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EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES /ex32_1.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES /ex31_2.htm
EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES /ex31_1.htm
EX-10.49 - EXHIBIT 10.49 - COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES /ex10_49.htm
EX-10.48 - EXHIBIT 10.48 - COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES /ex10_48.htm
EX-10.47 - EXHIBIT 10.47 - COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES /ex10_47.htm

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018 or

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________

Commission File Number:  000-23575

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

California
 
77-0446957
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

445 Pine Avenue, Goleta, California
 
93117
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)

(805) 692-5821
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  YES NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company.  See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  (Check one):

Large accelerated filer
 
Accelerated filer
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
 
 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes   No
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Common stock of the registrant issued and outstanding of 8,279,882 as of October 26, 2018.



Table of Contents
 
Index
Page
Part I.  Financial Information
 
 
Item 1 – Financial Statements
 
 
 
3
 
 
4
 
 
5
 
 
6
 
 
7
 
 
8
 
The financial statements included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with Community West Bancshares’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
 
 
 
 
 
35
 
53
 
53
 
 
 
Part II. Other Information
 
 
54
 
54
 
54
 
54
 
54
 
54
 
55
 
 
 
56
 

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
Financial Statements
 
COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
   
September 30,
2018
   
December 31,
2017
 
   
(unaudited)
       
   
(in thousands, except share amounts)
 
Assets:
           
Cash and due from banks
 
$
2,308
   
$
3,639
 
Federal funds sold
   
9
     
12
 
Interest-earning demand in other financial institutions
   
45,436
     
42,218
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
47,753
     
45,869
 
Investment securities - available-for-sale, at fair value; amortized cost of $26,058 at September 30, 2018 and $28,742 at December 31, 2017
   
25,802
     
28,783
 
Investment securities - held-to-maturity, at amortized cost; fair value of $7,395 at September 30, 2018 and $7,671 at December 31, 2017
   
7,475
     
7,565
 
Investment securities - measured at fair value; amortized cost of $66 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
   
144
     
 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost
   
2,714
     
2,347
 
Federal Reserve Bank stock, at cost
   
1,373
     
1,373
 
Loans:
               
Held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value
   
50,944
     
55,094
 
Held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses of $8,519 at September 30, 2018 and $8,420 at December 31, 2017
   
694,278
     
671,095
 
Total loans
   
745,222
     
726,189
 
Other assets acquired through foreclosure, net
   
-
     
372
 
Premises and equipment, net
   
6,207
     
5,581
 
Other assets
   
18,019
     
15,236
 
Total assets
 
$
854,709
   
$
833,315
 
Liabilities:
               
Deposits:
               
Non-interest-bearing demand
 
$
105,580
   
$
108,500
 
Interest-bearing demand
   
267,046
     
256,717
 
Savings
   
14,385
     
14,085
 
Certificates of deposit ($250,000 or more)
   
92,934
     
81,985
 
Other certificates of deposit
   
239,997
     
238,397
 
Total deposits
   
719,942
     
699,684
 
Other borrowings
   
50,000
     
56,843
 
Other liabilities
   
9,210
     
6,718
 
Total liabilities
   
779,152
     
763,245
 
                 
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Common stock — no par value, 60,000,000 shares authorized; 8,274,882 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and 8,193,339 at December 31, 2017
   
43,318
     
42,604
 
Retained earnings
   
32,398
     
27,441
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
   
(159
)
   
25
 
Total stockholders’ equity
   
75,557
     
70,070
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
$
854,709
   
$
833,315
 

See the accompanying notes.

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS (unaudited)

   
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
   
2018
   
2017
   
2018
   
2017
 
Interest income:
 
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
Loans, including fees
 
$
10,612
   
$
9,340
   
$
30,283
   
$
26,570
 
Investment securities and other
   
589
     
355
     
1,307
     
894
 
Total interest income
   
11,201
     
9,695
     
31,590
     
27,464
 
Interest expense:
                               
Deposits
   
2,222
     
1,185
     
5,373
     
2,984
 
Other borrowings
   
351
     
134
     
928
     
294
 
Total interest expense
   
2,573
     
1,319
     
6,301
     
3,278
 
Net interest income
   
8,628
     
8,376
     
25,289
     
24,186
 
Provision (credit) for loan losses
   
(197
)
   
159
     
(224
)
   
423
 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
   
8,825
     
8,217
     
25,513
     
23,763
 
Non-interest income:
                               
Other loan fees
   
379
     
354
     
998
     
999
 
Document processing fees
   
120
     
146
     
367
     
430
 
Service charges
   
113
     
118
     
351
     
326
 
Other
   
29
     
98
     
252
     
299
 
Total non-interest income
   
641
     
716
     
1,968
     
2,054
 
Non-interest expenses:
                               
Salaries and employee benefits
   
4,147
     
3,839
     
12,338
     
11,566
 
Occupancy, net
   
778
     
754
     
2,303
     
2,085
 
Professional services
   
326
     
281
     
931
     
759
 
Data processing
   
201
     
192
     
619
     
525
 
Depreciation
   
199
     
168
     
552
     
519
 
FDIC assessment
   
169
     
172
     
547
     
461
 
Advertising and marketing
   
154
     
137
     
487
     
488
 
Stock based compensation
   
81
     
283
     
284
     
454
 
Other
   
347
     
561
     
1,131
     
1,460
 
Total non-interest expenses
   
6,402
     
6,387
     
19,192
     
18,317
 
Income before provision for income taxes
   
3,064
     
2,546
     
8,289
     
7,500
 
Provision for income taxes
   
695
     
992
     
2,239
     
3,034
 
Net income
 
$
2,369
   
$
1,554
   
$
6,050
   
$
4,466
 
Earnings per share:
                               
Basic
 
$
0.29
   
$
0.19
   
$
0.73
   
$
0.55
 
Diluted
 
$
0.27
   
$
0.18
   
$
0.69
   
$
0.52
 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
                               
Basic
   
8,261
     
8,165
     
8,233
     
8,134
 
Diluted
   
8,761
     
8,598
     
8,724
     
8,569
 
Dividends declared per common share
 
$
0.050
   
$
0.040
   
$
0.140
   
$
0.115
 

See the accompanying notes.

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (unaudited)

   
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
   
2018
   
2017
   
2018
   
2017
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Net income
 
$
2,369
   
$
1,554
   
$
6,050
   
$
4,466
 
Other comprehensive income, net:
                               
Unrealized income (loss) on securities available-for-sale (AFS), net (tax effect of $34, $11, $82 and ($70) for each respective period presented)
   
(48
)
   
(17
)
   
(125
)
   
99
 
Net other comprehensive income (loss)
   
(48
)
   
(17
)
   
(125
)
   
99
 
Comprehensive income
 
$
2,321
   
$
1,537
   
$
5,925
   
$
4,565
 

See the accompanying notes.

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (unaudited)

   
Common Stock
   
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
   
Retained
   
Total
Stockholders'
 
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Income (Loss)
   
Earnings
   
Equity
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Balance, December 31, 2017:
   
8,193
   
$
42,604
   
$
25
   
$
27,441
   
$
70,070
 
Net income
   
     
     
     
6,050
     
6,050
 
Exercise of stock options
   
82
     
430
     
     
     
430
 
Stock based compensation
   
     
284
     
     
     
284
 
Dividends on common stock
   
     
     
     
(1,152
)
   
(1,152
)
Other comprehensive income, net
   
     
     
(125
)
   
     
(125
)
Impact of ASU 2016-01 and 2018-02 as of January 1, 2018
   
     
     
(59
)
   
59
     
 
Balance, September 30, 2018
   
8,275
   
$
43,318
   
$
(159
)
 
$
32,398
   
$
75,557
 

See the accompanying notes.

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)

   
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
   
2018
   
2017
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
           
Net income
 
$
6,050
   
$
4,466
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
               
(Credit) provision for loan losses
   
(224
)
   
423
 
Depreciation
   
552
     
519
 
Stock based compensation
   
284
     
454
 
Deferred income taxes
   
(466
)
   
(714
)
Net accretion of discounts and premiums for investment securities
   
70
     
65
 
Losses/(Gains) on:
               
Sale of repossessed assets, net
   
62
     
(150
)
Loans originated for sale and principal collections, net
   
4,150
     
2,855
 
Changes in:
               
Investment securities held at fair value
   
12
     
 
Other assets
   
(2,464
)
   
(1,222
)
Other liabilities
   
2,570
     
2,338
 
Servicing assets, net
   
67
     
54
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
   
10,663
     
9,088
 
Cash flows from investing activities:
               
Principal pay downs and maturities of available-for-sale securities
   
2,646
     
2,315
 
Purchase of available-for-sale securities
   
     
(9,413
)
Purchase of held-to-maturity securities
   
(794
)
   
 
Principal pay downs and maturities of held-to-maturity securities
   
869
     
796
 
Loan originations and principal collections, net
   
(23,132
)
   
(94,808
)
Purchase of restricted stock, net
   
(367
)
   
(277
)
Purchase of premises and equipment, net
   
(1,178
)
   
(1,720
)
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned and repossessed assets, net
   
484
     
303
 
Net cash used in investing activities
   
(21,472
)
   
(102,804
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
               
Net increase in deposits
   
20,258
     
84,918
 
Net (decrease) increase in borrowings
   
(6,843
)
   
26,843
 
Exercise of stock options
   
430
     
347
 
Cash dividends paid on common stock
   
(1,152
)
   
(936
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
   
12,693
     
111,172
 
Net increase cash and cash equivalents
   
1,884
     
17,456
 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
   
45,869
     
34,116
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
 
$
47,753
   
$
51,572
 
Supplemental disclosure:
               
Cash paid during the period for:
               
Interest
 
$
5,586
   
$
3,118
 
Income taxes
   
2,010
     
2,380
 
Non-cash investing and financing activity:
               
Transfers to other assets acquired through foreclosure, net
   
174
     
502
 

See the accompanying notes.


NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

1.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations

Community West Bancshares (“CWBC”), incorporated under the laws of the state of California, is a bank holding company providing full service banking through its wholly-owned subsidiary Community West Bank, N.A. (“CWB” or the “Bank”). Unless indicated otherwise or unless the context suggests otherwise, these entities are referred to herein collectively and on a consolidated basis as the “Company.”

Basis of Presentation

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and conform to practices within the financial services industry.  The accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiary are included in these Consolidated Financial Statements.  All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.  Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and the fair value of securities available for sale.  Although Management believes these estimates to be reasonably accurate, actual amounts may differ.  In the opinion of Management, all necessary adjustments have been reflected in the financial statements during their preparation.
 
Interim Financial Information
 
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 have been prepared in a condensed format, and therefore do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.  These statements have been prepared on a basis that is substantially consistent with the accounting principles applied to our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
 
The information furnished in these interim statements reflects all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for each respective period presented.  Such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature.  The results of operations in the interim statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other quarter or for the full year.  The interim financial information should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.
 
Reclassifications
 
Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.  The reclassifications have no effect on net income, comprehensive income or stockholders’ equity as previously reported.
 
Loans Held For Sale
 
Loans which are originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value determined on an aggregate basis.  Valuation adjustments, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to lower of cost or fair value provision.  Loans held for sale are mostly comprised of commercial agriculture and SBA.  The Company did not incur any lower of cost or fair value provision in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
 
Loans Held for Investment and Interest and Fees from Loans
 
Loans are recognized at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned income, loan participations and amounts charged off.  Unearned income includes deferred loan origination fees reduced by loan origination costs.  Unearned income on loans is amortized to interest income over the life of the related loan using the level yield method.
 

Interest income on loans is accrued daily using the effective interest method and recognized over the terms of the loans.  Loan fees collected for the origination of loans less direct loan origination costs (net deferred loan fees) are amortized over the contractual life of the loan through interest income.  If the loan has scheduled payments, the amortization of the net deferred loan fee is calculated using the interest method over the contractual life of the loan.  If the loan does not have scheduled payments, such as a line of credit, the net deferred loan fee is recognized as interest income on a straight-line basis over the contractual life of the loan commitment.  Commitment fees based on a percentage of a customer’s unused line of credit and fees related to standby letters of credit are recognized over the commitment period.
 
When loans are repaid, any remaining unamortized balances of unearned fees, deferred fees and costs and premiums and discounts paid on purchased loans are accounted for through interest income.
 
Nonaccrual loans:  For all loan types, when a borrower discontinues making payments as contractually required by the note, the Company must determine whether it is appropriate to continue to accrue interest.  Generally, the Company places loans in a nonaccrual status and ceases recognizing interest income when the loan has become delinquent by more than 90 days or when Management determines that the full repayment of principal and collection of interest is unlikely.  The Company may decide to continue to accrue interest on certain loans more than 90 days delinquent if they are well secured by collateral and in the process of collection.  Other personal loans are typically charged off no later than 120 days delinquent.
 
For all loan types, when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all interest accrued but uncollected is reversed against interest income in the period in which the status is changed.  Subsequent payments received from the customer are applied to principal and no further interest income is recognized until the principal has been paid in full or until circumstances have changed such that payments are again consistently received as contractually required.  The Company occasionally recognizes income on a cash basis for non-accrual loans in which the collection of the remaining principal balance is not in doubt.
 
Impaired loans:  A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information; it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and/or interest payments.  Loans that experience insignificant payment delays or payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired.  Management determines the significance of payment delays or payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis.  When determining the possibility of impairment, management considers the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.  For collateral-dependent loans, the Company uses the fair value of collateral method to measure impairment.  The collateral-dependent loans that recognize impairment are charged down to the fair value less costs to sell.  All other loans are measured for impairment either based on the present value of future cash flows or the loan’s observable market price.
 
Troubled debt restructured loan (“TDR”): A TDR is a loan on which the Company, for reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider.  These concessions include but are not limited to term extensions, rate reductions and principal reductions.  Forgiveness of principal is rarely granted and modifications for all classes of loans are predominately term extensions.  A TDR loan is also considered impaired.  Generally, a loan that is modified at an effective market rate of interest may no longer be disclosed as a troubled debt restructuring in years subsequent to the restructuring if it is not impaired based on the terms specified by the restructuring agreement.
 
Allowance for Loan Losses and Provision for Loan Losses
 
The Company maintains a detailed, systematic analysis and procedural discipline to determine the amount of the allowance for loan losses (“ALL”).  The ALL is based on estimates and is intended to be appropriate to provide for probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio.  This process involves deriving probable loss estimates that are based on migration analysis and historical loss rates, in addition to qualitative factors that are based on management’s judgment.  The migration analysis and historical loss rate calculations are based on the annualized loss rates utilizing a twelve-quarter loss history.  Migration analysis is utilized for the Commercial Real Estate (“CRE”), Commercial, Commercial Agriculture, Small Business Administration (“SBA”), Home Equity Line of Credit (“HELOC”), Single Family Residential, and Consumer portfolios.  The historical loss rate method is utilized primarily for the Manufactured Housing portfolio.  The migration analysis takes into account the risk rating of loans that are charged off in each loan category.  Loans that are considered Doubtful are typically charged off.  The following is a description of the characteristics of loan ratings.  Loan ratings are reviewed as part of our normal loan monitoring process, but, at a minimum, updated on an annual basis.
 
Outstanding – This is the highest quality rating that is assigned to any loan in the portfolio.  These loans are made to the highest quality borrowers with strong financial statements and unquestionable repayment sources.  Collateral securing these types of credits are generally cash deposits in the bank or marketable securities held in custody.
 
Good – Loans rated in this category are strong loans, underwritten well, that bear little risk of loss to the Company.  Loans in this category are loans to quality borrowers with very good financial statements that present an identifiable strong primary source and good secondary source of repayment.  Generally, these credits are well collateralized by good quality and liquid assets or low loan to value market real estate.
 

Pass - Loans rated in this category are acceptable loans, appropriately underwritten, bearing an ordinary risk of loss to the Company.  Loans in this category are loans to quality borrowers with financial statements presenting a good primary source as well as an adequate secondary source of repayment.  In the case of individuals, borrowers with this rating are quality borrowers demonstrating a reasonable level of secure income, a net worth adequate to support the loan and presenting a good primary source as well as an adequate secondary source of repayment.
 
Watch – Acceptable credit that requires a temporary increase in attention by management.  This can be caused by declines in sales, margins, liquidity or working capital.  Generally the elevated risk comes from lack of current financial statements and industry issues.
 
Special Mention - A Special Mention loan has potential weaknesses that require management's close attention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in the institution's credit position at some future date.  Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.
 
Substandard - A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any.  These loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize full collection of amounts due.  They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the borrower’s deficiencies are not corrected.
 
Doubtful - A loan classified Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.  The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors, which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the loan, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined.  Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans.
 
Loss - Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable loans is not warranted.  This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this loan even though partial recovery may be realized in the future.  Losses are taken in the period in which they are considered uncollectible.
 
The Company’s ALL is maintained at a level believed appropriate by management to absorb known and inherent probable losses on existing loans.  The allowance is charged for losses when management believes that full recovery on the loan is unlikely.  The following is the Company’s policy regarding charging off loans.
 
Commercial, CRE and SBA Loans
 
Charge-offs on these loan categories are taken as soon as all or a portion of any loan balance is deemed to be uncollectible.  A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and/or interest payments.  Loans that experience insignificant payment delays or payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Generally, loan balances are charged-down to the fair value of the collateral, if, based on a current assessment of the value, an apparent deficiency exists.  In the event there is no perceived equity, the loan is charged-off in full.  Unsecured loans which are delinquent over 90 days are also charged-off in full.
 
Single Family Real Estate, HELOC’s and Manufactured Housing Loans
 
Consumer loans and residential mortgages secured by one-to-four family residential properties, HELOC and manufactured housing loans in which principal or interest is due and unpaid for 90 days, are evaluated for impairment.  Loan balances are charged-off to the fair value of the property, less estimated selling costs, if, based on a current appraisal, an apparent deficiency exists.  In the event there is no perceived equity, the loan is generally fully charged-off.
 
Consumer Loans
 
All consumer loans (excluding real estate mortgages, HELOCs and savings secured loans) are charged-off or charged-down to net recoverable value before becoming 120 days or five payments delinquent.
 

The ALL calculation for the different loan portfolios is as follows:
 
·
Commercial Real Estate, Commercial, Commercial Agriculture, SBA, HELOC, Single Family Residential, and Consumer – Migration analysis combined with risk rating is used to determine the required ALL for all non-impaired loans.  In addition, the migration results are adjusted based upon qualitative factors that affect the specific portfolio category.  Reserves on impaired loans are determined based upon the individual characteristics of the loan.
·
Manufactured Housing – The ALL is calculated on the basis of loss history and risk rating, which is primarily a function of delinquency.  In addition, the loss results are adjusted based upon qualitative factors that affect this specific portfolio.
 
The Company evaluates and individually assesses for impairment loans classified as substandard or doubtful in addition to loans either on nonaccrual, considered a TDR or when other conditions exist which lead management to review for possible impairment.   Measurement of impairment on impaired loans is determined on a loan-by-loan basis and in total establishes a specific reserve for impaired loans.  The amount of impairment is determined by comparing the recorded investment in each loan with its value measured by one of three methods:
 
·
The expected future cash flows are estimated and then discounted at the effective interest rate.
·
The value of the underlying collateral net of selling costs.  Selling costs are estimated based on industry standards, the Company’s actual experience or actual costs incurred as appropriate.  When evaluating real estate collateral, the Company typically uses appraisals or valuations, no more than twelve months old at time of evaluation.  When evaluating non-real estate collateral securing the loan, the Company will use audited financial statements or appraisals no more than twelve months old at time of evaluation.  Additionally, for both real estate and non-real estate collateral, the Company may use other sources to determine value as deemed appropriate.
·
The loan’s observable market price.
 
Interest income is not recognized on impaired loans except for limited circumstances in which a loan, although impaired, continues to perform in accordance with the loan contract and the borrower provides financial information to support maintaining the loan on accrual.
 
The Company determines the appropriate ALL on a monthly basis.  Any differences between estimated and actual observed losses from the prior month are reflected in the current period in determining the appropriate ALL determination and adjusted as deemed necessary.  The review of the appropriateness of the allowance takes into consideration such factors as concentrations of credit, changes in the growth, size and composition of the loan portfolio, overall and individual portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans, collateral, guarantees and economic and environmental conditions that may affect the borrowers' ability to pay and/or the value of the underlying collateral.  Additional factors considered include: geographic location of borrowers, changes in the Company’s product-specific credit policy and lending staff experience.  These estimates depend on the outcome of future events and, therefore, contain inherent uncertainties.
 
Another component of the ALL considers qualitative factors related to non-impaired loans. The qualitative portion of the allowance on each of the loan pools is based on changes in any of the following factors:
 
·
Concentrations of credit
·
International risk
·
Trends in volume, maturity, and composition of loans
·
Volume and trend in delinquency, nonaccrual, and classified assets
·
Economic conditions
·
Geographic distance
·
Policy and procedures or underwriting standards
·
Staff experience and ability
·
Value of underlying collateral
·
Competition, legal, or regulatory environment
·
Results of outside exams and quality of loan review and Board oversight
 
Off Balance Sheet and Credit Exposure
 
In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into off-balance sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit.  Such financial instruments are recorded in the consolidated financial statements when they are funded.  They involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.  Losses would be experienced when the Company is contractually obligated to make a payment under these instruments and must seek repayment from the borrower, which may not be as financially sound in the current period as they were when the commitment was originally made.  Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract.  Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee.  The Company enters into credit arrangements that generally provide for the termination of advances in the event of a covenant violation or other event of default.  Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.  The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis.  The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the party.  The commitments are collateralized by the same types of assets used as loan collateral.
 

As with outstanding loans, the Company applies qualitative factors to its off-balance sheet obligations in determining an estimate of losses inherent in these contractual obligations.  The estimate for loan losses on off-balance sheet instruments is included within other liabilities and the charge to income that establishes this liability is included in non-interest expense.
 
Foreclosed Real Estate and Repossessed Assets
 
Foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets are recorded at fair value at the time of foreclosure less estimated costs to sell.  Any excess of loan balance over the fair value less estimated costs to sell of the other assets is charged-off against the allowance for loan losses.  Any excess of the fair value less estimated costs to sell over the loan balance is recorded as a loan loss recovery to the extent of the loan loss previously charged-off against the allowance for loan losses; and, if greater, recorded as a gain on foreclosed assets.  Subsequent to the legal ownership date, the Company periodically performs a new valuation and the asset is carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less estimated costs to sell.  Operating expenses or income, and gains or losses on disposition of such properties, are recorded in current operations.
 
Income Taxes
 
The Company uses the asset and liability method, which recognizes an asset or liability representing the tax effects of future deductible or taxable amounts that have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements.  Due to tax regulations, certain items of income and expense are recognized in different periods for tax return purposes than for financial statement reporting.  These items represent “temporary differences.”  Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax effect of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income.  A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized.  Any interest or penalties assessed by the taxing authorities is classified in the financial statements as income tax expense.  Deferred tax assets are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
 
Management evaluates the Company’s deferred tax asset for recoverability using a consistent approach which considers the relative impact of negative and positive evidence, including the Company’s historical profitability and projections of future taxable income.  The Company is required to establish a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and record a charge to income if management determines, based on available evidence at the time the determination is made, that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized.
 
The Company is subject to the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”).  ASC 740 prescribes a more likely than not threshold for the financial statement recognition of uncertain tax positions.  ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.  On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates income tax accruals in accordance with ASC 740 guidance on uncertain tax positions.
 
Earnings Per Share
 
Basic earnings per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period divided into the net income.  Diluted earnings per share include the effect of all dilutive potential common shares for the period.  Potentially dilutive common shares include stock options and warrants.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance codified within ASU 2014-09, “Revenue Recognition - Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which amends the guidance in former Topic 605, Revenue Recognition. The new revenue recognition standard superseded virtually all revenue guidance in U.S. GAAP, including industry specific guidance. The guidance in this Update affects any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets, unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards. ASU 2014-09 is effective for the Company for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. In August 2015, this effective date was extended for the Company to December 15, 2017. This Update allowed for using one of the following two adoption methods: 1) retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or 2) retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying this Update recognized at the date of initial application with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard. Our revenue is comprised of net interest income on financial assets and liabilities, which is explicitly excluded from the scope of the new guidance, and noninterest income. The contracts that are in scope of the guidance are primarily related to service charges on deposit accounts, cardholder income, and other service charge fees. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach.  Since there was no net income impact upon adoption of the new guidance, a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not deemed necessary.  See Note 10 Revenue Recognition for further information.


In January 2016, the FASB issued guidance codified within ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall, Subtopic 825-10: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” which amends certain guidance on classification and measurement of financial instruments. The update is intended to enhance the reporting model for financial instruments to provide users of financial instruments with more decision-useful information and addresses certain aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 is effective for the Company for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company has evaluated the impact of the provisions in this standard on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. The adoption of ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018 did not have material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.  In accordance with the guidance, the Company measured the fair value of its loan portfolio as of March 31, 2018 using an exit price notion (see Note 6 Fair Value Measurement).
 
In February 2016, the FASB amended its standards with respect to the accounting for leases. The amended guidance serves to replace all current U.S. GAAP guidance on this topic and requires that an operating lease be recognized on the statement of financial condition as a “right-to-use” asset along with a corresponding liability representing the rent obligation. Key aspects of current lessor accounting remain unchanged from existing guidance. This standard is expected to result in an increase to assets and liabilities recognized and, therefore, increase risk-weighted assets for regulatory capital purposes. The guidance requires the use of the modified retrospective transition approach for existing leases that have not expired before the date of initial application and will become effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The standard is effective for the Company as of January 1, 2019. The Company is currently implementing lease accounting software to determine how our financial statements will be affected, and we believe the primary effect of adopting the new standard will be to record right-of-use assets and obligations for our leases currently classified as operating leases and does not anticipate these to be significant.

In June of 2016, the FASB issued update guidance codified within ASU-2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which amends the guidance for recognizing credit losses from an “incurred loss” methodology that delays recognition of credit losses until it is probable a loss has been incurred to an expected credit loss methodology. The guidance requires the use of the modified retrospective transition method by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the period in which the guidance is adopted.  The standard is effective for the Company as of January 1, 2020.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the amended guidance and has not yet determined the effect of the standard on its ongoing financial reporting.
 
In March 2017, the FASB issued updated guidance codified within ASU-2017-08, “Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20),” which is intended to enhance the accounting for the amortization of premiums for purchased callable debt securities.  The standard is effective for the Company as of January 1, 2019.  The Company does not believe the standard will have a material impact on the Company’s financials. 

In February 2018, the FASB issued guidance codified within ASU-2018-02, "Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income," to address the income tax accounting treatment of the standard tax effects within other comprehensive income due to the prohibition of backward tracing due to an income tax rate change that was initially recorded in other comprehensive income. This issue came about from the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on December 22, 2017 that changed the Company's income tax rate from 34% to 21%. The ASU changed current accounting whereby an entity may elect to reclassify the standard tax effect from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The ASU is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2018 although early adoption is permitted. The Company elected to early adopt ASU-2018-02 in the first quarter of 2018 and elected to reclassify the income tax effects of the Tax Act from accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") to retained earnings.  The reclassification did not have a material impact to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

2.
INVESTMENT SECURITIES
 
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities are as follows:
  
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
Amortized
Cost
   
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   
Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)
   
Fair
Value
 
Securities available-for-sale
 
(in thousands)
 
U.S. government agency notes
 
$
12,722
   
$
   
$
(202
)
 
$
12,520
 
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMO")
   
13,336
     
28
     
(82
)
   
13,282
 
Total
 
$
26,058
   
$
28
   
$
(284
)
 
$
25,802
 
 
                               
Securities held-to-maturity
                               
U.S. government agency mortgage backed securities ("MBS")
 
$
7,475
   
$
125
   
$
(205
)
 
$
7,395
 
Total
 
$
7,475
   
$
125
   
$
(205
)
 
$
7,395
 
 
Securities measured at fair value
     
Equity securities: Farmer Mac class A stock
 
$
66
   
$
78
   
$
   
$
144
 
Total
 
$
66
   
$
78
   
$
   
$
144
 

       
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
Amortized
Cost
   
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   
Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)
   
Fair
Value
 
Securities available-for-sale
 
(in thousands)
 
U.S. government agency notes
 
$
14,035
   
$
35
   
$
(92
)
 
$
13,978
 
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMO")
   
14,641
     
66
     
(58
)
   
14,649
 
Equity securities: Farmer Mac class A stock
   
66
     
90
     
     
156
 
Total
 
$
28,742
   
$
191
   
$
(150
)
 
$
28,783
 
 
                               
Securities held-to-maturity
                               
U.S. government agency mortgage backed securities ("MBS")
 
$
7,565
   
$
216
   
$
(110
)
 
$
7,671
 
Total
 
$
7,565
   
$
216
   
$
(110
)
 
$
7,671
 
 
At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $33.3 million and $36.2 million of securities at carrying value, respectively, were pledged to the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”), as collateral for current and future advances.
 
The maturity periods and weighted average yields of investment securities at the period ends indicated were as follows:
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
Less than One Year
   
One to Five Years
   
Five to Ten Years
   
Over Ten Years
   
Total
 
 
 
Amount
   
Yield
   
Amount
   
Yield
   
Amount
   
Yield
   
Amount
   
Yield
   
Amount
   
Yield
 
Securities available-for-sale
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
U.S. government agency notes
 
$
1,912
     
2.6
%
 
$
1,411
     
2.3
%
 
$
9,197
     
2.8
%
 
$
     
   
$
12,520
     
2.7
%
U.S. government agency CMO
   
     
     
2,237
     
2.3
%
   
8,158
     
2.5
%
   
2,887
     
3
%
   
13,282
     
2.6
%
Total
 
$
1,912
     
2.6
%
 
$
3,648
     
2.3
%
 
$
17,355
     
2.7
%
 
$
2,887
     
3.0
%
 
$
25,802
     
2.7
%
 
                                                                               
Securities held-to-maturity
                                                                               
U.S. government agency MBS
 
$
     
   
$
1,751
     
4.2
%
 
$
4,927
     
3.3
%
 
$
797
     
3.6
%
 
$
7,475
     
3.6
%
Total
 
$
     
   
$
1,751
     
4.2
%
 
$
4,927
     
3.3
%
 
$
797
     
3.6
%
 
$
7,475
     
3.6
%
                                                                                 
Securities measured at fair value
                                                                               
Farmer Mac class A stock
 
$
     
   
$
     
   
$
     
   
$
     
   
$
144
     
 
Total
 
$
     
   
$
     
   
$
     
   
$
     
   
$
144
     
 
 


 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
Less than One Year
   
One to Five Years
   
Five to Ten Years
   
Over Ten Years
   
Total
 
 
 
Amount
   
Yield
   
Amount
   
Yield
   
Amount
   
Yield
   
Amount
   
Yield
   
Amount
   
Yield
 
Securities available-for-sale
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
U.S. government agency notes
 
$
1,967
     
2.6
%
 
$
1,833
     
1.6
%
 
$
10,178
     
2.0
%
 
$
     
   
$
13,978
     
2.0
%
U.S. government agency CMO
   
     
     
3,362
     
1.9
%
   
8,361
     
1.9
%
   
2,926
     
2.3
%
   
14,649
     
1.9
%
Farmer Mac class A stock
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
156
     
 
Total
 
$
1,967
     
2.6
%
 
$
5,195
     
1.8
%
 
$
18,539
     
1.9
%
 
$
2,926
     
2.3
%
 
$
28,783
     
2.0
%
 
                                                                               
Securities held-to-maturity
                                                                               
U.S. government agency MBS
 
$
     
   
$
2,802
     
3.6
%
 
$
4,763
     
3.1
%
 
$
     
   
$
7,565
     
3.3
%
Total
 
$
     
   
$
2,802
     
3.6
%
 
$
4,763
     
3.1
%
 
$
     
   
$
7,565
     
3.3
%
 

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities by contractual maturities as of the periods presented were as shown below:
 
 
 
September 30,
   
December 31,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
 
 
 
Amortized
Cost
   
Estimated
Fair Value
   
Amortized
Cost
   
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Securities available-for-sale
 
(in thousands)
 
Due in one year or less
 
$
1,997
   
$
1,912
   
$
1,997
   
$
1,967
 
After one year through five years
   
3,687
     
3,648
     
5,220
     
5,195
 
After five years through ten years
   
17,443
     
17,355
     
18,506
     
18,539
 
After ten years
   
2,931
     
2,887
     
2,953
     
2,926
 
Farmer Mac class A stock
   
     
     
66
     
156
 
  Total
 
$
26,058
   
$
25,802
   
$
28,742
   
$
28,783
 
                                 
Securities held-to-maturity
                               
Due in one year or less
 
$
   
$
   
$
   
$
 
After one year through five years
   
1,751
     
1,837
     
2,802
     
2,938
 
After five years through ten years
   
4,927
     
4,775
     
4,763
     
4,733
 
After ten years
   
797
     
783
     
     
 
   Total
 
$
7,475
   
$
7,395
   
$
7,565
   
$
7,671
 
                                 
Securities measured at fair value
                               
Farmer Mac class A stock
 
$
66
   
$
144
   
$
   
$
 
  Total
 
$
66
   
$
144
   
$
   
$
 
 
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers or issuers have the right to prepay or call the investment securities.  Changes in interest rates may also impact prepayments.
 

The following tables show all securities that are in an unrealized loss position:
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
Less Than Twelve Months
   
More Than Twelve Months
   
Total
 
 
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   
Fair
Value
   
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   
Fair
Value
   
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   
Fair
Value
 
Securities available-for-sale
 
(in thousands)
 
U.S. government agency notes
 
$
113
   
$
6,185
   
$
89
   
$
6,335
   
$
202
   
$
12,520
 
U.S. government agency CMO
   
30
     
774
     
52
     
2,629
     
82
     
3,403
 
 Total
 
$
143
   
$
6,959
   
$
141
   
$
8,964
   
$
284
   
$
15,923
 
                                                 
Securities held-to-maturity
                                               
U.S. Government-agency MBS
 
$
31
   
$
2,504
   
$
174
   
$
2,074
   
$
205
   
$
4,578
 
Total
 
$
31
   
$
2,504
   
$
174
   
$
2,074
   
$
205
   
$
4,578
 
                                                 
Securities measured at fair value
                                               
Farmer Mac class A stock
 
$
   
$
   
$
   
$
   
$
   
$
 
Total
 
$
   
$
   
$
   
$
   
$
   
$
 
 


 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
Less Than Twelve Months
   
More Than Twelve Months
   
Total
 
 
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   
Fair
Value
   
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   
Fair
Value
   
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   
Fair
Value
 
Securities available-for-sale
 
(in thousands)
 
U.S. government agency notes
 
$
70
   
$
6,324
   
$
22
   
$
3,106
   
$
92
   
$
9,430
 
U.S. government agency CMO
   
8
     
985
     
50
     
3,430
     
58
     
4,415
 
Equity securities: Farmer Mac class A stock
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
 Total
 
$
78
   
$
7,309
   
$
72
   
$
6,536
   
$
150
   
$
13,845
 
Securities held-to-maturity
                                               
U.S. Government-agency MBS
 
$
   
$
   
$
110
   
$
2,496
   
$
110
   
$
2,496
 
Total
 
$
   
$
   
$
110
   
$
2,496
   
$
110
   
$
2,496
 
 
As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were 19 and 14 securities, respectively, in an unrealized loss position.  Declines in the fair value of held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities below their cost that are deemed to be other-than-temporary are reflected in earnings as realized losses.  In estimating other-than-temporary impairment losses, management considers, among other things (i) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and (iii) the Company’s intent to sell an impaired security and if it is not more likely than not it will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized basis.
 
The unrealized losses are primarily due to increases in market interest rates over the yields available at the time the underlying securities were purchased.  The fair value is expected to recover as the bonds approach their maturity date, repricing date or if market yields for such investments decline.  Management does not believe any of the securities are impaired due to reasons of credit quality.  Accordingly, as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, management believes the impairments detailed in the table above are temporary and no other-than-temporary impairment loss has been realized in the Company’s consolidated income statements. 

3.
LOANS HELD FOR SALE
 
SBA and Agriculture Loans
 
As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had approximately $15.0 million and $18.9 million, respectively, of SBA loans included in loans held for sale.  As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the principal balance of SBA loans serviced for others was $8.0 million and $10.8 million, respectively.
 
The Company’s agricultural lending program includes loans for agricultural land, agricultural operational lines, and agricultural term loans for crops, equipment and livestock.  The primary products are supported by guarantees issued from the USDA, FSA, and the USDA Business and Industry loan program.
 
As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $35.9 million and $36.2 million of USDA loans included in loans held for sale, respectively. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the principal balance of USDA loans serviced for others was $2.0 million. 

4.
LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT
 
The composition of the Company’s loans held for investment loan portfolio follows:
 
 
 
September 30,
   
December 31,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
 
$
240,010
   
$
223,115
 
Commercial real estate
   
353,136
     
354,617
 
Commercial
   
83,328
     
75,282
 
SBA
   
6,131
     
7,424
 
HELOC
   
9,446
     
9,422
 
Single family real estate
   
11,153
     
10,346
 
Consumer
   
73
     
83
 
 
   
703,277
     
680,289
 
Allowance for loan losses
   
(8,519
)
   
(8,420
)
Deferred fees, net
   
(402
)
   
(652
)
Discount on SBA loans
   
(78
)
   
(122
)
Total loans held for investment, net
 
$
694,278
   
$
671,095
 
 
The following table presents the contractual aging of the recorded investment in past due held for investment loans by class of loans:

  
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
Current
   
30-59 Days
Past Due
   
60-89 Days
Past Due
   
Over 90 Days
Past Due
   
Total
Past Due
   
Nonaccrual
   
Total
   
Recorded
Investment
Over 90 Days
and Accruing
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
 
$
239,574
   
$
144
   
$
   
$
   
$
144
   
$
292
   
$
240,010
   
$
 
Commercial real estate:
                                                               
Commercial real estate
   
258,807
     
235
     
     
     
235
     
107
     
259,149
     
 
SBA 504 1st trust deed
   
24,333
     
     
     
     
     
     
24,333
     
 
Land
   
6,070
     
     
     
     
     
     
6,070
     
 
Construction
   
62,257
     
1,327
     
     
     
1,327
     
     
63,584
     
 
Commercial
   
79,141
     
99
     
     
     
99
     
4,088
     
83,328
     
 
SBA
   
5,275
     
     
     
     
     
856
     
6,131
     
 
HELOC
   
9,244
     
     
     
     
     
202
     
9,446
     
 
Single family real estate
   
10,946
     
17
     
     
25
     
42
     
165
     
11,153
     
25
 
Consumer
   
73
     
     
     
     
     
     
73
     
 
Total
 
$
695,720
   
$
1,822
   
$
   
$
25
   
$
1,847
   
$
5,710
   
$
703,277
   
$
25
 


  
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
Current
   
30-59 Days
Past Due
   
60-89 Days
Past Due
   
Over 90 Days
Past Due
   
Total
Past Due
   
Nonaccrual
   
Total
   
Recorded
Investment
Over 90 Days
and Accruing
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
 
$
222,342
   
$
355
   
$
   
$
   
$
355
   
$
418
   
$
223,115
   
$
 
Commercial real estate:
                                                               
Commercial real estate
   
271,134
     
     
     
     
     
122
     
271,256
     
 
SBA 504 1st trust deed
   
26,463
     
     
     
     
     
184
     
26,647
     
 
Land
   
5,092
     
     
     
     
     
     
5,092
     
 
Construction
   
51,622
     
     
     
     
     
     
51,622
     
 
Commercial
   
70,481
     
15
     
     
     
15
     
4,786
     
75,282
     
 
SBA
   
6,461
     
19
     
     
     
19
     
944
     
7,424
     
 
HELOC
   
9,208
     
     
     
     
     
214
     
9,422
     
 
Single family real estate
   
10,170
     
     
     
     
     
176
     
10,346
     
 
Consumer
   
83
     
     
     
     
     
     
83
     
 
Total
 
$
673,056
   
$
389
   
$
   
$
   
$
389
   
$
6,844
   
$
680,289
   
$
 
 

Allowance for Loan Losses
 
The following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
   
2018
   
2017
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Beginning balance
 
$
8,622
   
$
7,994
   
$
8,420
   
$
7,464
 
Charge-offs
   
     
(33
)
   
(6
)
   
(203
)
Recoveries
   
94
     
192
     
329
     
628
 
Net recoveries
   
94
     
159
     
323
     
425
 
Provision (credit)
   
(197
)
   
159
     
(224
)
   
423
 
Ending balance
 
$
8,519
   
$
8,312
   
$
8,519
   
$
8,312
 

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had reserves for credit losses on undisbursed loans of $80,000 and $95,000, respectively, which were included in other liabilities.
 
The following tables summarize the changes in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio type:
 
 
 
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
Manufactured
Housing
   
Commercial
Real Estate
   
Commercial
   
SBA
   
HELOC
   
Single Family
Real Estate
   
Consumer
   
Total
 
2018
 
(in thousands)
 
Beginning balance
 
$
2,145
   
$
5,007
   
$
1,221
   
$
57
   
$
93
   
$
99
   
$
   
$
8,622
 
Charge-offs
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Recoveries
   
6
     
     
19
     
34
     
35
     
     
     
94
 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries
   
6
     
     
19
     
34
     
35
     
     
     
94
 
Provision (credit)
   
17
     
(134
)
   
4
     
(38
)
   
(36
)
   
(10
)
   
     
(197
)
Ending balance
 
$
2,168
   
$
4,873
   
$
1,244
   
$
53
   
$
92
   
$
89
   
$
   
$
8,519
 
 
                                                               
2017
                                                               
Beginning balance
 
$
2,124
   
$
4,332
   
$
1,262
   
$
91
   
$
98
   
$
87
   
$
   
$
7,994
 
Charge-offs
   
     
     
     
     
     
(33
)
   
     
(33
)
Recoveries
   
38
     
     
43
     
104
     
7
     
     
     
192
 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries
   
38
     
     
43
     
104
     
7
     
(33
)
   
     
159
 
Provision (credit)
   
(15
)
   
359
     
(100
)
   
(108
)
   
(11
)
   
34
     
     
159
 
Ending balance
 
$
2,147
   
$
4,691
   
$
1,205
   
$
87
   
$
94
   
$
88
   
$
   
$
8,312
 
 


 
 
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
Manufactured
Housing
   
Commercial
Real Estate
   
Commercial
   
SBA
   
HELOC
   
Single Family
Real Estate
   
Consumer
   
Total
 
2018
 
(in thousands)
 
Beginning balance
 
$
2,180
   
$
4,844
   
$
1,133
   
$
73
   
$
92
   
$
98
   
$
   
$
8,420
 
Charge-offs
   
(6
)
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
(6
)
Recoveries
   
114
     
15
     
43
     
102
     
54
     
1
     
     
329
 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries
   
108
     
15
     
43
     
102
     
54
     
1
     
     
323
 
Provision (credit)
   
(120
)
   
14
     
68
     
(122
)
   
(54
)
   
(10
)
   
     
(224
)
Ending balance
 
$
2,168
   
$
4,873
   
$
1,244
   
$
53
   
$
92
   
$
89
   
$
   
$
8,519
 
 
                                                               
2017
                                                               
Beginning balance
 
$
2,201
   
$
3,707
   
$
1,241
   
$
106
   
$
100
   
$
109
   
$
   
$
7,464
 
Charge-offs
   
(119
)
   
     
     
(30
)
   
     
(54
)
   
     
(203
)
Recoveries
   
105
     
227
     
116
     
168
     
11
     
1
     
     
628
 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries
   
(14
)
   
227
     
116
     
138
     
11
     
(53
)
   
     
425
 
Provision (credit)
   
(40
)
   
757
     
(152
)
   
(157
)
   
(17
)
   
32
     
     
423
 
Ending balance
 
$
2,147
   
$
4,691
   
$
1,205
   
$
87
   
$
94
   
$
88
   
$
   
$
8,312
 



The following tables present impairment method information related to loans and allowance for loan losses by loan portfolio segment:
 
 
 
Manufactured
Housing
   
Commercial
Real Estate
   
Commercial
   
SBA
   
HELOC
   
Single Family
Real Estate
   
Consumer
   
Total
Loans
 
Loans Held for Investment as of September 30, 2018:
 
(in thousands)
 
Recorded Investment:
                                               
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded
 
$
5,906
   
$
245
   
$
219
   
$
1
   
$
   
$
282
   
$
   
$
6,653
 
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded
   
2,330
     
107
     
6,978
     
865
     
203
     
1,980
     
     
12,463
 
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment
   
8,236
     
352
     
7,197
     
866
     
203
     
2,262
     
     
19,116
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
   
231,774
     
352,784
     
76,131
     
5,265
     
9,243
     
8,891
     
73
     
684,161
 
Total loans held for investment
 
$
240,010
   
$
353,136
   
$
83,328
   
$
6,131
   
$
9,446
   
$
11,153
   
$
73
   
$
703,277
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
                                                               
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded
 
$
5,906
   
$
245
   
$
219
   
$
20
   
$
   
$
282
   
$
   
$
6,672
 
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded
   
3,520
     
162
     
7,082
     
1,470
     
249
     
2,030
     
     
14,513
 
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment
   
9,426
     
407
     
7,301
     
1,490
     
249
     
2,312
     
     
21,185
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
   
231,774
     
352,784
     
76,131
     
5,265
     
9,243
     
8,891
     
73
     
684,161
 
Total loans held for investment
 
$
241,200
   
$
353,191
   
$
83,432
   
$
6,755
   
$
9,492
   
$
11,203
   
$
73
   
$
705,346
 
Related Allowance for Credit Losses
                                                               
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded
 
$
429
   
$
9
   
$
1
   
$
   
$
   
$
20
   
$
   
$
459
 
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment
   
429
     
9
     
1
     
     
     
20
     
     
459
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
   
1,739
     
4,864
     
1,243
     
53
     
92
     
69
     
     
8,060
 
Total loans held for investment
 
$
2,168
   
$
4,873
   
$
1,244
   
$
53
   
$
92
   
$
89
   
$
   
$
8,519
 

 
 
 
Manufactured
Housing
   
Commercial
Real Estate
   
Commercial
   
SBA
   
HELOC
   
Single Family
Real Estate
   
Consumer
   
Total
Loans
 
Loans Held for Investment as of December 31, 2017:
 
(in thousands)
 
Recorded Investment:
                                               
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded
 
$
5,830
   
$
557
   
$
3,551
   
$
281
   
$
   
$
2,133
   
$
   
$
12,352
 
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded
   
2,163
     
     
5,023
     
699
     
214
     
176
     
     
8,275
 
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment
   
7,993
     
557
     
8,574
     
980
     
214
     
2,309
     
     
20,627
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
   
215,122
     
354,060
     
66,708
     
6,444
     
9,208
     
8,037
     
83
     
659,662
 
Total loans held for investment
 
$
223,115
   
$
354,617
   
$
75,282
   
$
7,424
   
$
9,422
   
$
10,346
   
$
83
   
$
680,289
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
                                                               
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded
 
$
5,836
   
$
661
   
$
3,551
   
$
281
   
$
   
$
2,133
   
$
   
$
12,462
 
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded
   
3,328
     
     
5,042
     
1,026
     
249
     
220
     
     
9,865
 
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment
   
9,164
     
661
     
8,593
     
1,307
     
249
     
2,353
     
     
22,327
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
   
215,122
     
354,060
     
66,708
     
6,444
     
9,208
     
8,037
     
83
     
659,662
 
Total loans held for investment
 
$
224,286
   
$
354,721
   
$
75,301
   
$
7,751
   
$
9,457
   
$
10,390
   
$
83
   
$
681,989
 
Related Allowance for Credit Losses
                                                               
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded
 
$
427
   
$
11
   
$
50
   
$
1
   
$
   
$
35
   
$
   
$
524
 
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment
   
427
     
11
     
50
     
1
     
     
35
     
     
524
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
   
1,753
     
4,833
     
1,083
     
72
     
92
     
63
     
     
7,896
 
Total loans held for investment
 
$
2,180
   
$
4,844
   
$
1,133
   
$
73
   
$
92
   
$
98
   
$
   
$
8,420
 
 
Included in impaired loans are $2.4 million and $2.6 million of loans guaranteed by government agencies at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.  A valuation allowance is established for an impaired loan when the fair value of the loan is less than the recorded investment.  In certain cases, portions of impaired loans are charged-off to realizable value instead of establishing a valuation allowance and are included, when applicable in the table below as “Impaired loans without specific valuation allowance under ASC 310.”  The valuation allowance disclosed above is included in the allowance for loan losses reported in the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
 
The table below reflects recorded investment in loans classified as impaired:
 
 
 
September 30,
   
December 31,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Impaired loans with a specific valuation allowance under ASC 310
 
$
6,653
   
$
12,352
 
Impaired loans without a specific valuation allowance under ASC 310
   
12,463
     
8,275
 
Total impaired loans
 
$
19,116
   
$
20,627
 
Valuation allowance related to impaired loans
 
$
459
   
$
524
 
 

The following table summarizes impaired loans by class of loans:
 
 
 
September 30,
   
December 31,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
 
$
8,236
   
$
7,993
 
Commercial real estate :
               
Commercial real estate
   
107
     
122
 
SBA 504 1st trust deed
   
245
     
435
 
Land
   
     
 
Construction
   
     
 
Commercial
   
7,197
     
8,574
 
SBA
   
866
     
980
 
HELOC
   
203
     
214
 
Single family real estate
   
2,262
     
2,309
 
Consumer
   
     
 
Total
 
$
19,116
   
$
20,627
 
 

The following tables summarize average investment in impaired loans by class of loans and the related interest income recognized:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
 
 
 
Average Investment
in Impaired Loans
   
Interest
Income
   
Average Investment
in Impaired Loans
   
Interest
Income
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
 
$
8,175
   
$
162
   
$
7,483
   
$
174
 
Commercial real estate:
                               
Commercial real estate
   
111
     
     
120
     
1
 
SBA 504 1st trust deed
   
407
     
5
     
402
     
5
 
Land
   
     
     
     
 
Construction
   
     
     
     
 
Commercial
   
7,444
     
47
     
4,789
     
54
 
SBA
   
902
     
17
     
662
     
1
 
HELOC
   
203
     
11
     
214
     
 
Single family real estate
   
2,223
     
27
     
1,951
     
25
 
Consumer
   
     
     
     
 
Total
 
$
19,465
   
$
269
   
$
15,621
   
$
260
 
 

 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
 
 
 
Average Investment
in Impaired Loans
   
Interest
Income
   
Average Investment
in Impaired Loans
   
Interest
Income
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
 
$
8,226
   
$
497
   
$
7,634
   
$
488
 
Commercial real estate:
                               
Commercial real estate
   
116
     
     
123
     
1
 
SBA 504 1st trust deed
   
378
     
14
     
523
     
15
 
Land
   
     
     
     
 
Construction
   
     
     
     
 
Commercial
   
7,737
     
145
     
4,486
     
155
 
SBA
   
921
     
18
     
767
     
3
 
HELOC
   
207
     
12
     
273
     
 
Single family real estate
   
2,276
     
81
     
1,973
     
75
 
Consumer
   
     
     
     
 
Total
 
$
19,861
   
$
767
   
$
15,779
   
$
737
 

The Company is not committed to lend additional funds on these impaired loans.
 

The following table reflects the recorded investment in certain types of loans at the periods indicated:
 
 
 
September 30,
   
December 31,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Nonaccrual loans
 
$
5,710
   
$
6,844
 
Government guaranteed portion of loans included above
 
$
1,955
   
$
2,372
 
 
               
Troubled debt restructured loans, gross
 
$
17,644
   
$
16,603
 
Loans 30 through 89 days past due with interest accruing
 
$
1,822
   
$
389
 
Loans 90 days or more past due with interest accruing
 
$
25
   
$
 
Allowance for loan losses to gross loans held for investment
   
1.21
%
   
1.24
%
 
The accrual of interest is discontinued when substantial doubt exists as to collectability of the loan; generally at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent.  Any unpaid but accrued interest is reversed at that time.  Thereafter, interest income is no longer recognized on the loan.  Interest income may be recognized on impaired loans to the extent they are not past due by 90 days.  Interest on nonaccrual loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual.  Loans are returned to accrual status when all of the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.  Foregone interest on nonaccrual and TDR loans for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $0.1 million.  Foregone interest on nonaccrual and TDR loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $0.3 million.
 

The following table presents the composition of nonaccrual loans by class of loans:
 
 
 
September 30,
   
December 31,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
 
$
292
   
$
418
 
Commercial real estate:
               
Commercial real estate
   
107
     
122
 
SBA 504 1st trust deed
   
     
184
 
Land
   
     
 
Construction
   
     
 
Commercial
   
4,088
     
4,786
 
SBA
   
856
     
944
 
HELOC
   
202
     
214
 
Single family real estate
   
165
     
176
 
Consumer
   
     
 
Total
 
$
5,710
   
$
6,844
 
 
Included in nonaccrual loans are $2.0 million of loans guaranteed by government agencies at September 30, 2018 and $2.4 million at December 31, 2017.
 
The guaranteed portion of each SBA loan is repurchased from investors when those loans become past due 120 days by either CWB or the SBA directly.  After the foreclosure and collection process is complete, the principal balance of loans repurchased by CWB are reimbursed by the SBA.  Although these balances do not earn interest during this period, they generally do not result in a loss of principal to CWB; therefore a repurchase reserve has not been established related to these loans.
 
The Company utilizes an internal asset classification system as a means of reporting problem and potential problem loans.  Under the Company’s risk rating system, the Company classifies problem and potential problem loans as “Special Mention,” “Substandard,” “Doubtful” and “Loss”.  For a detailed discussion on these risk classifications see “Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Allowance for Loan Losses and Provision for Loan Losses”.   Loans that do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention are deemed to be Special Mention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in the institution's credit position at some future date.  Special Mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.  Risk ratings are updated as part of our normal loan monitoring process, at a minimum, annually.
 
The following tables present gross loans by risk rating:
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
Pass
   
Special Mention
   
Substandard
   
Doubtful
   
Total
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
 
$
239,459
   
$
   
$
551
   
$
   
$
240,010
 
Commercial real estate:
                                       
Commercial real estate
   
259,042
     
     
107
     
     
259,149
 
SBA 504 1st trust deed
   
23,854
     
     
479
     
     
24,333
 
Land
   
6,070
     
     
     
     
6,070
 
Construction
   
62,257
     
1,327
     
     
     
63,584
 
Commercial
   
75,838
     
350
     
5,655
     
     
81,843
 
SBA
   
4,474
     
44
     
374
     
     
4,892
 
HELOC
   
9,243
     
     
203
     
     
9,446
 
Single family real estate
   
10,983
     
     
170
     
     
11,153
 
Consumer
   
73
     
     
     
     
73
 
Total, net
   
691,293
     
1,721
     
7,539
     
     
700,553
 
Government guarantee
   
     
     
2,724
     
     
2,724
 
Total
 
$
691,293
   
$
1,721
   
$
10,263
   
$
   
$
703,277
 
 

 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
Pass
   
Special Mention
   
Substandard
   
Doubtful
   
Total
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
 
$
222,429
   
$
   
$
686
   
$
   
$
223,115
 
Commercial real estate:
                                       
Commercial real estate
   
271,134
     
     
122
     
     
271,256
 
SBA 504 1st trust deed
   
25,973
     
     
674
     
     
26,647
 
Land
   
5,092
     
     
     
     
5,092
 
Construction
   
49,832
     
1,790
     
     
     
51,622
 
Commercial
   
64,543
     
817
     
8,083
     
     
73,443
 
SBA
   
4,221
     
102
     
1,752
             
6,075
 
HELOC
   
9,208
     
     
214
     
     
9,422
 
Single family real estate
   
10,165
     
     
181
     
     
10,346
 
Consumer
   
83
     
     
     
     
83
 
Total, net
   
662,680
     
2,709
     
11,712
   
$
     
677,101
 
Government guarantee
   
     
     
3,188
     
     
3,188
 
Total
 
$
662,680
   
$
2,709
   
$
14,900
   
$
   
$
680,289
 
 
Troubled Debt Restructured Loan (TDR)
 
A TDR is a loan on which the bank, for reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the bank would not otherwise consider.  The loan terms that have been modified or restructured due to a borrower’s financial situation include, but are not limited to, a reduction in the stated interest rate, an extension of the maturity or renewal of the loan at an interest rate below current market, a reduction in the face amount of the debt, a reduction in the accrued interest, extensions, deferrals, renewals and rewrites.  The majority of the bank’s modifications are extensions in terms or deferral of payments which result in no lost principal or interest followed by reductions in interest rates or accrued interest.  A TDR is also considered impaired.  Generally, a loan that is modified at an effective market rate of interest may no longer be disclosed as a troubled debt restructuring in years subsequent to the restructuring if it is not impaired based on the terms specified by the restructuring agreement.
 

The following tables summarize the financial effects of TDR loans by loan class for the periods presented:
 
 
 
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
Number
of Loans
   
Pre-
Modification
Recorded Investment
   
Post
Modification
Recorded Investment
   
Balance of
Loans with
Rate Reduction
   
Balance of
Loans with
Term Extension
   
Effect on
Allowance for
Loan Losses
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
   
2
   
$
   
$
166
   
$
53
   
$
166
   
$
3
 
Total
   
2
   
$
   
$
166
   
$
53
   
$
166
   
$
3
 
 

 
 
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
 
 
 
Number
of Loans
   
Pre-
Modification
Recorded Investment
   
Post
Modification
Recorded Investment
   
Balance of
Loans with
Rate Reduction
   
Balance of
Loans with
Term Extension
   
Effect on
Allowance for
Loan Losses
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
   
12
   
$
1,047
   
$
1,213
   
$
1,100
   
$
1,213
   
$
66
 
Commercial
   
3
     
1,781
     
1,781
     
     
1,781
     
 
Total
   
15
   
$
2,828
   
$
2,994
   
$
1,100
   
$
2,994
   
$
66
 


 
 
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
Number
of Loans
   
Pre-
Modification
Recorded Investment
   
Post
Modification
Recorded Investment
   
Balance of
Loans with
Rate Reduction
   
Balance of
Loans with
Term Extension
   
Effect on
Allowance for
Loan Losses
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
   
2
   
$
363
   
$
363
   
$
363
   
$
363
   
$
24
 
Commercial
   
1
     
14
     
14
     
-
     
14
     
-
 
Total
   
3
   
$
377
   
$
377
   
$
363
   
$
377
   
$
24
 


 
 
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
 
 
 
Number
of Loans
   
Pre-
Modification
Recorded Investment
   
Post
Modification
Recorded Investment
   
Balance of
Loans with
Rate Reduction
   
Balance of
Loans with
Term Extension
   
Effect on
Allowance for
Loan Losses
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
   
9
   
$
807
   
$
807
   
$
807
   
$
807
   
$
45
 
Commercial
   
2
   
$
102
   
$
102
   
$
   
$
102
   
$
2
 
SBA
   
1
   
$
17
   
$
17
   
$
   
$
17
   
$
1
 
Total
   
12
   
$
926
   
$
926
   
$
807
   
$
926
   
$
48
 

The average rate concessions were 50 basis points and 73 basis points, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 100 basis points and 97 basis points for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.  The average term extension in months was 180 and 151 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 126 and 138 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.
 
A TDR loan is deemed to have a payment default when the borrower fails to make - consecutive payments or the collateral is transferred to repossessed assets.  The Company had no TDR’s with payment defaults for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017.
 
At September 30, 2018 there were no material loan commitments outstanding on TDR loans. 

5.
OTHER ASSETS ACQUIRED THROUGH FORECLOSURE
 
The following table summarizes the changes in other assets acquired through foreclosure:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
   
2018
   
2017
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
213
   
$
362
   
$
372
   
$
137
 
Additions
   
     
132
     
174
     
502
 
Proceeds from dispositions
   
(213
)
   
(60
)
   
(484
)
   
(303
)
(Loss) gain on sales, net
   
     
52
     
(62
)
   
150
 
Balance, end of period
 
$
   
$
486
   
$
   
$
486
 

6.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
 
The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities.  FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”) established a framework for measuring fair value using a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurement.  The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset as of the measurement date.  ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available.  Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company.  Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would consider in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.  The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs, as follows:


Level 1— Observable quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2— Observable quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, matrix pricing or model-based valuation techniques where all significant assumptions are observable, either directly or indirectly in the market.

Level 3— Model-based techniques where all significant assumptions are not observable, either directly or indirectly, in the market.  These unobservable assumptions reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.  Valuation techniques may include use of discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

The availability of observable inputs varies based on the nature of the specific financial instrument.  To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment.  Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3.  In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy.  In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
 
Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant who holds the asset or owes the liability rather than an entity-specific measure.  When market assumptions are available, ASC 820 requires the Company to make assumptions regarding the assumptions that market participants would use to estimate the fair value of the financial instrument at the measurement date.
 
FASB ASC 825, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”) requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate that value.
 
Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique.  Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sales transaction at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.  The estimated fair value amounts for September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 have been measured as of period-end, and have not been reevaluated or updated for purposes of these consolidated financial statements subsequent to those dates.  As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the reporting date may be different than the amounts reported at the period-end.
 
This information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is only required for a limited portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities.
 

Due to the wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimate, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies or banks may not be meaningful.
 
The following tables summarize the fair value of assets measured on a recurring basis:
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using:
       
September 30, 2018
 
Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
   
Fair
Value
 
Assets:
 
(in thousands)
 
Investment securities available-for-sale
 
$
144
   
$
25,802
   
$
   
$
25,946
 
Interest only strips
   
     
     
62
     
62
 
Servicing assets
   
     
     
56
     
56
 
 
 
$
144
   
$
25,802
   
$
118
   
$
26,064
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using:
       
December 31, 2017
 
Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
   
Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
   
Fair
Value
 
Assets:
 
(in thousands)
 
Investment securities available-for-sale
 
$
156
   
$
28,627
   
$
   
$
28,783
 
Interest only strips
   
     
     
87
     
87
 
Servicing assets
   
     
     
97
     
97
 
 
 
$
156
   
$
28,627
   
$
184
   
$
28,967
 
 
Market valuations of our investment securities which are classified as level 2 are provided by an independent third party.  The fair values are determined by using several sources for valuing fixed income securities.  Their techniques include pricing models that vary based on the type of asset being valued and incorporate available trade, bid and other market information.  In accordance with the fair value hierarchy, the market valuation sources include observable market inputs and are therefore considered Level 2 inputs for purposes of determining the fair values.
 
On certain SBA loan sales, the Company retained interest only strip assets (‘I/O strips”) which represent the present value of excess net cash flows generated by the difference between (a) interest at the stated rate paid by borrowers and (b) the sum of (i) pass-through interest paid to third-party investors and (ii) contractual servicing fees.  I/O strips are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.  The fair value is determined on a quarterly basis through a discounted cash flow analysis prepared by an independent third party using industry prepayment speeds.  I/O strip valuation adjustments are recorded as additions or offsets to loan servicing income.
 
Historically, the Company has elected to use the amortizing method for the treatment of servicing assets and has measured for impairment on a quarterly basis through a discounted cash flow analysis prepared by an independent third party using industry prepayment speeds.  In connection with the sale of certain SBA and USDA loans the Company recorded servicing assets and elected to measure those assets at fair value in accordance with ASC 825-10.  Significant assumptions in the valuation of servicing assets include estimated loan repayment rates, the discount rate, and servicing costs, among others.  Servicing assets are classified as Level 3 measurements due to the use of significant unobservable inputs, as well as significant management judgment and estimation.
 
The Company also has assets that under certain conditions are subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis.  These assets include loans held for sale, foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets and certain loans that are considered impaired per generally accepted accounting principles.
 

The following summarizes the fair value measurements of assets measured on a non-recurring basis:
 
 
       
Fair Value Measurements at the End of the
Reporting Period Using:
 
 
 
Total
   
Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Active Markets
for Similar Assets
(Level 2)
   
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
September 30, 2018:
                       
Impaired loans
 
$
4,746
   
$
   
$
4,746
   
$
 
Loans held for sale
   
51,558
     
     
51,558
     
 
Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets
   
     
     
     
 
 
 
$
56,304
   
$
   
$
56,304
   
$
 

         
Fair Value Measurements at the End of the
Reporting Period Using:
 
   
Total
   
Quoted Prices in Active
Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   
Active Markets
for Similar Assets
(Level 2)
   
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
   
(in thousands)
 
December 31, 2017:
                       
Impaired loans
 
$
6,323
   
$
   
$
6,323
   
$
 
Loans held for sale
   
56,222
     
     
56,222
     
 
Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets
   
372
     
     
372
     
 
 
 
$
62,917
     
     
62,917
     
 
 
The Company records certain loans at fair value on a non-recurring basis.  When a loan is considered impaired an allowance for a loan loss is established.  The fair value measurement and disclosure requirement applies to loans measured for impairment using the practical expedients method permitted by accounting guidance for impaired loans.  Impaired loans are measured at an observable market price, if available or at the fair value of the loan’s collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent.  The fair value of the loan’s collateral is determined by appraisals or independent valuation.  When the fair value of the loan’s collateral is based on an observable market price or current appraised value, given the current real estate markets, the appraisals may contain a wide range of values and accordingly, the Company classifies the fair value of the impaired loans as a non-recurring valuation within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.  For loans in which impairment is determined based on the net present value of cash flows, the Company classifies these as a non-recurring valuation within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
 
Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets are carried at the lower of book value or fair value less estimated costs to sell.  Fair value is based upon independent market prices obtained from certified appraisers or the current listing price, if lower.  When the fair value of the collateral is based on a current appraised value, the Company reports the fair value of the foreclosed collateral as non-recurring Level 2.  When a current appraised value is not available or if management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired, the Company reports the foreclosed collateral as non-recurring Level 3.
 

FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
The estimated fair values of financial instruments have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies.  However, considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to develop estimates of fair value.  Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange.  The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

The estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
Carrying
   
Fair Value
 
 
 
Amount
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
Financial assets:
 
(in thousands)
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
47,753
   
$
47,753
   
$
   
$
   
$
47,753
 
FRB and FHLB stock
   
4,087
     
     
4,087
     
     
4,087
 
Investment securities
   
33,421
     
144
     
33,197
     
     
33,341
 
Loans, net
   
745,222
     
     
725,139
     
14,076
     
739,215
 
Financial liabilities:
                                       
Deposits
   
719,942
     
     
701,534
     
     
701,534
 
Other borrowings
   
50,000
     
     
49,799
     
     
49,799
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
Carrying
   
Fair Value
 
 
 
Amount
   
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
Financial assets:
 
(in thousands)
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
45,869
   
$
45,869
   
$
   
$
   
$
45,869
 
FRB and FHLB stock
   
3,720
     
     
3,720
     
     
3,720
 
Investment securities
   
36,348
     
156
     
36,298
     
     
36,454
 
Loans, net
   
726,189
     
     
705,723
     
13,779
     
719,502
 
Financial liabilities:
                                       
Deposits
   
699,684
     
     
699,211
     
     
699,211
 
Other borrowings
   
56,843
     
     
56,842
     
     
56,842
 
 
The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value of its financial instruments:
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and due from banks approximate their fair value.
 
Money market investments
 
The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for money market investments approximate their fair value.
 
Investment securities
 
The fair value of Farmer Mac class A stock is based on quoted market prices and are categorized as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
 
The fair value of other investment securities were determined based on matrix pricing.  Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique that utilizes observable market inputs including, for example, yield curves, credit ratings and prepayment speeds.  Fair values determined using matrix pricing are generally categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
 
Federal Reserve Stock and Federal Home Loan Bank Stock
 
CWB is a member of the FHLB system and maintains an investment in capital stock of the FHLB.  CWB also maintains an investment in capital stock of the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”).  These investments are carried at cost since no ready market exists for them, and they have no quoted market value.  The Company conducts a periodic review and evaluation of our FHLB stock to determine if any impairment exists.  The fair values have been categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
 
Loans Held for Sale
 
Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value.  The fair value of loans held for sale is based on what secondary markets are currently offering for portfolios with similar characteristics or based on the agreed-upon sale price.  As such, the Company classifies the fair value of loans held for sale as a non-recurring valuation within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.  At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had loans held for sale with an aggregate carrying value of $50.9 million and $55.1 million respectively.
 

Loans
 
Fair value of loans is estimated by calculating loan level fair values for all loans utilizing a discounted cash flow methodology incorporating “exit pricing” analytics in conformance with ASU 2016-01.  All active loans were valued in the portfolio as of date of exercise, excluding any loans held for sale, and utilized assumptions such as probability of default, loss given default, recovery delay and prepayment assumptions.  Fair value was calculated in accordance with ASC 820.  The fair value for loans is categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.  Fair values of impaired loans using a discounted cash flow method to measure impairment have been categorized as Level 3.
 
Deposits
 
The amount payable at demand at report date is used to estimate the fair value of demand and savings deposits. The estimated fair values of fixed-rate time deposits are determined by discounting the cash flows of segments of deposits that have similar maturities and rates, utilizing a discount rate that approximates the prevailing rates offered to depositors as of the measurement date.  The fair value measurement of deposit liabilities is categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings
 
The fair values of the Company’s borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on the market rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.  The FHLB advances have been categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
 
Off-balance sheet instruments
 
Fair values for the Company’s off-balance sheet instruments (lending commitments and standby letters of credit) are based on quoted fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing.
 
There were no standby letters of credit outstanding at September 30, 2018 or at December 31, 2017.  Unfunded loan commitments at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $61.6 million and $68.8 million, respectively. 

7.
OTHER BORROWINGS
 
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances – The Company through the bank has a blanket lien credit line with the FHLB.  FHLB advances are collateralized in the aggregate by CWB’s eligible loans and securities.  Total FHLB advances were $47.0 million and $50.0 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, borrowed at fixed rates.  The Company also had $125.0 million of letters of credit with FHLB at September 30, 2018 to secure public funds.  At September 30, 2018, CWB had pledged to the FHLB, $33.3 million of securities and $239.0 million of loans.  At September 30, 2018, CWB had $70.2 million available for additional borrowing.  At December 31, 2017, CWB had pledged to the FHLB, $36.2 million of securities and $235.4 million of loans.  At December 31, 2017, CWB had $56.8 million available for additional borrowing.  Total FHLB interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively.  Total FHLB interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $0.7 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
 
Federal Reserve Bank – The Company has established a credit line with the FRB.  Advances are collateralized in the aggregate by eligible loans for up to 28 days.  There were no outstanding FRB advances as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.  Available borrowing capacity was $105.1 million and $104.3 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
 
Federal Funds Purchased Lines The Company has federal funds borrowing lines at correspondent banks totaling $20.0 million.    There was no amount outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
 
Line of Credit - In July of 2017, the Company entered into a one-year revolving line of credit agreement for up to $15.0 million.  The Company must maintain a compensating deposit with the lender of 25% of the outstanding principal balance in a non-interest-bearing deposit account which was $0.8 million at September 30, 2018.  In addition, the Company must maintain a minimum debt service coverage ratio of 1.65, a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 7.0% and a minimum total risked based capital ratio of 10.0%.  At September 30, 2018, the line of credit balance was $3.0 million at a rate of 5.85%. 

8.
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
The following table summarizes the changes in other comprehensive income (loss) by component, net of tax for the period indicated:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
   
2018
   
2017
 
 
 
Unrealized holding
gains (losses) on AFS
   
Unrealized holding
gains (losses) on AFS
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Beginning balance
 
$
(111
)
 
$
87
   
$
25
   
$
(29
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
   
(48
)
   
(17
)
   
(125
)
   
99
 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
   
     
     
(59
)
   
 
Net current-period other comprehensive income
   
(48
)
   
(17
)
   
(184
)
   
99
 
Ending Balance
 
$
(159
)
 
$
70
   
$
(159
)
 
$
70
 
 
The adoption of ASU-2018-02 during the first quarter of 2018 created a $6,000 reclassification within accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings.  The Company also recorded a $53,000 adjustment during the first quarter of 2018 from AOCI to retained earnings on adoption of ASU 2016-01.

Common Stock
 
On August 24, 2017, the Board of Directors extended the common stock repurchase program of up to $3.0 million for two additional years.  Under this program the Company has repurchased 187,569 common stock shares for $1.4 million at an average price of $7.25 per share.  There were no repurchases of common stock under this program during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018.
 
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company paid common stock dividends of $0.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company paid common stock dividends of $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively.
 
Common Stock Warrant
 
The Warrant issued as part of the TARP provides for the purchase of up to 521,158 shares of the common stock, at an exercise price of $4.49 per share (“Warrant Shares”).  The Warrant is immediately exercisable and expires on December 19, 2018.  The exercise price and the ultimate number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the Warrant are subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments, such as upon stock splits or distributions of securities or other assets to holders of the common stock, and upon certain issuances of the common stock at or below a specified price relative to the then current market price of the common stock.  In the second quarter of 2013, the Treasury sold its warrant position to a private investor.  Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the private investor has agreed not to exercise voting power with respect to any Warrant Shares. 

9.
CAPITAL REQUIREMENT
 
The Federal Reserve has adopted capital adequacy guidelines that are used to assess the adequacy of capital in supervising a bank holding company.  In July 2013, the federal banking agencies approved the final rules (“Final Rules”) to establish a new comprehensive regulatory capital framework with a phase-in period beginning January 1, 2015 and ending January 1, 2019.  The Final Rules implement the third installment of the Basel Accords (“Basel III”) regulatory capital reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank Act”) and substantially amend the regulatory risk-based capital rules applicable to the Company.  Basel III redefines the regulatory capital elements and minimum capital ratios, introduces regulatory capital buffers above those minimums, revises rules for calculating risk-weighted assets and adds a new component of Tier 1 capital called Common Equity Tier 1, which includes common equity and retained earnings and excludes preferred equity.
 

The following tables illustrates the Bank’s regulatory ratios and the Federal Reserve’s current adequacy guidelines as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.  The Federal Reserve’s fully phased-in guidelines applicable in 2019 are also summarized.
 
 
 
Total Capital
(To Risk-Weighted Assets)
   
Tier 1 Capital
(To Risk-Weighted Assets)
   
Common Equity Tier 1
(To Risk-Weighted Assets)
   
Leverage Ratio/Tier 1 Capital
(To Average Assets)
 
September 30, 2018
                       
CWB's actual regulatory ratios
   
10.78
%
   
9.63
%
   
9.63
%
   
8.22
%
Minimum capital requirements
   
8.00
%
   
6.00
%
   
4.50
%
   
4.00
%
Well-capitalized requirements
   
10.00
%
   
8.00
%
   
6.50
%
   
5.00
%
Minimum capital requirements including fully-phased in capital conservation buffer (2019)
   
10.50
%
   
8.50
%
   
7.00
%
   
N/A
 
 
 
 
Total Capital
(To Risk-Weighted Assets)
   
Tier 1 Capital
(To Risk-Weighted Assets)
   
Common Equity Tier 1
(To Risk-Weighted Assets)
   
Leverage Ratio/Tier 1 Capital
(To Average Assets)
 
December 31, 2017
                       
CWB's actual regulatory ratios
   
11.31
%
   
10.10
%
   
10.10
%
   
8.83
%
Minimum capital requirements
   
8.00
%
   
6.00
%
   
4.50
%
   
4.00
%
Well-capitalized requirements
   
10.00
%
   
8.00
%
   
6.50
%
   
5.00
%
Minimum capital requirements including fully-phased in capital conservation buffer (2019)
   
10.50
%
   
8.50
%
   
7.00
%
   
N/A
 
 
The Company has evaluated the impact of the Final Rules and believes that, as of September 30, 2018, the Company would meet all capital adequacy requirements under the Basel III capital rules on a fully phased-in basis as if all such requirements were currently in effect.  There are no conditions or events since September 30, 2018 that management believes have changed the Company’s or the Bank’s risk-based capital category.


10.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
 
The Company adopted ASU No, 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606) and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 606 on January 1, 2018.  The implementation of the new standard did not have a material impact on the measurement or recognition of revenue; as such, a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not deemed necessary.  Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605.

Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities.  In addition, certain non-interest income streams such as servicing rights, financial guarantees and certain credit card fees are also not in scope of the new guidance.  Topic 606 is applicable to non-interest income streams such as deposit related fees, interchange fees and merchant income.  However the recognition of these income streams did not change upon the adoption of Topic 606.  Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated from contracts with customers.  Non-interest revenue streams in-scope of Topic 606 are discussed below.

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts

Service charges on deposit accounts consist of monthly service fees, check orders, account analysis fees, and other deposit account related fees.  The Company’s performance obligation for monthly service fees and account analysis fees is generally satisfied, and the related income recognized, over the period in which the service is provided.  Check orders and other deposit related fees are largely transactional based and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied and related income recognized, at a point in time.  Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.

Exchange Fees and Other Service Charges

Exchange fees and other service charges are primarily comprised of debit and credit card income, merchant services income, ATM fees and other service charges.  Debit and credit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Company’s debit and credit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa or MasterCard.  Merchant services income is primarily fees charged to merchants to process their debit and credit card transactions.  ATM fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM.  Other service charges include fees from processing wire transfers, cashier’s checks and other services.  The Company’s performance obligation for exchange and other service charges are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion.  Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month.

The following table presents non-interest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, for periods indicated.

Non-interest income
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
   
2018
   
2017
 
 In-scope of Topic 606:
 
(in thousands)
 
Service charges on deposit accounts
 
$
95
   
$
89
   
$
281
   
$
248
 
Exchange fees and other service charges
   
43
     
46
     
142
     
113
 
Non-interest income (in-scope of Topic 606)
   
138
     
135
     
423
     
361
 
Non-interest income (out-of-scope of Topic 606)
   
503
     
581
     
1,545
     
1,693
 
   
$
641
   
$
716
   
$
1,968
   
$
2,054
 

Contract Balances

A contract asset balance occurs when an entity performs a service for a customer before the customer pays consideration (resulting in a contract receivable) or before payment is due (resulting in a contract asset).  A contract liability balance is an entity’s obligation to transfer a service to a customer for which the entity has already received payment (or payment is due) from the customer.  The Company’s non-interest income streams are largely based on transactional activity.  Consideration is often received immediately or shortly after the Company satisfies its performance obligation and income is recognized.  The Company does not typically enter into long-term revenue contracts with customers, and therefore, does not experience significant contract balances.  As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any signficant contract balances.


Contract Acquisition Costs

In connection with the adoption of Topic 606, an entity is required to capitalize, and subsequently amortize into expense, certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if these costs are expected to be recovered.  The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that an entity incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained.  The Company utilizes the practical expedient which allows entities to immediately expense contract acquisition costs when the asset that would have resulted from capitalizing these costs would have been amortized in one year or less.  Upon adoption of Topic 606, the Company did not capitalize any contract acquisition cost.

ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
This discussion is designed to provide insight into management’s assessment of significant trends related to the Company's consolidated financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital resources and interest rate sensitivity.  It should be read in conjunction with the Company’s unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included herein and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, and the other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report.
 
Forward Looking Statements
 
This report contains certain forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which are intended to be covered by the safe harbor for “forward-looking statements” provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  These statements may include statements that expressly or implicitly predict future results, performance or events.  Statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements.  In addition, the words “anticipates,” “expects,” “believes,” “estimates” and “intends” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology constitute “forward-looking statements.”  Forward-looking statements relate to expectations, beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts.  Except as required by law, the Company disclaims any obligation to update any such forward-looking statements or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events or developments.
 
Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q involve substantial risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond the control of the Company and may cause our actual results to differ significantly from historical results and those expressed in any forward-looking statement.  Risks and uncertainties include those set forth in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the following factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those presented:
 
·
general economic conditions, either nationally or locally in some or all areas in which business is conducted, or conditions in the real estate or securities markets or the banking industry which could affect liquidity in the capital markets, the volume of loan origination, deposit flows, real estate values, the levels of non-interest income and the amount of loan losses;
·
changes in existing loan portfolio composition and credit quality, and changes in loan loss requirements;
·
legislative or regulatory changes which may adversely affect the Company’s business;
·
the water shortage in certain areas of California and its impact on the economy;
·
the Company’s success in implementing its new business initiatives, including expanding its product line, adding new branches and successfully building its brand image;
·
changes in interest rates which may reduce or increase net interest margin and net interest income;
·
increases in competitive pressure among financial institutions or non-financial institutions;
·
technological changes which may be more difficult to implement or more expensive than anticipated;
·
changes in borrowing facilities, capital markets and investment opportunities which may adversely affect the business;
·
changes in accounting principles, policies or guidelines which may cause conditions to be perceived differently;
·
litigation or other matters before regulatory agencies, whether currently existing or commencing in the future, which may delay the occurrence or non-occurrence of events longer than anticipated;
·
the ability to originate loans with attractive terms and acceptable credit quality;
·
the ability to attract and retain key members of management;
·
the ability to realize cost efficiencies; and
·
a failure or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure.
 
For additional information regarding risks that may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements, see “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and in item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report.
 

Financial Overview and Highlights
 
Community West Bancshares (“CWBC”) incorporated under the laws of the state of California, is a bank holding company headquartered in Goleta, California providing full service banking and lending through its wholly-owned subsidiary Community West Bank (“CWB” or the “Bank”), which has eight California branch banking offices in Goleta, Ventura, Santa Maria, Santa Barbara, Westlake Village, San Luis Obispo, Oxnard, and Paso Robles.  These entities are collectively referred to herein as the “Company”.
 
Financial Result Highlights for the Third Quarter of 2018
 
Net income of $2.4 million, or $0.27 per diluted share in the third quarter of 2018 (3Q18) compared to a net income of $1.6 million or $0.18 per diluted share in the third quarter a year ago (3Q17).
 
The significant factors impacting the Company’s third quarter earnings performance were:
 
·
Net income of $2.4 million in 3Q18 compared to $1.6 million in 3Q17.

·
Net interest margin for 3Q18 was 4.02% compared to 4.27% in 3Q17.

·
Total loans increased $19.0 million to $745.2 million at September 30, 2018 compared to $726.2 million at December 31, 2017.

·
Total deposits increased $20.2 million to $719.9 million at September 30, 2018, compared to $699.7 at December 31, 2017.

·
Allowance for loan losses was $8.5 million at September 30, 2018, or 1.21% of total loans held for investment compared to 1.24% at December 31, 2017 and 1.25% at September 30, 2017.
 
The impact to the Company from these items, and others of both a positive and negative nature, will be discussed in more detail as they pertain to the Company’s overall comparative performance for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 throughout the analysis sections of this report.
 
Critical Accounting Policies
 
A number of critical accounting policies are used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements.  These policies relate to areas of the financial statements that involve estimates and judgments made by management.  These include provision and allowance for loan losses and investment securities.  These critical accounting policies are discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 with a description of how the estimates are determined and an indication of the consequences of an over or under estimate.
 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
A summary of our results of operations and financial condition and select metrics is included in the following table:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
   
2018
   
2017
 
   
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
 
                       
Net income
 
$
2,369
   
$
1,554
   
$
6,050
   
$
4,466
 
Basic earnings per share
   
0.29
     
0.19
     
0.73
     
0.55
 
Diluted earnings per share
   
0.27
     
0.18
     
0.69
     
0.52
 
Total assets
   
854,709
     
829,150
     
854,709
     
829,150
 
Total loans
   
745,222
     
714,383
     
745,222
     
714,383
 
Total deposits
   
719,942
     
697,154
     
719,942
     
697,154
 
Total stockholders' equity
   
75,557
     
69,766
     
75,557
     
69,766
 
Book value per common share
   
9.13
     
8.54
     
9.13
     
8.54
 
Net interest margin
   
4.02
%
   
4.27
%
   
4.11
%
   
4.36
%
Return on average assets
   
1.08
%
   
0.78
%
   
0.96
%
   
0.79
%
Return on average stockholders' equity
   
12.57
%
   
8.88
%
   
11.07
%
   
8.80
%


The following table sets forth a summary financial overview for the comparable three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Increase
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
   
Increase
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
   
(Decrease)
   
2018
   
2017
   
(Decrease)
 
 
 
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
Consolidated Income Statement Data:
                                   
Interest income
 
$
11,201
   
$
9,695
   
$
1,506
   
$
31,590
   
$
27,464
   
$
4,126
 
Interest expense
   
2,573
     
1,319
     
1,254
     
6,301
     
3,278
     
3,023
 
Net interest income
   
8,628
     
8,376
     
252
     
25,289
     
24,186
     
1,103
 
Credit (provision) for loan losses
   
(197
)
   
159
     
(356
)
   
(224
)
   
423
     
(647
)
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
   
8,825
     
8,217
     
608
     
25,513
     
23,763
     
1,750
 
Non-interest income
   
641
     
716
     
(75
)
   
1,968
     
2,054
     
(86
)
Non-interest expenses
   
6,402
     
6,387
     
15
     
19,192
     
18,317
     
875
 
Income before income taxes
   
3,064
     
2,546
     
518
     
8,289
     
7,500
     
789
 
Provision for income taxes
   
695
     
992
     
(297
)
   
2,239
     
3,034
     
(795
)
Net income
 
$
2,369
   
$
1,554
   
$
815
   
$
6,050
   
$
4,466
   
$
1,584
 
Income per share - basic
 
$
0.29
   
$
0.19
   
$
0.10
   
$
0.73
   
$
0.55
   
$
0.18
 
Income per share - diluted
 
$
0.27
   
$
0.18
   
$
0.09
   
$
0.69
   
$
0.52
   
$
0.17
 
 
Interest Rates and Differentials
 
The following table illustrates average yields on interest-earning assets and average rates on interest-bearing liabilities for the periods indicated:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
 
 
 
Average
Balance
   
Interest
   
Average
Yield/Cost(2)
   
Average
Balance
   
Interest
   
Average
Yield/Cost(2)
 
Interest-Earning Assets
 
(in thousands)
 
Federal funds sold and interest-earning deposits
 
$
59,087
   
$
229
     
1.54
%
 
$
27,787
   
$
77
     
1.10
%
Investment securities
   
37,850
     
360
     
3.77
%
   
42,382
     
278
     
2.60
%
Loans (1)
   
755,146
     
10,612
     
5.58
%
   
708,244
     
9,340
     
5.23
%
Total earnings assets
   
852,083
     
11,201
     
5.22
%
   
778,413
     
9,695
     
4.94
%
Nonearning Assets
                                               
Cash and due from banks
   
2,824
                     
2,419
                 
Allowance for loan losses
   
(8,589
)
                   
(8,159
)
               
Other assets
   
20,856
                     
19,606
                 
Total assets
 
$
867,174
                   
$
792,279
                 
Interest-Bearing Liabilities
                                               
Interest-bearing demand deposits
   
271,314
     
617
     
0.90
%
   
265,546
     
294
     
0.44
%
Savings deposits
   
14,303
     
32
     
0.89
%
   
14,266
     
29
     
0.81
%
Time deposits
   
339,405
     
1,573
     
1.84
%
   
294,385
     
862
     
1.16
%
Total interest-bearing deposits
   
625,022
     
2,222
     
1.41
%
   
574,197
     
1,185
     
0.82
%
Other borrowings
   
49,831
     
351
     
2.79
%
   
29,677
     
134
     
1.79
%
Total interest-bearing liabilities
   
674,853
     
2,573
     
1.51
%
   
603,874
     
1,319
     
0.87
%
Noninterest-Bearing Liabilities
                                               
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits
   
109,369
                     
113,598
                 
Other liabilities
   
8,153
                     
5,369
                 
Stockholders' equity
   
74,799
                     
69,438
                 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
 
$
867,174
                   
$
792,279
                 
Net interest income and margin (3)
         
$
8,628
     
4.02
%
         
$
8,376
     
4.27
%
Net interest spread (4)
                   
3.71
%
                   
4.07
%
 
(1)
Includes nonaccrual loans.
(2)
Annualized.
(3)
Net interest margin is computed by dividing net interest income by total average earning assets.
(4)
Net interest spread represents average yield earned on interest-earning assets less the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.

  
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
 
 
 
Average
Balance
   
Interest
   
Average
Yield/Cost(2)
   
Average
Balance
   
Interest
   
Average
Yield/Cost(2)
 
Interest-Earning Assets
 
(in thousands)
 
Federal funds sold and interest-earning deposits
 
$
37,476
   
$
418
     
1.49
%
 
$
23,827
   
$
162
     
0.91
%
Investment securities
   
38,613
     
889
     
3.08
%
   
39,717
     
732
     
2.46
%
Loans (1)
   
747,518
     
30,283
     
5.42
%
   
677,445
     
26,570
     
5.24
%
Total earnings assets
   
823,607
     
31,590
     
5.13
%
   
740,989
     
27,464
     
4.96
%
Nonearning Assets
                                               
Cash and due from banks
   
3,294
                     
2,275
                 
Allowance for loan losses
   
(8,513
)
                   
(7,870
)
               
Other assets
   
20,567
                     
18,746
                 
Total assets
 
$
838,955
                   
$
754,140
                 
Interest-Bearing Liabilities
                                               
Interest-bearing demand deposits
   
264,994
     
1,412
     
0.71
%
   
260,754
     
790
     
0.41
%
Savings deposits
   
14,339
     
92
     
0.86
%
   
14,154
     
83
     
0.78
%
Time deposits
   
323,050
     
3,869
     
1.60
%
   
273,979
     
2,111
     
1.03
%
Total interest-bearing deposits
   
602,383
     
5,373
     
1.19
%
   
548,887
     
2,984
     
0.73
%
Other borrowings
   
44,828
     
928
     
2.77
%
   
27,660
     
294
     
1.42
%
Total interest-bearing liabilities
   
647,211
     
6,301
     
1.30
%
   
576,547
     
3,278
     
0.76
%
Noninterest-Bearing Liabilities
                                               
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits
   
111,407
                     
104,998
                 
Other liabilities
   
7,250
                     
4,704
                 
Stockholders' equity
   
73,087
                     
67,891
                 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
 
$
838,955
                   
$
754,140
                 
Net interest income and margin (3)
         
$
25,289
     
4.11
%
         
$
24,186
     
4.36
%
Net interest spread (4)
                   
3.83
%
                   
4.20
%

(1)
Includes nonaccrual loans.
(2)
Annualized.
(3)
Net interest margin is computed by dividing net interest income by total average earning assets.
(4)
Net interest spread represents average yield earned on interest-earning assets less the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
The table below sets forth the relative impact on net interest income of changes in the volume of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and changes in rates earned and paid by the Company on such assets and liabilities.  For purposes of this table, nonaccrual loans have been included in the average loan balances.
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
2018 versus 2017
   
2018 versus 2017
 
 
Increase (Decrease)
Due to Changes in (1)
   
Increase (Decrease)
Due to Changes in (1)
 
 
 
Volume
   
Rate
   
Total
   
Volume
   
Rate
   
Total
 
 
 
(in thousands)
   
(in thousands)
 
Interest income:
                                   
Federal funds sold and interest-earning deposits
 
$
121
   
$
31
   
$
152
   
$
152
   
$
104
   
$
256
 
Investment securities
   
(43
)
   
125
     
82
     
(25
)
   
182
     
157
 
Loans, net
   
660
     
612
     
1,272
     
2,841
     
872
     
3,713
 
Total interest income
   
738
     
768
     
1,506
     
2,968
     
1,158
     
4,126
 
 
                                               
Interest expense:
                                               
Interest-bearing demand deposits
   
13
     
310
     
323
     
23
     
599
     
622
 
Savings deposits
   
     
3
     
3
     
1
     
8
     
9
 
Time deposits
   
209
     
502
     
711
     
587
     
1,171
     
1,758
 
Short-term borrowings
   
142
     
75
     
217
     
356
     
278
     
634
 
Total interest expense
   
364
     
890
     
1,254
     
967
     
2,056
     
3,023
 
Net increase
 
$
374
   
$
(122
)
 
$
252
   
$
2,001
   
$
(898
)
 
$
1,103
 
 
(1)
Changes due to both volume and rate have been allocated to volume changes.
 
Comparison of interest income, interest expense and net interest margin
 
The Company’s primary source of revenue is interest income.  Interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $11.2 million and $31.6 million, respectively, compared to $9.7 million and $27.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.  Total interest income in the third quarter of 2018 benefited from loan growth of $30.8 million compared to the third quarter of 2017.  Interest income from interest-bearing deposits in other institutions increased primarily due to an increased average balance held with the Federal Reserve Bank during the third quarter of 2018 compared to 2017.  The annualized yield on interest-earning assets for the third quarter 2018 compared to 2017 was 5.22% and 4.94%, respectively. Fed rate increases of 25 basis points each in December 2017, March 2018, June 2018, and September 2018 were partially responsible for the increased yield on interest-earning assets, primarily through the loan portfolio.
 
Interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017 increased by $1.3 million and $3.0 million, respectively.  This increase for the comparable periods was primarily due to increased time deposit balances, repricing of maturing time deposits, increase in interest-bearing demand deposits costs, and increased cost of borrowings.  The annualized average cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased by 64 basis points to 1.51% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.  The increase in deposit interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017 was due to both growth in interest bearing certificates of deposits and increased average cost of those deposits due to the 100 basis points of Federal Reserve rate increases.  The cost of other borrowings for the comparable periods increased by 100 basis points to 2.79% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 due to the increased use of longer term FHLB borrowings to manage interest rate risk.
 
The net impact of the changes in yields on interest-earning assets and the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities were decreases in the interest margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 to 4.02% and 4.11%, respectively, compared to 4.27% and 4.36% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.
 
Provision for loan losses
 
The provision for loan losses in each period is reflected as a charge against earnings in that period.  The provision for loan losses is equal to the amount required to maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level that is adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio.  The provision (credit) for loan losses was $(0.2) million and $0.2 million for the third quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively.  The provision (credit) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $(0.2) million compared to $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.  The improvements in credit quality, historical loss rates and net recoveries resulted in the decrease in the ratio of allowance for loan losses to loans held for investment from 1.25% at September 30, 2017 to 1.21% at September 30, 2018.

The following schedule summarizes the provision, charge-offs (recoveries) by loan category for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:
 
 
 
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
Manufactured
Housing
   
Commercial
Real Estate
   
Commercial
   
SBA
   
HELOC
   
Single Family
Real Estate
   
Consumer
   
Total
 
2018
 
(in thousands)
 
Beginning balance
 
$
2,145
   
$
5,007
   
$
1,221
   
$
57
   
$
93
   
$
99
   
$
   
$
8,622
 
Charge-offs
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Recoveries
   
6
     
     
19
     
34
     
35
     
     
     
94
 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries
   
6
     
     
19
     
34
     
35
     
     
     
94
 
Provision (credit)
   
17
     
(134
)
   
4
     
(38
)
   
(36
)
   
(10
)
   
     
(197
)
Ending balance
 
$
2,168
   
$
4,873
   
$
1,244
   
$
53
   
$
92
   
$
89
   
$
   
$
8,519
 
 
                                                               
2017
                                                               
Beginning balance
 
$
2,124
   
$
4,332
   
$
1,262
   
$
91
   
$
98
   
$
87
   
$
   
$
7,994
 
Charge-offs
   
     
     
     
     
     
(33
)
   
     
(33
)
Recoveries
   
38
     
     
43
     
104
     
7
     
     
     
192
 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries
   
38
     
     
43
     
104
     
7
     
(33
)
   
     
159
 
Provision (credit)
   
(15
)
   
359
     
(100
)
   
(108
)
   
(11
)
   
34
     
     
159
 
Ending balance
 
$
2,147
   
$
4,691
   
$
1,205
   
$
87
   
$
94
   
$
88
   
$
   
$
8,312
 
 

 
 
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
 
Manufactured
Housing
   
Commercial
Real Estate
   
Commercial
   
SBA
   
HELOC
   
Single Family
Real Estate
   
Consumer
   
Total
 
2018
 
(in thousands)
 
Beginning balance
 
$
2,180
   
$
4,844
   
$
1,133
   
$
73
   
$
92
   
$
98
   
$
   
$
8,420
 
Charge-offs
   
(6
)
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
(6
)
Recoveries
   
114
     
15
     
43
     
102
     
54
     
1
     
     
329
 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries
   
108
     
15
     
43
     
102
     
54
     
1
     
     
323
 
Provision (credit)
   
(120
)
   
14
     
68
     
(122
)
   
(54
)
   
(10
)
   
     
(224
)
Ending balance
 
$
2,168
   
$
4,873
   
$
1,244
   
$
53
   
$
92
   
$
89
   
$
   
$
8,519
 
 
                                                               
2017
                                                               
Beginning balance
 
$
2,201
   
$
3,707
   
$
1,241
   
$
106
   
$
100
   
$
109
   
$
   
$
7,464
 
Charge-offs
   
(119
)
   
     
     
(30
)
   
     
(54
)
   
     
(203
)
Recoveries
   
105
     
227
     
116
     
168
     
11
     
1
     
     
628
 
Net (charge-offs) recoveries
   
(14
)
   
227
     
116
     
138
     
11
     
(53
)
   
     
425
 
Provision (credit)
   
(40
)
   
757
     
(152
)
   
(157
)
   
(17
)
   
32
     
     
423
 
Ending balance
 
$
2,147
   
$
4,691
   
$
1,205
   
$
87
   
$
94
   
$
88
   
$
   
$
8,312
 

The percentage of net nonaccrual loans to the total loan portfolio has decreased to 0.50% as of September 30, 2018 from 0.61% at December 31, 2017.
 
The allowance for loan losses compared to net nonaccrual loans has increased to 226.9% as of September 30, 2018 from 188.3% as of December 31, 2017.  Total past due loans increased to $1.8 million as of September 30, 2018 from $0.4 million as of December 31, 2017.  This increase was primarily from one $1.3 million commercial real estate loan.
 

Non-Interest Income
 
The Company earned non-interest income primarily through fees related to services provided to loan and deposit customers.
 
The following table summarizes the Company's non-interest income for the periods indicated:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
   
Increase
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
   
Increase
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
   
(Decrease)
   
2018
   
2017
   
(Decrease)
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Other loan fees
 
$
379
   
$
354
   
$
25
   
$
998
   
$
999
   
$
(1
)
Document processing fees
   
120
     
146
     
(26
)
   
367
     
430
     
(63
)
Service charges
   
113
     
118
     
(5
)
   
351
     
326
     
25
 
Other
   
29
     
98
     
(69
)
   
252
     
299
     
(47
)
Total non-interest income
 
$
641
   
$
716
   
$
(75
)
 
$
1,968
   
$
2,054
   
$
(86
)
 
Total non-interest income decreased slightly to $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017.  Document processing fees for the three months ended September 30, 2018 were lower due to decreased loan originations compared to the same period in 2017. Other fees decreased during the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to a $34,000 mark-down on securities held at fair value.

Total non-interest income decreased slightly to $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017.  Document processing fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were lower due to decreased loan originations compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Other fees decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to reduced loan servicing fees of $54,000.

 Non-Interest Expenses
 
The following table summarizes the Company's non-interest expenses for the periods indicated:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Increase
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
   
Increase
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
   
(Decrease)
   
2018
   
2017
   
(Decrease)
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Salaries and employee benefits
 
$
4,147
   
$
3,839
   
$
308
   
$
12,338
   
$
11,566
   
$
772
 
Occupancy, net
   
778
     
754
     
24
     
2,303
     
2,085
     
218
 
Professional services
   
326
     
281
     
45
     
931
     
759
     
172
 
Data processing
   
201
     
192
     
9
     
619
     
525
     
94
 
Depreciation
   
199
     
168
     
31
     
552
     
519
     
33
 
FDIC assessment
   
169
     
172
     
(3
)
   
547
     
461
     
86
 
Advertising and marketing
   
154
     
137
     
17
     
487
     
488
     
(1
)
Stock based compensation
   
81
     
283
     
(202
)
   
284
     
454
     
(170
)
Other
   
347
     
561
     
(214
)
   
1,131
     
1,460
     
(329
)
Total non-interest expenses
 
$
6,402
   
$
6,387
   
$
15
   
$
19,192
   
$
18,317
   
$
875
 
 
Total non-interest expenses remained unchanged between the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and increased $0.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017, respectively.  The increase in non-interest expenses for the year to date 2018 is primarily due to increased salaries and employee benefits, and occupancy as a result of the Bank’s expansions in the Northern and Southern regions, and addition of customer relationship and support positions.  FDIC assessment increased $0.1 million the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017 due to a higher asset base for assessment and increased assessment factor. Professional services increased $0.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017 due to increased consulting costs for operational training and project implementation.  Stock based compensation decreased $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017 due to $0.2 million of non-qualified stock options granted during the third quarter 2017. The decrease in other expenses were mainly due to higher loan origination cost deferrals during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 2017.
 
Income Taxes
 
Income tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $0.7 million and $2.2 million, respectively, compared to $1.0 million and $3.0 million in the same periods during 2017.  The combined state and federal effective income tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were 27.0% and 40.5%, respectively.  The effective tax rate decreased in 2018 primarily as a result of the enacted tax rate change from 34% to 21% under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of December 2017.
 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax basis including operating losses and tax credit carryforwards.  Net deferred tax assets of $3.2 million at September 30, 2018 are reported in the consolidated balance sheet as a component of total assets.
 
Accounting standards Codification Topic 740, Income Taxes, requires that companies assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against their deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard.
 
A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets if, based on weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized.  Management evaluates the Company’s deferred tax assets for recoverability using a consistent approach which considers the relative impact of negative and positive evidence, including the Company’s historical profitability and projections of future taxable income.  The Company is required to establish a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and record a charge to income if management determines, based on available evidence at the time the determination is made, that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets may not be realized.
 
There was no valuation allowance on deferred tax assets at September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.
 
The Company is subject to the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740).  ASC 740 prescribes a more likely than not threshold for the financial statement recognition of uncertain tax positions.  ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.  On a quarterly basis, the Company undergoes a process to evaluate whether income tax accruals are in accordance with ASC 740 guidance on uncertain tax positions.  There were no uncertain tax positions at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS
 
Total assets increased $21.4 million to $854.7 million at September 30, 2018 from $833.3 million at December 31, 2017.  Net loans increased by $19.0 million to $745.2 million at September 30, 2018 from $726.2 million at December 31, 2017.  The majority of the loan increase was due to increases of $8.0 million and $16.9 million in our commercial and manufactured housing portfolios, respectively. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of $3.0 million in investment securities available-for-sale.
 
Total liabilities increased $15.9 million to $779.2 million at September 30, 2018 from $763.2 million at December 31, 2017 mostly due to increased total deposits of $20.3 million.  Non-interest-bearing demand deposits decreased by $2.9 million and interest-bearing demand deposits increased by $10.3 million, while certificates of deposit increased $12.5 million due to a certificate of deposit promotion that ran during the third quarter of 2018.
 
Total stockholders’ equity increased $5.5 million to $75.6 million at September 30, 2018 from $70.1 million at December 31, 2017.  The $6.1 million increase in retained earnings from net income was offset by a $1.2 million decrease from common stock dividends.  The book value per common share was $9.13 at September 30, 2018 compared to $8.55 at December 31, 2017.
 
Selected Balance Sheet Accounts
 
 
 
September 30,
2018
   
December 31,
2017
   
Increase
(Decrease)
   
Percent
Increase
(Decrease)
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
47,753
   
$
45,869
   
$
1,884
     
4.1
%
Investment securities available-for-sale
   
25,802
     
28,783
     
(2,981
)
   
(10.4
)%
Investment securities held-to-maturity
   
7,475
     
7,565
     
(90
)
   
(1.2
)%
Loans - held for sale
   
50,944
     
55,094
     
(4,150
)
   
(7.5
)%
Loans - held for investment, net
   
694,278
     
671,095
     
23,183
     
3.5
%
Total assets
   
854,709
     
833,315
     
21,394
     
2.6
%
Total deposits
   
719,942
     
699,684
     
20,258
     
2.9
%
Other borrowings
   
50,000
     
56,843
     
(6,843
)
   
(12.0
)%
Total stockholder's equity
   
75,557
     
70,070
     
5,487
     
7.8
%
 

The table below summarizes the distribution of the Company’s loans held for investment at the end of each of the periods indicated.
 
 
 
September 30,
2018
   
December 31,
2017
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
 
$
240,010
   
$
223,115
 
Commercial real estate
   
353,136
     
354,617
 
Commercial
   
83,328
     
75,282
 
SBA
   
6,131
     
7,424
 
HELOC
   
9,446
     
9,422
 
Single family real estate
   
11,153
     
10,346
 
Consumer
   
73
     
83
 
 
   
703,277
     
680,289
 
Allowance for loan losses
   
(8,519
)
   
(8,420
)
Deferred costs, net
   
(402
)
   
(652
)
Discount on SBA loans
   
(78
)
   
(122
)
Total loans held for investment, net
 
$
694,278
   
$
671,095
 
 
The Company had $50.9 million of loans held for sale at September 30, 2018 compared to $55.1 million at December 31, 2017.  Loans held for sale at September 30, 2018 consisted of $15.0 million SBA loans and $35.9 million commercial agriculture loans.  Loans held for sale at December 31, 2017, were $18.9 million SBA loans and $36.2 million commercial agriculture loans.
 
Concentrations of Lending Activities
 
The Company’s lending activities are primarily driven by the customers served in the market areas where the Company has branch offices in the Central Coast of California.  The Company monitors concentrations within selected categories such as geography and product.  The Company originates manufactured housing, commercial, SBA, construction, real estate and consumer loans to customers through branch offices located in the Company’s primary markets.  The Company’s business is concentrated in these areas and the loan portfolio includes significant credit exposure to the manufactured housing and commercial real estate markets of these areas.  As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, manufactured housing loans comprised 32.2% and 30.7%, respectively, of total loans.  As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, commercial real estate loans accounted for approximately 47.4% and 48.8% of total loans, respectively.  Approximately 34.1% and 33.9% of these commercial real estate loans were owner-occupied at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.  Substantially all of these loans are secured by first liens with an average loan to value ratios of 55.0% at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.  The Company was within established concentration policy limits at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
 
Asset Quality
 
For all banks and bank holding companies, asset quality plays a significant role in the overall financial condition of the institution and results of operations.  The Company measures asset quality in terms of nonaccrual loans as a percentage of gross loans, and net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans.  Net charge-offs are calculated as the difference between charged-off loans and recovery payments received on previously charged-off loans.
 
 
 
September 30,
2018
   
December 31,
2017
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Nonaccrual loans (net of government guaranteed portion)
 
$
3,755
   
$
4,472
 
Troubled debt restructured loans, gross
   
17,644
     
16,603
 
Nonaccrual loans (net of government guaranteed portion) to gross loans
   
0.50
%
   
0.93
%
Net charge-offs (recoveries) (annualized) to average loans
   
(0.05
)%
   
(0.03
)%
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans (net of government guaranteed portion)
   
226.87
%
   
314.27
%
Allowance for loan losses to gross loans
   
1.21
%
   
1.24
%
 

The following table reflects the recorded investment in certain types of loans at the dates indicated:
 
 
 
September 30,
2018
   
December 31,
2017
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Total nonaccrual loans
 
$
5,710
   
$
6,844
 
Government guaranteed portion of loans included above
   
(1,955
)
   
(2,372
)
Total nonaccrual loans, without guarantees
 
$
3,755
   
$
4,472
 
 
               
Troubled debt restructured loans, gross
 
$
17,644
   
$
16,603
 
Loans 30 through 89 days past due with interest accruing
 
$
1,822
   
$
389
 
Loans 90 days or more past due with interest accruing
 
$
25
   
$
 
Allowance for loan losses to gross loans held for investment
   
1.21
%
   
1.24
%
 
Impaired loans
 
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and/or interest payments.  Loans that experience insignificant payment delays or payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired.  Management determines the significance of payment delays or payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis.  When determining the possibility of impairment, management considers the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.  For collateral-dependent loans, the Company uses the fair value of collateral method to measure impairment.  All other loans are measured for impairment based on the present value of future cash flows.  Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for all loans in the portfolio.
 
A loan is considered a troubled debt restructured loan (“TDR”) when concessions have been made to the borrower and the borrower is in financial difficulty.  These concessions include but are not limited to term extensions, rate reductions and principal reductions.  Forgiveness of principal is rarely granted and modifications for all classes of loans are predominantly term extensions.  TDR loans are also considered impaired.
 
The following schedule summarizes impaired loans and specific reserves by loan class as of the periods indicated:
 
 
 
Manufactured
Housing
   
Commercial
Real Estate
   
Commercial
   
SBA
   
HELOC
   
Single Family
Real Estate
   
Consumer
   
Total
Loans
 
Impaired Loans as of
September 30, 2018:
 
(in thousands)
 
Recorded Investment:
                                               
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded
 
$
5,906
   
$
245
   
$
219
   
$
1
   
$
   
$
282
   
$
   
$
6,653
 
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded
   
2,330
     
107
     
6,978
     
865
     
203
     
1,980
     
     
12,463
 
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment
   
8,236
     
352
     
7,197
     
866
     
203
     
2,262
     
     
19,116
 
Related Allowance for Credit Losses
                                                               
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded
   
429
     
9
     
1
     
     
     
20
     
     
459
 
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment
   
429
     
9
     
1
     
     
     
20
     
     
459
 
Total impaired loans, net
 
$
7,807
   
$
343
   
$
7,196
   
$
866
   
$
203
   
$
2,242
   
$
   
$
18,657
 
 

 
 
Manufactured
Housing
   
Commercial
Real Estate
   
Commercial
   
SBA
   
HELOC
   
Single Family
Real Estate
   
Consumer
   
Total
Loans
 
Impaired Loans as of
December 31, 2017:
                                               
Recorded Investment:
                                               
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded
 
$
5,830
   
$
557
   
$
3,551
   
$
281
   
$
   
$
2,133
   
$
   
$
12,352
 
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded
   
2,163
     
     
5,023
     
699
     
214
     
176
     
     
8,275
 
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment
   
7,993
     
557
     
8,574
     
980
     
214
     
2,309
     
     
20,627
 
Related Allowance for Credit Losses
                                                               
Impaired loans with an allowance recorded
   
427
     
11
     
50
     
1
     
     
35
     
     
524
 
Impaired loans with no allowance recorded
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total loans individually evaluated for impairment
   
427
     
11
     
50
     
1
     
     
35
     
     
524
 
Total impaired loans, net
 
$
7,566
   
$
546
   
$
8,524
   
$
979
   
$
214
   
$
2,274
   
$
   
$
20,103
 
 
Total impaired loans decreased $1.5 million in the third quarter of 2018 compared to December 31, 2017.  An increase in impaired manufactured housing loans of $0.2 million was offset by a decrease in impaired commercial loans of $1.4 million and a decrease of $0.2 in impaired commercial real estate loans. The increase in impaired manufactured housing loans was due to the addition of three new impaired loans.  The decrease in impaired commercial loans was due to five loans that paid off and pay downs throughout the rest of the portfolio.
 
The following table summarizes the composite of nonaccrual loans net of government guarantee:
 
 
 
At September 30, 2018
   
At December 31, 2017
 
 
 
Nonaccrual
Balance
   
%
   
Percent of
Total Loans
   
Nonaccrual
Balance
   
%
   
Percent of
Total Loans
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
 
$
292
     
5.12
%
   
0.04
%
 
$
418
     
6.11
%
   
0.06
%
Commercial real estate
   
107
     
1.87
%
   
0.02
%
   
306
     
4.47
%
   
0.04
%
Commercial
   
4,088
     
71.59
%
   
0.58
%
   
4,786
     
69.93
%
   
0.65
%
SBA
   
856
     
14.99
%
   
0.12
%
   
944
     
13.79
%
   
0.13
%
HELOC
   
202
     
3.54
%
   
0.03
%
   
214
     
3.13
%
   
0.03
%
Single family real estate
   
165
     
2.89
%
   
0.02
%
   
176
     
2.57
%
   
0.02
%
Consumer
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Total nonaccrual loans
 
$
5,710
     
100.00
%
   
0.81
%
 
$
6,844
     
100.00
%
   
0.93
%
 
Nonaccrual balances include $2.0 million and $2.4 million, respectively, of loans that are government guaranteed at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.  Nonaccrual loans net of government guarantees decreased $0.7 million or 16%, from $4.5 million at December 31, 2017 to $3.8 million at September 30, 2018  The percentage of nonaccrual loans net of government guarantees to the total loan portfolio has decreased to 0.53% as of September 30, 2018 from 0.66% at December 31, 2017.
 
CWB or the SBA repurchases the guaranteed portion of SBA loans from investors when those loans become past due 120 days.  After the foreclosure and collection process is complete, the SBA reimburses CWB for this principal balance.  Therefore, although these balances do not earn interest during this period, they generally do not result in a loss of principal to CWB.
 
Allowance For Loan Losses
 
The following table summarizes the allocation of allowance for loan losses by loan type.  However allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
   
2018
   
2017
 
Allowance for loan losses:
       
(in thousands)
 
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
8,622
   
$
7,994
   
$
8,420
   
$
7,464
 
Provisions charged to operating expenses:
                               
Manufactured housing
   
17
     
(15
)
   
(120
)
   
(40
)
Commercial real estate
   
(134
)
   
359
     
14
     
757
 
Commercial
   
4
     
(100
)
   
68
     
(152
)
SBA
   
(38
)
   
(108
)
   
(122
)
   
(157
)
HELOC
   
(36
)
   
(11
)
   
(54
)
   
(17
)
Single family real estate
   
(10
)
   
34
     
(10
)
   
32
 
Consumer
   
     
     
     
 
Total Provision (credit)
   
(197
)
   
159
     
(224
)
   
423
 
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off:
                               
Manufactured housing
   
6
     
38
     
114
     
105
 
Commercial real estate
   
     
     
15
     
227
 
Commercial
   
19
     
43
     
43
     
116
 
SBA
   
34
     
104
     
102
     
168
 
HELOC
   
35
     
7
     
54
     
11
 
Single family real estate
   
     
     
1
     
1
 
Consumer
   
     
     
     
 
Total recoveries
   
94
     
192
     
329
     
628
 
Loans charged-off:
                               
Manufactured housing
   
     
     
6
     
119
 
Commercial real estate
   
     
     
     
 
Commercial
   
     
     
     
 
SBA
   
     
     
     
30
 
HELOC
   
     
     
     
 
Single family real estate
   
     
33
     
     
54
 
Consumer
   
     
     
     
 
Total charged-off
   
     
33
     
6
     
203
 
Net charge-offs (recoveries)
   
(94
)
   
(159
)
   
(323
)
   
(425
)
Balance at end of period
 
$
8,519
   
$
8,312
   
$
8,519
   
$
8,312
 
 

Potential Problem Loans
 
The Company classifies loans consistent with federal banking regulations.  These loan grades are described in further detail in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of this Form 10-Q.  The following table presents information regarding potential problem loans consisting of loans graded watch or worse, but still performing:
 
 
 
September 30, 2018
 
 
 
Number
of Loans
   
Loan
Balance (1)
   
Percent
   
Percent of
Total Loans
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
   
   
$
     
0.00
%
   
0.00
%
Commercial real estate
   
2
     
1,560
     
55.91
%
   
0.21
%
Commercial
   
2
     
292
     
10.47
%
   
0.04
%
SBA
   
5
     
933
     
33.44
%
   
0.13
%
HELOC
   
     
     
0.00
%
   
0.00
%
Single family real estate
   
1
     
5
     
0.18
%
   
0.00
%
Total
   
10
   
$
2,790
     
100.00
%
   
0.38
%
 
(1)
Of the $2.8 million of potential problem loans, $0.9 million are guaranteed by government agencies.

 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
Number
of Loans
   
Loan
Balance (1)
   
Percent
   
Percent of
Total Loans
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Manufactured housing
   
   
$
     
0.00
%
   
0.00
%
Commercial real estate
   
2
     
2,028
     
53.38
%
   
0.28
%
Commercial
   
3
     
374
     
9.84
%
   
0.05
%
SBA
   
7
     
1,393
     
36.65
%
   
0.19
%
HELOC
   
     
     
0.00
%
   
0.00
%
Single family real estate
   
1
     
5
     
0.13
%
   
0.00
%
Total
   
13
   
$
3,800
     
100.00
%
   
0.52
%
 
(1)
Of the $3.8 million of potential problem loans, $1.5 million are guaranteed by government agencies.
 
Investment Securities
 
Investment securities are classified at the time of acquisition as either held-to-maturity or available-for-sale based upon various factors, including asset/liability management strategies, liquidity and profitability objectives, and regulatory requirements.  Held-to-maturity securities are carried at amortized cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts.  Available-for-sale securities are securities that may be sold prior to maturity based upon asset/liability management decisions.  Investment securities identified as available-for-sale are carried at fair value.  Unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity.  Amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts on mortgage-backed securities is periodically adjusted for estimated prepayments.
 
The investment securities portfolio of the Company is utilized as collateral for borrowings, required collateral for public deposits and to manage liquidity, capital, and interest rate risk.
 
The carrying value of investment securities was as follows:
 
 
 
September 30,
2018
   
December 31,
2017
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
U.S. government agency notes
 
$
12,520
   
$
13,978
 
U.S. government agency mortgage backed securities ("MBS")
   
7,475
     
7,565
 
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMO")
   
13,282
     
14,649
 
Equity securities: Farmer Mac class A stock
   
144
     
156
 
 
 
$
33,421
   
$
36,348
 
 
Other Assets Acquired Through Foreclosure
 
The following table represents the changes in other assets acquired through foreclosure:
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
   
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
 
 
2018
   
2017
   
2018
   
2017
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
213
   
$
362
   
$
372
   
$
137
 
Additions
   
     
132
     
174
     
502
 
Proceeds from dispositions
   
(213
)
   
(60
)
   
(484
)
   
(303
)
(Loss) Gain on sales, net
   
     
52
     
(62
)
   
150
 
Balance, end of period
 
$
   
$
486
   
$
   
$
486
 
 
Other assets acquired through foreclosure consist primarily of properties acquired as a result of, or in-lieu-of, foreclosure.  Properties or other assets (primarily manufactured housing) are classified as other real estate owned and other repossessed assets and are reported at fair value at the time of foreclosure less estimated costs to sell.  Costs relating to development or improvement of the assets are capitalized and costs related to holding the assets are charged to expense.  The Company had a valuation allowance on foreclosed assets of $0 at September 30, 2018 and $5,000 at September 30, 2017.  At September 30, 2018, the Company had no loans in process of foreclosure.
 
Deposits
 
The following table provides the balance and percentage change in the Company’s deposits:
 
 
 
September 30,
2018
   
December 31,
2017
   
Increase
(Decrease)
   
Percent
Increase
(Decrease)
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Non-interest bearing demand deposits
 
$
105,580
   
$
108,500
   
$
(2,920
)
   
(2.7
)%
Interest-bearing demand deposits
   
267,046
     
256,717
     
10,329
     
4.0
%
Savings
   
14,385
     
14,085
     
300
     
2.1
%
Certificates of deposit ($250,000 or more)
   
92,934
     
81,985
     
10,949
     
13.4
%
Other certificates of deposit
   
239,997
     
238,397
     
1,600
     
0.7
%
Total deposits
 
$
719,942
   
$
699,684
   
$
20,258
     
2.9
%
 
Total deposits increased to $719.9 million at September 30, 2018 from $699.7 million at December 31, 2017, an increase of $20.3 million.  This increase was primarily from interest-bearing demand deposits and certificates of deposit, and slightly offset by a decline in non-interest bearing demand deposits.  The increase in certificates of deposit is attributable to a deposit promotion that ran throughout the third quarter of 2018. Deposits are the primary source of funding the Company’s asset growth.  In addition, the Bank is a member of Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”).  CDARS provides a mechanism for obtaining FDIC insurance for large deposits.  At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $22.5 million and $32.1 million, respectively, of CDARS deposits.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Liquidity Management
 
Liquidity is the ongoing ability to accommodate liability maturities and deposit withdrawals, fund asset growth and business operations, and meet contractual obligations through unconstrained access to funding at reasonable market rates.  Liquidity management involves forecasting funding requirements and maintaining sufficient capacity to meet the needs and accommodate fluctuations in asset and liability levels due to changes in our business operations or unanticipated events.
 
The ability to have readily available funds sufficient to repay fully maturing liabilities is of primary importance to depositors, creditors and regulators.  Our liquidity, represented by cash and amounts due from banks, federal funds sold and non-pledged marketable securities, is a result of our operating, investing and financing activities and related cash flows.  To ensure funds are available when necessary, on at least a quarterly basis, we project the amount of funds that will be required, and we strive to maintain relationships with a diversified customer base.  Liquidity requirements can also be met through short-term borrowings or the disposition of short-term assets.
 

The Company has established policies as well as analytical tools to manage liquidity.  Proper liquidity management ensures that sufficient funds are available to meet normal operating demands in addition to unexpected customer demand for funds, such as high levels of deposit withdrawals or increased loan demand, in a timely and cost effective manner.  The most important factor in the preservation of liquidity is maintaining public confidence that facilitates the retention and growth of core deposits.  Ultimately, public confidence is gained through profitable operations, sound credit quality and a strong capital position.  The Company’s liquidity management is viewed from a long-term and short-term perspective, as well as from an asset and liability perspective.  Management monitors liquidity through regular reviews of maturity profiles, funding sources and loan and deposit forecasts to minimize funding risk.
 
The Company has asset and liability management committees (“ALCO”) at the Board and Bank management level to review asset and liability management and liquidity issues.
 
CWB has a blanket lien credit line with the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”).  Advances are collateralized in the aggregate by CWB’s eligible loans and securities.  CWB had $47.0 million and $50.0 million of FHLB advances at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, borrowed at fixed rates.  The Company also had $125.0 million of letters of credit with FHLB at September 30, 2018 to secure public funds.  At September 30, 2018, CWB had pledged to the FHLB, $33.3 million of securities and $239.0 million of loans.  At September 30, 2018, CWB had $70.2 million available for additional borrowing.  At December 31, 2017, CWB had pledged to the FHLB, securities of $36.2 million at carrying value and $235.4 million of loans.
 
CWB has established a credit line with the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”).  There were no outstanding FRB advances as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.  CWB had $105.1 million and $104.3 million in borrowing capacity as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
 
The Company has federal funds purchased lines at correspondent banks with a total borrowing capacity of $20.0 million.  There was no amount outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
 
The Company continues to face strong competition for core deposits.  The liquidity ratio of the Company was 14.6% and 15.6% at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.  The Company’s liquidity ratio fluctuates in conjunction with loan funding demands.  The liquidity ratio consists of the sum of cash and due from banks, deposits in other financial institutions, available for sale investments, federal funds sold and loans held for sale, divided by total assets.
 
CWBC’s routine funding requirements primarily consist of certain operating expenses and common stock dividends.  Normally, CWBC obtains funding to meet its obligations from dividends collected from the Bank and has the capability to issue debt securities.  Federal banking laws regulate the amount of dividends that may be paid by banking subsidiaries without prior approval.
 
Capital Resources
 
Maintaining capital strength continues to be a long-term objective for the Company.  Ample capital is necessary to sustain growth, provide protection against unanticipated declines in asset values, and to safeguard depositor funds.  Capital is also a source of funds for loan demand and enables the Company to effectively manage its assets and liabilities.  The Company has the capacity to issue 60,000,000 shares of common stock of which 8,274,882 have been issued at September 30, 2018.  Conversely, the Company may decide to repurchase shares of its outstanding common stock, depending on the market price and other relevant factors.
 
The Federal Reserve has adopted capital adequacy guidelines that are used to assess the adequacy of capital in supervising a bank holding company.  In July 2013, the federal banking agencies approved the final rules (“Final Rules”) to establish a new comprehensive regulatory capital framework with a phase-in period beginning January 1, 2015 and ending January 1, 2019.  The Final Rules implement the third installment of the Basel Accords (“Basel III”) regulatory capital reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank Act”) and substantially amend the regulatory risk-based capital rules applicable to the Company.  Basel III redefines the regulatory capital elements and minimum capital ratios, introduces regulatory capital buffers above those minimums, revises rules for calculating risk-weighted assets and adds a new component of Tier 1 capital called Common Equity Tier 1, which includes common equity and retained earnings and excludes preferred equity.
 

The following tables illustrates the Bank’s regulatory ratios and the Federal Reserve’s current adequacy guidelines as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.  The Federal Reserve’s fully phased-in guidelines applicable in 2019 are also summarized.
 
 
 
Total Capital
(To Risk-Weighted Assets)
   
Tier 1 Capital
(To Risk-Weighted Assets)
   
Common Equity Tier 1
(To Risk-Weighted Assets)
   
Leverage Ratio/Tier 1 Capital
(To Average Assets)
 
September 30, 2018
                       
CWB's actual regulatory ratios
   
10.78
%
   
9.63
%
   
9.63
%
   
8.22
%
Minimum capital requirements
   
8.00
%
   
6.00
%
   
4.50
%
   
4.00
%
Well-capitalized requirements
   
10.00
%
   
8.00
%
   
6.50
%
   
5.00
%
Minimum capital requirements including fully-phased in capital conservation buffer (2019)
   
10.50
%
   
8.50
%
   
7.00
%
   
N/A
 
 

 
 
Total Capital
(To Risk-Weighted Assets)
   
Tier 1 Capital
(To Risk-Weighted Assets)
   
Common Equity Tier 1
(To Risk-Weighted Assets)
   
Leverage Ratio/Tier 1 Capital
(To Average Assets)
 
December 31, 2017
                       
CWB's actual regulatory ratios
   
11.31
%
   
10.10
%
   
10.10
%
   
8.83
%
Minimum capital requirements
   
8.00
%
   
6.00
%
   
4.50
%
   
4.00
%
Well-capitalized requirements
   
10.00
%
   
8.00
%
   
6.50
%
   
5.00
%
Minimum capital requirements including fully-phased in capital conservation buffer (2019)
   
10.50
%
   
8.50
%
   
7.00
%
   
N/A
 
 
The Company has evaluated the impact of the Final Rules and believes that, as of September 30, 2018, the Company would meet all capital adequacy requirements under the Basel III capital rules on a fully phased-in basis as if all such requirements were currently in effect.  There are no conditions or events since September 30, 2018 that management believes have changed the Company’s or the Bank’s risk-based capital category.
 
Supervision and Regulation
 
Banking is a complex, highly regulated industry.  The primary goals of the regulatory scheme are to maintain a safe and sound banking system, protect depositors and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s (“FDIC”) insurance fund, and facilitate the conduct of sound monetary policy.  In furtherance of these goals, Congress and the states have created several largely autonomous regulatory agencies and enacted numerous laws that govern banks, bank holding companies and the financial services industry. Consequently, the growth and earnings performance of the Company can be affected not only by management decisions and general economic conditions, but also by the requirements of applicable state and federal statutes, regulations and the policies of various governmental regulatory authorities, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), and FDIC.
 
The system of supervision and regulation applicable to financial services businesses governs most aspects of the business of CWBC and CWB, including: (i) the scope of permissible business; (ii) investments; (iii) reserves that must be maintained against deposits; (iv) capital levels that must be maintained; (v) the nature and amount of collateral that may be taken to secure loans; (vi) the establishment of new branches; (vii) mergers and consolidations with other financial institutions; and (viii) the payment of dividends.
 
From time to time laws or regulations are enacted which have the effect of increasing the cost of doing business, limiting or expanding the scope of permissible activities, or changing the competitive balance between banks and other financial and non-financial institutions.  Proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the operations of banks and bank holding companies are frequently made in Congress and by various bank and other regulatory agencies.  Future changes in the laws, regulations or policies that impact the Company cannot necessarily be predicted, but they may have a material effect on the Company’s business and earnings.
 
For a detailed discussion of the regulatory scheme governing the Company and CWB, please see the discussion in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 under the caption "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation – Supervision and Regulation."

ITEM 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
Certain qualitative and quantitative disclosures about market risk is set forth in Item 7A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.  There has been no material change in these disclosures as previously disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K.  For further discussion of interest rate risk, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity - Interest Rate Risk.”
 
ITEM 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e).  Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s management, which includes the Company's Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that information relating to the Company (including its consolidated subsidiary) required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.
 
Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and implemented, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving an entity’s disclosure objectives.  The likelihood of achieving such objectives is affected by limitations inherent in disclosure controls and procedures.  These include the fact that human judgment in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns in internal control can occur because of human failures such as simple errors or mistakes or intentional circumvention of the established process.
 
The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated whether there was any change in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 and determined that there was no change in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
The Company is involved in various other litigation matters of a routine nature that are being handled and defended in the ordinary course of the Company’s business.  In the opinion of Management, based in part on consultation with legal counsel, the resolution of these litigation matters are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
 
ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS
 
Investing in our common stock involves various risks which are particular to our Company, our industry and our market area.  Several risk factors that may have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition are discussed in Item 1A of Part I of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.  There has been no material change in the Company’s risk factors as previously disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K.
 
ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
 
On August 24, 2017, the Board of Directors extended the common stock repurchase program of up to $3.0 million for two additional years.  Under this program the Company has repurchased 187,569 common stock shares for $1.4 million at an average price of $7.25 per share.  There were no repurchases of common stock under this program during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018.  The repurchase program is effective until August 2019.
 
ITEM 3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
 
None.
 
ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
 
Not applicable.
 
ITEM 5.
OTHER INFORMATION
 
None.
 

ITEM 6.
EXHIBITS
 
The following Exhibits are filed herewith.
 
Exhibit
Number
.
   
10.47
Employment and Confidentiality Agreement, dated July 23, 2018, among Community West Bank, Community West Bancshares and T. Joseph Stronks.
   
10.48
Employment and Confidentiality Agreement, dated July 30, 2018, among Community West Bank, Community West Bancshares and Paul S. Ulrich.
   
10.49
Salary Continuation Agreement, dated September 28, 2018, between Community West Bank and William Filippin.
   
31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a),  promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
   
31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
   
32.1*
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Amended, and 18 U.S.C. 1350.
   
   


 
 
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
 
*
This certification is furnished to, but shall not be deemed filed, with the Commission.  This certification shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange  Act of 1934, except to the extent that the Registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.


SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES
(Registrant)
 
 
 
Date: November 2, 2018
BY:
/s/ Susan C. Thompson
 
Susan C. Thompson
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
On Behalf of Registrant and as a Duly Authorized Officer
 
and as Principal Financial and Accounting Officer
 

EXHIBIT INDEX
 
Exhibit
Number
 
   
Employment and Confidentiality Agreement, dated July 23, 2018, among Community West Bank, Community West Bancshares and T. Joseph Stronks.
   
Employment and Confidentiality Agreement, dated July 30, 2018, among Community West Bank, Community West Bancshares and Paul S. Ulrich.
   
Salary Continuation Agreement, dated September 28, 2018, between Community West Bank and William Filippin.
   
Certification of Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
   
Certification of Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
   
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. 1350.
   


   
   
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

*
This certification is furnished to, but shall not be deemed filed, with the Commission.  This certification shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange  Act of 1934, except to the extent that the Registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.




57