UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q 

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

For the transition period from             to            

Commission File Number: 001-38010

CLIPPER REALTY INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)  

4611 12^th Avenue, Suite 1L

Brooklyn, New York 11219

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(718) 438-2804

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes ☒    No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒     No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐  No  ☒

As of November 1, 2018, there were 17,812,755 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Organization

The Company was organized in the state of Maryland on July 7, 2015. On August 3, 2015, we completed certain formation transactions and the sale of shares of common stock in a private offering. We contributed the net proceeds of the private offering to Clipper Realty L.P., our operating partnership subsidiary (the “Operating Partnership”), in exchange for units in the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership in turn contributed such net proceeds to the limited liability companies (“LLCs”) that comprised the predecessor of the Company (the “Predecessor”) in exchange for class A LLC units in such LLCs and became the managing member of such LLCs. The owners of the LLCs exchanged their interests for Class B LLC units and an equal number of special, non-economic, voting stock in the Company. The Class B LLC units, together with the special voting shares, are convertible into common shares of the Company on a one-for-one basis and are entitled to distributions.

On February 9, 2017, the Company priced an initial public offering of 6,390,149 primary shares of its common stock (including the exercise of the over-allotment option, which closed on March 10, 2017) at a price of $13.50 per share (the “IPO”). The net proceeds of the IPO were approximately $78.7 million. We contributed the proceeds of the IPO to the Operating Partnership, in exchange for units in the Operating Partnership.

On May 9, 2017, the Company completed the purchase of 107 Columbia Heights, a 161-unit apartment community located in Brooklyn Heights, New York, in vacant condition, for $87.5 million.

On October 27, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of an 82-unit residential property at 10 West 65th Street in Manhattan, New York, for $79.0 million.

As of September 30, 2018, the properties owned by the Company consist of the following (collectively, the “Properties”):

The operations of Clipper Realty Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries are carried on primarily through the Operating Partnership. The Company has elected to be taxed as a Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”) under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and the Operating Partnership is the sole managing member of the LLCs that comprised the Predecessor.

At September 30, 2018, the Company’s interest, through the Operating Partnership, in the LLCs that own the properties generally entitles it to 40.4% of the aggregate cash distributions from, and the profits and losses of, the LLCs.

The Company determined that the Operating Partnership and the LLCs are variable interest entities (“VIEs”) and that the Company was the primary beneficiary. The assets and liabilities of these VIEs represented substantially all of the Company’s assets and liabilities.

On June 21, 2017, the Company redeemed its Series A cumulative non-voting preferred stock for $145.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The effect of all intercompany balances has been eliminated. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all entities in which the Company has a controlling interest. The ownership interests of other investors in these entities are recorded as non-controlling interest.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of commitments and contingencies at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from these estimates.

Investment in Real Estate

Real estate assets held for investment are carried at historical cost and consist of land, buildings and improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment. Expenditures for ordinary repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for improvements, renovations, and replacements of real estate assets are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives if the expenditures qualify as betterment or the life of the related asset will be substantially extended beyond the original life expectancy.

In accordance with ASU 2017-01, "Business Combinations – Clarifying the Definition of a Business,” the Company evaluates each acquisition of real estate or in-substance real estate to determine if the integrated set of assets and activities acquired meets the definition of a business and needs to be accounted for as a business combination. If either of the following criteria is met, the integrated set of assets and activities acquired would not qualify as a business:

An acquired process is considered substantive if:

Generally, the Company expects that acquisitions of real estate or in-substance real estate will not meet the revised definition of a business because substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets (i.e., land, buildings and related intangible assets) or because the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce or an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort or delay.

Upon acquisition of real estate, the Company assesses the fair values of acquired tangible and intangible assets including land, buildings, tenant improvements, above-market and below-market leases, in-place leases and any other identified intangible assets and assumed liabilities. The Company allocates the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values. In estimating fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired, the Company assesses and considers fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates, estimates of replacement costs, net of depreciation, and available market information. The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant.

The Company records acquired above-market and below-market lease values initially based on the present value, using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired based on the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for each corresponding in-place lease, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the initial term plus the term of any below-market fixed renewal options for the below-market leases. Other intangible assets acquired include amounts for in-place lease values and tenant relationship values (if any) that are based on management’s evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease and the Company’s overall relationship with the respective tenant. Factors to be considered by management in its analysis of in-place lease values include an estimate of carrying costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, management includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, depending on local market conditions. In estimating costs to execute similar leases, management considers leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses.

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. A property’s value is impaired if management’s estimate of the aggregate future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) to be generated by the property is less than the carrying value of the property. To the extent impairment has occurred, a write-down is recorded and measured by the amount of the difference between the carrying value of the asset and the fair value of the asset. In the event that the Company obtains proceeds through an insurance policy due to impairment, the proceeds are offset against the write-down in calculating gain/loss on disposal of assets. Management of the Company does not believe that any of its properties within the portfolio are impaired as of September 30, 2018.

For long-lived assets to be disposed of, impairment losses are recognized when the fair value of the assets less estimated cost to sell is less than the carrying value of the assets. Properties classified as real estate held-for-sale generally represent properties that are actively marketed or contracted for sale with closing expected to occur within the next twelve months. Real estate held-for-sale is carried at the lower of cost, net of accumulated depreciation, or fair value less cost to sell, determined on an asset-by-asset basis. Expenditures for ordinary repair and maintenance costs on held-for-sale properties are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for improvements, renovations, and replacements related to held-for-sale properties are capitalized at cost. Depreciation is not recorded on real estate held-for-sale.

If a tenant vacates its space prior to the contractual termination of the lease and no rental payments are being made on the lease, any unamortized balances of the related intangibles are written off. The tenant improvements and origination costs are amortized to expense over the remaining life of the lease (or charged against earnings if the lease is terminated prior to its contractual expiration date).

Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

The capitalized above-market lease values are amortized as a reduction to base rental revenue over the remaining terms of the respective leases, and the capitalized below-market lease values are amortized as an increase to base rental revenue over the remaining initial terms plus the terms of any below-market fixed rate renewal options of the respective leases. The value of in-place leases is amortized to expense over the remaining initial terms of the respective leases.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are defined as cash on hand and in banks, plus all short-term investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. The Company maintains some of its cash in bank deposit accounts, which, at times, may exceed the federally insured limit. No losses have been experienced related to such accounts.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash generally consists of escrows for future real estate taxes and insurance expenditures, repairs and capital improvements and security deposits.

Tenant and Other Receivables and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Tenant and other receivables are comprised of amounts due for monthly rents and other charges. The Company periodically performs a detailed review of amounts due from tenants to determine if accounts receivable balances are impaired based on factors affecting the collectability of those balances. If a tenant fails to make contractual payments beyond any allowance, the Company may recognize additional bad debt expense in future periods.

Deferred Costs

Deferred lease costs consist of fees incurred to initiate and renew operating leases. Lease costs are being amortized using the straight-line method over the terms of the respective leases.

Deferred financing costs represent commitment fees, legal and other third-party costs associated with obtaining financing. These costs are amortized over the term of the financing and are recorded in interest expense in the consolidated financial statements. Unamortized deferred financing costs are expensed when the associated debt is refinanced or repaid before maturity. Costs incurred in seeking financing transactions which do not close are expensed in the period the financing transaction is terminated.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income (loss) adjusted for changes in unrealized gains and losses, reported in equity, for financial instruments required to be reported at fair value under GAAP. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not own any financial instruments for which the change in value was not reported in net income (loss) accordingly and its comprehensive income (loss) was its net income (loss) as presented in the consolidated statements of operations.

Revenue Recognition

Rental revenue for commercial leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. Rental income attributable to residential leases and parking is recognized as earned, which is not materially different from the straight-line basis. Leases entered into by residents for apartment units are generally for one-year terms, renewable upon consent of both parties on an annual or monthly basis. Deferred rents receivable represents the amount by which straight-line rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements.

Reimbursements for operating expenses due from tenants pursuant to their lease agreements are recognized as revenue in the period the applicable expenses are incurred. These costs generally include real estate taxes, utilities, insurance, common area maintenance costs and other recoverable costs.

Beginning in 2019, the Company will apply ASU 2014-09, “Revenue with Contracts with Customers.” This ASU does not apply to the Company’s lease revenues, which made up substantially all revenues in 2017 and the first three quarters of 2018. As such, management does not anticipate any significant changes to the timing of the Company’s revenue recognition. The Company intends to implement the standard retrospectively at the date of adoption.

Beginning in 2020, the Company will be required to apply ASU 2016-02, “Leases,” to its lease revenues. For lessors, the accounting remains largely unchanged from the current model. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) Topic 718, “Compensation — Stock Compensation.” As such, all equity-based awards are reflected as compensation expense in the Company’s consolidated financial statements over their vesting period based on the fair value at the date of grant.

In March 2018, the Company granted 71,112 LTIP units with a weighted average grant date fair value of $9.00 per unit.

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were 724,448 and 653,336 LTIP units outstanding, respectively, with a weighted grant-date fair value of $12.56 and $12.95 per unit, respectively. As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, there was $1.1 million and $2.1 million, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under share incentive plans. As of September 30, 2018, the weighted average period over which the unrecognized compensation expense will be recorded is approximately 1.7 years.

Income Taxes

The Company elected to be taxed and to operate in a manner that will allow it to qualify as a REIT under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). To qualify as a REIT, the Company is required to distribute dividends equal to at least 90% of the REIT taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and net capital gains) to its stockholders, and meet the various other requirements imposed by the Code relating to matters such as operating results, asset holdings, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership. Provided the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, it is generally not subject to U.S. federal corporate-level income tax on the earnings distributed currently to its stockholders. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal and state income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates and any applicable alternative minimum tax. In addition, the Company may not be able to re-elect as a REIT for the four subsequent taxable years. The entities comprising the Predecessor are limited liability companies and are treated as pass-through entities for income tax purposes. Accordingly, no provision has been made for federal, state or local income or franchise taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, the Company believes that it has appropriate support for the income tax positions taken and, as such, does not have any uncertain tax positions that, if successfully challenged, could result in a material impact on its or the Predecessor’s financial position or results of operations. The prior three years’ income tax returns are subject to review by the Internal Revenue Service.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted in December 2017 and is generally effective beginning in 2018. This new legislation is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and contains several potentially favorable provisions.

Fair Value Measurements

Refer to Note 8, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments”.

Derivative Financial Instruments

FASB derivative and hedging guidance establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. As required by FASB guidance, the Company records all derivatives on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation.

Derivatives used to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives used to hedge the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecast transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivative and the hedged item related to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is initially reported in other comprehensive income (outside of earnings) and subsequently reclassified to earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings, and the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized directly in earnings. The Company assesses the effectiveness of each hedging relationship by comparing the changes in the fair value or cash flows of the derivative hedging instrument with the changes in the fair value or cash flows of the designated hedged item or transaction. For derivatives not designated as hedges, changes in fair value would be recognized in earnings. As of September 30, 2018, the Company has no derivatives for which it applies hedge accounting.

Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic and diluted income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding. As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company had unvested LTIP Units which provide for non-forfeitable rights to dividend-equivalent payments. Accordingly, these unvested LTIP Units are considered participating securities and are included in the computation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share pursuant to the two-class method. The Company did not have dilutive securities as of September 30, 2018 or 2017.

The effect of the conversion of the 26,317 Class B LLC units outstanding is not reflected in the computation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share, as the effect would be anti-dilutive. The net income (loss) allocable to such units is reflected as noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the periods indicated (unaudited):

Recently Issued Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which removes, modifies, and adds certain disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements in ASC 820. This guidance is effective for public companies in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued a final rule that amends certain of its disclosure requirements. The rule simplifies various disclosure requirements for public companies including primarily that it (i) eliminates the requirement for public companies to disclose in their filings a schedule of earnings to fixed charges, (ii) requires an analysis of changes in stockholders’ equity for the current and comparative year-to-date interim periods in interim reports, and (iii) reduces the requirements for market price information disclosures in annual reports. These changes are effective for public companies beginning on November 5, 2018. The Company will comply with these new requirements beginning with its 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In July 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” which amended ASC 842 to provide a practical expedient to lessors to elect to not separate nonlease components from the associated leases. The Company is currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In July 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases.” These amendments provide clarifications and corrections to ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).”

In July 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-09, “Codification Improvements.” These amendments provide clarifications and corrections to certain ASC subtopics including the following: 470-50 (Debt – Modifications and Extinguishments), 480-10 (Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity – Overall), 718-740 (Compensation – Stock Compensation – Income Taxes), 805-740 (Business Combinations – Income Taxes), 815-10 (Derivatives and Hedging – Overall) and 820-10 (Fair Value Measurement – Overall). The Company is currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” These amendments provide specific guidance for transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees and specify that Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments also clarify that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (i) financing to the issuer or (ii) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” This guidance is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted but not earlier than the adoption of Topic 606. The Company does not believe that this guidance will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements as it has not historically issued share-based payments in exchange for goods or services to be consumed within its operations.

In May 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting.” ASU 2017-09 clarifies Topic 718 such that an entity must apply modification accounting to changes in the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award unless all of the following criteria are met:

The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of ASU 2017-09 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-05, “Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20),” to add guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets, including partial sales of real estate. Historically, U.S. GAAP contained several different accounting models to evaluate whether the transfer of certain assets qualified for sale treatment. ASU 2017-05 reduces the number of potential accounting models that might apply and clarifies which model does apply in various circumstances. ASU 2017-05 is effective for the Company for its annual reporting beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of ASU 2017-05 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18 “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) – Restricted Cash”. The ASU requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The ASU does not provide a definition of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. The ASU is effective for the Company beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that ASU No. 2016-18 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (A consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force),” which provides specific guidance on eight cash flow classification issues and how to reduce diversity in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The ASU is effective for the Company beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the guidance to determine the impact, if any, it will have on its consolidated financial statements.

3. Acquisitions

On October 27, 2017, the Company acquired the 10 West 65^th Street property for $79,764, including acquisition costs of $764.

The purchase price was allocated as follows:

We have prepared the following unaudited pro forma income statement information for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as if the 10 West 65^th Street acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2017. The pro forma data is not necessarily indicative of the results that actually would have occurred if the acquisition had been consummated on January 1, 2017.

On May 9, 2017, the Company acquired the 107 Columbia Heights property, in vacant condition, for $87,616, including acquisition costs of $116.

The purchase price was allocated as follows:

4. Deferred Costs and Intangible Assets

Deferred costs and intangible assets consist of the following:

Amortization of lease origination costs and in-place lease intangible assets was $188 and $228 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1,052 and $688 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Amortization of real estate abatements of $119 and $392 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $355 and $1,176 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, is included in real estate taxes and insurance in the consolidated statements of operations. Amortization of above-market leases of $59 and $15 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $176 and $43 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, is included in commercial income in the consolidated statements of operations.

Deferred costs and intangible assets as of September 30, 2018, amortize in future years as follows:

5. Below-Market Lease Intangibles

The Company’s below-market lease intangibles liabilities are as follows:

Rental income includes amortization of below-market leases of $538 and $446 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1,614 and $1,340 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Below-market leases as of September 30, 2018, amortize in future years as follows:

6. Notes Payable

The mortgages, loans and mezzanine notes payable collateralized by the properties, or the Company’s interest in the entities that own the properties and assignment of leases, are as follows:

(a) On February 21, 2018, the Company repaid the debt secured by the Flatbush Gardens property that was scheduled to mature in 2024, from the proceeds of a $246,000 first mortgage loan with New York Community Bank (“NYCB”). The NYCB loan matures on March 1, 2028, and bears interest at 3.5% for the first five years and thereafter at the prime rate plus 2.75%, subject to an option to fix the rate. The loan requires interest-only payments through August 2020, and monthly principal and interest payments thereafter based on a 30-year amortization schedule.

(b) The $37,500 mortgage note agreement with Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. matures on May 6, 2023, and bears interest at 4.00%. The note requires monthly principal and interest payments of $179.

(c) The NYCB loan matures on June 1, 2028, and bears interest at 3.875%. The note required interest-only payments through June 2017, and monthly principal and interest payments of $374 thereafter based on a 30-year amortization schedule.

(d) On February 21, 2018, the Company repaid the $410,000 loan package secured by the Tribeca House property with the proceeds of a $360,000 loan with Deutsche Bank and cash on hand. The loan matures on March 6, 2028, bears interest at 4.506% and requires interest-only payments for the entire term.

(e) The $70,000 mortgage note agreement with Capital One Multifamily Finance LLC matures on July 1, 2028, and bears interest at 3.68%. The note required interest-only payments through July 2017, and monthly principal and interest payments of $321 thereafter based on a 30-year amortization schedule.

(f) On May 9, 2017, the Company entered into a $59,000 mortgage note agreement with a unit of Blackstone Mortgage Trust, Inc., related to the 107 Columbia Heights acquisition. The Company also entered into a construction loan secured by the building with the same lender that will provide up to $14,700 for eligible capital improvements and carrying costs, of which $4,506 was drawn as of September 30, 2018. The notes mature on May 9, 2020, are subject to two one-year extension options, require interest-only payments and bear interest at one-month LIBOR plus 3.85% (6.1% as of September 30, 2018).

(g) On October 27, 2017, the Company entered into a $34,350 mortgage note agreement with NYCB, related to the 10 West 65^th Street acquisition. The note matures on November 1, 2027, and bears interest at 3.375% for the first five years and thereafter at the prime rate plus 2.75%, subject to an option to fix the rate. The note requires interest-only payments through October 2019, and monthly principal and interest payments thereafter based on a 30-year amortization schedule.

The following table summarizes principal payment requirements under terms as of September 30, 2018:

The Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $6,981 during the three months ended March 31, 2018. The loss consisted of prepayment and other fees and the write-off of unamortized loan costs.

7. Rental Income under Operating Leases

The Company’s commercial properties are leased to commercial tenants under operating leases with fixed terms of varying lengths. As of September 30, 2018, the minimum future cash rents receivable (excluding tenant reimbursements for operating expenses) under non-cancelable operating leases for the commercial tenants in each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

The Company has commercial leases with the City of New York that comprised approximately 19% and 20% of total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 19% and 20% of total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

8. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

GAAP requires the measurement of certain financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis. In addition, GAAP requires the measure of other financial instruments and balances at fair value on a non-recurring basis (e.g., carrying value of impaired real estate and long-lived assets). Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The GAAP fair value framework uses a three-tiered approach. Fair value measurements are classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

When available, the Company utilizes quoted market prices from an independent third-party source to determine fair value and classifies such items in Level 1 or Level 2. In instances where the market for a financial instrument is not active, regardless of the availability of a nonbinding quoted market price, observable inputs might not be relevant and could require the Company to make a significant adjustment to derive a fair value measurement. Additionally, in an inactive market, a market price quoted from an independent third party may rely more on models with inputs based on information available only to that independent third party. When the Company determines the market for a financial instrument owned by the Company to be illiquid or when market transactions for similar instruments do not appear orderly, the Company uses several valuation sources (including internal valuations, discounted cash flow analysis and quoted market prices) and establishes a fair value by assigning weights to the various valuation sources.

Changes in assumptions or estimation methodologies can have a material effect on these estimated fair values. In this regard, the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

The financial assets and liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, receivables, interest rate caps, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and notes payable. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, receivables, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value of notes payable, which are classified as Level 2, is estimated by discounting the contractual cash flows of each debt instrument to their present value using adjusted market interest rates.

The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the notes payable are as follows:

The Company purchased interest rate caps in connection with the Tribeca House loans obtained on November 9, 2016, and in connection with the loans obtained for the 107 Columbia Heights acquisition. On April 27, 2018, the Company terminated the Tribeca House instrument for net proceeds of $385. The fair value of the interest rate caps, which are classified as Level 2, is estimated using market inputs and credit valuation inputs.

The estimated fair values of the interest rate caps are as follows:

These interest rate caps were not designated as hedges; accordingly, changes in fair value of the Tribeca House instrument are recognized in earnings, and changes in fair value of the 107 Columbia Heights instrument are recognized in real estate under development. (Increases) decreases in fair value of the Tribeca House instrument of $30 for the three months ended September 30, 2017, and $(237) and $359 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are included in interest expense. (Increases) decreases in fair value of the 107 Columbia Heights instrument of $(13) and $28 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $(76) and $92 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are recognized in interest expense and capitalized to real estate under development.

The above disclosures regarding fair value of financial instruments are based on pertinent information available as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively. Although the Company is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the reasonableness of the estimated fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since those dates, and current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal

On July 3, 2017, the New York Supreme Court (the “Court”) ruled in favor of 41 present or former tenants of apartment units at the Company’s buildings located at 50 Murray Street and 53 Park Place in Manhattan, New York, who brought an action against the Company alleging that they were subject to applicable rent stabilization laws with the result that rental payments charged by the Company exceeded amounts permitted under these laws because the buildings were receiving certain tax abatements under Real Property Tax Law 421-g. The Court also awarded the plaintiffs, their attorney’s fees and costs. The Court declared that the plaintiff-tenants were subject to rent stabilization requirements and referred the matter to a special referee to determine the amount of rent over-charges, if any. On July 18, 2017, the Court stayed the above decision; the Company subsequently appealed the decision to the Appellate Division, First Department. On January 18, 2018, the Appellate Division unanimously ruled in favor of the Company, holding that the Company acted properly in de-regulating the apartments. The Appellate Division decision and order was subject to a motion for leave to appeal, which was granted on April 24, 2018. There can be no assurance as to the outcome of the appeal. Due to the inherent uncertainty and unpredictability of litigation, we cannot determine at this time with any specificity the Company’s potential liability. 

In addition to the above, the Company is subject to certain legal proceedings and claims arising in connection with its business, including a claim under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 at the 141 Livingston Street property. Management believes, based in part upon consultation with legal counsel, that the ultimate resolution of all such claims will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

Commitments

The Company is obligated to provide parking availability through August 2020 under a lease with a tenant at the 250 Livingston Street property; the current cost to the Company is approximately $240 per year.

Concentrations

The Company’s properties are located in the Boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn in New York City, which exposes the Company to greater economic risks than if it owned a more geographically dispersed portfolio.

The breakdown between commercial and residential revenue is as follows:

10. Related-Party Transactions

The Company recorded office and overhead expenses pertaining to a related company in general and administrative expense of $87 and $78 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $262 and $311 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The Company paid legal and advisory fees to firms in which two of our directors were principals or partners of $18 and $33 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1,898 and $732 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

11. Segment Reporting

The Company has classified its reporting segments into commercial and residential rental properties. The commercial reporting segment includes the 141 Livingston Street property and portions of the 250 Livingston Street, Tribeca House and Aspen properties. The residential reporting segment includes the Flatbush Gardens property, the 107 Columbia Heights property, the 10 West 65^th Street property and portions of the 250 Livingston Street, Tribeca House and Aspen properties.

The Company’s income from operations by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, is as follows:

The Company’s total assets by segment are as follows, as of:

The Company’s interest expense by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, is as follows:

The Company’s capital expenditures by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, are as follows: