4	$	5,013		$	5,017		$	4	$	4,907		$	4,911
Collective valuation allowance for losses	N/A		(1		)	(1		)	N/A		(1		)	(1		)
Total net commercial mortgage loans	$	4	$	5,012		$	5,016		$	4	$	4,906		$	4,910
N/A- Not Applicable

There were no impairments taken on the mortgage loan portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for losses for commercial mortgage loans for the periods indicated:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Collective valuation allowance for losses, balance at January 1	$	1	$	1
Addition to (reduction of) allowance for losses	—		—
Collective valuation allowance for losses, end of period	$	1	$	1



	26

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

The carrying values and unpaid principal balances of impaired mortgage loans were as follows as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Impaired loans without allowances for losses	$	4	$	4
Less: Allowances for losses on impaired loans	—		—
Impaired loans, net	$	4	$	4
Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans	$	6	$	6

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 the Company did not have any impaired loans with allowances for losses.

The Company defines delinquent mortgage loans consistent with industry practice as 60 days past due. The Company's policy is to recognize interest income until a loan becomes 90 days delinquent or foreclosure proceedings are commenced, at which point interest accrual is discontinued. Interest accrual is not resumed until the loan is brought current.

There were no mortgage loans in the Company's portfolio in process of foreclosure as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

There were no loans 30 days or less in arrears, with respect to principal and interest as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

The following tables present information on the average investment during the period in impaired loans and interest income recognized on impaired and troubled debt restructured loans for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
Impaired loans, average investment during the period (amortized cost)⁽¹⁾	$	4	$	4
Interest income recognized on impaired loans, on an accrual basis⁽¹⁾	—		—
Interest income recognized on impaired loans, on a cash basis⁽¹⁾	—		—
Interest income recognized on troubled debt restructured loans, on an accrual basis	—		—
⁽¹⁾Includes amounts for Troubled debt restructured loans.
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
Impaired loans, average investment during the period (amortized cost)⁽¹⁾	$	4	$	5
Interest income recognized on impaired loans, on an accrual basis⁽¹⁾	—		—
Interest income recognized on impaired loans, on a cash basis⁽¹⁾	—		—
Interest income recognized on troubled debt restructured loans, on an accrual basis	—		—
⁽¹⁾Includes amounts for Troubled debt restructured loans.

Loan-to-value ("LTV") and debt service coverage ("DSC") ratios are measures commonly used to assess the risk and quality of mortgage loans. The LTV ratio, calculated at time of origination, is expressed as a percentage of the amount of the loan relative to the value of the underlying property. A LTV ratio in excess of 100% indicates the unpaid loan amount exceeds the underlying collateral. The DSC ratio, based upon the most recently received financial statements, is expressed as a percentage of the amount of a property’s net income to its debt service payments. A DSC ratio of less than 1.0 indicates that a property’s operations do not generate sufficient income to cover debt payments. These ratios are utilized as part of the review process described above.



	27

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

The following table presents the LTV ratios as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2018 ⁽¹⁾		December 31, 2017 ⁽¹⁾
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0% - 50%	$	346	$	341
>50% - 60%	1,255		1,256
>60% - 70%	2,973		3,042
>70% - 80%	405		262
>80% and above	38		10
Total Commercial mortgage loans	$	5,017	$	4,911

⁽¹⁾ Balances do not include collective valuation allowance for losses.

The following table presents the DSC ratios as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2018 ⁽¹⁾		December 31, 2017 ⁽¹⁾
Debt Service Coverage Ratio:
Greater than 1.5x	$	3,846	$	3,902
>1.25x - 1.5x	392		340
>1.0x - 1.25x	686		600
Less than 1.0x	53		54
Commercial mortgage loans secured by land or construction loans	40		15
Total Commercial mortgage loans	$	5,017	$	4,911

⁽¹⁾ Balances do not include collective valuation allowance for losses.

Properties collateralizing mortgage loans are geographically dispersed throughout the United States, as well as diversified by property type, as reflected in the following tables as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2018 ⁽¹⁾				December 31, 2017 ⁽¹⁾
	Gross Carrying Value		% of Total		Gross Carrying Value		% of Total
Commercial Mortgage Loans by U.S. Region:
Pacific	$	983	19.6	%	$	985	20.1	%
South Atlantic	1,039		20.7	%	982		20.0	%
Middle Atlantic	1,050		20.9	%	1,097		22.4	%
West South Central	597		11.9	%	552		11.2	%
Mountain	470		9.4	%	457		9.3	%
East North Central	486		9.7	%	468		9.5	%
New England	75		1.5	%	77		1.6	%
West North Central	278		5.5	%	243		4.9	%
East South Central	39		0.8	%	50		1.0	%
Total Commercial mortgage loans	$	5,017	100.0	%	$	4,911	100.0	%

⁽¹⁾ Balances do not include collective valuation allowance for losses.



	28

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)



	September 30, 2018 ⁽¹⁾				December 31, 2017 ⁽¹⁾
	Gross Carrying Value		% of Total		Gross Carrying Value		% of Total
Commercial Mortgage Loans by Property Type:
Retail	$	1,346	26.9	%	$	1,383	28.1	%
Industrial	1,326		26.4	%	1,326		27.0	%
Apartments	1,120		22.3	%	948		19.3	%
Office	786		15.7	%	829		16.9	%
Hotel/Motel	181		3.6	%	177		3.6	%
Mixed Use	47		0.9	%	52		1.1	%
Other	211		4.2	%	196		4.0	%
Total Commercial mortgage loans	$	5,017	100.0	%	$	4,911	100.0	%

⁽¹⁾ Balances do not include collective valuation allowance for losses.

The following table presents mortgages by year of origination as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2018 ⁽¹⁾		December 31, 2017 ⁽¹⁾
Year of Origination:
2018	$	319	$	—
2017	1,140		1,086
2016	901		867
2015	662		703
2014	499		538
2013	599		644
2012 and prior	897		1,073
Total Commercial mortgage loans	$	5,017	$	4,911

⁽¹⁾ Balances do not include collective valuation allowance for losses.

Evaluating Securities for Other-Than-Temporary Impairments

The Company performs a regular evaluation, on a security-by-security basis, of its available-for-sale securities holdings, including fixed maturity securities in accordance with its impairment policy in order to evaluate whether such investments are other-than-temporarily impaired.



	29

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

The following tables identify the Company's credit-related and intent-related impairments included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, excluding impairments included in Other comprehensive income (loss) by type for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
	Impairment		No. of Securities	Impairment			No. of Securities
U.S. corporate public securities	$	5	2	$	—		—
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	—		—	—		*	1
Residential mortgage-backed	1		20	—		*	5
Commercial mortgage-backed	—		—	—			—
Total	$	6	22	$	—	*	6
⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
*Less than $1.
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
	Impairment		No. of Securities	Impairment			No. of Securities
U.S. corporate public securities	$	5	2	$	—	*	1
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	9		1	—		*	1
Residential mortgage-backed	2		40	—		*	13
Commercial mortgage-backed	—		—	—		*	1
Total	$	16	43	$	—	*	16
⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
*Less than $1.

The above table includes $10 of write-downs related to credit impairments for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, in Other-than-temporary impairments, which are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. There were immaterial write-downs related credit impairments for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The remaining $6 in write-downs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are related to intent impairments.

The above table includes immaterial write-downs related to credit impairments for the three and nine months months ended September 30, 2017. The remaining write-downs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to intent impairments are immaterial.



	30

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

The following tables summarize these intent impairments, which are also recognized in earnings, by type for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
	Impairment		No. of Securities	Impairment			No. of Securities
U.S. corporate public securities	$	5	2	$	—		—
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	—		—	—			—
Residential mortgage-backed	1		14	—		*	1
Commercial mortgage-backed	—		—	—			—
Total	$	6	16	$	—	*	1
⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
*Less than $1.
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
	Impairment		No. of Securities	Impairment			No. of Securities
U.S. corporate public securities	$	5	2	$	—	*	1
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	—		—	—			—
Residential mortgage-backed	1		19	—		*	3
Commercial mortgage-backed	—		—	—		*	1
Total	$	6	21	$	—	*	5
⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
*Less than $1.

The Company may sell securities during the period in which fair value has declined below amortized cost for fixed maturities. In certain situations, new factors, including changes in the business environment, can change the Company’s previous intent to continue holding a security. Accordingly, these factors may lead the Company to record additional intent related capital losses.



	31

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

The following tables present the amount of credit impairments on fixed maturities for which a portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) and the corresponding changes in such amounts for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
Balance at July 1	$	5	$	7
Additional credit impairments:
On securities previously impaired	1		—
Reductions:
Increase in cash flows	—		—		*
Securities sold, matured, prepaid or paid down	1		—
Balance at September 30	$	5	$	7
*Less than $1.
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
Balance at January 1	$	16	$	9
Additional credit impairments:
On securities previously impaired	1		—
Reductions:
Increase in cash flows	—		—		*
Securities sold, matured, prepaid or paid down	12		2
Balance at September 30	$	5	$	7
*Less than $1.

Net Investment Income

The following table summarizes Net investment income for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Fixed maturities	$	347	$	324	$	1,011	$	975
Equity securities	2		1		4		4
Mortgage loans on real estate	57		53		164		157
Policy loans	2		2		7		8
Short-term investments and cash equivalents	—		—		2		—
Other	37		16		71		43
Gross investment income	445		396		1,259		1,187
Less: Investment expenses	20		17		55		51
Net investment income	$	425	$	379	$	1,204	$	1,136

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $1 and $3, respectively, of investments in fixed maturities that did not produce net investment income. Fixed maturities are moved to a non-accrual status when the investment defaults.



	32

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Interest income on fixed maturities is recorded when earned using an effective yield method, giving effect to amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Such interest income is recorded in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses)

Net realized capital gains (losses) comprise the difference between the amortized cost of investments and proceeds from sale and redemption, as well as losses incurred due to the credit-related and intent-related other-than-temporary impairment of investments. Realized investment gains and losses are also primarily generated from changes in fair value of embedded derivatives within products and fixed maturities, changes in fair value of fixed maturities recorded at FVO and changes in fair value including accruals on derivative instruments, except for effective cash flow hedges. Upon the adoption of ASU 2016-01 as of January 1, 2018, realized capital gains (losses) also includes changes in fair value of equity securities.The cost of the investments on disposal is generally determined based on first-in-first-out ("FIFO") methodology.

Net realized capital gains (losses) were as follows for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, including securities pledged	$	(9	)	$	(2	)	$	(42	)	$	(23	)
Fixed maturities, at fair value option	(80		)	(50		)	(261		)	(147		)
Equity securities	(1		)	—			(1		)	—
Derivatives	23			4			34			11
Embedded derivatives - fixed maturities	(1		)	(1		)	(5		)	(4		)
Guaranteed benefit derivatives	24			7			56			18
Other investments	—			—			5			—
Net realized capital gains (losses)	$	(44	)	$	(42	)	$	(214	)	$	(145	)
After-tax net realized capital gains (losses)	$	(41	)	$	(28	)	$	(181	)	$	(94	)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the change in fair value of equity securities still held as of September 30, 2018 was $(1).

Proceeds from the sale of fixed maturities and equity securities, available-for-sale and the related gross realized gains and losses, before tax, were as follows for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Proceeds on sales	$	120	$	551	$	1,960	$	2,189
Gross gains	1		6		12		17
Gross losses	4		6		31		31

3. Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company enters into the following types of derivatives:

Interest rate caps: The Company uses interest rate cap contracts to hedge the interest rate exposure arising from duration mismatches between assets and liabilities. Interest rate caps are also used to hedge interest rate exposure if rates rise above a specified level. Such increases in rates will require the Company to incur additional expenses. The future payout from the interest rate caps fund



	33

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

this increased exposure. The Company pays an upfront premium to purchase these caps. The Company utilizes these contracts in non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Interest rate swaps: Interest rate swaps are used by the Company primarily to reduce market risks from changes in interest rates and to alter interest rate exposure arising from mismatches between assets and/or liabilities. Interest rate swaps are also used to hedge the interest rate risk associated with the value of assets it owns or in an anticipation of acquiring them. Using interest rate swaps, the Company agrees with another party to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed rate and floating rate interest payments, calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional principal amount. These transactions are entered into pursuant to master agreements that provide for a single net payment to be made to/from the counterparty at each due date. The Company utilizes these contracts in qualifying hedging relationships as well as non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Foreign exchange swaps: The Company uses foreign exchange or currency swaps to reduce the risk of change in the value, yield or cash flows associated with certain foreign denominated invested assets. Foreign exchange swaps represent contracts that require the exchange of foreign currency cash flows against U.S. dollar cash flows at regular periods, typically quarterly or semi-annually. The Company utilizes these contracts in qualifying hedging relationships as well as non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Credit default swaps: Credit default swaps are used to reduce credit loss exposure with respect to certain assets that the Company owns, or to assume credit exposure on certain assets that the Company does not own. Payments are made to, or received from, the counterparty at specified intervals. In the event of a default on the underlying credit exposure, the Company will either receive a payment (purchased credit protection) or will be required to make a payment (sold credit protection) equal to the par minus recovery value of the swap contract. The Company utilizes these contracts in non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Currency forwards: The Company utilizes currency forward contracts to hedge currency exposure related to invested assets. The Company utilizes these contracts in non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Futures: The Company uses interest rate futures contracts to hedge its exposure to market risks due to changes in interest rates. The Company enters into exchange traded futures with regulated futures commissions that are members of the exchange. The Company also posts initial and variation margins, with the exchange, on a daily basis. The Company utilizes exchange-traded futures in non-qualifying hedging relationships. The Company may also use futures contracts as a hedge against an increase in certain equity indices. Such increases may result in increased payments to the holders of fixed index annuity ("FIA") contracts.

Swaptions: A swaption is an option to enter into a swap with a forward starting effective date. The Company uses swaptions to hedge the interest rate exposure associated with the minimum crediting rate and book value guarantees embedded in the retirement products that the Company offers. Increases in interest rates will generate losses on assets that are backing such liabilities. In certain instances, the Company locks in the economic impact of existing purchased swaptions by entering into offsetting written swaptions. The Company pays a premium when it purchases the swaption. The Company utilizes these contracts in non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Options: The Company uses equity options to hedge against an increase in various equity indices. Such increases may result in increased payments to the holders of the FIA contracts. The Company pays an upfront premium to purchase these options. The Company utilizes these options in non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Managed custody guarantees ("MCGs"): The Company issues certain credited rate guarantees on variable fixed income portfolios that represent stand-alone derivatives. The market value is partially determined by, among other things, levels of or changes in interest rates, prepayment rates and credit ratings/spreads.

Embedded derivatives: The Company also invests in certain fixed maturity instruments and has issued certain products that contain embedded derivatives for which market value is at least partially determined by, among other things, levels of or changes in domestic and/or foreign interest rates (short-term or long-term), exchange rates, prepayment rates, equity rates, or credit ratings/spreads. In addition, the Company has entered into coinsurance with funds withheld arrangements, which contain embedded derivatives.

The Company's use of derivatives is limited mainly to economic hedging to reduce the Company's exposure to cash flow variability of assets and liabilities, interest rate risk, credit risk, exchange rate risk and equity market risk. It is the Company's policy not to



	34

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

offset amounts recognized for derivative instruments and amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral arising from derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement, which provides the Company with the legal right of offset. However, in accordance with the Chicago Mercantile Exchange ("CME") rule changes related to the variation margin payments, effective the first quarter of 2017, the Company is required to adjust the derivative balances with the variation margin payments related to our cleared derivatives executed through CME.

The notional amounts and fair values of derivatives were as follows as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2018							December 31, 2017
	Notional Amount		Asset Fair Value		Liability Fair Value			Notional Amount		Asset Fair Value		Liability Fair Value
Derivatives: Qualifying for hedge accounting⁽¹⁾
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts	$	35	$	—	$	—		$	35	$	—	$	—
Foreign exchange contracts	584		2		40			533		—		52
Derivatives: Non-qualifying for hedge accounting⁽¹⁾
Interest rate contracts	19,575		176		38			18,769		117		20
Foreign exchange contracts	10		—		—			26		—		—
Equity contracts	103		5		4			154		9		7
Credit contracts	627		9		3			771		10		6
Embedded derivatives and Managed custody guarantees:
Within fixed maturity investments	N/A		8		—			N/A		12		—
Within products	N/A		—		54			N/A		—		117
Within reinsurance agreements	N/A		—		(75		)	N/A		—		(21		)
Total			$	200	$	64				$	148	$	181

⁽¹⁾ Open derivative contracts are reported as Derivatives assets or liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value.

N/A - Not Applicable

Based on the notional amounts, a substantial portion of the Company’s derivative positions was not designated or did not qualify for hedge accounting as part of a hedging relationship as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Company utilizes derivative contracts mainly to hedge exposure to variability in cash flows, interest rate risk, credit risk, foreign exchange risk and equity market risk. The majority of derivatives used by the Company are designated as product hedges, which hedge the exposure arising from insurance liabilities or guarantees embedded in the contracts the Company offers through various product lines. These derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting as they do not meet the criteria of being "highly effective" as outlined in ASC Topic 815, but do provide an economic hedge, which is in line with the Company’s risk management objectives. The Company also uses derivatives contracts to hedge its exposure to various risks associated with the investment portfolio. The Company does not seek hedge accounting treatment for certain of these derivatives as they generally do not qualify for hedge accounting due to the criteria required under the portfolio hedging rules outlined in ASC Topic 815. The Company also uses credit default swaps coupled with other investments in order to produce the investment characteristics of otherwise permissible investments that do not qualify as effective accounting hedges under ASC Topic 815.



	35

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Although the Company has not elected to net its derivative exposures, the notional amounts and fair values of Over-The-Counter ("OTC") and cleared derivatives excluding exchange traded contracts and forward contracts (To Be Announced mortgage-backed securities) are presented in the tables below as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2018
	Notional Amount		Asset Fair Value			Liability Fair Value
Credit contracts	$	627	$	9		$	3
Equity contracts	103		5			4
Foreign exchange contracts	594		2			40
Interest rate contracts	17,577		176			38
			192			85
Counterparty netting⁽¹⁾			(51		)	(51		)
Cash collateral netting⁽¹⁾			(137		)	—
Securities collateral netting⁽¹⁾			—			(33		)
Net receivables/payables			$	4		$	1

⁽¹⁾Represents the netting of receivable balances with payable balances, net of collateral, for the same counterparty under eligible netting agreements.



	December 31, 2017
	Notional Amount		Asset Fair Value			Liability Fair Value
Credit contracts	$	771	$	10		$	6
Equity contracts	154		9			7
Foreign exchange contracts	559		—			52
Interest rate contracts	17,286		117			20
			136			85
Counterparty netting⁽¹⁾			(50		)	(50		)
Cash collateral netting⁽¹⁾			(84		)	—
Securities collateral netting⁽¹⁾			—			(30		)
Net receivables/payables			$	2		$	5

⁽¹⁾Represents the netting of receivable balances with payable balances, net of collateral, for the same counterparty under eligible netting agreements.

Collateral

Under the terms of the OTC Derivative International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. ("ISDA") agreements, the Company may receive from, or deliver to, counterparties, collateral to assure that terms of the ISDA agreements will be met with regard to the Credit Support Annex ("CSA"). The terms of the CSA call for the Company to pay interest on any cash received equal to the Federal Funds rate. To the extent cash collateral is received and delivered, it is included in Payables under securities loan agreements, including collateral held and Short-term investments under securities loan agreements, including collateral delivered, respectively, on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and is reinvested in short-term investments. Collateral held is used in accordance with the CSA to satisfy any obligations. Investment grade bonds owned by the Company are the source of noncash collateral posted, which is reported in Securities pledged on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2018, the Company held $8 and $130 of net cash collateral related to OTC derivative contracts and cleared derivative contracts, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the Company held $11 and $74 of net cash collateral related to OTC derivative contracts and cleared derivative contracts, respectively. In addition, as of September 30, 2018, the Company delivered $176 of securities and held no securities as collateral. As of December 31, 2017, the Company delivered $161 of securities and held no securities as collateral.



	36

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Net realized gains (losses) on derivatives were as follows for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Derivatives: Qualifying for hedge accounting⁽¹⁾
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate contracts	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Foreign exchange contracts	2			3			6			11
Derivatives: Non-qualifying for hedge accounting⁽²⁾
Interest rate contracts	19			1			26			(4		)
Foreign exchange contracts	—			(1		)	—			(1		)
Equity contracts	—			—			—			1
Credit contracts	2			1			2			4
Embedded derivatives and Managed custody guarantees:
Within fixed maturity investments⁽²⁾	(1		)	(1		)	(5		)	(4		)
Within products⁽²⁾	24			7			56			18
Within reinsurance agreements⁽³⁾	4			(2		)	53			(18		)
Total	$	50		$	8		$	138		$	7

⁽¹⁾Changes in value for effective fair value hedges are recorded in Other net realized capital gains (losses). Changes in fair value upon disposal for effective cash flow hedges are amortized through Net investment income and the ineffective portion is recorded in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, ineffective amounts were immaterial.

⁽²⁾ Changes in value are included in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

⁽³⁾ Changes in value are included in Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Credit Default Swaps

The Company has entered into various credit default swaps. When credit default swaps are sold, the Company assumes credit exposure to certain assets that it does not own. Credit default swaps may also be purchased to reduce credit exposure in the Company's portfolio. Credit default swaps involve a transfer of credit risk from one party to another in exchange for periodic payments. As of September 30, 2018, the fair values of credit default swaps of $9 and $3 were included in Derivatives assets and Derivatives liabilities, respectively, on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2017, the fair values of credit default swaps of $10 and $6 were included in Derivatives assets and Derivatives liabilities, respectively, on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the maximum potential future exposure to the Company was $422 and $497, respectively, on credit default swaps. These instruments are typically written for a maturity period of 5 years and contain no recourse provisions. If the Company's current debt and claims paying ratings were downgraded in the future, the terms in the Company's derivative agreements may be triggered, which could negatively impact overall liquidity.



	37

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

4. Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurement

The Company categorizes its financial instruments into a three-level hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique, pursuant to ASU 2011-04, "Fair Value Measurements (ASC Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP" ("ASU 2011-04"). The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the category level is based on the lowest priority level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument.

When available, the estimated fair value of financial instruments is based on quoted prices in active markets that are readily and regularly obtainable. When quoted prices in active markets are not available, the determination of estimated fair value is based on market standard valuation methodologies, including discounted cash flow methodologies, matrix pricing or other similar techniques.



	38

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

The following table presents the Company’s hierarchy for its assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018:



	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Assets:
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged:
U.S. Treasuries	$	462		$	58		$	—		$	520
U.S. Government agencies and authorities	—			—			—			—
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	—			751			—			751
U.S. corporate public securities	—			8,144			18			8,162
U.S. corporate private securities	—			2,907			840			3,747
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments⁽¹⁾	—			2,577			10			2,587
Foreign corporate private securities ⁽¹⁾	—			3,050			121			3,171
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—			2,844			42			2,886
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	—			1,685			13			1,698
Other asset-backed securities	—			1,058			81			1,139
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged	462			23,074			1,125			24,661
Equity securities	10			—			52			62
Derivatives:
Interest rate contracts	—			176			—			176
Foreign exchange contracts	—			2			—			2
Equity contracts	—			5			—			5
Credit contracts	—			9			—			9
Cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and short-term investments under securities loan agreements	1,018			—			—			1,018
Assets held in separate accounts	70,409			5,933			56			76,398
Total assets	$	71,899		$	29,199		$	1,233		$	102,331
Percentage of Level to Total	70		%	29		%	1		%	100		%
Liabilities:
Derivatives:
Guaranteed benefit derivatives:
FIA	$	—		$	—		$	13		$	13
Stabilizer and MCGs	—			—			41			41
Other derivatives:
Interest rate contracts	—			38			—			38
Foreign exchange contracts	—			40			—			40
Equity contracts	—			4			—			4
Credit contracts	—			3			—			3
Embedded derivative on reinsurance	—			(75		)	—			(75		)
Total liabilities	$	—		$	10		$	54		$	64

⁽¹⁾Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.



	39

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

The following table presents the Company’s hierarchy for its assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017:



	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Assets:
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged:
U.S. Treasuries	$	597		$	59		$	—		$	656
U.S. Government agencies and authorities	—			3			—			3
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	—			878			—			878
U.S. corporate public securities	—			9,210			26			9,236
U.S. corporate private securities	—			2,855			642			3,497
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments⁽¹⁾	—			2,777			—			2,777
Foreign corporate private securities ⁽¹⁾	—			3,123			92			3,215
Residential mortgage-backed securities	—			2,608			21			2,629
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	—			1,463			7			1,470
Other asset-backed securities	—			638			43			681
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged	597			23,614			831			25,042
Equity securities, available-for-sale	10			—			50			60
Derivatives:
Interest rate contracts	—			117			—			117
Foreign exchange contracts	—			—			—			—
Equity contracts	—			9			—			9
Credit contracts	—			10			—			10
Cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and short-term investments under securities loan agreements	1,078			—			—			1,078
Assets held in separate accounts	67,966			5,059			11			73,036
Total assets	$	69,651		$	28,809		$	892		$	99,352
Percentage of Level to total	70		%	29		%	1		%	100		%
Liabilities:
Derivatives:
Guaranteed benefit derivatives:
FIA	$	—		$	—		$	20		$	20
Stabilizer and MCGs	—			—			97			97
Other derivatives:
Interest rate contracts	—			20			—			20
Foreign exchange contracts	—			52			—			52
Equity contracts	—			7			—			7
Credit contracts	—			6			—			6
Embedded derivative on reinsurance	—			(21		)	—			(21		)
Total liabilities	$	—		$	64		$	117		$	181

⁽¹⁾Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.



	40

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Valuation of Financial Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at estimated fair value on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The exit price and the transaction (or entry) price will be the same at initial recognition in many circumstances. However, in certain cases, the transaction price may not represent fair value. The fair value of a liability is based on the amount that would be paid to transfer a liability to a third-party with an equal credit standing. Fair value is required to be a market-based measurement that is determined based on a hypothetical transaction at the measurement date, from a market participant's perspective. The Company considers three broad valuation approaches when a quoted price is unavailable: (i) the market approach, (ii) the income approach and (iii) the cost approach. The Company determines the most appropriate valuation technique to use, given the instrument being measured and the availability of sufficient inputs. The Company prioritizes the inputs to fair valuation approaches and allows for the use of unobservable inputs to the extent that observable inputs are not available.

The Company utilizes a number of valuation methodologies to determine the fair values of its financial assets and liabilities in conformity with the concepts of exit price and the fair value hierarchy as prescribed in ASC Topic 820. Valuations are obtained from third-party commercial pricing services, brokers and industry-standard, vendor-provided software that models the value based on market observable inputs. The valuations obtained from third-party commercial pricing services are non-binding. The Company reviews the assumptions and inputs used by third-party commercial pricing services for each reporting period in order to determine an appropriate fair value hierarchy level. The documentation and analysis obtained from third-party commercial pricing services are reviewed by the Company, including in-depth validation procedures confirming the observability of inputs. The valuations are reviewed and validated monthly through the internal valuation committee price variance review, comparisons to internal pricing models, back testing to recent trades or monitoring of trading volumes.

Fixed maturities: The fair values for actively traded marketable bonds are determined based upon the quoted market prices and are classified as Level 1 assets. Assets in this category primarily include certain U.S. Treasury securities.

For fixed maturities classified as Level 2 assets, fair values are determined using a matrix-based market approach, based on prices obtained from third-party commercial pricing services and the Company’s matrix and analytics-based pricing models, which in each case incorporate a variety of market observable information as valuation inputs. The market observable inputs used for these fair value measurements, by fixed maturity asset class, are as follows:

U.S. Treasuries: Fair value is determined using third-party commercial pricing services, with the primary inputs being stripped interest and principal U.S. Treasury yield curves that represent a U.S. Treasury zero-coupon curve.

U.S. government agencies and authorities, State, municipalities and political subdivisions: Fair value is determined using third-party commercial pricing services, with the primary inputs being U.S. Treasury yield curves, trades of comparable securities, credit spreads off benchmark yields and issuer ratings.

U.S. corporate public securities, Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments: Fair value is determined using third-party commercial pricing services, with the primary inputs being benchmark yields, trades of comparable securities, issuer ratings, bids and credit spreads off benchmark yields.

U.S. corporate private securities and Foreign corporate private securities: Fair values are determined using a matrix and analytics-based pricing model. The model incorporates the current level of risk-free interest rates, current corporate credit spreads, credit quality of the issuer and cash flow characteristics of the security. The model also considers a liquidity spread, the value of any collateral, the capital structure of the issuer, the presence of guarantees, and prices and quotes for comparably rated publicly traded securities.

RMBS, CMBS and ABS: Fair value is determined using third-party commercial pricing services, with the primary inputs being credit spreads off benchmark yields, prepayment speed assumptions, current and forecasted loss severity, debt service coverage ratios, collateral type, payment priority within tranche and the vintage of the loans underlying the security.



	41

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Generally, the Company does not obtain more than one vendor price from pricing services per instrument. The Company uses a hierarchy process in which prices are obtained from a primary vendor and, if that vendor is unable to provide the price, the next vendor in the hierarchy is contacted until a price is obtained or it is determined that a price cannot be obtained from a commercial pricing service. When a price cannot be obtained from a commercial pricing service, independent broker quotes are solicited. Securities priced using independent broker quotes are classified as Level 3.

Broker quotes and prices obtained from pricing services are reviewed and validated through an internal valuation committee price variance review, comparisons to internal pricing models, back testing to recent trades or monitoring of trading volumes. After review, for those instruments where the price is determined to be appropriate, the unadjusted price provided is used for financial statement valuation. If it is determined that the price is questionable, another price may be requested from a different vendor. The internal valuation committee then reviews all prices for the instrument again, along with information from the review, to determine which price best represents exit price for the instrument.

Fair values of privately placed bonds are determined primarily using a matrix-based pricing model and are generally classified as Level 2 assets. The model considers the current level of risk-free interest rates, current corporate spreads, the credit quality of the issuer and cash flow characteristics of the security. Also considered are factors such as the net worth of the borrower, the value of collateral, the capital structure of the borrower, the presence of guarantees and the Company's evaluation of the borrower's ability to compete in its relevant market. Using this data, the model generates estimated market values which the Company considers reflective of the fair value of each privately placed bond.

Equity securities: Fair values of publicly traded equity securities are based upon quoted market price and are classified as Level 1 assets. Other equity securities, typically private equities or equity securities not traded on an exchange, are valued by other sources such as analytics or brokers and are classified as Level 2 or Level 3 assets.

Derivatives: Derivatives are carried at fair value, which is determined using the Company's derivative accounting system in conjunction with observable key financial data from third party sources, such as yield curves, exchange rates, S&P 500 Index prices, London Interbank Offered Rates ("LIBOR") and OIS rates. The Company uses OIS for valuations of collateralized interest rate derivatives, which are obtained from third-party sources. For those derivatives that are unable to be valued by the accounting system, the Company typically utilizes values established by third-party brokers. Counterparty credit risk is considered and incorporated in the Company's valuation process through counterparty credit rating requirements and monitoring of overall exposure. It is the Company's policy to transact only with investment grade counterparties with a credit rating of A- or better. The Company's nonperformance risk is also considered and incorporated in the Company's valuation process. Valuations for the Company's futures and interest rate forward contracts are based on unadjusted quoted prices from an active exchange and, therefore, are classified as Level 1. The Company also has certain credit default swaps and options that are priced by third party vendors or by using models that primarily use market observable inputs, but contain inputs that are not observable to market participants, which have been classified as Level 3. The remaining derivative instruments are valued based on market observable inputs and are classified as Level 2.

Cash and cash equivalents, Short-term investments and Short-term investments under securities loan agreement: The carrying amounts for cash reflect the assets' fair values. The fair values for cash equivalents and most short-term investments are determined based on quoted market prices. These assets are classified as Level 1. Other short-term investments are valued and classified in the fair value hierarchy consistent with the policies described herein, depending on investment type.

Assets held in separate accounts: Assets held in separate accounts are reported at the quoted fair values of the underlying investments in the separate accounts. The underlying investments include mutual funds, short-term investments and cash, the valuations of which are based upon a quoted market price and are included in Level 1. Fixed maturity valuations are obtained from third-party commercial pricing services and brokers and are classified in the fair value hierarchy consistent with the policy described above for fixed maturities.

Guaranteed benefit derivatives: The index-crediting feature in the Company's FIA contract is an embedded derivative that is required to be accounted for separately from the host contract. The fair value of the obligation is calculated based on actuarial and capital market assumptions related to the projected cash flows, including benefits and related contract charges, over the anticipated life of the related contracts. The cash flow estimates are produced by market implied assumptions. These derivatives are classified as Level 3 liabilities in the fair value hierarchy.



	42

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

The Company records reserves for Stabilizer and MCG contracts containing guaranteed credited rates. The guarantee is treated as an embedded derivative or a stand-alone derivative (depending on the underlying product) and is required to be reported at fair value. The estimated fair value is determined based on the present value of projected future claims, minus the present value of future guaranteed premiums. At inception of the contract, the Company projects a guaranteed premium to be equal to the present value of the projected future claims. The income associated with the contracts is projected using relevant actuarial and capital market assumptions, including benefits and related contract charges, over the anticipated life of the related contracts. The cash flow estimates are produced by using stochastic techniques under a variety of risk neutral scenarios and other market implied assumptions. These derivatives are classified as Level 3 liabilities.

The discount rate used to determine the fair value of the embedded derivatives and stand-alone derivative includes an adjustment for nonperformance risk. The nonperformance risk adjustment incorporates a blend of observable, similarly rated peer holding company credit spreads, adjusted to reflect the credit quality of the Company, the issuer of the guarantee, as well as an adjustment to reflect the non-default spreads and the priority and recovery rates of policyholder claims.

The Company's valuation actuaries are responsible for the policies and procedures for valuing the embedded derivatives, reflecting the capital markets and actuarial valuation inputs and nonperformance risk in the estimate of the fair value of the embedded derivatives. The actuarial and capital market assumptions for each liability are approved by each product's Chief Risk Officer ("CRO"), including an independent annual review by the CRO. Models used to value the embedded derivatives must comply with the Company's governance policies.

Quarterly, an attribution analysis is performed to quantify changes in fair value measurements and a sensitivity analysis is used to analyze the changes. The changes in fair value measurements are also compared to corresponding movements in the hedge target to assess the validity of the attributions. The results of the attribution analysis are reviewed by the valuation actuaries, responsible CFOs, Controllers, CROs and/or others as nominated by management.

Embedded derivatives on reinsurance: The carrying value of embedded derivatives is estimated based upon the change in the fair value of the assets supporting the funds withheld payable under reinsurance agreements. The fair value of the embedded derivatives is based on market observable inputs and is classified as Level 2.

Transfers in and out of Level 1 and 2

There were no securities transferred between Level 1 and Level 2 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out as of the beginning of the reporting period.

Level 3 Financial Instruments

The fair values of certain assets and liabilities are determined using prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement (i.e., Level 3 as defined by ASC Topic 820), including but not limited to liquidity spreads for investments within markets deemed not currently active. These valuations, whether derived internally or obtained from a third-party, use critical assumptions that are not widely available to estimate market participant expectations in valuing the asset or liability. In addition, the Company has determined, for certain financial instruments, an active market is such a significant input to determine fair value that the presence of an inactive market may lead to classification in Level 3. In light of the methodologies employed to obtain the fair values of financial assets and liabilities classified as Level 3, additional information is presented below.



	43

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

The following tables summarize the change in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 assets and liabilities and transfers in and out of Level 3 for the period indicated:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Fair Value as of July 1			Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in:						Purchases		Issuances			Sales			Settlements			Transfers into Level 3⁽³⁾		Transfers out of Level 3⁽³⁾			Fair Value as of September 30			Change In Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings⁽⁴⁾
				Net Income			OCI
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged:
U.S. Corporate public securities	$	18		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	18		$	—
U.S. Corporate private securities	738			—			(7		)	62		—			—			(5		)	60		(8		)	840			—
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments⁽¹⁾	—			—			—			10		—			—			—			—		—			10			—
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	122			—			(4		)	8		—			—			(9		)	4		—			121			—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	33			(2		)	—			20		—			—			—			—		(9		)	42			(2		)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	16			—			—			13		—			—			—			—		(16		)	13			—
Other asset-backed securities	97			—			—			11		—			—			(1		)	—		(26		)	81			—
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged	1,024			(2		)	(11		)	124		—			—			(15		)	64		(59		)	1,125			(2		)
Equity securities	53			(1		)	—			—		—			—			—			—		—			52			(1		)
Derivatives:
Guaranteed benefit derivatives:
Stabilizer and MCGs⁽²⁾	(63		)	24			—			—		(1		)	—			(1		)	—		—			(41		)	—
FIA⁽²⁾	(16		)	—			—			—		—			—			3			—		—			(13		)	—
Cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and short-term investments under securities loan agreement	1			—			—			—		—			(1		)	—			—		—			—			—
Assets held in separate accounts⁽⁵⁾	38			—			—			23		—			—			—			—		(5		)	56			—
⁽¹⁾Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
⁽²⁾All gains and losses on Level 3 liabilities are classified as realized gains (losses) for the purpose of this disclosure because it is impracticable to track realized and unrealized gains (losses) separately on a contract-by-contract basis. These amounts are included in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
⁽³⁾ The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out as of the beginning of the reporting period.
⁽⁴⁾ For financial instruments still held as of September 30, amounts are included in Net investment income and Total net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
⁽⁵⁾ The investment income and realized gains (losses) and change in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for separate account assets are offset by an equal amount for separate account liabilities, which results in a net zero impact on Net income (loss) for the Company.



	44

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Fair Value as of January 1			Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in:						Purchases		Issuances			Sales			Settlements			Transfers into Level 3⁽³⁾		Transfers out of Level 3⁽³⁾			Fair Value as of September 30			Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings⁽⁴⁾
				Net Income			OCI
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged:
U.S. Corporate public securities	$	26		$	—		$	—		$	3	$	—		$	(5	)	$	—		$	—	$	(6	)	$	18		$	—
U.S. Corporate private securities	642			—			(29		)	165		—			(5		)	(9		)	84		(8		)	840			—
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments⁽¹⁾	—			—			—			10		—			—			—			—		—			10			—
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	92			(8		)	17			86		—			(56		)	(10		)	—		—			121			(8		)
Residential mortgage-backed securities	21			(5		)	—			71		—			(40		)	—			—		(5		)	42			(5		)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	7			—			—			13		—			—			—			—		(7		)	13			—
Other asset-backed securities	43			—			(2		)	43		—			—			(3		)	21		(21		)	81			—
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged	831			(13		)	(14		)	391		—			(106		)	(22		)	105		(47		)	1,125			(13		)
Equity securities	50			(1		)	—			3		—			—			—			—		—			52			(1		)
Derivatives:
Guaranteed benefit derivatives:
Stabilizer and MCGs⁽²⁾	(97		)	58			—			—		(2		)	—			—			—		—			(41		)	—
FIA⁽²⁾	(20		)	(2		)	—			—		1			—			8			—		—			(13		)	—
Cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and short-term investments under securities loan agreements	—			—			—			1		—			(1		)	—			—		—			—			—
Assets held in separate accounts⁽⁵⁾	11			—			—			50		—			—			—			—		(5		)	56			—
⁽¹⁾Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
⁽²⁾All gains and losses on Level 3 liabilities are classified as realized gains (losses) for the purpose of this disclosure because it is impracticable to track realized and unrealized gains (losses) separately on a contract-by-contract basis. These amounts are included in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
⁽³⁾ The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out as of the beginning of the reporting period.
⁽⁴⁾ For financial instruments still held as of September 30, amounts are included in Net investment income and Total net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
⁽⁵⁾ The investment income and realized gains (losses) and change in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for separate account assets are offset by an equal amount for separate account liabilities, which results in a net zero impact on Net income (loss) for the Company.



	45

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

The following tables summarize the change in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 assets and liabilities and transfers in and out of Level 3 for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Fair Value as of July 1			Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in:						Purchases		Issuances			Sales			Settlements			Transfers into Level 3⁽³⁾		Transfers out of Level 3⁽³⁾			Fair Value as of September 30			Change In Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings⁽⁴⁾
				Net Income			OCI
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged:
U.S. Corporate public securities	$	27		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	27		$	—
U.S. Corporate private securities	595			—			1			2		—			(1		)	(10		)	12		—			599			—
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	128			—			(1		)	14		—			—			—			—		—			141			—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	37			(2		)	—			9		—			—			—			—		(17		)	27			(2		)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	6			—			—			8		—			—			—			—		(6		)	8			—
Other asset-backed securities	36			—			—			32		—			—			—			—		(24		)	44			—
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged	829			(2		)	—			65		—			(1		)	(10		)	12		(47		)	846			(2		)
Equity securities, available-for-sale	51			—			—			—		—			—			—			—		—			51			—
Derivatives:
Guaranteed benefit derivatives:
Stabilizer and MCGs⁽²⁾	(141		)	8			—			—		(1		)	—			—			—		—			(134		)	—
FIA⁽²⁾	(23		)	(1		)	—			—		—			—			1			—		—			(23		)	—
Cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and short-term investments under securities loan agreement	—			—			—			—		—			—			—			—		—			—			—
Assets held in separate accounts⁽⁵⁾	3			—			—			4		—			—			—			—		(1		)	6			—
⁽¹⁾Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
⁽²⁾All gains and losses on Level 3 liabilities are classified as realized gains (losses) for the purpose of this disclosure because it is impracticable to track realized and unrealized gains (losses) separately on a contract-by-contract basis. These amounts are included in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
⁽³⁾ The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out as of the beginning of the reporting period.
⁽⁴⁾ For financial instruments still held as of September 30, amounts are included in Net investment income and Total net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
⁽⁵⁾ The investment income and realized gains (losses) and change in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for separate account assets are offset by an equal amount for separate account liabilities, which results in a net zero impact on Net income (loss) for the Company.



	46

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Fair Value as of January 1			Total Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in:						Purchases		Issuances			Sales			Settlements			Transfers into Level 3⁽³⁾		Transfers out of Level 3⁽³⁾			Fair Value as of September 30			Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings⁽⁴⁾
				Net Income			OCI
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged:
U.S. Corporate public securities	$	7		$	—		$	—		$	11	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	9	$	—		$	27		$	—
U.S. Corporate private securities	525			—			6			46		—			(1		)	(10		)	43		(10		)	599			—
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	154			—			(2		)	32		—			—			(10		)	—		(33		)	141			—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	21			(5		)	—			9		—			—			—			2		—			27			(5		)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	10			—			—			8		—			—			—			—		(10		)	8			—
Other asset-backed securities	27			—			1			33		—			—			(2		)	—		(15		)	44			—
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged	744			(5		)	5			139		—			(1		)	(22		)	54		(68		)	846			(5		)
Equity securities, available-for-sale	48			—			1			2		—			—			—			—		—			51			—
Derivatives:
Guaranteed benefit derivatives:
Stabilizer and MCGs⁽²⁾	(151		)	20			—			—		(3		)	—			—			—		—			(134		)	—
FIA⁽²⁾	(23		)	(2		)	—			—		—			—			2			—		—			(23		)	—
Cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and short-term investments under securities loan agreements	—			—			—			—		—			—			—			—		—			—			—
Assets held in separate accounts⁽⁵⁾	6			—			—			10		—			(3		)	—			2		(9		)	6			—
⁽¹⁾Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
⁽²⁾All gains and losses on Level 3 liabilities are classified as realized gains (losses) for the purpose of this disclosure because it is impracticable to track realized and unrealized gains (losses) separately on a contract-by-contract basis. These amounts are included in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
⁽³⁾ The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out as of the beginning of the reporting period.
⁽⁴⁾ For financial instruments still held as of September 30, amounts are included in Net investment income and Total net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
⁽⁵⁾ The investment income and realized gains (losses) and change in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for separate account assets are offset by an equal amount for separate account liabilities, which results in a net zero impact on Net income (loss) for the Company.



	47

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the transfers in and out of Level 3 for fixed maturities and separate accounts were due to the variation in inputs relied upon for valuation each quarter. Securities that are primarily valued using independent broker quotes when prices are not available from one of the commercial pricing services are reflected as transfers into Level 3. When securities are valued using more widely available information, the securities are transferred out of Level 3 and into Level 1 or 2, as appropriate.

Significant Unobservable Inputs

The Company's Level 3 fair value measurements of its fixed maturities, equity securities and equity and credit derivative contracts are primarily based on broker quotes for which the quantitative detail of the unobservable inputs is neither provided nor reasonably corroborated, thus negating the ability to perform a sensitivity analysis. The Company performs a review of broker quotes by performing a monthly price variance comparison and back tests broker quotes to recent trade prices.

Quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the Company's Level 3 fair value measurements of its guaranteed benefit derivatives is presented in the following sections and table.

Significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements of FIAs include nonperformance risk and policyholder behavior assumptions, such as lapses and partial withdrawals.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Stabilizer embedded derivatives and MCG derivative are interest rate implied volatility, nonperformance risk, lapses and policyholder deposits. Such inputs are monitored quarterly.

Following is a description of selected inputs:

Interest Rate Volatility: A term-structure model is used to approximate implied volatility for the swap rates for the Stabilizer and MCG fair value measurements. Where no implied volatility is readily available in the market, an alternative approach is applied based on historical volatility.

Nonperformance Risk: For the estimate of the fair value of embedded derivatives associated with the Company's product guarantees, the Company uses a blend of observable, similarly rated peer holding company credit spreads, adjusted to reflect the credit quality of the Company, as well as an adjustment to reflect the non-default spreads and the priority and recovery rates of policyholder claims.

Actuarial Assumptions: Management regularly reviews actuarial assumptions, which are based on the Company's experience and periodically reviewed against industry standards. Industry standards and Company experience may be limited on certain products.



	48

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

The following table presents the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements as of September 30, 2018:



	Range⁽¹⁾
Unobservable Input	FIA		Stabilizer / MCG
Interest rate implied volatility	—		0.1% to 6.3%
Nonperformance risk	0.28% to 0.95%		0.28% to 0.95%
Actuarial Assumptions:
Partial Withdrawals	0% to 7%		—
Lapses	0% to 42%	⁽²⁾	0% to 50%	⁽³⁾
Policyholder Deposits⁽⁴⁾	—		0% to 50%	⁽³⁾

⁽¹⁾ Represents the range of reasonable assumptions that management has used in its fair value calculations.

⁽²⁾ Lapse rates tend to be lower during the contractual surrender charge period and higher after the surrender charge period ends; the highest lapse rates occur in the year immediately after the end of the surrender charge period.

⁽³⁾ Stabilizer contracts with recordkeeping agreements have different range of lapse and policyholder deposit assumptions from Stabilizer (Investment only) and MCG contracts as shown below:



	Percentage of Plans		Overall Range of Lapse Rates	Range of Lapse Rates for 85% of Plans	Overall Range of Policyholder Deposits	Range of Policyholder Deposits for 85% of Plans
Stabilizer (Investment Only) and MCG Contracts	92	%	0-25%	0-15%	0-30%	0-15%
Stabilizer with Recordkeeping Agreements	8	%	0-50%	0-30%	0-50%	0-25%
Aggregate of all plans	100	%	0-50%	0-30%	0-50%	0-25%

⁽⁴⁾ Measured as a percentage of assets under management or assets under administration.

The following table presents the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements as of December 31, 2017:



	Range⁽¹⁾
Unobservable Input	FIA		Stabilizer / MCG
Interest rate implied volatility	—		0.1% to 6.3%
Nonperformance risk	0.02% to 1.1%		0.02% to 1.1%
Actuarial Assumptions:
Partial Withdrawals	0.5% to 7%		—
Lapses	0% to 42%	⁽²⁾	0% to 50%	⁽³⁾
Policyholder Deposits⁽⁴⁾	—		0% to 50%	⁽³⁾

⁽¹⁾ Represents the range of reasonable assumptions that management has used in its fair value calculations.

⁽³⁾ Stabilizer contracts with recordkeeping agreements have different range of lapse and policyholder deposit assumptions from Stabilizer (Investment only) and MCG contracts as shown below:



	Percentage of Plans		Overall Range of Lapse Rates	Range of Lapse Rates for 85% of Plans	Overall Range of Policyholder Deposits	Range of Policyholder Deposits for 85% of Plans
Stabilizer (Investment Only) and MCG Contracts	92	%	0-25%	0-15%	0-30%	0-15%
Stabilizer with Recordkeeping Agreements	8	%	0-50%	0-30%	0-50%	0-25%
Aggregate of all plans	100	%	0-50%	0-30%	0-50%	0-25%

⁽⁴⁾ Measured as a percentage of assets under management or assets under administration.

Generally, the following will cause an increase (decrease) in the FIA embedded derivative fair value liability:


•	A decrease (increase) in nonperformance risk


•	A decrease (increase) in lapses



	49

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Generally, the following will cause an increase (decrease) in the derivative and embedded derivative fair value liabilities related to Stabilizer and MCG contracts:


•	An increase (decrease) in interest rate implied volatility


•	A decrease (increase) in nonperformance risk


•	A decrease (increase) in lapses


•	A decrease (increase) in policyholder deposits

The Company notes the following interrelationships:


•	Generally, an increase (decrease) in interest rate volatility will increase (decrease) lapses of Stabilizer and MCG contracts due to dynamic participant behavior.

Other Financial Instruments

The following disclosures are made in accordance with the requirements of ASC Topic 825 which requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

ASC Topic 825 excludes certain financial instruments, including insurance contracts and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not represent the underlying value of the Company.



	50

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

The carrying values and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Carrying Value			Fair Value			Carrying Value			Fair Value
Assets:
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged	$	24,661		$	24,661		$	25,042		$	25,042
Equity securities	62			62			60			60
Mortgage loans on real estate	5,016			4,982			4,910			4,924
Policy loans	212			212			214			214
Cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and short-term investments under securities loan agreements	1,018			1,018			1,078			1,078
Derivatives	192			192			136			136
Notes receivable from affiliate	—			—			175			222
Short-term loan to affiliate	—			—			80			80
Other Investments	39			39			—			—
Assets held in separate accounts	76,398			76,398			73,036			73,036
Liabilities:
Investment contract liabilities:
Funding agreements without fixed maturities and deferred annuities⁽¹⁾	25,442			28,183			25,314			29,431
Funding agreements with fixed maturities	627			636			—			—
Supplementary contracts, immediate annuities and other	340			377			365			418
Deposit liabilities	77			114			135			198
Derivatives:
Guaranteed benefit derivatives:
FIA	13			13			20			20
Stabilizer and MCGs	41			41			97			97
Other derivatives	85			85			85			85
Short-term debt	1			1			—			—
Long-term debt	4			4			5			5
Embedded derivatives on reinsurance	(75		)	(75		)	(21		)	(21		)

⁽¹⁾ Certain amounts included in Funding agreements without fixed maturities and deferred annuities are also reflected within the Guaranteed benefit derivatives section of the table above.



	51

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

The following table presents the classification of financial instruments which are not carried at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:



Financial Instrument	Classification
Mortgage loans on real estate	Level 3
Policy loans	Level 2
Notes receivable from affiliates	Level 2
Short-term loan to affiliate	Level 2
Other investments	Level 2
Funding agreements without fixed maturities and deferred annuities	Level 3
Funding agreements with fixed maturities	Level 2
Supplementary contracts, immediate annuities and other	Level 3
Deposit liabilities	Level 3
Short-term debt and Long-term debt	Level 2



	52

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

5. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Value of Business Acquired

The following tables present a rollforward of DAC and VOBA for the periods indicated:



	2018
	DAC			VOBA				Total
Balance as of January 1, 2018	$	385		$	367			$	752
Deferrals of commissions and expenses	40			5				45
Amortization:
Amortization, excluding unlocking	(55		)	(55		)		(110		)
Unlocking ⁽¹⁾	(25		)	26				1
Interest accrued	26			29			⁽²⁾	55
Net amortization included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	(54		)	—				(54		)
Change due to unrealized capital gains/losses on available-for-sale securities	144			174				318
Balance as of September 30, 2018	$	515		$	546			$	1,061



	2017
	DAC			VOBA				Total
Balance as of January 1, 2017	$	477		$	537			$	1,014
Deferrals of commissions and expenses	55			4				59
Amortization:
Amortization, excluding unlocking	(57		)	(68		)		(125		)
Unlocking ⁽¹⁾	(60		)	(97		)		(157		)
Interest accrued	28			34			⁽²⁾	62
Net amortization included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	(89		)	(131		)		(220		)
Change due to unrealized capital gains/losses on available-for-sale securities	(68		)	(67		)		(135		)
Balance as of September 30, 2017	$	375		$	343			$	718

⁽¹⁾ Includes the impacts of annual review of assumptions which typically occurs in the third quarter; and retrospective and prospective unlocking.Additionally, the 2018 amounts include unfavorable unlocking of DAC and VOBA of $25 and $26, respectively, associated with an update to assumptions related to customer consents of changes to guaranteed minimum interest rate provisions. The 2017 amounts include unfavorable unlocking for DAC and VOBA of $80 and $140, respectively, associated with consent acceptances received from customers and expected future acceptances of customer consents to changes related to guaranteed minimum interest rate provisions of certain retirement plan contracts with fixed investment options.

⁽²⁾Interest accrued at the following rates for VOBA: 5.5% to 7.0% during 2018 and 2017.



	53

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

6. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Shareholder’s equity included the following components of AOCI as of the dates indicated:



	September 30,
	2018			2017
Fixed maturities, net of OTTI	$	312		$	1,433
Equity securities	—			16
Derivatives	117			147
DAC/VOBA and Sales inducements adjustment on available-for-sale securities	(114		)	(459		)
Premium deficiency reserve adjustment	(58		)	(117		)
Other	—			—
Unrealized capital gains (losses), before tax	257			1,020
Deferred income tax asset (liability)	(59		)	(234		)
Unrealized capital gains (losses), after tax	198			786
Pension and other postretirement benefits liability, net of tax	3			5
AOCI	$	201		$	791



	54

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Changes in AOCI, including the reclassification adjustments recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows for the periods indicated:




	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Before-Tax Amount				Income Tax			After-Tax Amount
Available-for-sale securities:
Fixed maturities	$	(124	)		$	35		$	(89	)
Equity securities	—			⁽²⁾	—			—
Other	—				—			—
OTTI	1				(1		)	—
Adjustments for amounts recognized in Net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	9				(2		)	7
DAC/VOBA and Sales inducements	31				(7		)	24
Premium deficiency reserve adjustment	3				(1		)	2
Change in unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale securities	(80		)		24			(56		)

Derivatives:
Derivatives	4			⁽¹⁾	(1		)	3
Adjustments related to effective cash flow hedges for amounts recognized in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	(6		)		1			(5		)
Change in unrealized gains/losses on derivatives	(2		)		—			(2		)

Pension and other postretirement benefits liability:
Amortization of prior service cost recognized in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	(1		)		—			(1		)
Change in pension and other postretirement benefits liability	(1		)		—			(1		)
Change in Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(83	)		$	24		$	(59	)

⁽¹⁾ See the Derivative Financial Instruments Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

⁽²⁾ Balance reclassified to Retained earnings due to adoption of ASU 2016-01.



	55

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)




	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Before-Tax Amount				Income Tax				After-Tax Amount
Available-for-sale securities:
Fixed maturities	$	(1,188	)		$	259		⁽⁴⁾	$	(929	)
Equity securities	—			⁽³⁾	—				—
Other	(5		)		1				(4		)
OTTI	8				(2		)		6
Adjustments for amounts recognized in Net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	42				(9		)		33
DAC/VOBA and Sales inducements	318			⁽¹⁾	(67		)		251
Premium deficiency reserve adjustment	57				(12		)		45
Change in unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale securities	(768		)		170				(598		)

Derivatives:
Derivatives	11			⁽²⁾	(2		)		9
Adjustments related to effective cash flow hedges for amounts recognized in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	(18		)		4				(14		)
Change in unrealized gains/losses on derivatives	(7		)		2				(5		)

Pension and other postretirement benefits liability:
Amortization of prior service cost recognized in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	(2		)		—				(2		)
Change in pension and other postretirement benefits liability	(2		)		—				(2		)
Change in Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(777	)		$	172			$	(605	)

⁽¹⁾See the Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Value of Business Acquired Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

⁽²⁾ See the Derivative Financial Instruments Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

⁽³⁾ Balance reclassified to Retained earnings due to adoption of ASU 2016-01.

⁽⁴⁾ Amount includes $12 valuation allowance. See the Income Taxes Note these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.



	56

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)




	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Before-Tax Amount				Income Tax			After-Tax Amount
Available-for-sale securities:
Fixed maturities	$	105			$	(37	)	$	68
Equity securities	—				—			—
Other	—				—			—
OTTI	—				—			—
Adjustments for amounts recognized in Net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	3				(1		)	2
DAC/VOBA and Sales inducements	(9		)		3			(6		)
Premium deficiency reserve adjustment	(6		)		3			(3		)
Change in unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale securities	93				(32		)	61

Derivatives:
Derivatives	(17		)	⁽¹⁾	5			(12		)
Adjustments related to effective cash flow hedges for amounts recognized in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	(6		)		2			(4		)
Change in unrealized gains/losses on derivatives	(23		)		7			(16		)

Pension and other postretirement benefits liability:
Amortization of prior service cost recognized in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	(1		)		1			—
Change in pension and other postretirement benefits liability	(1		)		1			—
Change in Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	69			$	(24	)	$	45

⁽¹⁾ See the Derivative Financial Instruments Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.



	57

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)




	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Before-Tax Amount				Income Tax			After-Tax Amount
Available-for-sale securities:
Fixed maturities	$	546			$	(190	)	$	356
Equity securities	1				—			1
Other	—				—			—
OTTI	2				(1		)	1
Adjustments for amounts recognized in Net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	23				(8		)	15
DAC/VOBA and Sales inducements	(135		)	⁽¹⁾	47			(88		)
Premium deficiency reserve adjustment	(27		)		10			(17		)
Change in unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale securities	410				(142		)	268

Derivatives:
Derivatives	(36		)	⁽²⁾	12			(24		)
Adjustments related to effective cash flow hedges for amounts recognized in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	(18		)		6			(12		)
Change in unrealized gains/losses on derivatives	(54		)		18			(36		)

Pension and other postretirement benefits liability:
Amortization of prior service cost recognized in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	(2		)		1			(1		)
Change in pension and other postretirement benefits liability	(2		)		1			(1		)
Change in Other comprehensive income (loss)	$	354			$	(123	)	$	231

⁽¹⁾See the Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Value of Business Acquired Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

⁽²⁾ See the Derivative Financial Instruments Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.



	58

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

7. Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Reform"). Tax Reform makes broad changes to U.S. federal tax law, including, but not limited to (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%; (2) changing the computations of the dividends received deduction, tax reserves, and deferred acquisition costs; (3) eliminating the net operating loss ("NOL") carryback and limiting the NOL carryforward deduction to 80% of taxable income for losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017; and (4) changing how alternative minimum tax ("AMT") credits can be realized. Tax Reform eliminated the corporate AMT and allows the credit carryforward to be refunded over the next 4 years. The refund, however, is subject to reduction based on a sequestration rate of 6.6%, set pursuant to the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended.

The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") to address situations where a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting under ASC Topic 740 for certain income tax effects of Tax Reform for the reporting period of enactment. SAB 118 allows the Company to provide a provisional estimate of the impacts of Tax Reform during a measurement period similar to the measurement period used when accounting for business combinations. Adjustments to the provisional estimate and additional impacts from Tax Reform must be recorded as they are identified during the measurement period as provided for in SAB 118.

In 2017 in reliance on SAB 118, the Company provisionally remeasured its deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the 21% tax rate at which they are expected to reverse in the future. Prior to the current quarter, the Company recorded an adjustment to the provisional estimate related to the calculation of tax reserves and AMT sequestration. During the current quarter, the Company recorded a final adjustment to the provisional estimate related to AMT sequestration. The Company continues to analyze the effects of Tax Reform and will record adjustments and additional impacts from Tax Reform as they are identified during the measurement period as provided for in SAB 118.

The Company's effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was 17.4% and 15.6%, respectively. The effective tax rates for these periods differed from the statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the effect of the dividends received deduction ("DRD"), partially offset by the change in the valuation allowance.

The Company's effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was 1,128.4% and (113.4)%, respectively. The effective tax rates for these periods differed from the statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the effect of the DRD.

Tax Sharing Agreement

The results of the Company's operations are included in the consolidated tax return of Voya Financial, Inc. Generally, the Company's consolidated financial statements recognize the current and deferred income tax consequences that result from the Company's activities during the current and preceding periods pursuant to the provisions of Income Taxes (ASC Topic 740) as if the Company were a separate taxpayer rather than a member of Voya Financial, Inc.'s consolidated income tax return group with the exception of any net operating loss carryforwards and capital loss carryforwards, which are recorded pursuant to the tax sharing agreement. If the Company instead were to follow a separate taxpayer approach without any exceptions, there would be no impact to income tax expense (benefit) for the periods indicated above. Also, any current tax benefit related to the Company's tax attributes realized by virtue of its inclusion in the consolidated tax return of Voya Financial, Inc. would have been recorded directly to equity rather than income. Under the tax sharing agreement, Voya Financial, Inc. will pay the Company for the tax benefits of ordinary and capital losses only in the event that the consolidated tax group actually uses the tax benefit of losses generated.

Tax Regulatory Matters

During 2018, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") completed its examination of the Company's returns through tax year 2016. The audit settlements did not have a material impact on the Company. The Company is currently under audit by the IRS, and it is expected that the examination of the tax year 2017 will be finalized within the next twelve months. The Company and the IRS have agreed to participate in the Compliance Assurance Process for the tax years 2017 and 2018.



	59

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

8. Financing Agreements

Reciprocal Loan Agreement

The Company maintains a reciprocal loan agreement with Voya Financial, Inc., an affiliate, to facilitate the handling of unanticipated short-term cash requirements that arise in the ordinary course of business. Under this agreement, which became effective in June 2001 and expires on April 1, 2021, either party can borrow from the other up to 3.0% of the Company’s statutory admitted assets as of the preceding December 31. Effective January 2014, interest on any borrowing by either the Company or Voya Financial, Inc. is charged at a rate based on the prevailing market rate for similar third-party borrowings or securities.

Under this agreement, the Company incurred and earned immaterial interest expense and interest income for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Company did not incur interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and incurred immaterial interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The Company did not earn interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and earned $1 in interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had an outstanding receivable of $80 and no outstanding payable. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the outstanding receivable was settled and there were no outstanding receivable/payable from/to Voya Financial, Inc. under the reciprocal loan agreement.

For information on the Company's additional financing agreements, see the Financing Agreements Note in the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K.

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Through the normal course of investment operations, the Company commits to either purchase or sell securities, mortgage loans, or money market instruments, at a specified future date and at a specified price or yield. The inability of counterparties to honor these commitments may result in either a higher or lower replacement cost. Also, there is likely to be a change in the value of the securities underlying the commitments. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had off-balance sheet commitments to acquire mortgage loans of $72 and purchase limited partnerships and private placement investments of $564.

Restricted Assets

The Company is required to maintain assets on deposit with various regulatory authorities to support its insurance operations. The Company may also post collateral in connection with certain securities lending, repurchase agreements, funding agreements, letter of credit ("LOC") and derivative transactions as described further in this note. The components of the fair value of the restricted assets were as follows as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Fixed maturity collateral pledged to FHLB⁽¹⁾	$	713	$	—
FHLB restricted stock⁽²⁾	39		—
Other fixed maturities-state deposits	13		13
Cash and cash equivalents	5		5
Securities pledged⁽³⁾	985		960
Total restricted assets	$	1,755	$	978

⁽¹⁾ Included in Fixed maturities, available for sale, at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

⁽²⁾ Included in Other investments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

⁽³⁾ Includes the fair value of loaned securities of $809 and $799 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. In addition, as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company delivered securities as collateral of $176 and $161, respectively. Loaned securities and securities delivered as collateral are included in Securities pledged on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.



	60

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

Federal Home Loan Bank Funding

On January 18, 2018, the Company became a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston ("FHLB"). The Company is required to pledge collateral to back funding agreements issued to the FHLB. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had $627 in non-putable funding agreements, which are included in Future policy benefits and contract owner account balances on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2018, assets with a market value of approximately $713 collateralized the FHLB funding agreements. Assets pledged to the FHLB are included in Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Litigation, Regulatory Matters and Loss Contingencies

Litigation, regulatory and other loss contingencies arise in connection with the Company's activities as a diversified financial services firm. The Company is a defendant in a number of litigation matters arising from the conduct of its business, both in the ordinary course and otherwise. In some of these matters, claimants seek to recover very large or indeterminate amounts, including compensatory, punitive, treble and exemplary damages. Modern pleading practice in the U.S. permits considerable variation in the assertion of monetary damages and other relief. Claimants are not always required to specify the monetary damages they seek or they may be required only to state an amount sufficient to meet a court's jurisdictional requirements. Moreover, some jurisdictions allow claimants to allege monetary damages that far exceed any reasonably possible verdict. The variability in pleading requirements and past experience demonstrates that the monetary and other relief that may be requested in a lawsuit or claim often bears little relevance to the merits or potential value of a claim. Litigation against the Company includes a variety of claims including negligence, breach of contract, fraud, violation of regulation or statute, breach of fiduciary duty, negligent misrepresentation, failure to supervise, elder abuse and other torts.

As with other financial services companies, the Company periodically receives informal and formal requests for information from various state and federal governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations in connection with inquiries and investigations of the products and practices of the Company or the financial services industry. It is the practice of the Company to cooperate fully in these matters.

The outcome of a litigation or regulatory matter is difficult to predict and the amount or range of potential losses associated with these or other loss contingencies requires significant management judgment. It is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome or to provide reasonably possible losses or ranges of losses for all pending regulatory matters, litigation, and other loss contingencies.

While it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain cases could have a material adverse effect upon the Company's financial position, based on information currently known, management believes that neither the outcome of pending litigation and regulatory matters, nor potential liabilities associated with other loss contingencies, are likely to have such an effect. However, given the large and indeterminate amounts sought in certain litigation and the inherent unpredictability of all such matters, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain of the Company's litigation or regulatory matters, or liabilities arising from other loss contingencies, could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect upon the Company's results of operations or cash flows in a particular quarterly or annual period.

For some matters, the Company is able to estimate a possible range of loss. For such matters in which a loss is probable, an accrual has been made. For matters where the Company, however, believes a loss is reasonably possible, but not probable, no accrual is required. For matters for which an accrual has been made, but there remains a reasonably possible range of loss in excess of the amounts accrued or for matters where no accrual is required, the Company develops an estimate of the unaccrued amounts of the reasonably possible range of losses. As of September 30, 2018, the Company estimates the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of any amounts accrued for these matters as of such date, is not material to the Company.

For other matters, the Company is currently not able to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss. The Company is often unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss until developments in such matters have provided sufficient information to support an assessment of the range of possible loss, such as quantification of a damage demand from plaintiffs, discovery from plaintiffs and other parties, investigation of factual allegations, rulings by a court on motions or appeals, analysis by experts and the progress of settlement discussions. On a quarterly and annual basis, the Company reviews relevant information with respect



	61

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

to litigation and regulatory contingencies and updates the Company's accruals, disclosures and reasonably possible losses or ranges of loss based on such reviews.

Litigation includes Dezelan v. Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company (USDC District of Connecticut, No. 3:16-cv-1251)(filed July 26, 2016), a putative class action in which plaintiff, a participant in a 403(b) Plan, seeks to represent a class of plans whose assets are invested in Voya Retirement and Annuity Company ("VRIAC") "Group Annuity Contract Stable Value Funds." Plaintiff alleges that VRIAC has violated the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA") by charging unreasonable fees and setting its own compensation in connection with stable value products. Plaintiff seeks declaratory and injunctive relief, disgorgement of profits, damages and attorney’s fees. The Company denies the allegations, which it believes are without merit, and intends to defend the case vigorously. On July 19, 2017, the district court granted the Company's motion to dismiss, but permitted the plaintiff to file an amended complaint. Plaintiff subsequently filed a first amended complaint, and the district court denied the amended complaint with prejudice on August 17, 2018. Plaintiff filed a notice of appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit on September 13, 2018.

Litigation also includes Goetz v. Voya Financial and Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company (USDC District of Delaware, No. 1:17-cv-1289) (filed September 8, 2017), a putative class action in which plaintiff, a participant in a 401(k) plan, seeks to represent other participants in the plan as well as a class of similarly situated plans that "contract with [Voya] for recordkeeping and other services." Plaintiff alleges that "Voya" breached its fiduciary duty to the plan and other plan participants by charging unreasonable and excessive recordkeeping fees, and that "Voya" distributed materially false and misleading 404a-5 administrative and fund fee disclosures to conceal its excessive fees. The Company denies the allegations, which it believes are without merit, and intends to defend the case vigorously. Plaintiff filed an amended complaint on January 4, 2018, and the Company filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint of February 8, 2018.

10. Related Party Transactions

Operating Agreements

Prior to May 1, 2017, DSL was the investment adviser to certain U.S. registered investment companies that are investment options under certain of the Company’s variable insurance products. Consequently, DSL was party to various intercompany management and revenue sharing agreements, whereby DSL earned revenues and incurred expenses associated with these intercompany agreements. Effective May 1, 2017, Voya Investments, LLC, ("VIL") an affiliate, was appointed as investment adviser to these U.S. registered investment companies and DSL no longer provided these advisory and certain other related services to its affiliates. While this change has an impact on the Company’s and DSL’s total revenues and total expenses, the net impact on the Company’s Net income (loss) is expected to be insignificant. As of June 1, 2018, DSL was divested pursuant to the Transaction.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, revenues with affiliated entities related to the operating agreements disclosed in the Related Party Transactions Note in the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K and reflecting changes to certain of these operating agreements described above were $25 and $169, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, revenues with affiliated entities related to the aforementioned operating agreements, as amended were $91 and $348, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, expenses with affiliated entities related to the aforementioned operating agreements, as amended, were $117 and $428, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, expenses with affiliated entities related to the aforementioned operating agreements, as amended, were $172 and $551, respectively.

Reinsurance Agreements

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company recaptured its coinsurance agreement with Langhorne I, LLC ("Langhorne") to manage the reserve and capital requirements in connection with a portion of its Stabilizer and Managed Custody Guarantee, which resulted in the Company recording a $74 pre-tax gain on recapture of reinsured business that was reported in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. This agreement was accounted for under the deposit method.



	62

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries

(A wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc.)

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had deposit assets of $37 and $63, respectively, and deposit liabilities of $77 and $135, respectively. Deposit assets and liabilities are included in Other assets and Other liabilities, respectively, on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For further information, see the Related Party Transactions Note in the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K.



	63

Item 2. Management’s Narrative Analysis of the Results of Operations and Financial Condition

(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

For the purposes of the discussion in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the term "VRIAC" refers to Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company, and the terms "Company," "we," "our," "us" refer to Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and its subsidiaries. We are a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc., which is a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Financial, Inc.

The following discussion and analysis presents a review of our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and financial condition as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. This item should be read in its entirety and in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes contained in Part I., Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as "Management's Narrative Analysis of the Results of Operations and Financial Condition" section contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 ("Annual Report on Form 10-K").

In addition to historical data, this discussion contains forward-looking statements about our business, operations and financial performance based on current expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. See "Note Concerning Forward-Looking Statements."

Overview

VRIAC is a stock life insurance company domiciled in the State of Connecticut. VRIAC and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") provide financial products and services in the United States. VRIAC is authorized to conduct its insurance business in all states and in the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

As of June 1, 2018, Directed Services LLC ("DSL") was divested pursuant to the Transaction described below. Subsequent to the Transaction, VRIAC has one wholly owned non-insurance subsidiary, Voya Financial Partners, LLC ("VFP").

On June 1, 2018, VRIAC's ultimate parent, Voya Financial, Inc. ("Voya Financial"), consummated a series of transactions (collectively, the "Transaction") pursuant to a Master Transaction Agreement dated December 20, 2017 (the "MTA") with VA Capital Company LLC ("VA Capital") and Athene Holding Ltd. ("Athene"). As part of the Transaction, VA Capital's wholly owned subsidiary Venerable Holdings, Inc. ("Venerable") acquired certain of Voya Financial's assets, including all of the shares of the capital stock of Voya Insurance and Annuity Company ("VIAC"), our Iowa-domiciled insurance affiliate, as well as the membership interests of DSL, our broker-dealer subsidiary. Following the closing of the Transaction, VRIAC acquired a 9.99% equity interest in VA Capital.

Tax Reform

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Reform") was signed into law. Tax Reform significantly revised U.S. federal corporate income tax law by, among other things, reducing the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% and changing various provisions of the Federal tax code that impact life insurance companies.

For more information on Tax Reform, see Critical Accounting Judgments and Estimates in Part II, Item 7. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and the Income Taxes Note in Part I, Item I. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Our Business

Our products include qualified and nonqualified annuity contracts that include a variety of funding and payout options for individuals and employer-sponsored retirement plans qualified under Internal Revenue Code Sections 401, 403, 408, 457 and 501, as well as nonqualified deferred compensation plans and related services. Our products are offered primarily to employer-sponsored groups in the health care, government and education markets (collectively "tax exempt markets"), small to mid-sized corporations and individuals. We also provide stable value investment options, including separate account guaranteed investment contracts (e.g. GICs) and synthetic GICs, to institutional clients. Our products are generally distributed through pension professionals, independent agents and brokers, third party administrators, banks, consultants, dedicated financial guidance, planning and advisory representatives associated with Voya Financial, Inc.'s retail broker-dealer, Voya Financial Advisors, Inc. ("Voya Financial Advisors").



	64

We derive our revenue mainly from (a) investment income earned on investments, (b) Fee income generated from separate account assets supporting variable options under variable annuity contract investments, as designated by contract owners, (c) Premiums, (d) realized capital gains (losses) on investments and changes in fair value of embedded derivatives on product guarantees, and (e) Other revenue which includes certain other fees. Our Benefits and expenses primarily consist of (a) Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders, (b) Operating expenses, which include expenses related to the selling and servicing of the various products offered by us and other general business expenses and (c) amortization of DAC and VOBA. In addition, we collect broker-dealer commission revenues through VFP, which are, in turn, paid to broker-dealers and expensed.

We have one operating segment.

In 2017, we began soliciting customer consents to execute a change to reduce the guaranteed minimum interest rate ("GMIR initiative") applicable to future deposits and transfers into fixed investment options for certain retirement plan contracts with above- market GMIRs. This change reduces our interest rate exposure on new deposits, transfers and in certain plans existing fixed account assets and will favorably impact the DAC and VOBA amortization rate and operating earnings over time. See the Assumptions and Periodic Review section in Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments below.

Impact of New Accounting Pronouncements

For information regarding the impact of new accounting pronouncements, see the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Judgments and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Critical estimates and assumptions are evaluated on an on-going basis based on historical developments, market conditions, industry trends and other information that is reasonable under the circumstances. There can be no assurance that actual results will conform to estimates and assumptions and that reported results of operations will not be materially affected by the need to make future accounting adjustments to reflect changes in these estimates and assumptions from time to time.

We have identified the following accounting judgments and estimates as critical in that they involve a higher degree of judgment and are subject to a significant degree of variability:

•Reserves for future policy benefits;

•Deferred policy acquisition costs ("DAC") and value of business acquired ("VOBA");

•Valuation of investments and derivatives;

•Impairments;

•Income taxes; and

•Contingencies.

In developing these accounting estimates, we make subjective and complex judgments that are inherently uncertain and subject to material changes as facts and circumstances develop. Although variability is inherent in these estimates, we believe the amounts provided are appropriate based on the facts available upon preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The above critical accounting estimates are described in the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note in our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Assumptions and Periodic Review

Changes in assumptions can have a significant impact on DAC/VOBA and other intangibles balances, amortization rates, reserve levels and results of operations. Assumptions are management's best estimates of future outcome. We periodically review these assumptions against actual experience and, based on additional information that becomes available, update our assumptions. Deviation of emerging experience from our assumptions could have a significant effect on our DAC/VOBA and other intangibles, reserves and the related results of operations.



	65

During the third quarter of 2018 and 2017, we conducted our annual review of assumptions, including projection model inputs. These reviews resulted in net favorable unlocking of DAC and VOBA of $42 million in the current period compared to net unfavorable unlocking of DAC and VOBA of $60 million in the prior period.

In 2017, we began soliciting customer consents to execute a change to reduce the guaranteed minimum interest rate ("GMIR initiative") applicable to future deposits and transfers into fixed investment options for certain retirement plan contracts with above-market GMIRs. This change reduces our interest rate exposure on new deposits, transfers and in certain plans existing fixed account assets and will favorably impact the DAC/VOBA amortization rate and Adjusted operating earnings over time. The GMIR initiative unlocking recorded in 2017 reflected management’s best estimate of consent acceptances expected during 2017 and subsequent years related to this initiative.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, unfavorable unlocking of DAC and VOBA related to GMIR provisions was $51 million, of which $8 million was included in the results of the annual review of assumptions referenced above. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, unfavorable unlocking of DAC and VOBA related to changes in GMIR provisions was $220 million, of which $92 million was included in the results of the annual review of assumptions referenced above.

Income Taxes

Changes in Law

Certain changes or future events, such as changes in tax legislation, geographic mix of earnings, completion of tax audits, planning opportunities and expectations about future outcomes could have an impact on our estimates of valuation allowances, deferred taxes, tax provisions and effective tax rates.

As discussed in the Income Taxes Note to the Accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Tax Reform makes broad changes to U.S. federal tax law. The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") to address situations where a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting under ASC Topic 740 for certain income tax effects of Tax Reform for the reporting period of enactment. SAB 118 allows us to provide a provisional estimate of the impacts of Tax Reform during a measurement period similar to the measurement period used when accounting for business combinations. Adjustments to the provisional estimate and additional impacts from Tax Reform must be recorded as they are identified during the measurement period as provided for in SAB 118.

We relied on SAB 118 to determine the impact of Tax Reform on our net deferred tax asset position as of December 31, 2017. Deferred income tax represents the tax effect of the differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets represent the tax benefit of future deductible temporary differences, operating loss carryforwards and tax credits carryforwards. We periodically evaluate and test our ability to realize our deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In assessing the more likely than not criteria, we consider future taxable income as well as prudent tax planning strategies.

Pursuant to SAB 118, we estimated that Tax Reform resulted in a one-time decrease in our net deferred tax liability position of $116 million as of December 31, 2017. This decrease was substantially due to the remeasurement of our deferred tax assets and liabilities at 21%, the new federal corporate income tax rate at which the deferred tax assets and liabilities were expected to reverse in the future. This estimate includes the effect of a reduction in our deferred tax liability associated with accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI"). The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance in February 2018 that allows reclassification of the reduction in the deferred tax liability associated with AOCI from retained earnings to AOCI. The Company continues to evaluate this new guidance, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted.

We continue to analyze the effects of Tax Reform and will record adjustments and additional impacts as they are identified during the measurement period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we have recorded certain adjustments to our provisional estimate. The final impact to our deferred taxes could differ materially from our provisional estimate as a result of future clarifications or guidance related to Tax Reform.

Our effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was 17.4% and 15.6%, respectively. The effective tax rates for these periods differed from the statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the effect of the dividends received deduction ("DRD"), partially offset by the change in the valuation allowance.



	66

Our effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was 1,128.4% and (113.4)%, respectively. The effective tax rates for these periods differed from the statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the effect of the DRD.



	67

Results of Operations



_{($ in millions)}	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenues:
Net investment income	$	425		$	379		$	1,204		$	1,136
Fee income	177			170			526			537
Premiums	13			11			35			35
Broker-dealer commission revenue	1			42			69			128
Net realized capital gains (losses):
Total other-than-temporary impairments	(6		)	—			(15		)	—
Less: Portion of other-than-temporary impairments recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss)	—			—			1			—
Net other-than-temporary impairments recognized in earnings	(6		)	—			(16		)	—
Other net realized capital gains (losses)	(38		)	(42		)	(198		)	(145		)
Total net realized capital gains (losses)	(44		)	(42		)	(214		)	(145		)
Other revenue	6			(1		)	8			1
Total revenues	578			559			1,628			1,692
Benefits and expenses:
Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders	227			240			625			720
Operating expenses	183			194			469			605
Broker-dealer commission expense	1			42			69			128
Net amortization of Deferred policy acquisition costs and Value of business acquired	(28		)	84			54			220
Total benefits and expenses	383			560			1,217			1,673
Income (loss) before income taxes	195			(1		)	411			19
Income tax expense (benefit)	34			(13		)	64			(21		)
Net income (loss)	$	161		$	12		$	347		$	40

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2017

Revenues

Net investment income increased $46 million from $379 million to $425 million primarily due to:


•	higher alternative investment income;


•	higher income due to a change in the mix of portfolio of assets in the current period;


•	growth in the general account assets driven by positive net flows, including the cumulative impact of participants' transfers from variable investment option into fixed investment options; and


•	higher prepayment fee income.

Fee income increased $7 million from $170 million to $177 million primarily due to:


•	an increase in the growth in the separate account and institutional/mutual fund assets under management ("AUM") driven by equity market improvements.

The increase was partially offset by:


•	the shift in business mix; and



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•	the divestment of DSL pursuant to the transaction described in the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Broker-dealer commission revenue decreased $41 million from $42 million to $1 million primarily due to:


•	the divestment of DSL pursuant to the Transaction described in the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Other Revenue changed $7 million from a loss of $1 million to income of $6 million primarily due to:


•	favorable market value adjustments on separate accounts.

Benefits and Expenses

Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders decreased $13 million from $240 million to $227 million primarily due to:


•	a favorable change in the fair value of the embedded derivative on reinsurance; and


•	the impact of favorable changes in interest and equity markets.

Operating expenses decreased $11 million from $194 million to $183 million primarily due to:


•	lower technology costs; and


•	lower employee related expenses.

Broker-dealer commission expense decreased $41 million from $42 million to $1 million primarily due to:


•	the divestment of DSL pursuant to the Transaction described in the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Net amortization of DAC and VOBA changed $112 million from an expense of $84 million to a benefit $28 million primarily due to:


•	lower unfavorable DAC/VOBA unlocking related to the GMIR initiative;


•	higher favorable DAC/VOBA unlocking compared to the prior period due to annual assumptions updates; and


•	the favorable impact of the GMIR initiative on the amortization rates.

Income tax expense (benefit) changed $47 million from a benefit of $13 million to an expense of $34 million primarily due to:


•	an increase in income before income taxes; and


•	a change in the valuation allowance.

This was partially offset by:


•	the impact of the lower federal corporate tax rate.

Net income (loss) increased by $149 million from $12 million to $161 million primarily due to:


•	lower Net amortization of DAC and VOBA;


•	higher Net investment income;


•	lower Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders;


•	lower Operating expenses;


•	higher Fee income; and


•	higher Other revenue.



	69

The increase was partially offset by:


•	higher Income tax expense.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017

Revenues

Net investment income increased $68 million from $1,136 million to $1,204 million primarily due to:


•	higher alternative investment income;


•	growth in general account assets driven by positive net flows, including the cumulative impact of participants' transfers from variable investment options to fixed investment options;


•	higher income due to a change in the mix of portfolio of assets in the current period; and


•	higher prepayment fee income.

Fee income decreased $11 million from $537 million to $526 million primarily due to:


•	lower investment advisory fee income, resulting from changes to the investment advisory relationship with affiliates. See the Related Party Transactions Note to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further detail;


•	the divestment of DSL pursuant to the transaction described in the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q; and


•	the shift in business mix.

The decrease was partially offset by:


•	an increase in the growth in the separate account and institutional/mutual fund assets under management ("AUM") driven by equity market improvements.

Broker-dealer commission revenue decreased $59 million from $128 million to $69 million primarily due to:


•	the divestment of DSL pursuant to the Transaction described in the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Total net realized capital losses increased $69 million from $145 million to $214 million primarily due to


•	unfavorable changes in fixed maturities using the fair value option due to interest rate movements and spread changes; and


•	higher net realized losses on the disposal of available for sale fixed maturities, including securities pledged due to higher impairments.

The increase was partially offset by:


•	favorable changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives on product guarantees primarily due to the result of interest rate movements including the impact of non-performance risk; and


•	favorable changes in the fair value of derivatives due to interest rate movements.

Other Revenue increased $7 million from $1 million to $8 million primarily due to:


•	favorable market value adjustments on separate accounts.

Benefits and Expenses

Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders decreased $95 million from $720 million to $625 million primarily due to:



	70


•	a favorable change in the fair value of the embedded derivative on reinsurance; and


•	a decrease in the change in reserves due to changes in interest and equity markets.

Operating expenses decreased $136 million from $605 million to $469 million primarily due to:


•	a gain on the recapture of the Langhorne coinsurance agreement during the current period. See the Related Party Transactions Note to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further detail;


•	lower investment advisory expenses resulting from changes in the investment advisory relationship with affiliates referenced above;


•	lower employee related expenses; and


•	lower technology costs.

Broker-dealer commission expense decreased $59 million from $128 million to $69 million primarily due to:


•	the divestment of DSL pursuant to the Transaction described in the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Net amortization of DAC and VOBA decreased $166 million from $220 million to $54 million primarily due to:


•	lower unfavorable DAC/VOBA unlocking related to the GMIR initiative; and


•	the favorable impact of the GMIR initiative on the amortization rates.

The decrease was partially offset by:


•	lower favorable DAC/VOBA unlocking due to separate account performance; and


•	higher DAC/VOBA amortization related to the change in embedded derivative associated with a reinsurance agreement.

Income tax expense (benefit) changed $85 million from a benefit of $21 million to an expense of $64 million primarily due to:


•	an increase in income before income taxes; and


•	a change in the valuation allowance.

This was partially offset by:


•	the impact of the lower federal corporate tax rate; and


•	a change in the dividends received deduction ("DRD").

Net income (loss) increased by $307 million from $40 million to $347 million primarily due to:


•	lower Net amortization of DAC and VOBA;


•	lower Operating expenses;


•	lower Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders;


•	higher Net investment income; and


•	higher Other revenue.

The increase was partially offset by:


•	higher Income tax expense;


•	higher Net realized losses; and


•	lower Fee income.



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Financial Condition

Investments

See Management's Narrative Analysis of the Results of Operations and Financial Condition in Part II, Item. 7. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for information on our investment strategy.

See the Investments Note to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information on investments.

Portfolio Composition

The following table presents the investment portfolio as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
($ in millions)	Carrying Value		% of Total		Carrying Value		% of Total
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, excluding securities pledged	$	22,586	73.5	%	$	23,141	75.1	%
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option	1,090		3.5	%	941		3.1	%
Equity securities, at fair value	62		0.2	%	60		0.2	%
Short-term investments⁽¹⁾	—		—	%	25		0.1	%
Mortgage loans on real estate	5,016		16.3	%	4,910		15.9	%
Policy loans	212		0.7	%	214		0.7	%
Limited partnerships/corporations	570		1.9	%	411		1.3	%
Derivatives	192		0.6	%	136		0.5	%
Securities pledged	985		3.2	%	960		3.1	%
Other investments	39		0.1	%	—		—	%
Total investments	$	30,752	100.0	%	$	30,798	100.0	%

⁽¹⁾Short-term investments include investments with remaining maturities of one year or less, but greater than 3 months, at the time of purchase.



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Fixed Maturities

The following tables present total fixed maturities, including securities pledged, by market sector as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2018
($ in millions)	Amortized Cost		% of Total		Fair Value		% of Total
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasuries	$	451	1.9	%	$	520	2.1	%
U.S. Government agencies and authorities	—		—	%	—		—	%
State, municipalities, and political subdivisions	752		3.1	%	751		3.0	%
U.S. corporate public securities	7,924		32.5	%	8,162		33.1	%
U.S. corporate private securities	3,757		15.4	%	3,747		15.2	%
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments⁽¹⁾	2,555		10.5	%	2,587		10.5	%
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	3,193		13.1	%	3,171		12.9	%
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,837		11.7	%	2,886		11.7	%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,731		7.1	%	1,698		6.9	%
Other asset-backed securities	1,141		4.7	%	1,139		4.6	%
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged	$	24,341	100.0	%	$	24,661	100.0	%

⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.



	December 31, 2017
($ in millions)	Amortized Cost		% of Total		Fair Value		% of Total
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasuries	$	547	2.3	%	$	656	2.6	%
U.S. Government agencies and authorities	3		—	%	3		—	%
State, municipalities, and political subdivisions	842		3.6	%	878		3.5	%
U.S. corporate public securities	8,476		35.9	%	9,236		36.9	%
U.S. corporate private securities	3,387		14.4	%	3,497		14.0	%
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments⁽¹⁾	2,594		11.0	%	2,777		11.1	%
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	3,105		13.2	%	3,215		12.8	%
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,517		10.7	%	2,629		10.5	%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,437		6.1	%	1,470		5.9	%
Other asset-backed securities	671		2.8	%	681		2.7	%
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged	$	23,579	100.0	%	$	25,042	100.0	%

⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

As of September 30, 2018, the average duration of our fixed maturities portfolio, including securities pledged, is between 7.0 and 7.5 years.

Fixed Maturities Credit Quality - Ratings

For information regarding our fixed maturities credit quality ratings, see the Management's Narrative Analysis of the Results of Operations and Financial Condition in Part II, Item. 7. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.



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The following tables present credit quality of fixed maturities, including securities pledged, using NAIC designations as of the dates indicated:



($ in millions)	September 30, 2018
NAIC Quality Designation	1			2			3			4			5			6			Total Fair Value
U.S. Treasuries	$	520		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	520
U.S. Government agencies and authorities	—			—			—			—			—			—			—
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	702			48			—			—			—			1			751
U.S. corporate public securities	3,606			3,982			425			134			15			—			8,162
U.S. corporate private securities	1,523			2,036			96			83			9			—			3,747
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments⁽¹⁾	1,220			1,194			146			24			3			—			2,587
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	378			2,495			235			47			15			1			3,171
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,714			105			35			1			3			28			2,886
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,693			5			—			—			—			—			1,698
Other asset-backed securities	1,019			87			13			7			9			4			1,139
Total fixed maturities	$	13,375		$	9,952		$	950		$	296		$	54		$	34		$	24,661
% of Fair Value	54.2		%	40.4		%	3.9		%	1.2		%	0.2		%	0.1		%	100.0		%
⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

($ in millions)	December 31, 2017
NAIC Quality Designation	1			2			3			4			5			6			Total Fair Value
U.S. Treasuries	$	656		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	656
U.S. Government agencies and authorities	3			—			—			—			—			—			3
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	824			53			—			—			—			1			878
U.S. corporate public securities	4,560			4,148			395			131			2			—			9,236
U.S. corporate private securities	1,497			1,862			68			70			—			—			3,497
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments⁽¹⁾	1,238			1,300			211			25			3			—			2,777
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	492			2,398			301			20			1			3			3,215
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,564			23			1			—			4			37			2,629
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,453			17			—			—			—			—			1,470
Other asset-backed securities	580			83			9			2			—			7			681
Total fixed maturities	$	13,867		$	9,884		$	985		$	248		$	10		$	48		$	25,042
% of Fair Value	55.4		%	39.5		%	3.9		%	1.0		%	—		%	0.2		%	100.0		%
⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.



	74

The following tables present credit quality of fixed maturities, including securities pledged, using NAIC acceptable rating organizations ("ARO") ratings as of the dates indicated:



($ in millions)	September 30, 2018
ARO Quality Ratings	AAA			AA			A			BBB			BB and Below			Total Fair Value
U.S. Treasuries	$	520		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	520
U.S. Government agencies and authorities	—			—			—			—			—			—
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	60			446			196			48			1			751
U.S. corporate public securities	83			373			3,150			3,981			575			8,162
U.S. corporate private securities	95			143			1,354			1,969			186			3,747
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments⁽¹⁾	21			267			938			1,187			174			2,587
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	—			—			455			2,564			152			3,171
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,103			29			67			122			565			2,886
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	930			201			266			249			52			1,698
Other asset-backed securities	527			138			321			100			53			1,139
Total fixed maturities	$	4,339		$	1,597		$	6,747		$	10,220		$	1,758		$	24,661
% of Fair Value	17.6		%	6.5		%	27.4		%	41.4		%	7.1		%	100.0		%
⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

($ in millions)	December 31, 2017
ARO Quality Ratings	AAA			AA			A			BBB			BB and Below			Total Fair Value
U.S. Treasuries	$	656		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	656
U.S. Government agencies and authorities	3			—			—			—			—			3
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	84			540			200			53			1			878
U.S. corporate public securities	104			471			3,985			4,148			528			9,236
U.S. corporate private securities	104			136			1,363			1,721			173			3,497
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments⁽¹⁾	32			258			948			1,300			239			2,777
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	—			—			533			2,536			146			3,215
Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,001			15			48			24			541			2,629
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,126			83			142			92			27			1,470
Other asset-backed securities	378			90			67			104			42			681
Total fixed maturities	$	4,488		$	1,593		$	7,286		$	9,978		$	1,697		$	25,042
% of Fair Value	17.9		%	6.4		%	29.1		%	39.8		%	6.8		%	100.0		%
⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.



	75

Fixed maturities rated BB and below may have speculative characteristics and changes in economic conditions or other circumstances that are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the issuer to make principal and interest payments than is the case with higher rated fixed maturities.

Unrealized Capital Losses

Gross unrealized losses on fixed maturities, including securities pledged, increased $298 million from $148 million to $446 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in gross unrealized losses was primarily due to rising interest rates.

As of September 30, 2018, we held one fixed maturity with unrealized capital losses in excess of $10 million. As of September 30, 2018, the unrealized capital losses on this fixed maturity equaled $13 million, or 2.8% of the total unrealized losses. As of December 31, 2017, we held three fixed maturities with unrealized capital losses in excess of $10 million. As of December 31, 2017, the unrealized capital losses on these fixed maturities equaled $37 million, or 25.0% of the total unrealized losses.

As of September 30, 2018, we had $1.9 billion of energy sector fixed maturity securities, constituting 7.7% of the total fixed maturities portfolio, with gross unrealized capital losses of $47 million, including one energy sector fixed maturity security with unrealized capital losses in excess of $10 million. The unrealized capital loss on this fixed maturity security equaled $13 million. As of September 30, 2018, our fixed maturity exposure to the energy sector is comprised of 85.5% investment grade securities.

As of December 31, 2017, we held $2.1 billion of energy sector fixed maturity securities, constituting 8.4% of the total fixed maturities portfolio, with gross unrealized capital losses of $33 million, including one energy sector fixed maturity security with unrealized capital losses in excess of $10 million. The unrealized capital loss on this fixed maturity security equaled $14 million. As of December 31, 2017, our fixed maturity exposure to the energy sector is comprised of 84.7% investment grade securities.

See the Investments Note to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on unrealized capital losses.

Subprime and Alt-A Mortgage Exposure

Pre-2008 vintage subprime and Alt-A mortgage collateral continues to reflect a housing market entrenched in recovery. While collateral losses continue to be realized, the pace and magnitude at which losses are being realized are steadily decreasing. Serious delinquencies and other measures of performance, like prepayments and loan defaults, have also displayed sustained periods of improvement. Reflecting these fundamental improvements, related bond prices and sector liquidity have increased substantially since the credit crisis. More broadly, home prices have moved steadily higher, further supporting bond payment performance. Year-over-year home price measures, while at a lower magnitude than experienced in the years following the trough in home prices, have remained firmly positive, when measured on a nationwide basis. Despite the rise in mortgage rates over the course of the year, as well as some measures of housing activity slowing, this backdrop remains supportive of continued improvement in overall borrower payment behavior. In managing our risk exposure to subprime and Alt-A mortgages, we take into account collateral performance and structural characteristics associated with our various positions.

While we actively invest in and continue to manage a portfolio of such exposures in the form of securitized investments, we do not originate or purchase subprime or Alt-A whole-loan mortgages. Subprime lending is the origination of loans to customers with weaker credit profiles. We define Alt-A mortgages to include the following: residential mortgage loans to customers who have strong credit profiles but lack some element(s), such as documentation to substantiate income; residential mortgage loans to borrowers that would otherwise be classified as prime but for which loan structure provides repayment options to the borrower that increase the risk of default; and any securities backed by residential mortgage collateral not clearly identifiable as prime or subprime.

We have exposure to Residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS"), Commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS") and asset-backed securities ("ABS"). Our exposure to subprime mortgage-backed securities is primarily in the form of ABS structures collateralized by subprime residential mortgages and the majority of these holdings were included in Other ABS under "Fixed Maturities" above. As of September 30, 2018, the fair value and amortized cost related to our exposure to subprime mortgage-backed securities totaled $43 million and $39 million, respectively, representing 0.2% of total fixed maturities, including securities pledged, based on fair value. Gross unrealized losses related to our exposure to subprime mortgage-backed securities were immaterial. As of December 31, 2017, the fair value and amortized cost related to our exposure to subprime mortgage-backed securities totaled $44 million and $39 million, respectively, representing 0.2% of total fixed maturities, including securities pledged, based on fair value. Gross unrealized losses related to our exposure to subprime mortgage-backed securities were immaterial.



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Our exposure to Alt-A mortgages is included in the "RMBS" line item in the "Fixed Maturities" table under "Fixed Maturities" above. As of September 30, 2018, the fair value and amortized cost related to our exposure to Alt-A RMBS totaled $60 million and $49 million, respectively, representing 0.2% of total fixed maturities, including securities pledged, based on fair value. Gross unrealized losses related to our exposure to Alt-A RMBS were immaterial. As of December 31, 2017, the fair value and amortized cost related to our exposure to Alt-A RMBS totaled $55 million and $43 million, respectively, representing 0.2% of total fixed maturities, including securities pledged, based on fair value. Gross unrealized losses related to our exposure to Alt-A RMBS were immaterial.

Commercial Mortgage-backed and Other Asset-backed Securities

CMBS investments represent pools of commercial mortgages that are broadly diversified across property types and geographical areas. Delinquency rates on commercial mortgages increased over the course of 2009 through mid-2012. The steep pace of increases observed in this time frame relented, and the percentage of delinquent loans has generally declined since, with any increases relatively short-lived. Other performance metrics like vacancies, property values and rent levels have posted sustained improvement trends, although these metrics are not observed uniformly, differing by dimensions such as geographic location and property type. These improvements have been buoyed by some of the same macro-economic tailwinds alluded to in regards to our subprime and Alt-A mortgage exposure. A robust environment for property refinancing was particularly supportive of improving credit performance metrics throughout much of the post-credit crisis period. Spread performance has been generally reflective of the positive overall environment for commercial real estate, although not immune to periods of volatility. The first three quarters of 2018 for CMBS can be best characterized by issuance stability and liquid market conditions, while the mix of types of issues (agency versus private label and, within private label, single-asset, single-borrower versus conduit) has continued to evolve.

As of September 30, 2018, the fair value, amortized cost and gross unrealized losses of our Other ABS, excluding subprime exposure, totaled $1 billion, $1 billion and $6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the fair value, amortized cost and gross unrealized losses of our exposure to Other ABS, excluding subprime exposure, totaled $652 million, $648 million and $1 million, respectively.

As of September 30, 2018, nonconsolidated collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs") and student loans comprised 72.5% and 11.0%, respectively, of total Other ABS, excluding subprime exposure. As of December 31, 2017, Other ABS was broadly diversified both by type and issuer with credit card receivables, nonconsolidated CLOs , student loans and automobile receivables, comprising 2.5%, 61.6%, 10.1% and 4.5%, respectively, of total Other ABS, excluding subprime exposure.

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

We rate all commercial mortgages to quantify the level of risk. We place those loans with higher risk on a watch list and closely monitor these loans for collateral deficiency or other credit events that may lead to a potential loss of principal and/or interest. If we determine the value of any mortgage loan to be other-than-temporarily impaired ("OTTI") (i.e., when it is probable that we will be unable to collect on amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement), the carrying value of the mortgage loan is reduced to either the present value of expected cash flows from the loan, discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or fair value of the collateral. For those mortgages that are determined to require foreclosure, the carrying value is reduced to the fair value of the underlying collateral, net of estimated costs to obtain and sell at the point of foreclosure. The carrying value of the impaired loans is reduced by establishing an other-than-temporary write-down recorded in Net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Loan-to-value ("LTV") and debt service coverage ("DSC") ratios are measures commonly used to assess the risk and quality of commercial mortgage loans. The LTV ratio, calculated at time of origination, is expressed as a percentage of the amount of the loan relative to the value of the underlying property. An LTV ratio in excess of 100% indicates the unpaid loan amount exceeds the value of the underlying collateral. The DSC ratio, based upon the most recently received financial statements, is expressed as a percentage of the amount of a property's Net income (loss) to its debt service payments. A DSC ratio of less than 1.0 indicates that a property's operations do not generate sufficient income to cover debt payments. These ratios are utilized as part of the review process described above.

As of September 30, 2018, our mortgage loans on real estate portfolio had a weighted average DSC of 2.1 times and a weighted average LTV ratio of 62.2%. As of December 31, 2017, our mortgage loans on real estate portfolio had a weighted average DSC of 2.2 times and a weighted average LTV ratio of 61.8%. See the Investments Note to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on mortgage loans on real estate.



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Other-Than-Temporary Impairments

We evaluate available-for-sale fixed maturities for impairment on a regular basis. The assessment of whether impairments have occurred is based on a case-by-case evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in estimated fair value. See the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the policy used to evaluate whether the investments are other-than-temporarily impaired.

See the Investments Note to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on OTTI.

European Exposures

We quantify and allocate our exposure to the region by attempting to identify aspects of the region or country risk to which we are exposed. Among the factors we consider are the nationality of the issuer, the nationality of the issuer's ultimate parent, the corporate and economic relationship between the issuer and its parent, as well as the political, legal and economic environment in which each functions. By undertaking this assessment, we believe that we develop a more accurate assessment of the actual geographic risk, with a more integrated understanding of contributing factors to the full risk profile of the issuer.

In the normal course of our ongoing risk and portfolio management process, we closely monitor compliance with a credit limit hierarchy designed to minimize overly concentrated risk exposures by geography, sector and issuer. This framework takes into account various factors such as internal and external ratings, capital efficiency and liquidity and is overseen by a combination of Investment and Corporate Risk Management, as well as insurance portfolio managers focused specifically on managing the investment risk embedded in our portfolio.

While financial conditions in Europe have broadly improved, the possibility of capital market volatility spreading through a highly integrated and interdependent banking system remains. Despite signs of continuous improvement in the region, we continue to closely monitor our exposure to the region.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company's total European exposure had an amortized cost and fair value of $2,743 million and $2,755 million, respectively. European exposure with a primary focus on Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain (which we refer to as "peripheral Europe") amounts to $268 million, which includes non-financial institutions exposure in Ireland of $80 million, in Italy of $97 million, and in Spain of $58 million. We also had financial institutions exposure in Ireland of $9 million, in Italy of $5 million and in Spain of $19 million. We did not have any exposure to Greece or Portugal.

Among the remaining $2,487 million of total non-peripheral European exposure, we had a portfolio of credit-related assets similarly diversified by country and sector across developed and developing Europe. As of September 30, 2018, our non-peripheral sovereign exposure was $105 million, which consisted of fixed maturities. We also had $401 million in net exposure to non-peripheral financial institutions with a concentration in France of $71 million, The Netherlands of $50 million, Switzerland of $60 million and the United Kingdom of $200 million. The balance of $1,981 million was invested across non-peripheral, non-financial institutions.

Some of the major country level exposures were in the United Kingdom of $1,288 million, in The Netherlands of $253 million, in Belgium of $140 million, in France of $159 million, in Germany of $187 million, in Switzerland of $184 million and in Russia of $60 million. We believe the primary risk results from market value fluctuations resulting from spread volatility and the secondary risk is default risk, dependent upon the strength of continued recovery of economic conditions in Europe.



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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity is our ability to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the cash requirements of operating, investing and financing activities. Capital refers to our long-term financial resources available to support the business operations and contribute to future growth. Our ability to generate and maintain sufficient liquidity and capital depends on the profitability of the businesses, timing of cash flows on investments and products, general economic conditions and access to the capital markets and the alternate sources of liquidity and capital described herein.

Liquidity Management

Our principal available sources of liquidity are product charges, investment income, proceeds from the maturity and sale of investments, proceeds from debt issuance and borrowing facilities, repurchase agreements, contract deposits, securities lending and capital contributions. Primary uses of these funds are payments of commissions and operating expenses, interest credits, investment purchases and contract maturities, withdrawals and surrenders and payment of dividends.

Our liquidity position is managed by maintaining adequate levels of liquid assets, such as cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. As part of the liquidity management process, different scenarios are modeled to determine whether existing assets are adequate to meet projected cash flows. Key variables in the modeling process include interest rates, equity market movements, quantity and type of interest and equity market hedges, anticipated contract owner behavior, market value of the general account assets, variable separate account performance and implications of rating agency actions.

The fixed account liabilities are supported by a general account portfolio, principally composed of fixed rate investments with matching duration characteristics that can generate predictable, steady rates of return. The portfolio management strategy for the fixed account considers the assets available-for-sale. This strategy enables us to respond to changes in market interest rates, prepayment risk, relative values of asset sectors and individual securities and loans, credit quality outlook and other relevant factors. The objective of portfolio management is to maximize returns, taking into account interest rate and credit risk, as well as other risks. Our asset/liability management discipline includes strategies to minimize exposure to loss as interest rates and economic and market conditions change. In executing this strategy, we use derivative instruments to manage these risks. Our derivative counterparties are of high credit quality.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Additional sources of liquidity include borrowing facilities to meet short-term cash requirements that arise in the ordinary course of business. We maintain the following agreements:

•

A reciprocal loan agreement with Voya Financial, Inc., an affiliate, whereby either party can borrow from the other up to 3.0% of VRIAC's statutory admitted assets as of the prior December 31. As of September 30, 2018, we did not have an outstanding receivable/payable from/to Voya Financial, Inc. under the reciprocal loan agreement. As of December 31, 2017, we had an outstanding receivable of $80 million and no outstanding payable. We and Voya Financial, Inc. continue to maintain the reciprocal loan agreement and future borrowings by either party will be subject to the reciprocal loan terms summarized above. Effective January 2014, interest on any borrowing by either the Company or Voya Financial, Inc. is charged at a rate based on the prevailing market rate for similar third-party borrowings or securities.

•

We hold approximately 51.8% of our assets in marketable securities. These assets include cash, U.S. Treasuries, Agencies, Corporate Bonds, ABS, CMBS and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMO") and Equity securities. In the event of a temporary liquidity need, cash may be raised by entering into repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and/or security lending agreements by temporarily lending securities and receiving cash collateral. Under our Liquidity Plan, up to 12% of our general account statutory admitted assets may be allocated to repurchase, securities lending and dollar roll programs. At the time a temporary cash need arises, the actual percentage of admitted assets available for repurchase transactions will depend upon outstanding allocations to the three programs. As of September 30, 2018, VRIAC had securities lending collateral assets of $751 million, which represents approximately 0.7% of its general account statutory admitted assets. As of December 31, 2017, VRIAC had securities lending collateral assets of $733 million, which represents approximately 0.7% of its general account statutory admitted assets.

Management believes that our sources of liquidity are adequate to meet our short-term cash obligations.



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Capital Contributions and Dividends

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, VRIAC did not receive any capital contributions from its Parent.

On May 3, 2018, VRIAC declared an ordinary dividend in the amount of $126 million, which was paid to its parent on May 25, 2018. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, VRIAC paid an ordinary dividend in the amount of $261 million to its Parent.

On March 28, 2018, VFP paid a $20 million dividend to VRIAC, its parent, on June 28, 2018, VFP paid a $20 million dividend to VRIAC and on September 26, 2018, VFP paid a $20 million dividend to VRIAC. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, VFP paid dividends of $60 million to VRIAC.

On May 25, 2018, DSL, which was a subsidiary of VRIAC at the time, paid a $49 million dividend to its then parent, VRIAC.

Ratings

Our access to funding and our related cost of borrowing, requirements for derivatives collateral posting and the attractiveness of certain of our products to customers are affected by our credit ratings and insurance financial strength ratings, which are periodically reviewed by the rating agencies. Financial strength ratings and credit ratings are important factors affecting public confidence in an insurer and its competitive position in marketing products. The credit ratings are also important for the ability to raise capital through the issuance of debt and for the cost of such financing.

A downgrade in our credit or financial strength ratings or the credit or financial strength ratings of our Parent or rated affiliates could potentially, among other things, limit our ability to market products, reduce our competitiveness, increase the number or value of policy surrenders and withdrawals, increase our borrowing costs and potentially make it more difficult to borrow funds, adversely affect the availability of financial guarantees or Letters of Credit ("LOCs"), cause additional collateral requirements or other required payments under certain agreements, allow counterparties to terminate derivative agreements and/or impair our relationships with creditors, distributors or trading counterparties thereby potentially negatively affecting our profitability, liquidity and/or capital. In addition, we consider nonperformance risk in determining the fair value of our liabilities. Therefore, changes in our credit or financial strength ratings or the credit or financial strength ratings of our Parent or rated affiliates may affect the fair value of our liabilities.

Financial strength ratings represent the opinions of rating agencies regarding the financial ability of an insurance company to meet its obligations under an insurance policy. Credit ratings represent the opinions of rating agencies regarding an entity's ability to repay its indebtedness. These ratings are not a recommendation to buy or hold any of our securities and they may be revised or revoked at any time at the sole discretion of the rating organization.



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Our financial strength and credit ratings as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are summarized in the following table. In parentheses, following the initial occurrence in the table of each rating, is an indication of that rating's relative rank within the agency's rating categories. That ranking refers only to the generic or major rating category and not to the modifiers appended to the rating by the rating agencies to denote relative position within such generic or major category. For each rating, the relative position of the rating within the relevant rating agency's ratings scale is presented, with "1" representing the highest rating in the scale.



Company	A.M. Best	Fitch	Moody's	S&P
Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company
Financial Strength Rating	A (3 of 16)	A (3 of 9)	A2 (3 of 9)	A (3 of 9)



Rating Agency		Financial Strength Rating Scale
A.M. Best⁽¹⁾		"A++" to "S"
Fitch⁽²⁾		"AAA" to "C"
Moody's⁽³⁾		"Aaa" to "C"
S&P⁽⁴⁾		"AAA" to "R"

⁽¹⁾ A.M. Best's financial strength rating is an independent opinion of an insurer's financial strength and ability to meet its ongoing insurance policy and contract obligations. It is based on a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation of a company's balance sheet strength, operating performance and business profile.

⁽²⁾ Fitch's financial strength ratings provide an assessment of the financial strength of an insurance organization. The National Insurer Financial Strength ("IFS") Rating is assigned to the insurance company's policyholder obligations, including assumed reinsurance obligations and contract holder obligations, such as guaranteed investment contracts.

⁽³⁾ Moody's financial strength ratings are opinions of the ability of insurance companies to repay punctually senior policyholder claims and obligations. Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

⁽⁴⁾ S&P's insurer financial strength rating is a forward-looking opinion about the financial security characteristics of an insurance organization with respect to its ability to pay under its insurance policies and contracts in accordance with their terms. A "+" or "-" indicates relative strength within a category.

Our ratings by A.M. Best Company, Inc. ("A.M. Best"), Fitch, Moody's and S&P reflect a broader view of how the financial services industry is being challenged by the current economic environment, but also are based on the rating agencies' specific views of our financial strength. In making their ratings decisions, the agencies consider past and expected future capital and earnings, asset quality and risk, profitability and risk of existing liabilities and current products, market share and product distribution capabilities and direct or implied support from parent companies.

Rating agencies use an "outlook" statement for both industry sectors and individual companies. For an industry sector, a stable outlook generally implies that over the next 12 to 18 months the rating agency expects ratings to remain unchanged among companies in the sector. For a particular company, an outlook generally indicates a medium- or long-term trend in credit fundamentals, which if continued, may lead to a rating change.

Ratings actions affirmation or outlook changes by S&P, Fitch, Moody’s or A.M. Best from December 31, 2017 through September 30, 2018 and subsequently through the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are as follows:


•	On June 4, 2018, A.M. Best removed the financial strength rating of VRIAC from under review with developing implications and instead, affirmed the financial strength rating with a stable outlook.


•	On July 25, 2018, S&P affirmed the financial strength rating of VRIAC and maintained a positive outlook on the rating.


•	On July 31, 2018, Fitch affirmed the financial strength rating of VRIAC with a stable outlook.

Reinsurance

Effective January 1, 2018, we recaptured our coinsurance agreement with Langhorne I, LLC ("Langhorne") to manage the reserve and capital requirements in connection with a portion of our Stabilizer and Managed Custody Guarantee, which resulted in us recording a $74 million pre-tax gain on recapture of reinsured business that was reported in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.



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Derivatives

Our use of derivatives is limited mainly to economic hedging to reduce our exposure to cash flow variability of assets and liabilities, interest rate risk, credit risk, exchange rate risk and market risk. It is our policy not to offset amounts recognized for derivative instruments and amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral arising from derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement.

We enter into interest rate, equity market, credit default and currency contracts, including swaps, futures, forwards, caps, floors and options, to reduce and manage various risks associated with changes in value, yield, price, cash flow, or exchange rates of assets or liabilities held or intended to be held, or to assume or reduce credit exposure associated with a referenced asset, index, or pool. We also utilize options and futures on equity indices to reduce and manage risks associated with our annuity products. Derivative contracts are reported as Derivatives assets or liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in Net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We also have investments in certain fixed maturities and have issued certain annuity products that contain embedded derivatives for which fair value is at least partially determined by levels of or changes in domestic and/or foreign interest rates (short-term or long-term), exchange rates, prepayment rates, equity markets, or credit ratings/spreads. Embedded derivatives within fixed maturities are included with the host contract on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and changes in fair value of the embedded derivatives are recorded in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Embedded derivatives within certain annuity products are included in Future policy benefits and contract owner account balances on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and changes in the fair value of the embedded derivatives are recorded in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

In addition, we have entered into a reinsurance agreement, accounted for under the deposit method, that contains an embedded derivative, the fair value of which is based on the change in the fair value of the underlying assets held in trust. The embedded derivatives within the reinsurance agreements are reported in Other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative are recorded in Interest credited and other benefit to contract owners/policyholders in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has obligations for the return of non-cash collateral under a recent amendment to our securities lending program. Non-cash collateral received in connection with the securities lending program may not be sold or re-pledged by our lending agent, except in the event of default, and is not reflected on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For information regarding obligations under this new program, see the Investments Note in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

For changes in commitments related to the acquisition of mortgage loans and the purchase of limited partnerships and private placement investments, see the Commitments and Contingencies Note in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Other than the above, there have been no material changes to our off-balance sheet arrangements since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's current disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that material information relating to the Company required to be disclosed in the Company's periodic SEC filings is made known to them in a timely manner.



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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes to the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.



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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See the Commitments and Contingencies Note in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I., Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

For a discussion of the Company's potential risks or uncertainties, please see "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A. in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the "Annual Report on Form 10-K") filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, please see "Management’s Narrative Analysis of the Results of Operations and Financial Condition" herein and in the Quarterly Report herein.

Our financial results are affected by actuarial assumptions that may not be accurate and that may change in the future.

Our financial results are subject to risks around actuarial assumptions, including economic assumptions, as well as those related mortality and the future behavior of policyholders, such as lapse rates and future claims payment patterns. These assumptions, which we use to determine our liabilities for future policy benefits, may not reflect future experience. Changes to these actuarial assumptions in the future could require increases to our reserves or result in decreases in the carrying value of DAC and VOBA, in each case in amounts that could be material. Any adverse changes to reserves or DAC and VOBA balances could be material and adverse to the results of operations or financial condition of the Company. We generally update these actuarial assumptions in the third quarter of each year. For the results of our 2018 third quarter actuarial assumptions update and for additional information, see the "Critical Accounting Judgments and Estimates section - Assumption and Periodic Review" section of Part I, Item 2. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and "Risk Factors - Differences between actual claims experience and reserving assumptions may adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition" and "Risk Factors - We may face significant losses if mortality rates, morbidity rates, persistency rates or other underwriting assumptions differ significantly from our pricing expectations" of Part I, Item 1A. of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Item 6. Exhibits

See Exhibit Index on page 86 hereof.



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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



November 14, 2018			Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company
(Date)			(Registrant)

	By:	/s/	Francis G. O'Neill
			Francis G. O'Neill
			Senior Vice President and
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)



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Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company ("VRIAC")



Exhibit Index
Exhibit Number		Description of Exhibit
31.1+		Certificate of Francis G. O'Neill pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2+		Certificate of Charles P. Nelson pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1+		Certificate of Francis G. O'Neill pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2+		Certificate of Charles P. Nelson pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS+		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH+		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL+		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF+		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB+		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE+		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

+Filed herewith.



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VOYA RETIREMENT INSURANCE & ANNUITY Co - FORM 10-Q - November 14, 2018

Attached files

VOYA RETIREMENT INSURANCE & ANNUITY Co Reports