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Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

Commission file no: 0-22955

 

 

BAY BANKS OF VIRGINIA, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

VIRGINIA   54-1838100

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

1801 Bayberry Court, Richmond, Virginia 23226

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 804-325-3775

 

 

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: None

Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:

Common Stock ($5.00 Par Value)

(Title of Class)

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities

Act.    YES  ☐    NO  ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the

Act.    YES  ☐    NO  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer      Accelerated filer  
Non-accelerated filer   ☐  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    Smaller reporting company  
     Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    YES  ☐    NO  ☒

The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant at June 30, 2017, based on the closing sale price of the registrant’s common stock on June 30, 2017, was $73,831,091.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of March 22, 2018 was 13,223,096.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The information required by Part III of this Form 10-K will be included in the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the 2018 annual meeting of shareholders and incorporated herein by reference or in an amendment to this Form 10-K filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

BAY BANKS OF VIRGINIA, INC.

INDEX

PART I

 

         Page  

Item 1:

  Business      3  

Item 1A:

  Risk Factors      11  

Item 1B:

  Unresolved Staff Comments      20  

Item 2:

  Properties      21  

Item 3:

  Legal Proceedings      21  

Item 4:

  Mine Safety Disclosures      21  
PART II  

Item 5:

  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities      21  

Item 6:

  Selected Financial Data      22  

Item 7:

  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations      22  

Item 7A:

  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk      35  

Item 8:

  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data      36  

Item 9:

  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure      79  

Item 9A:

  Controls and Procedures      79  

Item 9B:

  Other Information      80  
PART III  

Item 10:

  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance      80  

Item 11:

  Executive Compensation      81  

Item 12:

  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters      81  

Item 13:

  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence      81  

Item 14:

  Principal Accounting Fees and Services      81  
PART IV  

Item 15:

  Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules      81  

Item 16:

  Form 10-K Summary      82  

 

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Table of Contents

PART I

 

ITEM 1:  BUSINESS

GENERAL

Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. (the “Company”) is a bank holding company that conducts substantially all of its operations through its subsidiaries, Virginia Commonwealth Bank (formerly named Bank of Lancaster) (the “Bank”) and VCB Financial Group, Inc. (the “Financial Group”). The Company was incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia on June 30, 1997, in connection with the holding company reorganization of the Bank of Lancaster. The Bank opened for business in 1930 and has partnered with the communities it serves to ensure responsible growth and development since its organization.

The Bank is a state-chartered bank, headquartered in Richmond, Virginia, and a member of the Federal Reserve System. The Bank has offices in Virginia throughout the Northern Neck and Middle Peninsula and in the Greater Richmond area of central Virginia. It serves businesses, professionals and consumers with a wide variety of financial services, including retail and commercial banking, investment services, and mortgage banking. Products include checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, cash management accounts, certificates of deposit, individual retirement accounts, commercial and industrial loans, residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, home equity loans, consumer installment loans, investment accounts, insurance, credit cards, online banking, telephone banking, and mobile banking.

The Bank currently has nineteen offices in the Richmond, Virginia metropolitan area, the Tri-Cities (Petersburg, Hopewell, Colonial Heights), Kilmarnock and throughout the Northern Neck, and Suffolk, Virginia. A substantial amount of the Bank’s deposits are interest bearing, and the majority of the Bank’s loan portfolio is secured by real estate. Deposits of the Bank are insured by the Deposit Insurance Fund of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”).

On April, 2017, the Company completed a merger with Virginia BanCorp Inc. (“Virginia BanCorp”), a bank holding company conducting substantially all of its operations through its subsidiary Virginia Commonwealth Bank, pursuant to the agreement and plan of merger, dated November 2, 2016, by and between the Company and Virginia BanCorp. The Company is the surviving corporation, and former shareholders of Virginia BanCorp received 1.178 shares of the Company’s common stock for each share of Virginia BanCorp common stock they owned for a total issuance of 4,586,221 shares of the Company’s stock valued at approximately $42.2 million at the time of closing. After the merger was completed, the Company’s legacy shareholders owned approximately 51% of the outstanding stock of the Company, and Virginia BanCorp’s former shareholders owned approximately 49% of the outstanding stock of the Company. After the merger was completed, Virginia BanCorp’s, subsidiary bank was merged with and into Bank of Lancaster, which changed its name to Virginia Commonwealth Bank. Bank operating systems were consolidated and the migration to a new core operating system was completed during the fourth quarter of 2017.

The Company’s primary market includes the Greater Richmond, Virginia metropolitan area, the Northern Neck Peninsula of Virginia, and Middlesex County, which is located across the Rappahannock River from the Northern Neck. The Northern Neck includes the counties of Lancaster, Northumberland, Richmond, and Westmoreland. The Company expanded operations into the Richmond, Virginia market in 2014 with an eye toward higher density business and consumer demographics and furthered its penetration into the Richmond market upon completion of the merger with Virginia BanCorp in April 2017. The Company considers the city of Richmond and the counties of Henrico and Chesterfield, Virginia to be its service area in the Greater Richmond area. The city of Richmond serves as the capital of Virginia and the economic center of the Richmond-Petersburg metropolitan statistical area. The Company believes that the area reflects a generally high quality of life as exemplified by relatively low cost of living, minimal traffic congestion, a physically attractive topography, and a diverse economy that typically experiences neither the highs nor the lows of national business cycles. The main demographic in the Company’s Northern Neck market is smaller, retired households with relatively high per capita incomes. Health care, tourism, and related services are the major employment sectors in the Northern Neck and Middlesex County.

The Company had total assets of $970.6 million, deposits of $761.8 million, and shareholders’ equity of $114.6 million as of December 31, 2017. Its headquarters are currently located in Richmond, Virginia and its telephone number is 804-325-3775. The Company’s website is www.baybanks.com. Information contained on the Company’s website is not a part of or incorporated into this report or any other filing the Company makes with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Bay Services Company, Inc. The Bank has one wholly owned subsidiary, Bay Services Company, Inc., a Virginia corporation organized in 1994 (“Bay Services”). Bay Services owns an interest in Infinex Investments, Inc., which provides insurance and investment products for marketing via VCB Financial Group. Bay Services also owned an interest in Bankers Title of Shenandoah until April 1, 2017, when it was divested, which sells title insurance to mortgage loan customers, including customers of the Bank and the other financial institutions that have an ownership interest in the agency.

VCB Financial Group Inc. As of May 1, 2017, Bay Trust Company reorganized and became VCB Financial Group, which provides management services for personal and corporate trusts, including estate planning, estate settlement, and trust administration. Products include estate planning and settlement, revocable and irrevocable living trusts, testamentary trusts, custodial accounts, investment management accounts, managed and self-directed Individual Retirement Accounts, insurance and investments.

Through Virginia Commonwealth Bank and the VCB Financial Group, the Company provides a wide variety of financial services to its customers in its market areas. The primary products and services are summarized as follows.

 

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Mortgage Loans on Real Estate. The Bank’s mortgage loans on real estate comprise the largest segment of its loan portfolio. The majority of the Bank’s real estate loans are mortgages on owner-occupied one-to-four family residential properties, including both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate structures. Residential mortgages are underwritten and documented within the guidelines of the regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Home equity lines of credit are also offered. Construction loans with a twelve-month term are another component of the Bank’s portfolio. Underwritten at 80% loan to value, and to qualified builders and individuals, these loans are disbursed as construction progresses and verified by Bank inspection. The Bank also offers commercial loans that are secured by real estate. These mortgages are also typically written at a maximum of 80% loan to value.

The Company also offers secondary market residential loan origination. Through the Bank, customers may apply for home mortgages that are underwritten in accordance with the guidelines of either the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation or the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA” or “Fannie Mae”). These loans are then sold into the secondary market on a loan-by-loan basis, usually directly to FNMA. The Bank earns origination and servicing fees from this service.

Commercial and Industrial Loans. Commercial lending activities include small business loans, asset based loans, and other secured and unsecured loans and lines of credit. Commercial and industrial loans may entail greater risk than residential mortgage loans, and are therefore underwritten with strict risk management standards. Among the criteria for determining the borrower’s ability to repay is a cash flow analysis of the business and business collateral.

Consumer Loans. As part of its full range of services, the Bank’s consumer lending services include automobile and boat financing, home improvement loans, credit cards and unsecured personal loans. These consumer loans historically entail greater risk than loans secured by real estate, but also generate a higher return. The Bank sold its credit card portfolio in 2016.

Consumer Deposit Services. Consumer deposit products include checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, certificates of deposit, telephone banking, online banking, mobile banking, mobile deposit, electronic statements and identity theft protection. The Bank’s Golden Advantage program offers special products and services to customers age 55 and over, and the Extreme Banking program offers a suite of electronic products.

Commercial Banking Services. The Bank offers a variety of services to commercial customers. These services include analysis checking, cash management deposit accounts, wire services, direct deposit payroll service, online banking, telephone banking, remote deposit, and a full line of commercial lending options. The Bank also offers Small Business Administration loan products under the 504 Program, which provides long-term funding for commercial real estate and long-lived equipment. This allows commercial customers to obtain favorable rate loans for the development of business opportunities, while providing the Bank with a partial guarantee of the outstanding loan balance.

Purchased Loans. The Bank acquired three purchased consumer loan pools and a commercial loan pool as part of the merger with Virginia BanCorp. The Bank is no longer purchasing loan pools.

COMPETITION

The financial services industry is highly competitive. The Company competes for loans, deposits and financial services directly with other bank and nonbank institutions located within its markets, credit unions, internet-based banks, out-of-market banks and bank holding companies that advertise or otherwise serve its markets, along with money market and mutual funds, brokerage houses, mortgage companies, and insurance companies or other commercial entities that offer financial services products. Competition involves efforts to retain current customers and to obtain new loans and deposits, utilizing the scope and type of services offered, and interest rates paid on deposits and charged on loans. Many of the Company’s competitors have competitive advantages, including greater financial resources, a wider geographic presence, more accessible branch office locations, the ability to offer additional services, more favorable pricing alternatives and lower origination and operating costs. The Company believes that its competitive pricing, personalized service and community involvement enable it to effectively compete in the communities in which it operates.

SUPERVISION AND REGULATION

Bank holding companies and banks are extensively regulated under both federal and state laws. The following description briefly addresses certain provisions of federal and state laws and certain regulations, proposed regulations and the potential impacts on the Company and the Bank. To the extent statutory or regulatory provisions or proposals are described in this report, the description is qualified in its entirety by reference to the particular statutory or regulatory provisions or proposals.

The Company

General. As a bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (the “BHCA”), the Company is subject to supervision, regulation, and examination by the Federal Reserve. The Company is also registered under the bank holding company laws of Virginia and is subject to supervision, regulation, and examination by the Bureau of Financial Institutions of the Virginia State Corporation Commission (the “Virginia BFI”).

Permitted Activities. A bank holding company is limited to managing or controlling banks, furnishing services to or performing services for its subsidiaries, and engaging in other activities that the Federal Reserve determines by regulation or order to be closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks. In determining whether a particular activity is permissible, the Federal Reserve must consider whether the

 

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performance of such an activity reasonably can be expected to produce benefits to the public that outweigh possible adverse effects. Possible benefits include greater convenience, increased competition, and gains in efficiency. Possible adverse effects include undue concentration of resources, decreased or unfair competition, conflicts of interest, and unsound banking practices. Despite prior approval, the Federal Reserve may order a bank holding company or its subsidiaries to terminate any activity or to terminate ownership or control of any subsidiary when the Federal Reserve has reasonable cause to believe that a serious risk to the financial safety, soundness or stability of any bank subsidiary of that bank holding company may result from such an activity.

Banking Acquisitions; Changes in Control. The BHCA and related regulations require, among other things, the prior approval of the Federal Reserve in any case where a bank holding company proposes to (i) acquire direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the outstanding voting stock of any bank or bank holding company (unless it already owns a majority of such voting shares), (ii) acquire all or substantially all of the assets of another bank or bank holding company, or (iii) merge or consolidate with any other bank holding company. In determining whether to approve a proposed bank acquisition, the Federal Reserve will consider, among other factors, the effect of the acquisition on competition, the public benefits expected to be received from the acquisition, any outstanding regulatory compliance issues of any institution that is a party to the transaction, the projected capital ratios and levels on a post-acquisition basis, the financial condition of each institution that is a party to the transaction and of the combined institution after the transaction, the parties’ managerial resources and risk management and governance processes and systems, the parties’ compliance with the Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money laundering requirements, and the acquiring institution’s performance under the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 and its compliance with fair housing and other consumer protection laws.

Subject to certain exceptions, the BHCA and the Change in Bank Control Act, together with the applicable regulations, require Federal Reserve approval (or, depending on the circumstances, no notice of disapproval) prior to any person or company’s acquiring “control” of a bank or bank holding company. A conclusive presumption of control exists if an individual or company acquires the power, directly or indirectly, to direct the management or policies of an insured depository institution or to vote 25% or more of any class of voting securities of any insured depository institution. A rebuttable presumption of control exists if a person or company acquires 10% or more but less than 25% of any class of voting securities of an insured depository institution and either the institution has registered its securities with the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) or no other person will own a greater percentage of that class of voting securities immediately after the acquisition. The Company’s common stock is registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.

In addition, Virginia law requires prior approval from the Virginia BFI for (i) the acquisition by a Virginia bank holding company of more than 5% of the voting shares of a Virginia bank or any holding company that controls a Virginia bank, or (ii) the acquisition by a Virginia bank holding company of a bank or its holding company domiciled outside Virginia.

Source of Strength. Federal Reserve policy has historically required bank holding companies to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to their subsidiary banks. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) codified this policy as a statutory requirement. Under this requirement, the Company is expected to commit resources to support the Bank, including at times when the Company may not be in a financial position to provide such resources. Any capital loans by a bank holding company to any of its subsidiary banks are subordinate in right of payment to depositors and to certain other indebtedness of such subsidiary banks. In the event of a bank holding company’s bankruptcy, any commitment by the bank holding company to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of a subsidiary bank will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to priority of payment.

Safety and Soundness. There are a number of obligations and restrictions imposed on bank holding companies and their subsidiary banks by law and regulatory policy that are designed to minimize potential loss to the depositors of such depository institutions and the FDIC insurance fund in the event of a depository institution insolvency, receivership, or default. For example, under the Federal Deposit Insurance Company Improvement Act of 1991, to avoid receivership of an insured depository institution subsidiary, a bank holding company is required to guarantee the compliance of any subsidiary bank that may become “undercapitalized” with the terms of any capital restoration plan filed by such subsidiary with its appropriate federal bank regulatory agency up to the lesser of (i) an amount equal to 5% of the institution’s total assets at the time the institution became undercapitalized, or (ii) the amount that is necessary (or would have been necessary) to bring the institution into compliance with all applicable capital standards as of the time the institution fails to comply with such capital restoration plan.

Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (“FDIA”), the federal bank regulatory agencies have adopted guidelines prescribing safety and soundness standards. These guidelines establish general standards relating to capital management, internal controls and information systems, internal audit systems, information systems, data security loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, risk management, vendor management, corporate governance asset growth and compensation, fees and benefits. In general, the guidelines require, among other things, appropriate systems and practices to identify and manage the risk and exposures specified in the guidelines.

Capital Requirements. The Federal Reserve imposes certain capital requirements on bank holding companies under the BHCA, including a minimum leverage ratio and a minimum ratio of “qualifying” capital to risk-weighted assets. These requirements are described below under “The Bank – Capital Requirements.” Subject to its capital requirements and certain other restrictions, the Company is able to borrow money to make a capital contribution to the Bank, and such loans may be repaid from dividends paid by the Bank to the Company.

Limits on Dividends and Other Payments. The Company is a legal entity, separate and distinct from its subsidiaries. A significant portion of the revenues of the Company result from dividends paid to it by the Bank. There are various legal limitations applicable to the payment of dividends by the Bank to the Company and to the payment of dividends by the Company to its shareholders. The Bank is subject to various statutory and regulatory restrictions on its ability to pay dividends to the Company. Under current regulations, prior approval from the Federal Reserve is required if cash dividends declared by the Bank in any given year exceed net income for that year, plus retained net profits of the two preceding years. The payment of dividends by the Bank or the Company may be limited by other factors, such as requirements to maintain capital above regulatory guidelines. Bank regulatory agencies have the authority to prohibit the Bank or the Company from engaging in an unsafe or unsound practice in conducting its respective business. The payment of dividends, depending on the financial condition of the Bank, or the Company, could be deemed to constitute such an unsafe or unsound practice.

 

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Under the FDIA, insured depository institutions such as the Bank, are prohibited from making capital distributions, including the payment of dividends, if, after making such distributions, the institution would become “undercapitalized” (as such term is used in the statute). Based on the Bank’s current financial condition, the Company does not expect this provision will have any impact on its ability to receive dividends from the Bank. The Company’s non-bank subsidiary, the Financial Group, may pay dividends to the Company periodically, subject to certain statutory restrictions.

In addition to dividends it may receive from the Bank, the Company receives management fees from its affiliated companies for expenses incurred related to external financial reporting and audit fees, investor relations expenses, board of directors fees and legal fees related to corporate actions. These fees are charged to each subsidiary based upon various specific allocation methods measuring the estimated usage of such services by that subsidiary. The fees are eliminated from the financial statements in the consolidation process.

The Bank

General. The Bank is supervised and regularly examined by the Federal Reserve and the Virginia BFI. The various laws and regulations administered by the bank regulatory agencies affect corporate practices, such as the payment of dividends, incurrence of debt and acquisition of financial institutions and other companies; they also affect business practices, such as the payment of interest on deposits, the charging of interest on loans, types of business conducted and location of offices. Certain of these laws and regulations are referenced above under “The Company.”

Capital Requirements. The Federal Reserve and the other federal banking agencies have issued risk-based and leverage capital requirements applicable to U.S. banking organizations. Those regulatory agencies may from time to time require that a banking organization maintain capital above the minimum levels because of its financial condition or actual or anticipated growth.

On June 7, 2012, the Federal Reserve issued a series of proposed rules intended to revise and strengthen its risk-based and leverage capital requirements and its method for calculating risk-weighted assets. The rules were proposed to implement the Basel III regulatory capital reforms from the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The proposed rules modified or left unchanged the components of regulatory capital, which are: (i) “total capital”, defined as core capital and supplementary capital less certain specified deductions from total capital such as reciprocal holdings of depository institution capital instruments and equity investments; (ii) “Tier 1 capital,” which consists principally of common and certain qualifying preferred shareholders’ equity (including grandfathered trust preferred securities) as well as retained earnings, less certain intangibles and other adjustments; and (iii) “Tier 2 capital”, which consists of cumulative preferred stock, long-term perpetual preferred stock, a limited amount of subordinated and other qualifying debt (including certain hybrid capital instruments), and a limited amount of the general loan loss allowance. The Federal Reserve also has established a minimum leverage capital ratio of Tier 1 capital to average adjusted assets (“Tier 1 leverage ratio”).

In July 2013, the Federal Reserve issued final rules that made the changes to its capital rules to align them with the Basel III regulatory capital framework and meet certain requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act. Effective January 1, 2015, the final rules require the Bank to comply with the following minimum capital ratios: (i) a new Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets; (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0% of risk-weighted assets (increased from the prior requirement of 4.0%); (iii) a total capital ratio of 8.0% of risk-weighted assets (unchanged from the prior requirement); and (iv) a leverage ratio of 4.0% of total assets (unchanged from the prior requirement). The following additional capital requirements related to the capital conservation buffer are being phased in over a four year period, which began on January 1, 2016. When fully phased in on January 1, 2019, the rules will require the Bank to maintain (i) a minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% “capital conservation buffer” (which is added to the 4.5% Common Equity Tier 1 ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7.0% upon full implementation), (ii) a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 6.0% Tier 1 capital ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5% upon full implementation), (iii) a minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 8.0% total capital ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum total capital ratio of 10.5% upon full implementation), and (iv) a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%, calculated as the ratio of Tier 1 capital to average assets. The capital conservation buffer requirement is being phased in as of January 1, 2016, at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets, increasing by the same amount each year until fully implemented at 2.5% on January 1, 2019. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall. As of December 31, 2017, the Bank maintained Common Equity Tier 1 capital of $85.8 million, Tier 1 capital of $85.8 million, risk weighted assets of $736.4 million, and total capital of $93.5 million. As of December 31, 2017, all ratios were in excess of the fully phased-in requirements, with the Common Equity Tier 1 ratio at 11.65% of risk-weighted assets, the Tier 1 capital ratio at 11.65% of risk-weighted assets, the total capital ratio at 12.70% of risk-weighted assets, and the Tier 1 leverage ratio at 8.97% of total assets.

Deposit Insurance. The deposits of the Bank are insured up to applicable limits by the Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”) of the FDIC.

Under the Dodd-Frank Act, a permanent increase in deposit insurance was authorized to $250,000 per depositor, per insured depository institution for each account ownership category.

 

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The deposits of the Bank are subject to deposit insurance assessments to maintain the DIF. Effective April 1, 2011, the FDIC began calculating assessments based on an institution’s average total assets minus average tangible equity, pursuant to a rule issued by the FDIC as required by the Dodd-Frank Act, and utilizing a risk-based assessment system that imposed insurance premiums based upon a risk category matrix that took into account a bank’s capital level and supervisory rating. Effective July 1, 2016, the FDIC again changed its deposit insurance pricing and eliminated all risk categories and now uses the “financial ratios method” based on CAMELS composite ratings to determine assessment rates for small established institutions with less than $10 billion in assets. The CAMELS rating system is a supervisory rating system designed to take into account and reflect all financial and operational risks that a bank may face, including capital adequacy, asset quality, management capability, earnings, liquidity and sensitivity to market risk (“CAMELS”). CAMELS composite ratings set a maximum assessment for CAMELS 1 and 2 rated banks, and set minimum assessments for lower rated institutions.

The FDIC’s “reserve ratio” of the DIF to total industry deposits reached its 1.15% target effective June 30, 2016. On March 15, 2016, the FDIC implemented by final rule certain Dodd-Frank Act provisions by raising the DIF’s minimum reserve ratio from 1.15% to 1.35%. The FDIC imposed a 4.5 basis point annual surcharge on insured depository institutions with total consolidated assets of $10 billion or more. The new rule grants credits to smaller banks for the portion of their regular assessments that contribute to increasing the reserve ratio from 1.15% to 1.35%. Prior to when the new assessment system became effective, the Bank’s overall rate for assessment calculations was 9 basis points or less, which was within the range of assessment rates for the lowest risk category under the former FDIC assessment rules. In 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded expense of $580 thousand and $366 thousand, respectively, for FDIC insurance premiums.

All FDIC insured institutions are required to pay assessments to the FDIC at an annual rate of approximately one basis point of insured deposits to fund interest payments on bonds issued by the Financing Corporation, an agency of the federal government established to recapitalize the predecessor to the Savings Association Insurance Fund. These assessments will continue until the bonds mature in 2019.

Transactions with Affiliates. Pursuant to Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and Regulation W, the authority of the Bank to engage in transactions with related parties or “affiliates” or to make loans to insiders is limited. Loan transactions with an affiliate generally must be collateralized and certain transactions between the Bank and its affiliates, including the sale of assets, the payment of money or the provision of services, must be on terms and conditions that are substantially the same, or at least as favorable to the Bank, as those prevailing for comparable nonaffiliated transactions. In addition, the Bank generally may not purchase securities issued or underwritten by affiliates.

Loans to executive officers, directors or to any person who directly or indirectly, or acting through or in concert with one or more persons, owns, controls or has the power to vote more than 10% of any class of voting securities of a bank (“10% Shareholders”), are subject to Sections 22(g) and 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and their corresponding regulations (Regulation O) and Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act relating to the prohibition on personal loans to executives (which exempts financial institutions in compliance with the insider lending restrictions of Section 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act). Among other things, these loans must be made on terms substantially the same as those prevailing on transactions made to unaffiliated individuals and certain extensions of credit to those persons must first be approved in advance by a disinterested majority of the entire board of directors. Section 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act prohibits loans to any of those individuals where the aggregate amount exceeds an amount equal to 15% of an institution’s unimpaired capital and surplus plus an additional 10% of unimpaired capital and surplus in the case of loans that are fully secured by readily marketable collateral, or when the aggregate amount on all of the extensions of credit outstanding to all of these persons would exceed the Bank’s unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus. Section 22(g) of the Federal Reserve Act identifies limited circumstances in which the Bank is permitted to extend credit to executive officers.

Prompt Corrective Action. Federal banking regulators are authorized and, under certain circumstances, required to take certain actions against banks that fail to meet their capital requirements. The federal bank regulatory agencies have additional enforcement authority with respect to undercapitalized depository institutions. “Well capitalized” institutions may generally operate without additional supervisory restriction. With respect to “adequately capitalized” institutions, such banks cannot normally pay dividends or make any capital contributions that would leave it undercapitalized, they cannot pay a management fee to a controlling person if, after paying the fee, it would be undercapitalized, and they cannot accept, renew or roll over any brokered deposit unless the bank has applied for and been granted a waiver by the FDIC.

Immediately upon becoming “undercapitalized,” a depository institution becomes subject to the provisions of Section 38 of the FDIA, which: (i) restrict payment of capital distributions and management fees; (ii) require that the appropriate federal banking agency monitor the condition of the institution and its efforts to restore its capital; (iii) require submission of a capital restoration plan; (iv) restrict the growth of the institution’s assets; and (v) require prior approval of certain expansion proposals. The appropriate federal banking agency for an undercapitalized institution also may take any number of discretionary supervisory actions if the agency determines that any of these actions is necessary to resolve the problems of the institution at the least possible long-term cost to the DIF, subject in certain cases to specified procedures. These discretionary supervisory actions include: (i) requiring the institution to raise additional capital; (ii) restricting transactions with affiliates; (iii) requiring divestiture of the institution or the sale of the institution to a willing purchaser; and (iv) any other supervisory action that the agency deems appropriate. These and additional mandatory and permissive supervisory actions may be taken with respect to significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized institutions. The Bank met the definition of being “well capitalized” as of December 31, 2017.

As described above in “The Bank – Capital Requirements,” the Federal Reserve’s final rules to implement the Basel III regulatory capital reforms incorporate new requirements into the prompt corrective action framework.

 

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Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”). The Bank is subject to the requirements of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977. The CRA imposes on financial institutions an affirmative and ongoing obligation to meet the credit needs of the local communities they serve, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. The CRA requires the appropriate federal banking agency, in connection with its examination of a bank, to assess the bank’s record in meeting such credit needs. Furthermore, such assessment is also required of banks that have applied, among other things, to merge or consolidate with or acquire the assets or assume the liabilities of an insured depository institution, or to open or relocate a branch. In the case of a bank holding company applying for approval to acquire a bank or another bank holding company, the record of each subsidiary bank of the applicant bank holding company is subject to assessment in considering the application. Under the CRA, institutions are assigned a rating of “outstanding,” “satisfactory,” “needs to improve,” or “substantial non-compliance.” The Bank received a “satisfactory” CRA rating in its most recent examination.

Privacy Legislation. Several laws, including the Right To Financial Privacy Act, and related regulations issued by the federal bank regulatory agencies, provide protections against the transfer and use of customer information by financial institutions. A financial institution must provide to its customers information regarding its policies and procedures with respect to the handling of customers’ personal information. Each institution must conduct an internal risk assessment of its ability to protect customer information. These privacy provisions generally prohibit a financial institution from providing a customer’s personal financial information to unaffiliated parties without prior notice and approval from the customer.

Bank Secrecy Act. The Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”), which is intended to require financial institutions to develop policies, procedures and practices to prevent and deter money laundering, mandates that every bank have a written, board-approved program that is reasonably designed to assure and monitor compliance with the BSA. The program must, at a minimum: (i) provide for a system of internal controls to assure ongoing compliance; (ii) provide for independent testing for compliance; (iii) designate an individual responsible for coordinating and monitoring day-to-day compliance; and (iv) provide training for appropriate personnel. In addition, banks are required to adopt a customer identification program as part of its BSA compliance program. Financial institutions are generally required to report cash transactions involving more than $10,000 to the U.S. Treasury Department. In addition, financial institutions are required to file suspicious activity reports for transactions that involve more than $5,000 and which the financial institution knows, suspects or has reason to suspect involves illegal funds, is designed to evade the requirements of the BSA or has no lawful purpose. The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, enacted in response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, requires bank regulators to consider a financial institution’s compliance with the BSA when reviewing applications from a financial institution. In May 2016, the regulations implementing the BSA were amended to explicitly include risk-based procedures for conducting ongoing customer due diligence, to include understanding the nature and purpose of customer relationships for the purpose of developing a customer risk profile. In addition, banks must identify and verify the identity of the beneficial owners of all legal entity customers (other than those that are excluded) at the time a new account is opened (other than accounts that are exempted). The Bank must comply with these amendments and new requirements by May 11, 2018.

Office of Foreign Assets Control. The U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) is responsible for administering and enforcing economic and trade sanctions against specified foreign parties, including countries and regimes, foreign individuals and other foreign organizations and entities. OFAC publishes lists of prohibited parties that are regularly consulted by the Bank in the conduct of its business in order to assure compliance. The Bank is responsible for, among other things, blocking accounts of, and transactions with, prohibited parties identified by OFAC, avoiding unlicensed trade and financial transactions with such parties and reporting blocked transactions after their occurrence. Failure to comply with OFAC requirements could have serious legal, financial and reputational consequences for the Bank.

Consumer Financial Protection. The Bank is subject to a number of federal and state consumer protection laws that extensively govern its relationship with its customers. These laws include the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, the Fair Housing Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, the Service Members Civil Relief Act, laws governing flood insurance, federal and state laws prohibiting unfair and deceptive business practices, foreclosure laws, and various regulations that implement some or all of the foregoing. These laws and regulations mandate certain disclosure requirements and regulate the manner in which financial institutions must deal with customers when taking deposits, making loans, collecting loans and providing other services. If the Bank fails to comply with these laws and regulations, it may be subject to various penalties. Failure to comply with consumer protection requirements may also result in failure to obtain any required bank regulatory approval for merger or acquisition transactions the Bank may wish to pursue or being prohibited from engaging in such transactions even if approval is not required.

The Dodd-Frank Act centralized responsibility for consumer financial protection by creating a new agency, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”), and giving it responsibility for implementing, examining, and enforcing compliance with federal consumer protection laws. The CFPB focuses on (i) risks to consumers and compliance with the federal consumer financial laws, (ii) the markets in which firms operate and risks to consumers posed by activities in those markets, (iii) depository institutions that offer a wide variety of consumer financial products and services, and (iv) non-depository companies that offer one or more consumer financial products or services. The CFPB is responsible for implementing, examining and enforcing compliance with federal consumer financial laws for institutions with more than $10 billion of assets. While the Bank, like all banks, is subject to federal consumer protection rules enacted by the CFPB, because the Company and the Bank have total consolidated assets of $10 billion or less the Federal Reserve oversees the application to the Bank of most consumer protection aspects of the Dodd-Frank act and other laws and regulations.

 

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The CFPB has broad rulemaking authority for a wide range of consumer financial laws that apply to all banks, including, among other things, the authority to prohibit “unfair, deceptive or abusive” acts and practices. Abusive acts or practices are defined as those that materially interfere with a consumer’s ability to understand a term or condition of a consumer financial product or service or take unreasonable advantage of a consumer’s (i) lack of financial savvy, (ii) inability to protect himself in the selection or use of consumer financial products or services, or (iii) reasonable reliance on a covered entity to act in the consumer’s interests. The CFPB can issue cease-and-desist orders against banks and other entities that violate consumer financial laws. The CFPB may also institute a civil action against an entity in violation of federal consumer financial law in order to impose a civil penalty or injunction. Further regulatory positions taken by the CFPB may influence how other regulatory agencies may apply the subject consumer financial protection laws and regulations.

Ability-to-Repay and Qualified Mortgage Rule. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFPB issued a final rule on January 10, 2013 (effective on January 10, 2014), amending Regulation Z as implemented by the Truth in Lending Act, requiring mortgage lenders like the Bank to make a reasonable and good faith determination based on verified and documented information that a consumer applying for a mortgage loan has a reasonable ability to repay the loan according to its terms. Mortgage lenders are required to determine consumers’ ability to repay in one of two ways. The first alternative requires the mortgage lender to consider the following eight underwriting factors when making the credit decision: (i) current or reasonably expected income or assets; (ii) current employment status; (iii) the monthly payment on the covered transaction; (iv) the monthly payment on any simultaneous loan; (v) the monthly payment for mortgage-related obligations; (vi) current debt obligations, alimony, and child support; (vii) the monthly debt-to-income ratio or residual income; and (viii) credit history. Alternatively, the mortgage lender can originate “qualified mortgages,” which are entitled to a presumption that the creditor making the loan satisfied the ability-to-repay requirements. In general, a “qualified mortgage” is a mortgage loan without negative amortization, interest-only payments, balloon payments, or terms exceeding 30 years. In addition, to be a qualified mortgage the points and fees paid by a consumer cannot exceed 3% of the total loan amount. Qualified mortgages that are “higher-priced” (e.g. subprime loans) garner a rebuttable presumption of compliance with the ability-to-repay rules, while qualified mortgages that are not “higher-priced” (e.g. prime loans) are given a safe harbor of compliance. The Bank is predominantly an originator of compliant qualified mortgages.

Cybersecurity. In March 2015, federal regulators issued two related statements regarding cybersecurity. One statement indicates that financial institutions should design multiple layers of security controls to establish lines of defense and to ensure that their risk management processes also address the risk posed by compromised customer credentials, including security measures to reliably authenticate customers accessing internet-based services of the financial institution. The other statement indicates that a financial institution’s management is expected to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure the rapid recovery, resumption and maintenance of the institution’s operations after a cyber-attack involving destructive malware. A financial institution is also expected to develop appropriate processes to enable recovery of data and business operations and address rebuilding network capabilities and restoring data if the institution or its critical service providers fall victim to this type of cyber-attack. If the Company or the Bank fails to observe the regulatory guidance, it could be subject to various regulatory sanctions, including financial penalties. To date, neither the Company nor the Bank has experienced a significant compromise, significant data loss or any material financial losses related to cybersecurity attacks, but its systems and those of its customers and third-party service providers are under constant threat and it is possible that the Company or the Bank could experience a significant event in the future. Risks and exposures related to cybersecurity attacks are expected to remain high for the foreseeable future due to the rapidly evolving nature and sophistication of these threats, as well as due to the expanding use of Internet banking, mobile banking and other technology-based products and services by the Company and the Bank and its respective customers.

Incentive Compensation. In June 2010, the federal bank regulatory agencies issued comprehensive final guidance on incentive compensation policies intended to ensure that the incentive compensation policies of financial institutions do not undermine the safety and soundness of such institutions by encouraging excessive risk-taking. The Interagency Guidance on Sound Incentive Compensation Policies, which covers all employees that have the ability to materially affect the risk profile of financial institutions, either individually or as part of a group, is based upon the key principles that a financial institution’s incentive compensation arrangements should (i) provide incentives that do not encourage risk-taking beyond the institution’s ability to effectively identify and manage risks, (ii) be compatible with effective internal controls and risk management, and (iii) be supported by strong corporate governance, including active and effective oversight by the financial institution’s board of directors.

The Federal Reserve will review, as part of the regular, risk-focused examination process, the incentive compensation arrangements of financial institutions, such as the Company and the Bank, that are not “large, complex banking organizations.” These reviews will be tailored to each financial institution based on the scope and complexity of the institution’s activities and the prevalence of incentive compensation arrangements. The findings of the supervisory initiatives will be included in reports of examination. Deficiencies will be incorporated into the institution’s supervisory ratings, which can affect the institution’s ability to make acquisitions and take other actions. Enforcement actions may be taken against a financial institution if its incentive compensation arrangements, or related risk-management control or governance processes, pose a risk to the institution’s safety and soundness and the financial institution is not taking prompt and effective measures to correct the deficiencies. At December 31, 2017, the Company and the Bank have not been made aware of any instances of non-compliance with the final guidance.

Tax Reform

On December 22, 2017, the President of United States signed into law the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Reform Act”). The legislation made key changes to the U.S. tax law, including the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the reduction in the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% under the Tax Reform Act, the Company revalued its ending net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017 and recognized a provisional $1.3 million tax expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company is still analyzing certain aspects of the new law and refining its calculations, which could affect the measurement of these assets and liabilities or give rise to new deferred tax amounts. The accounting is expected to be complete when the 2017 U.S. corporate income tax return is filed in 2018.

Effect of Governmental Monetary Policies

The Company’s operations are affected not only by general economic conditions but also by the policies of various regulatory authorities. In particular, the Federal Reserve regulates money and credit conditions and interest rates to influence general economic conditions. These policies have a significant impact on overall growth and distribution of loans, investments and deposits; they affect interest rates charged on loans or paid for time and savings deposits. Federal Reserve monetary policies have had significant effects on the operating results of commercial banks, including the Bank, in the past and are expected to do so in the future. New appointments to the Federal Reserve could affect monetary policy and interest rates, and changes in fiscal policy could affect broader patterns of trade and economic growth.

 

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Future Legislation and Regulation

Congress may enact legislation from time to time that affects the regulation of the financial services industry, and state legislatures may enact legislation from time to time affecting the regulation of financial institutions chartered by or operating in those states. Federal and state regulatory agencies also periodically propose and adopt changes to their regulations or change the manner in which existing regulations are applied. The substance or impact of pending or future legislation or regulation, or the application thereof, cannot be predicted, although enactment of the proposed legislation could impact the regulatory structure under which the Company and the Bank operate and may significantly increase costs, impede the efficiency of internal business processes, require an increase in regulatory capital, require modifications to business strategy, and limit the ability to pursue business opportunities in an efficient manner. A change in statutes, regulations or regulatory policies applicable to the Company or the Bank could have a material, adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations of the Company and the Bank.

Reporting Obligations under Securities Laws

The Company is subject to the periodic and other reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, including the filing of annual, quarterly and other reports with the SEC. The Company provides access to its SEC filings through the “Regulatory Filings” section of the Company’s website at www.baybanks.com. The Company’s SEC filings are posted and available at no cost on its website as soon as reasonably practicable after the reports are filed electronically with the SEC. The information on the Company’s website is not incorporated into this report or any other filing the Company makes with the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

Employees

At December 31, 2017, the Company employed approximately 168 people, of which 158 were considered full-time employees.

 

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ITEM 1A: RISK FACTORS

An investment in the Company’s common stock involves certain risks, including those described below. In addition to the other information set forth in this report, investors in the Company’s securities should carefully consider the factors discussed below. These factors could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and capital position, and could cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from its historical results or the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report, in which case the trading price of the Company’s securities could decline. Unless otherwise indicated or as the context requires, all references in this Item to “we,” “us” and “our” refer to the Company and its subsidiaries as a combined entity.

We may fail to realize the estimated cost savings for the merger with Virginia BanCorp.

The success of the merger between the Company and Virginia BanCorp will depend in part on our ability to realize the estimated cost savings from combining the businesses of the Company and Virginia BanCorp. The Company’s and Virginia BanCorp’s management originally estimated that cost savings of approximately 14% of combined non-interest expense versus pre-merger levels would be realized from the merger. While we believe that these cost savings estimates are achievable, it is possible that the potential cost savings may be more difficult to achieve than we anticipate. Our cost savings estimates also depend on our ability to combine the businesses of the Company and Virginia BanCorp in a manner that permits those cost savings to be realized. The anticipated cost savings may not be realized fully or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected.

Combining the two banks may be more difficult, costly or time-consuming than expected, or could result in the loss of customers.

The success of the merger with Virginia BanCorp will depend on a number of factors, including, but not limited to our ability to:

 

    timely and successfully integrate the operations of the Company and Virginia BanCorp;

 

    retain key employees of the Company and Virginia BanCorp, and retain and attract qualified personnel to, the combined company; and

 

    maintain existing relationships with customers, suppliers and vendors of the Company and Virginia BanCorp.

It is possible that the integration process could result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of ongoing business or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies that adversely affect the combined company’s ability to maintain relationships with clients, customers, depositors and employees or to achieve the anticipated benefits of the merger.

We may have difficulty managing future growth and competition in the Richmond, Virginia market due to our previous limited operations in that market.

Our primary market area prior to the merger with Virginia BanCorp was the Northern Neck and Middle Peninsula areas of Virginia and, to a lesser extent, the greater Richmond area of central Virginia. Virginia BanCorp’s primary market area was the Tri-Cities (Petersburg, Hopewell, Colonial Heights) and greater Richmond area. The banking business in Richmond is extremely competitive, and the level of competition may increase further. Although we have hired a number of lending and business development officers with experience in the Richmond market, there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully compete in this highly competitive market, or that we will be able to successfully manage additional growth in the Richmond market. Because of our limited participation in the Richmond market prior to the merger with Virginia BanCorp, there may be unexpected challenges and difficulties that could adversely affect our operations.

Our credit standards and on-going credit assessment processes might not protect us from significant credit losses.

We take credit risk by virtue of making loans and extending loan commitments and letters of credit. We manage credit risk through a program of underwriting standards, the review of certain credit decisions and an ongoing process of assessment of the quality of the credit already extended. In addition, our credit administration function employs risk management techniques intended to promptly identify problem loans. While these procedures are designed to provide us with the information needed to implement policy adjustments where necessary and to take appropriate corrective actions, there can be no assurance that such measures will be effective in avoiding future undue credit risk, and credit losses may occur in the future.

Our allowance for loan losses may not be adequate to cover actual losses, which could materially and adversely affect our operating results.

We maintain an allowance for loan losses that we believe is appropriate to provide for any potential losses in our loan portfolio. The amount of this allowance is determined by management through a periodic review and consideration of several factors, including: (i) an ongoing review of the quality, size and diversity of our loan portfolio; (ii) evaluation of nonperforming loans; (iii) historical loan loss experience; and (iv) the amount and quality of collateral, including guarantees, securing the loans.

 

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The amount of future loan losses will be influenced by changes in economic, operating and other conditions, including changes in interest rates, which may be beyond our control, and these losses may exceed current estimates. Although we believe the allowance for loan losses is a reasonable estimate of known and inherent losses in the loan portfolio, we cannot precisely predict such losses or be certain that the loan loss allowance will be adequate in the future. While the risk of nonpayment is inherent in banking, we could experience greater nonpayment levels than we anticipate. Further deterioration in the quality of our loan portfolio could cause our interest income and net interest margin to decrease and our provisions for loan losses to increase further, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Federal and state regulators periodically review our allowance for loan losses and may require us to increase our provision for loan losses or recognize further loan charge-offs, based on judgments different than those of management. Any increase in the amount of the provision or loans charged-off as required by these regulatory agencies could have a negative effect on our operating results and financial condition.

Nonperforming assets take significant time to resolve and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our nonperforming assets adversely affect our net income in various ways. Our nonperforming assets, which include loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest plus nonaccruing loans and other real estate owned (“OREO”), were $10.8 million, or 1.1% of total assets, as of December 31, 2017. We do not record interest income on nonaccruing loans, which adversely affects our income and increases credit administration costs. Our nonaccruing loans totaled $6.5 million as of December 31, 2017.

When we receive collateral through foreclosures and similar proceedings, we are required to mark the related loan to the then fair market value of the collateral less estimated selling costs, which may result in a loss. An increased level of nonperforming assets also increases our risk profile and may impact the capital levels regulators believe are appropriate in light of such risks. We utilize various techniques such as workouts, restructurings and loan sales to manage problem assets. Increases in or negative adjustments in the value of these problem assets, the underlying collateral, or in the borrowers’ performance or financial condition, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, the resolution of nonperforming assets requires significant commitments of time from management and staff, which can be detrimental to the performance of their other responsibilities, including generation of new loans. There can be no assurance that we will avoid increases in nonperforming loans in the future.

We have a high concentration of loans secured by real estate, and a downturn in the local real estate market could materially and negatively affect our business.

We offer a variety of secured loans, including commercial lines of credit, commercial term loans, real estate, construction, home equity lines of credit, consumer and other loans. Many of these loans are secured by real estate (both residential and commercial) located in our market area. As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately $766.3 million in total loans, of which approximately $609.6 million 79.6% were secured by real estate. A major change in the real estate market, such as deterioration in the value of this collateral, or in the local or national economy, could adversely affect our customers’ ability to pay these loans, which in turn could impact us. If there is a decline in real estate values, especially in our market area, the collateral for loans would deteriorate and provide significantly less security. The ability to recover on defaulted loans by selling the real estate collateral could then be diminished and we would be more likely to suffer losses.

We have a significant concentration of credit exposure in commercial real estate, and loans with this type of collateral are viewed as having more risk of default.

As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately $226.8 million in loans secured by commercial real estate, representing approximately 29.6% of total loans outstanding at that date. The real estate consists primarily of non-owner-operated properties and other commercial properties. These types of loans are generally viewed as having more risk of default than residential real estate loans. They are also typically larger than residential real estate loans and consumer loans and depend on cash flows from the owner’s business or the property to service the debt. It may be more difficult for commercial real estate borrowers to repay their loans in a timely manner, as commercial real estate borrowers’ abilities to repay their loans frequently depends on the successful development of their properties. Cash flows may be affected significantly by general economic conditions, and a downturn in the local economy or in occupancy rates in the local economy where the property is located could increase the likelihood of default. Because our loan portfolio contains a number of commercial real estate loans with relatively large balances, the deterioration of one or a few of these loans could cause a significant increase in our percentage of non-performing loans. An increase in non-performing loans could result in a loss of earnings from these loans, an increase in the provision for loan losses and an increase in charge-offs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

Our banking regulators generally give commercial real estate lending greater scrutiny, and may require banks with higher levels of commercial real estate loans to implement improved underwriting, internal controls, risk management policies and portfolio stress testing, as well as possibly higher levels of allowances for losses and capital levels as a result of commercial real estate lending growth and exposures, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

 

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A portion of our loan portfolio consists of construction and development loans, and a decline in real estate values and economic conditions would adversely affect the value of the collateral securing the loans and have an adverse effect on our financial condition.

At December 31, 2017, approximately 8.6% of our loan portfolio, or $66.0 million, consisted of construction and development loans. Construction financing typically involves a higher degree of credit risk than financing on improved, owner-occupied real estate. Risk of loss on a construction loan is largely dependent upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the property’s value at completion of construction, the marketability of the property, and the bid price and estimated cost (including interest) of construction. If the estimate of construction costs proves to be inaccurate, we may be required to advance funds beyond the amount originally committed to permit completion of the project. If the estimate of the value proves to be inaccurate, we may be confronted, at or prior to the maturity of the loan, with a project whose value is insufficient to assure full repayment. When lending to builders, the cost of construction breakdown is provided by the builder, as well as supported by the appraisal. Although our underwriting criteria was designed to evaluate and minimize the risks of each construction loan, there can be no guarantee that these practices will have safeguarded against material delinquencies and losses to our operations. In addition, construction and land development loans are dependent on the successful completion of the projects they finance. Loans secured by vacant or unimproved land are generally more risky than loans secured by improved property for one-to-four family residential mortgage loans. Since vacant or unimproved land is generally held by the borrower for investment purposes or future use, payments on loans secured by vacant or unimproved land will typically rank lower in priority to the borrower than a loan the borrower may have on their primary residence or business. These loans are more susceptible to adverse conditions in the real estate market and local economy.

A portion of our loan portfolio consists of purchased loans and participations, which may have a higher risk of loss than loans we originate.

As of December 31, 2017, our loan portfolio included $142.4 million of purchased whole loans and $46.0 million of loan participations. The purchased loan portfolio includes, among other things, unsecured consumer loans and loans secured by real estate both within and outside of our primary market area. In our merger with Virginia BanCorp in 2017, we acquired a pool of consumer loans which totaled $11.1 million as of December 31, 2017. During 2017, charge-offs in this portfolio totaled $696 thousand, and its fair value was adjusted down by $2.2 million as of December 31, 2017 due to these elevated charge-offs as an adjustment to our original fair value marks. If we experience further deterioration in this portfolio or in other purchased or consumer loans, we could incur additional expenses and increased charge-offs and loan loss provisions, and our earnings may decrease.

Although we historically have underwritten these loan purchases and participations consistent with our general underwriting criteria, loan purchases and participations may have a higher risk of loss than loans we originate. Among other things, our ability to collect unsecured consumer loans is dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and thus is more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. With respect to secured loans, the property securing some of our purchased loans and participations are not located in our primary market area. Any of these factors could cause us to experience a higher level of losses compared to loans that we originate in our primary market area.

In addition, the purchased loan portfolio includes loans that we have purchased from online, or marketplace, lenders, including the pool of consumer loans referenced above. The FDIC has published guidance related to the operation of banks’ business relationship with marketplace lenders and other third parties in which banks are required to exercise increased oversight and ongoing monitoring and other responsibility for such third parties’ compliance with applicable regulatory guidance and requirements. As a result, we are subject to enhanced responsibility for and risk related to the business that we do with these marketplace lenders.

With respect to loan participations in which we are not the lead lender, we rely in part on the lead lender to monitor the performance of the loan of a loan participation. Moreover, our decision regarding the classification of a loan participation and loan loss provisions associated with a loan participation is made in part based upon information provided by the lead lender. A lead lender also may not monitor a participation loan in the same manner as we would for loans that we originate. If our underwriting or monitoring of these participation loans is not sufficient, our non-performing loans may increase and our earnings may decrease.

 

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Our business is subject to interest rate risk, and variations in interest rates may negatively affect financial performance.

Changes in the interest rate environment may reduce our profits. It is expected that we will continue to realize income from the differential or “spread” between the interest earned on loans, securities, and other interest earning assets, and interest paid on deposits, borrowings and other interest bearing liabilities. Net interest spreads are affected by the difference between the maturities and repricing characteristics of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities. In addition, loan volume and yields are affected by market interest rates on loans, and rising interest rates generally are associated with a lower volume of loan originations. Management cannot ensure that it can minimize our interest rate risk. While an increase in the general level of interest rates may increase the loan yield and the net interest margin, it may adversely affect the ability of certain borrowers with variable rate loans to pay the interest and principal of their obligations. Accordingly, changes in levels of market interest rates could materially and adversely affect the net interest spread, asset quality, loan origination volume and our overall profitability.

We face strong competition from financial services companies and other companies that offer banking and other financial services, which could negatively affect our business.

We encounter substantial competition from other financial institutions in our market area. Ultimately, we may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors. Many competitors offer the same banking services that we offer in our service area. These competitors include national, regional and community banks. We also face competition from many other types of financial institutions, including finance companies, mutual and money market fund providers, brokerage firms, insurance companies, credit unions, financial subsidiaries of certain industrial corporations and mortgage companies. Increased competition may result in reduced business for us.

Additionally, banks and other financial institutions with larger capitalization and financial intermediaries not subject to bank regulatory restrictions have larger lending limits and are thereby able to serve the credit needs of larger customers. Areas of competition include interest rates for loans and deposits, efforts to obtain loans and deposits, and range and quality of products and services provided, including new technology-driven products and services. If we are unable to attract and retain banking customers, we may be unable to continue to grow loan and deposit portfolios and our results of operations and financial condition may otherwise be adversely affected.

Consumers may decide not to use banks to complete their financial transactions.

Technology and other changes are allowing parties to complete financial transactions through alternative methods that historically have involved banks. The activity and prominence of so-called marketplace lenders and other technological financial service companies have grown significantly over recent years and are expected to continue growing. In addition, consumers can now maintain funds that would have historically been held as bank deposits in brokerage accounts, mutual funds, digital wallets or general-purpose reloadable prepaid cards. Consumers can also complete transactions, such as paying bills and/or transferring funds directly without the assistance of banks. The process of eliminating banks as intermediaries, known as “disintermediation,” could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated from those deposits. If we are unable to address the competitive pressures that we face, we could lose market share, which could result in reduced net revenue and profitability and lower returns. The loss of these revenue streams and the lower cost of deposits as a source of funds could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to operate profitably may be dependent on our ability to implement various technologies into our operations.

The market for financial services, including banking and consumer finance services, is increasingly affected by advances in technology, including developments in telecommunications, data processing, computers, automation, online banking and tele-banking. Our ability to compete successfully in our market may depend on the extent to which we are able to exploit such technological changes. If we are not able to afford such technologies, properly or timely anticipate or implement such technologies, or effectively train our staff to use such technologies, our business, financial condition or operating results could be adversely affected.

Changes in economic and market conditions, especially in the areas in which we conduct operations, could materially and negatively affect our business.

Our business is directly impacted by economic, political and market conditions, legislative and regulatory changes, changes in government monetary and fiscal policies, and inflation, all of which are beyond our control. A deterioration in economic conditions, whether caused by global, national or local concerns, especially within our market area, could result in the following potentially material consequences: loan delinquencies increasing; problem assets and foreclosures increasing; demand for products and services decreasing; low cost or non-interest bearing deposits decreasing; and collateral for loans, especially real estate, declining in value, in turn reducing customers’ borrowing power, and reducing the value of assets and collateral associated with existing loans. An economic downturn could result in losses that materially and adversely affect our business.

Income from our trust subsidiary is a major source of non-interest income for us. Trust and investment services fee revenue is largely dependent on the fair market value of assets under management and on trading volumes in the brokerage business. General economic conditions and their subsequent effect on the securities markets tend to act in correlation. When general economic conditions deteriorate, securities markets generally decline in value, and our trust and investment service revenues are negatively impacted as asset values and trading volumes decrease.

 

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Our focus on lending to small to mid-sized community-based businesses may increase our credit risk.

Most of our commercial business and commercial real estate loans are made to small business or middle market customers. These businesses generally have fewer financial resources in terms of capital or borrowing capacity than larger entities and have a heightened vulnerability to economic conditions. If general economic conditions in the market area in which we operate negatively impact this important customer sector, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected. Moreover, a portion of these loans have been made by us in recent years and the borrowers may not have experienced a complete business or economic cycle. The deterioration of our borrowers’ businesses may hinder their ability to repay their loans with us, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The amount of our other real estate owned may increase, resulting in additional OREO-related losses, and costs and expenses that will negatively affect our operations.

It is possible that the balance of OREO could increase in future years. Our level of OREO is affected by, among other things, the continued deterioration of the residential and commercial real estate markets and the tightening of the credit market. As the amount of OREO increases, our losses, and the costs and expenses to maintain that real estate also generally increase. Any additional increase in losses, and maintenance costs and expenses due to OREO may have material adverse effects on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Such effects may be particularly pronounced during times of reduced real estate values and excess inventory, which may make the disposition of OREO properties more difficult, increase maintenance costs and expenses, and reduce our ultimate realization from any OREO sales. In addition, we are required to reflect the fair market value of our OREO in our financial statements. If the OREO declines in value, we are required to recognize a loss in connection with continuing to hold the property. As a result, declines in the value of our OREO have a negative effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Liquidity risk could impair our ability to fund operations and jeopardize our financial condition.

Liquidity is essential to our business. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings and other sources could have a substantial negative effect on our liquidity. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance our activities on terms that are acceptable to us could be impaired by factors that affect us specifically, or the financial services industry or economy in general. Factors that could negatively impact our access to liquidity sources include a decrease in the level of our business activity as a result of an economic downturn in the market area in which our loans are concentrated; adverse regulatory action against us; or our inability to attract and retain deposits.

Our ability to borrow could be impaired by factors that are not specific to us or our region, such as a disruption in the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry in light of recent turmoil faced by banking organizations and unstable credit markets.

We are dependent on key personnel and the loss of one or more of those key personnel may materially and adversely affect our operations.

We are a relationship-driven organization, and currently depend heavily on the services of a number of key management personnel. These senior officers have primary contact with our customers and are extremely important in maintaining personalized relationships with our customer base, which is a key aspect of our business strategy, and in increasing our market presence. The unexpected loss of key personnel could materially and adversely affect the results of operations and financial condition.

The success of our strategy depends on our ability to identify and retain individuals with experience and relationships in our markets.

In order to be successful, we must identify and retain experienced key management members with local expertise and relationships. We expect that competition for qualified personnel will be intense and that there will be a limited number of qualified persons with knowledge of and experience in the community banking industry in our chosen geographic market. Even if we identify individuals that we believe could assist us in building our franchise, we may be unable to recruit these individuals away from their current banks. In addition, the process of identifying and recruiting individuals with the combination of skills and attributes required to carry out our strategy is often lengthy. Our inability to identify, recruit and retain talented personnel could limit our growth and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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If we are unable to successfully implement and manage our growth strategy, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

We may not be able to successfully implement our growth strategy if we are unable to identify attractive markets, locations or opportunities to expand in the future. In addition, the ability to manage growth successfully depends on whether we can maintain adequate capital levels, cost controls and asset quality, and successfully integrate any acquired branch offices or banks. We cannot assure you that any integration efforts relating to our growth strategy will be successful.

In implementing our growth strategy by opening new branches or acquiring branches or banks, we expect to incur increased personnel, occupancy and other operating expenses. In the case of new branches, we must absorb those higher expenses while we begin to generate new deposits; there is also further time lag involved in redeploying new deposits into attractively priced loans and other higher yielding earning assets. Our plans to expand could depress earnings in the short run, even if we efficiently execute a branching strategy leading to long-term financial benefits.

We rely upon independent appraisals to determine the value of the real estate which secures a significant portion of our loans, and the values indicated by such appraisals may not be realizable if we are forced to foreclose upon such loans.

A significant portion of our loan portfolio consists of loans secured by real estate. We rely upon independent appraisers to estimate the value of such real estate. Appraisals are only estimates of value and the independent appraisers may make mistakes of fact or judgment which adversely affect the reliability of their appraisals. In addition, events occurring after the initial appraisal may cause the value of the real estate to increase or decrease. As a result of any of these factors, the real estate securing some of our loans may be more or less valuable than anticipated at the time the loans were made. If a default occurs on a loan secured by real estate that is less valuable than originally estimated, we may not be able to recover the outstanding balance of the loan and will suffer a loss.

We are exposed to risk of environmental liabilities with respect to properties to which we take title.

In the course of our business we may foreclose and take title to real estate, potentially becoming subject to environmental liabilities associated with the properties. We may be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage, personal injury, investigation and clean-up costs or we may be required to investigate or clean up hazardous or toxic substances or chemical releases at a property. Costs associated with investigation or remediation activities can be substantial. If we are the owner or former owner of a contaminated site, we may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from the property. These costs and claims could adversely affect our business.

We may be adversely impacted by changes in market conditions.

We are directly and indirectly affected by changes in market conditions. Market risk generally represents the risk that values of assets and liabilities or revenues will be adversely affected by changes in market conditions. As a financial institution, market risk is inherent in the financial instruments associated with our operations and activities, including loans, deposits, securities, short-term borrowings, long-term debt and trading account assets and liabilities. A few of the market conditions that may shift from time to time, thereby exposing us to market risk, include fluctuations in interest rates, equity and futures prices, and price deterioration or changes in value due to changes in market perception or actual credit quality of issuers. Our investment securities portfolio, in particular, may be impacted by market conditions beyond our control, including rating agency downgrades of the securities, defaults of the issuers of the securities, lack of market pricing of the securities, and inactivity or instability in the credit markets. Any changes in these conditions, in current accounting principles or interpretations of these principles could impact our assessment of fair value and thus the determination of other-than-temporary impairment of the securities in the investment securities portfolio.

Our exposure to operational, technological and organizational risk may adversely affect us.

We are exposed to many types of operational risks, including reputation, legal and compliance risk, the risk of fraud or theft by employees or outsiders, unauthorized transactions by employees or operational errors, clerical or record-keeping errors, and errors resulting from faulty or disabled computer or telecommunications systems.

Reputational risk, or the risk to our earnings and capital from negative public opinion, could result from our actual alleged conduct in any number of activities, including lending practices, corporate governance, regulatory compliance or the occurrence of any of the events or instances mentioned below, or from actions taken by government regulators or community organizations in response to that conduct. Negative public opinion could also result from adverse news or publicity that impairs the reputation of the financial services industry generally.

 

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Further, if any of our financial, accounting, or other data processing systems fail or have other significant shortcomings, we could be adversely affected. We depend on internal systems and outsourced technology to support these data storage and processing operations. Our inability to use or access these information systems at critical points in time could unfavorably impact the timeliness and efficiency of our business operations. We could be adversely affected if one of our employees causes a significant operational break-down or failure, either as a result of human error or where an individual purposefully sabotages or fraudulently manipulates our operations or systems. We are also at risk of the impact of natural disasters, terrorism and international hostilities on our systems or for the effects of outages or other failures involving power or communications systems operated by others. Certain errors may be repeated or compounded before they are discovered and successfully rectified. Our necessary dependence upon automated systems to record and process transactions may further increase the risk that technical system flaws or employee tampering or manipulation of those systems will result in losses that are difficult to detect. We may also be subject to disruptions of our operating systems arising from events that are wholly or partially beyond our control (for example, computer viruses or electrical or telecommunications outages), which may give rise to disruption of service to customers and to financial loss or liability. We are further exposed to the risk that our external vendors may be unable to fulfill their contractual obligations (or will be subject to the same risk of fraud or operational errors by their respective employees as are we) and to the risk that our (or our vendors’) business continuity and data security systems prove to be inadequate. In addition, there have been instances where financial institutions have been victims of fraudulent activity in which criminals pose as customers to initiate wire and automated clearinghouse transactions out of customer accounts. Although we have policies and procedures in place to verify the authenticity of our customers, we cannot assure that such policies and procedures will prevent all fraudulent transfers. Such activity can result in financial liability and harm to our reputation.

If any of the foregoing risks materialize, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Failure to maintain effective systems of internal and disclosure control could have a material adverse effect on our results of operation and financial condition.

Effective internal and disclosure controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud and to operate successfully as a public company. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our reputation and operating results would be harmed. As part of our ongoing monitoring of internal control, we may discover material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control that require remediation. A “material weakness” is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

In Item 9A, Controls and Procedures, of this Form 10-K, we disclosed material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting. The material weaknesses related to the failure to meet two COSO criteria (COSO principle number 2 and COSO principle number 4); a lack of sufficient controls around the financial reporting process that allowed for the timely release of financial statements; the lack of sufficient internal controls around the preparation of the tax calculation; and poor internal controls in our calculation of the allowance for loan and lease losses and accurate fair value reporting of the acquisition of loans pertaining to a pool of purchased consumer term loans. Our efforts to remediate these deficiencies are ongoing and include the hiring of professional outside accounting services and staff with the experience and expertise required to review and strengthen controls surrounding the areas mentioned above.

Our inability to maintain the operating effectiveness of the controls described above, combined with issues or delays in implementing improvements described in this Form 10-K, including the remediation efforts relating to the material weakness disclosed above, could result in a material misstatement to our financial statements or other disclosures, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, any failure to remediate and maintain effective controls or to timely effect any necessary improvement of our internal and disclosure controls could, among other things, result in losses from fraud or error, harm our reputation or cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operation and financial condition.

Changes in accounting standards could impact reported earnings.

From time to time there are changes in the financial accounting and reporting standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. In some instances, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in the restatement of prior period financial statements.

We depend on the accuracy and completeness of information about clients and counterparties and our financial condition could be adversely affected if we rely on misleading information.

In deciding whether to extend credit or to enter into other transactions with clients and counterparties, we may rely on information furnished to us by or on behalf of clients and counterparties, including financial statements and other financial information, which we do not independently verify. We also may rely on representations of clients and counterparties as to the accuracy and completeness of that information and, with respect to financial statements, on reports of independent auditors. For example, in deciding whether to extend credit to clients, we may assume that a client’s audited financial statements conform with GAAP and present fairly, in all material respects, the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of that client. Our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted to the extent we rely on financial statements that do not comply with GAAP or are materially misleading.

 

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We rely on other companies to provide key components of our business infrastructure.

Third parties provide key components of our business operations such as data processing, recording and monitoring transactions, online banking interfaces and services, internet connections and network access. While we have selected these third party vendors carefully, we do not control their actions. Any problem caused by these third parties, including poor performance of services, failure to provide services, disruptions in communication services proved by a vendor and failure to handle current or higher volumes, could adversely affect our ability to deliver products and services to our customers and otherwise conduct our business, and may harm our reputation. Financial or operational difficulties of a third party vendor could also hurt our operations if those difficulties interface with the vendor’s ability to serve us. Replacing these third party vendors could also create significant delay and expense. Accordingly, use of such third parties creates an unavoidable inherent risk to our business operations.

Our information systems may experience an interruption or breach in security.

We rely heavily on communications and information systems to conduct business. In addition, in the ordinary course of business we collect and store sensitive data, including proprietary business information and personally identifiable information of our customers and employees, in systems and on networks. While we have policies and procedures designed to protect our networks, computers and data from failure, interruption, damage or unauthorized access, there can be no assurance that a breach will not occur or, if it does, that it will be adequately addressed. The occurrence of any failure, interruption, damage or security breach of our communications and information systems could damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business, subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny or expose us to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could adversely affect our business.

Severe weather, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, and other external events could significantly impact our business.

Severe weather, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, and other adverse external events could have a significant impact on our ability to conduct business. In addition, such events could affect the stability of our deposit base, impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans, impair the value of collateral securing loans, cause significant property damage, result in loss of revenue, and/or cause us to incur additional expenses. The occurrence of any such event in the future could have a material adverse effect on our business, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We operate in a highly regulated industry and the laws and regulations that govern our operations, corporate governance, executive compensation and financial accounting, or reporting, including changes in them or our failure to comply with them, may adversely affect us.

We are subject to extensive regulation and supervision that govern almost all aspects of our operations. Intended to protect customers, depositors, consumers, deposit insurance funds and the stability of the U.S. financial system, these laws and regulations, among other matters, prescribe minimum capital requirements, impose limitations on our business activities, limit the dividend or distributions that we can pay, restrict the ability of institutions to guarantee our debt and impose certain specific accounting requirements that may be more restrictive and may result in greater or earlier charges to earnings or reductions in our capital than GAAP. Compliance with laws and regulations can be difficult and costly, and changes to laws and regulations often impose additional compliance costs.

We are currently facing increased regulation and supervision of our industry as a result of the financial crisis in the banking and financial markets. Such additional regulation and supervision has increased, and may continue to increase, our costs and limit our ability to pursue business opportunities. Further, our failure to comply with these laws and regulations, even if the failure was inadvertent or reflects a difference in interpretation, could subject us to restrictions on our business activities, fines and other penalties, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations, capital base and the price of our securities. Further, any new laws, rules and regulations could make compliance more difficult or expensive or otherwise adversely affect our business and financial condition.

 

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The Dodd-Frank Act substantially changes the regulation of the financial services industry and it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operation and financial condition.

On July 21, 2010, President Obama signed into law the Dodd-Frank Act, which provides wide-ranging changes in the way banks and financial services firms generally are regulated and has been affecting the way our company and our customers and counterparties do business with each other. Among other things, it requires increased capital and regulatory oversight for banks and their holding companies, changes the deposit insurance assessment system, changes responsibilities among regulators, establishes the new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and makes various changes in the securities laws and corporate governance that affect public companies, including us. The Dodd-Frank Act also requires numerous studies and regulations related to its implementation. Many of the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act have not been fully implemented and will be subject both to further rulemaking and the discretion of applicable regulatory bodies. Although we cannot predict the full effect of the Dodd-Frank Act on our operations, it, as well as the future rules implementing its reforms, could impose significant additional costs on us, limit the products we offer, limit our ability to pursue business opportunities in an efficient manner, require us to increase our regulatory capital, impact the values of assets that we hold, significantly reduce our revenues or otherwise materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. The ultimate impact of the final rules on our businesses and results of operations, however, will depend on regulatory interpretation and rulemaking, as well as the success of our actions to mitigate the negative earnings impact of certain provisions.

We may be subject to more stringent capital and liquidity requirements, the short-term and long-term impact of which is uncertain.

We are subject to capital adequacy guidelines and other regulatory requirements specifying minimum amounts and types of capital which each must maintain. From time to time, regulators implement changes to these regulatory capital adequacy guidelines. If we fail to meet these minimum capital guidelines and/or other regulatory requirements, our financial condition would be materially and adversely affected.

In determining the adequacy of its capital levels, Virginia Commonwealth Bank uses risk-based capital ratios established by regulations. In July 2013, the Federal Reserve, FDIC and Office of the Comptroller of the Currency adopted the U.S. the Basel Committee’s Revised Framework to the International Convergence of Capital Management and Capital Standards regulatory capital reforms from the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (which we refer to as the “Basel Committee”) and certain changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act (which we refer to as the “Basel III Rules”), which establish a stricter regulatory capital framework that requires banking organizations to hold more and higher-quality capital to act as a financial cushion to absorb losses and help banking organizations better withstand periods of financial stress. The Basel III Rules increase capital ratios for all banking organizations and introduce a “capital conservation buffer,” which is in addition to each capital ratio. If a banking organization dips into its capital conservation buffer, it would be subject to limitations on certain activities including payment of dividends, share repurchases and discretionary bonuses to executive officers.

In calculating our risk-based ratios, we must apply risk weights to its various asset classes. The Basel III Rules assign higher risk weights to exposures to various categories of assets, including certain credit facilities that finance the acquisition, development or construction of real property, certain exposures or credits that are 90 days past due or on nonaccrual, foreign exposures and certain corporate exposures. The Basel III Rules also require unrealized gains and losses on certain available-for-sale securities holdings to be included for purposes of calculating regulatory capital requirements unless a one-time opt-out is exercised. The Basel III Rules also include changes in what constitutes regulatory capital, some of which are subject to a two-year transition period. These changes include the phasing-out of certain instruments as qualifying capital. In addition, Tier 2 capital is no longer limited to the amount of Tier 1 capital included in total capital. Mortgage servicing rights, some uncertain deferred tax assets and investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries in excess of designated percentages of common stock are required to be deducted from capital, subject to a two-year transition period. The Basel III Rules became effective January 1, 2015. The conservation buffer began to be phased in beginning in 2016 and will take full effect on January 1, 2019.

Although we currently cannot predict the specific impact and long-term effects that the Basel III Rules will have on us and the banking industry more generally, we will be required to maintain higher regulatory capital levels, which could impact our operations, net income and ability to grow.

 

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Changes in the federal, state or local tax laws may negatively impact our financial performance.

Changes in tax law could increase our effective tax rates. Such changes may be retroactive to previous periods and as a result could negatively affect our current and future financial performance. The Tax Reform Act, the full impact of which we are still analyzing, is likely to have both positive and negative effects on our financial performance. For example, the new legislation will result in a reduction in federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% beginning in 2018, which will have a favorable impact on our earnings and capital generation abilities. However, the new legislation also enacted limitations on certain deductions, such as the deduction of FDIC deposit insurance premiums, which will partially offset the anticipated increase in net earnings from the lower tax rate. In addition, as a result of the lower corporate tax rate, we revalued our ending net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017 and recognized a provisional $1.3 million tax expense in our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017. The impact of the Tax Reform Act may differ from the foregoing, possibly materially, due to changes in interpretations or in assumptions that we have made, guidance or regulations that may be promulgated, and other actions that we may take as a result of the Tax Reform Act. Similarly, our customers are likely to experience varying effects from both the individual and business tax provisions of the Tax Reform Act and such effects, whether positive or negative, may have a corresponding impact on our business and the economy as a whole.

Our ability to pay dividends is limited, and we may be unable to pay future dividends.

Our ability to pay dividends will be limited by regulatory restrictions and our need to maintain sufficient capital. The ability of the Virginia Commonwealth Bank to pay dividends to the Company also will be limited by the Virginia Commonwealth Bank’s obligations to maintain sufficient capital, earnings and liquidity and by other general restrictions on its dividends under federal and state bank regulatory requirements. Any future financing arrangements that we enter into may also limit our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders. If we do not satisfy these regulatory requirements or arrangements, we will be unable to pay dividends on our common stock. Further, even if we have earnings and available cash in an amount sufficient to pay dividends to our shareholders of common stock, the Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, may decide to retain them and therefore not pay dividends in the future.

If we fail to pay interest on or otherwise default on our subordinated notes, we will be prohibited from paying dividends or distributions on our common stock.

As of December 31, 2017, we had $7.0 million of subordinated notes outstanding. The agreements under which the subordinated notes were issued prohibit us from paying any dividends on our common stock or making any other distributions to our shareholders upon our failure to make any required payment of principal or interest on the notes or during the continuance of an event of default under the applicable agreement. Events of default generally consist of, among other things, certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or liquidation relating to us. If we were to fail to make a required payment of principal or interest on our subordinated notes, we would be prohibited from paying any dividends or making any other distributions to our shareholders or from redeeming or repurchasing any of our common stock, which could have a material adverse effect on the market value of our common stock.

Our governing documents and Virginia law contain anti-takeover provisions that could negatively impact our shareholders.

Our articles of incorporation and bylaws and the Virginia Stock Corporation Act contain certain provisions designed to enhance the ability of our board of directors to deal with attempts to acquire control of the Company. These provisions and the ability to set the voting rights, preferences and other terms of any series of preferred stock that may be issued, may be deemed to have an anti-takeover effect and may discourage takeovers (which certain shareholders may deem to be in their best interest). To the extent that such takeover attempts are discouraged, temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock resulting from actual or rumored takeover attempts may be inhibited. These provisions also could discourage or make more difficult a merger, tender offer or proxy contest, even though such transactions may be favorable to the interests of shareholders, and could potentially adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

ITEM 1B: UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not required.

 

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ITEM 2: PROPERTIES

The Company, through its subsidiaries, owns or leases buildings and office space that are used in the normal course of business. The headquarters of each of the Company, the Bank, and the Financial Group are located at 1801 Bayberry Court, Richmond, Virginia, in a space leased by the Bank.

Unless otherwise noted, the properties listed below are owned by the Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017.

 

Virginia Commonwealth Bank:    4600 W. Hundred Road, Chester, Virginia
   3209 Boulevard, Colonial Heights, Virginia
   1118 Courthouse Road, Richmond, Virginia
   1421 W. City Point Road, Hopewell, Virginia (leased)
   100 South Main Street, Kilmarnock, Virginia
   1965 Wakefield Street, Petersburg, Virginia
   1703 A North Main Street, Suffolk, Virginia
   900 N. Parham Road, Richmond, Virginia
   708 Rappahannock Drive, White Stone, Virginia
   4935 Richmond Road, Warsaw, Virginia
   15648 Kings Highway, Montross, Virginia
   18 Sandy Street, Callao, Virginia
   15104 Northumberland Highway, Burgess, Virginia
   680 McKenney Boulevard, Colonial Beach, Virginia
   11450 Robious Road, North Chesterfield, Virginia
   10880 General Puller Highway, Hartfield, Virginia (leased)
   5711 Patterson Avenue, Richmond, Virginia (leased)
   1801 Bayberry Court, Suite 101, Richmond, Virginia (leased)

ITEM 3: LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the ordinary course of its operations, the Company is a party to various legal proceedings. Based upon information currently available, management believes that such legal proceedings, in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition, or results of operations of the Company.

ITEM 4: MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5: MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company’s common stock is quoted on the OTC Markets Group’s OTCQB tier under the symbol “BAYK” and transactions generally involve a small number of shares. There were 13,223,096 shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding at the close of business on March 23, 2018, which were held by 804 shareholders of record.

The following table provides the high and low closing sales prices of the Company’s common stock and cash dividends declared for the quarterly periods during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

 

     Market Values      Dividends Declared  
     2017      2016                
     High      Low      High      Low      2017      2016  

First Quarter

   $ 9.41      $ 7.66      $ 5.95      $ 5.61      $ —        $ —    

Second Quarter

     9.50        9.00        6.10        5.61        0.04        —    

Third Quarter

     9.70        9.25        6.15        5.92        0.04        —    

Fourth Quarter

     10.40        9.62        7.75        6.06        0.04        —    

A discussion of certain restrictions and limitations on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company, and the ability of the Company to pay dividends to shareholders of its common stock, is set forth in Part I, Item 1, Business, of this Form 10-K under the heading “Supervision and Regulation.”

 

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The dividend type, amount and timing are established by the Company’s Board of Directors. In making its decisions regarding the payment of dividends on the Company’s common stock, the Board considers operating results, financial condition, capital adequacy, regulatory requirements, shareholder return, and other factors.

On December 17, 2014, the Company announced a share repurchase program pursuant to which it is authorized to repurchase up to 240,892 shares of its common stock. The share repurchase program was authorized to last through December 31, 2015. On November 12, 2015, the Board of Directors extended the share repurchase program until December 31, 2016, with no further extension granted after such date. A total of 43,000 shares have been repurchased as of December 31, 2016. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its Common Stock during 2017.

ITEM 6: SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

     As of and for the Year Ended December 31,  
(Dollars in thousand, except per share amounts)    2017     2016     2015     2014     2013  

Operations:

          

Net interest income

   $ 27,699     $ 14,411     $ 13,219     $ 11,935     $ 10,614  

Provision for loan losses

     4,934       287       1,597       611       776  

Noninterest income

     3,684       4,610       3,359       3,681       4,726  

Noninterest expense

     26,924       15,233       14,802       12,618       12,943  

Tax expense (benefit)

     797       966       (187     557       399  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net (loss) income

   $ (1,272   $ 2,535     $ 366     $ 1,830     $ 1,222  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Share Data:

          

Basic income (loss) per share

   $ (0.14   $ 0.53     $ 0.08     $ 0.38     $ 0.25  

Diluted income (loss) per share

     (0.14     0.53       0.08       0.38       0.25  

Cash dividends per common share

     0.12       —         —         —         —    

Tangible book value per share (non-GAAP)(1)

     7.88       8.61       8.16       8.09       7.65  

Weighted average common shares:

          

Basic

     9,399,223       4,774,856       4,791,722       4,818,377       4,816,859  

Diluted

     9,399,223       4,799,946       4,805,318       4,829,581       4,819,343  

Balance Sheet:

          

Assets

   $ 970,556     $ 486,710     $ 456,296     $ 390,486     $ 331,135  

Loans, net of allowance

     758,726       381,537       343,323       295,242       247,912  

Allowance for loan losses

     7,770       3,863       4,223       3,205       2,925  

Deposits

     761,846       381,718       359,858       307,585       268,346  

Total liabilities

     856,002       445,005       416,727       351,248       293,999  

Total stockholders’ equity

     114,554       41,705       39,569       39,238       37,136  

Profitability Measures:

          

Return on average assets

     (0.17 %)      0.55     0.09     0.53     0.37

Return on average equity

     (1.58 %)      6.19     0.92     4.76     3.32

Net interest margin

     3.98     3.40     3.48     3.85     3.53

Yield on earning assets

     4.83     4.22     4.26     4.54     4.46

Cost of funds

     0.91     0.84     0.81     0.72     0.96

Capital Ratios:

          

Total equity to assets

     11.80     8.56     8.67     10.05     11.21

Tier 1 leverage ratio

     10.99     8.67     8.84     10.35     10.93

Asset Quality:

          

Nonperforming assets to total assets

     1.12     1.60     1.82     1.22     2.01

Net charge-offs to average loans

     0.17     0.17     0.18     0.12     0.39

Allowance for loan losses to loans

     1.01     1.00     1.22     1.07     1.17

Classified assets to Tier 1 capital plus allowance for loan losses

     13.77     25.99     25.80     21.72     29.57

 

(1) Tangible equity is net of goodwill and core deposit intangible, offset by applicable tax effect.

ITEM 7: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion provides information about the major components of the results of operations and financial condition, liquidity and capital resources of Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc., and its subsidiaries. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements presented in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, in this Form 10-K.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Company believes that its accomplishments in 2017 have been transformative and provide momentum for 2018 and beyond. Aided by the April 1, 2017 merger with Virginia Bancorp (see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this

Form 10-K), the Company nearly doubled its assets in 2017, growing from $486.7 million at December 31, 2016 to $970.6 million at December 31, 2017. Following the merger, the Company repositioned its headquarters from Kilmarnock, Virginia to Richmond, Virginia, seizing upon the talent and customer opportunities in one of the East Coast’s most robust economic markets, Richmond. With the move, the Company expanded its sales force in Richmond and Hampton Roads, made key additions to the executive team and substantially boosted the Company’s platform to generate core lending activity. Organic loan growth was 29.3% for the year or $112.9 million. Loans receivable increased from $381.2 million at December 31, 2016 to $766.3 million at December 31, 2017, including loans acquired in the merger with Virginia BanCorp.

 

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The Company reported a net loss in 2017 of $1.3 million, or $0.14 per share compared to net income of $2.5 million, or $0.53 per share in 2016. The Company experienced a decline in earnings primarily due to one-time merger and system conversion expenses of $2.0 million, tax expense from the Tax Reform Act of $1.3 million, and additional provision for loan loss expense of $4.9 million due to growth in the loan portfolio and elevated charge-offs in a consumer loan pool.

Net interest income is the Company’s primary source of revenue and is the difference between the Company’s interest income from interest earning assets, primarily loans and the cost of its interest bearing liabilities, primarily deposits. Net interest income increased $13.3 million or 92% in 2017 to $27.7 million from $14.4 million. Growth in net interest income was due primarily to growth in average loan balances and a higher net interest margin on earning assets. The average balance of earning assets increased from $430.9 million in 2016 to $702.1 million in 2017, primarily due to the merger with Virginia BanCorp. Yield on those assets increased from an average of 4.22% to 4.83%, which resulted in a higher net interest margin on all earning assets of 3.92% in 2017 compared to 3.40% in 2016. Cost of liabilities increased 4 basis points for the year from 1.01% to 1.05%.

In the fourth quarter, the Company updated its April 1, 2017 fair market value of Virginia BanCorp’s balance sheet to better reflect the fair value of a pool of consumer loans acquired in the merger. As a result of elevated charge offs since the merger, the fair value of this portfolio was adjusted down by $2.2 million to more accurately reflect the fair value at the acquisition date. The book value of this portfolio was $17.4 million immediately prior to the merger and has paid down to $11.1 million at December 31, 2017. The decline in fair value of these loans resulted in a $1.4 million increase in goodwill, which translated into a $0.11 per share decrease in the Company’s tangible book value as of April 1, 2017. Loans charged-off since the merger date from this acquired portfolio totaled $696 thousand.

Asset quality improved during the year even as the Company nearly doubled its allowance for loan and lease losses, increasing it from $3.9 million at December 31, 2016 to $7.8 million at December 31, 2017. Classified assets declined as a percentage of Tier one capital plus allowance for loan losses from 26.0% at December 31, 2016 to 13.8% at December 31, 2017. Non-accruing loans represented 0.8% of all loans at December 31, 2017 and declined as a percentage from 1.3% the prior year.

Finally, the Bank’s core capital levels and regulatory ratios remain well above regulatory “well capitalized” standards affording the Company significant capacity for growth and pursuing opportunities.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

GENERAL. The Company’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The financial information contained within its statements is, to a significant extent, financial information that is based on measures of the financial effects of transactions and events that have already occurred. A variety of factors could affect the ultimate value that is obtained either when earning income, recognizing an expense, recovering an asset or relieving a liability. For example, historical loss factors are one factor in determining the inherent loss that may be present in the loan portfolio. Actual losses could differ significantly from the historical factors used. In addition, GAAP itself may change from one previously acceptable method to another method. Although the economics of transactions would be the same, the timing of events that would impact those transactions could change.

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES (“ALL”). The ALL reflects management’s judgment of probable loan losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. Management uses a disciplined process and methodology to establish the ALL each quarter. To determine the total ALL, the Company estimates the reserves needed for each homogenous segment and class of the portfolio, plus any loans analyzed individually for impairment. Depending on the nature of each segment and class, considerations include historical loss experience, adverse situations that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay, credit scores, past due history, estimated value of any underlying collateral, prevailing local and national economic conditions, and internal policies and procedures including credit risk management and underwriting. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as conditions change.

Management employs a risk rating system to evaluate and consistently categorize loan portfolio credit risk. Prior to the merger, loans that were assigned risk rating grades included all commercial loans not secured by real estate, commercial mortgages, residential mortgages greater than $1 million, smaller residential mortgages which were impaired, loans to real estate developers and contractors, consumer loans greater than $250 thousand with chronic delinquency, and troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). All other loans that were not specifically assigned a risk rating grade were monitored as a discrete pool of loans generally based on delinquency status. Subsequent to the merger and core system conversion, with the exception of purchased consumer loan pools, all loans are risk rated using loan risk grading software that employs a variety of algorithms based on detailed account characteristics, which include a borrower’s payment history on a total relationship basis, as well as loan to value exposure. For non-homogeneous loans, management reviews these resulting grade assignments and makes adjustments to the final grade where appropriate based on an assessment of additional external information that may affect a particular loan. Purchased consumer loan pools are evaluated on a homogenous basis such that any balances past due by 90 days or more are rated substandard. Risk rating categories are as follows:

Pass – Borrower is strong or sound and collateral securing the loan, if any, is adequate.

Watch – Borrower exhibits some signs of financial stress but is generally believed to be a satisfactory customer and collateral, if any, may be in excess of 90% of the loan balance.

Special Mention – Adverse trends in the borrower’s financial position are evident and warrant management’s close attention. Any collateral may not be fully adequate to secure the loan balance.

Substandard – A loan in this category has a well-defined weakness in the primary repayment source that jeopardizes the timely collection of the debt. There is a distinct possibility that a loss may result if the weakness is not corrected.

Doubtful – Default has already occurred and it is likely that foreclosure or repossession procedures have begun or will begin in the near future. Weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently existing information, highly questionable and improbable.

Loss – Uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted.

 

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The ALL consists of specific, general, and unallocated components. The specific component is determined by identifying impaired loans (as described below) then evaluating each one to calculate the amount of impairment. Impaired loans measured for impairment generally include: (1) any loan risk rated Special mention or worse where the borrower has filed for bankruptcy; (2) all loans risk rated Substandard or worse with balances of $400 thousand or more; and (3) all loans classified as a TDR. A specific allowance arises when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component collectively evaluates smaller commercial loans, residential mortgages and consumer loans, grouped into segments and classes. Historical loss experience is calculated and applied to each segment or class, then adjusted for qualitative factors. Qualitative factors include changes in local and national economic indicators, such as unemployment rates, interest rates, gross domestic product growth and real estate market trends; the level of past due and nonaccrual loans; risk ratings on individual loans; strength of credit policies and procedures; loan officer experience; borrower credit scores; and other intrinsic risks related to the types and geographic locations of loans. These qualitative adjustments reflect management’s judgment of risks inherent in the segments. An unallocated component is maintained if needed to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. Changes in the allowance for loan losses and the related provision expense can materially affect net income.

The specific component of the ALL calculation accounts for the loan loss reserve necessary on impaired loans. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not considered impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Accrual of interest may or may not be discontinued for any given impaired loan. Impairment is measured by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Because large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment, the Company does not generally separately identify smaller balance individual consumer and residential loans for impairment disclosures, unless such loans are the subject of a troubled debt restructuring agreement.

The general component of the ALL calculation collectively evaluates groups of loans in segments and classes, as noted above. The segments are: (1) Mortgage loans on real estate; (2) Commercial and industrial loans; and (3) Consumer and other loans. The segment for Mortgage loans on real estate is disaggregated into the following classes: (1) Construction, land and land development; (2) Farmland; (3) Residential first mortgages; (4) Residential revolving and junior mortgages; (5) Commercial mortgages (non-owner-occupied); and (6) Commercial mortgages (owner-occupied). Loans in segment 1 are secured by real estate. Loans in segments 2 and 3 are secured by other types of collateral or are unsecured. A given segment or class may not reflect the purpose of a loan. For example, a business owner may provide his residence as collateral for a loan to his company, in which case the loan would be grouped in a residential mortgage class. Historical loss factors are calculated for the prior 20 quarters by segment and class, and then applied to the current balances in each segment and class.

The summation of the specific, general and unallocated components results in the total estimated ALL. Management may also include an unallocated component to cover uncertainties in the level of probable losses. This estimate is inherently subjective and actual losses could be greater or less than the estimates.

Additions to the ALL are made by charges to earnings through the provision for loan losses. Charge-offs result from credit exposures deemed to be uncollectible and the ALL is reduced by these. Recoveries of previously charged off amounts are credited back to the ALL. Charge-off policies are materially the same for all types of loans.

GOODWILL. The Company has goodwill relating to the purchase of five branches during the years 1994 through 2000 and the merger with Virginia BanCorp in 2017. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment. The test performed using financial information as of September 30, 2017 found no impairment. Subsequently, the Company updated its consideration of goodwill impairment as of December 31, 2017, and reaffirmed that no impairment existed.

BUSINESS COMBINATION. The Company accounts for assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805, “Business Combinations.” Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the acquired business are recorded at their respective fair values. Any difference between consideration paid for the business and the net fair value of assets and liabilities is recognized as goodwill.

 

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OVERVIEW

2017 Compared to 2016

Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. recorded a net loss for 2017 of $1.3 million, or ($0.14) per basic and diluted share, as compared to net income of $2.5 million, or $0.53 per basic and diluted share, in 2016. This is a decrease of $3.8 million. Net interest income for 2017 was $27.7 million, as compared to $14.4 million for 2016, an increase of 92.2%. Provision expense for loan losses was $4.9 million in 2017 compared to $287 thousand in 2016. Non-interest income decreased 20.1% to $3.7 million in 2017 from $4.6 million in 2016 due mainly to losses on other real estate, losses on disposals of fixed assets and a decrease in gains on sales of securities. Non-interest expense was $26.9 million in 2017 compared to $15.2 million in 2016. The increase in non-interest expense is primarily due to the merger with Virginia BanCorp, including merger and system conversion expenses of $2.0 million and core deposit intangible amortization of $679 thousand. Non-recurring expenses in 2017 also included $457 thousand relating to the succession of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.

Performance as measured by the Company’s return on average assets was a loss of (0.17%) for 2017 compared to 0.55% for 2016. Performance as measured by return on average equity was a loss of (1.58%) for 2017 compared to 6.19% for 2016. The table below details certain financial and statistical information for the Company relating to income and returns.

Return on Equity & Assets

 

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)    2017     2016     2015  

Net Income (Loss)

   $ (1,272   $ 2,535     $ 366  

Average Total Assets

     763,443       464,011       416,872  

Return on Average Assets

     (0.17 %)      0.55     0.09

Average Equity

   $ 80,503     $ 40,974     $ 39,740  

Return on Average Equity

     (1.58 %)      6.19     0.92

Cash Dividends declared per share

   $ 0.12     $ —       $ —    

Average Shares Outstanding

     9,399,223       4,774,856       4,791,722  

Average Diluted Shares Outstanding

     9,399,223       4,799,946       4,805,318  

Net Income (Loss) per Share

   $ (0.14   $ 0.53     $ 0.08  

Net Income (Loss) per Diluted Share

     (0.14     0.53       0.08  

Annualized Cash Dividend Payout Ratio

     NM       0.00     0.00

Average Equity to Average Assets Ratio

     10.54     8.83     9.53

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Interest Income

The principal source of earnings for the Company is net interest income. Net interest income is the amount by which interest income exceeds interest expense. The net interest margin is net interest income expressed as a percentage of interest earning assets. Changes in the volume and mix of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, the associated yields and rates, and the volume of non-performing assets have a significant impact on net interest income, the net interest margin, and ultimately net income.

 

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The following table shows details of yields on interest-earning assets (e.g. loans), costs of interest-bearing liabilities (e.g. deposits) and the resulting net interest margins for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Average Balances, Income and Expense, Yields and Rates

 

(Fully taxable equivalent basis)

                        
Years ended December 31,    2017     2016     2015  
(Dollars in Thousands)    Average
Balance
     Income/
Expense
     Yield/
Cost
    Average
Balance
     Income/
Expense
     Yield/
Cost
    Average
Balance
     Income/
Expense
     Yield/
Cost
 

INTEREST EARNING ASSETS:

                        

Taxable Investments

   $ 49,022      $ 1,399        2.85   $ 32,030      $ 904        2.82   $ 27,029      $ 565        2.09

Tax-Exempt Investments (1)

     18,466        640        3.47     21,611        752        3.48     18,545        597        3.22
  

 

 

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total Investments

     67,488        2,039        3.02     53,641        1,656        3.09     45,574        1,162        2.55

Gross Loans (2)(3)

     601,469        31,330        5.21     357,791        16,388        4.58     319,597        15,202        4.76

Interest-Bearing Deposits and Federal Funds Sold

     29,391        474        1.61     14,317        65        0.45     17,530        34        0.19

Certificates of deposit

     3,720        74        1.99     5,108        83        1.62     3,421        52        1.52
  

 

 

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total Interest Earning Assets

   $ 702,068      $ 33,917        4.83   $ 430,857      $ 18,192        4.22   $ 386,122      $ 16,450        4.26

INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES:

                        

Savings Deposits

   $ 53,193      $ 130        0.24   $ 42,918      $ 90        0.21   $ 42,716      $ 76        0.18

NOW Deposits

     76,558        142        0.19     41,752        75        0.18     41,030        61        0.15

Time Deposits => $100,000

     247,839        3,408        1.38     128,907        1,770        1.37     119,841        1,691        1.41

Money Market Deposit Accounts

     116,419        833        0.71     86,955        627        0.72     63,830        557        0.87
  

 

 

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total Deposits

     494,009        4,513        0.91     300,532        2,562        0.85     267,417        2,385        0.89

Federal Funds Purchased

     1,158        11        0.95     232        2        1.06     578        6        1.03

Securities Sold Under Repurchase Agreements

     13,904        15        0.11     9,299        15        0.16     7,612        12        0.15

Subordinated Debt and other borrowings

     7,427        482        6.48     6,852        472        6.88     4,046        279        6.90

FHLB Advances

     52,500        980        1.87     30,869        474        1.54     32,713        352        1.08
  

 

 

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities

   $ 568,998      $ 6,001        1.05   $ 347,784      $ 3,525        1.01   $ 312,366      $ 3,034        0.97

Net interest income and net interest margin

      $ 27,916        3.98      $ 14,667        3.40      $ 13,416        3.48

Non-interest-bearing deposits

   $ 89,037        —          0.00   $ 71,725        —          0.00   $ 61,825        —          0.00

Total cost of funds

           0.91           0.84           0.81

Net interest spread

           3.92           3.38           3.45

Notes:

 

(1) Income and yield is tax-equivalent assuming a federal tax rate of 34%.
(2) Includes Visa credit card program, nonaccrual loans, and fees.
(3) Includes accretion of fair value adjustment of $1.9 million in 2017

Net interest income, on a tax-equivalent basis, increased to $27.9 million in 2017 from $14.7 million in 2016, as the increase in interest income exceeded the increase in interest expense. Interest income for 2017, on a tax-equivalent basis, was $33.9 million, an increase of $15.7 million from 2016 due to loans acquired in the merger with Virginia BanCorp, organic loan portfolio growth, and accretion income. Interest expense for 2017 was $6.0 million, an increase of $2.5 million compared to 2016, due primarily to deposits acquired in the merger, as well as an organic increase in the deposit base. The net interest margin increased to 3.98% in 2017 from 3.40% in 2016 as a result of an increase in loan yields and accretion income.

The net interest spread, which is the difference between the annualized yield on earning assets and the total cost of funds, increased to 3.92% for 2017, compared to 3.38% for 2016.

The increase in average total earning assets is due mainly to a $243.7 million increase in average loan balances, which was a result of loans acquired in the merger and new loan activity. Loan yield improved to 5.21% in 2017 from 4.58% in 2016 as a result of higher yield on new loan originations as well as accretion of fair value marks from the acquired loan portfolio. Average total investments also increased by $13.8 million since December 31, 2016 while investment yields slightly decreased by seven basis points in 2017 compared to 2016. Although the Federal Open Market Committee has commenced increases in short term rates, long-term rates, which are generally the rates that affect the Bank’s yields, have not increased.

The increase in average interest-bearing liabilities was due mainly to the increase of $193.5 million in average deposit balances, which was a result of deposits acquired in the merger and growth in deposit base. The cost of FHLB advances was 1.87% in 2017 compared to 1.54% in 2016. Average non-interest-bearing deposits grew $17.3 million during 2017. Total cost of funds was 0.91% in 2017 compared to 0.84% in 2016, due mainly to overall higher costs of deposits as well as higher FHLB balances.

 

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Volume and Rate Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Income

 

     2017 vs. 2016     2016 vs. 2015  
(Dollars in Thousands)    Increase (Decrease)     Increase (Decrease)  
     Due to Changes in:     Due to Changes in:  
     Volume (1)     Rate (1)     Total     Volume (1)     Rate (1)     Total  

Earning Assets:

            

Taxable investments

   $ 478     $ 17     $ 495     $ 104     $ 235     $ 339  

Tax-exempt investments (2)

     (110     (2     (112     99       56       155  

Gross loans (3)

     11,159       3,783       14,942       1,817       (631     1,186  

Certificates of deposit

     68       341       409       26       5       31  

Interest-bearing deposits

     (23     14       (9     (7     35       28  

Federal funds sold

     —         —         —         —         3       3  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest earning assets

   $ 11,572     $ 4,153     $ 15,725     $ 2,039     $ (297   $ 1,742  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Interest-Bearing Liabilities:

            

NOW checking

   $ 63     $ 4     $ 67     $ 1     $ 13     $ 14  

Savings deposits

     22       18       40       —         14       14  

Money market accounts

     212       (6     206       202       (132     70  

Time deposits

     1,628       10       1,638       187       (108     79  

Federal funds purchased

     10       (1     9       (4     —         (4

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

     7       (7     —         3       —         3  

Subordinated notes

     39       (29     10       194       (1     193  

FHLB advances

     334       172       506       (20     142       122  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest-bearing liabilities

   $ 2,315     $ 161     $ 2,476     $ 563     $ (72   $ 491  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Change in net interest income

   $ 9,257     $ 3,992     $ 13,249     $ 1,476     $ (225   $ 1,251  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Notes:

 

(1) Changes caused by the combination of rate and volume are allocated based on the percentage caused by each.
(2) Income and yields are reported on a tax-equivalent basis, assuming a federal tax rate of 34%.
(3) Impact of loan accretion reflected in changes in rate.

As indicated in the volume and rate analysis, the growth in loans in 2017 was the primary driver of the improved net interest income. The increase in interest expense was driven mainly by overall increases in cost of time deposits and higher FHLB advance balances.

Interest Sensitivity

The Company employs a variety of measurement techniques to identify and manage its exposure to changing interest rates and subsequent changes in liquidity. The Company utilizes simulation models that estimate the effect of interest rate changes on net interest income and the economic value of equity. The Company engages an asset-liability management consultant to assist with the management of interest rate risk, liquidity risk and balance sheet strategy. The Bank’s Asset Liability Committee (the “ALCO”) is responsible for monitoring interest rate risk and is composed of appointed members from management and the Board of Directors. Through the use of simulations, the ALCO reviews the overall magnitude of interest rate risk and then formulates policy with which to manage asset growth, funding sources, pricing, and off-balance sheet commitments. These decisions are based on management’s plans for growth, expectations regarding future interest rate movements, economic conditions both locally and nationally, and other business and risk factors.

The simulation models indicate that the Bank’s balance sheet is neutral to asset sensitive, which management believes is favorable in the current interest rate environment. This means that as rates rise, interest-earning assets should reprice as fast, or faster than interest-bearing liabilities, allowing interest income to rise as fast or faster than interest expense. Thus, net interest income should remain stable or grow. Moderate growth in the balance sheet is expected to assure continued growth in net interest income.

 

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Non-Interest Income

Non-interest income for 2017 totaled $3.7 million, a decrease of $926 thousand, or 20.1%, compared to $4.6 million for 2016. The difference in non-interest income was primarily driven by the following changes:

 

    In 2017, the Company realized $2 thousand in gains on the sale of securities compared to $435 thousand in 2016, a decrease of $433 thousand.

 

    Losses on the sale of other real estate owned (“OREO”) were higher in 2017 than 2016 by $94 thousand.

 

    A $295 thousand decrease in secondary market lending fees caused by a decline in mortgage lending activity.

 

    Fiduciary fees decreased $63 thousand in 2017 compared to 2016.

Non-Interest Expense

For 2017, non-interest expenses totaled $26.9 million, an increase of $11.7 million, or 77.0%, compared to $15.2 million for 2016. The increase in non-interest expense was primarily the result of the following increases:

 

    $5.4 million in salaries and employee benefits driven by the increase in our employee base following the merger with Virginia BanCorp in April 2017.

 

    $942 thousand in occupancy due to additional bank properties acquired in the April 2017 merger.

 

    $1.4 million in merger related costs, including costs of system conversion.

 

    $679 thousand in intangible amortization due to core deposit intangible acquired in the April 2017 merger.

All other expenses, as detailed in the accompanying audited financial statements, increased due to the April 1, 2017 merger which approximately doubled the size of bank operations. The Company expects that, in addition to supporting its increased asset size, non-interest expenses could remain elevated in 2018 as the Company completes expenses related to the succession of its Chief Financial Officer in the first quarter of 2018, continues to add talented bankers and key leadership positions to foster continued growth and improves its financial reporting process.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense was $797 thousand in 2017 compared to $966 thousand in 2016. This is directly attributable to the Company’s relationship of tax-exempt income to pretax income (loss) as well as recognition of the effect of the Tax Reform Act which had an impact of $1.3 million in Income Tax Expenses in 2017. Income tax expense (benefit) corresponds to an effective rate of (167.8%) and 27.6% for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Refer to Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for a reconciliation between the amounts of income tax expense computed using the federal statutory income tax rate and actual income tax expense. Also included in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K is information regarding deferred taxes for 2017 and 2016.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Loans

Per the following table, which does not include deferred loan costs, fees and premiums, the loan portfolio grew during 2017 with balances increasing by $381.3 million, or 99.0% to $766.3 million as of December 31, 2017, compared to December 31, 2016 balances of $385.0 million. This increase was a result of new loans with a net growth effect of $115.0 million and loan portfolio acquired in the merger, which amounted to $266.1 million as of April 1, 2017. Mortgage loans on real estate represent the largest category, comprising 79.6% of the loan portfolio at December 31, 2017. Of these balances, 1-4 family residential loans, which comprise the majority of real estate loan balances at $315.9 million, increased by $95.4 million, or 43.3%. Other loans secured by real estate, the majority of which are commercial in nature, increased by $149.6 million, or 193.9%, and represent 29.6% of the loan portfolio at year-end 2017 as compared to 20.0% at year-end 2016. Construction and land loans increased $26.2 million, or 65.9%. Commercial and industrial loan balances increased by $71.1 million, or 165.2%, and represented 14.9% of total loans at year-end 2017 as compared to 11.2% at year-end 2016. Consumer and other loans increased by $39.0 million in 2017 and represented 5.6% of total loans at year end 2017 as compared to 0.9% at year end 2016.

Types of Loans

 

     As of December 31,     As of December 31,     As of December 31,     As of December 31,     As of December 31,  
     2017     2016     2015     2014     2013  
(Dollars in thousands)    Amount      % of Total     Amount      % of Total     Amount      % of Total     Amount      % of Total     Amount      % of Total  

Mortgage loans on real estate:

                         

Construction and land loans

   $ 66,042        8.6   $ 39,818        10.3   $ 42,129        12.1   $ 43,048        14.4   $ 31,839        12.7

Secured by farmland

     923        0.1     1,023        0.3     1,030        0.3     1,128        0.4     1,262        0.5

Secured by 1-4 family residential

     315,863        41.2     220,432        57.3     190,902        55.0     160,667        53.9     138,502        55.3

Commercial real estate loans

     226,809        29.6     77,168        20.0     73,042        21.0     53,860        18.1     48,803        19.5

Commercial and industrial loans

     114,093        14.9     43,024        11.2     35,104        10.1     34,002        11.4     23,939        9.6

(not secured by real estate)

                         

Consumer and other

     42,566        5.6     3,544        0.9     5,015        1.4     5,349        1.8     5,986        2.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 766,296        100.0   $ 385,009        100.0   $ 347,222        100.0   $ 298,054        100.0   $ 250,331        100.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Notes:

Deferred loan costs and fees not included.

 

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Loan Maturity Schedule of Selected Loans

As of December 31, 2017

(Dollars in thousands)    Commercial and
Industrial
     Construction,
Land and
Land Development
 

Within one year

   $ 12,708      $ 22,341  

Variable Rate

     

One to Five Years

     32,020        4,514  

After Five Years

     40,134        17,013  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Variable Rate

     72,154        21,527  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Fixed Rate

     

One to Five Years

     23,097        15,270  

After Five Years

     6,134        6,904  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Fixed Rate

     29,231        22,174  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Maturities

   $ 114,093      $ 66,042  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Asset Quality – Provision and Allowance for Loan Losses

The provision for loan losses is a charge against earnings that is necessary to maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level consistent with management’s evaluation of the loan portfolio’s inherent risk. For a detailed description of the ALL calculation, refer to Note 7 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

As shown in the following table, the provision for loan losses was $4.9 million in 2017 compared to $287 thousand in 2016. After net charge-offs of $1.0 million, the ALL is $7.7 million as of December 31, 2017 compared to $3.9 million as of December 31, 2016. The increase in the provision expense and ALL is due primarily to organic loan growth, which excludes acquired loans at merger, downgrading of consumer loans purchased since the merger with Virginia BanCorp, and partly due to chargeoffs. Net charge-offs represents 0.17% of average loans compared to 0.17% in 2016. The quantitative portion of the ALL for non-impaired loans continues to decline as average net charge-offs included in the model continue to decline and that decline is being offset by an increase in qualitative factors. Qualitative factors increased partially due to adjustments to a pool of consumer loans purchased since the merger with Virginia BanCorp. As of December 31, 2017, management considered the allowance for loan losses to be sufficient to cover estimated potential loss exposure inherent in the loan portfolio.

Allowance for Loan Losses

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2017     2016     2015     2014     2013  
(Dollars in thousands)                               

Balance, beginning of period

   $ 3,863     $ 4,223     $ 3,205     $ 2,925     $ 3,094  

Loans charged off:

          

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

     (577     (735     (521     (313     (879

Commercial and industrial

     (729     (158     (9     —         (17

Consumer and other (including Visa program)

     (171     (53     (128     (79     (132
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans charged off

     (1,477     (946     (658     (392     (1,028
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Recoveries of loans previously charged off:

          

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

     91       254       27       36       68  

Commercial and industrial

     263       61       —         —         1  

Consumer and other (including Visa program)

     96       11       52       25       14  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total recoveries

     450       326       79       61       83  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net charge offs

     (1,027     (620     (579     (331     (945

Reclassification of allowance related to sold loans

     —         (27     —         —         —    

Provision for loan losses

     4,934       287       1,597       611       776  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

   $ 7,770     $ 3,863     $ 4,223     $ 3,205     $ 2,925  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Average loans outstanding during the period

   $ 601,469     $ 357,791     $ 319,597     $ 266,016     $ 240,964  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ratio of net charge-offs during the period to average loans outstanding during the period

     0.17     0.17     0.18     0.12     0.39

 

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As of December 31, 2017, the ratio of the allowance for loan losses to total loans was 1.01% as compared to 1.00% as of December 31, 2016.

Allocation of the Allowance for Loan Losses

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
(Dollars in Thousands)    2017     2016     2015     2014     2013  

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

   $ 3,864        49.7   $ 3,318        87.9   $ 3,502        88.4   $ 2,778        86.8   $ 2,466        88.0

Commercial and industrial

     878        11.3     493        11.2     599        10.1     323        11.4     256        9.6

Consumer and other

     3,028        39.0     52        0.9     122        1.5     104        1.8     203        2.4

Unallocated

     —          0.0     —          0.0     —          0.0     —          0.0     —          0.0
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

    

Total

   $ 7,770        100.0   $ 3,863        100.0   $ 4,223        100.0   $ 3,205        100.0   $ 2,925        100.0
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

    

Higher charge-offs than originally estimated in a pool of consumer loans acquired in the merger caused management to reevaluate similar loans purchased since the merger. As a result an additional $2.2 million was allocated to the consumer segment.

Non-Performing Assets

As of December 31, 2017, non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets was 1.1%, compared to 1.6% at year-end 2016. The coverage ratio of allowance to total non-performing loans increased to 118.7% at year-end 2017 from 72.9% at year-end 2016. OREO, including solely foreclosed properties, at year-end 2017 was $4.3 million (includes $2.7 million acquired at merger) compared to $2.5 million at year-end 2016. The year-end 2017 figure represents five residences, 21 lots, a former convenience store, two commercial business properties. The Company sold 12 OREO properties with a total value of $1.4 million in 2017 for total gain of $23 thousand, and four properties with a total value of $294 thousand from four borrowers were added through foreclosure. After foreclosure, management periodically performs valuations and the real estate is carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less estimated costs to sell. As a result, in addition to losses on sales, the Company wrote down OREO property values by $245 thousand in 2017. Included in other assets are one residential property and one commercial property, with a value of $1.1 million. These properties were not obtained as a result of a foreclosure and are being marketed for sale.

During 2017, non-accruing loan balances increased by $1.2 million. Of the $6.5 million in non-accruing balances, $3.3 million are residential mortgages. Components of non-performing assets and related ratios are shown in the following table, which excludes any purchased credit impaired loans due to using an accretable yield model to account for these loans.

Non-Performing Assets

 

     As of December 31,  
(Dollars in Thousands)    2017     2016     2015     2014     2013  

Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing

   $ 48     $ —       $ 11     $ 14     $ 18  

Non-accruing loans

     6,496       5,300       6,433       1,954       2,754  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-performing loans

     6,544       5,300       6,444       1,968       2,772  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other real estate owned

     4,284       2,494       1,870       2,791       3,897  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-performing assets

   $ 10,828     $ 7,794     $ 8,314     $ 4,759     $ 6,669  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Allowance for loan losses

   $ 7,770     $ 3,863     $ 4,223     $ 3,205     $ 2,925  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Allowance to non-performing loans

     118.7     72.9     65.6     162.9     105.5

Non-performing assets to total assets

     1.1     1.6     1.8     1.2     2.0

There were 18 TDRs with an aggregate balance of $4.1 million at December 31, 2017, 16 TDRs with an aggregate balance of $3.2 million at December 31, 2016 and 16 TDRs with an aggregate balance of $3.5 million at December 31, 2015. At December 31, 2017, 11 TDRs with an aggregate balance of $2.6 million were non-performing. At December 31, 2016, 9 TDRs with an aggregate balance of $1.1 million were nonperforming.

For more detailed information on non-accrual, past due and impaired loans and policies, refer to Note 3, Note 6 and Note 7 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Securities

As of December 31, 2017, investment securities totaled $77.2 million, an increase of 50.8% as compared to 2016 year-end balances of $51.2 million.

 

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The aggregate amortized cost and fair values of the available-for-sale securities portfolio are as follows:

 

(Dollars in thousands)                            
            Gross      Gross         
Available-for-sale securities    Amortized      Unrealized      Unrealized      Fair  
December 31, 2017    Cost      Gains      (Losses)      Value  

Corporate bonds

   $ 6,696      $ 23      $ (2    $ 6,717  

U.S. Government agencies and mortgage backed securities

     49,964        6        (687      49,283  

State and municipal obligations

     21,113        195        (155      21,153  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 77,773      $ 224      $ (844    $ 77,153  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
            Gross      Gross         
Available-for-sale securities    Amortized      Unrealized      Unrealized      Fair  
December 31, 2016    Cost      Gains      (Losses)      Value  

Corporate bonds

   $ 7,695      $ 14      $ (5    $ 7,704  

U.S. Government agencies and mortgage backed securities

     25,668        53        (408      25,313  

State and municipal obligations

     18,566        49        (459      18,156  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 51,929      $ 116      $ (872    $ 51,173  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
            Gross      Gross         
Available-for-sale securities    Amortized      Unrealized      Unrealized      Fair  
December 31, 2015    Cost      Gains      (Losses)      Value  

Corporate bonds

   $ 3,950      $ —        $ (5    $ 3,945  

U.S. Government agencies and mortgage backed securities

   $ 21,375      $ 69      $ (156    $ 21,288  

State and municipal obligations

     28,599        313        (55      28,857  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 53,924      $ 382      $ (216    $ 54,090  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Company currently classifies the entire investment portfolio as available-for-sale in order that it may be considered a source of liquidity, if necessary. Securities available-for-sale are carried at fair market value, with after-tax unrealized gains or losses disclosed as a component of comprehensive income. The after-tax unrealized gains or losses are recorded as a portion of other comprehensive income in the equity of the Company, but have no impact on earnings until such time as the gain or loss is realized, typically at the time of sale. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had accumulated other comprehensive losses net of deferred tax related to securities available-for-sale of $490 thousand as compared to $520 thousand at year-end 2016.

The investment portfolio shows a net unrealized loss of $620 thousand on December 31, 2017, compared to $756 thousand on December 31, 2016.

Impairment of securities occurs when the fair value of a security is less than its amortized cost. For debt securities, impairment is considered other-than-temporary and recognized in net income if (i) there is evidence of credit related impairment; (ii) we intend to sell the security or (iii) it is more-likely-than-not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. As a result, temporary impairment can occur with rising interest rates, since the market value of a fixed income investment will fall as interest rates rise. Conversely, market values will increase as interest rates fall.

The Company seeks to diversify its assets to minimize risk by maintaining a large portion of its investment portfolio in securities issued by states and political subdivisions. Many of these types of securities also provide tax benefits. Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations held in the investment portfolio provide liquidity via cashflows, and are solely issued by agencies of the U.S. government. The Company owns no derivatives, and participates in no hedging activities.

For more information on the Company’s investment portfolio, please refer to Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

 

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Table of Contents

Investment Maturities and Average Yields

As of December 31, 2017

 

(Dollars in Thousands)    One Year or
Less or No
Maturity
    One to Five
Years
    Five to Ten
Years
    Over Ten
Years
 

U.S. Government and Agencies:

        

Book Value

   $ 2,094     $ 26,872     $ 13,960     $ 4,819  

Market Value

     2,029       26,494       13,753       7,007  

Weighted average yield

     3.70     1.84     2.28     4.50

States and Municipal Obligations:

        

Book Value

   $ 1,241     $ 7,173     $ 11,736     $ 963  

Market Value

     1,237       7,218       11,741       957  

Weighted average yield

     2.54     3.52     3.61     5.83

Corporate Bonds:

        

Book Value

   $ —       $ —       $ 6,696     $ —    

Market Value

     —         —         6,717       —    

Weighted average yield

     0.00     0.00     6.17     0.00

Restricted Securities:

        

Book Value

   $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 1,543  

Market Value

     —         —         —         1,543  

Weighted average yield

     0.00     0.00     0.00     5.94

Total Securities:

        

Book Value

   $ 3,335     $ 40,741     $ 25,696     $ 7,325  

Market Value

     3,266       40,429       25,494       9,507  

Weighted average yield

     3.27     2.85     2.89     4.98

Notes:

Yields on tax-exempt securities have been computed on a tax-equivalent basis.

Deposits

During 2017, average total deposits increased 56.6% to $583.0 million as compared to average total deposits in 2016 of $372.2 million. Average non-interest bearing demand deposits increased 24.1%, average NOW accounts increased 83.4%, average savings accounts increased 23.9%, average money market deposits increased 33.9% and average time deposits increased 92.3%. The increase in deposit accounts for 2017 versus the prior year is primarily due to the merger with Virginia BanCorp.

Average Deposits and Rates

 

     2017     2016     2015  
(Dollars in thousands)    Average
Balance
     Yield/ Rate     Average
Balance
     Yield/ Rate     Average
Balance
     Yield/ Rate  

Non-interest bearing Demand Deposits

   $ 89,037        0.00   $ 71,725        0.00   $ 61,825        0.00

Interest bearing Deposits:

               

NOW Accounts

     76,558        0.19     41,752        0.18     41,030        0.15

Regular Savings

     53,193        0.24     42,918        0.21     42,716        0.18

Money Market Deposit Accounts

     116,419        0.71     86,955        0.72     63,830        0.87

Time Deposits

     247,839        1.38     128,907        1.37     119,841        1.41
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

    

Total Interest Bearing Deposits

     494,009        0.91     300,532        0.85     267,417        0.89
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

    

Total Average Deposits

   $ 583,046        0.78   $ 372,257        0.69   $ 329,242        0.72
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

    

Maturity Schedule of Time Deposits of $100,000 and over

 

     As of December 31,  
(In thousands)    2017      2016      2015  

3 months or less

   $ 7,505      $ 2,611      $ 12,898  

3-6 months

     14,047        3,361        5,010  

6-12 months

     20,051        4,063        7,462  

Over 12 months

     17,562        52,768        36,362  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Totals

   $ 59,165      $ 62,803      $ 61,732  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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CAPITAL RESOURCES

Capital resources represent funds, earned or obtained, over which a financial institution can exercise greater long-term control in comparison with deposits and borrowed funds. The adequacy of the Company’s capital is reviewed by management on an ongoing basis with reference to size, composition, and quality of the Company’s resources and consistency with regulatory requirements and industry standards. Management seeks to maintain a capital structure that will assure an adequate level of capital to support anticipated asset growth and to absorb potential losses, yet allow management to effectively leverage its capital to maximize return to shareholders. The Company’s capital, also known as equity, is comprised mainly of outstanding stock and retained earnings. Capital can be increased with a variety of stock offerings or through earnings. Management believes the capital level at December 31, 2017, is sufficient to support growth and acquisition opportunities.

On April 1, 2017, the merger with Virginia BanCorp was completed. The Company issued the former shareholders of Virginia BanCorp 1.178 shares of the Company’s common stock for each share of Virginia BanCorp common stock they owned immediately prior to the merger, for a total issuance of 4,586,221 shares of the Company’s common stock valued at approximately $43.2 million before the application of unearned ESOP shares. As of the completion of the merger, the Company’s legacy shareholders owned approximately 51% of the outstanding common stock of the Company and Virginia BanCorp’s former shareholders owned approximately 49% of the outstanding common stock of the Company.

The parent company obtains its operating funds primarily through management fees paid by the Bank and the Financial Group. The parent company could also receive dividends from its subsidiaries.

In August, 2017 the Bank issued common stock in a private placement to existing share holders, institutional investors, and other accredited investors. The Company sold 3.8 million shares of its common stock at an offering price of $9.25 per share, netting private placement proceeds of $32.9 million. The Company intends to use these proceeds to support future growth, general corporate purposes, and dividends.

During 2017, the Bank was required to maintain minimum amounts of capital per Federal Reserve capital guidelines. The minimum total capital to risk weighted assets ratio was 8.0%, the minimum Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets ratio was 6.0%, the minimum Tier 1 capital to adjusted average assets ratio (leverage ratio) was 4.0% and the Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio was 4.5% of risk-weighted assets. As of December 31, 2017, the Bank maintained Common Equity Tier 1 capital of $85.8 million, Tier 1 capital of $85.8 million, risk weighted assets of $736.4 million and total risk-based capital of $93.5 million. As of December 31, 2016, the Bank maintained Common Equity Tier 1 capital of $43.1 million, Tier 1 capital of $43.1 million, risk weighted assets of $343.3 million and total capital of $47.0 million. As of December 31, 2017, all ratios were in excess of the fully phased-in requirements of the Basel III regulatory capital framework, with the Common Equity Tier 1 ratio at 11.65% of risk-weighted assets, the Tier 1 capital ratio at 11.65% of risk-weighted assets, the total capital ratio at 12.70% of risk-weighted assets and the Tier 1 leverage ratio at 8.97% of total assets.

For more detailed information, refer to Note 17 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Total capital, before accumulated other comprehensive income, increased by 169.7% to $115.7 million as of December 31, 2017 as compared to $42.9 million as of December 31, 2016. Accumulated other comprehensive loss was $1.2 million as of both December 31, 2017 and 2016.

LIQUIDITY

Liquidity represents an institution’s ability to meet present and future financial obligations (such as commitments to fund loans) through either the sale or maturity of existing assets or the acquisition of additional funds through liability management. Liquid assets include cash, interest-bearing deposits with other banks, federal funds sold and investments and loans maturing within one year. The Company’s ability to obtain deposits and purchase funds at favorable rates is a factor in the management of liquidity. Management believes that the Company maintains overall liquidity that is more than sufficient to satisfy its depositors’ requirements and to meet its customers’ credit needs.

At December 31, 2017, liquid assets totaled $142.9 million or 14.7% of total assets, an increase from $40.3 million and 8.3% at December 31, 2016. The increase of liquid assets this year versus last year is related to the Company merger with Virginia Bancorp. Additional sources of liquidity available to the Company include its capacity to borrow additional funds when necessary. The Bank maintains federal funds lines with regional banks totaling approximately $24.5 million. Also, the Bank has a repurchase agreement totaling $9.5 million as of December 31, 2017. In addition, the Bank has total borrowing capacity with the FHLB of $162.8 million, with $92.8 million immediately available as of December 31, 2017. The parent company has $25.4 million available to support the capital needs of the subsidiaries, the Bank and the Financial Group.

The table below presents selected information on short-term borrowings:

 

     As of December 31,  
(Dollars in Thousands)    2017     2016     2015  

Balance outstanding at period-end

   $ 9,498     $ 18,310     $ 7,161  

Maximum balance at any month end during the year

     17,091       18,310       10,491  

Average balance for the period

     11,001       9,299       7,612  

Weighted average rate for the period

     0.17     0.16     0.15

Weighted average rate on borrowings at period end

     0.21     0.13     0.14

Estimated fair value at year end

   $ 9,498     $ 18,310     $ 7,161  

The impact of contractual obligations includes five FHLB advances, subordinated debt, time deposits and securities sold under repurchase agreements. There is one fixed rate FHLB advance totaling $60.0 million and one (1) variable rate advance of $10.0 million as of December 31, 2017. A $60.0 million fixed rate advance matured in January 2018 and was replaced with a one (1) month 1.44% fixed rate advance. In March 2018, the $60.0 million advance matured and was substantially replaced with a $50.0 million fixed rate advance with an interest rate of 1.63% maturing April 2, 2018. For details on these advances, please refer to Note 15 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

 

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On May 28, 2015, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement under which the Company issued an aggregate of $7,000,000 of subordinated notes to accredited investors. The Notes have a maturity date of May 28, 2025. The Notes bear interest, payable on the 1st of March and September of each year, commencing September 1, 2015, at a fixed interest rate of 6.50% per year. The Notes are not convertible into common stock or preferred stock, and are not callable by the holders. The Company has the right to redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, at any interest payment date on or after May 28, 2020 and prior to the maturity date, but in all cases in a principal amount with integral multiples of $1,000, plus interest accrued and unpaid through the date of redemption. If an event of default occurs, such as the bankruptcy of the Company, the holder of a Note may declare the principal amount of the Note to be due and immediately payable. The Notes are unsecured, subordinated obligations of the Company and rank junior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future senior indebtedness. The Notes qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory reporting.

 

The following table presents the Company’s contractual obligations and scheduled payment amounts, excluding interest, due at various intervals over the next five years and beyond as of December 31, 2017:

 

(Dollars in thousands)    Payments Due by Period  
     Total      Less than 1
year
     1-3 years      3-5 years      Over 5 years  

FHLB advances

   $ 70,000      $ 60,000      $ 10,000      $ —        $ —    

Subordinated debt

     7,000        —          —          —          7,000  

Time deposits maturities (1)

     358,989        235,751        85,008        38,230        —    

Securities sold under repurchase agreements (2)

     9,498        9,498        —          —          —    

ESOP Debt (3)

     1,129        351        720        58        —    

Operating leases

     1,303        341        802        160        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 447,919      $ 305,941      $ 96,530      $ 38,448      $ 7,000  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Note:

 

(1) Refer to Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(2) Refer to Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(3) Refer to Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The ESOP debt is externally financed and shown on the Consolidated balance sheet in other liabilities. Total ESOP debt includes five loans with an average interest rate of 3.62%.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company was not aware of any other known trends, events or uncertainties that have or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on liquidity. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has no material commitments or long-term debt for capital expenditures.

OFF BALANCE SHEET COMMITMENTS

In the normal course of business, the Company offers various financial products to its customers to meet their credit and liquidity needs. These instruments frequently involve elements of liquidity, credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instruments for commitments to extend credit and standby-letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. Subject to its normal credit standards and risk monitoring procedures, the Company makes contractual commitments to extend credit. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments may expire without being completely drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Conditional commitments are issued by the Company in the form of performance stand-by letters of credit, which guarantee the performance of a customer to a third-party. The credit risk of issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers.

 

(In thousands)    December 31, 2017      December 31, 2016      December 31, 2015  

Total Loan Commitments Outstanding

   $ 144,249      $ 38,152      $ 42,713  

Standby-by Letters of Credit

     447        452        473  

The Company maintains liquidity and credit facilities with non-affiliated banks in excess of the total loan commitments and stand-by letters of credit. As these commitments are earning assets only upon takedown of the instrument by the customer, thereby increasing loan balances, management expects the revenue of the Company to be enhanced as these credit facilities are utilized.

STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains statements concerning the Company’s expectations, plans, objectives, future financial performance and other statements that are not historical facts. These statements may constitute “forward-looking statements” as defined by federal securities laws. These statements may address issues that involve estimates and assumptions made by management, risks and uncertainties, and actual results could differ materially from historical results or those anticipated by such statements. These forward-looking statements include statements about the benefits of the proposed merger between the Company and Virginia BanCorp, the Company’s plans, obligations, expectations and intentions and other statements that are not historical facts. Words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “intends,” “should,” “expects,” “will,” and variations of similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on the operations and future prospects of the Company include, but are not limited to,

 

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disruptions to customer and employee relationships and business operations caused by the merger with Virginia BanCorp; the ability to implement integration plans associated with such merger, which integration may be more difficult, time-consuming or costly than expected; the ability to achieve the cost savings and synergies contemplated by such merger within the expected timeframe, or at all; changes in interest rates, general economic conditions, the legislative/regulatory climate, monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Treasury and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; the quality or composition of the loan or investment portfolios; the adequacy of the Company’s allowance for loan losses; demand for loan products; deposit flows; competition; difficulty managing growth; demand for financial services in the Company’s market area; operational risks; the Company’s ability to maintain effective systems of internal and disclosure controls; accounting principles, policies and guidelines and the other factors detailed in Item 1A, Risk Factors, in this Form 10-K and in the Company’s other documents publicly filed with the SEC. These risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating the forward-looking statements contained herein, and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements, which speak only as of the date they are made.

ITEM 7A: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not required.

 

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ITEM 8: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The following information is included on the pages indicated:

Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc.

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     37  

Consolidated Balance Sheets

     38  

Consolidated Statements of Operations

     39  

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

     40  

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

     41  

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

     42  

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

     43  

 

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LOGO

Report Of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and the Shareholders

Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two year period ended December 31, 2017 and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the two year period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ DIXON HUGHES GOODMAN LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013

Asheville, North Carolina

April 6, 2018

 

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BAY BANKS OF VIRGINIA, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

     December 31, 2017     December 31, 2016  
(Dollars in thousands)             

ASSETS

    

Cash and due from banks

   $ 9,396     $ 4,851  

Interest-bearing deposits

     41,971       7,501  

Certificates of deposit

     3,224       4,216  

Federal funds sold

     6,961       2,350  

Securities available-for-sale, at fair value

     77,153       51,173  

Restricted securities

     5,787       2,649  

Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $7,770 and $3,863

     758,726       381,537  

Loans held for sale

     1,651       276  

Premises and equipment, net

     17,866       10,844  

Accrued interest receivable

     3,194       1,372  

Other real estate owned, net

     4,284       2,494  

Bank owned life insurance

     18,773       9,869  

Goodwill

     10,374       2,808  

Mortgage servicing rights

     999       671  

Core deposit intangible

     2,991       —    

Other assets

     7,206       4,099  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 970,556     $ 486,710  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

LIABILITIES

    

Noninterest-bearing deposits

   $ 103,037     $ 74,799  

Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits

     299,820       178,869  

Time deposits

     358,989       128,050  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total deposits

     761,846       381,718  

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

     9,498       18,310  

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

     70,000       35,000  

Subordinated debt, net of issuance costs

     6,877       6,860  

Other liabilities

     7,781       3,117  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     856,002       445,005  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

    

Common stock ($5 par value; authorized - 30,000,000 shares; outstanding - 13,203,605 and 4,774,856 shares, respectively)(1)(2)

     66,018       23,874  

Additional paid-in capital

     37,142       2,872  

Unearned employee stock ownership plan shares

     (1,129     —    

Retained earnings

     13,679       16,194  

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net

     (1,156     (1,235
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity

     114,554       41,705  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   $ 970,556     $ 486,710  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) On March 15, 2017, the Company’s shareholders voted to increase the authorized shares. Refer to Note 26.
(2) The Company has preferred stock authorized, however none is outstanding.

 

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BAY BANKS OF VIRGINIA, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

     For the year ended  
     December 31,  
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)    2017     2016  

INTEREST INCOME

    

Loans, including fees

   $ 31,330     $ 16,388  

Securities:

    

Taxable

     1,399       904  

Tax-exempt

     423       496  

Federal funds sold

     164       4  

Interest-bearing deposit accounts

     310       61  

Certificates of deposit

     74       83  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest income

     33,700       17,936  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

INTEREST EXPENSE

    

Deposits

     4,513       2,562  

Federal funds purchased

     11       2  

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

     15       15  

Subordinated debt

     482       472  

FHLB advances

     980       474  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest expense

     6,001       3,525  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest income

     27,699       14,411  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Provision for loan losses

     4,934       287  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net interest income after provision for loan losses

     22,765       14,124  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

NON-INTEREST INCOME

    

Income from fiduciary activities

     904       967  

Service charges and fees on deposit accounts

     900       890  

VISA-related fees

     68       168  

Non-deposit product income

     370       357  

Other service charges and fees

     705       611  

Secondary market lending fees

     469       765  

Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance

     473       274  

Net gains on sale of securities available for sale

     2       435  

Other real estate losses

     (221     (127

Net losses on the disposal of fixed assets

     (220     —    

Other income

     234       270  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-interest income

     3,684       4,610  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

NON-INTEREST EXPENSES

    

Salaries and employee benefits

     13,223       7,799  

Occupancy expense

     2,735       1,793  

Data processing

     1,258       671  

Bank franchise tax

     533       295  

VISA expense

     35       100  

Telecommunications expense

     308       125  

FDIC assessments

     580       366  

Foreclosure property expense

     147       93  

Consulting expense

     665       282  

Advertising and marketing

     664       197  

Directors’ fees

     624       337  

Audit and accounting fees

     746       322  

Merger related expenses

     1,976       575  

Intangible amortization

     679       —    

Other expense

     2,751       2,278  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total non-interest expenses

     26,924       15,233  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

(Loss) income before income taxes

     (475     3,501  

Income tax expense

     797       966  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net (loss) income

   $ (1,272   $ 2,535  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Basic Earnings Per Share

    

Average basic shares outstanding

     9,399,223       4,774,856  

(Loss) earnings per share, basic

   $ (0.14   $ 0.53  

Diluted Earnings Per Share

    

Average diluted shares outstanding

     9,399,223       4,799,946  

(Loss) earnings per share, diluted

   $ (0.14   $ 0.53  
    

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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BAY BANKS OF VIRGINIA, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

     For the year ended  
     December 31,  
(Dollars in thousands)    2017     2016  

Net (loss) income

   $ (1,272   $ 2,535  

Other comprehensive income (loss):

    

Unrealized gains (losses) on securities:

    

Net unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period

     144       (515

Deferred tax benefit (expense)

     (30     175  

Reclassification of net securities gains

     (2     (435

Deferred tax expense

     —         148  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Unrealized (losses) gains adjustment, net of tax

     112       (627
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Defined benefit pension plan:

    

Net pension gain

     49       8  

Deferred tax (expense) benefit

     (17     (3

Reclassification of pension expense

     81       78  

Deferred tax benefit

     (28     (26
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Defined benefit pension plan adjustment, net of tax

     85       57  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Post retirement benefit plan:

    

Net postretirement gain

     109       169  

Deferred tax expense

     (39     (58

Reclassification of postretirement expense

     —         —    

Deferred tax benefit

     —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Post retirement benefit plan adjustment, net of tax

     70       111  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other comprehensive (loss) income

     267       (459
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Comprehensive (loss) income

   $ (1,005   $ 2,076  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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BAY BANKS OF VIRGINIA, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

                                     Accumulated        
     Shares of             Additional                 Other     Total  
     Common      Common      Paid-in     Unearned     Retained     Comprehensive     Shareholders’  
     Stock      Stock      Capital     ESOP Shares     Earnings     Income (Loss)     Equity  
(Dollars in thousands, except shate data or amounts)                                             

Balance January 1, 2016

     4,774,856      $ 23,874      $ 2,812     $ —       $ 13,659     $ (776   $ 39,569  

Net income

     —          —          —         —         2,535       —         2,535  

Other comprehensive loss

     —          —          —         —         —         (459     (459

Stock compensation expense

     —          —          60       —         —         —         60  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance December 31, 2016

     4,774,856        23,874        2,872       —         16,194       (1,235     41,705  

Net loss

     —          —          —         —         (1,272     —         (1,272

Other comprehensive income

     —          —          —         —         —         267       267  

Dividends declared ($0.12 per share)

     —          —          —         —         (1,431     —         (1,431

Issuance of common stock in connection with Virginia Bancorp acquisition

     4,586,221        22,931        20,225       (911     —         —         42,245  

Shares issued via private placement net of $2.2 million of issuance cost

     3,783,784        18,919        13,886       —         —         —         32,805  

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, reclassification from AOCI to retained earnings, tax effect

     —          —          —         —         188       (188     —    

Stock options exercised

     43,244        217        37       —         —         —         254  

Restricted shares granted

     15,500        77        (77     —         —         —         —    

ESOP loan

     —          —          —         (351     —         —         (351

ESOP compensation expense

     —          —          —         133       —         —         133  

Stock compensation expense

     —          —          199       —         —         —         199  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance December 31, 2017

     13,203,605      $ 66,018      $ 37,142     $ (1,129   $ 13,679     $ (1,156   $ 114,554  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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BAY BANKS OF VIRGINIA, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
(Dollars in thousands)    2017     2016  

Cash Flows From Operating Activities

    

Net (loss) income

   $ (1,272   $ 2,535  

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

     1,435       1,057  

Net amortization and accretion of securities

     411       424  

Amortization of core deposit intangible

     679       —    

Accretion of time deposits

     (307     —    

Amortization of subordinated debt issuance costs

     17       16  

Accretion of loan discount

     (1,907     —    

Provision for loan losses

     4,934       287  

Stock and ESOP compensation expense

     332       60  

Deferred income tax expense (benefit)

     435       (88

Gain on securities available-for-sale

     (2     (435

Increase in OREO valuation allowance

     245       53  

(Gain) Loss on sale of other real estate

     (23     74  

Loss on disposal of fixed assets

     220       —    

Mortgage servicing rights

     (4     (13

Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance

     (474     (274

Loan originations for sale

     (13,446     (22,399

Loan sales

     12,545       22,871  

Gain on loans sold

     (473     (628

Increase in accrued income and other assets

     (2,077     (147

Increase in other liabilities

     2,370       506  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

     3,638       3,899  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash Flows From Investing Activities

    

Proceeds from maturities and principal paydowns of available-for-sale securities

     3,911       4,224  

Proceeds from sales and calls of available-for-sale securities

     17,937       19,509  

Maturities of certificates of deposits

     992       1,488  

Purchase of bank owned life insurance

     —         (2,000

Purchases of available-for-sale securities

     (25,979     (21,727

Sales (purchases) of restricted securities

     (1,595     82  

Increase in federal funds sold

     (4,611     (2,079

Loan (originations) and principal collections, net

     (79,452     (29,178

Proceeds from the sale of VISA loan portfolio

     —         1,301  

Loan purchases and principal collections, net

     (34,809     (11,561

Cash acquired in the merger with Virginia Commonwealth

     14,698       —    

Proceeds from sale of other real estate

     1,193       342  

Proceeds from sale of equipment

     9       —    

Purchases of premises and equipment

     (2,237     (256
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

     (109,943     (39,855
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash Flows From Financing Activities

    

Increase in demand, savings, and other interest-bearing deposits

     3,430       21,198  

Net increase in time deposits

     109,074       662  

Stock options exercised

     254       —    

Net increase (decrease) in securities sold under repurchase agreements

     (8,812     11,149  

Issuance of stock, net

     32,805       —    

Dividends paid

     (1,431     —    

(Decrease) increase in Federal Home Loan Bank advances

     10,000       (5,000
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

     145,320       28,009  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (including interest-earning deposits

     39,015       (7,947

Cash and cash equivalents (including interest-earning deposits) at beginning of period

     12,352       20,299  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents (including interest-earning deposits) at end of period

   $ 51,367     $ 12,352  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental Schedule of Cash Flow Information

    

Cash paid for:

    

Interest

   $ 6,003     $ 3,538  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income taxes

     420       470  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-cash investing and financing:

    

Unrealized (loss) gain on investment securities

     142       (950
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Change in fair value of pension and post-retirement obligation

     239       255  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans transferred to other real estate owned

     294       1,943  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans originated to facilitate sale of OREO

     190       850  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Changes in deferred taxes resulting from OCI transactions

     (114     236  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Transfer of loans to held for sale

     —         1,173  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

ESOP Loan

     351       —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Business combination:

    

Assets acquired, net of cash acquired

     314,437       —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities assumed

     294,454       —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net assets acquired, net of cash acquired

     19,983       —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Organization and Presentation

Organization. Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. (the “Company”) is a bank holding company that conducts substantially all of its operations through its two active subsidiaries, Virginia Commonwealth Bank and VCB Financial Group, Inc.

Virginia Commonwealth Bank (the “Bank”) is a state-chartered bank and a member of the Federal Reserve System. It serves businesses, professionals and consumers in the Greater Richmond area, the Tri-Cities area and on the Northern Neck and Middle Peninsulas of Virginia markets. The Bank has branch offices in the Virginia counties of Chesterfield, Henrico, Lancaster, Middlesex, Northumberland, Richmond, Westmoreland, and in the Cities of Colonial Heights, Hopewell, Petersburg, Richmond and Suffolk, Virginia. Each branch office offers a wide range of deposit and loan products to its retail and commercial customers. A substantial amount of the Bank’s deposits are interest bearing. The majority of the Bank’s loan portfolio is secured by real estate.

VCB Financial Group, Inc. (the “Financial Group”) provides management services for personal and corporate trusts, including estate planning, estate settlement, and trust administration from its main office in Kilmarnock, Virginia. Products include revocable and irrevocable living trusts, testamentary trusts, custodial accounts, investment management accounts and managed, as well as self-directed, rollover Individual Retirement Accounts.

Basis of Presentation. The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. and its subsidiaries, Virginia Commonwealth Bank and the Financial Group. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Certain amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements of prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentations. The reclassifications had no effect on net income, net income per share or shareholders’ equity as previously reported.

Note 2. Business Combination

On April 1, 2017, the Company and Virginia BanCorp Inc. (“Virginia BanCorp”), a bank holding company conducting substantially all of its operations through it subsidiary Virginia Commonwealth Bank, completed a merger pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of November 2, 2016, by and between the Company and Virginia BanCorp. The Company is the surviving corporation in the merger and the former shareholders of Virginia BanCorp received 1.178 shares of the Company’s common stock for each share of Virginia BanCorp common stock they owned immediately prior to the merger, for a total issuance of 4,586,221 shares of the Company’s common stock valuded at approximately $42.2 million. As of the completion of the merger, the Company’s legacy shareholders owned approximately 51% of the outstanding common stock of the Company and Virginia BanCorp’s former shareholders owned appropriately 49% of the outstanding common stock of the Company. After the merger of Virginia BanCorp with and into the Company, Virginia BanCorp’s subsidiary bank was merged with and into Bank of Lancaster, and immediately thereafter Bank of Lancaster changed its name to Virginia Commonwealth Bank. Bank operating systems were consolidated during the fourth quarter of 2017.

The acquisition was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 805, Business Combinations. Under this method, the assets and liabilities of Virginia BanCorp were recorded at their respective fair values as of April 1, 2017. Determining the fair value of assets and liabilities, particularly to the loan portfolio, is a complex process involving significant judgment regarding methods and assumptions used to calculate the estimated fair values. The fair values are preliminary and subject to refinement for up to one year after the acquisition date, as additional information relative to the acquisition date fair values becomes available. The Company recognized goodwill of $7.6 million in connection with the acquisition, none of which is deductible for income tax purposes.

The following table details the total consideration paid by the Company on April 1, 2017 in connection with the acquisition of Virginia BanCorp, the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and the resulting goodwill.

 

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            Fair Value      As Recorded  
     As Recorded     

and Reclassification

     by the  
(Dollars in thousands)    by VCB      Adjustments      Company  

Consideration paid:

        

Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. common stock

         $ 42,247  

Identifiable assets acquired:

        

Cash and due from banks

   $ 2,356      $ —        $ 2,356  

Interest-bearing deposits

     12,342        —          12,342  

Securities available-for-sale

     22,088        —          22,088  

Restricted securities

     1,543        —          1,543  

Loans receivable

     272,479        (62,068      210,411  

Loans held for sale

     —          55,648        55,648  

Deferred income taxes

     1,325        255        1,580  

Premises and equipment

     3,333        2,703        6,036  

Accrued interest receivable

     1,253        (24      1,229  

Other real estate owned

     3,113        —          3,113  

Core deposit intangible

     —          3,670        3,670  

Bank owned life insurance

     8,430        —          8,430  

Mortgage servicing rights

     324        —          324  

Other assets

     365        —          365  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total identified assets acquired

     328,951        184        329,135  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Identifiable liabilities assumed:

        

Noninterest-bearing deposits

     21,119        —          21,119  

Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits

     124,640        —          124,640  

Time deposits

     121,437        733        122,170  

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

     25,000        —          25,000  

Other liabilities

     1,525        —          1,525  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total identifiable liabilities assumed

     293,721        733        294,454  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total identifiable assets assumed

   $ 35,230      $ (549    $ 34,681  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Goodwill resulting from acquisition

         $ 7,566  
        

 

 

 

Fair value of the major categories of assets acquired and liabilities assumed were determined as follows:

Loans

The acquired loans were recorded at fair value at the acquisition date of $266.1 million without carryover of Virginia BanCorp’s allowance for loan losses. Where loans exhibited characteristics of performance, fair value was determined based on a discounted cash flow analysis which included default estimates; loans without such characteristics, fair value was determined based on the estimated values of the underlying collateral. While estimating the amount and timing of both principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected, a market-based discount rate was applied. In this regard, the acquired loans were segregated into pools based on loan type and credit risk. Loan type was determined based on collateral type and purpose, industry segment and loan structure. Credit risk characteristics included risk rating groups pass, special mention, substandard, and doubtful and lien position. For valuation purposes, these pools were further disaggregated by maturity and pricing characteristics (e.g., fixed-rate, adjustable-rate, balloon maturities).

One pool of purchased performing consumer loans was reevaluated after the initial recording of the transaction due to higher charge-offs than originally estimated. As a result, the discount on this pool was increased by $2.2 million, and the related deferred tax asset increased by $735 thousand which increased the previously disclosed goodwill by $1.4 million. These adjustments are reflected in the table above.

At April 1, 2017, the gross contractual amounts of receivable and the fair value for the purchased credit impaired loans (“PCI”) were $8.3 million, while the estimated cash flows expected to be collected were approximately $7.4 million. Information about the PCI loan portfolio at April 1, 2017 is as follows:

 

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(Dollars in thousands)    April 1, 2017  

Contractual principal and interest due

   $ 8,303  

Nonaccretable difference

     869  
  

 

 

 

Expected cash flows

     7,434  

Accretable yield

     1,354  
  

 

 

 

Purchased credit impaired loans—estimated fair value

   $ 6,080  
  

 

 

 

Loans which totaled approximately $55.4 million which were acquired were held for sale as of June 30, 2017. Management decided to withdraw these loans from held for sale status and classified them back as held to maturity loans in the 3rd quarter of 2017.

Premises and Equipment

The fair value of Virginia BanCorp premises, including land, buildings and improvements, was determined based upon appraisal by licensed appraisers. These appraisals were based upon the best and highest use of the property with final values determined based upon an analysis of the cost, sales comparison and income capitalization approaches for each property appraised. The fair value of premises and equipment resulted in a $2.7 million fair value adjustment. Land is not depreciated.

Core Deposit Intangible

The fair value of the core deposit intangible (“CDI”) was determined based on a combined discounted economic benefit and market approach. The economic benefit was calculated as the cost savings between maintaining the core deposit base and using an alternate funding source, such as Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”) advances. The life of the deposit base and projected deposit attrition rates was determined using Virginia BanCorp’s historical deposit data. The CDI fair value was estimated at $3.7 million or 2.52% of acquired deposits, excluding time deposits. The CDI is being amortized over a weighted average life of 92 months using a sum-of-the-months’ digits method.

Time Deposits

The fair value adjustment of time deposits represents a premium over the value of the contractual repayments of fixed-maturity deposits using prevailing market interest rates for similar term certificates of deposit. The resulting estimated fair value adjustment of certificates of deposit ranging in maturity from one month to five years is a $733 thousand premium and is being amortized into income on a level-yield basis over the weighted average remaining life.

FHLB Advances

The fair value of FHLB advances was considered to be equivalent to Virginia BanCorp’s recorded book balance as the advances matured on April 30, 2017.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Certain deferred tax assets and liabilities were carried over to the Company from Virginia BanCorp based on the Company’s ability to utilize them in the future. Additionally, deferred tax assets and liabilities were established for acquisition accounting fair value adjustments as the future amortization/accretion of these adjustments represent temporary differences between book income and taxable income.

Pro Forma Financial Information

The table below illustrates the unaudited pro forma revenue and net income of the combined entities had the acquisition taken place on January 1, 2016. The unaudited combined pro forma revenue and net income combines the historical results of Virginia BanCorp with the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the period listed below, and while certain adjustments were made for the estimated effect of certain fair value adjustments and other acquisition-related activity, they are not indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition actually taken place on January 1, 2016. Acquisition related expenses of $2.0 million were included in the Company’s actual consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017, but were excluded from the unaudited pro forma information listed below. Legacy Virginia BanCorp incurred $174 thousand of merger related expenses during the first three months of 2017 which was also excluded from the unaudited pro forma information below. Additionally, the Company expects to achieve further operational cost savings and other efficiencies as a result of the acquisition which are not reflected in the unaudited pro forma amounts below:

 

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     For the Years Ended  
(Dollars in thousands)    December 31, 2017      December 31, 2016  

Net interest income

   $ 27,169      $ 27,342  

Net income

     1,825        6,182  

Impact of Certain Acquisition Accounting Adjustments

The net effect of the amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts associated with the Company’s acquisition accounting adjustments to assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Virginia BanCorp had the following impact on the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017.

 

     Year Ended  
(Dollars in thousands)    December 31, 2017  

Loans(1)

   $ 1,907  

Core deposit intangible(2)

     (679

Time deposits(3)

     307  

Depreciation(4)

     (30
  

 

 

 

Net impact to income before income taxes

   $ 1,505  
  

 

 

 

 

(1)  Loan discount accretion is included in the “Loans, including fees” section of “Interest Income” in the consolidated statements of operations.
(2)  Premium amortization is included in “Other expense” section of “Non-Interest Expenses” in the consolidated statements of operations.
(3)  Time deposit premium amortization is included in the “Deposits” section of “Interest Expense” in the consolidated statements of operations.
(4)  Depreciation on the fair value mark up of fixed assets is included in “Occupancy expense” section of “Non-Interest Expense” in the consolidated statements of operations.

Note 3. Significant Accounting Policies

Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions. The amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements may be affected by those estimates and assumptions. Actual results may vary from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the measurement of fair value of foreclosed real estate, deferred taxes, impairment testing of goodwill, projected pension and post-retirement obligations and fair value measurements.

Cash and cash equivalents

For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash and balances due from banks, all of which mature within ninety days.

Interest-bearing deposits in banks are carried at cost, which mature within one year, and include deposits with the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.

Securities

Investments in debt and equity securities with readily determinable fair values are classified as either held to maturity, available-for-sale, or trading, based on management’s intent. Currently, all of the Company’s investment securities are classified as available-for-sale. Securities available-for-sale are carried at estimated fair value with the corresponding unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income. A gain or loss is recognized in earnings on the settlement date based on the amortized cost of the specific security sold. Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income via amortization or accretion, respectively, using the interest method over the terms of the securities.

 

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Impairment of securities occurs when the fair value of a security is less than its amortized cost. For debt securities, impairment is considered other-than-temporary and recognized in its entirety in net income if (i) there is evidence of credit related impairment; (ii) the Company intends to sell the security or (iii) it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If, however, the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more-likely-than-not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery, the Company must determine what portion of the impairment is attributable to a credit loss, which occurs when the amortized cost basis of the security exceeds the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected from the security. If there is a credit loss, the loss must be recognized in net income and the remaining portion of impairment must be recognized in other comprehensive income. For equity securities, impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary based on the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment until a recovery of fair value. Other-than-temporary impairment of an equity security results in a write-down that must be included in net income. The Company regularly reviews each investment security for other-than-temporary impairment based on criteria that include the extent to which cost exceeds market price, the duration of that market decline, the financial health of and specific prospects for the issuer, the Company’s best estimate of the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from debt securities, the Company’s intention with regard to holding the security to maturity and the likelihood that it would be required to sell the security before recovery.

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

Securities sold under repurchase agreements, which are classified as secured borrowings, generally mature within one year from the transaction date. Securities sold under repurchase agreements are reflected at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction. The Company is required to provide collateral based on the value of the underlying cash.

Loans

The Company grants mortgage loans on real estate, commercial and industrial loans and consumer and other loans to customers. A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is represented by mortgage loans on real estate. The ability of the Company’s debtors to honor their contracts is dependent upon the real estate and general economic conditions in the Company’s market areas.

Loans are reported at their recorded investment, which is the outstanding principal balance net of any unearned income, such as deferred fees and costs, charge-offs, discounts on acquired loans, and premiums or discounts on purchased loans. Interest on loans is recognized over the term of the loan and is calculated using the interest method on principal amounts outstanding. Loan origination fees and certain direct origination costs are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the related loan yield over the contractual term of the loan, adjusted for early pay-offs, where applicable.

The accrual of interest is generally discontinued at the time a loan is 90 days or more past due, or earlier, if collection is uncertain based on an evaluation of the net realizable value of the collateral and the financial strength of the borrower. Loans greater than 90 days past due may remain on accrual status if the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Personal loans are typically charged off no later than 180 days past due. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Nonaccrual and past due policies are materially the same for all types of loans with the exception of PCI loans whose discount is being accreted to interest income.

All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on non-accrual or charged off are reversed against interest income. Any subsequent interest received on these loans is accounted for on the cash basis or cost recovery method until qualifying for return to accrual. Generally, a loan is returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured, or it becomes well secured and in the process of collection.

Charge-Off of Uncollectible Loans

As soon as any loan becomes uncollectible, the loan will be charged down or charged off as follows:

 

    If unsecured, the loan must be charged off in full.

 

    If secured, the outstanding principal balance of the loan should be charged down to the net realizable value of the collateral.

Loans should be considered uncollectible when:

 

    No regularly scheduled payment has been made within four months, or

 

    The loan is unsecured, the borrower files for bankruptcy protection and there is no other (guarantor, etc.) support from an entity outside of the bankruptcy proceedings

Troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”)

In some situations, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial condition, management may grant a concession to a borrower that it would not otherwise consider. In cases where borrowers are granted new terms that provide for a reduction of either interest or principal, the related loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring. Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to modify their loan to more affordable terms before their loan reaches nonaccrual status. These modified terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. Management measures all TDRs for impairment as noted below for impaired loans.

 

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Allowance for loan losses (“ALL”)

The ALL reflects management’s judgment of probable loan losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. Management uses a disciplined process and methodology to establish the ALL each quarter. To determine the total ALL, the Company estimates the reserves needed for each homogenous segment and class of the portfolio, plus any loans analyzed individually for impairment. Depending on the nature of each segment and class, considerations include historical loss experience, adverse situations that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay, credit scores, past due history, estimated value of any underlying collateral, prevailing local and national economic conditions, and internal policies and procedures including credit risk management and underwriting. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as conditions change.

Management employs a risk rating system to evaluate and consistently categorize loan portfolio credit risk. Prior to the merger, loans that were assigned risk rating grades included all commercial loans not secured by real estate, commercial mortgages, residential mortgages greater than $1 million, smaller residential mortgages which were impaired, loans to real estate developers and contractors, consumer loans greater than $250 thousand with chronic delinquency, and TDRs. All other loans that were not specifically assigned a risk rating grade were monitored as a discrete pool of loans generally based on delinquency status. Subsequent to the merger and core system conversion, with the exception of purchased consumer loan pools, all loans are risk rated using loan risk grading software that employs a variety of algorithms based on detailed account characteristics, which include a borrower’s payment history on a total relationship basis, as well as loan to value exposure. For non-homogeneous loans, management reviews these resulting grade assignments and makes adjustments to the final grade where appropriate based on an assessment of additional external information that may affect a particular loan. Purchased consumer loan pools are evaluated on a homogenous basis such that any balances past due by 90 days or more are rated substandard. Risk rating categories are as follows:

Pass – Borrower is strong or sound and collateral securing the loan, if any, is adequate.

Watch – Borrower exhibits some signs of financial stress but is generally believed to be a satisfactory customer and collateral, if any, may be in excess of 90% of the loan balance.

Special Mention – Adverse trends in the borrower’s financial position are evident and warrant management’s close attention. Any collateral may not be fully adequate to secure the loan balance.

Substandard – A loan in this category has a well-defined weakness in the primary repayment source that jeopardizes the timely collection of the debt. There is a distinct possibility that a loss may result if the weakness is not corrected.

Doubtful – Default has already occurred and it is likely that foreclosure or repossession procedures have begun or will begin in the near future. Weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently existing information, highly questionable and improbable.

Loss – Uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted.

The ALL consists of specific, general, and unallocated components. The specific component is determined by identifying impaired loans (as described below) then evaluating each one to calculate the amount of impairment. Impaired loans measured for impairment generally include (1) any loan risk rated Special Mention or worse where the borrower has filed for bankruptcy; (2) all loans risk rated Substandard or worse with balances of $400 thousand or more; and (3) all loans classified as a TDR. A specific allowance arises when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component collectively evaluates any loans not identified as impaired, which are typically smaller commercial loans, residential mortgages and consumer loans, grouped into segments and classes. Historical loss experience is calculated and applied to each segment or class, then adjusted for qualitative factors. Qualitative factors include changes in local and national economic indicators, such as unemployment rates, interest rates, gross domestic product growth and real estate market trends; the level of past due and nonaccrual loans; risk ratings on individual loans; strength of credit policies and procedures; loan officer experience; borrower credit scores; and other intrinsic risks related to the types and geographic locations of loans. These qualitative adjustments reflect management’s judgment of risks inherent in the segments. An unallocated component is maintained if needed to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. Changes in the allowance for loan losses and the related provision expense can materially affect net income.

The specific component of the ALL calculation accounts for the loan loss reserve necessary on impaired loans. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not considered impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Accrual of interest may or may not be discontinued for any given impaired loan. Impairment is measured by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Because large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment, the Company does not generally separately identify smaller balance individual consumer and residential loans for impairment disclosures, unless such loans are the subject of a troubled debt restructuring agreement.

The general component of the ALL calculation collectively evaluates groups of loans in segments and classes, as noted above. The segments are: (1) Mortgage loans on real estate; (2) Commercial and industrial loans; and (3) Consumer and other loans. The segment for Mortgage loans on real estate is disaggregated into the following classes: (1) Construction, land and land development; (2) Farmland; (3) Residential first mortgages; (4) Residential revolving and junior mortgages; (5) Commercial mortgages (non-owner-occupied); and (6) Commercial mortgages (owner-occupied). Loans in segment 1 are secured by real estate. Loans in segments 2 and 3 are secured by other types of collateral or are unsecured. A given segment or class may not reflect the purpose of a loan. For example, a business owner may provide his residence as collateral for a loan to his company, in which case the loan would be grouped in a residential mortgage class. Historical loss factors are calculated for the prior 20 quarters by segment and class, and then applied to the current balances in each segment and class. Finally, qualitative factors are applied to each segment and class.

 

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Construction and development loans carry risks that the project will not be finished according to schedule or according to budget and the value of the collateral, at any point in time, may be less than the principal amount of the loan. These loans also bear the risk that the general contractor may face financial pressure unrelated to the project. Loans secured by land, farmland and residential mortgages carry the risk of continued credit-worthiness of the borrower and changes in value of the underlying real estate collateral. Commercial mortgages and commercial and industrial loans carry risks associated with the profitable operation of a business and its related cash flows. Additionally, commercial and industrial loans carry risks associated with the value of collateral other than real estate which may depreciate over time. Consumer loans carry risks associated with the continuing credit-worthiness of the borrower and are more likely than real estate loans to be adversely affected by divorce, unemployment, personal illness or bankruptcy of an individual. Consumer loans secured by automobiles carry risks associated with rapidly depreciating collateral. Consumer loans include loans and debt consolidation loans purchased from third parties. Consumer loans have historically included credit cards, which are unsecured. The credit card portfolio was sold to an unaffiliated third party in the third quarter of 2016.

The summation of the specific, general and unallocated components results in the total estimated ALL. This estimate is inherently subjective and actual losses could be greater or less than the estimates.

Additions to the ALL are made by charges to earnings through the provision for loan losses. Charge-offs result from credit exposures deemed to be uncollectible and the ALL is reduced by these. Recoveries of previously charged off amounts are credited back to the ALL. Charge-off policies are materially the same for all types of loans.

Loans Acquired in a Business Combination

The Company accounts for loans acquired in a business combination in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805, “Business Combinations.” Accordingly, acquired loans are segregated between PCI loans and purchased performing loans (“PPL”) and are recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition without the carryover of the related allowance for loan losses.

PCI loans are those for which there is evidence of credit deterioration since origination and for which it is probably at the date of acquisition that the Company will not collect all contractually required principal and interest payments. When determining the market value, PCI loans were aggregated into pools of loans based on common characteristics as of the date of acquisition such as loan type, date of origination, and evidence of credit quality deterioration such as internal risk grades and past due and nonaccrual status. The Company estimates the amount and timing of expected cash flows for each loan or pool, and the expected cash flows in excess of amount paid is recorded as interest income over the remaining life of the loan or pool (accretable yield). These estimates include certain prepayment assumptions based on the nature of each loan pool. The excess of the loan’s or pool’s contractual principal and interest over expected cash flows is not recorded (nonaccretable difference). Over the life of the loan or pool, expected cash flows continue to be estimated. If the present value of expected cash flows is less than the carrying amount, a loss is recorded as a provision for loan losses. If the present value of expected cash flows is greater than the carrying amount, it is recognized as part of future interest income.

Loans not designated PCI loans as of the acquisition date are designated purchased performing loans. The Company accounts for purchased performing loans using the contractual cash flows method of recognizing discount accretion based on the acquired loans’ contractual cash flows. Purchased performing loans are recorded at fair value, including a credit discount. The fair value discount is accreted as an adjustment to yield over the estimated lives of the loans. There is no allowance for loan losses established at the acquisition date for purchased performing or PCI loans. A provision for loan loses is recorded for any deterioration in these loans subsequent to the acquisition.

Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”)

MSRs are included on the consolidated balance sheets and recorded at fair value on an ongoing basis. Changes in the fair value of the MSRs are recorded in the results of operations. A fair value analysis of MSRs is performed on a quarterly basis.

Premises and equipment, net

Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the premises and equipment. Estimated useful lives range from 10-40 years for buildings, and from 3-10 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, and major improvements are capitalized.

 

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Other real estate owned, net

Real estate properties acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are marketed for sale and are initially recorded at the lesser of the fair value on the date of foreclosure less estimated selling costs or carrying value of the loan. After acquisition, management acquires new valuations at least every two years. Revenue and expenses related to the operation or maintenance of foreclosed properties are included in expenses from foreclosed assets and changes in the valuation allowance are included in other real estate gains (losses).

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is related to unidentifiable intangible assets arising from the merger with Virginia BanCorp on April 1, 2017 and the acquisition of five branches during the years 1994 through 2000. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment. If impairment exists, the amount of impairment would result in a charge to expense.

Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives, to their estimated residual values. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life included on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The core deposit intangible is the only intangible asset with a definite useful life, and is being amortized over 92 months.

Long-lived assets, including purchased intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Management concluded that no circumstances indicating an impairment of these assets existed as of the balance sheet date.

Income taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is determined based on the tax effects of the temporary differences between the book and tax bases of the various balance sheet assets and liabilities and gives current recognition to changes in tax rates and laws.

When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would ultimately be sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. Interest and penalties, if any, associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as additional income taxes in the statements of operations. Tax years 2014, 2015, and 2016 are still open for Internal Revenue Service audit.

The Company evaluates its deferred tax assets quarterly to determine if it is more likely than not those assets will be recovered and if a valuation allowance is needed. At December 31, 2017, the Company determined no valuation allowance related to its deferred tax assets was necessary.

 

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Pension benefits

The Company has a non-contributory cash balance benefit pension plan which was frozen in 2012. The plan covers employees who had become vested in the plan by the date it was frozen. The balances for those employees in the plan receive interest credits.

Postretirement benefits

The Company provides certain health care benefits for employees who retired prior to March 1, 2018 and met eligibility requirements.

Employer Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”)

The Company currently has two ESOPs for the benefit of all eligible employees. Shares held by the legacy ESOP of the former Bank of Lancaster employees are considered outstanding for purposes of computing earnings per share as they are fully allocated. Unearned ESOP shares in the ESOP acquired in the Virginia BanCorp merger, are shown as a reduction of shareholders’ equity. The unearned ESOP shares are not included in basic or diluted earnings per share calculation as discussed in Note 18 until those shares are allocated to participants’ accounts.

The use of dividends paid on allocated ESOP shares are at the discretion of the Company. Dividends on unallocated ESOP shares, if paid, are considered to be compensation expense. The Company recognizes compensation cost equal to the fair value of the ESOP shares during the periods in which they are committed to be released. The Company recognizes a tax deduction equal to the cost of shares released. The unearned ESOP shares are pledged to a third party to collateralize a direct loan to the ESOP. The loan is guaranteed by the Company and is recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Trust assets and income

Customer assets held by the Financial Group, other than cash on deposit at the Bank, are not included in these financial statements, since such items are not assets of the Bank or the Financial Group. Trust fees are recorded on the accrual basis.

Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share represent income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate solely to outstanding stock options. Shares held by the ESOP which collateralize ESOP borrowings are excluded from both basic and diluted averages shares outstanding. Refer to Note 20.

Off-balance-sheet financial instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into off-balance-sheet financial agreements such as home equity lines of credit, overdraft protection lines of credit, unsecured lines of credit, construction loan commitments and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the financial statements when they are funded or related fees are incurred or received.

Significant group concentration of credit risk

Most of the Company’s business activity is with customers located in the Virginia counties of Lancaster, Northumberland, Richmond, Westmoreland, Middlesex, Chesterfield, Henrico and the City of Richmond, Virginia. The Company makes residential, commercial and consumer loans and a significant amount of the loan portfolio is comprised of real estate mortgage loans, which are secured primarily by single-family residences. The adequacy of collateral on real estate mortgage loans is highly dependent on changes in real estate values.

Advertising

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and totaled $664 thousand and $197 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Comprehensive income

Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income includes unrealized gains or losses on securities available-for-sale and changes in the actuarial gain or loss of the pension and postretirement plans. The cumulative position of the items in comprehensive income resides in shareholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive income. Refer to Note 25.

 

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Fair value of financial instruments

Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note 22. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates.

Transfers of financial assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when: (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company – put presumptively beyond reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership; (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets; and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets.

Stock-based compensation plans

Authoritative accounting guidance requires companies to recognize the cost of employee services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments, such as stock options and restricted stock, based on the fair value of those awards at the date of grant. This cost is recognized over the vesting period of the respective awards.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements.

In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”). ASU 2018-02 allows for a reclassification from AOCI to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Reform Act, which was enacted on December 22, 2017. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted this amendment, and the effects are presented in the accompanying financial statements. Retained earnings was increased by $188 thousand and AOCI was reduced by $188 thousand as a result of the adoption of this guidance.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718).” The amendments in this Update provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. An entity should account for the effects of a modification unless all the following are met: 1) The fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the modified award is the same as the fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if such an alternative measurement method is used) of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. If the modification does not affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique that the entity uses to value the award, the entity is not required to estimate the value immediately before and after the modification; 2) The vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; and 3) The classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. The current disclosure requirements in Topic 718 apply regardless of whether an entity is required to apply modification accounting under the amendments in this Update. ASU 2017-09 will be effective for annual periods and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect on the adoption to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-08, “Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20), Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.” The amendments in this ASU shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities purchased at a premium. Upon adoption of the standard, premiums on these qualifying callable debt securities will be amortized to the earliest call date. Discounts on purchased debt securities will continue to be accreted to maturity. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. Upon transition, entities should apply the guidance on a modified retrospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption and provide the disclosures required for a change in accounting principle. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2017-08 will have on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

 

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In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” This ASU intends to improve the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit costs in the income statement and to narrow the amounts eligible for capitalization in assets. ASU 2017-07 will be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company expects to adopt ASU 2017-07 in the first quarter of 2018. The Company is evaluating the impact of the standard and does not expect the guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04,Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” This ASU simplifies accounting for goodwill impairments by eliminating step two (the implied fair value to carrying value of goodwill) from the existing goodwill impairment test. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of the goodwill. The effective date and transition requirements for the technical corrections will be effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is evaluating the impact of the standard and does not expect the guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), which is new guidance for the accounting for credit losses on instruments within its scope. It introduces a new model for current expected credit losses (“CECL”) which will apply to financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. This will include loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, loan commitments, financial guarantees, net investments in leases, reinsurance and trade receivables. The CECL model requires an entity to estimate the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures). The estimate of expected credit losses should consider historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts, including estimates of prepayments. In addition, ASU 2016-13 replaces the current available-for-sale debt securities other-than-temporary impairment model with an estimate of expected credit losses only when the fair value falls below the amortized cost of the asset. Credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities will be limited to the difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and its fair value. The available-for-sale debt security model will also require the use of an allowance to record estimated credit losses and subsequent recoveries. The ASU also addresses purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. Disclosure requirements are expanded regarding an entity’s assumptions, models and methods for estimating the ALL. The ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements. A committee has been formed to consider the impact of the standard and periodic historical loan data is being accumulated which will allow for migration analysis of risk ratings, past due and non-accrual status, plus other various individual loan characteristics.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” This ASU increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and requiring more disclosures related to leasing transactions. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects to adopt ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of 2019. The Company is evaluating the impact of the standard and expects a minimal increase in assets and liabilities resulting from the recording of right to use assets and offsetting liabilities; however, the Company does not expect the guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10) which requires equity investments, other than those accounted for using the equity method, to be measured at fair value through earnings. There will no longer be an available-for-sale classification measured (changes in fair value reported in other comprehensive income) for equity securities with readily determinable fair values. The cost method is also eliminated for equity instruments without a readily determinable fair value. For these

 

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investments, companies can elect to record the investment at cost, less impairment, plus or minus subsequent adjustments for observable price changes. This election only applies to equity investments that do not qualify for the net asset value practical expedient. Public companies will be required to use the exit price when measuring the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost for disclosure purposes. In addition, the ASU requires financial assets and financial liabilities to be presented separately in the notes to the financial statements, grouped by measurement category and form of financial asset. The classification and measurement guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company’s primary available-for sale investments are debt securities and are therefore not included in the scope of ASU 2016-01. The Company is engaging a third party to assist with the measurement of exit prices.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The amendments in this ASU modify the guidance companies use to recognize revenue from contracts with customers for transfers of goods or services and transfers of nonfinancial assets, unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards. The ASU requires that entities apply a specific method to recognize revenue reflecting the consideration expected from customers in exchange for the transfer of goods and services. The guidance also requires new qualitative and quantitative disclosures, including information about contract balances and performance obligations. Entities are also required to disclose significant judgments and changes in judgments for determining the satisfaction of performance obligations. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 changing the effective date for ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 from December 15, 2016. The Company’s primary source of revenue is interest income from loans and their fees and investments. As these items are outside the scope of the guidance, this income is not expected to be impacted by implementation of ASU 2014-09. The Company has reviewed other sources of income such as fiduciary fees, secondary market lending fees and other deposit account fees to evaluate the impact of ASU 2014-09, and has determined the new guidance will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Note 4. Intangible Assets

The Company’s intangible assets consist of core deposits, goodwill, and mortgage servicing rights arising from previous and current acquisitions. The Company has determined that the core deposit intangible has a finite life and amortizes it over its estimated useful life. The core deposit intangible asset is being amortized over the period of expected benefit, which is 92 months, using the sum-of-the-months digits method.

On April 1, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of Virginia BanCorp and acquired core deposit intangible assets of $3.7 million and $7.6 million of goodwill. The Company also has goodwill relating to the purchase of five branches during the years 1994 through 2000. The balance of the goodwill at both December 31, 2017 and 2016, as reflected on the consolidated balance sheets, was $10.4 million and $2.8 million, respectively. Management determined that the branch purchases qualified as acquisitions of businesses and that the related unidentifiable intangibles were goodwill.

Intangible assets with indefinite lives are tested annually for impairment. The test performed on goodwill using financial information as of September 30, 2017 found no impairment. Subsequently, the Company updated its consideration of goodwill impairment as of December 31, 2017 and reaffirmed that no impairment existed.

Information concerning intangible assets with a finite life is presented in the following table:

 

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(Dollars in thousands)                     
     Gross Carrying      Accumulated      Net Carrying  

December 31, 2017

   Value      Amortization      Value  

Core deposit intangibles

   $ 3,670      $ 679      $ 2,991  

Other intangibles

     999        —          999  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 4,669      $ 679      $ 3,990  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     Gross Carrying      Accumulated      Net Carrying  

December 31, 2016

   Value      Amortization      Value  

Other intangibles

   $ 671      $ —        $ 671  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Amortization expense of core deposit intangibles for the years ended December 31, 2017, and 2016 totaled $679 thousand and $0, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the estimated remaining amortization expense of core deposit intangibles is as follows:

 

(Dollars in thousands)       

2018

   $ 798  

2019

     674  

2020

     551  

2021

     427  

2022

     304  

Thereafter

     237  
  

 

 

 

Total estimated amortization expense

   $ 2,991  
  

 

 

 

Note 5. Investment Securities

The aggregate amortized cost and fair values of the available-for-sale securities portfolio are as follows:

 

(Dollars in thousands)                            
            Gross      Gross         
Available-for-sale securities    Amortized      Unrealized      Unrealized      Fair  

December 31, 2017

   Cost      Gains      (Losses)      Value  

Corporate bonds

   $ 6,696      $ 23      $ (2    $ 6,717  

U.S. Government agencies and mortgage backed securities

     49,964        6        (687      49,283  

State and municipal obligations

     21,113        195        (155      21,153  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 77,773      $ 224      $ (844    $ 77,153  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
            Gross      Gross         
Available-for-sale securities    Amortized      Unrealized      Unrealized      Fair  

December 31, 2016

   Cost      Gains      (Losses)      Value  

Corporate bonds

   $ 7,695      $ 14      $ (5    $ 7,704  

U.S. Government agencies and mortgage backed securities

     25,668        53        (408      25,313  

State and municipal obligations

     18,566        49        (459      18,156  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 51,929      $ 116      $ (872    $ 51,173  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The cost of securities sold is based on actual net cost. Gross realized gains and gross realized losses, as well as proceeds on sales and calls of securities, were as follows:

 

     For the years ended December 31,  
(Dollars in thousands)    2017      2016  

Gross realized gains

   $ 7      $ 445  

Gross realized losses

     (5      (10
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net realized gains

   $ 2      $ 435  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Aggregate proceeds

   $ 17,937      $ 19,509  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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The aggregate amortized cost and market values of the investment securities portfolio by contractual maturity at December 31, 2017, are shown below:

 

(Dollars in thousands)    Amortized Cost      Fair Value  

Due in one year or less

   $ 3,583      $ 3,514  

Due after one year through five years

     37,746        37,425  

Due after five through ten years

     28,442        28,250  

Due after ten years

     8,002        7,964  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 77,773      $ 77,153  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Average yields (taxable equivalent) on securities were 3.02% and 3.09% for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Securities with a market value of $19.4 million and $19.1 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, were pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements and for other purposes as required by law. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, all the securities pledged to repurchase agreements were state and municipal obligations. All the repurchase agreements had remaining contractual maturities that were overnight and continuous. Securities sold under repurchase agreements were $9.5 million and $18.3 million as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and included in liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The securities pledged to each agreement are reviewed daily and can be changed at the option of the Bank with minimal risk of loss due to fair value.

Securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2017 and 2016, by duration of the unrealized loss, are shown below. The unrealized loss positions were directly related to interest rate movements as there is minimal credit risk exposure in these investments. All agency securities, states and municipal securities and certificates of deposit are investment grade or better and their losses are considered temporary. The corporate bonds are subordinated debt notes issued by financial institutions. Management does not intend to sell the securities and does not expect to be required to sell the securities. All amortized cost bases are expected to be recovered. At December 31, 2017, there was one corporate bond in an unrealized loss position. Bonds with unrealized loss positions at December 31, 2016, included 37 federal agencies, one corporate bond and 39 municipals.

 

(Dollars in thousands)    Less than 12 months     12 months or more     Total  
     Fair      Unrealized     Fair      Unrealized     Fair      Unrealized  

December 31, 2017

   Value      Loss     Value      Loss     Value      Loss  

Corporate bonds

   $ 498      $ (2   $ —        $ —       $ 498      $ (2

U.S. Government agencies

     25,053        (353     16,184        (334     41,237        (687

States and municipal obligations

     2,753        (15     5,787        (140     8,540        (155
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total temporarily impaired securities

   $ 28,304      $ (370   $ 21,971      $ (474   $ 50,275      $ (844
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 
     Less than 12 months     12 months or more     Total  
     Fair      Unrealized     Fair      Unrealized     Fair      Unrealized  

December 31, 2016

   Value      Loss     Value      Loss     Value      Loss  

Corporate bonds

   $ 995      $ (5   $ —        $ —       $ 995      $ (5

U.S. Government agencies

     20,933        (396     1,308        (12     22,241        (408

States and municipal obligations

     12,888        (459     —          —         12,888        (459
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total temporarily impaired securities

   $ 34,816      $ (860   $ 1,308      $ (12   $ 36,124      $ (872
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Company’s investment in Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”) stock totaled $3.7 million and $1.9 million at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and are included in restricted securities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company also had an investment in Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond (“FRB”) stock which totaled $1.9 million and $580 thousand at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The investments in both FHLB and FRB stock are required investments related to the Bank’s membership with the FHLB and FRB. These securities do not have a readily determinable fair value as their ownership is restricted, and they lack an active market for trading. Additionally, per charter provisions related to the FHLB and FRB stock, all repurchase transactions of such stock must occur at par. Accordingly, these securities are carried at cost, and are periodically evaluated for impairment. The Company’s determination as to whether its investment in FHLB and FRB stock is impaired is based on management’s assessment of the ultimate recoverability of its par value rather than recognizing temporary declines in its value. The determination of whether the decline affects the ultimate recoverability of the investments is influenced by available information regarding various factors. These factors include, among others, the significance of the decline in net assets of the issuing banks as compared to the capital stock amount reported by these banks, and the length of time a decline has persisted; commitments by such banks to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such payments in relation to the operating performance of the issuing bank; and the overall liquidity position of the issuing bank. Based on its most recent analysis of publicly available information regarding the financial condition of the issuing banks, management concluded that no impairment existed in the carrying value of FHLB and FRB stock.

 

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Table of Contents

Note 6. Loans

The following is a summary of the balances of loans:

 

(Dollars in thousands)    December 31, 2017      December 31, 2016  

Mortgage loans on real estate:

     

Construction, Land and Land Development

   $ 66,042      $ 39,818  

Farmland

     923        1,023  

Commercial Mortgages (Non-Owner Occupied)

     146,757        35,343  

Commercial Mortgages (Owner Occupied)

     80,052        41,825  

Residential First Mortgages

     269,365        194,007  

Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages

     46,498        26,425  

Commercial and Industrial loans

     114,093        43,024  

Consumer Loans

     42,566        3,544  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total loans

     766,296        385,009  

Net unamortized deferred loan costs

     200        391  

Allowance for loan losses

     (7,770      (3,863
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loans, net

   $ 758,726      $ 381,537  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The recorded investment in past due and non-accruing loans is shown in the following table. A loan past due by 90 days or more is generally placed on nonaccrual, unless it is both well secured and in the process of collection.

 

            90 Days or                              
     30-89      More Past             Total Past                
(Dollars in thousands)    Days      Due and             Due and             Total  

December 31, 2017

   Past Due      Still Accruing      Nonaccruals      Nonaccruals      Current      Loans  

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate:

                 

Construction, Land and Land Development

   $ 261      $ —        $ 1,237      $ 1,498      $ 64,544      $ 66,042  

Farmland

     —          48        —          48        875        923  

Commercial Mortgages (Non-Owner Occupied)

     449        —          —          449        146,308        146,757  

Commercial Mortgages (Owner Occupied)

     412        —          1,752        2,164        77,888        80,052  

Residential First Mortgages

     2,321        —          1,942        4,263        265,102        269,365  

Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages

     449        —          1,338        1,787        44,711        46,498  

Commercial and Industrial

     331        —          92        423        113,670        114,093  

Consumer Loans

     288        —          135        423        42,143        42,566  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 4,511      $ 48      $ 6,496      $ 11,055      $ 755,241      $ 766,296  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
            90 Days or                              
     30-89      More Past             Total Past                
     Days      Due and             Due and             Total  

December 31, 2016

   Past Due      Still Accruing      Nonaccruals      Nonaccruals      Current      Loans  

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate:

                 

Construction, Land and Land Development

   $ —        $ —        $ 623      $ 623      $ 39,195      $ 39,818  

Farmland

     57        —          —          57        966        1,023  

Commercial Mortgages (Non-Owner Occupied)

     —          —          —          —          35,343        35,343  

Commercial Mortgages (Owner Occupied)

     188        —          2,270        2,458        39,367        41,825  

Residential First Mortgages

     1,546        —          2,155        3,701        190,306        194,007  

Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages

     480        —          160        640        25,785        26,425  

Commercial and Industrial

     408        —          92        500        42,524        43,024  

Consumer Loans

     —          —          —          —          3,544        3,544  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 2,679      $ —        $ 5,300      $ 7,979      $ 377,030      $ 385,009  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table includes an aging analysis, based upon contractual terms, of the recorded investment of PCI loans as of December 31, 2017, included in the table above.

 

            90 Days or                              
     30-89      More Past             Total Past                
(Dollars in thousands)    Days      Due and             Due and             Total  

December 31, 2017

   Past Due      Still Accruing      Nonaccruals      Nonaccruals      Current      Loans  

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate:

                 

Construction, Land and Land Development

   $ —        $ —        $ —        $ —        $ 1,405      $ 1,405  

Commercial Mortgages (Non-Owner Occupied)

     —          —          —          —          171        171  

Commercial Mortgages (Owner Occupied)

     161        —          —          161        160        321  

Residential First Mortgages

     349        141        —          490        3,320        3,810  

Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages

     —          20        —          20        29        49  

Consumer loans

     —          4        —          4        65        69  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 510      $ 165      $ 0      $ 675      $ 5,150      $ 5,825  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Note 7. Allowance for Loan Losses

A disaggregation of and an analysis of the change in the allowance for loan losses by segment is shown below.

 

     Mortgage      Commercial      Consumer         
     Loans on      and      and other         
(Dollars in thousands)    Real Estate      Industrial      Loans      Total  
For the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2017                            

Beginning Balance

   $ 3,318      $ 493      $ 52      $ 3,863  

(Charge-offs)

     (577      (729      (171      (1,477

Recoveries

     91        263        96        450  

Provision (recovery)

     1,032        851        3,051        4,934  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending Balance

   $ 3,864      $ 878      $ 3,028      $ 7,770  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Individually evaluated for impairment

   $ 861      $ 92      $ 141      $ 1,094  

Collectively evaluated for impairment

     3,003        786        2,887        6,676  

 

57


Table of Contents
                                                           
     Mortgage      Commercial      Consumer         
     Loans on      and      and Other         
(Dollars in thousands)    Real Estate      Industrial      Loans      Total  

For the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2016

                      

Beginning Balance

   $ 3,502      $ 599      $ 122      $ 4,223  

Reclassification of allowance related to sold loans

     —          —          (27      (27

(Charge-offs)

     (735      (158      (53      (946

Recoveries

     254        61        11        326  

Provision (recovery)

     297        (9      (1      287  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending Balance

   $ 3,318      $ 493      $ 52      $ 3,863  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Individually evaluated for impairment

   $ 803      $ 92      $ —        $ 895  

Collectively evaluated for impairment

     2,515        401        52        2,968  

As a result of the fair value adjustment made to a pool of consumer loans acquired in the merger with Virginia BanCorp, $696 thousand of charge-offs previously reported in the Consumer and Other Loans segment were reclassified against consumer loans. Refer to Note 2, Business Combination.

Loan receivables evaluated for impairment individually and collectively by segment as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

 

                                                           
     Mortgage      Commercial      Consumer         
     Loans on      and      and Other         
(Dollars in thousands)    Real Estate      Industrial      Loans      Total  
As of December 31, 2017            

Individually evaluated for impairment

   $ 8,874      $ 92      $ 141      $ 9,107  

Collectively evaluated for impairment

     595,007        114,001        42,356        751,364  

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality

    
5,756
 
     —          69        5,825  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Gross Loans

   $ 609,637      $ 114,093      $ 42,566      $ 766,296  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2016

           

Individually evaluated for impairment

   $ 10,323      $ 92      $ —        $ 10,415  

Collectively evaluated for impairment

     328,118        42,932        3,544        374,594  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Gross Loans

   $ 338,441      $ 43,024      $ 3,544      $ 385,009  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table presents the changes in the accretable yield for PCI loans (refer to Note 3) since acquisition on April 1, 2017 through December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
2017
 

Balance at acquisition, April 1, 2017

   $ 1,354  

Accretion

     (267

Reclassifications from nonaccretable balance, net

     —    

Other changes, net

     —    
  

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2017

   $ 1,087  
  

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2017 there was no allowance on PCI loans.

Internal risk rating grades are shown in the following table.

 

    Construction,                 Residential     Commercial     Commercial                    
    Land and           Residential     Revolving and     Mortgages     Mortgages     Commercial              
(Dollars in thousands)   Land           First     Junior     (Non-Owner     (Owner     and     Consumer        
As of December 31, 2017   Development     Farmland     Mortgages     Mortgages     Occupied)     Occupied)     Industrial     Loans     Total  

Grade:

                 

Pass

  $ 55,949     $ 923     $ 256,614     $ 43,659     $ 140,625     $ 67,732     $ 110,281     $ 12,431     $ 688,214  

Watch

    6,690       —         8,624       1,376       5,931       10,076       2,373       29,917       64,987  

Special mention

    172       —         205       —         —         —         1,347       —         1,724  

Substandard

    3,231       —         3,922       1,463       201       2,244       92       218       11,371  

Doubtful

    —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $ 66,042     $ 923     $ 269,365     $ 46,498     $ 146,757     $ 80,052     $ 114,093     $ 42,566     $ 766,296  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

    Construction,           Commercial     Commercial              
    Land and           Mortgages     Mortgages     Commercial        
    Land           (Non-Owner     (Owner     and        
As of December 31, 2016   Development     Farmland     Occupied)     Occupied)     Industrial     Total  

Grade:

           

Pass

  $ 32,009     $ 1,023     $ 30,639     $ 31,191     $ 40,841     $ 135,703  

Watch

    5,795       —         4,184       6,652       1,891       18,522  

Special mention

    180       —         272       1,453       125       2,030  

Substandard

    1,834       —         248       2,529       167       4,778  

Doubtful

    —         —         —         —         —         —    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

  $ 39,818     $ 1,023     $ 35,343     $ 41,825     $ 43,024     $ 161,033  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2016, internal risk rating grades were generally assigned to commercial loans not secured by real estate, commercial mortgages, residential mortgages greater than $1 million, smaller residential mortgages which are impaired, loans to real estate developers and contractors, consumer loans greater than $250,000 with chronic delinquency, and TDRs, as shown in the following table (for December 31, 2016). The grading analysis estimates the capability of the borrower to repay the contractual obligations of the loan agreements as scheduled. Risk grades (refer to Note 3) are evaluated as new information becomes available for each borrowing relationship. After completing the system conversion, the bank has adopted a new risk grading system over its entire loan portfolio. As of December 31, 2017, except for pooled consumer loans, the existing loan portfolio is risk graded using loan risk grading software that employs a variety of algorithms based on detailed account characteristics to include borrower’s payment history on a total relationship basis as well as loan to value exposure. For non-homogenous loans, management reviews these resulting grade assignments and makes adjustments to the final grade where appropriate based on an assessment of additional external information that may affect a particular loan. For pooled consumer loans, a loan is graded “substandard” when a payment reaches 90 days past due, otherwise the loan is graded “pass”.

Prior to merger, the bank did not assign internal risk grades to smaller mortgage and smaller consumer loans. These loans were considered to be nonperforming when they are delinquent by 90 days or more or non-accruing and credit risk is primarily evaluated by delinquency status, as shown in the table below for December 31, 2016.

 

58


Table of Contents
            Residential                
     Residential      Revolving                
As of December 31, 2016    First      and Junior      Consumer         

PAYMENT ACTIVITY STATUS

   Mortgages (1)      Mortgages (2)      Loans (3)      Total  

Performing

   $ 191,852      $ 26,265      $ 3,544      $ 221,661  

Nonperforming

     2,155        160        —          2,315  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 194,007      $ 26,425      $ 3,544      $ 223,976  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Notes:

 

(1) Residential First Mortgages which have been assigned a risk rating grade of Substandard totaled $3.3 million as of December 31, 2016.
(2) Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages which have been assigned a risk rating grade of Substandard totaled $1.1 million as of December 31, 2016.
(3) No Consumer Loans had been assigned a risk rating grade of Substandard as of December 31, 2016.

The following tables show the Company’s recorded investment and the customers’ unpaid principal balances for impaired loans excluding PCI loans, with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of December 31, 2017 and 2017, along with the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

 

(Dollars in thousands)    As of December 31, 2017      As of December 31, 2016  

IMPAIRED LOANS

                                         
     Recorded      Customers’ Unpaid      Related      Recorded      Customers’ Unpaid      Related  
     Investment      Principal Balance      Allowance      Investment      Principal Balance      Allowance  

With no related allowance:

                 

Construction, Land and Land Development

   $ 900      $ 1,378      $ —        $ 1,531      $ 1,539      $ —    

Residential First Mortgages

     1,488        1,488        —          2,112        2,176        —    

Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages (1)

     414        414        —          995        999        —    

Commercial Mortgages (Non-owner occupied)

     —          —          —          248        248        —    

Commercial Mortgages (Owner occupied)

     1,721        1,971        —          1,860        2,178        —    

Commercial and Industrial

     —          —          —          —          —          —    

Consumer—Other

     —          —          —          —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     4,523        5,251        —          6,746        7,140        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

With an allowance recorded:

                 

Construction, Land and Land Development

     550        621        137        243        286        145  

Residential First Mortgages

     1,914        1,914        367        1,951        1,951        367  

Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages (1)

     1,340        1,340        162        544        546        199  

Commercial Mortgages (Non-owner occupied)

     —          —          —          —          —          —    

Commercial Mortgages (Owner occupied)

     547        586        195        839        854        92  

Commercial and Industrial

     92        92        92        92        101        92  

Consumer—Other

     141        141        141        —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     4,584        4,694        1,094        3,669        3,738        895  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Impaired Loans:

                 

Construction, Land and Land Development

     1,450        1,999        137        1,774        1,825        145  

Residential First Mortgages

     3,402        3,402        367        4,063        4,127        367  

Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages (1)

     1,754        1,754        162        1,539        1,545        199  

Commercial Mortgages (Non-owner occupied)

     —          —          —          248        248        —    

Commercial Mortgages (Owner occupied)

     2,268        2,557        195        2,699        3,032        92  

Commercial and Industrial

     92        92        92        92        101        92  

Consumer—Other

     141        141        141        —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 9,107      $ 9,945      $ 1,094      $ 10,415      $ 10,878      $ 895  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Notes:

 

(1) Junior mortgages include equity lines.

 

59


Table of Contents
     For the Year Ended      For the Year Ended  
     December 31, 2017      December 31, 2016  
     Average      Interest      Average      Interest  
     Recorded      Income      Recorded      Income  
(Dollars in thousands)    Investment      Recognized      Investment      Recognized  

With no related allowance:

           

Construction, Land and Land Development

   $ 1,282      $ 66      $ 1,316      $ 55  

Residential First Mortgages

     1,449        21        1,956        14  

Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages (1)

     417        5        808        38  

Commercial Mortgages (Non-owner occupied)

     —          —          251        15  

Commercial Mortgages (Owner occupied)

     1,800        32        1,858        27  

Commercial and Industrial

     —          —          —          —    

Consumer—Other

     —          —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     4,948        124        6,189        149  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

With an allowance recorded:

           

Construction, Land and Land Development

     572        4        253        5  

Residential First Mortgages

     1,932        93        1,956        90  

Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages (1)

     1,360        44        218        9  

Commercial Mortgages (Non-owner occupied)

     —          —          —          —    

Commercial Mortgages (Owner occupied)

     572        12        819        22  

Commercial and Industrial

     92        —          103        1  

Consumer—Other

     28        6        —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     4,556        159        3,349        127  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

           

Construction, Land and Land Development

     1,854        70        1,569        60  

Residential First Mortgages

     3,381        114        3,912        104  

Residential Revolving and Junior Mortgages (1)

     1,777        49        1,026        47  

Commercial Mortgages (Non-owner occupied)

     —          —          251        15  

Commercial Mortgages (Owner occupied)

     2,372        44        2,677        49  

Commercial and Industrial

     92        —          103        1  

Consumer—Other

     28        6        —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 9,504      $ 283      $ 9,538      $ 276  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Prior to the Bank’s core system conversion, which was completed during the fourth quarter of 2017, smaller non-accruing loans, and non-accruing loans that were not graded because they were included in homogenous pools, generally did not meet the criteria for impairment testing, and were therefore excluded from impaired loan disclosures. At December 31, 2016, non-accruing loans excluded from impaired loan disclosure totaled $465 thousand. If interest on these non-accruing loans had been accrued, such income would have approximated $5 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2016.

Loans modified as TDRs are considered impaired and are individually evaluated for the amount of impairment in the ALL. The following table presents, by segments of loans, information related to loans modified as TDRs during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

 

     For the Year Ended      For the Year Ended  
     December 31, 2017      December 31, 2016  
            Pre-Modification      Post-Modification             Pre-Modification      Post-Modification  
(Dollars in thousands)           Outstanding      Outstanding             Outstanding      Outstanding  
     Number of      Recorded      Recorded      Number of      Recorded      Recorded  

TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS

   Loans      Investment      Investment      Loans      Investment      Investment  

Residential first mortages (1)

     1      $ 820      $ 820        1      $ 244      $ 244  

Consumer loan (1)

     1        147        147        —          —          —    

Notes:

 

(1) Modifications were an extention of the loan terms.

 

     For the Year Ended      For the Year Ended  
     December 31, 2017      December 31, 2016  

TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS THAT SUBSEQUENTLY DEFAULTED

   Number of
Loans
     Recorded
Investment
     Number of
Loans
     Recorded
Investment
 

Commerical mortgages (Owner occupied)

     0        0        0        0  

There were 18 TDRs with an aggregate balance of $4.1 million and 16 TDRs with an aggregate balance of $3.2 million outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Of the total TDR’s, 11 TDRs with an aggregate balance of $2.6 million were non performing as of December 31, 2017 and 9 TDRs with an aggregate balance of $1.1 million were nonperforming as of December 31, 2016.

 

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Note 8. Other Real Estate Owned, Net

Other real estate owned (“OREO”) is presented net of a valuation allowance for losses. An analysis of the valuation allowance on OREO is shown below.

 

     Years ended  
     December 31,  
(Dollars in thousands)    2017      2016  

Balance, beginning of year

   $ 473      $ 621  

Provision for losses

     245        53  

Charge-offs

     (190      (201
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, end of period

   $ 528      $ 473  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Expenses applicable to OREO include the following:

 

     Years ended  
     December 31,  
(Dollars in thousands)    2017      2016  

Net (gain) loss on sales of real estate

   $ (23    $ 74  

Provision for losses

     245        53  

Operating expenses, net of income

     138        93  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total expenses

   $ 360      $ 220  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table details the properties included in OREO as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. There were no collateralized consumer residential mortgage loans in the process of foreclosure as of December 31, 2017.

 

     As of December 31, 2017      As of December 31, 2016  
     No. of      Carrying      No. of      Carrying  
(Dollars in thousands)    Properties      Value      Properties      Value  

Residential

     5      $ 443        2      $ 891  

Land lots

     20        3,223        7        547  

Convenience store

     1        55        1        59  

Restaurant

     1        36        1        55  

Commerical properties

     2        527        3        942  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     29      $ 4,284        14      $ 2,494  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Included in other assets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, is one residential property purchased in 2013 from a related party with a value of $708 thousand and a former branch, which was closed April 30, 2015, with a value of $403 thousand.                

Note 9. Premises and Equipment, net

Components of premises and equipment included in the balance sheets at December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

 

     2017      2016  
(Dollars in thousands)              

Land and improvements

   $ 4,762      $ 2,350  

Buildings and improvements

     16,634        12,221  

Furniture and equipment

     9,126        10,323  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total cost

     30,522        24,894  

Less accumulated depreciation

     (12,656      (14,050
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Premises and equipment, net

   $ 17,866      $ 10,844  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 totaled $1.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

 

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Note 10. Deposits

The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations of $250,000 or more at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $58.7 million and $19.2 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2017, the scheduled maturities of time deposits are as follows (in thousands):

 

2018

   $ 235,751  

2019

     30,986  

2020

     54,022  

2021

     25,991  

2022

     12,239  

Thereafter

     —    
  

 

 

 
   $ 358,989  
  

 

 

 

At December 31, 2017 and 2016, overdraft demand deposits reclassified to loans totaled $80 thousand and $51 thousand, respectively.

At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had wholesale deposits of $1.0 million and $8.5 million, respectively.

Note 11. Employee Benefit Plans

The Company has a non-contributory, cash balance pension plan for employees who were vested in the plan as of December 31, 2012 when it was frozen. Each participant’s account balance grows based on monthly interest credits. The Company funds pension costs in accordance with the funding provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act.

The Company sponsors a postretirement benefit plan covering current and future retirees who acquire age 55 and 10 years of service or age 65 and 5 years of service. The postretirement benefit plan provides coverage toward a retiree’s eligible medical and life insurance benefits expenses.

The following tables provide the reconciliation of changes in the benefit obligations and fair value of assets and a statement of funded status for the pension plan and postretirement plan of the Company.

 

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     Pension Benefits     Postretirement Benefits  
(Dollars in thousands)    2017     2016     2017     2016  

Change in benefit obligation

        

Benefit obligation, beginning of year

   $ 3,398     $ 3,488     $ 540     $ 668  

Service cost

     —         —         22       22  

Interest cost

     121       134       21       28  

Actuarial loss (gain)

     323       17       (120     (170

Benefit payments

     (581     (279     (6     (8

Settlement loss

     12       38       —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Benefit obligation, end of year

     3,273       3,398       457       540  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Change in plan assets

        

Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year

     2,690       2,806       —         —    

Actual return on plan assets

     356       163       —         —    

Employer contributions

     —         —         6       8  

Benefits payments

     (581     (279     (6     (8
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Fair value of plan assets, end of year

     2,465       2,690       —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Funded status at the end of the year

   $ (808   $ (708   $ (457   $ (540
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss (income)

        

Net loss (gain)

   $ 1,187     $ 1,316     $ (344   $ (234

Prior service cost

     —         —         —         —    

Net obligation at transition

     —         —         —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Amount recognized

   $ 1,187     $ 1,316     $ (344   $ (234
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Components of net periodic benefit cost (gain)

        

Service cost

   $ —       $ —       $ 22     $ 22  

Interest cost

     121       134       21       28  

Expected (return) on plan assets

     (167     (189     —         —    

Amortization of prior service cost

     —         —         —         —    

Amortization of net obligation at transition

     —         —         (11     —    

Recognized net loss due to settlement

     195       90       —         —    

Recognized net actuarial loss

     81       77       —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net periodic benefit (gain) cost

     230       112       32       50  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss

        

Net (gain) loss

     (130     (86     (109     (170

Amortization of prior service cost

     —         —         —         —    

Amortization of net obligation at transition

     —         —         —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total recognized in other comprehensive loss/(income)

     (130     (86     (109     (170
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive loss/(income)

   $ 100     $ 26     $ (77   $ (120
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted-average assumptions as of December 31:

     2017       2016       2017       2016  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Discount rate used for Net Periodic Pension Cost

     4.00     4.25     4.00     4.25

Discount Rate used for Disclosure

     3.50     4.00     3.50     4.00

Expected return on plan assets

     7.25     7.50     N/A       N/A  

Rate of compensation increase

     N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A  

Rate of compensation increase for net periodic pension cost

     N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A  

Expected future interest crediting rate

     3.00     3.00     N/A       N/A  

Estimated future benefit payments for the pension and postretirement plans are as follows (in thousands):

 

     Pension      Postretirement  

2018

   $ 316      $ 6  

2019

     321        7  

2020

     265        7  

2021

     206        7  

2022

     195        6  

2023 - 2027

     1,417        28  

Pension Plan. The accumulated benefit obligation for the cash balance pension plan was $3.3 million and $3.4 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The pension plan sponsor selects the assumption for the expected long-term rate of return on assets in consultation with their investment advisors and actuary. This rate is intended to reflect the average rate of earnings expected to be earned on the funds invested or to be invested to provide plan benefits. Historical performance is reviewed, especially with respect to real rates of return (net of inflation), for the major asset classes held or anticipated to be held by the trust, and for the trust itself. Undue weight is not given to recent experience that may not continue over the measurement period, with higher significance placed on current forecasts of future long-term economic conditions.

Because assets are held in a qualified trust, anticipated returns are not reduced for taxes. Further, solely for this purpose, the plan is assumed to continue in force and not terminate during the period during which assets are invested. However, consideration is given to the potential impact of current and future investment policy, cash flow into and out of the trust, and expenses (both investment and non-investment) typically paid from plan assets (to the extent such expenses are not explicitly estimated within periodic cost).

 

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The trust fund is sufficiently diversified to maintain a reasonable level of risk without imprudently sacrificing return, with a targeted asset allocation of 40% fixed income and 60% equities. The investment manager of the fund selects investment fund managers with demonstrated experience and expertise, and funds with demonstrated historical performance, for the implementation of the plan’s investment strategy. The investment manager will consider both actively and passively managed investment strategies and will allocate funds across the asset classes to develop an efficient investment structure.

It is the responsibility of the trustee to administer the investments of the trust within reasonable costs, being careful to avoid sacrificing quality. These costs include, but are not limited to, management and custodial fees, consulting fees, transaction costs and other administrative costs chargeable to the trust.

The Company expects to make no contributions to its pension plan for the 2018 plan year.

Postretirement benefits plan. As of December 31, 2017, there are no longer any benefits under the Company’s postretirement plan that are impacted by medical trends. The Company plans to terminate this plan as of March 31, 2018, therefore no contributions are anticipated in 2018. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company paid approximately $6 thousand and $8 thousand, respectively, for employees who retired.

401(k) retirement plan. During 2017, the Company had two 401(k) retirement plans. One plan was for eligible employees of the surviving company (“Surviving Plan”) before and after the merger with Virginia BanCorp. The second plan was for eligible employees of Virginia BanCorp (“Acquired Plan”), which continued subsequent to the legal merger date of April 1, 2017. Any employee hired after April 1, 2017, once eligible, could participate in the Surviving Plan. The Surviving Plan was amended and restated effective January 1, 2018.

During 2017, substantially all employees were eligible to participate in one of the Company’s 401(k) retirement plan beginning the first of the month following their hire date. New employees and employees of the surviving company were eligible to participate in the Surviving Plan. New employees were eligible for participation the month following their hire date, and the Company matched 100% of the first 3% and 50% of the next 3% of all participants’ contributions. Additional contributions can be made at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. Contributions to the Surviving Plan amounted to $277 thousand and $193 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Employees of former Virginia Commonwealth Bank were eligible to participate in the Acquired Plan during 2017. At the discretion of the Board of Directors on an annual basis, the Company matched 100% of participant contributions to the Acquired Plan up to 4% of earned compensation, and this match was deposited into each participant’s account. Such matching contributions by the Company were subject to a vesting schedule whereby participants must have been credited with at least 1,000 hours of service for the plan year. See Note 18 for details on Company contributions to the ESOP.

 

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Note 12. Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk

In the normal course of business, the Company offers various financial products to its customers to meet their credit and liquidity needs. These instruments involve elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instruments for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit written is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company, is based on credit evaluation of the customer.

Subject to its normal credit standards and risk monitoring procedures, the Company makes contractual commitments to extend credit. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments may expire without being completely drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had outstanding loan commitments approximating $144.2 million and $38.2 million, respectively.

Conditional commitments are issued by the Company in the form of performance stand-by letters of credit, which guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, commitments under outstanding performance stand-by letters of credit aggregated $447 thousand and $452 thousand, respectively. The credit risk of issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers.

Note 13. Restrictions on Cash and Due from Banks

The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”) requires banks to maintain cash reserves against certain categories of deposit liabilities. The aggregate amount of daily average required reserves for the final weekly reporting period of 2017 was $13.5 million and $25 thousand for the similar final period of 2016.

Note 14. Other Borrowings

Securities sold under repurchase agreements were $9.5 million and $18.3 million as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and included in liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are secured transactions with customers, generally mature the day following the day sold and can be changed at the option of the Bank with minimal risk of loss due to fair value. During 2017 and 2016, the average rates of the repurchase agreements were 0.17% and 0.16%, respectively. Unused lines of credit with nonaffiliated banks, excluding FHLB, totaled $24.5 million and $21.5 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Draws upon these lines have time limits varying from two to four consecutive weeks. The banks providing these lines can change the interest rates on these lines daily. The lines renew annually and are tested periodically each year.

The table below presents selected information on short-term borrowings:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2017     2016  
(Dollars in Thousands)             

Balance outstanding at period-end

   $ 9,498     $ 18,310  

Maximum balance at any month end during the year

   $ 17,091     $ 18,310  

Average balance for the period

   $ 11,001     $ 9,299  

Weighted average rate for the period

     0.17     0.16

Weighted average rate on borrowings at period end

     0.21     0.13

Estimated fair value at year end

   $ 9,498     $ 18,310  

Note 15. Debt

As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Bank had $70.0 million and $35.0 million of outstanding FHLB debt, respectively, consisting of two and five advances, respectively. Three advances for $5.0 million each that matured in January 2017, June 2017, and September 2017 were repaid as well as one advance for $10.0 million that matured in February 2017 were combined together and rolled over into a $60.0 million fixed rate advance (shown below). The $60.0 million advance that matured in January 2018 was replaced with a $60.0 million fixed rate advance with an interest rate of 1.42% maturing in February of 2018. Subsequently, the $60.0 million advance that matured on February 2, 2018, was replaced with a $60.0 million fixed rate advance with an interest rate of 1.44% maturing on March 5, 2018. On March 5, 2018, the $60.0 million advance matured and was substantially replaced with a $50 million fixed rate advance with an interest rate of 1.63% maturing on April 2, 2018.

The two advances are shown in the following table.

 

Description

   Balance      Originated      Interest Rate     Date  

Adjustable Rate Hybrid

   $ 10,000,000        4/12/2013        3.25750     4/13/2020  

Fixed Rate Credit

     60,000,000        12/1/2017        1.34000     1/2/2018  
  

 

 

       

 

 

   
   $ 70,000,000           1.68000  
  

 

 

       

 

 

   

Advances on the FHLB lines are secured by a blanket lien on qualified 1 to 4 family residential real estate loans. Immediate available credit, as of December 31, 2017, was $162.8 million against a total line of credit of $238.8 million.

As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had $70.0 million and $35.0 million, respectively, in FHLB debt outstanding with a weighted average interest rate of 1.68% and 1.49%, respectively.

 

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Subordinated Debt

On May 28, 2015, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement with 29 accredited investors under which the Company issued an aggregate of $7.0 million of subordinated notes (the “Notes”) to the accredited investors. The Notes have a maturity date of May 28, 2025. The Notes bear interest, payable on the 1st of March and September of each year, commencing September 1, 2015, at a fixed interest rate of 6.50% per year. The Notes are not convertible into common stock or preferred stock, and are not callable by the holders. The Company has the right to redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty, at any interest payment date on or after May 28, 2020 and prior to the maturity date, but in all cases in a principal amount with integral multiples of $1,000, plus interest accrued and unpaid through the date of redemption. If an event of default occurs, such as the bankruptcy of the Company, the holder of a Note may declare the principal amount of the Note to be due and immediately payable. The Notes are unsecured, subordinated obligations of the Company and will rank junior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future senior indebtedness. The Notes qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory reporting.

 

(Dollars in thousands)    Balance as of
December 31, 2017
     Balance as of
December 31, 2016
 

6.5% Subordinated Debt

   $ 7,000      $ 7,000  

Less: Issuance costs

     (123      (140
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 6,877      $ 6,860  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Note 16. Income Taxes

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Commonwealth of Virginia does not charge an income tax for regulated banking institutions. The Tax Reform Act enacted in December 2017 reduced the federal corporate marginal income tax rate from 34% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the Tax Reform Act, the Company recognized a provisional $1.3 million reduction in the value of net deferred tax assets, which was recorded as additional income tax expense in the fourth quarter of 2017 and which increased significantly the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2017. This amount will be final with preparation of the 2017 tax return.

The expense (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

Year ended December 31,

   2017      2016  

Current

   $ 362      $ 1,054  

Deferred

     435        (88
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 797      $ 966  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The reasons for the differences between the statutory Federal income tax rates and the effective tax rates are summarized as follows:

 

     2017     2016  

Statutory rate

     34.0     34.0

Increase (decrease) resulting from:

    

Tax exempt interest

     51.1     -6.1

Bank owned life insurance

     33.9     -2.7

Merger costs

     -15.0     2.5

The Tax Act

     -283.1     0.0

Other, net

     11.4     -0.1
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     -167.8     27.6
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Temporary timing differences between the amounts reported in the financial statements and the tax bases of assets and liabilities result in deferred taxes. Management believes it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The components of the net deferred tax assets and liabilities included in other assets, using federal corporate tax rates of 21% as of December 31, 2017 and 34% as of December 31, 2016, are as follows (in thousands):

 

December 31,

   2017      2016  

Deferred tax assets

     

Allowance for loan losses

   $ 1,632      $ 908  

Interest on non-accrual loans

     58        130  

Other real estate

     433        446  

Pension plan

     170        242  

Postretirement benefits

     96        184  

Unrealized losses (gains) on available-for-sale securities

     130        268  

Deferred compensation

     189        191  

Stock-based compensation

     26        30  

Alternative Minimum Tax Credit

     134        —    

Net discount on loan portfolios acquired in merger with Virginia Bancorp

     1,576        —    

Premium on time deposits acquired in merger with Virginia Bancorp

     89        —    

Other

     212        27  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total deferred tax assets

     4,745        2,426  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Deferred tax liabilities

     

Depreciation

     (69      (126

Amortization of goodwill

     (1,218      (955

Net deferred loan fees and costs

     65        (133

Premium on fixed assets acquired in merger with Virginia Bancorp

     (561      —    

Recapture of bad debts experience reserve

     (229      —    

Other

     (391      (58
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total deferred tax liabilities

     (2,403      (1,272
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net deferred tax assets

   $ 2,342      $ 1,154  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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The Company had investments in three separate housing equity funds at December 31, 2017. The general purpose of these funds is to encourage and assist participants in investing in low-income residential rental properties located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, develop and implement strategies to maintain projects as low-income housing, deliver federal low-income housing tax credits to investors, allocate tax losses and other possible tax benefits to investors, and to preserve and protect project assets. The investments in these funds were recorded as other assets on the consolidated balance sheets and were $1.4 million as of December 31, 2017. These investments and related tax benefits have expected terms through 2030. Tax credits and other benefits recognized related to these investments during 2017 and 2016 were $68 thousand and $17 thousand, respectively. Additional capital calls expected for the funds totaled $1.5 million at December 31, 2017 and are included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Note 17. Regulatory Requirements and Restrictions

The Company (on a consolidated basis) and Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the Commonwealth of Virginia and Federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company and Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy required the Company and the Bank during 2017 to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total common equity Tier 1 and Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier 1 capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined). Management believes that as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.

As of December 31, 2017, the most recent notification from the Federal Reserve categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized on such date, an institution must maintain minimum total risk-based, common equity Tier 1 risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.

In July 2013, the Federal Reserve issued final rules that made technical changes to its capital rules to align them with the Basel III regulatory capital framework and meet certain requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act. Effective January 1, 2015, the final rules require the Bank to comply with the following minimum capital ratios: (i) a new Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets; (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0% of risk-weighted assets (increased from the prior requirement of 4.0%); (iii) a total capital ratio of 8.0% of risk-weighted assets (unchanged from the prior requirement); and (iv) a leverage ratio of 4.0% of total assets (unchanged from the prior requirement). The following additional capital requirements related to the capital conservation buffer will be phased in over a four year period which began on January 1, 2016. When fully phased in on January 1, 2019, the rules will require the Bank to maintain (i) a minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% “capital conservation buffer” (which is added to the 4.5% Common Equity Tier 1 ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7.0% upon full implementation), (ii) a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 6.0% Tier 1 capital ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5% upon full implementation), (iii) a minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 8.0% total capital ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum total capital ratio of 10.5% upon full implementation), and (iv) a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%, calculated as the ratio of Tier 1 capital to average assets. The capital conservation buffer requirement will be phased in as of January 1, 2016, at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets, increasing by the same amount each year until fully implemented at 2.5% on January 1, 2019. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.

 

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The Company’s and the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, are presented in the following tables:

 

     Actual     Minimum
Capital Requirement
    Minimum
To Be Well
Capitalized Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
 
(Dollars in Thousands)    Amount      Ratio     Amount      Ratio     Amount      Ratio  

As of December 31, 2017:

               

Total Risk Based Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)

               

Consolidated

   $ 120,091        16.24   $ 59,150        8.00     N/A        N/A  

Virginia Commonwealth Bank

     93,540        12.70     58,914        8.00   $ 73,642        10.0

Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)

               

Consolidated

     105,444        14.26     44,363        6.00     N/A        N/A  

Virginia Commonwealth Bank

     85,770        11.65     44,185        6.00   $ 58,914        8.0

Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)

               

Consolidated

     105,444        14.26     33,272        4.50     N/A        N/A  

Virginia Commonwealth Bank

     85,770        11.65     33,139        4.50   $ 47,868        6.5

Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)

               

Consolidated

     105,444        10.99     38,382        4.00     N/A        N/A  

Virginia Commonwealth Bank

     85,770        8.97     38,259        4.00   $ 47,824        5.0
     Actual     Minimum
Capital Requirement
    Minimum
To Be Well
Capitalized Under
Prompt Corrective
Action Provisions
 
(Dollars in Thousands)    Amount      Ratio     Amount      Ratio     Amount      Ratio  

As of December 31, 2016:

               

Total Risk Based Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)

               

Consolidated

   $ 51,810        15.02   $ 27,600        8.00     N/A        N/A  

Bank of Lancaster

     46,977        13.69     27,460        8.00   $ 34,325        10.0

Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)

               

Consolidated

     41,087        11.91     20,700        6.00     N/A        N/A  

Bank of Lancaster

     43,114        12.56     20,595        6.00   $ 27,460        8.0

Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)

               

Consolidated

     41,087        11.91     15,525        4.50     N/A        N/A  

Bank of Lancaster

     43,114        12.56     15,446        4.50   $ 22,311        6.5

Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)

               

Consolidated

     41,087        8.66     18,967        4.00     N/A        N/A  

Bank of Lancaster

     43,114        9.18     18,793        4.00   $ 23,491        5.0

Bank Dividends

One source of funds available to the Company is the payment of dividends by the Bank. Banking regulations limit the amount of dividends that may be paid without prior approval from the Bank’s regulators.

Note 18. Employee Stock Ownership Plan

During 2017, the Company had two Employee Stock Ownership Plans. The first plan is a noncontributory Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“Surviving ESOP”) for the benefit of all eligible employees who became eligible prior to and after the merger with Virginia BanCorp on April 1, 2017. Employees who have completed twelve months of service and who have attained the age of 21 years are eligible. Contributions to the plan are at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. Contributions are allocated proportionately based on the covered compensation of each participant compared to the aggregate covered compensation of all participants for the plan year. Allocations are limited to 25% of eligible participant compensation. Participant accounts are 30% vested after two years, 40% vested after three years with vesting increasing 20% each year thereafter, until 100% vested. The Surviving ESOP had 112,847 allocated shares as of December 31, 2017. Contributions to the plan were $75 thousand and $67 thousand in 2017 and 2016, respectively. Dividends received on the Company’s stock held by the Surviving ESOP totaled $14 thousand in 2017 and $0 in 2016. Shares held by the Surviving ESOP are considered outstanding for purposes of computing earnings per share.

 

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As a result of the merger with Virginia BanCorp on April 1, 2017, the Company has a second ESOP (“Acquired ESOP”), which was available to eligible employees of former Virginia Commonwealth Bank. The Acquired ESOP was a non-contributory plan supported by contributions made at the discretion of the Bank’s Board of Directors. The Acquired ESOP was a stock bonus plan qualified under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code and an employee stock ownership plan under Section 4975(e)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Acquired ESOP was eligible to each employee over the age of 21 who had been employed for at least one month. The Company made semi-monthly safe harbor cash contributions totaling 3% of an eligible employee’s compensation to the employee’s account. These safe harbor contributions were not subject to a vesting schedule. At the discretion of the Board of Directors on an annual basis, the Company also matched 100% of eligible employee 401(k) plan contributions up to 4% of earned compensation, and this match was deposited into the employee’s ESOP account. Such matching contributions made by the Company were subject to a vesting schedule whereby participants must have been credited with at least 1,000 hours of service for the plan year.

As of December 31, 2017, the Acquired ESOP has five outstanding loans totaling $1.1 million, with 164,835 unearned shares pledged to those loans and 508,380 shares allocated to employee accounts. The fair value of shares not allocated to participants’ accounts was $1.7 million at December 31, 2017. During 2017, safe harbor contributions to the Acquired ESOP totaled $72 thousand, matching contributions totaled $76 thousand, and dividends received totaled $87 thousand. Expense related to shares committed to be released from loans totaled $133 thousand.

The Surviving Plan was amended and restated effective January 1, 2018, and the Acquired Plan was merged into the Surviving Plan (now, the “Combined ESOP”). Participants of either prior plan on January 1, 2018 shall continue to be a participant in the Combined ESOP. Otherwise, each eligible employee shall become a participant as of the first January 1st or July 1st coinciding with or following the date on which the employee has attained the age of 21 and has completed one year of service in which at least 1,000 hours of service has been credited to the employee. The Company may make discretionary and matching contributions to the Combined ESOP. The employee must become a participant in the Combined ESOP for purposes of receiving allocations of matching contributions as of the first day of the month coinciding with or following the date on which salary deferral contributions are made on their behalf under the 401(k) plan.

Note 19. Stock-Based Compensation Plans

On June 28, 2013, the Company registered a new stock-based compensation plan with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which suspended all other plans. There are 219,210 shares available for grant under this plan at December 31, 2017. Unissued shares are generally used for exercises of stock options and restricted stock grants.

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock awards during 2017 and 2016 was $199 thousand and $60 thousand, respectively. There was no unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options as of December 31, 2017.    During 2017 there were issued 4 separate grants with a total of 86,790 options which were immediately vested compared to 29,500 options granted and vested during 2016. Compensation expense for stock options is the estimated fair value of options granted using the Black-Scholes Model amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award. The expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock price. The risk-free interest rates for the periods within the contractual life of the awards are based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. The expected life is based on historical exercise experience. The dividend yield assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The fair value of options granted during 2017 were $1.93, $1.73, $1.50 and $1.50. The fair value of options granted during 2016 was $2.14 and $2.00.

The variables used in these calculations of the fair value of the options are as follows:

 

     For the twelve months ended December 31,
     2017   2016

Risk free interest rate (5 year Treasury)

   2.10%   1.94%

Expected dividend yield

   1%   0%

Expected term (years)

   5   5

Expected volatility

   16.1%-21.7%   24.5%-40.1%

 

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Stock option plan activity for 2017 and 2016 is summarized below:

 

     Weighted Average     

Weighted Average

Remaining

     Aggregate  
     Shares      Exercise
Price
     Contractual Life
(in years)
     Intrinsic
Value (1)
 

Options outstanding, January 1, 2016

     211,185      $ 6.57        6.0     

Granted

     29,500        7.24        

Forfeited

     (13,787      5.90        

Exercised

     0        0        

Expired

     (8,598      12.84        
  

 

 

    

 

 

       

Options outstanding, December 31, 2016

     218,300      $ 6.35        6.0      $ 378,288  
  

 

 

    

 

 

       

Granted

     86,790        10.08        

Forfeited

     (1,195      8.43        

Exercised

     (43,244      5.85        

Expired

     (9,625      13.76        
  

 

 

    

 

 

       

Options outstanding, December 31, 2017

     251,026      $ 7.43        6.73      $ 753,229  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Options exercisable, December 31, 2017

     251,026      $ 7.43        6.73      $ 753,229  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) The aggregate intrinsic value of a stock option in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the amount by which the current market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the option) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2017. This amount changes based on changes in the market value of the Company’s common stock.

During 2017, the Company awarded 15,500 shares of restricted stock, for a total award value of $131 thousand. As of December 31, 2017, 10,500 shares remain non-vested and $62 thousand of compensation expense remains unrecognized. The value of the restricted stock awards was calculated by multiplying the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date by the number of shares awarded. Employees have the right to vote the shares and to receive cash or stock dividends for restricted shares, if any. Non-vested shares of restricted stock are not included in the computation of basic earnings per share.

Note 20. Earnings per Share

The following table shows the weighted average number of shares used in computing earnings per share and the effect on the weighted average number of shares of dilutive potential common stock.

 

     December 31, 2017      December 31, 2016  
     Average
Shares
     Per share
Amount
     Average
Shares
     Per share
Amount
 

Basic earnings per share

     9,399,223      $ (0.14      4,774,856      $ 0.53  

Effect of dilutive securities:

 

        

Stock options

     —             25,090     
  

 

 

       

 

 

    

Diluted earnings per share

     9,399,223      $ (0.14      4,799,946      $ 0.53  
  

 

 

       

 

 

    

For the year ended 2017, options on 251,026 shares and 10,500 restricted shares were not included in computing diluted earnings per share because their effects were anti-dilutive. For the year ended 2016, options on 62,541 shares were not included in computing diluted earnings per share because their effects were anti-dilutive.

Note 21. Related Parties

The Company has entered into transactions with its directors and principal officers of the Company, their immediate families and affiliated companies in which they are the principal stockholders (related parties). The aggregate amount of loans to such related parties was $7.4 million and $8.9 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. All such loans, in the opinion of management, were made in the normal course of business on the same terms, including interest rate, collectability and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions.

 

(Dollars in thousands       

Balance, January 1, 2017

   $ 8,863  

New loans and extensions to existing loans

     25  

Repayments and other reductions

     (1,534
  

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2017

   $ 7,354  
  

 

 

 

Unfunded commitments to extend credit to related parties were $3.7 million and $2.0 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The Company maintains deposit accounts with some related parties. The aggregate amount of these deposit accounts at December 31, 2017 and 2016 amounted to $1.4 million and $696 thousand, respectively.

On May 28, 2015, the Company issued $7.0 million of 6.50% subordinated debt. Related parties purchased and held principal note amounts of $285 thousand. As of December 31, 2017, the Company owed these related parties $291.0 thousand in principal and accrued interest with regard to the subordinated debt.

 

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Note 22. Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses fair value to record certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Authoritative accounting guidance clarifies that fair value of certain assets and liabilities is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants.

Authoritative accounting guidance specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy based on these two types of inputs are as follows:

 

        Level 1 –   Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
        Level 2 –   Valuation is based on observable inputs including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in less active markets, and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions can be derived primarily from or corroborated by observable data in the market.
        Level 3 –   Valuation is based on model-based techniques that use one or more significant inputs or assumptions that are unobservable in the market.

The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements:

Securities available-for-sale: Securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted market prices, when available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data. Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may determine the fair value of identical or similar securities by using pricing models that consider observable market data (Level 2). In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company employs a third party to determine the fair value of its securities available-for-sale.

During the fourth quarter of 2016, management determined that the methodology used to determine the fair value of certain U.S. government securities as a group instead of individually was considered Level 2 fair value measurement, therefore approximately $1.6 million of Level 1 securities were moved to Level 2. During the fourth quarter of 2016, $1.5 million of corporate bonds were transferred from Level 2 to Level 3 due to the passage of time from the trade date and reliance upon non-binding bid prices as the primary fair value input.

Defined benefit plan assets: Defined benefit plan assets are recorded at fair value on an annual basis at year end.

Mortgage servicing rights: The Company currently owns MSRs from two portfolios, one serviced for Fannie Mae (“FNMA”) and one serviced for Freddie Mac (“FHLMC”).

The MSR for the portfolio serviced for FNMA is recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value recorded in the results of operations. A model is used to determine fair value, which establishes pools of performing loans, calculates cash flows for each pool and applies a discount rate to each pool. Loans are segregated into 14 pools based on each loan’s term and seasoning (age). All loans have fixed interest rates. Cash flows are then estimated by utilizing assumed service costs and prepayment speeds. Monthly service costs were assumed to be $6.50 per loan as of December 31, 2017 and $6.00 per loan as of December 31, 2016. Prepayment speeds are determined primarily based on the average interest rate of the loans in each pool. The prepayment scale used is the Public Securities Association (“PSA”) model, where “100% PSA” means prepayments are zero in the first month, then increase by 0.2% of the loan balance each month until reaching 6.0% in month 30. Thereafter, the 100% PSA model assumes an annual prepayment of 6.0% of the remaining loan balance. The average PSA speed assumption in the fair value model is 150% as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. A discount rate of 13.0% was then applied to each pool as of December 31, 2017 and 14.0% as of December 31, 2016. This discount rate is intended to represent the estimated market yield for the highest quality grade of comparable servicing. This MSR is classified as Level 3.

Similarly, the MSR for the portfolio serviced for FHLMC is recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value recorded in the results of operations. This MSR was acquired by the Bank as part of the merger with Virginia BanCorp effective April 1, 2017. A model is used to determine fair value, which establishes pools of performing loans, calculates cash flows for each pool and applies a discount rate to each. Loans are segregated into five pools based on each loan’s term and coupon strata. All loans have fixed interest rates. Cash flows are then estimated by utilizing assumed service costs and prepayment speeds. Monthly service costs were assumed to be $8.16 per loan as of December 31, 2017. Prepayment speeds are determined primarily based on the average interest rate and seasoning of the loans in each pool. The prepayment scale used is the PSA model as described above. The average PSA speed assumption in the fair value model is 192.4% as of December 31, 2017. The PSA speeds are converted to a constant prepayment rate (“CPR”) and then adjusted by applying betas to reflect the prepayment speeds of the portfolio based on historical payment behavior. As of December 31, 2017, an average CPR of 7.51% was applied based on the prior three years of history. An average discount rate of 3.6% was applied to each pool. This rate is intended to represent the estimated market yield for the highest quality grade of comparable servicing. This MSR is classified as Level 3.    

 

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The following table presents the balances of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of

December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

 

(Dollars in thousands)           Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using  
Description    Balance      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Securities available-for-sale:

           

Corporate bonds

   $ 6,717      $ —        $ —        $ 6,717  

U. S. Government agencies and mortgage backed securities

     49,283        —          49,283        —    

State and municipal obligations

     21,153        —          21,153        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total securities available-for-sale:

   $ 77,153      $ —        $ 70,436      $ 6,717  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Mortgage servicing rights

   $ 999      $ —        $ —        $ 999  

Defined benefit plan assets:

           

Mutual funds - fixed income

     994        994        —          —    

Mutual funds - equity

     1,471        1,471        —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total defined benefit plan assets

   $ 2,465      $ 2,465      $ —        $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

            Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using  
Description    Balance      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Securities available-for-sale:

           

Corporate bonds

   $ 7,704      $ —        $ —        $ 7,704  

U. S. Government agencies

     25,313        —          25,313        —    

State and municipal obligations

     18,156        —          18,156        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total securities available-for-sale:

   $ 51,173      $ —        $ 43,469      $ 7,704  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Mortgage servicing rights

   $ 671      $ —        $ —        $ 671  

Defined benefit plan assets:

           

Mutual funds - fixed income

   $ 1,041      $ 1,041      $ —        $ —    

Mutual funds - equity

     1,649        1,649        —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total defined benefit plan assets

   $ 2,690      $ 2,690      $ —        $ —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The reconciliation of items using Level 3 inputs is as follows:

 

(Dollars in thousands)    MSRs      Corporate
Bonds
 

Balance, January 1, 2017

   $ 671      $ 7,704  

Purchases

     —          —    

Acquired in merger

     324        —    

Impairments

     —          —    

Fair value adjustments

     4        13  

Sales

     —          (1,000
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2017

   $ 999      $ 6,717  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
(Dollars in thousands)    MSRs      Corporate
Bonds
 

Balance, January 1, 2016

   $ 658      $ 3,945  

Purchases

     —        3,750  

Impairments

     —          —    

Fair value adjustments

     13        9  

Sales

     —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2016

   $ 671      $ 7,704  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements:

Impaired Loans: Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected. The measurement of loss associated with impaired loans can be based on either the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. Any given loan may have multiple types of collateral. The vast majority of the collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing a market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company using observable

 

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market data (Level 2). However, if the collateral value is significantly adjusted due to differences in the comparable properties, or is discounted by the Company because of marketability, then the fair value is considered Level 3. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’ financial statements if not considered significant. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). Impaired loans allocated to the ALL are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Other Real Estate Owned: OREO is measured at fair value less estimated costs to sell, based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company. If the collateral value is significantly adjusted due to differences in the comparable properties, or is discounted by the Company because of marketability, then the fair value is considered Level 3. OREO is measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The initial fair value of OREO is based on an appraisal done at the time of foreclosure. Subsequent fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred and included in other noninterest income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The following table summarizes the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at the end of the respective period.

 

            Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2017 Using
 
(Dollars in thousands)    Balance as of                       

Description

   December 31, 2017      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Impaired Loans, net

   $ 3,491      $ —        $ —        $ 3,491  

Other real estate owned, net

     4,284        —          —          4,284  

 

            Fair Value Measurements at
December 31, 2017 Using
 
     Balance as of                       

Description

   December 31, 2016      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Impaired Loans, net

   $ 2,774      $ —        $ —        $ 2,774  

Other real estate owned, net

     2,494        —          —          2,494  

The following table displays quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2017:

 

(Dollars in thousands)    Balance as of
December 31, 2017
    

Valuation Technique

  

Unobservable Input

   Range (Weighted
Average)

Impaired Loans, net

   $ 3,491      Discounted appraised value    Selling Cost    6% - 20% (16%)
         Lack of Marketability    50% - 90% (65%)

Other real estate owned, net

     4,284      Discounted appraised value    Selling Cost    3% - 13% (8%)
         Lack of Marketability    10% - 100% (16%)

The following table displays quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2016:

 

(Dollars in thousands)    Balance as of
December 31, 2016
    

Valuation Technique

  

Unobservable Input

   Range (Weighted
Average)

Impaired Loans, net

   $ 2,774      Discounted appraised value    Selling Cost    10% - 20% (16%)
         Lack of Marketability    50% (50%)

Other real estate owned, net

     2,494      Discounted appraised value    Selling Cost    3% - 13% (5%)
         Lack of Marketability    10% - 20% (11%)

 

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The estimated fair values of financial instruments are shown in the following table. The carrying amounts in the table are included in the balance sheet under the applicable captions.

 

                   Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using  
(Dollars in thousands)    Balance as of      Fair Value as of                       

Description

   December 31, 2017      December 31, 2017      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Financial Assets:

              

Cash and due from banks

   $ 9,396      $ 9,396      $ 9,396      $ —        $ —    

Interest-bearing deposits

     41,971        41,971        41,971        —          —    

Certificates of deposit

     3,224        3,224        —          3,224        —    

Federal funds sold

     6,961        6,961        6,961        —          —    

Securities available-for-sale

     77,153        77,153        —          70,436        6,717  

Restricted securities

     5,787        5,787        —          —          5,787  

Loans, net

     758,726        774,099        —          —          774,099  

Loans held for sale

     1,651        1,651        —          —          1,651  

Accrued interest receivable

     3,194        3,194        —          3,194        —    

Mortgage servicing rights

     999        999        —          —          999  

Financial Liabilities:

              

Non-interest-bearing liabilities

   $ 103,037      $ 103,037      $ 103,037      $ —        $ —    

Savings and other interest-bearing deposits

     299,820        299,820        —          299,820        —    

Time deposits

     358,989        356,450        —          —          356,450  

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

     9,498        9,498        —          9,498        —    

FHLB advances

     70,000        70,486        —          70,486        —    

Subordinated debt

     6,877        7,000        —          —          7,000  

Accrued interest payable

     318        318        —          318        —    

 

                   Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using  
(Dollars in thousands)    Balance as of      Fair Value as of                       

Description

   December 31, 2016      December 31, 2016      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Financial Assets:

              

Cash and due from banks

   $ 4,851      $ 4,851      $ 4,851      $ —        $ —    

Interest-bearing deposits

     7,501        7,501        7,501        —          —    

Certificates of deposit

     4,216        4,216        —          4,216        —    

Federal funds sold

     2,350        2,350        2,350        —          —    

Securities available-for-sale

     51,173        51,173        —          43,469        7,704  

Restricted securities

     2,649        2,649        —          —          2,649  

Loans, net

     381,537        384,468        —          —          384,468  

Loans held for sale

     276        276        —          —          276  

Accrued interest receivable

     1,372        1,372        —          1,372        —    

Mortgage servicing rights

     671        671        —          —          671  

Financial Liabilities:

              

Non-interest-bearing liabilities

   $ 74,799      $ 74,799      $ 74,799      $ —        $ —    

Savings and other interest-bearing deposits

     178,869        178,869        —          178,869        —    

Time deposits

     128,050        127,497        —          —          127,497  

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

     18,310        18,310        —          18,310        —    

FHLB advances

     35,000        35,668        —          35,668        —    

Subordinated debt

     6,860        7,000        —          —          7,000  

Accrued interest payable

     331        331        —          331        —    

The carrying amounts of cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits, federal funds sold or purchased, accrued interest receivable, loans held for sale and non-interest-bearing deposits, are payable on demand, or are of such short duration that carrying value approximates market value.

Securities available-for-sale are carried at quoted market prices, when available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data. Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may determine the fair value of identical or similar securities by using pricing models that consider observable market data (Level 2). In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

The carrying value of restricted securities approximates fair value based on the redemption provisions of the issuer.

 

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MSRs are carried at fair value. As described above, a valuation model is used to determine fair value. This model utilizes a discounted cash flow analysis with servicing costs and prepayment assumptions based on comparable instruments and a discount rate.

The fair value of performing loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar remaining maturities. This calculation ignores loan fees and certain factors affecting the interest rates charged on various loans such as the borrower’s creditworthiness and compensating balances and dissimilar types of real estate held as collateral. The fair value of impaired loans is measured as described within the Impaired Loans section of this note. The fair value of loans does not consider the lack of liquidity and uncertainty in the market that would affect the valuation.

Time deposits are presented at estimated fair value by discounting the future cash flows using interest rates offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

The fair value of the Company’s subordinated debt is estimated by utilizing observable market prices for comparable securities. Qualitative factors like asset quality, market factors and liquidity are also considered.

The fair value of the FHLB advances is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current interest rates offered for similar advances and remaining maturities.

The fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present credit worthiness of the counter parties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair value of standby letters of credit is based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligations with the counter parties at the reporting date. At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the fair value of loan commitments and standby letters of credit was immaterial and therefore, they are not included in the table above.

The Company assumes interest rate risk (the risk that general interest rate levels will change) as a result of its normal operations. As a result, the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments will change when interest rate levels change and that change may be either favorable or unfavorable to the Company. Management attempts to match maturities of assets and liabilities to the extent believed necessary to minimize interest rate risk. However, borrowers with fixed rate obligations are less likely to prepay in a rising rate environment. Conversely, depositors who are receiving fixed rates are more likely to withdraw funds before maturity in a rising rate environment and less likely to do so in a falling rate environment. Management monitors rates and maturities of assets and liabilities and attempts to minimize interest rate risk by adjusting terms of new loans and deposits and by investing in securities with terms that mitigate the Company’s overall interest rate risk.

Note 23. Leases

The Company has long-term leases for three retail branches and office equipment. Lease expense for 2017 and 2016 was $377 thousand and $179 thousand, respectively. Pursuant to the terms of these leases, the following is a schedule, by year, of future minimum lease payments required under the long-term non-cancelable lease agreements (in thousands).

 

2018

     341  

2019

     270  

2020

     262  

2021

     270  

2022

     160  
  

 

 

 
     1,303  
  

 

 

 

Note 24. Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company

Financial information pertaining only to Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. is as follows:

 

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Condensed Balance Sheets    December 31, 2017      December 31, 2016  

Assets

     

Cash and due from non-affiliated banks

   $ 24,475      $ 990  

Interest-bearing deposits

     609        168  

Certificates of deposit

     —          1,240  

Investments in subsidiaries

     96,539        45,510  

Other assets

     2,002        1,680  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 123,625      $ 49,588  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

     

Liabilities

     

Subordinated debt

   $ 6,877      $ 6,860  

Deferred directors’ compensation

     901        561  

Other borrowings

     1,129        —    

Other liabilities

     162        462  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     9,069        7,883  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity

     114,556        41,705  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   $ 123,625      $ 49,588  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

(Dollars in thousands)

Condensed Statements of Operations

   Years ended December 31,  
     2017      2016  

Interest income

   $ 2      $ 17  

Interest expense

     481        472  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net interest expense

     (479      (455

Non-interest income

     857        678  

Non-interest expense

     1,752        1,261  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loss before income taxes and equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries

     (1,374      (1,038

Income tax benefit

     (340      (194
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loss before equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries

     (1,034      (844
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries

     (238      3,379  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income (loss)

   $ (1,272    $ 2,535  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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(Dollars in thousands)

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

   Years ended December 31,  
     2017      2016  

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:

     

Net income (loss)

   $ (1,272    $ 2,535  

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:

     

Amortization of debt issuance costs

     17        16  

Stock-based compensation

     200        60  

Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries

     238        (3,379

Decrease (increase) in other assets

     (324      240  

Net change in deferred directors’ compensation

     340        83  

(Decrease) increase in other liabilities

     (300      (688
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash used in operating activities

     (1,101      (1,133
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:

     

Maturities (purchases) of certificates of deposit

     1,240        1,240  

Investment in subsidiaries

     (8,750      (1,000
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net provided by (cash used) in investing activities

     (7,510      240  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:

     

Dividends paid and cash in lieu of stock

     (1,431      —    

Stock options exercised

     253        —    

Issuance of stock, net

     32,804        —    

ESOP loans acquired from VBC

     911        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

     32,537        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net decrease in cash and due from banks

     23,926        (893

Cash and cash equivalents at January 1

     1,158        2,051  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at December 31

   $ 25,084      $ 1,158  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Note 25. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, net

The balances in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are shown in the following table (dollars in thousands):

 

     Net Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on Securities
     Pension and
Post-retirement
Benefit Plans
     Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 

Balance January 1, 2016

   $ 107      $ (883    $ (776

Change in net unrealized holding losses on securities, before reclassification, net of tax benefit of $175

     (340      —          (340

Reclassification for previously unrealized net gains recognized in income, net of tax expense of $148

     (287      —          (287

Net gain on pension and postretirement plans, net of tax expense of $87

     —          168        168  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance December 31, 2016

     (520      (715      (1,235
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Change in net unrealized holding gains on securities, before reclassification, net of tax expense of $30

     114        —          114  

Reclassification for previously unrealized net gains recognized in income, net of tax expense of $0

     (2      —          (2

Net gain on pension and postretirement plans, net of tax expense of $41

     —          155        155  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net current period other comprehensive gain (loss)

     112        155        267  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, reclassification from AOCI to retained earnings, tax effect

     (81      (107      (188
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2017

   $ (489    $ (667    $ (1,156
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Reclassification for previously unrealized gains and impairments on securities and pension and postemployment related costs are reported in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) as follows:

 

     Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Reclassification for the Year Ended
December 31, 2017
 
(Dollars in thousands)    Holding gains (losses)
on securities
     Pension and
postemployment costs
 

Net gains on sales of securities available-for-securities

   $ 2      $ —    

Salaries and employee benefits

     —          (81

Tax (expense) benefit

     —          28  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Impact on net income

   $ 2      $ (53
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
     Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Reclassification for the Year Ended
December 31, 2016
 
(Dollars in thousands)    Holding gains (losses)
on securities
     Pension and
postemployment costs
 

Net gains on sale of securities available-for-securities

   $ 435      $ —    

Salaries and employee benefits

     —          (77

Tax (expense) benefit

     (148      26  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Impact on net income

   $ 287      $ (51
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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ITEM 9: CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A: CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Controls and Procedures

As of December 31, 2017, the Company, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer, completed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act. In designing and evaluating its disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential conditions. Based upon their evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company did not maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures due to the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting described below.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act, and for assessing the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that a misstatement of our financial statements would be prevented or detected. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on this assessment, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was ineffective as of December 31, 2017, due to the existence of material weaknesses. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

 

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The material weaknesses were identified during the course of completing the Company’s financial reporting process as of December 31, 2017 and subsequent to the Company’s migration to a new core operating system as part of its 2017 merger with Virginia BanCorp, Inc. The following represent the material weaknesses:

 

    Failure to meet two COSO criteria:

 

    COSO principle number 2: Management establishes, with board oversight, structures, reporting lines, and appropriate authorities in the pursuit of objectives. Financial reporting responsibilities were not clearly communicated which created delays in the release of timely and accurate financial statements.

 

    COSO principle number 4: The Organization demonstrates a commitment to attract, develop, and retain competent individuals in alignment with objectives. The accounting team, as of December 31, 2017, did not have an adequate number of individuals with the depth of financial reporting knowledge needed for the size and complexity of the Company.

 

    Lack of sufficient controls around the financial reporting process that allowed for the timely release of financial statements, that included timely reconciliation of material accounts;

 

    Lack of sufficient internal controls around the preparation of the tax calculation, specifically, the Company did not maintain effective controls related to review of the deferred tax calculation related to the merger. The deferred tax calculation was not reviewed at a precise or sensitive enough level that could detect a material misstatement; and

 

    Inadequate internal controls in the Company’s calculation of the ALL and accurate fair value reporting of the acquisition of loans pertaining to a pool of purchased consumer term loans. Specifically, there was a failure to monitor the realized losses pertaining to a pool of purchased consumer term loans, which provided contrary evidence that the fair value estimated as of the effective date of the merger was sufficient. Other control deficiencies included a lack of documentation on reconciliation of activity in the ALL model to supporting schedules and no documented review of the inputs used in accounting for loans acquired in the merger by management.

These control deficiencies could result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements and disclosures that would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Accordingly, management has concluded that these control deficiencies constitute material weaknesses. The Company performed procedures to mitigate the impact of these deficiencies on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017, including reviews and the performance of additional analysis and other procedures by additional staff and outside professionals.

The foregoing has been approved by the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer, who have been involved in the analysis of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report from the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report is not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to the rules of the SEC that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report.

Remediation

Management, with oversight from the Audit Committee, is committed to remediating the foregoing material weaknesses and is actively engaged in the implementation of a remediation plan to ensure that controls contributing to these material weaknesses are designed appropriately and will operate effectively. The Company has engaged professional outside accounting services to remediate weaknesses in financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Further, the Company hired a new Chief Financial Officer and Controller with substantial SEC reporting experience and expertise required to implement appropriate changes in internal controls surrounding the areas mentioned above. To remediate the tax calculation material weakness, the Company plans to strengthen the review procedures by hiring additional accounting staff skilled in tax preparation and by engaging outside tax professionals, if needed. Stronger quarterly tax controls with improved documentation standards, technical oversight, and training will be implemented. To remediate the material weakness in the ALL calculation and acquisition accounting, the Company plans to strengthen the monitoring and documentation of accounting for loans acquired in the merger related to the purchased portfolio of consumer loans. The reconciliation of data flowing into the ALL model will be more formally documented. In addition, as the Company continues to evaluate and work to improve its internal control over financial reporting in the areas described above, management plans to design and implement additional compensating measures and controls to address control deficiencies. The new controls and procedures will be tested throughout the year. Our goal is to remediate this material weakness by the end of 2018, subject to there being sufficient opportunities to conclude, through testing, that the enhanced controls are operating effectively.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except as noted in the preceding paragraphs, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B: OTHER INFORMATION

None.

PART III

ITEM 10: DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Other than as set forth below, the information required by this item will be included in the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting of shareholders and incorporated herein by reference or in an amendment to this Form 10-K filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K.

Code of Ethics

The Company has adopted a Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Code of Ethics applicable to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. A copy of the code is filed as Exhibit 14.1 to this report and may be obtained without charge by written request to the Company’s Corporate Secretary.

 

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ITEM 11: EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item will be included in the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and incorporated herein by reference or in an amendment to this Form 10-K filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K.

ITEM 12: SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Other than as set forth below, the information required by this Item will be included in the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and incorporated herein by reference or in an amendment to this Form 10-K filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K.

Equity Compensation Plan Table

The following table summarizes information, as of December 31, 2017, relating to the Company’s stock-based compensation plans, pursuant to which grants of options to acquire shares of common stock have been and may be granted from time to time.

 

At December 31, 2016

   Number of Shares
To be Issued
Upon Exercise
Of Outstanding
Options,
Warrants and
Rights
    Weighted-Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights
     Number of Shares
Remaining Available
for Future Issuance Under
Equity Compensation  Plan
 

Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders

     251,026 (1)    $ 7.43        219,210  

Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders

     —         —          —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     251,026     $ 6.35        219,210  

 

(1) Consists entirely of shares of common stock underlying previously granted stock options that have not been exercised. All of these options were granted pursuant to the Company’s stock-based compensation plans.

ITEM 13: CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item will be included in the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and incorporated herein by reference or in an amendment to this Form 10-K filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K.

ITEM 14: PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item will be included in the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and incorporated herein by reference or in an amendment to this Form 10-K filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K.

PART IV

ITEM 15: EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

 

  (a)1. Financial Statements are included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 

  (a)2. All required tables are included in Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

  (a)3. Exhibits

 

No.

  

Description

  2.1    Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated November  2, 2016, by and between Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. and Virginia BanCorp Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K filed on November 8, 2016).
  3.1    Articles of Incorporation, as amended, of Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002).

 

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  3.2    Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. (filed herewith).
  3.3    Bylaws, as amended, of Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Form 8-K filed on March 15, 2018).
  4.1    Form of 6.50% Subordinated Note (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 8-K filed on June 2, 2015).
10.1    Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated November  2, 2016, by and among Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc., Bank of Lancaster and Randal R. Greene (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed on November 8, 2016).
10.2    Employment Agreement, dated November  2, 2016, by and among Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc., Bank of Lancaster and Deborah M. Evans (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K filed on November 8, 2016).
10.3    Employment Agreement, dated November  2, 2016, by and among Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc., Bank of Lancaster and Douglas F. Jenkins, Jr. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Form 8-K filed on November 8, 2016).
10.4    1998 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999).
10.5    2003 Incentive Stock Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.0 to the Form S-8, Commission File Number 333-112947, filed on February 19, 2004).
10.6    2008 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Form S-8, Commission File Number 333-155370, filed on November 14, 2008).
10.7    Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Form S-8, Commission File Number 333-189688, filed on June 28, 2013).
10.8    Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement for the Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Form S-8, Commission File Number 333-189688, filed on June 28, 2013).
10.9    Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement for the Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Form S-8, Commission File Number 333-189688, filed on June 28, 2013).
10.10    Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for the Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to the Form S-8, Commission File Number 333-189688, filed on June 28, 2013).
10.11    Employment Agreement, dated November 2, 2016, between Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. and C. Frank Scott, III (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Form S-4, Commission File Number 333-214921, filed on January 30, 2017).
10.12    Employment Agreement, dated November 2, 2016, between Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. and James A. Wilson, Jr. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Form S-4, Commission File Number 333-214921, filed on January 30, 2017).
10.13    Employment Agreement, dated November 2, 2016, between Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. and C. Rodes Boyd, Jr. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Form S-4, Commission File Number 333-214921, filed on January 30, 2017).
10.14    Employment Agreement, dated as of March 12, 2018, by and among Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc., Virginia Commonwealth Bank and Judy C. Gavant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed on March 15, 2018).
10.15    Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 29, 2017, by and among Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc. and the purchasers thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K filed on September 1, 2017).
11.1    Statement re: Computation of per share earnings. (Incorporated by reference to Note 20 of the 2017 Consolidated Financial Statements included herein).
14.1    Code of Ethics (filed herewith).
21.1    Subsidiaries of the Company (filed herewith).
23.1    Consent of Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP (filed herewith).
31.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) as Adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (filed herewith).
32.1    Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (filed herewith).
101    The following materials from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 16: FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on the 6th day of April, 2018.

 

Bay Banks of Virginia, Inc.
(registrant)
By:  

/s/ Randal R. Greene

  Randal R. Greene
  President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant, and in the capacities indicated, on the 6th day of April, 2018.

PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE AND ACTING FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING OFFICER:

 

/s/ Randal R. Greene

Randal R. Greene
President and Chief Executive Officer

DIRECTORS:

 

/s/ C. Frank Scott, III

C. Frank Scott, III
Chairman, Board of Directors
Director

/s/ Randal R. Greene

Randal R. Greene
Vice Chairman, Board of Directors
Director

/s/ C. Dwight Clarke

C. Dwight Clarke
Director

/s/ Elizabeth H. Crowther, Ed.D.

Elizabeth H. Crowther, Ed.D.
Director

/s/ Richard A. Farmar

Richard A. Farmar
Director

/s/ Julien G. Patterson

Julien G. Patterson
Director

/s/ Lawrence N. Ashworth

Lawrence N. Ashworth
Director

/s/ James B. McNeer

James B. McNeer
Director

/s/ Larry C. Tucker

Larry C. Tucker
Director

/s/ James P. VanLandingham

James P. VanLandingham
Director

 

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