U.S. CONCRETE, INC. - FORM 10-Q

Attached files

file	filename
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 10-Q 3Q18 - U.S. CONCRETE, INC.	ex31210-qq3x18.htm
EX-95.1 - EXHIBIT 95.1 3Q18 - U.S. CONCRETE, INC.	exhibit951q3-18.htm
EX-32.2 - EXHIBIT 32.2 10-Q 3Q18 - U.S. CONCRETE, INC.	ex32210-qq3x18.htm
EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 10-Q 3Q18 - U.S. CONCRETE, INC.	ex32110-qq3x18.htm
EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 10-Q 3Q18 - U.S. CONCRETE, INC.	ex31110-qq3x18.htm

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2018

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________.

Commission File Number: 001-34530

U.S. CONCRETE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		76-0586680
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

331 N. Main Street, Euless, Texas 76039

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(817) 835-4105

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer þ	Accelerated filer ¨	Non-accelerated filer ¨	Smaller reporting company ¨	Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No þ

There were 16,820,361 shares of common stock, par value $.001 per share, of the registrant outstanding as of October 29, 2018.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC.

INDEX



		Page No.
Part I – Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Total Equity	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
	1. Basis of Presentation	6
	2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Significant Accounting Policies	6
	3. Revenue	7
	4. Business Combinations	8
	5. Inventories	13
	6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	13
	7. Debt	15
	8. Fair Value Disclosures	16
	9. Income Taxes	18
	10. Net Earnings (Loss) Per Share	19
	11. Divestitures	20
	12. Commitments and Contingencies	20
	13. Segment Information	23
	14. Supplemental Condensed Consolidating Financial Information	26
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	35
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	49
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	49

Part II – Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	50
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	50
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	51
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	51
Item 6.	Exhibits	52

Signature		53

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands)



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	25,182		$	22,581
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances of $5,573 as of September 30, 2018 and $5,785 as of December 31, 2017	255,101			214,221
Inventories	49,597			48,085
Prepaid expenses	9,521			5,297
Other receivables	17,708			19,191
Other current assets	3,362			2,310
Total current assets	360,471			311,685
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of $221,630 as of September 30, 2018 and $178,168 as of December 31, 2017	681,061			636,268
Goodwill	238,399			204,731
Intangible assets, net	123,769			118,123
Other assets	7,322			5,327
Total assets	$	1,411,022		$	1,276,134
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	137,313		$	117,070
Accrued liabilities	114,394			65,420
Current maturities of long-term debt	29,795			25,951
Total current liabilities	281,502			208,441
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	700,718			667,385
Other long-term obligations and deferred credits	58,284			93,341
Deferred income taxes	33,990			4,825
Total liabilities	1,074,494			973,992
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Equity:
Preferred stock	—			—
Common stock	18			18
Additional paid-in capital	327,202			319,016
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)	14,225			(13,784		)
Treasury stock, at cost	(26,675		)	(24,799		)
Total shareholders' equity	314,770			280,451
Non-controlling interest	21,758			21,691
Total equity	336,528			302,142
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,411,022		$	1,276,134

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenue	$	404,267		$	354,628		$	1,136,254		$	994,687
Cost of goods sold before depreciation, depletion and amortization	325,268			278,995			912,738			778,328
Selling, general and administrative expenses	32,220			30,056			96,371			86,073
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	25,473			16,593			68,190			48,802
Change in value of contingent consideration	395			719			(863		)	2,047
Impairment of assets	—			648			1,299			648
Gain on sale of business and assets, net	(14,081		)	(106		)	(14,642		)	(496		)
Operating income	34,992			27,723			73,161			79,285
Interest expense, net	11,741			10,552			34,564			31,062
Derivative loss (income)	—			(13,119		)	—			791
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—			60			—			60
Other income, net	(1,103		)	(1,287		)	(4,163		)	(2,591		)
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	24,354			31,517			42,760			49,963
Income tax expense	8,575			7,241			14,519			20,854
Income from continuing operations	15,779			24,276			28,241			29,109
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes	—			(222		)	—			(524		)
Net income	15,779			24,054			28,241			28,585
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interest	(177		)	—			(232		)	—
Net income attributable to U.S. Concrete	$	15,602		$	24,054		$	28,009		$	28,585

Basic income per share attributable to U.S. Concrete:
Income from continuing operations	$	0.95		$	1.51		$	1.70		$	1.85
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes	—			(0.01		)	—			(0.03		)
Net income per share attributable to U.S. Concrete - basic	$	0.95		$	1.50		$	1.70		$	1.82

Diluted income per share attributable to U.S. Concrete:
Income from continuing operations	$	0.94		$	1.46		$	1.70		$	1.75
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes	—			(0.01		)	—			(0.03		)
Net income per share attributable to U.S. Concrete - diluted	$	0.94		$	1.45		$	1.70		$	1.72

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	16,482			16,028			16,461			15,745
Diluted	16,524			16,651			16,522			16,633

Net income attributable to U.S. Concrete:
Income from continuing operations attributable to U.S. Concrete	$	15,602		$	24,276		$	28,009		$	29,109
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes	—			(222		)	—			(524		)
Total net income attributable to U.S. Concrete	$	15,602		$	24,054		$	28,009		$	28,585

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF TOTAL EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)



	Common Stock
	# of Shares		Par Value		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)			Treasury Stock			Total Shareholders' Equity			Non-controlling Interest			Total Equity
BALANCE, December 31, 2017	16,652		$	18	$	319,016	$	(13,784	)	$	(24,799	)	$	280,451		$	21,691		$	302,142
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		8,108		—			—			8,108			—			8,108
Restricted stock vesting	8		—		—		—			—			—			—			—
Restricted stock grants, net of cancellations	182		—		—		—			—			—			—			—
Stock options exercised	6		—		78		—			—			78			—			78
Other treasury share purchases	(29	)	—		—		—			(1,876		)	(1,876		)	—			(1,876		)
Measurement period adjustments for prior year business combinations	—		—		—		—			—			—			(125		)	(125		)
Payments to non-controlling interest													—			(40		)	(40		)
Net income	—		—		—		28,009			—			28,009			232			28,241
BALANCE, September 30, 2018	16,819		$	18	$	327,202	$	14,225		$	(26,675	)	$	314,770		$	21,758		$	336,528

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	28,241		$	28,585
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	68,190			48,802
Amortization of debt issuance costs	1,355			1,515
Amortization of discount on long-term incentive plan and other accrued interest	406			530
Amortization of premium on long-term debt	(1,163		)	(1,163		)
Derivative loss	—			791
Change in value of contingent consideration	(863		)	2,047
Net gain on disposal of business and assets	(14,642		)	(496		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—			60
Impairment of assets	1,299			648
Deferred income taxes	10,113			6,863
Provision for doubtful accounts and customer disputes	3,422			3,518
Stock-based compensation	8,108			6,523
Unrealized foreign exchange gain	(61		)	—
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding effects of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	(44,419		)	(30,076		)
Inventories	(153		)	(2,946		)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(4,801		)	1,565
Other assets and liabilities	(1,582		)	201
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	36,766			17,279
Net cash provided by operating activities	90,216			84,246
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(32,206		)	(33,984		)
Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(72,326		)	(56,796		)
Advance for note receivable	—			(8,063		)
Proceeds from disposals of businesses and property, plant and equipment	18,603			2,308
Purchases of environmental credits	(2,836		)	—
Insurance proceeds from property loss claims	2,154			—
Net cash used in investing activities	(86,611		)	(96,535		)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from revolver borrowings	338,213			—
Repayments of revolver borrowings	(310,713		)	—
Proceeds from issuance of debt	—			211,500
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants	78			2,695
Payments of other long-term obligations	(5,648		)	(7,722		)
Payments for other financing	(21,212		)	(14,317		)
Debt issuance costs	—			(4,332		)
Other treasury share purchases	(1,876		)	(3,046		)
Payments to non-controlling interest	(249		)	—
Other proceeds	464			—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(943		)	184,778
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(61		)	—
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	2,601			172,489
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD	22,581			75,774
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD	$	25,182		$	248,263

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Net cash paid for interest	$	24,515	$	20,870
Net cash paid for income taxes	$	2,896	$	17,377

Supplemental Disclosure of Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Capital expenditures funded by capital leases and promissory notes	$	30,716	$	45,517
Acquisitions funded by contingent consideration	$	1,143	$	20,620

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


1.	BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of U.S. Concrete, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, "we," "us," "our," the "Company," or "U.S. Concrete") and have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") for reporting interim financial information. Some information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the SEC’s rules and regulations. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the "2017 Form 10-K"). In the opinion of our management, all material adjustments necessary to state fairly the information in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. All adjustments are of a normal or recurring nature. All amounts are presented in United States dollars, unless otherwise noted. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

The preparation of financial statements and accompanying notes in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions by management in determining the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates and assumptions that we consider significant in the preparation of our financial statements include those related to our allowance for doubtful accounts, business combinations, goodwill, intangible assets, valuation of contingent consideration, accruals for self-insurance programs, income taxes, the valuation of inventory and the valuation and useful lives of property, plant and equipment.

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period balances to conform with the current year presentation.


2.	RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Standards/Updates Adopted This Year

Revenue Recognition. In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance that outlines a single comprehensive model for accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers, which supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services and also requires certain additional disclosures. We adopted this guidance and related amendments as of January 1, 2018, applying the modified retrospective transition approach to all contracts. Adoption of the new guidance did not result in changes in the amount of revenue recognized or the timing of when such revenue is recognized.

Clarification of the Definition of a Business in Business Combinations. In January 2017, the FASB issued an update under business combinations in an effort to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or as business combinations. The amendments in this update provide a screen to determine when a set of assets is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further evaluated. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. In August 2016, the FASB issued guidance to reduce diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. Adoption of this standard did not result in any material changes to our statements of cash flows.

Restricted Cash in the Statement of Cash Flows. In November 2016, the FASB issued guidance to reduce diversity in the presentation of restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. The standard has certain disclosure requirements related to restricted cash and requires that restricted cash be included with cash balances in the statement of cash flows. Adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our statement of cash flows.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Standards/Updates Not Yet Adopted

Lease Accounting. In February 2016, the FASB issued a new lease accounting standard intended to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by reorganizing lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, measured on a discounted basis, at the commencement date for all leases with terms greater than twelve months. Additionally, this guidance will require disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases, including qualitative and quantitative requirements. We expect to adopt the guidance using the transition approach that permits application of the new standard at the adoption date instead of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. We are currently finalizing our lease portfolio analysis to determine the impact to our consolidated financial statements. To facilitate our adoption beginning in the first quarter of 2019, we are implementing processes and information technology tools to assist in our ongoing lease data collection and analysis and updating our accounting policies and internal controls that will be impacted by the new guidance.

Fair Value Measurement Disclosures. In August 2018, the FASB issued a new Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") to eliminate or modify certain of the disclosures related to fair value measurement while adding new disclosures. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted, including in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Early adoption is permitted for the eliminated or modified disclosure requirements and the adoption of all the new disclosure requirements may be delayed until their effective date. The ASU requires prospective application to the new requirements and any modification to disclosures made because of the change to the requirements for the narrative description of measurement of uncertainty. The effects of all other amendments must be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. We are still evaluating this ASU, but since it is focused on disclosures, we do not expect that its adoption will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Customer's Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement. In August 2018, the FASB issued a new ASU to address the accounting for costs of implementation activities performed in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract. The amendments in this ASU align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with those for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by this ASU. Under this ASU, costs for implementation activities in the application development stage are capitalized depending on the nature of the costs, while costs incurred during the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are expensed as the activities are performed. The ASU also requires that the capitalized implementation costs be expensed over the term of the hosting arrangement, while subjecting the capitalized costs to the guidance for impairment of long-lived assets. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The ASU may be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. We are currently evaluating this ASU, but we do not expect that its adoption will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

For a description of our significant accounting policies, see Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements in our 2017 Form 10-K.

3. REVENUE

We derive substantially all of our revenue from the production and delivery of ready-mixed concrete, aggregates and related building materials. Revenue from the sale of these products is recognized when control passes to the customer, which generally occurs at the point in time when products are delivered. We do not deliver product unless we have an order or other documentation authorizing delivery to our customers. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods. Sales and other taxes we collect concurrently with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Incidental items, such as mix formulation and testing services that are immaterial in the context of the revenue contract and completed in close proximity to the revenue-producing activities, are recorded within cost of goods sold as incurred. We generally do not provide post-delivery services, such as paving or finishing. Customer dispute costs are recorded as a reduction of revenue at the end of each period and are estimated by using a combination of historical customer experience and a customer-by-customer analysis.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Amounts billed to customers for delivery costs are classified as a component of total revenue. Our payment terms vary by the type and location of our customer and the products offered. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. As permitted under U.S. GAAP, we have elected not to assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods to the customer will be one year or less.

See Note 13 for disaggregation of revenue by segment and product as we believe that best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

We do not have any customer contracts that meet the definition of unsatisfied performance obligations in accordance with U.S. GAAP.


4.	BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

The accounting for business combinations requires the significant use of estimates and is based on information that was available to management at the time these condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared. The estimates used for determining the fair value of certain liabilities related to acquisitions are considered Level 3 inputs (as defined in Note 8). We utilized recognized valuation techniques, including the income approach, sales approach, and cost approach to value the net assets acquired. See Note 8 for additional information related to contingent consideration obligations, including maximum payout amounts and how the fair value was estimated. Any changes to the provisional business combination accounting will be made as soon as practical, but no later than one year from the respective acquisition dates.

2018 Acquisitions

We completed five acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 that expanded our ready-mixed concrete operations in the Atlantic Region (which we define to include New York, New Jersey, Washington, D.C. and Pennsylvania), and expanded our ready-mixed concrete and aggregate products operations in West Texas. The aggregate fair value consideration for these acquisitions, which were all accounted for as business combinations, was $71.0 million. The acquisitions included the assets and certain liabilities of the following:


•	On Time Ready Mix, Inc. ("On Time") located in Flushing, New York on January 10, 2018;


•	Cutrell Trucking, LLC., Dumas Concrete, LLC., Pampa Concrete Co., Inc., Panhandle Concrete, LLC., and Texas Sand & Gravel Co., Inc. (collectively "Golden Spread") located in Amarillo, Texas on March 2, 2018;


•	Leon River Aggregate Materials, LLC. ("Leon River") located in Proctor, Texas on August 29, 2018; and


•	Two individually immaterial ready-mixed concrete operations in our Atlantic Region and West Texas Region on March 5, 2018 and September 14, 2018, respectively.

The aggregate fair value consideration for these five acquisitions included $69.9 million in cash and fair value contingent consideration of $1.1 million. We funded the cash portion of the 2018 acquisitions through a combination of cash on hand and borrowings under our Revolving Facility (as defined in Note 7). The combined assets acquired through these 2018 acquisitions included 149 mixer trucks, 20 concrete plant facilities and 2 aggregate facilities. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we incurred approximately $0.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of transaction costs to effect the 2018 acquisitions, which are included in selling and general administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Our accounting for the 2018 business combinations is preliminary. We expect to record adjustments as we accumulate information needed to estimate the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including working capital balances, estimated fair value of identifiable intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, total consideration and goodwill. See Note 6 for a description of our measurement period adjustments.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table presents the total consideration for the 2018 acquisitions and the preliminary amounts related to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the estimated fair values as of the respective acquisition dates (in thousands):



	2018 Acquisitions
Inventory	$	1,406
Other current assets	77
Property, plant and equipment	36,576
Definite-lived intangible assets	20,615
Total assets acquired	58,674
Current liabilities	50
Other long-term liabilities	153
Total liabilities assumed	203
Goodwill	12,581
Total consideration (fair value) ⁽¹⁾	$	71,052

(1) Included $1.1 million of contingent consideration.

2017 Acquisitions

We completed eight acquisitions during 2017 that expanded our ready-mixed concrete and aggregate products operations in our Atlantic Region, expanded our ready-mixed concrete operations in Northern California and facilitated vertical integration on the West Coast. The aggregate fair value consideration for these acquisitions, which were all accounted for as business combinations, was $327.9 million. The acquisitions included the assets and certain liabilities of the following:


•	Corbett Aggregate Companies, LLC. ("Corbett") located in Quinton, New Jersey on April 7, 2017;


•	Harbor Ready-Mix ("Harbor") located in Redwood City, California on September 29, 2017;


•	A-1 Materials, Inc. ("A-1”) and L.C. Frey Company, Inc. ("Frey") (collectively “A-1/Frey”) located in San Carlos, California on September 29, 2017;


•	Action Supply Co., Inc. ("Action Supply") located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on September 29, 2017;


•	Polaris Materials Corporation ("Polaris") located in British Columbia, Canada on November 17, 2017; and


•	Three individually immaterial acquisitions in December 2017 consisting of two ready-mixed concrete operations and a software company.

The aggregate fair value consideration for these eight acquisitions included $298.4 million in cash, $5.5 million in payments deferred over a four-year period, and fair value contingent consideration of $24.0 million. The combined assets acquired through these 2017 acquisitions included 409 acres of land, two aggregate facilities with approximately 130 million tons of proven aggregates reserves, 51 mixer trucks, seven concrete plant facilities and four aggregates distribution terminals. We funded the cash portion of the acquisitions through a combination of cash on hand and borrowings under our Revolving Facility. Prior to the completion of the Polaris acquisition, we received two promissory notes from Polaris aggregating $18.1 million Canadian dollars, which were reclassified as intercompany loans upon completion of the acquisition and have been eliminated from our consolidated balance sheet. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we incurred $1.1 million and $1.8 million of transaction costs, respectively, to effect the 2017 acquisitions, which are included in selling and general administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Our accounting for the 2017 business combinations is final except for the Polaris acquisition and one of the individually immaterial acquisitions. We expect to record adjustments as we accumulate information needed to finalize the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including other long-term liabilities, fair value of property, plant and equipment, tax-related balances and goodwill. See Note 6 for a description of our measurement period adjustments.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table presents the total consideration for the 2017 acquisitions and the preliminary amounts related to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the estimated fair values as of the respective acquisition dates (in thousands):



	Polaris		2017 Acquisitions (Excluding Polaris)
Cash	$	20,678	$	—
Accounts receivable⁽¹⁾	4,561		1,110
Inventory	6,022		695
Other current assets	1,522		48
Property, plant and equipment	199,316		63,221
Other long-term assets	896		—
Definite-lived intangible assets	—		8,331
Total assets acquired	232,995		73,405
Current liabilities⁽²⁾	29,317		1,081
Long-term deferred income tax liability	20,207		—
Other long-term liabilities	2,999		62
Total liabilities assumed	52,523		1,143
Non-controlling interest	21,442		—
Goodwill	83,738		12,837
Total consideration (fair value)⁽³⁾	$	242,768	$	85,099


(1)	Except for Polaris, the aggregate fair value of the 2017 acquisitions' acquired accounts receivable approximated the aggregate gross contractual amount. The fair value of Polaris's acquired accounts receivable was $4.6 million, which represented an aggregate gross contractual amount of $4.9 million, less estimated amounts not expected to be collected.


(2)	Current liabilities for Polaris included $14.2 million payable to the Company, which was eliminated in consolidation.


(3)	Included $29.5 million of deferred and contingent consideration for acquisitions other than Polaris.

Acquired Intangible Assets and Goodwill

A summary of the intangible assets acquired in 2018 and 2017 and their estimated useful lives is as follows (in thousands):



	Weighted Average Amortization Period (In Years)	Fair Value At Acquisition Date
Customer relationships	6.7	$	27,050
Non-compete agreements	5.0	1,512
Favorable contract	3.7	384
Total		$	28,946

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of September 30, 2018, the estimated future aggregate amortization expense of definite-lived intangible assets from the 2018 and 2017 acquisitions was as follows (in thousands):




2018 (remainder of the year)	$	1,248
2019	4,991
2020	4,974
2021	4,038
2022	3,834
Thereafter	6,819
Total	$	25,904

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded $1.4 million and $2.8 million of amortization expense, respectively, related to these intangible assets. We recorded less than $0.1 million of amortization expense related to these intangible assets during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. We recorded additional amortization expense of $0.2 million and $0.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, for measurement period adjustments related to these intangible assets.

The goodwill ascribed to our acquisitions is related to the synergies we expect to achieve with expansion in the markets in which we already operate as well as entry into new metropolitan areas of our existing geographic markets. The goodwill relates to our ready-mixed concrete, aggregate products and other non-reportable segments. See Note 6 for the allocation of goodwill to our segments. We generally expect $25.4 million of goodwill from the 2017 and 2018 acquisitions to be deductible for tax purposes. See Note 9 for additional information regarding income taxes.

Actual Impact of Acquisitions

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded approximately $46.2 million of revenue and $2.4 million of operating loss in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, including the impact of depreciation, depletion and amortization as well as certain measurement period adjustments (see Note 6) related to the 2017 and 2018 acquisitions following their respective dates of acquisition. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded approximately $123.4 million of revenue and $3.7 million of operating income in our condensed consolidated statements of operations related to the 2017 and 2018 acquisitions following their respective dates of acquisition.

During the three months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded approximately $0.5 million of revenue and $0.5 million of operating loss in our condensed consolidated statements of operations related to the 2017 acquisitions following their respective dates of acquisition. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded approximately $1.0 million of revenue and $0.1 million of operating income in our condensed consolidated statements of operations related to the 2017 acquisitions following their respective dates of acquisition.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Unaudited Pro Forma Impact of Acquisitions

The information presented below reflects the unaudited pro forma combined financial results for the 2017 and 2018 acquisitions, excluding the individually immaterial acquisitions as described above, as historical financial results for these operations were not material and were impractical to obtain from the former owners. All other acquisitions have been included and represent our estimate of the results of operations as if the 2018 acquisitions had been completed on January 1, 2017 and the 2017 acquisitions had been completed on January 1, 2016 (in thousands, except per share information):



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Revenue from continuing operations	$	404,877	$	398,597	$	1,153,093	$	1,120,082
Net income attributable to U.S. Concrete	$	15,441	$	24,494	$	28,309	$	29,368

Net income per share attributable to U.S. Concrete - basic	$	0.94	$	1.53	$	1.72	$	1.87
Net income per share attributable to U.S. Concrete - diluted	$	0.93	$	1.47	$	1.71	$	1.77

The above pro forma results are unaudited and were prepared based on the historical U.S. GAAP results of the Company and the historical results of the acquired companies for which financial information was available, based on data provided by the former owners. These results are not necessarily indicative of what the Company's actual results would have been had the 2018 acquisitions occurred on January 1, 2017, and the 2017 acquisitions occurred on January 1, 2016.

The unaudited pro forma net income attributable to U.S. Concrete and per share amounts above reflect the following adjustments (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017			2018			2017
Increase in intangible amortization expense	$	131	$	(1,149	)	$	(912	)	$	(3,472	)
Decrease (increase) in depreciation expense	—		1,018			—			(3,482		)
Exclusion of buyer transaction costs	47		1,230			899			1,874
Exclusion of seller transaction costs	—		6,447			—			9,671
Increase in expenses related to conversions from IFRS⁽¹⁾ to U.S. GAAP	—		(93		)	—			(206		)
Decrease (increase) in income tax expense	31		490			(117		)	(400		)
Increase in non-controlling loss	—		(32		)	—			(312		)


(1)	IFRS is defined as International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

The unaudited pro forma results do not reflect any operational efficiencies or potential cost savings that may occur as a result of consolidation of the operations.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


5.	INVENTORIES

Inventories were as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Raw materials	$	43,958	$	44,238
Building materials for resale	2,647		2,192
Other	2,992		1,655
Total inventories	$	49,597	$	48,085

6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

The changes in goodwill by reportable segment from December 31, 2017 to September 30, 2018 were as follows (in thousands):



	Ready-Mixed Concrete Segment			Aggregate Products Segment			Other Non-Reportable Segments			Total
Goodwill, gross at December 31, 2017	$	139,834		$	57,438		$	13,212		$	210,484
2018 acquisitions ⁽¹⁾	11,722			—			859			12,581
Measurement period adjustments for prior year business combinations ⁽²⁾	(341		)	29,970			(8,542		)	21,087
Goodwill, gross at September 30, 2018	151,215			87,408			5,529			244,152
Accumulated impairment at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2018	(4,414		)	(1,339		)	—			(5,753		)
Goodwill, net at September 30, 2018	$	146,801		$	86,069		$	5,529		$	238,399


(1)	During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded significant measurement period adjustments for the 2018 acquisitions of $5.3 million related to additional definite-lived intangible assets.

(2)

Adjustments for the 2017 acquisitions recorded during 2018 included $20.7 million of additional long-term obligations, of which $20.2 million related to deferred taxes attributable to fair value adjustments on Polaris's fixed assets as of the acquisition date; $2.9 million of assumed liabilities; $0.7 million of lower working capital; $2.7 million of additional property, plant, and equipment; $0.3 million of additional definite-lived intangible assets; and other various changes. The measurement period adjustments for the 2017 acquisitions also included a $9.6 million reclassification of goodwill between the aggregate products segment and other non-reportable segments. We re-characterized the results of our Polaris distribution operations, which include shipping and terminal operations, to the aggregate products segment from other non-reportable segments. This change was made to better reflect how the Polaris business is viewed and operated by management and more closely aligns our reporting with how we manage and report our other aggregate products operations.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Other Intangible Assets

Our purchased intangible assets were as follows (in thousands):



	As of September 30, 2018
	Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Weighted Average Remaining Life (In Years)
Definite-lived intangible assets
Customer relationships	$	109,343	$	(39,215	)	$	70,128	5.2
Trade names	44,456		(10,422		)	34,034		19.7
Non-competes	18,387		(11,159		)	7,228		2.8
Leasehold interests	12,480		(4,642		)	7,838		6.1
Favorable contracts	4,034		(3,807		)	227		2.2
Environmental credits	2,836		—			2,836		17.3
Total definite-lived intangible assets	191,536		(69,245		)	122,291		9.4
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Land rights⁽¹⁾	1,478		—			1,478
Total purchased intangible assets	$	193,014	$	(69,245	)	$	123,769


(1)	Land rights acquired in a prior year acquisition will be reclassified to property, plant, and equipment upon the division of certain shared properties and settlement of the associated deferred payment.



	As of December 31, 2017
	Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Weighted Average Remaining Life (In Years)
Definite-lived intangible assets
Customer relationships	$	89,933	$	(28,092	)	$	61,841	5.5
Trade names	44,456		(8,120		)	36,336		19.9
Non-competes	16,875		(8,510		)	8,365		2.9
Leasehold interests	12,480		(3,378		)	9,102		6.7
Favorable contracts	4,034		(3,033		)	1,001		1.3
Total definite-lived intangible assets	167,778		(51,133		)	116,645		9.8
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Land rights⁽¹⁾	1,478		—			1,478
Total purchased intangible assets	$	169,256	$	(51,133	)	$	118,123


(1)	Land rights acquired in a prior year acquisition will be reclassified to property, plant, and equipment upon the division of certain shared properties and settlement of the associated deferred payment.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of September 30, 2018, the estimated remaining amortization of our definite-lived intangible assets was as follows (in thousands):




2018 (remainder of the year)	$	6,088
2019	23,457
2020	21,248
2021	18,890
2022	12,990
Thereafter	39,618
Total	$	122,291

Also included in other non-current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets are unfavorable lease intangibles with a gross carrying amount of $1.5 million as of both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and a net carrying amount of $0.8 million and $1.0 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. These unfavorable lease intangibles had a weighted average remaining life of 4.4 years as of September 30, 2018.

We recorded $6.4 million and $5.1 million of amortization expense on our definite-lived intangible assets and unfavorable lease intangibles for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We recorded $17.9 million and $15.4 million of amortization expense on our definite-lived intangible assets and unfavorable lease intangibles for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.


7.	DEBT

Our debt and capital leases were as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
6.375% senior unsecured notes due 2024 and unamortized premium⁽¹⁾	$	608,786		$	609,949
Senior secured credit facility	36,500			9,000
Capital leases	63,789			53,324
Other financing	30,906			31,886
Debt issuance costs	(9,468		)	(10,823		)
Total debt	730,513			693,336
Less: current maturities	(29,795		)	(25,951		)
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	$	700,718		$	667,385


(1)	The effective interest rate for these notes was 6.56% as of both September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Senior Secured Credit Facility

As of September 30, 2018, we had $17.5 million of undrawn standby letters of credit under our senior secured credit facility ("Revolving Facility"). The weighted average interest rate for the facility was 3.62% as of September 30, 2018.

Our actual maximum credit availability under the Revolving Facility varies from time to time and is determined by calculating the value of our eligible accounts receivable, inventory, mixer trucks and machinery, minus reserves imposed by the lenders and certain other adjustments. Our availability under the Revolving Facility at September 30, 2018 was $226.2 million. We are required, upon the occurrence of certain events, to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.0 to 1.0 for each period of 12 calendar months. As of September 30, 2018, we were in compliance with all covenants under the loan agreement that governs the Revolving Facility.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


8.	FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES

Fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. Accounting guidance also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability. The guidance establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. We review the fair value hierarchy classification on a quarterly basis. Changes in the observability of valuation inputs may result in a reclassification of levels for certain assets and liabilities within the fair value hierarchy.

The following tables present our fair value hierarchy for liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):



	September 30, 2018
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Contingent consideration, including current portion ⁽¹⁾	$	59,869	$	—	$	—	$	59,869
	$	59,869	$	—	$	—	$	59,869



	December 31, 2017
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Contingent consideration, including current portion ⁽¹⁾	$	61,817	$	—	$	—	$	61,817
	$	61,817	$	—	$	—	$	61,817


(1)	The current portion of contingent consideration is included in accrued liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The long-term portion of contingent consideration is included in other long-term obligations and deferred credits in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following tables present the valuation inputs for the fair value estimates for our three model types of acquisition-related contingent consideration arrangements. We estimate the fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration arrangements using a Monte Carlo simulation model, an income approach or a discounted cash flow technique, as appropriate. These fair value measurements are based on significant inputs not observable in the market, and thus represent Level 3 inputs.

The fair value of the contingent consideration arrangements is sensitive to changes in the forecasts of earnings and/or the relevant operating metrics and changes in discount rates. The fair value of the contingent consideration is reassessed quarterly based on assumptions used in our latest projections and input provided by practice leaders and management. Any change in the fair value estimate is recorded in our consolidated statement of operations for that period. The use of different estimates and assumptions could increase or decrease the estimated fair value of our contingent consideration liability, which would result in different impacts to our consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of operations.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



	As of September 30, 2018
Valuation Inputs	Monte Carlo Simulation		Income Approach		Discounted Cash Flow Technique
Fair value (in millions)	$	33.7	$	25.1	$	1.1
Discount rate	10.50% - 11.50%		3.70% - 5.00%		6.03% - 15.75%
Payment cap (in millions)	$	37.3	$	27.3	$	1.3
Expected payment period remaining (in years)	1-3		1-5		1-4
Management projections of the payout criteria	EBITDA/Volumes		Permitted reserves/Volumes		Volumes



	As of December 31, 2017
Valuation Inputs	Monte Carlo Simulation		Income Approach		Discounted Cash Flow Technique
Fair value (in millions)	$	37.1	$	23.6	$	1.1
Discount rate	9.75% - 11.75%		3.70% - 5.00%		6.03% - 15.75%
Payment cap (in millions)	$	39.3	$	26.0	$	1.4
Expected payment period remaining (in years)	2-4		1-5		1-5
Management projections of the payout criteria	EBITDA/Volumes		Permitted reserves/Volumes		Volumes

The following table provides a reconciliation of the changes in Level 3 fair value measurements from December 31, 2017 to September 30, 2018 (in thousands):



	Contingent Consideration
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	61,817
Acquisitions ⁽¹⁾	1,143
Change in contingent consideration valuation	(863		)
Payments of contingent consideration	(2,228		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	59,869


(1)	Represents the fair value of the contingent consideration associated with two of the 2018 acquisitions as of the acquisition date.

Our other financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and long-term debt. We consider the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable to be representative of their respective fair values because of their short-term maturities or expected settlement dates. The fair value of our 6.375% senior unsecured notes due 2024 ("2024 Notes"), which was estimated based on quoted market prices (i.e., Level 2 inputs), was $607.4 million as of September 30, 2018. The carrying value of the outstanding amounts under our Revolving Facility approximates fair value due to the floating interest rate.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


9.	INCOME TAXES

We recorded income tax expense of $8.6 million and $14.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. We recorded income tax expense allocated to continuing operations of $7.2 million and $20.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our effective tax rate of 34.0% exceeded the federal statutory rate primarily due to (i) certain subsidiaries having no income tax benefit on their operating losses due to full valuation allowances recorded, (ii) adjustments related to the tax rate change enacted as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act"), and (iii) state taxes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, our effective tax rate of 41.7% differed from the federal statutory rate primarily due to state taxes and the impact of a $0.8 million non-cash loss on our now expired warrants, which was recorded with no associated tax benefit.

We record changes in our unrecognized tax benefits based on anticipated federal and state tax filing positions on a quarterly basis. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we recorded unrecognized tax benefits of $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

The $29.2 million increase in deferred income tax liability as of September 30, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017 was primarily related to fair value adjustments on fixed assets that were made as part of the purchase accounting for Polaris, offset by the release of valuation allowances on certain of Polaris's subsidiaries' carryforward net operating losses that are more likely than not expected to be utilized, in whole or in part.

On December 22, 2017, the President signed the Tax Act into law. Shortly after the Tax Act was enacted, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”), which provides guidance on accounting for the Tax Act’s impact. This guidance provides a measurement period, which in no case should extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date. As of September 30, 2018, we recorded provisional amounts for the effects of the Tax Act for the Base Erosion Anti-abuse Tax, which is a new minimum tax, and a mechanism to tax global intangible low taxed income. These provisional amounts were immaterial to our consolidated financial statements. We will monitor future guidance set forth by the U.S. Department of Treasury with regard to the new provisions under the Tax Act, and true up provisional amounts as appropriate within the one-year measurement period allowed under SAB 118.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


10.	NET EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to U.S. Concrete by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to U.S. Concrete by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period after giving effect to all potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period.

The following is a reconciliation of the components of the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share calculations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017			2018		2017
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Income from continuing operations attributable to U.S. Concrete	$	15,602	$	24,276		$	28,009	$	29,109
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes	—		(222		)	—		(524		)
Net income attributable to U.S. Concrete	$	15,602	$	24,054		$	28,009	$	28,585

Denominator for diluted earnings per share:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	16,482		16,028			16,461		15,745
Restricted stock and restricted stock units	33		84			50		112
Warrants	—		524			—		760
Stock options	9		15			11		16
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	16,524		16,651			16,522		16,633

The following table shows the type and number (in thousands) of potentially dilutive shares excluded from the diluted earnings (loss) per share calculations for the periods presented as their effect would have been anti-dilutive or they had not met their performance target:



	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017
Potentially dilutive shares:
Unvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units	169	60	171	62
Total potentially dilutive shares	169	60	171	62

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


11.	DIVESTITURES

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we sold our Dallas/Fort Worth area lime operations, including property, plant and equipment and inventory. Also during this period, we sold the assets and liabilities associated with our Michigan property, which was part of our aggregate products segment. In connection with these divestitures, we received total net proceeds of $16.7 million and recorded a pre-tax gain of $14.6 million, which is included in gain on sale of business and assets, net, in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

As of September 30, 2018, other current assets included $2.0 million of property, plant and equipment held for sale and accrued liabilities included $1.0 million of liabilities that are expected to be assumed by the purchasers upon the closing of a pending sale of a New Jersey property in our aggregate products segment. We expect to close the sale of this property, which is near the end of its economic life and no longer fits into our operating plans, during the fourth quarter of 2018.


12.	COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, and currently, we are subject to various claims and litigation brought by employees, customers and other third-parties for, among other matters, personal injuries, property damages, product defects and delay damages that have, or allegedly have, resulted from the conduct of our operations. As a result of these types of claims and litigation, we must periodically evaluate the probability of damages being assessed against us and the range of possible outcomes. In each reporting period, if we determine that the likelihood of damages being assessed against us is probable, and if we believe we can estimate a range of possible outcomes, then we will record a liability. The amount of the liability will be based upon a specific estimate, if we believe a specific estimate to be likely, or it will reflect the low end of our range. Currently, there are no material legal proceedings pending against us.

In the future, we may receive funding deficiency demands related to multi-employer pension plans to which we contribute. We are unable to estimate the amount of any potential future funding deficiency demands because the actions of each of the contributing employers in the plans has an effect on each of the contributing employers and the development of a rehabilitation plan by the trustees and subsequent submittal to and approval by the Internal Revenue Service is not predictable. Further, the allocation of fund assets and return assumptions by trustees are variable, as are actual investment returns relative to the plan assumptions.

As of September 30, 2018, there are no material product defect claims pending against us. Accordingly, our existing accruals for claims against us do not reflect any material amounts relating to product defect claims. While our management is not aware of any facts that would reasonably be expected to lead to material product defect claims against us that would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, it is possible that claims could be asserted against us in the future. We do not maintain insurance that would cover all damages resulting from product defect claims. In particular, we generally do not maintain insurance coverage for the cost of removing and rebuilding structures. In addition, our indemnification arrangements with contractors or others, when obtained, generally provide only limited protection against product defect claims. Due to inherent uncertainties associated with estimating unasserted claims in our business, we cannot estimate the amount of any future loss that may be attributable to product defect claims related to ready-mixed concrete we have delivered prior to September 30, 2018.

We believe that the resolution of all litigation currently pending or threatened against us or any of our subsidiaries will not materially exceed our existing accruals for those matters. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of litigation, there is a risk that we may have to increase our accruals for one or more claims or proceedings to which we or any of our subsidiaries is a party as more information becomes available or proceedings progress, and any such increase in accruals could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations. We expect in the future that we and our operating subsidiaries will, from time to time, be a party to litigation or administrative proceedings that arise in the normal course of our business.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

We are subject to federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations concerning, among other matters, air emissions and wastewater discharge. Our management believes we are in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations. From time to time, we receive claims from federal and state environmental regulatory agencies and entities asserting that we may be in violation of environmental laws and regulations. Based on experience and the information currently available, our management believes we have adequately accrued for these claims. Despite compliance and experience, it is possible that we could be held liable for future charges, which might be material, but are not currently known to us or cannot be estimated by us. In addition, changes in federal or state laws, regulations or requirements, or discovery of currently unknown conditions, could require additional expenditures.

As permitted under Delaware law, we have agreements that provide indemnification of officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is or was serving at our request in such capacity. The maximum potential amount of future payments that we could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is not limited; however, we have a director and officer insurance policy that potentially limits our exposure and enables us to recover a portion of future amounts that may be paid. As a result of the insurance policy coverage, we believe the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal. Accordingly, we have not recorded any liabilities for these agreements as of September 30, 2018.

We and our subsidiaries are parties to agreements that require us to provide indemnification in certain instances when we acquire businesses and real estate and in the ordinary course of business with our customers, suppliers, lessors and service providers.

San Francisco County Matter

On April 5, 2018, the State of California filed a lawsuit against the Company in San Francisco County Superior Court alleging

violations of California environmental statutes, unfair business practices, and false advertising arising out of alleged incidents of employees spraying down mixer trucks on public streets allegedly resulting in concrete residue and waste water entering sewer and storm drain systems. The State of California sought injunctive relief, civil penalties, restitution, and costs of investigation and litigation, including damages of between $2,500 and $25,000 per alleged violation. In September 2018, the Company settled this matter for $0.2 million, and the lawsuit was dismissed.

Royalty Assessment

In 2014, Eagle Rock Materials Ltd. (“ERM”), a Polaris subsidiary, was notified by the British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations that royalties were due for 2012 and 2013, based on the tenure date, in respect of Polaris’s quarrying lease for the Eagle Rock Quarry project. In 2016, ERM was notified that further royalties were due for 2014, 2015 and 2016 (up to October) based on the tenure date, and in 2017, ERM was notified of interest charges. The total royalties and interest claimed to date are approximately CAD $3.8 million ($2.9 million). Although the Company has recorded a provision for a portion of the assessment, it continues to dispute and negotiate certain aspects of the claim, including interest charges and the timing of payment.

Eminent Domain Matter

In the third quarter of 2018, we incurred $0.6 million of expenses to dismantle and move a ready-mixed concrete plant and office to another location, because the District of Columbia exercised its power of eminent domain over the former site. The Company incurred certain additional expenditures that were capitalized for the new facilities. We have filed reimbursement claims for all of our costs, but have not recognized a receivable for such reimbursement pending approval by a third party right-of-way agent and the District of Columbia Department of Transportation.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Insurance Programs

We maintain third-party insurance coverage against certain workers' compensation, automobile and general liability risks in amounts we believe are reasonable. Under certain components of our insurance program, we share the risk of loss with our insurance underwriters by maintaining high deductibles. We fund these deductibles and record an expense for expected losses under the programs. We determine the expected losses using a combination of our historical loss experience and subjective assessments of our future loss exposure. The estimated losses are subject to uncertainty, including changes in claims reporting patterns, claims settlement patterns, judicial decisions, legislation and economic conditions. Although we believe the estimated losses we have recorded are reasonable, significant differences related to the items we have noted above could materially affect our insurance obligations and future expense. The amount recorded in accrued liabilities and other long-term obligations in our condensed consolidated balance sheets for estimated losses was $21.9 million as of September 30, 2018 and $19.2 million as of December 31, 2017.

Performance Bonds

In the normal course of business, we are contingently liable for performance under $38.5 million in performance bonds that various contractors, states and municipalities have required as of September 30, 2018. The bonds principally relate to construction contracts, reclamation obligations, licensing and permitting. We and our subsidiaries have indemnified the underwriting insurance company against any exposure under the performance bonds. No material claims have been made against these bonds as of September 30, 2018.

Employment Agreements

We have employment agreements with executive officers and certain key members of management under which severance payments would become payable in the event of specified terminations without cause or after a change of control.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


13.	SEGMENT INFORMATION

Our two reportable segments consist of ready-mixed concrete and aggregate products as described below.

Our ready-mixed concrete segment produces and sells ready-mixed concrete. This segment serves the following markets: Texas, Northern California, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Washington, D.C., Oklahoma and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Our aggregate products segment includes crushed stone, sand and gravel products and serves the markets in which our ready-mixed concrete segment operates as well as the West Coast and Hawaii. Other products not associated with a reportable segment include our aggregates distribution operations, building materials stores, hauling operations, lime slurry (until we divested it on September 5, 2018), ARIDUS^® Rapid Drying Concrete technology, brokered product sales and a recycled aggregates operation. The financial results of our acquisitions have been included in their respective reportable segment or in other products, as applicable, as of their respective acquisition dates.

Our customers are generally involved in the construction industry, which is a cyclical business and is subject to general and more localized economic conditions. In addition, our business is impacted by seasonal variations in weather conditions, which vary by regional market. Accordingly, demand for our products and services during the winter months is typically lower than in other months of the year because of inclement weather. Also, sustained periods of inclement weather and other adverse weather conditions could cause the delay of construction projects during other times of the year.

Our chief operating decision maker evaluates segment performance and allocates resources based on Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as our income from continuing operations, excluding the impact of income tax expense (benefit), depreciation, depletion and amortization, net interest expense and certain other non-cash, non-recurring and/or unusual, non-operating items including, but not limited to: non-cash stock compensation expense, non-cash change in value of contingent consideration, impairment of assets, acquisition-related costs, officer transition expenses, quarry dredge costs for specific event, hurricane-related losses, net of recoveries and derivative loss (income). Acquisition-related costs consist of fees and expenses for accountants, lawyers and other professionals incurred during the negotiation and closing of strategic acquisitions and certain acquired entities' management severance costs. Acquisition-related costs do not include fees or expenses associated with post-closing integration of strategic acquisitions. Many of the impacts excluded to derive Adjusted EBITDA are similar to those excluded in calculating our compliance with our debt covenants.

We consider Adjusted EBITDA to be an indicator of the operational strength and performance of our business. We have included Adjusted EBITDA because it is a key financial measure used by our management to (1) internally measure our operating performance and (2) assess our ability to service our debt, incur additional debt, and meet our capital expenditure requirements.

Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an alternative to, or a better indicator of, operating income or loss, is not based on U.S. GAAP, and is not a measure of our cash flows or ability to fund our cash needs. Our measurements of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies, and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used in the agreements governing our debt.

We generally account for inter-segment sales at market prices. Corporate includes executive, administrative, financial, legal, human resources, business development and risk management activities that are not allocated to reportable segments and are excluded from segment Adjusted EBITDA. Eliminations include transactions to account for intercompany activity.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2018, we re-characterized the results of our Polaris distribution operations, which include shipping and terminal operations, to the aggregate products segment from other products and eliminations. This change was made to better reflect how the Polaris business is viewed and operated by management and more closely aligns our reporting with how we manage and report our other aggregate products operations. As a result of this change, certain first quarter 2018 amounts have been reclassified from those previously reported.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following tables set forth certain financial information relating to our continuing operations by reportable segment (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenue:
Ready-mixed concrete
Sales to external customers	$	346,242		$	323,567		$	985,509		$	909,145
Aggregate products
Sales to external customers	41,146			10,972			100,937			32,305
Intersegment sales	12,383			9,987			35,267			29,244
Total aggregate products	53,529			20,959			136,204			61,549
Total reportable segment revenue	399,771			344,526			1,121,713			970,694
Other products and eliminations	4,496			10,102			14,541			23,993
Total revenue	$	404,267		$	354,628		$	1,136,254		$	994,687

Reportable Segment Adjusted EBITDA:
Ready-mixed concrete	$	47,545		$	53,627		$	140,307		$	144,777
Aggregate products	12,138			6,218			29,051			18,889
Total reportable segment Adjusted EBITDA	$	59,683		$	59,845		$	169,358		$	163,666

Reconciliation of Total Reportable Segment Adjusted EBITDA to Income From Continuing Operations:
Total reportable segment Adjusted EBITDA	$	59,683		$	59,845		$	169,358		$	163,666
Other products and eliminations from operations	16,549			3,315			21,027			9,338
Corporate overhead	(15,701		)	(14,051		)	(45,793		)	(39,757		)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization for reportable segments	(23,700		)	(15,441		)	(63,736		)	(45,586		)
Acquisition-related costs	—			—			(1,017		)	—
Impairment of assets	—			(648		)	(1,299		)	(648		)
Hurricane-related losses for reportable segments	—			(1,206		)	185			(1,206		)
Quarry dredge costs for specific event for reportable segment	(162		)	(2,175		)	(718		)	(2,175		)
Purchase accounting adjustments for inventory	—			—			(706		)	—
Eminent domain costs	(570		)	—			(570		)	—
Interest expense, net	(11,741		)	(10,552		)	(34,564		)	(31,062		)
Corporate loss on early extinguishment of debt	—			(60		)	—			(60		)
Corporate derivative income (loss)	—			13,119			—			(791		)
Change in value of contingent consideration for reportable segments	(395		)	(719		)	863			(2,047		)
Corporate, other products and eliminations other income, net	391			90			(270		)	291
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	24,354			31,517			42,760			49,963
Income tax expense	(8,575		)	(7,241		)	(14,519		)	(20,854		)
Income from continuing operations	$	15,779		$	24,276		$	28,241		$	29,109

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Capital Expenditures:
Ready-mixed concrete	$	4,266	$	5,006	$	17,732	$	17,329
Aggregate products	6,869		10,092		12,955		15,769
Other products and corporate	234		194		1,519		886
Total capital expenditures	$	11,369	$	15,292	$	32,206	$	33,984



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Revenue by Product:
Ready-mixed concrete	$	346,242	$	323,567	$	985,509	$	909,145
Aggregate products	41,146		10,972		100,937		32,305
Aggregates distribution	6,100		8,423		16,470		21,376
Building materials	7,032		7,263		20,162		18,007
Lime	1,873		2,240		7,384		7,380
Hauling	1,170		1,465		3,875		4,066
Other	704		698		1,917		2,408
Total revenue	$	404,267	$	354,628	$	1,136,254	$	994,687



	As of September 30, 2018		As of December 31, 2017
Identifiable Property, Plant and Equipment Assets:
Ready-mixed concrete	$	297,655	$	266,584
Aggregate products	354,759		342,090		⁽¹⁾
Other products and corporate	28,647		27,594		⁽¹⁾
Total identifiable assets	$	681,061	$	636,268

(1) $27.5 million was reclassified to aggregate products from other products and corporate due to the segment reporting change made during the three months ended June 30, 2018.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


14.	SUPPLEMENTAL CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Our 2024 Notes are fully and unconditionally and jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by each direct and indirect domestic subsidiary of the Company, each a guarantor subsidiary. Each guarantor subsidiary is directly or indirectly 100% owned by the Company. Neither the net book value nor the purchase price of any of our recently acquired guarantor subsidiaries were 20% or more of the aggregate principal amount of our 2024 Notes. The 2024 Notes are not guaranteed by any direct or indirect foreign subsidiaries of the Company, each a non-guarantor subsidiary. Consequently, we are required to provide condensed consolidating financial information in accordance with Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X.

The following condensed consolidating financial statements present, in separate columns, financial information for (1) the Parent on a parent only basis, (2) the guarantor subsidiaries on a combined basis, (3) the non-guarantor subsidiaries on a combined basis, (4) the eliminations and reclassifications necessary to arrive at the information for the Company on a consolidated basis, and (5) the Company on a consolidated basis.

The following condensed consolidating financial statements of U.S. Concrete, Inc. and its subsidiaries present investments in consolidated subsidiaries using the equity method of accounting. The principal elimination entries eliminate investments in subsidiaries and intercompany balances and transactions.

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET

SEPTEMBER 30, 2018

(in thousands)



	Parent		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations and Reclassifications			U.S. Concrete Consolidated
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	14,634	$	10,548	$	—		$	25,182
Trade accounts receivable, net	—		240,970		14,131		—			255,101
Inventories	—		44,409		5,188		—			49,597
Prepaid expenses	—		8,587		934		—			9,521
Other receivables	8,877		8,634		197		—			17,708
Other current assets	—		3,353		9		—			3,362
Intercompany receivables	16,124		—		—		(16,124		)	—
Total current assets	25,001		320,587		31,007		(16,124		)	360,471
Property, plant and equipment, net	—		466,641		214,420		—			681,061
Goodwill	—		154,661		83,738		—			238,399
Intangible assets, net	—		118,846		4,923		—			123,769
Deferred income taxes	—		—		—		—			—
Investment in subsidiaries	593,753		—		—		(593,753		)	—
Long-term intercompany receivables	347,791		—		—		(347,791		)	—
Other assets	—		6,331		991		—			7,322
Total assets	$	966,545	$	1,067,066	$	335,079	$	(957,668	)	$	1,411,022
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	—	$	134,331	$	2,982	$	—		$	137,313
Accrued liabilities	14,283		91,179		8,932		—			114,394
Current maturities of long-term debt	143		29,294		358		—			29,795
Intercompany payables	—		—		16,124		(16,124		)	—
Total current liabilities	14,426		254,804		28,396		(16,124		)	281,502
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	636,445		63,811		462		—			700,718
Other long-term obligations and deferred credits	906		54,502		2,876		—			58,284
Deferred income taxes	—		14,397		19,593		—			33,990
Long-term intercompany payables	—		225,728		122,063		(347,791		)	—
Total liabilities	651,777		613,242		173,390		(363,915		)	1,074,494
Total shareholders' equity	314,768		453,824		139,931		(593,753		)	314,770
Non-controlling interest	—		—		21,758		—			21,758
Total equity	314,768		453,824		161,689		(593,753		)	336,528
Total liabilities and equity	$	966,545	$	1,067,066	$	335,079	$	(957,668	)	$	1,411,022

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET

DECEMBER 31, 2017

(in thousands)



	Parent		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations and Reclassifications			U.S. Concrete Consolidated
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	—	$	6,970	$	15,611	$	—		$	22,581
Trade accounts receivable, net	—		208,669		5,552		—			214,221
Inventories	—		41,006		7,079		—			48,085
Prepaid expenses	—		4,723		574		—			5,297
Other receivables	16,256		2,644		291		—			19,191
Other current assets	—		2,307		3		—			2,310
Intercompany receivables	14,628		—		—		(14,628		)	—
Total current assets	30,884		266,319		29,110		(14,628		)	311,685
Property, plant and equipment, net	—		416,888		219,380		—			636,268
Goodwill	—		142,221		62,510		—			204,731
Intangible assets, net	—		115,570		2,553		—			118,123
Deferred income taxes	—		—		674		(674		)	—
Investment in subsidiaries	544,256		—		—		(544,256		)	—
Long-term intercompany receivables	322,193		—		—		(322,193		)	—
Other assets	—		4,384		943		—			5,327
Total assets	$	897,333	$	945,382	$	315,170	$	(881,751	)	$	1,276,134
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	17	$	115,465	$	1,588	$	—		$	117,070
Accrued liabilities	6,703		53,097		5,620		—			65,420
Current maturities of long-term debt	—		25,284		667		—			25,951
Intercompany payables	—		—		14,628		(14,628		)	—
Total current liabilities	6,720		193,846		22,503		(14,628		)	208,441
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	608,127		58,545		713		—			667,385
Other long-term obligations and deferred credits	2,035		88,743		2,563		—			93,341
Deferred income taxes	—		5,499		—		(674		)	4,825
Long-term intercompany payables	—		195,282		126,911		(322,193		)	—
Total liabilities	616,882		541,915		152,690		(337,495		)	973,992
Total shareholders' equity	280,451		403,467		140,789		(544,256		)	280,451
Non-controlling interest	—		—		21,691		—			21,691
Total equity	280,451		403,467		162,480		(544,256		)	302,142
Total liabilities and equity	$	897,333	$	945,382	$	315,170	$	(881,751	)	$	1,276,134

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018

(in thousands)



	Parent			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations and Reclassifications			U.S. Concrete Consolidated
Revenue	$	—		$	370,151		$	34,116		$	—		$	404,267
Cost of goods sold before depreciation, depletion and amortization	—			299,976			25,292			—			325,268
Selling, general and administrative expenses	—			30,535			1,685			—			32,220
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	—			21,253			4,220			—			25,473
Change in value of contingent consideration	31			364			—			—			395
Gain on sale of assets, net	—			(14,081		)	—			—			(14,081		)
Operating income (loss)	(31		)	32,104			2,919			—			34,992
Interest expense, net	9,687			955			1,099			—			11,741
Other expense (income), net	(81		)	(1,272		)	250			—			(1,103		)
Income (loss) before income taxes, equity in earnings of subsidiaries and non-controlling interest	(9,637		)	32,421			1,570			—			24,354
Income tax expense (benefit)	(3,101		)	10,713			963			—			8,575
Net income (loss) before equity in earnings of subsidiaries and non-controlling interest	(6,536		)	21,708			607			—			15,779
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries	22,138			—			—			(22,138		)	—
Net income (loss)	15,602			21,708			607			(22,138		)	15,779
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interest	—			—			(177		)	—			(177		)
Net income (loss) attributable to U.S. Concrete	$	15,602		$	21,708		$	430		$	(22,138	)	$	15,602

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

(in thousands)



	Parent			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations and Reclassifications			U.S. Concrete Consolidated
Revenue	$	—		$	351,005		$	3,623		$	—		$	354,628
Cost of goods sold before depreciation, depletion and amortization	—			275,581			3,414			—			278,995
Selling, general and administrative expenses	—			28,630			1,426			—			30,056
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	—			16,028			565			—			16,593
Change in value of contingent consideration	389			330			—			—			719
Impairment of assets	—			—			648			—			648
Gain on sale of assets, net	—			(106		)	—			—			(106		)
Operating income (loss)	(389		)	30,542			(2,430		)	—			27,723
Interest expense, net	9,977			574			1			—			10,552
Derivative loss	(13,119		)	—			—			—			(13,119		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	60			—			—			—			60
Other expense (income), net	—			(654		)	(633		)	—			(1,287		)
Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income taxes and equity in earnings of subsidiaries	2,693			30,622			(1,798		)	—			31,517
Income tax expense (benefit)	(3,930		)	11,240			(69		)	—			7,241
Net income (loss) from continuing operations before equity in earnings of subsidiaries	6,623			19,382			(1,729		)	—			24,276
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes and before equity in earnings of subsidiaries	—			(222		)	—			—			(222		)
Net income (loss) before equity in earnings of subsidiaries	6,623			19,160			(1,729		)	—			24,054
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries	17,431			—			—			(17,431		)	—
Net income (loss)	$	24,054		$	19,160		$	(1,729	)	$	(17,431	)	$	24,054

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018

(in thousands)



	Parent			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations and Reclassifications			U.S. Concrete Consolidated
Revenue	$	—		$	1,054,296		$	81,958		$	—		$	1,136,254
Cost of goods sold before depreciation, depletion and amortization	—			849,259			63,479			—			912,738
Selling, general and administrative expenses	—			90,631			5,740			—			96,371
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	—			57,029			11,161			—			68,190
Change in value of contingent consideration	120			(983		)	—			—			(863		)
Impairment of assets	—			1,299			—			—			1,299
Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net	—			(14,656		)	14			—			(14,642		)
Operating income (loss)	(120		)	71,717			1,564			—			73,161
Interest expense, net	29,514			2,756			2,294			—			34,564
Other expense (income), net	730			(3,807		)	(1,086		)	—			(4,163		)
Income (loss) before income taxes, equity in earnings of subsidiaries and non-controlling interest	(30,364		)	72,768			356			—			42,760
Income tax expense (benefit)	(8,877		)	22,412			984			—			14,519
Net income (loss) before equity in earnings of subsidiaries and non-controlling interest	(21,487		)	50,356			(628		)	—			28,241
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries	49,496			—			—			(49,496		)	—
Net income (loss)	28,009			50,356			(628		)	(49,496		)	28,241
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interest	—			—			(232		)	—			(232		)
Net income (loss) attributable to U.S. Concrete	$	28,009		$	50,356		$	(860	)	$	(49,496	)	$	28,009

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

(in thousands)



	Parent			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations and Reclassifications			U.S. Concrete Consolidated
Revenue	$	—		$	980,496		$	14,191		$	—		$	994,687
Cost of goods sold before depreciation, depletion and amortization	—			766,605			11,723			—			778,328
Selling, general and administrative expenses	—			83,285			2,788			—			86,073
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	—			46,957			1,845			—			48,802
Change in value of contingent consideration	669			1,378			—			—			2,047
Impairment of assets	—			—			648			—			648
Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net	—			(498		)	2			—			(496		)
Operating income (loss)	(669		)	82,769			(2,815		)	—			79,285
Interest expense, net	29,665			1,396			1			—			31,062
Derivative loss	791			—			—			—			791
Loss on extinguishment of debt	60			—			—			—			60
Other expense (income), net	—			(2,027		)	(564		)	—			(2,591		)
Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income taxes and equity in earnings of subsidiaries	(31,185		)	83,400			(2,252		)	—			49,963
Income tax expense (benefit)	(11,397		)	32,337			(86		)	—			20,854
Net income (loss) from continuing operations before equity in earnings of subsidiaries	(19,788		)	51,063			(2,166		)	—			29,109
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes and before equity in earnings of subsidiaries	—			(524		)	—			—			(524		)
Net income (loss) before equity in earnings of subsidiaries	(19,788		)	50,539			(2,166		)	—			28,585
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries	48,373			—			—			(48,373		)	—
Net income (loss)	$	28,585		$	50,539		$	(2,166	)	$	(48,373	)	$	28,585

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018

(in thousands)



	Parent			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations			U.S. Concrete Consolidated
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	(20,843	)	$	108,514		$	2,876		$	(331	)	$	90,216
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	—			(29,328		)	(2,878		)	—			(32,206		)
Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	—			(72,326		)	—			—			(72,326		)
Proceeds from disposals of businesses and property, plant and equipment	—			18,564			39			—			18,603
Purchases of environmental credits	—			—			(2,836		)	—			(2,836		)
Insurance proceeds from property loss claims	—			1,654			500			—			2,154
Net cash used in investing activities	—			(81,436		)	(5,175		)	—			(86,611		)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from revolver borrowings	338,213			—			—			—			338,213
Repayments of revolver borrowings	(310,713		)	—			—			—			(310,713		)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	78			—			—			—			78
Payments of other long-term obligations	(2,215		)	(3,433		)	—			—			(5,648		)
Payments for other financing	(12		)	(20,632		)	(568		)	—			(21,212		)
Other treasury share purchases	(1,876		)	—			—			—			(1,876		)
Cash paid to non-controlling interest	—			—			(249		)	—			(249		)
Other proceeds	—			464			—			—			464
Intercompany funding	(2,632		)	4,187			(1,886		)	331			—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	20,843			(19,414		)	(2,703		)	331			(943		)
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	—			—			(61		)	—			(61		)
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	—			7,664			(5,063		)	—			2,601
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD	—			6,970			15,611			—			22,581
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD	$	—		$	14,634		$	10,548		$	—		$	25,182

U.S. CONCRETE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

(in thousands)



	Parent			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations			U.S. Concrete Consolidated
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	(905	)	$	95,217		$	363		$	(10,429	)	$	84,246
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:													—
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	—			(31,416		)	(2,568		)	—			(33,984		)
Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	469			(57,265		)	—			—			(56,796		)
Proceeds from disposals of businesses and property, plant and equipment	—			2,306			2			—			2,308
Investment in subsidiaries	(646		)	—			—			646			—
Advance for note receivable	(8,063		)	—			—			—			(8,063		)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(8,240		)	(86,375		)	(2,566		)	646			(96,535		)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from issuance of debt	211,500			—			—			—			211,500
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants	2,695			—			—			—			2,695
Payments of other long-term obligations	(2,925		)	(4,789		)	(8		)	—			(7,722		)
Payments for other financing	—			(14,317		)	—			—			(14,317		)
Debt issuance costs	(4,332		)	—			—			—			(4,332		)
Other treasury share purchases	(3,046		)	—			—			—			(3,046		)
Intercompany funding	(194,747		)	182,561			2,403			9,783			—
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	9,145			163,455			2,395			9,783			184,778
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	—			172,297			192			—			172,489
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD	—			75,576			198			—			75,774
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD	$	—		$	247,873		$	390		$	—		$	248,263

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

For a discussion of our commitments not discussed below and our critical accounting policies, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the “2017 Form 10-K”).

Our Business

U.S. Concrete, Inc. is a Delaware corporation founded and incorporated in 1997. We began operations in 1999, which is the year we completed our initial public offering. In this report, we refer to U.S. Concrete, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries as "we," "us," "our," the "Company" or "U.S. Concrete", unless we specifically state otherwise, or the context or content indicates otherwise. We are a leading producer of ready-mixed concrete in select geographic markets in the United States and the U.S. Virgin Islands. We operate our business through two primary segments: ready-mixed concrete and aggregate products. Ready-mixed concrete is an important building material used in the vast majority of commercial, residential and public works construction projects. Aggregate products are granular raw materials essential in the production of ready-mixed concrete.

Ready-Mixed Concrete. Our ready-mixed concrete segment (which represented 86.7% of our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018) engages principally in the formulation, preparation and delivery of ready-mixed concrete to our customers’ job sites. We provide our ready-mixed concrete from our operations in Texas, New Jersey, New York, Washington, D.C., Pennsylvania, California, Oklahoma and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Ready-mixed concrete is a highly versatile construction material that results from combining coarse and fine aggregates, such as gravel, crushed stone and sand, with water, various chemical admixtures and cement. We also provide services intended to reduce our customers’ overall construction costs by lowering the installed, or “in-place,” cost of concrete. These services include the formulation of mixtures for specific design uses, on-site and lab-based product quality control and customized delivery programs to meet our customers’ needs. We generally do not provide paving or other finishing services, which construction contractors or subcontractors typically perform.

Aggregate Products. Our aggregate products segment (which represented 8.9% of our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, excluding $35.3 million of intersegment sales) produces crushed stone, sand and gravel from 20 aggregates facilities located in New Jersey, Texas, Oklahoma, the U.S. Virgin Islands and British Columbia, Canada. We sell these aggregates for use in commercial, industrial, and public works projects, as well as consume them internally in the production of ready-mixed concrete in the markets served by the aggregates facilities. We produced approximately 7.8 million tons of aggregates during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, with British Columbia, Canada representing 44%, Texas / Oklahoma representing 32%, New Jersey representing 21%, and the U.S. Virgin Islands representing 3% of the total. We consumed 33% of our aggregate production internally and sold 67% to third-party customers during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. We believe our aggregate reserves provide us with additional raw materials sourcing flexibility and supply availability. In addition, we own a quarry in West Texas, which we lease to a third party, who pays us a royalty based on the volumes produced and sold.

Cement and Other Raw Materials

We obtain most of the materials necessary to manufacture ready-mixed concrete on a daily basis. These materials include cement, other cementitious materials (fly ash and blast furnace slag), and aggregate products (stone, gravel and sand), in addition to certain chemical admixtures. With the exception of chemical admixtures, each plant typically maintains an inventory level of these materials sufficient to satisfy its operating needs for a few days. Our inventory levels do not decline significantly or comparatively with declines in revenue during seasonally low periods. We generally maintain inventory at specified levels to maximize purchasing efficiencies and to be able to respond quickly to customer demand.

Typically, cement, other cementitious materials, and aggregates represent the highest-cost materials used in manufacturing a cubic yard of ready-mixed concrete. We purchase cement from a few suppliers in each of our major geographic markets. Chemical admixtures are generally purchased from suppliers under national purchasing agreements.

In most of our geographic markets, the prices we pay for cement and aggregate products increased in the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. Generally, we negotiate with suppliers on a company-wide basis and at the local market level to obtain the most competitive pricing available for cement and aggregate products. We believe the demand for cement is increasing and will warrant scrutiny as construction activity increases. Today, in most of our markets, we believe there is an adequate supply of cement and aggregate products.

Overview

The geographic markets for our products are generally local, except for our Canadian aggregate products operation that primarily serves markets in California. Our operating results are subject to fluctuations in the level and mix of construction activity that occur in our markets. The level of activity affects the demand for our products, while the product mix of activity among the various segments of the construction industry affects both our relative competitive strengths and our operating margins. Commercial and industrial projects generally provide more opportunities to sell value-added products that are designed to meet the high-performance requirements of these types of projects.

Our customers are generally involved in the construction industry, which is a cyclical business and is subject to general and more localized economic conditions. In addition, our business is impacted by seasonal variations in weather conditions, which vary by regional market. Accordingly, because of inclement weather, demand for our products and services during the winter months is typically lower than in other months of the year. Also, sustained periods of inclement weather and other adverse weather conditions could cause the delay of construction projects during other times of the year.

Our ready-mixed concrete operations sales volume increased 7.5% to 7.2 million cubic yards for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. In addition, our ready-mixed concrete average sales prices increased 0.6% to $135.94 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in sales volume was driven largely by ready-mixed concrete segment acquisitions completed in the past year.

Acquisitions and Divestitures

We completed five acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 that expanded our ready-mixed concrete operations in our Atlantic Region (which we define to include New York, New Jersey, Washington, D.C. and Pennsylvania) and expanded our ready-mixed concrete and aggregate products operations in West Texas. In addition, we completed eight acquisitions during 2017, the majority of which occurred during the period from September 29, 2017 to December 31, 2017. The 2017 acquisitions expanded our ready-mixed concrete operations in Northern California, facilitated vertical integration on the West Coast and expanded our aggregates operations in the Atlantic Region. As a result of the strategic expansion of our aggregate products operations and continued vertical integration, we expect our aggregate product sales to increase as a percentage of our total segment revenue.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we sold our Dallas/Fort Worth area lime operations and our Michigan aggregates property that no longer fit into our operating plans.

For additional information on our acquisitions and divestitures, see Note 4, "Business Combinations" and Note 11, "Divestitures" to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this report.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth selected statement of operations information.



	(amounts in thousands, except selling prices and percentages)
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Increase/ (Decrease)	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase/ (Decrease)
	2018			2017			%⁽¹⁾	2018			2017			%⁽¹⁾
	(unaudited)							(unaudited)
Revenue	$	404,267		$	354,628		14.0%	$	1,136,254		$	994,687		14.2%
Cost of goods sold before depreciation, depletion and amortization	325,268			278,995			16.6	912,738			778,328			17.3
Selling, general and administrative expenses	32,220			30,056			7.2	96,371			86,073			12.0
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	25,473			16,593			53.5	68,190			48,802			39.7
Change in value of contingent consideration	395			719			(45.1)	(863		)	2,047			NM
Impairment of assets	—			648			NM	1,299			648			NM
Gain on sale of business and assets, net	(14,081		)	(106		)	NM	(14,642		)	(496		)	NM
Operating income	34,992			27,723			26.2	73,161			79,285			(7.7)
Interest expense, net	11,741			10,552			11.3	34,564			31,062			11.3
Derivative loss (income)	—			(13,119		)	NM	—			791			NM
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—			60			NM	—			60			NM
Other income, net	(1,103		)	(1,287		)	(14.3)	(4,163		)	(2,591		)	60.7
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	24,354			31,517			(22.7)	42,760			49,963			(14.4)
Income tax expense	8,575			7,241			18.4	14,519			20,854			(30.4)
Income from continuing operations	15,779			24,276			(35.0)	28,241			29,109			(3.0)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes	—			(222		)	NM	—			(524		)	NM
Net income	15,779			24,054			(34.4)	28,241			28,585			(1.2)
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interest	(177		)	—			NM	(232		)	—			NM
Net income attributable to U.S. Concrete	$	15,602		$	24,054		(35.1)	$	28,009		$	28,585		(2.0)%

Ready-mixed Concrete Data:
Average sales price per cubic yard	$	138.10		$	136.62		1.1%	$	135.94		$	135.16		0.6%
Sales volume in cubic yards	2,503			2,366			5.8%	7,222			6,719			7.5%

Aggregate Products Data:
Average sales price per ton ⁽²⁾	$	11.63		$	12.25		(5.1)%	$	11.26		$	12.56		(10.4)%
Sales volume in tons	3,211			1,502			113.8%	8,402			4,277			96.4%

(1) "NM" is defined as "not meaningful".

(2)

Our calculation of the aggregate products segment average sales price ("ASP") excludes certain other ancillary revenue and Polaris’s freight revenue. We define revenue for our aggregate products ASP calculation as amounts billed to external and internal customers for coarse and fine aggregate products, excluding delivery charges. Our definition and calculation of ASP may differ from other companies in the construction materials industry.

Revenue. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, revenue grew 14.0%, or $49.6 million, compared to the prior year third quarter, primarily driven by contributions from our acquisition. We estimate that acquisitions completed since April 1, 2017 accounted for $45.6 million of revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2018. As a result of the strategic expansion of our aggregate products operations and continued vertical integration, our aggregate products sales grew to 13.4% of total reportable segment revenue in the three months ended September 30, 2018 from 6.1% in the same period last year.

In the third quarter of 2018, ready-mixed concrete sales contributed $22.7 million, or 45.8%, of our revenue growth, driven by a 5.8% increase in volume and a 1.1% increase in our ASP. Aggregate products sales contributed $32.6 million, or 65.7%, of our revenue growth, driven by a 113.8% increase in volume, partially offset by a 5.1% decrease in the ASP. The increased revenue was primarily due to recent acquisitions in our West Coast (Polaris) and West Texas markets. Other products revenue and eliminations (which includes building materials stores, aggregates distribution, lime slurry until its divestiture in September of 2018, hauling operations, brokered product sales, recycled aggregates, and eliminations of our intersegment sales) decreased to $4.5 million in the third quarter of 2018 as compared to $10.1 million in the third quarter of 2017, primarily due to increased elimination of our intersegment sales.

Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 grew 14.2%, or $141.6 million, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily driven by contributions from our acquisitions. We estimate that acquisitions completed since April 1, 2017 accounted for $122.4 million of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Our West Coast and West Texas markets led all of our other major markets with significantly higher total revenue, higher ready-mixed concrete sales and volume as well as increased aggregate product sales and volume for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the prior year period. Ready-mixed concrete sales contributed 53.9%, or $76.4 million, of our revenue growth, driven by a 7.5% increase in volume and a 0.6% increase in our ASP. Aggregate products sales grew $74.7 million, or 121.3%, to $136.2 million from $61.5 million, resulting primarily from an 96.4% increase in volume partially offset by a 10.4% decrease in ASP. The increased volume was primarily due to recent acquisitions in our West Coast (Polaris) and West Texas markets. During the quarter ended June 30, 2018, we re-characterized all sales from our Polaris subsidiary (some of which were previously reported in other products and eliminations) as aggregate products revenue to more closely align these results with how we manage and report our other aggregate products operations. Other products revenue and eliminations, as described above, decreased to $14.5 million from $24.0 million for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, primarily due to increased elimination of our intersegment sales.

Cost of goods sold before depreciation, depletion and amortization ("DD&A"). Cost of goods sold before DD&A increased by $46.3 million, or 16.6%, in the third quarter of 2018 compared to the prior year quarter. As a percentage of revenue, cost of goods sold before DD&A increased by 1.8% in the third quarter of 2018 compared to the third quarter of 2017. Our costs increased primarily due to volume growth from acquisitions, resulting in higher raw material costs, delivery costs, and plant variable costs, which includes primarily labor and benefits, freight, and repairs and maintenance. During the third quarter of 2018, our fixed costs, which primarily consist of leased equipment costs, property taxes, dispatch costs, quality control, and plant management, increased over the comparable prior year period primarily due to higher personnel and equipment costs needed to operate our facilities, as well as higher overall fixed costs to operate more locations and trucks than in the previous year. We incurred some raw material cost increases that we were not able to immediately pass along to our customers.

For the first nine months of 2018, cost of goods sold before DD&A increased by $134.4 million, or 17.3%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Similar to the third quarter of 2018, our costs increased primarily due to volume growth resulting from acquisitions, resulting in higher raw material costs, delivery costs, and plant variable costs. During the first nine months of 2018, our fixed costs increased over the comparable prior year period primarily due to higher costs to operate our facilities, as well as additional locations and trucks than in the previous year. As a percentage of revenue, cost of goods sold before DD&A increased by 2.1% in the first nine months of 2018 compared to the first nine months of 2017.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses increased $2.2 million, or 7.2%, for the quarter ended September 30, 2018, in comparison to the corresponding 2017 quarter. The increase resulted from various factors, including the impact of additional SG&A expenses from recent acquisitions, increased personnel-related costs to support our growth initiatives and acquisition strategy, increased marketing expenses and litigation settlement cost. As a percentage of revenue, SG&A expenses decreased to 8.0% in the 2018 third quarter from 8.5% in the 2017 third quarter.

For the first nine months of 2018, SG&A expenses increased $10.3 million, or 12.0%, compared to the first nine months of 2017. This increase resulted from various factors, including acquisition-related costs, non-cash stock compensation expense, the impact of additional SG&A expenses from recent acquisitions, increased personnel-related costs to support our growth initiatives and acquisition strategy, increased marketing expenses and litigation settlement cost. As a percentage of revenue, SG&A expenses in the first nine months of 2017 decreased to 8.5% from 8.7% in the comparable period of 2017.

Depreciation, depletion and amortization. DD&A expense increased $8.9 million, or 53.5%, for the quarter ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the corresponding quarter of 2017. For the first nine months of 2018, DD&A expense increased $19.4 million, or 39.7%, as compared to the first nine months of 2017. The increases primarily related to depreciation on additional plants, equipment and mixer trucks purchased to service increased demand or through acquisitions and depletion on acquired mineral deposits.

Change in value of contingent consideration. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we recorded a non-cash loss on revaluation of contingent consideration of $0.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded a non-cash gain on revaluation of contingent consideration of $0.9 million compared to a non-cash loss of $2.0 million for the same period in 2017. These non-cash items are related to fair value changes in contingent consideration associated with certain of our acquisitions. The key inputs in determining the fair value of our contingent consideration of $59.9 million at September 30, 2018, included discount rates ranging from 3.70% to 15.75% and management's estimates of future sales volumes, permitted reserves and EBITDA, as defined in the purchase agreements. Changes in these inputs impact the valuation of our contingent consideration and result in either a gain or loss in each reporting period. The non-cash gain from fair value changes in contingent consideration for the first nine months of 2018 was primarily due to updated financial expectations for certain previously acquired businesses, while the expense in 2017 was primarily due to the passage of time.

Interest expense, net. Net interest expense increased by $1.2 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2018, from the comparable 2017 quarter and increased $3.5 million for the first nine months of 2018 from the first nine months of 2017, primarily due to borrowings under our revolving credit facility in 2018.

Derivative loss (income). We recorded a non-cash income on derivatives of $13.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, and a non-cash loss on derivatives of $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, related to our warrants that were issued on August 31, 2010 (the "Warrants") and expired on August 31, 2017. The accounting for their expiration contributed to the non-cash income for the quarter while changes in the price of our common stock also contributed to the non-cash loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Income taxes. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we recorded income tax expense allocated to continuing operations of $8.6 million and $7.2 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we recorded income tax expense allocated to continuing operations of $14.5 million and $20.9 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our effective tax rate of 34.0% exceeded the federal statutory rate primarily due to (i) certain subsidiaries having no income tax benefit on their operating losses due to full valuation allowances recorded, (ii) adjustments related to the tax rate change enacted as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act"), and (iii) state taxes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, our effective tax rate of 41.7% differed from the federal statutory rate primarily due to state taxes and the impact of a $0.8 million non-cash loss on our now expired Warrants, which was recorded with no associated tax benefit.

Under U.S. tax law, we treat our Canadian and U.S. Virgin Island subsidiaries as controlled foreign corporations. As such, we consider our undistributed earnings of our Canadian and U.S. Virgin Island subsidiaries, if any, to be indefinitely reinvested and, accordingly, we do not record any incremental U.S. taxes thereon.

On December 22, 2017, the President signed the Tax Act into law. Shortly after the Tax Act was enacted, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”), which provides guidance on accounting for the Tax Act’s impact. This guidance provides a measurement period, which in no case should extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date. As of September 30, 2018, we recorded provisional amounts for the effects of the Tax Act for the Base Erosion Anti-abuse Tax, which is a new minimum tax, and a mechanism to tax global intangible low taxed income. These provisional amounts were immaterial to our consolidated financial statements. We will monitor future guidance set forth by the U.S. Department of Treasury with regard to the new provisions under the Tax Act, and true up provisional amounts as appropriate within the one-year measurement period allowed under SAB 118.

Segment Information

During the quarter ended June 30, 2018, we re-characterized certain results of our Polaris distribution operations, which include shipping and terminal operations, to the aggregate products segment from other products and eliminations. This change was made to better reflect how the Polaris business is viewed and operated by management and more closely aligns our reporting with how we manage and report our other aggregate products operations. As a result of this change, certain first quarter 2018 amounts have been reclassified from those previously reported.

See Note 13, "Segment Information," to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this report for additional information regarding our segments and the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to income from continuing operations before income taxes.

Ready-mixed Concrete

The following table sets forth key financial information for our ready-mixed concrete segment:



	(amounts in thousands, except selling prices and percentages)
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Increase/ (Decrease)	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase/ (Decrease)
	2018			2017			%	2018			2017			%

Ready-mixed Concrete Segment:
Revenue	$	346,242		$	323,567		7.0%	$	985,509		$	909,145		8.4%
Segment revenue as a percentage of total revenue	85.6		%	91.2		%		86.7		%	91.4		%

Adjusted EBITDA	$	47,545		$	53,627		(11.3)%	$	140,307		$	144,777		(3.1)%
Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenue	13.7		%	16.6		%		14.2		%	15.9		%

Ready-mixed Concrete Data:
Average sales price per cubic yard⁽¹⁾	$	138.10		$	136.62		1.1%	$	135.94		$	135.16		0.6%
Sales volume in cubic yards	2,503			2,366			5.8%	7,222			6,719			7.5%

(1) Calculation excludes certain ancillary revenue that is reported within the segment.

Revenue. Our ready-mixed concrete sales provided 85.6% and 91.2% of our total revenue in the third quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively. Segment revenue for the third quarter of 2018 increased $22.7 million, or 7.0%, from the comparable 2017 period, primarily driven by contributions from our acquisitions. We estimate that acquisitions completed since April 1, 2017 contributed $18.2 million of revenue to our third quarter of 2018 ready-mixed concrete segment. In addition, all of our major markets generated increased revenue and ASP, except for our North Texas market, which had a slight decrease in ASP in the third quarter of 2018 as compared to the third quarter of 2017.

In the third quarter of 2018 as compared to the third quarter of 2017, increased revenue resulted from a 5.8% increase in sales volume, or 137 thousand cubic yards, providing $18.7 million, or 82.4%, of our ready-mixed concrete revenue growth, and a 1.1% increase in the ASP, which increased revenue by $4.0 million, or 17.6%.

Our ready-mixed concrete sales provided 86.7% and 91.4% of our total revenue in the first nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. Segment revenue for the first nine months of 2018 increased $76.4 million, or 8.4%, from the comparable 2017 period, primarily driven by contributions from our acquisitions. We estimate that acquisitions completed since April 1, 2017 contributed $55.8 million of revenue to our first nine months of 2018 ready-mixed concrete segment. In addition, all our major markets generated increased revenue, except for our Atlantic market. In our Atlantic market, the sales volumes were relatively flat for the first nine months of 2018 versus 2017.

Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA for our ready-mixed concrete segment decreased to $47.5 million in the third quarter of 2018 from $53.6 million in the third quarter of 2017, a decrease of $6.1 million, or 11.3%. Our sales volumes increased 5.8% while the ASP increased 1.1%. Our variable costs, which include primarily raw material costs, labor and benefits costs, utilities, and delivery costs, were all higher due primarily to the increased volume and recent acquisitions. During the third quarter of 2018, we also experienced certain raw materials price increases from our vendors, which increased our cost of goods sold. While we are generally able to pass these price increases along to our customers, due to the timing of certain of the increases, we were unable to immediately recoup the full impact. Our fixed costs, which consist primarily of equipment rental, plant management, property taxes, quality control, and dispatch costs, increased in the 2018 third quarter compared to the prior year third quarter due to higher personnel and equipment costs needed to operate our facilities, as well as higher overall fixed costs to operate more locations and mixer trucks compared to the previous year. Segment Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenue was 13.7% in the third quarter of 2018 versus 16.6% in 2017, primarily reflecting the increased cost of goods sold and the negative impact of weather-related delays in some of our major markets.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, Adjusted EBITDA for our ready-mixed concrete segment decreased to $140.3 million from $144.8 million in the first nine months of 2017, a decrease of $4.5 million, or 3.1%. Our sales volumes increased 7.5%, and our ASP increased 0.6%. Our variable costs were all higher due primarily to the increased volume and recent acquisitions. During the first nine months of 2018, we also experienced certain raw materials price increases from our vendors, which increased our cost of goods sold. While we are generally able to pass these price increases along to our customers, due to the timing of certain of the increases, we were unable to immediately recoup the full impact. Our fixed costs increased in the first nine months of 2018 versus the comparable period in the prior year due to higher personnel and equipment costs needed to operate our facilities, as well as higher overall fixed costs to operate more locations and mixer trucks. Segment Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenue was 14.2% in the first nine months of 2018 versus 15.9% in 2017, primarily reflecting the increased cost of goods sold and the negative impact of weather-related delays in some of our major markets.

Aggregate Products

The following table sets forth key financial information for our aggregate products segment:



	(amounts in thousands, except selling prices and percentages)
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Increase/ (Decrease)	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase/ (Decrease)
	2018			2017			%	2018			2017			%
Aggregate Products Segment:
Sales to external customers	$	41,146		$	10,972			$	100,937		$	32,305
Intersegment sales	12,383			9,987				35,267			29,244
Total aggregate products revenue	$	53,529		$	20,959		155.4%	$	136,204		$	61,549		121.3%
Segment revenue, excluding intersegment sales, as a percentage of total company revenue	10.2		%	3.1		%		8.9		%	3.2		%

Adjusted EBITDA	$	12,138		$	6,218		95.2%	$	29,051		$	18,889		53.8%
Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of total aggregate products revenue	22.7		%	29.7		%		21.3		%	30.7		%

Aggregate Products Data:
Average sales price per ton⁽¹⁾	$	11.63		$	12.25		(5.1)%	$	11.26		$	12.56		(10.4)%
Sales volume in tons	3,211			1,502			113.8%	8,402			4,277			96.4%

(1) Our calculation of the aggregate products segment ASP excludes certain other ancillary revenue and Polaris’s freight revenue. We define revenue for our aggregate products ASP calculation as amounts billed to external and internal customers for coarse and fine aggregate products, excluding delivery charges. Our definition and calculation of ASP may differ from other companies in the construction materials industry.

Revenue. Sales for our aggregate products segment provided 10.2% and 3.1% of our total revenue for the third quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively. Segment revenue increased $32.6 million, or 155.4%, compared to prior year levels, primarily driven by our acquisitions. We estimate that acquisitions completed since April 1, 2017 contributed $29.5 million to our third quarter of 2018 aggregate products revenue. In addition, our aggregate products revenue and sales volume increased in all of our major markets, except for our North Texas market, as compared to the third quarter of 2017. The recent acquisitions of Corbett Sand & Gravel and Polaris have resulted in a change in product mix, which has resulted in an overall lower average ASP for the segment.

For the first nine months of 2018, aggregate products segment sales provided 8.9% and 3.2% of our total revenue for 2018 and 2017, respectively. Segment revenue increased $74.7 million, or 121.3%, compared to prior year levels, primarily driven by our acquisitions. We estimate that acquisitions completed since April 1, 2017 contributed $72.2 million to our first nine months of 2018 aggregate products revenue. In addition, our aggregate products revenue and sales volume increased in all of our major markets, except for our North Texas market, compared to the first nine months of 2017.

We sell our aggregate products to external customers and also sell them internally to our ready-mixed concrete segment at market price. Our ASP decreased 5.1% and 10.4% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Our recent acquisitions have resulted in a change in product mix which has resulted in an overall lower ASP for the segment. In addition, we are experiencing reduced product margins in our aggregate products segment pending full integration and volume expansion of recent acquisitions, including Polaris.

Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA for our aggregate products segment increased to $12.1 million in the third quarter of 2018 from $6.2 million in the third quarter of 2017. Although sales volumes increased 113.8%, the ASP decreased 5.1%. The higher revenue from sales volume was partially offset by a decrease in the ASP, an increase in the cost of goods sold associated with the volume growth, and an increase in the DD&A expenses related to our acquisitions. Overall, our segment Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenue decreased to 22.7% in the third quarter of 2018 from 29.7% in the third quarter of 2017, including the impact of increased zero-margin, customer-paid pass-through freight costs.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, Adjusted EBITDA for our aggregate products segment increased to $29.1 million from $18.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Although sales volumes increased 96.4%, the increased revenues were partially offset by a 10.4% decrease in the ASP. In addition, the higher revenue from sales volume was partially offset by the increased cost of goods sold associated with the volume growth, as well as increased DD&A expenses related to our acquisitions. Overall, our segment Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of segment revenue decreased to 21.3% in the first nine months of 2018 from 30.7% in the comparable period of 2017, including the impact of increased zero-margin, customer-paid pass-through freight costs.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash generated from operations, available cash and cash equivalents and access to our asset-based revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Facility"), which provides for aggregate borrowings of up to $350.0 million, subject to a borrowing base.

As of September 30, 2018, we had $25.2 million of cash and cash equivalents. At September 30, 2018, we had $226.2 million of available borrowing capacity under the Revolving Facility, providing total available liquidity of $251.4 million. Our unused availability under the Revolving Facility at September 30, 2018 increased from December 31, 2017, primarily due to increases in eligible accounts receivable, trucks and machinery balances.

The following key financial metrics reflect our financial position and capital resources as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents	$	25,182	$	22,581
Working capital	78,969		103,244
Total debt ⁽¹⁾	730,513		693,336
Equity	336,528		302,142
Total capital	$	1,067,041	$	995,478

Available capacity under the Revolving Facility	$	226,200	$	206,400


(1)	Total debt includes long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, including current maturities, capital leases, notes payable and borrowings under the Revolving Facility.

Our primary liquidity needs over the next 12 months consist of (1) financing working capital requirements; (2) servicing our indebtedness; (3) purchasing property, plant and equipment; and (4) payments related to strategic acquisitions. Our primary portfolio strategy includes acquisitions in various regions and markets. We may seek financing for acquisitions, including additional debt or equity capital.

Our working capital needs are typically at their lowest level in the first quarter, increase in the second and third quarters to fund increases in accounts receivable and inventories during those periods, and then decrease in the fourth quarter. Availability under the Revolving Facility is governed by a borrowing base primarily determined by our eligible accounts receivable, inventory, mixer trucks and machinery. Our borrowing base also typically declines during the first quarter due to lower accounts receivable balances as a result of normal seasonality of our business caused by weather.

The projection of our cash needs is based upon many factors, including without limitation, our expected volume, pricing, cost of materials and capital expenditures. We anticipate that our federal and state income tax payments will decline in 2018 as compared to prior years following the enactment of the Tax Act, which reduced the corporate statutory rate from 35% to 21%. Based on our projected cash needs, we believe that cash on hand, availability under the Revolving Facility and cash generated from operations will provide us with sufficient liquidity in the ordinary course of business for the next twelve months, not including potential acquisitions. If, however, availability under the Revolving Facility, cash on hand and our operating cash flows are not adequate to fund our operations, we would need to obtain other equity or debt financing or sell assets to provide additional liquidity.

The principal factors that could adversely affect the amount of our internally generated funds include:


•	deterioration of revenue, due to lower volume and/or pricing, because of weakness in the markets in which we operate;


•	declines in gross margins due to shifts in our product mix or increases in the cost of our raw materials and fuel;


•	any deterioration in our ability to collect our accounts receivable from customers as a result of weakening in construction demand or payment difficulties experienced by our customers; and


•	inclement weather beyond normal patterns that could reduce our sales volumes.

The discussion that follows provides a description of our arrangements relating to our outstanding indebtedness.

Senior Secured Credit Facility

Our Revolving Facility provides for up to $350.0 million of revolving borrowings. Under the terms of the agreement governing the facility, we can incur other secured indebtedness not to exceed certain amounts as specified in the agreement. Our actual maximum credit availability under the Revolving Facility varies from time to time and is subject to a borrowing base determined based upon the value of our eligible accounts receivable, inventory, mixer trucks and machinery, minus reserves imposed by the lenders and other adjustments, all as specified in the agreement. There are also provisions for swingline loans up to a $15.0 million sublimit and letters of credit up to a $50.0 million sublimit. Loans under the Revolving Facility are in the form of either base rate loans or “LIBOR loans” denominated in U.S. dollars.

Under the Revolving Facility agreement, we are subject to usual and customary negative covenants including, but not limited to, restrictions on our ability to consolidate or merge; substantially change the nature of our business; sell, lease or otherwise transfer any of our assets; create or incur indebtedness; create liens; pay dividends or make other distributions; make loans; prepay certain indebtedness; and make investments or acquisitions. The negative covenants are subject to certain exceptions. Under our loan agreement and in accordance with the agreement, we, upon the occurrence of certain events, are required to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.0 to 1.0 for each period of 12 calendar months. As of September 30, 2018, we were in compliance with all debt covenants to which we were subject.

Senior Unsecured Notes due 2024

During 2016 and 2017, we issued $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.375% senior unsecured notes due 2024 (the "2024 Notes"). The 2024 Notes are governed by an indenture (the “Indenture”) dated as of June 7, 2016, by and among U.S. Concrete, Inc., as issuer, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2024 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 6.375% per annum. We pay interest on the 2024 Notes on June 1 and December 1 of each year. The 2024 Notes mature on June 1, 2024, and are redeemable at our option prior to maturity at prices specified in the Indenture. The Indenture contains negative covenants that restrict our ability and our restricted subsidiaries' ability to engage in certain transactions, as described below, and also contains customary events of default.

The 2024 Notes are issued by U.S. Concrete, Inc., the parent company, and are guaranteed on a full and unconditional basis by each of our restricted subsidiaries that guarantees any obligations under the Revolving Facility or that guarantees certain of our other indebtedness or certain indebtedness of our restricted subsidiaries (other than foreign restricted subsidiaries that guarantee only indebtedness incurred by another foreign subsidiary). The guarantees are joint and several. U.S. Concrete, Inc. does not have any independent assets or operations, and none of its foreign subsidiaries guarantee the 2024 Notes.

The 2024 Notes and the guarantees thereof are effectively subordinated to all of our and our guarantors' existing and future secured obligations, including obligations under the Revolving Facility, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such obligations; senior in right of payment to any of our and our guarantors' future subordinated indebtedness; pari passu in right of payment with any of our and our guarantors' existing and future senior indebtedness, including our and our guarantors' obligations under the Revolving Facility; and structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including preferred stock, of any non-guarantor subsidiaries.

For additional information regarding our guarantor and non-guarantor subsidiaries, see the information set forth in Note 14, “Supplemental Condensed Consolidating Financial Information,” to our condensed financial statements included in Part I of this report.

Other Debt

We have financing agreements with various lenders for the purchase of mixer trucks and other machinery and equipment with $94.5 million of remaining principal as of September 30, 2018.

Cash Flows

Our net cash provided by operating activities generally reflects the cash effects of transactions and other events used in the determination of net income or loss. Net cash provided by operating activities was $90.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $84.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

We used $86.6 million to fund investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $96.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. We paid $72.3 million and $56.8 million to fund acquisitions during the first nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. In addition, we used $32.2 million and $34.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, to fund purchases of machinery and equipment as well as mixer trucks and other vehicles to service our business. Investing activities also included proceeds from the sale of businesses and property, plant and equipment of $18.6 million and $2.3 million during the first nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Our net cash used in financing activities was $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $184.8 million for the comparable period of 2017. Financing activities during the first nine months of 2018 included $27.5 million of net borrowings under our Revolving Facility to operate our business and fund acquisitions. In addition, we repaid $21.2 million of capital leases and notes used to fund capital expenditures and paid $5.6 million for contingent and deferred consideration obligations. Financing activities during the first nine months of 2017 included proceeds from our 2024 Notes offering, including the premium on the issue price and net of related debt issuance costs. In addition, during the first nine months of 2017, we made payments of $14.3 million related to our capital leases and other financings and paid $7.7 million for contingent and deferred consideration obligations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not currently have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have had or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources. From time to time, we enter into non-cancellable operating leases that are not reflected on our balance sheet. At September 30, 2018, we had $17.5 million of undrawn letters of credit outstanding. We are also contingently liable for performance under $38.5 million in performance bonds relating to our operations.

Inflation

We experienced minimal increases in operating costs during the first nine months of 2018 related to inflation. However, in non-recessionary conditions, cement prices and certain other raw material prices, including aggregates, have generally risen faster than regional inflationary rates. When these price increases have occurred, we have generally been able to mitigate our cost increases with price increases we obtained for our products.

Critical Accounting Policies

We have outlined our critical accounting policies in Item 7 of Part II of the 2017 Form 10-K. Our critical accounting policies involve the use of estimates in the recording of business combinations, goodwill and intangible assets and any related impairment, accruals for self-insurance, accruals for income taxes, assessing impairment of long-lived assets, and accounting for contingent consideration. See Note 1, "Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of Part II of the 2017 Form 10-K for a discussion of our critical and significant accounting policies.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements and information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements concerning plans, objectives, goals, projections, strategies, future events or performance, and underlying assumptions and other statements, which are not statements of historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “intends,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” "outlook," “predict,” “potential,” or “continue,” the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effect on us. While management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made, there can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we anticipate. All comments concerning our expectations for future operating results are based on our forecasts for our existing operations and do not include the potential impact of any future acquisitions. Our forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections.

Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those summarized below:


•	general economic and business conditions, which will, among other things, affect demand for new residential and commercial construction;


•	our ability to successfully identify, manage, and integrate acquisitions;


•	the cyclical nature of, and changes in, the real estate and construction markets, including pricing changes by our competitors;


•	governmental requirements and initiatives, including those related to mortgage lending, financing or deductions, funding for public or infrastructure construction, land usage, and environmental, health, and safety matters;


•	disruptions, uncertainties or volatility in the credit markets that may limit our, our suppliers' and our customers' access to capital;


•	our ability to successfully implement our operating strategy;


•	weather conditions;


•	our substantial indebtedness and the restrictions imposed on us by the terms of our indebtedness;


•	the effects of currency fluctuations on our results of operations and financial condition;


•	our ability to maintain favorable relationships with third parties who supply us with equipment and essential supplies;


•	our ability to retain key personnel and maintain satisfactory labor relations; and


•	product liability, property damage, results of litigation, and other claims and insurance coverage issues.

For additional information regarding known material factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our projected results, please see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of Part II of this report.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date they are made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by federal securities laws.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no material changes from the information previously reported under Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Acquisitions

We completed the following acquisitions during 2017 and 2018 that we are in the process of integrating:


•	Polaris Materials Corporation on November 17, 2017;


•	On Time Ready Mix, Inc. on January 10, 2018;


•	Cutrell Trucking, LLC., Dumas Concrete, LLC., Pampa Concrete Co.,Inc., Panhandle Concrete, LLC., Texas Sand & Gravel Co., Inc. on March 2, 2018;


•	Leon River Aggregate Materials, LLC on August 29, 2018; and


•	Five individually immaterial operations acquired during December 2017, March 2018, and September 2018.

Management’s assessment and conclusion on the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2018, excludes an assessment of the internal control over financial reporting related to each of the above acquisitions. The above acquisitions represented 25.8% of our consolidated total assets and 8.9% of our consolidated revenue included in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on their evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have completed a number of acquisitions in the past 12 months. As part of our ongoing integration activities, we continue to implement our controls and procedures at the businesses we acquire and to augment our company-wide controls to reflect the risks inherent in our acquisitions. Throughout the integration process, we monitor these efforts and take corrective action as needed to reinforce the application of our controls and procedures. Other than the foregoing and except as described above, during the quarter ended September 30, 2018, there were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The information set forth under the heading “Legal Proceedings” in Note 12, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this report is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The risk factor listed below is an update to, and should be read in conjunction with “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of our 2017 Form 10-K. Readers should carefully consider the factors discussed in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part 1 of the 2017 Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our 2017 Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Failure to meet our financial guidance or achieve other forward-looking statements we have provided to the public could result in a decline in our stock price.

From time to time, we provide public guidance on our expected financial results or disclose other forward-looking information for future periods. We manage our business to maximize our growth and profitability and not to achieve financial or operating targets for any particular reporting period. Although we believe that public guidance may provide investors with a better understanding of our expectations for the future and is useful to our existing and potential shareholders, such guidance is subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Any such guidance or other forward-looking statements are predictions based on our then existing expectations and projections about future events that we believe are reasonable. Actual events or results may differ materially from our expectations, and as such, our actual results may not be in line with guidance we have provided. We are under no duty to update any of our forward-looking statements to conform to actual results or to changes in our expectations, except as required by federal securities laws. If our financial results for a particular period do not meet our guidance or the expectations of investors, or if we reduce our guidance for future periods, the market price of our common stock may decline and stockholders could be adversely affected. Investors who rely on these predictions when making investment decisions with respect to our securities do so at their own risk.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table provides information with respect to purchases by the Company of shares of our common stock during the three month period ended September 30, 2018:



Calendar Month	Total Number of Shares Acquired ⁽¹⁾	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs ⁽²⁾	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under Plans or Programs ⁽²⁾
July 1 - July 31, 2018	—	$	—	—	$	50,000,000
August 1 - August 31, 2018	143	49.44		—	50,000,000
September 1 - September 30, 2018	—	—		—	50,000,000
Total	143	$	49.44	—	$	50,000,000


(1)	The total number of shares purchased includes shares of our common stock acquired from employees who elected for us to make their required tax payments upon vesting of certain restricted shares by withholding a number of those vested shares having a value on the date of vesting equal to their tax obligations.


(2)	On March 1, 2017, our Board approved a share repurchase program that allows us to repurchase up to $50.0 million of our common stock until the earlier of March 31, 2020, or a determination by the Board to discontinue the program. The program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

The information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included in Exhibit 95.1 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 6. Exhibits



3.1*	—Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of U.S. Concrete, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form 8-A/A filed on August 31, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)).
3.2*	—Third Amended and Restated By-Laws of U.S. Concrete, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form 8-A/A filed on August 31, 2010 (File No. 000-26025)).
3.3*	—Amendment No. 1 to Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of U.S. Concrete, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 20, 2015 (File No. 001-34530)).
31.1	—Certification of Periodic Report pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a).
31.2	—Certification of Periodic Report pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a).
32.1	—Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
32.2	—Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
95.1	—Mine Safety Disclosures.
101.INS	—XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* Incorporated by reference to the filing indicated.

† Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		U.S. CONCRETE, INC.

Date:	November 2, 2018	By:	/s/ John E. Kunz
			John E. Kunz
			Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

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