UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-K

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number 01‑35525

 

SMITH MICRO SOFTWARE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (949) 362-5800

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    YES  ☐    NO  ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934    YES  ☐    NO  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10‑K  ☐

Indicate by check mark if whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐    

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    YES  ☐    NO  ☒

As of June 30, 2017, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second quarter, the aggregate market value of the common stock of the registrant held by non-affiliates was $18,910,405 based upon the closing sale price of such stock as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market on that date. For purposes of such calculation, only executive officers, board members, and beneficial owners of more than 10% of the registrant’s outstanding common stock are deemed to be affiliates.

As of March 23, 2018, there were 18,250,909 shares of common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are incorporated by reference in Part III of this report.

 

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SMITH MICRO SOFTWARE, INC.

2017 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In this document, the terms “Smith Micro,” “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Smith Micro Software, Inc. and, where appropriate, its subsidiaries.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Report”) contains forward-looking statements regarding Smith Micro which include, but are not limited to, statements concerning our ability to remain a going concern, our ability to raise additional capital, customer concentration, projected revenues, expenses, gross profit and income, the competitive factors affecting our business, market acceptance of products, the success and timing of new product introductions, and the protection of our intellectual property. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management's beliefs, and certain assumptions made by us. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “potential,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “should,” “may,” “will,” and variations of these words or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.  Forward-looking statements also include the assumptions underlying or relating to any of the foregoing statements.  These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, our actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements as a result of various factors.  Such factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

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The forward-looking statements contained in this Report are made on the basis of the views and assumptions of management regarding future events and business performance as of the date this Report is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In addition, we operate in a highly competitive and rapidly changing environment; therefore, new risk factors can arise, and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors, nor to assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or the extent to which any individual risk factor, or combination of risk factors, may cause results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. We do not undertake any obligation to update these statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date this Report is filed.

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PART I

Item 1. BUSINESS

General

Smith Micro develops software to simplify and enhance the mobile experience, providing solutions to leading wireless service providers, device manufacturers, and wireless users around the world. From optimizing wireless networks to uncovering customer experience insights, and from providing visual access to wireless voicemail to ensuring family safety, our solutions enrich connected lifestyles while creating new opportunities to engage consumers via smartphones. We also provide a services platform for the Internet of Things (“IoT”) that enables comprehensive device management and firmware over-the-air (“FOTA”) updates for various types of connected devices. In addition, Smith Micro’s portfolio includes a wide range of products for creating, sharing, and monetizing rich content, such as visual messaging and 2D/3D graphics applications. With this as a focus, it is Smith Micro’s mission to help our customers thrive in a connected world.

For more than three decades, Smith Micro has developed deep expertise in embedded software for mobile devices, policy-based management platforms, and highly-scalable client and server applications. Tier 1 mobile network operators, cable providers, original equipment manufacturers (“OEM”)/device manufacturers, and enterprise businesses across a wide range of industries use our software to capitalize on the growth of connected consumers, mobile apps, vehicle telematics, and smart cities.

In general, we help our customers:

We continue to innovate and evolve our business to take advantage of industry trends and opportunities in emerging markets, such as digital lifestyle services and online safety, “Big Data” analytics, automotive telematics, and the industrial IoT. The key to our longevity, however, is not simply technological innovation, but a never-ending focus on customer value.

During fiscal year 2017, we made several important steps toward profitability. We completed a major restructuring of our business to bring expenses in-line with current revenues, decreasing expenses by approximately $3.5 million per quarter. Our new Chief Financial Officer, Timothy C. Huffmyer, brought an extensive background of financial planning and analysis, public-company experience in the technology sector, as well as mergers and acquisition experience to Smith Micro’s management team. Smith Micro ended 2017 on a strong note with the launch of its flagship product, SafePath® Family, with Sprint, the first Tier 1, U.S.-based mobile network operator (“MNO”) to roll out the service.

In addition to these milestones, we also closed two private funding rounds in fiscal year 2017. These stock-based transactions helped the Company to reduce debt, increase stockholder equity, and increase funds available for working capital purposes.

The Company was incorporated in California in November 1983, and reincorporated in Delaware in June 1995. Our principal executive offices are located at 51 Columbia, Aliso Viejo, California 92656. Our telephone number is (949) 362-5800. Our website address is www.smithmicro.com, and we make our filings with the U.S. Securities and

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Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) available on the Investor Relations page of our website. Information contained on our website does not constitute a part of this Report.  Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ under the symbol “SMSI”.

Business Segments

Our business is focused on two industry segments: Wireless and Graphics. We do not separately allocate operating expenses, nor do we allocate specific assets to these segments. Therefore, segment information reported includes only revenues. See Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for financial information related to our business segments and geographical information.

Wireless Segment

The wireless industry continues to undergo rapid change on all fronts, from the ubiquity of Wi-Fi and cellular networks, to the vast array of connected devices, mobile applications, and digital content consumed by users who want information, high-speed wireless connectivity, and entertainment anytime, anywhere. While most of us think about being “connected” in terms of computers, tablets and smartphones, the IoT is creating a world where almost anything can be connected to the wireless internet. Wearable devices such as smartwatches, fitness trackers and GPS locators are now commonplace, enabling people and pets to be connected to the “Internet of Everything” as well. These devices have created an entire ecosystem of over-the-top (“OTT”) apps, while expanding how communication service providers can provide value to mobile consumers.

In addition, pervasive connectivity has changed the way businesses operate on small and grand scales.  For example, Wi-Fi hotspots are being deployed by neighborhood bookstores and coffee houses to keep customers on premise longer, as well as by large sports arenas to deliver real-time video feeds via social networks and online broadcasts.  Retailers are now spending more than 50% of their advertising budgets on mobile media, and targeting for those advertisements is driven by “Big Data” initiatives that collect consumer information from virtually every online or mobile interaction.

Although there are numerous business opportunities associated with pervasive connectivity, there are also many challenges, including:

To address these challenges, Smith Micro offers multi-platform, modular solutions such as:

SafePath® – The SafePath platform is a scalable, cloud-based platform for MNOs and enterprises to provide device monitoring and protection services for their subscribers, customers, employees and students. The platform’s flagship product, SafePath Family, is a next-generation location tracking and parental controls platform that enables mobile operators to provide comprehensive family safety functionalities to their subscribers as a white-labeled value-added service.

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QuickLink® IOT Services Platform – QuickLink IoT is a comprehensive device management solution for the Internet of Everything. Providing standards-based IoT device management functionality combined with robust support for FOTA and application over-the-air (“AOTA”) updates, QuickLink IoT simplifies and streamlines the complexity of IoT device management at scale.

CommSuite® – Smith Micro’s CommSuite premium messaging platform helps MNOs deliver a next-generation voicemail experience to mobile subscribers, while enabling them to monetize a legacy cost-center. CommSuite Visual Voicemail (“VVM”) quickly and easily allows users to manage voice messages just like email or SMS – with reply, forwarding and social sharing options. CommSuite also enables multi-language Voice-to-Text (“VTT”) transcription messaging, which facilitates convenient message consumption for users by reading versus listening. In 2017, the CommSuite product was installed on more than 18 million mobile handsets.

NetWise® – NetWise is a policy-on-device platform that optimizes wireless Quality of Experience (“QoE”). Addressing challenges central to today's mobile lifestyle such as connection and network traffic management, Wi-Fi discovery, credential provisioning, user authentication and radio management, NetWise is a proven carrier-grade solution for communications service providers (“CSP”).

Captivate™ – Captivate is a mobile engagement and Big Data analytics platform that enables CSPs and business to consumer (“B2C”) enterprises to deliver contextual mobile promotions and advertising at the right time and place. Captivate provides mobile device-based consumer insights that are invaluable to all types of consumer-facing businesses in understanding, segmenting and targeting mobile consumers.

For 35 years, Smith Micro has provided software solutions for global businesses, evolving with the Telecom industry through the Internet age. Today, the Company develops wireless standards-based software that is extensible, interoperable, scalable, and proven to meet the most dynamic and demanding mobile environments.

Graphics Segment

Smith Micro’s graphics group develops a variety of software, including graphic design and animation, and compression and PC/Mac utilities, for consumers, professional artists, and educators. These products are available through direct sales on Smith Micro websites (smithmicro.com, mysmithmicro.com and contentparadise.com), as well as through affiliate websites, resellers, and retail outlets.

The Company’s graphics portfolio includes Poser®, a professional solution for 3D Figure Design and Animation; Moho® (formerly Anime Studio®), a complete solution for 2D animation; and MotionArtist®, an easy-to-use tool that enables amateur and professional artists to bring comics to life with animated panels, text and word balloons. These programs are used by major entertainment studios, and world-renowned artists and graphics firms to create award-winning movies, television shows, TV advertising, internet media content, 3D gaming, and visual designs. Our reseller agreement with Japanese software developer Celsys, which permitted us to market, license and provide support for the English-language version of Clip Studio® Paint (formerly Manga Studio), terminated in the fourth quarter of 2017. As such, Clip Studio Paint was phased out of our product portfolio in 2017.

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Products

Our primary products consist of the following:

 

 

Marketing and Sales Strategy

Because of our broad product portfolio, deep integration experience, and flexible business models, we can quickly bring to market innovative solutions that support our customers’ needs to create new revenue opportunities and differentiate their products and services among their competitors.

Our marketing and sales strategy is as follows:

Leverage Operator and OEM Relationships. We continue to capitalize on our strong relationships with the world’s leading MNOs, MSOs, and device manufacturers. These customers serve as our primary distribution channel, providing access to hundreds of millions of end users around the world.

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Focus on High-Growth Markets. We continue to focus on providing digital lifestyle solutions, analytics/Big Data solutions, premium messaging services, and wireless connectivity taking advantage of expanding 4G and Wi-Fi networks, as well as the explosive growth of smartphones, tablets, and IoT devices.

Expand our Customer Base. In addition to growing business with current customers, we are increasing penetration of the enterprise market, with particular focus on large B2C companies, such as retail brands, banking, and hospitality, as well as industrial IoT companies deploying connected devices.

Key Revenue Contributors

Revenues attributable to Sprint and their respective affiliates in the Wireless business segment accounted for 61%, 63%, and 65% of the Company’s total revenues for fiscal years 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Revenues attributable to FastSpring in the Graphics business segment accounted for 14%, 14%, and 11% of the Company’s total revenues for fiscal years 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. The loss of any of our major customers or decisions by a significant customer to substantially reduce purchases from us for any reason could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Customer Service and Technical Support

We provide technical support and customer service through our online knowledge base, email, and live chat. OEM customers generally provide their own primary customer support functions and rely on us for support to their technical support personnel.

Product Development

The software industry, particularly the wireless market, is characterized by rapid and frequent changes in technology and user needs. We work closely with industry groups and customers, both current and potential, to help us anticipate changes in technology and determine future customer needs. Software functionality depends upon the capabilities of the hardware. Accordingly, we maintain engineering relationships with various hardware manufacturers and we develop our software in tandem with their product development. Our engineering relationships with manufacturers, as well as with our major customers, are central to our product development efforts. We remain focused on the development and expansion of our technology, particularly in the wireless space. Research and development expenditures amounted to $9.0 million, $15.9 million, and $13.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

Manufacturing

We utilize manufacturing capabilities for our Graphics physical products. Our product development group produces a product master for each product that is then duplicated and packaged into products by the manufacturing organization. All product components are purchased by our personnel in our Aliso Viejo, California facility. Our manufacturing is subcontracted to outside vendors and includes the replication of CD-ROMs and the printing of documentation materials. Assembly of the final package is completed by our Aliso Viejo, California facility.

Competition

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive and subject to rapid changes in technology. These conditions create new opportunities for Smith Micro, as well as for our competitors, and we expect new competitors to continue to enter the market. We not only compete with other software vendors for new customer contracts, we also compete to acquire technology and qualified personnel.

We believe that the principal competitive factors affecting the mobile software market include domain expertise, product features, usability, quality, price, customer service, and effective sales and marketing efforts. Although we believe that our products currently compete favorably with respect to these factors, there can be no assurance that we can maintain our competitive position against current and potential competitors. We also believe that the market for our software products has been and will continue to be characterized by significant price competition. A material reduction in the price we obtain for our products would negatively affect our profitability.

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Many of our existing and potential customers have the resources to develop products that compete directly with our products. As such, these customers may opt to discontinue the purchase of our products in the future. With this as background, our future performance is substantially dependent upon the extent to which existing customers elect to purchase software from us rather than designing and developing their own software.

Proprietary Rights and Licenses

 

We protect our intellectual property through a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, foreign intellectual property laws, confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions. We have United States and foreign patents and pending patent applications that relate to various aspects of our products and technology. We have also registered, and applied for the registration of, U.S. and international trademarks, service marks, domain names, and copyrights. We will continue to apply for such protections in the future as we deem necessary to protect our intellectual property. We seek to avoid unauthorized use and disclosure of our proprietary intellectual property by requiring employees and third parties with access to our proprietary information to execute confidentiality agreements with us and by restricting access to our source code.

 

Our wireless customers license our products through software license agreements or access our offerings through software as a service (“SaaS”) agreements, and our graphics products are subject to “click-through” end user license agreements. Our license agreements contain restrictions on reverse engineering, duplication, disclosure, and transfer, and our SaaS agreements contain restrictions on access and use.

 

Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary technology and our intellectual property rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or obtain and use our technology to develop applications with the same functionality as our applications. Policing unauthorized use of our technology and intellectual property rights is difficult, and we may not be able to detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights or take effective steps to enforce our intellectual property rights.

Employees

As of December 31, 2017, we had a total of 161 employees within the following departments: 103 in engineering, 28 in sales and marketing, 12 in operations and customer support, and 18 in management and administration. We are not subject to any collective bargaining agreement and we believe that our relationships with our employees are good.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our future operating results are highly uncertain. Before deciding to invest in our common stock or to maintain or increase your investment, you should carefully consider the risks described below, in addition to the other information contained in this Report and in our other filings with the SEC, including our other Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business operations. If any of these risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be seriously harmed. In that event, the market price for our common stock could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment.

If we are unable to meet our obligations as they become due over the next twelve months, the Company may not be able to continue as a going concern.

We currently believe that we will be able to meet our financial obligations as they become due over the next twelve months, primarily based on our current working capital levels, our current financial projections, and our ability to secure short-term loans and raise capital when necessary.  

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Our ability to continue as a going concern is substantially dependent upon these factors.  If our financial and cash flow position the Company unfavorably compared to our internal plans and projections, we may need to consider additional actions to mitigate conditions or events that would raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, including the following:

Should our going concern assumption not be appropriate or should we become unable to continue in the normal course of operations, adjustments would be required to our consolidated financial statements to the amounts and classifications of assets and liabilities, and these adjustments could be significant. Our consolidated financial statements do not reflect the adjustments or reclassifications of assets and liabilities that would be necessary if we were to become unable to continue as a going concern.

We may raise additional capital through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities or by borrowing money in order to meet our capital needs. Additional funds to allow us to meet our capital needs may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all.

We believe that our cash and the cash we expect to generate from operations will be sufficient to meet our capital needs for the next twelve months. However, it is possible that we may need or choose to obtain additional financing to fund our future activities. We could raise these funds by selling more stock to the public or to selected investors, or by borrowing money. We may not be able to obtain additional funds on favorable terms, or at all. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to curtail our operations or other business activities significantly or to obtain funds through arrangements with strategic partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to certain technologies or potential markets.

It is possible that our future capital requirements may vary materially from those currently anticipated. The amount of capital that we will need in the future will depend on many factors, including but not limited to:

In addition, we may raise additional capital to accommodate planned growth, hiring, and infrastructure needs or to consummate acquisitions of other businesses, products or technologies.

Our current customer profile, including the fact that we derive a significant portion of our revenues from sales to a concentrated number of clients, may adversely impact our revenues and operating results.

In our Wireless business segment, we sell primarily to large carriers, cable operators, and OEMs, so there are a limited number of actual and potential customers for our products, resulting in significant customer

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concentration.  For the year ended December 31, 2017, sales to Sprint and their affiliates comprised 61% of our total revenues.

Because of our relatively high customer concentration, this carrier and other large customers possess a relative level of pricing power over us, and any material decrease in sales to any of them would materially affect our revenue and profitability. 

Our carrier, cable operator, and OEM customers are not the end users of our products and our revenue is in many instances dependent upon distribution of our products by our customers to their end users.  If any of their efforts to market and sell products and services incorporating our software and services are unsuccessful in the marketplace, our revenues and profitability could be adversely affected.

We also derive a significant portion of our revenue from a few vertical markets, such as wireless carriers, cable operators, and handset manufacturers.  In order to sustain and grow our business, we must continue to sell our software products in these vertical markets. Shifts in the dynamics of these vertical markets, such as new product introductions by our competitors, could materially harm our results of operations, financial condition and prospects. Increasing our sales outside our core vertical markets, for example to large enterprises, requires us to devote time and resources to hire and train sales employees familiar with those industries. Even if we are successful in hiring and training sales teams, customers in other vertical markets may not need or sufficiently value our current products or new product introductions.

If there are delays in the distribution of our products or if customer negotiations for our new products cannot occur on a timely basis, we may not be able to generate revenues sufficient to meet the needs of the business in the foreseeable future or at all.

The Company has a history of net losses, may incur substantial net losses in the future, and may not achieve profitability.

We have undertaken recent restructurings to reduce our expenses to be more in line with our current and projected revenue. However, if our revenues do not increase in the future, we will likely need to undertake further restructurings, operating losses will likely continue, and we may not be able to achieve profitability in the foreseeable future.

Our quarterly revenues and operating results are difficult to predict and could fall below analyst or investor expectations, which could cause the price of our common stock to fall.

Our quarterly revenues and operating results have fluctuated significantly in the past and may continue to vary from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, many of which are not within our control. If our operating results do not meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors, our stock price may decline. Fluctuations in our operating results may be due to a number of factors, including the following:

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We have difficulty predicting the volume and timing of orders. In any given quarter, our sales may involve large financial commitments from a relatively small number of customers. As a result, the cancellation or deferral of even a small number of orders could materially impact our revenues, which would adversely affect our quarterly financial performance. Also, we have often recorded a large amount of our sales in the last month of the quarter and often in the last week of that month. Accordingly, delays in the closing of sales near the end of a quarter could cause quarterly revenues to fall substantially short of anticipated levels. Significant sales may also occur earlier than expected, which could cause operating results for later quarters to compare unfavorably with operating results from earlier quarters.

Future orders may come from new customers or from existing customers for new products.  The sales cycles may be greater than what we have experienced in the past, increasing the difficulty to predict quarterly revenues.

Because we sell primarily to large carriers, cable/MSOs and OEM customers, we have no direct relationship with most end users of our products.  This indirect relationship delays feedback and blurs signals of change in the quick-to-evolve wireless ecosystem, and is one of the reasons we have difficulty predicting demand.

A large portion of our operating expenses, including rent, depreciation and amortization, is fixed and difficult to reduce or change. Accordingly, if our total revenue does not meet our expectations, we may not be able to adjust our expenses quickly enough to compensate for the shortfall in revenue. In that event, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.

Due to all of the foregoing factors, and the other risks discussed in this Report, you should not rely on quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results as an indication of future performance.

Technology and customer needs change rapidly in our market, which could render our products obsolete and negatively affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our success depends on our ability to anticipate and adapt to changes in technology and industry standards. We will also need to continue to develop and introduce new and enhanced products to meet our target markets’ changing demands and keep up with evolving industry standards, including changes in the Microsoft, Google, and Apple operating systems with which our products are designed to be compatible, and to promote those products successfully. The communications and graphics software markets in which we operate are characterized by rapid technological change, changing customer needs, frequent new product introductions, evolving industry standards, and short product life cycles. In addition, some of the technology we market, which has been sold as software in the past, can be integrated at the chipset level by the leading mobile chipset manufacturers.  Any of these factors could render our existing products obsolete and unmarketable. In addition, new products and product enhancements can require long development and testing periods as a result of the complexities inherent in today’s computing environments and the performance demanded by customers and called for by evolving wireless networking technologies. If our target markets do not develop as we anticipate, our products do not gain widespread acceptance in these markets, or we are unable to develop new versions of our software products that can operate on future wireless networks and PC and mobile device operating systems and interoperate with other popular applications, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Competition within our target markets is intense and includes numerous established competitors and new entrants, which could negatively affect our revenues and results of operations.

We operate in markets that are extremely competitive and subject to rapid changes in technology.  Because there are low barriers to entry into the software markets in which we participate and may participate in the future, we expect significant competition to continue from both established and emerging software companies, both domestic and international.  In fact, our growth opportunities in new product markets could be limited to the extent established

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and emerging software companies enter or have entered those markets. Furthermore, our existing and potential OEM customers may acquire or develop products that compete directly with our products.

Many of our other current and prospective competitors have significantly greater financial, marketing, service, support, technical, and other resources than we do. As a result, they may be able to adapt more quickly than we can to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements or to devote greater resources to the promotion and sale of their products. Announcements of competing products by competitors could result in the cancellation of orders by customers in anticipation of the introduction of such new products.  In addition, some of our competitors are currently making complementary products that are sold separately. Such competitors could decide to enhance their competitive position by bundling their products to attract customers seeking integrated, cost-effective software applications. Some competitors have a retail emphasis and offer OEM products with a reduced set of features. The opportunity for retail upgrade sales may induce these and other competitors to make OEM products available at their own cost or even at a loss.  We also expect competition to increase as a result of software industry consolidations, which may lead to the creation of additional large and well-financed competitors.  Increased competition is likely to result in price reductions, fewer customer orders, reduced margins, and loss of market share.

We have introduced products to support higher speed networking and 4G technologies and services and next generation networks.  If the market for these products does not develop as we have anticipated or if the adoption of and investments in these technologies and services grows more slowly than we have anticipated, our operating results, financial condition, and prospects may be negatively affected.

 

We have introduced products to support new high-speed networking, 4G technologies, and next generation networks, but the pace of the market adoption of such technologies and the deployment of next generation networks is uncertain. Where some of the products that we have introduced to support high-speed networking and 4G technologies have allowed us to enter new markets, such as mobile marketing and analytics, a viable market for these products may not develop or be sustainable, and we may face intense competition in these markets.  

Future sales and any future profits from these and related products are substantially dependent upon the acceptance and use of these new high-speed networking and 4G technologies, on the continued adoption and use of mobile data services by end users, on our carrier, MSO, and enterprise customers’ ability to successfully introduce new mobile services enabled by our products, and on our ability to broaden our carrier customer base, which we believe will be difficult and time-consuming.  If the adoption of and investments in new networking and 4G technologies does not grow or grows more slowly than anticipated, or if CSPs delay their deployment of next generation networks or fail to deploy such networks successfully, or if we are unable to compete in new markets for our products, we will not obtain the anticipated returns from our planning and development investments.  To the extent we devote substantial resources and incur significant expenses to enable our products to be interoperable with new networks that have failed or have been delayed or not deployed, our operating results, financial condition, and prospects may be negatively affected.

If we are unable to retain key personnel, the loss of their services could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our future performance depends in significant part upon the continued service of our senior management and other key technical personnel. We do not have employment agreements with our key employees. The loss of the services of our key employees would materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our future success also depends on our ability to continue to attract, retain, and motivate qualified personnel, particularly highly skilled engineers involved in the ongoing research and development required to develop and enhance our products. Competition for these employees remains high and employee retention is a common problem in our industry. Our inability to attract and retain the highly trained technical personnel that are essential to our product development, marketing, service, and support teams may limit the rate at which we can generate revenue, develop new products or product enhancements and generally would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely directly and indirectly on third-party intellectual property and licenses, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

Many of the Company’s products and services include third-party intellectual property, which requires licenses from those third parties directly to us or to unrelated companies which provide us with sublicenses and/or execution of

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services for the operation of our business. These products and services include our wireless suite of products, as well as our graphics products. The Company has historically been able to obtain such licenses on reasonable terms.  There is, however, no assurance that the necessary licenses could be obtained on acceptable terms, or at all, in the future. If the Company or our third-party service providers are unable to obtain or renew critical licenses on reasonable terms, we may be forced to terminate or curtail our products and services which rely on such intellectual property, and our financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected.

If we fail to continue to establish and maintain strategic relationships with mobile device manufacturers, wireless carriers, cable MSOs and network infrastructure manufacturers, market acceptance of our products and our profitability may suffer.

Most of our strategic relationships with mobile device manufacturers are not subject to written contract, but rather are in the form of informal working relationships. We believe these relationships are valuable to our success. In particular, these relationships provide us with insights into product development and emerging technologies, which allows us to keep abreast of, or anticipate, market trends, and helps us serve our current and prospective customers. Because these relationships are not typically governed by written agreements, there is no obligation for many of our partners to continue working with us. If we are unable to maintain our existing strategic relationships with mobile device manufacturers or if we fail to enter into additional strategic relationships or the parties with whom we have strategic relationships favor one of our competitors, our ability to provide products that meet our current and prospective customers’ needs could be compromised and our reputation and future revenue prospects could suffer. For example, if our software does not function well with a popular mobile device because we have not maintained a relationship with its manufacturer, carriers seeking to provide that device to their respective customers could choose a competitor’s software over ours or develop their own. Even if we succeed in establishing these relationships, they may not result in additional customers or revenues.

Our growth depends in part on our customers’ ability and willingness to promote our services and attract and retain new end user customers or achieve other goals outside of our control.

We sell our wireless products for use on handheld devices primarily to our carrier, cable/MSO, and enterprise customers, who deploy our products for use by their end user customers. The success of our carrier, cable/MSO and enterprise customers, and their ability and willingness to market services to their end users that are supported by our products, is critical to our future success.  Our ability to generate revenues from sales of our software is also constrained by our carrier customers’ ability to attract and retain customers. We have no input into or influence upon their marketing efforts and sales and customer retention activities. If our large carrier customers fail to maintain or grow demand for their services, revenues or revenue growth from our products designed for use on mobile devices will decline and our results of operations will suffer.

Our acquisitions of companies or technologies may disrupt our business and divert management attention and cause our current operations to suffer.

We have historically made targeted acquisitions of smaller companies with important technology and expect to continue to do so in the future.  As part of any acquisition, we will be required to assimilate the operations, products, and personnel of the acquired businesses and train, retain, and motivate key personnel from the acquired businesses. We may not be able to maintain uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies if we fail in these efforts. Similarly, acquisitions may cause disruptions in our operations and divert management’s attention from our Company’s day-to-day operations, which could impair our relationships with our current employees, customers, and strategic partners. Acquisitions may also subject us to liabilities and risks that are not known or identifiable at the time of the acquisition.

We may also have to incur debt or issue equity securities in order to finance future acquisitions. Our financial condition could be harmed to the extent we incur substantial debt or use significant amounts of our cash resources in acquisitions. The issuance of equity securities for any acquisition could be substantially dilutive to our existing stockholders. In addition, we expect our profitability could be adversely affected because of acquisition-related accounting costs, write offs, amortization expenses, and charges related to acquired intangible assets. In consummating acquisitions, we are also subject to risks of entering geographic and business markets in which we have had limited or no prior experience. If we are unable to fully integrate acquired businesses, products, or technologies within existing operations, we may not receive the intended benefits of such acquisitions.

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Our operating income or loss may continue to change due to shifts in our sales mix and variability in our operating expenses.

Our operating income or loss can change quarter to quarter and year to year due to a change in our sales mix and the timing of our continued investments in research and development and infrastructure. We continue to invest in research and development, which is the lifeline of our technology portfolio.  The timing of these additional expenses can vary significantly quarter to quarter and even from year to year.

Our products may contain undetected software defects, which could negatively affect our revenues.

Our software products are complex and may contain undetected defects. In the past, we have discovered software defects in certain of our products and have experienced delayed or lost revenues during the period it took to correct these problems.  Although we and our OEM customers test our products, it is possible that errors may be found or occur in our new or existing products after we have commenced commercial shipment of those products.  Defects, whether actual or perceived, could result in adverse publicity, loss of revenues, product returns, a delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position, or claims against us by customers. Any such problems could be costly to remedy and could cause interruptions, delays, or cessation of our product sales, which could cause us to lose existing or prospective customers and could negatively affect our results of operations. In addition, some of our software contains open source components that are licensed under the GNU General Public License and other open source licenses. These components may contain undetected defects or incompatibilities, may cause us to lose control over the development of portions of our software code, and may expose us to claims of infringement if these components are, or incorporate, infringing materials, the licenses are not enforceable or are modified to become incompatible with other open source licenses, or exposure to misappropriation claims if these components include unauthorized materials from a third party.

Regulations affecting our customers and us and future regulations, to which they or we may become subject to, may harm our business.

Certain of our customers in the communications industry are subject to regulation by the Federal Communications Commission, which could have an indirect effect on our business. In addition, the U.S. telecommunications industry has been subject to continuing deregulation since 1984. We cannot predict when, or upon what terms and conditions, further regulation or deregulation might occur or the effect regulation or deregulation may have on demand for our products from customers in the communications industry. Demand for our products may be indirectly affected by regulations imposed upon potential users of those products, which may increase our costs and expenses.

We may be unable to adequately protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights, which could negatively impact our revenues.

Our success is dependent upon our software code base, our programming methodologies and other intellectual properties and proprietary rights. In order to protect our proprietary technology, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, nondisclosure agreements, patents, and copyright and trademark law. We currently own U.S. trademark registrations for certain of our trademarks and U.S. patents for certain of our technologies.  However, these measures afford us only limited protection. Furthermore, we rely primarily on “shrink wrap” licenses that are not signed by the end user and, therefore, may be unenforceable under the laws of certain jurisdictions. Accordingly, it is possible that third parties may copy or otherwise obtain our rights without our authorization. It is also possible that third parties may independently develop technologies similar to ours. It may be difficult for us to detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property and proprietary rights.

We may be subject to claims of intellectual property infringement as the number of trademarks, patents, copyrights, and other intellectual property rights asserted by companies in our industry grows and the coverage of these patents and other rights and the functionality of software products increasingly overlap. From time to time, we have received communications from third parties asserting that our trade name or features, content, or trademarks of certain of our products infringe upon intellectual property rights held by such third parties. We have also received correspondence from third parties separately asserting that our products may infringe on certain patents held by each of the parties. Although we are not aware that any of our products infringe on the proprietary rights of others, third parties may claim infringement by us with respect to our current or future products. Additionally, our customer agreements require that we indemnify our customers for infringement claims made by third parties involving our intellectual property embedded in their products. Infringement claims, whether with or without merit, could result in time-consuming and costly litigation, divert the attention of our management, cause product shipment delays, or

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require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements with third parties. If we are required to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, they may not be on terms that are acceptable to us. Unfavorable royalty or licensing agreements could seriously impair our ability to market our products.

Our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected as a result of legal, business, and economic risks specific to international operations.

In recent years, our revenues derived from sales to customers outside the U.S. have not been material. Our revenues derived from such sales can vary from quarter to quarter and from year to year. We also frequently ship products to our domestic customers’ international manufacturing divisions and subcontractors. In the future, we may expand these international business activities. International operations are subject to many inherent risks, including:

These conditions may increase our cost of doing business. Moreover, as our customers are adversely affected by these conditions, our business with them may be disrupted and our results of operations could be adversely affected.

Security and privacy breaches may harm our business.

The uninterrupted operation of our hosted solutions and the confidentiality and security of third-party information is critical to our business. Any failures in our security and privacy measures, such as “hacking” of our systems by outsiders, could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. If we are unable to protect, or our customers perceive that we are unable to protect, the security and privacy of our electronic information, our growth could be materially adversely affected. A security or privacy breach may:

While we believe we use proven applications designed for data security and integrity to process electronic transactions, there can be no assurance that our use of these applications will be sufficient to address changing market conditions or the security and privacy concerns of existing and potential customers.  In addition, our customers and end users may use our products and services in a manner which violates security or data privacy laws

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in one or more jurisdictions.  Any significant or high profile data privacy breaches or violations of data privacy laws, whether directly through our hosted solutions or by third parties using our products and services, could result in the loss of business and reputation, litigation against us and regulatory investigations and penalties that could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

Interruptions or delays in service from data center hosting facilities could impair the delivery of our service and harm our business.

We currently serve our customers from data center hosting facilities. Any damage to, or failure of, such facilities generally could result in interruptions in our service. Interruptions in our service may reduce our revenue, cause us to issue credits or pay penalties, cause customers to terminate their on-demand services, and adversely affect our renewal rates and our ability to attract new customers.

If we fail to meet the requirements for continued listing on the NASDAQ Stock Market, our common stock would likely be delisted from trading on NASDAQ, which would likely reduce the liquidity of our common stock and could cause our trading price to decline.

Our common stock is currently listed for quotation on the NASDAQ Stock Market. We are required to meet specified financial requirements in order to maintain our listing on NASDAQ. If we fail to satisfy NASDAQ’s continued listing requirements, our common stock could be delisted from NASDAQ and our common stock would instead trade on the OTC Market.  Any potential delisting of our common stock from NASDAQ would likely result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility of our common stock, and would likely cause our trading price to decline.

We may have exposure to additional tax liabilities.

As a multinational corporation, we are subject to income taxes as well as sales, use, and other non-income based taxes, in both the U.S. and various foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes, sales and use taxes, and other tax liabilities. Changes in tax laws or tax rulings may have a significantly adverse impact on our effective tax rate.

We are also subject to non-income based taxes, such as payroll, sales, use, value-added, net worth, property, and goods and services taxes, in both the United States and various foreign jurisdictions. We are regularly under audit by tax authorities with respect to these non-income based taxes and may have exposure to additional non-income based tax liabilities. An increasing number of states have considered or have adopted laws that attempt to impose obligations on out-of-state retailers to collect sales and use taxes on their behalf.  A successful assertion by one or more states or foreign countries requiring us to collect sales and use taxes where we do not do so could result in substantial tax liabilities, including for past sales, as well as penalties and interest.

Although we believe that our income and non-income based tax estimates are reasonable, there is no assurance that our provisions for taxes are correct, or that the final determination of tax audits or tax disputes will not be different from what is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals.  If we are required to pay substantially more taxes in the future or for prior periods, our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Evolving information security and data privacy laws and regulations may result in increased compliance costs, impediments to the development or performance of our offerings, and monetary or other penalties.

 

Because our solutions process customer data that may contain personally identifying information, we are or may become subject to federal, state and foreign laws and regulations regarding the privacy and protection of such data. These laws and regulations address a range of issues, including data privacy, cybersecurity and restrictions or technological requirements regarding the collection, use, storage, protection, retention or transfer of data. The regulatory framework for data privacy and cybersecurity issues worldwide can vary substantially from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Foreign privacy and data protection laws and regulations can be more restrictive than those in the United States. In the European Union (“EU”), the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), is due to come into force in May 2018. The GDPR will replace the current EU Data Protection Directive and related country-specific legislation. The GDPR will include operational and governance requirements for companies that collect or process personal data of residents of the European Union that differ from or expand upon those currently in place in the EU. The GDPR also provides for significant penalties for non-compliance. The costs of compliance with, and

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other burdens imposed by, these laws and regulations may become substantial and may limit the use and adoption of our offerings, require us to change our business practices, impede the performance and development of our solutions, or lead to significant fines, penalties or liabilities for noncompliance with such laws or regulations.

Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

Item 2. PROPERTIES

Our corporate headquarters is located in Aliso Viejo, California, where we currently lease and occupy approximately 24,688 square feet of space pursuant to lease that expires on May 31, 2019. We lease an additional 19,100 square feet in Aliso Viejo, California under a lease that expires January 31, 2022, which we have subleased to a third party through January 31, 2022. We lease 15,300 square feet in Watsonville, California under a lease that expires September 30, 2018, which we have subleased to a third party through September 30, 2018.  We lease 55,600 square feet in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania under a lease that expires December 31, 2021. We sublease 19,965 square feet of our leased space in Pittsburgh under an agreement which commenced on February 1, 2015 and continues for the remainder of our lease term. Internationally, we lease 6,300 square feet in Belgrade, Serbia under a lease that expires December 31, 2021. We lease 6,900 square feet in Stockholm, Sweden under a lease that expires May 31, 2019, and we lease 3,200 square feet in Braga, Portugal under a lease that expires July 31, 2018.

Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company may become involved in various legal proceedings arising from its business activities. While management does not currently believe that the ultimate disposition of these matters will have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or financial position, litigation is inherently unpredictable, and depending on the nature and timing of these proceedings, an unfavorable resolution could materially affect the Company’s future consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position in a particular period.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable.

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PART II

Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Stock Market under the symbol “SMSI.” The high and low sale prices for our common stock as reported by NASDAQ are set forth below for the periods indicated.  The prices have been adjusted for our 1:4 reverse stock split that occurred on August 17, 2016.

 

 

On March 23, 2018, the closing sale price for our common stock as reported by NASDAQ was $1.68.

For information regarding Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans, please refer to Item 12.

Holders

As of March 23, 2018, there were approximately 133 holders of record of our common stock based on information provided by our transfer agent.

Dividends

 

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We do not expect to pay any cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Any determination to pay dividends on our common stock in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws, and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, general business conditions, and other factors that our board of directors considers relevant.  Any declaration and payment of dividends on our common stock will be further subject to the preferential rights of holders of shares of our Series B 10% Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), if any such shares remain outstanding.  

The holders of our Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, out of funds legally available therefor, cumulative cash dividends on such shares at a rate per share of ten percent (10%) per annum, payable (i) when and as declared by our board of directors, in quarterly installments on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1, (ii) upon conversion of such shares into common stock, and (iii) upon our optional redemption of such shares in accordance with the terms set forth in the Certificate of Designation for our Series B Preferred Stock.

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Purchases of Equity Securities by the Company

The table set forth below shows all purchases of securities by us during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017:

 

 

The above table includes:

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Item 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Report. The following selected consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss data for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, and the consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 2017 and 2016, have been derived from audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report. The consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss data presented below for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 are derived from audited consolidated financial statements that are not included in this Report.

 

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Item 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Report.  This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” Readers are also urged to carefully review and consider these and other disclosures made by us which attempt to advise interested parties of the factors which affect our business.

Introduction and Overview

Smith Micro develops software to simplify and enhance the mobile experience, providing solutions to leading wireless service providers, device manufacturers, and wireless users around the world.  From optimizing wireless networks to uncovering customer experience insights, and from providing visual access to wireless voicemail to ensuring family safety, our solutions enrich connected lifestyles while creating new opportunities to engage consumers via smartphones. We also provide a services platform for the IoT that enables comprehensive device management and FOTA updates for various types of connected devices. In addition, Smith Micro’s portfolio includes a wide range of products for creating, sharing, and monetizing rich content, such as visual messaging and 2D/3D graphics applications. With this as a focus, it is Smith Micro’s mission to help our customers thrive in a connected world.

For more than three decades, Smith Micro has developed deep expertise in embedded software for mobile devices, policy-based management platforms, and highly-scalable client and server applications. Tier 1 mobile network operators, cable providers, OEMs/device manufacturers, and enterprise businesses across a wide range of industries use our software to capitalize on the growth of connected consumers, mobile apps, vehicle telematics, and smart cities.

During fiscal year 2017, we experienced a decrease in our revenues primarily due to lower customer demand for our CommSuite product. Several new SafePath® contracts have been signed and launched during the 2017 fiscal year; however, related revenue is increasing at a slower rate than expected. The restructuring actions taken in 2016 and early 2017 were realized throughout the year, resulting in a significant decrease in annual operating expenses. The Company reduced its rate of loss and used short-term borrowings and various equity transactions as a source of cash while the SafePath® contracts increase revenue to expected levels.

Results of Operations

Revenues to Sprint and their respective affiliates in the Wireless business segment accounted for 61%, 63%, and 65% of the Company’s total revenues for fiscal years 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Revenues to FastSpring in the Graphics business segment accounted for 14%, 14%, and 11% of the Company’s total revenues for fiscal years 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. These two customers accounted for 72%, 80%, and 83% of accounts receivable for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

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The following table sets forth certain consolidated statement of comprehensive loss data as a percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated:

 

 

Revenues and Expense Components

The following is a description of the primary components of our revenues and expenses:

Revenues. Revenues are net of sales returns and allowances. Our operations are organized into two business segments:

The following table shows the revenues generated by each business segment (in thousands):

 

 

Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues consists of direct product and assembly, maintenance, data center, royalties, and technical support expenses.

Selling and marketing. Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, advertising costs, sales commissions, trade show expenses, and the amortization of certain intangible assets. These expenses vary significantly from quarter to quarter based on the timing of trade shows and product introductions.

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Research and development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and equipment costs required to conduct our software development efforts.  It also includes the amortization of certain intangible assets.

General and administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, professional services and fees paid for external service providers, space and occupancy costs, and legal and other public company costs.

Change in carrying value of contingent liability. The change in the carrying value of the Pennsylvania grant liability. See discussion under sub-heading, “Pennsylvania Opportunity Grant Program,” appearing in Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Loss on debt extinguishment. Loss resulting from the extinguishment of debt.

Interest income (expense), net. Interest expense is primarily related to interest on our debt, and the credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate used to measure our operating lease termination liabilities in restructuring.

Other income (expense), net. Other income (expense) is primarily related to fixed assets disposals.

Provision for income tax expense (benefit). The Company accounts for income taxes as required by Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic No. 740, Income Taxes.  This statement requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns.  Measurement of the deferred items is based on enacted tax laws.  In the event the future consequences of differences between financial reporting bases and tax bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities result in a deferred tax asset, we are required to evaluate the probability of being able to realize the future benefits indicated by such asset.  The deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based upon all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Establishing, reducing or increasing a valuation allowance in an accounting period generally results in an increase or decrease in tax expense in the statement of operations. We must make significant judgments to determine the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, unrecognized tax benefits, and any valuation allowance to be recorded against deferred tax assets.  Because of our loss position, the current provision for income tax expense consists of state income tax minimums, foreign tax withholdings, and foreign income taxes. After consideration of the Company’s continuing cumulative loss position as of December 31, 2017, the Company retained a valuation allowance related to its U.S.-based deferred tax assets of $53.0 million at December 31, 2017. During fiscal year 2017, the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets decreased by $23.7 million.

Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2016

Revenues. Revenues of $23.0 million for fiscal year 2017 decreased $5.3 million, or 18.6%, from $28.2 million for fiscal year 2016. Wireless revenues of $18.3 million decreased $4.7 million, or 20.5%, from $23.0 million for fiscal year 2016. The decrease was primarily due to lower customer demand for the CommSuite product, Sprint’s decreased usage of the NetWise product, and the Cable/MSO business which decreased $0.5 million due to slower customer rollouts resulting in lower license purchases.  We expect lost revenues to be replaced in 2018 with the roll out of our SafePath solution with Sprint and other near term opportunities. Graphics sales decreased $0.5 million, or 10.0%, from $5.1 million for fiscal year 2016, primarily due to lower customer demand. Our reseller agreement with Japanese software developer Celsys, which permitted us to market, license and provide support for the English-language version of Clip Studio Paint (formerly Manga Studio), terminated in 2017. As such, Clip Studio Paint was phased out of our product portfolio in 2017.

Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues of $5.1 million for fiscal year 2017 decreased $2.5 million, or 32.8%, from $7.6 million for fiscal year 2016.  This decrease was primarily due to the lower revenues, maintenance costs, and costs related to our restructuring activities in late 2016 and early 2017. Also during 2017, we realized favorable cost reductions from certain vendors and contracts related to delivering revenues.

Gross profit. Gross profit of $17.9 million or 77.9% of revenues for fiscal year 2017 decreased $2.8 million, or 13.4%, from $20.7 million, or 73.2% of revenues for fiscal year 2016. The 4.7 percentage point increase was primarily due to the reduction of costs related to our restructuring activities and lower costs from our vendors.

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Selling and marketing. Selling and marketing expenses of $6.2 million for fiscal year 2017 decreased $3.4 million, or 35.7%, from $9.6 million for fiscal year 2016. This decrease was primarily due to our restructuring activities in late 2016 and early 2017 which included a reduction in force, resulting in a savings of $3.0 million of employee and employee related costs of which $0.3 million was stock-based compensation, and a reduction of $0.5 million of advertising and marketing related expenses.  The amortization of intangible assets was $0.1 million.  

Research and development. Research and development expenses of $9.0 million for fiscal year 2017 decreased $7.0 million, or 43.7%, from $15.9 million for fiscal year 2016. This decrease was primarily due to our restructuring activities in late 2016 and early 2017 which included a reduction in force, resulting in a savings of $3.0 million of employee related costs, of which $0.3 million was stock-based compensation.

General and administrative. General and administrative expenses of $8.6 million for fiscal year 2017 decreased $1.8 million, or 17.3%, from $10.3 million for fiscal year 2016. This decrease was primarily due to lower costs as a result of our restructuring activities, specific initiatives to reducing spending on travel and general information technology support services, and a reduction of certain acquisition related services including legal expenses.

Restructuring expenses.  Restructuring income of $0.1 million for fiscal year 2017 was a result of our restructuring activities in early 2017, which included a one-time reduction in force charges of approximately $0.8 million offset by a change in the estimated restructured lease liability based on the finalization of certain sublease contracts to third parties.  

Long-lived asset impairment.  There were no impairment charges in fiscal year 2017. An intangible asset was impaired that resulted in a charge to the statement of operations of $0.4 million in fiscal year 2016.  

Change in carrying value of contingent liability.  The change in the carrying value of the Pennsylvania grant liability resulted in income of $0.7 million for fiscal year 2016. See discussion under sub-heading, “Pennsylvania Opportunity Grant Program,” appearing in Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Loss on debt extinguishment. Loss on debt extinguishment of $0.4 million in 2017 was a result of the extinguishment of debt related to the exchange of a related party note for the newly issued Series B Preferred Stock in September 2017.

Interest income (expense), net.  Interest expense was $1.1 million for fiscal year 2017, $0.3 million of which was due to a higher volume of short term debt during the year.

Provision for income tax expense. The Company accounts for income taxes as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 740, Income Taxes.  This statement requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns.  Measurement of the deferred items is based on enacted tax laws.  In the event the future consequences of differences between financial reporting bases and tax bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities result in a deferred tax asset, we are required to evaluate the probability of being able to realize the future benefits indicated by such asset.  The deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based upon all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Establishing, reducing or increasing a valuation allowance in an accounting period generally results in an increase or decrease in tax expense in the statement of operations. We must make significant judgments to determine the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, unrecognized tax benefits, and any valuation allowance to be recorded against deferred tax assets.  Because of our loss position, the current provision for income tax expense consists of state income tax minimums, foreign tax withholdings, and foreign income taxes. After consideration of the Company’s continuing cumulative loss position as of December 31, 2017, the Company retained a valuation allowance related to its U.S.-based deferred tax assets of $53.0 million at December 31, 2017. During fiscal year 2017, the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets decreased by $23.7 million.

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Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2015

Revenues. Revenues of $28.2 million for fiscal year 2016 decreased $11.3 million, or 28.5%, from $39.5 million for fiscal year 2015. Wireless revenues of $23.1 million decreased $10.5 million, or 31.2%. The decrease was primarily due to Sprint which decreased $8.2 million due to the termination of the NetWise and connection manager business, the Cable/MSO business which decreased $1.1 million due to slower customer rollouts, and the continued decline of our legacy connection manager business which decreased $1.2 million. Graphics sales decreased $0.8 million, or 13.5%, primarily due to lower customer demand for most of our products except Moho, which increased 12% year-over-year.  

Cost of revenues. Cost of revenues of $7.5 million for fiscal year 2016 decreased $0.6 million, or 7.2%, from $8.1 million for fiscal year 2015.  This decrease was primarily due to the lower revenues, lower maintenance costs, and lower spending.

Gross profit. Gross profit of $20.7 million or 73.2% of revenues for fiscal year 2016 decreased $10.7 million, or 34.1%, from $31.4 million, or 79.4% of revenues for fiscal year 2015. The 6.2 percentage point decrease was primarily due to the decreased revenues.

Selling and marketing. Selling and marketing expenses of $9.6 million for fiscal year 2016 increased $0.7 million, or 8.0%, from $8.9 million for fiscal year 2015. This increase was primarily due to the Birdstep acquisition of $0.5 million and increased advertising of $0.1 million.  The amortization of intangible assets resulting from the Birdstep and iMobileMagic acquisitions was $0.2 million.  Stock-based compensation of $0.3 million in 2016 decreased by $0.1 million from 2015.  

Research and development. Research and development expenses of $15.9 million for fiscal year 2016 increased $2.0 million, or 14.7%, from $13.9 million for fiscal year 2015. This increase was primarily due to the Birdstep and iMobileMagic acquisitions of $1.2 million and other headcount additions during the year of $1.2 million.  They were partially offset by reduced spending in other areas of $0.2 million.  Stock-based compensation was $0.5 million in fiscal year 2016, a decrease of $0.2 million from fiscal year 2015.

General and administrative. General and administrative expenses of $10.3 million for fiscal year 2016 decreased $0.8 million, or 6.9%, from $11.1 million for fiscal year 2015. This decrease was primarily due to lower depreciation of $0.7 million and cost reductions of $0.2 million, partially offset by increased travel of $0.3 million, acquisition costs of $0.2 million, and legal fees of $0.1 million.  Stock-based compensation expense decreased from $1.2 million to $0.7 million, or $0.5 million.  

Restructuring expenses.  Restructuring expense was $0.3 million for fiscal year 2016 due to one-time employee terminations of $0.2 million and other expenses of $0.1 million.  There were no restructuring expenses in 2015.  

Long-lived asset impairment.  An intangible asset was impaired that resulted in a charge to the statement of operations of $0.4 million in fiscal year 2016.  There were no impairment charges in 2015.

Change in carrying value of contingent liability.  The change in the carrying value of the Pennsylvania grant liability was income of $0.7 million for fiscal year 2016.

Interest income (expense), net.  Interest expense was $0.3 million for fiscal year 2016 due to the issuance of notes payable on September 6, 2016 and the credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate used to measure our operating lease termination liabilities in restructuring.

Provision for income tax expense. The Company accounts for income taxes as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 740, Income Taxes. This statement requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns.  Measurement of the deferred items is based on enacted tax laws.  In the event the future consequences of differences between financial reporting bases and tax bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities result in a deferred tax asset, we are required to evaluate the probability of being able to realize the future benefits indicated by such asset.  The deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based upon all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Establishing, reducing or increasing a valuation allowance in an accounting period generally results in an increase or decrease in tax expense in the statement of

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operations. We must make significant judgments to determine the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, unrecognized tax benefits, and any valuation allowance to be recorded against deferred tax assets.  Because of our loss position, the current provision for income tax expense consists of state income tax minimums, foreign tax withholdings, and foreign income taxes. After consideration of the Company’s continuing cumulative loss position as of December 31, 2016, the Company retained a valuation allowance related to its U.S.-based deferred tax assets of $76.4 million at December 31, 2016.  During fiscal year 2016, the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets increased by $1.5 million and decreased by $0.8 million during fiscal year 2015.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Going Concern Evaluation

In connection with preparing consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, management evaluated whether there were conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date that the financial statements are issued.

The Company considered the following:

Ordinarily, conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern relate to the entity’s ability to meet its obligations as they become due.

The Company evaluated its ability to meet its obligations as they become due within one year from the date that the financial statements are issued by considering the following:

In addition to the recent capital raised on March 5, 2018, management also believes that the Company will generate enough cash from operations to satisfy its obligations for the next twelve months from the issuance date.  

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The Company will take the following actions if it starts to trend unfavorably to its internal profitability and cash flow projections, in order to mitigate conditions or events that would raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern:

At December 31, 2017, we had $2.2 million in cash and cash equivalents and $3.1 million of working capital.

Operating Activities

In 2017, net cash used in operating activities was $7.4 million primarily due to our net loss adjusted for non-cash items of $4.2 million, decreases of accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $2.9 million, and an increase in accounts receivable of $0.4 million.

In 2016, net cash used in operating activities was $11.5 million primarily due to our net loss adjusted for non-cash items of $12.6 million, decreases of accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $2.0 million and a decrease of deferred revenue of $0.8 million.  This usage was partially offset by a decrease of accounts receivable of $3.4 million, prepaid assets of $0.3 million, and a decrease of other assets of $0.2 million.

In 2015, net cash used in operating activities was $0.1 million primarily due to decreases in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $1.4 million and decreases in deferred revenue of $1.0 million. This usage was partially offset by our net loss adjusted for depreciation, amortization, non-cash stock-based compensation, inventory and accounts receivable reserves of $1.5 million, income tax refunds of $0.7 million, and decreases in other prepaid assets of $0.1 million.

Investing Activities

In 2017, cash used in investing activities was less than $0.1 million, related to capital expenditures.

In 2016, cash provided by investing activities was $1.1 million due to the proceeds from the sale of short-term investments of $4.1 million, partially offset by the acquisition of Birdstep of $1.9 million, the acquisition of iMobileMagic of $0.6 million, and capital expenditures of $0.5 million.

In 2015, cash used by investing activities were for the purchase of short-term investments of $1.2 million and capital expenditures of $0.1 million.

Financing Activities

In 2017, cash provided by financing activities was $7.5 million due to net proceeds from common and preferred stock offerings of $4.5 million and proceeds from short-term promissory notes of $3.0 million.

In 2016, cash provided by financing activities was $3.8 million due to the net proceeds from the issuance of debt instruments.

In 2015, cash provided by financing activities was de minimis as a result of cash received from the sale of stock for our employee stock purchase plan and the exercise of stock options.

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Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

 

During our normal course of business, we have made certain indemnities, commitments, and guarantees under which we may be required to make payments in relation to certain transactions. These include: intellectual property indemnities to our customers and licensees in connection with the use, sale and/or license of our products; indemnities to various lessors in connection with facility leases for certain claims arising from such facility or lease; indemnities to vendors and service providers pertaining to claims based on the negligence or willful misconduct; indemnities involving the accuracy of representations and warranties in certain contracts; and indemnities to directors and officers of the Company to the maximum extent permitted under the laws of the State of Delaware. We may also issue a guarantee in the form of a standby letter of credit as security for contingent liabilities under certain customer contracts. The duration of these indemnities, commitments and guarantees varies, and in certain cases, may be indefinite. The majority of these indemnities, commitments and guarantees may not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential for future payments we could be obligated to make. We have not recorded any liability for these indemnities, commitments and guarantees in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Real Property Leases

Our corporate headquarters is located in Aliso Viejo, California, where we currently lease and occupy approximately 24,688 square feet of space pursuant to lease that expires on May 31, 2019. We lease approximately 55,600 square feet in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania under a lease that expires December 31, 2021. We sublease 19,965 square feet of that space under an agreement which commenced February 1, 2015 and continues through the expiry date of our lease. Internationally, we lease approximately 6,300 square feet in Belgrade, Serbia under a lease that expires December 31, 2021. We lease approximately 6,900 square feet in Stockholm, Sweden under a lease that expires May 31, 2019. We lease approximately 3,200 square feet in Braga, Portugal under a lease that expires July 31, 2018.

We lease an additional 19,100 square feet in Aliso Viejo, California under a lease that expires January 31, 2022. In August 2014, we signed an addendum to sublease all of this space commencing on September 15, 2014 for a three-year period, with two renewal options. In October 2017, the sublease agreement was renewed through January 2022. The remaining lease expense, net of sublease income, has been accrued for in our 2013 restructuring liability account.

We lease approximately 15,300 square feet in Watsonville, California under a lease that expires September 30, 2018.  In March 2014, we signed an addendum to sublease all of this space commencing on May 1, 2014.  We continued to pay our current monthly rent through June 30, 2014.  Beginning on July 1, 2014, we are paying the landlord a minimum amount of rent, with annual escalations, through the end of the lease.  This lease expense has been accrued for in our 2013 restructuring liability account.  We now occupy a very small facility in Santa Cruz, California and are paying month-to-month rent.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2017, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may materially differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. On an on-going basis, we review our estimates to ensure that they appropriately reflect changes in our business or new information as it becomes available.

We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:

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Business Combinations

The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC Topic No. 805, Business Combinations, in the accounting for its acquisitions, which requires recognition of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values, separately from goodwill. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as contingent consideration, where applicable, its estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period that exists up to twelve months from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the tangible and specifically identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill in the reporting period in which the adjusted amounts are determined. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, the impact of any subsequent adjustments is included in the consolidated statements of operations. 

Costs to exit or restructure certain activities of an acquired company or the Company’s internal operations are accounted for as a one-time termination and exit cost pursuant to FASB ASC Topic No. 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, and are accounted for separately from the business combination. A liability for costs associated with an exit or disposal activity is recognized and measured at its fair value in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations in the period in which the liability is incurred.

Uncertain income tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances that are acquired in connection with a business combination are initially estimated as of the acquisition date. The Company reevaluates these items quarterly based upon facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, with any adjustments to the preliminary estimates being recorded to goodwill if such adjustments occur within the 12-month measurement period. Subsequent to the end of the measurement period or the Company’s final determination of the value of the tax allowance or contingency, whichever comes first, changes to these uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances will affect the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations, and could have a material impact on results of operations and financial position.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company measures and discloses fair value measurements as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.

Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received upon the sale of an asset or the amount that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the FASB establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

As required by FASB ASC Topic No. 820, we measure our cash equivalents and short-term investments at fair value. Our cash equivalents and short-term investments are classified within Level 1 by using quoted market prices utilizing market observable inputs. 

As required by FASB ASC Topic No. 825, Financial Instruments, an entity can choose to measure at fair value many financial instruments and certain other items that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value for designated items are required to be reported in earnings in the current period.

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This Topic also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements for similar types of assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

As required by FASB ASC Topic No. 350, for goodwill and other intangibles impairment analysis, we utilize fair value measurements which are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Impairment or Disposal of Long Lived Assets

Long-lived assets to be held are reviewed for events or changes in circumstances which indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable.  They are tested for recoverability using undiscounted cash flows to determine whether or not impairment to such value has occurred as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment.

Goodwill

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic No. 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, we review the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill at least annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment. The Company’s annual impairment testing date is December 31. Recoverability of goodwill is determined by comparing the fair value of the Company’s reporting units to the carrying value of the underlying net assets in the reporting units. If the fair value of a reporting unit is determined to be less than the carrying value of its net assets, goodwill is deemed impaired and an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the difference between the fair value of the reporting unit and the fair value of its other assets and liabilities.

Intangible Assets and Amortization

Amortization expense related to other intangibles acquired in acquisitions is calculated on a straight line basis over two to six years. Intangible assets are tested for impairment if events or circumstances occur indicating that the respective asset might be impaired.

Going Concern Evaluation

In connection with preparing its consolidated financial statements, management evaluates whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date that the financial statements are issued. See management’s going concern evaluation for the year ended December 31, 2017 in the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section above.

Revenue Recognition

We currently report our net revenues under two operating groups: Wireless and Graphics. Within each of these groups, software revenue is recognized based on the customer and contract type. We recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed and determinable, and collectability is probable as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 605-985, Revenue Recognition-Software.  We recognize revenues from sales of our software to our customers or end users as completed products are shipped and title passes or from royalties generated as authorized customers duplicate our software, if the other requirements are met. If the requirements are not met at the date of shipment, revenue is not recognized until these elements are known or resolved. For Wireless sales, returns from customers are limited to defective goods or goods shipped in error. Historically, customer returns have not exceeded the very nominal estimates and reserves. We also provide some technical support to our customers. Such costs have historically been insignificant.

We have a limited number of multiple element agreements for which we have contracted to provide a perpetual license for use of proprietary software, to provide non-recurring engineering, and in some cases, to provide software maintenance (post contract support). For these software and software-related multiple element arrangements, we must: (1) determine whether and when each element has been delivered; (2) determine whether undelivered products or services are essential to the functionality of the delivered products and services; (3) determine the fair value of each undelivered element using vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”); and (4) allocate the total price among

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the various elements. VSOE of fair value is used to allocate a portion of the price to the undelivered elements and the residual method is used to allocate the remaining portion to the delivered elements. Absent VSOE, revenue is deferred until the earlier of the point at which VSOE of fair value exists for any undelivered element or until all elements of the arrangement have been delivered. However, if the only undelivered element is post contract support, the entire arrangement fee is recognized ratably over the performance period. We determine VSOE for each element based on historical stand-alone sales to third parties or from the stated renewal rate for the elements contained in the initial arrangement. In determining VSOE, we require that a substantial majority of the selling prices for a product or service fall within a reasonably narrow pricing range.  We have established VSOE for our post contract support services and non-recurring engineering.

On occasion, we enter into fixed fee arrangements, typically for trial purposes, in which customer payments are tied to the achievement of specific milestones. Revenue for these contracts is recognized based on customer acceptance of certain milestones as they are achieved.  We also enter hosting arrangements that sometimes include up-front, non-refundable set-up fees.  Revenue is recognized for these fees over the term of the agreement.

For Graphics sales, management reviews available retail channel information and makes a determination of a return provision for sales made to distributors and retailers based on current channel inventory levels and historical return patterns. Certain sales to distributors or retailers are made on a consignment basis.  Revenue for consignment sales are not recognized until sell through to the final customer is established. Certain revenues are booked net of revenue sharing payments. Sales directly to end users are recognized upon shipment. End users have a thirty-day right of return, but such returns are reasonably estimable and have historically been immaterial. We also provide technical support to our customers. Such costs have historically been insignificant.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for all stock-based payment awards made to employees and directors based on their fair values and recognizes such awards as compensation expense over the vesting period using the straight-line method over the requisite service period for each award as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40).  The Update provides U.S. GAAP guidance on management’s responsibility in evaluating whether there is substantial doubt about a company’s ability to continue as a going concern and about related footnote disclosures. For each reporting period, management will be required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about a company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date the financial statements are issued.  The amendments in this Update are effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. The Company has adopted this standard and it had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements other than additional required disclosure.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which removes the requirement to compare the implied fair value of goodwill with its carrying amount as part of step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. As a result, under the ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The ASU is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2019, with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2017-04 during 2017 for its annual goodwill impairment test. There was no impact of adoption of ASU 2017-04 on the consolidated financial statements.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260) Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), which changes the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. When determining whether certain financial instruments should be classified as liabilities or equity instruments, a down round feature no longer precludes equity classification when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock. ASU

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2017-11 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2017-11 during 2017 by applying ASU 2017-11 retrospectively to outstanding financial instruments with a round down feature for each prior reporting period presented, as well as a cumulative-effect adjustment to the Company’s beginning accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2017.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).  The amendments to this Update supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of this Topic is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services. This Topic defines a five-step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, it is possible more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than required under existing U.S. GAAP including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (including interim reporting periods within those periods). Early adoption is permitted to the original effective date of December 15, 2016 (including interim reporting periods within those periods). The amendments may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of initial application. The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing all lease transactions (with terms in excess of 12 months) on the balance sheet as a lease liability and a right-of-use asset (as defined). The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier application permitted.  Upon adoption, the lessee will apply the new standard retrospectively to all periods presented or retrospectively using a cumulative effect adjustment in the year of adoption.  The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Our consolidated financial statements appear in a separate section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K beginning on page F-1.

Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We conducted an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”)) as of December 31, 2017. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer determined that as of December 31, 2017, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and our management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

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Management’s Responsibility for Financial Statements

Our management is responsible for the integrity and objectivity of all information presented in this Report. The consolidated financial statements were prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and include amounts based on management’s best estimates and judgments. Management believes the consolidated financial statements fairly reflect the form and substance of transactions and that the consolidated financial statements fairly represent the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the periods and as of the dates stated therein.

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, which is composed solely of independent directors, meets regularly with our independent registered public accounting firm, SingerLewak LLP, and representatives of management to review accounting, financial reporting, internal control, and audit matters, as well as the nature and extent of the audit effort. The Audit Committee is responsible for the engagement of the independent auditors. The independent auditors have free access to the Audit Committee.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act).

Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. Management based this assessment on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in “Internal Control-Integrated Framework 2013” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

Based on this assessment, management determined that, as of December 31, 2017, we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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PART III

Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by this Item is set forth under the headings “Proposal 1: Election of Directors,” “Executive Officers,” “Corporate Governance,” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Compliance” in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (“2018 Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated herein by reference.  

Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item is set forth under the headings “Executive Compensation” and “Compensation of Directors” in the Company’s 2018 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

A portion of the information required by this Item is set forth under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the Company’s 2018 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.  

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under An Equity Compensation Plan

The following table summarizes information, as of December 31, 2017 for the equity compensation plans of the Company pursuant to which grants of options, restricted stock, restricted stock units or other rights to acquire shares may be granted from time to time (in thousands, except option price data):

 

 

Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item is set forth under the heading “Proposal 1: Election of Directors” and under the subheadings “Board Member Independence,” “Audit Committee,” “Compensation Committee,” “Governance and Nominating Committee,” and “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” under the heading “Corporate Governance” in the Company’s 2018 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item is set forth under the heading “Proposal 3: Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Company’s 2018 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

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PART IV

Item 15. EXHIBITS

(a) (1) Financial Statements

Smith Micro’s financial statements appear in a separate section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K beginning on the pages referenced below:

 

 

 

(3) Exhibits

 

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40

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(P) Paper Filing Exhibit

 

*denotes the management contracts and compensatory arrangements in which any director or named executive officer participates

The exhibits filed as part of this report are listed above in Item 15(a) (3) of this Form 10-K.

Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

 

None.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

 

 

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

 

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

Smith Micro Software, Inc.

 

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Smith Micro Software, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

 

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

SingerLewak LLP

 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2004.

 

Los Angeles, California

March 30, 2018

F-1

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SMITH MICRO SOFTWARE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and par value data)

 

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-2

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SMITH MICRO SOFTWARE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands, except per share amount)

 

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-3

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SMITH MICRO SOFTWARE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands)

 

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-4

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SMITH MICRO SOFTWARE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

 

 

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-5

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SMITH MICRO SOFTWARE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Organization, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company

Smith Micro develops software to simplify and enhance the mobile experience, providing solutions to leading wireless service providers, device manufacturers, and wireless users around the world. From optimizing wireless networks to uncovering customer experience insights, and from providing visual access to wireless voicemail to ensuring family safety, our solutions enrich connected lifestyles while creating new opportunities to engage consumers via smartphones. We also provide a services platform for the Internet of Things (“IoT”) that enables comprehensive device management and firmware over-the-air (“FOTA”) updates for various types of connected devices. In addition, Smith Micro’s portfolio includes a wide range of products for creating, sharing, and monetizing rich content, such as visual messaging and 2D/3D graphics applications. With this as a focus, it is Smith Micro’s mission to help our customers thrive in a connected world.

For more than three decades, Smith Micro has developed deep expertise in embedded software for mobile devices, policy-based management platforms, and highly-scalable client and server applications. Tier 1 mobile network operators, cable providers, OEMs/device manufacturers, and enterprise businesses across a wide range of industries use our software to capitalize on the growth of connected consumers, mobile apps, vehicle telematics, and smart cities.

In general, we help our customers:

We continue to innovate and evolve our business to take advantage of industry trends and opportunities in emerging markets, such as digital lifestyle services and online safety, “Big Data” analytics, automotive telematics, and the industrial IoT. The key to our longevity, however, is not simply technological innovation, but a never-ending focus on customer value.

F-6

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Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the operating results and financial position of Smith Micro and its wholly owned subsidiaries in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). All intercompany amounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

Foreign Currency Transactions

The Company has international operations resulting from current and prior year acquisitions. The countries in which the Company has a subsidiary or branch office in are Serbia, Sweden, Portugal, the United Kingdom and Canada. The functional currency for all of these foreign entities is the U.S. dollar in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic No. 830-30, Foreign Currency Matters-Translation of Financial Statements. Foreign currency transactions that increase or decrease expected functional currency cash flows is a foreign currency transaction gain or loss that are included in determining net income for the period in which the exchange rate changes. Likewise, a transaction gain or loss (measured from the transaction date or the most recent intervening balance sheet date, whichever is later) realized upon settlement of a foreign currency transaction is included in determining net income for the period in which the transaction is settled.

Business Combinations

The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC Topic No. 805, Business Combinations, in the accounting for its acquisitions, which requires recognition of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values, separately from goodwill. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as contingent consideration, where applicable, its estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period that exists up to twelve months from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the tangible and specifically identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill in the reporting period in which the adjusted amounts are determined. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, the impact of any subsequent adjustments is included in the consolidated statements of operations. 

Costs to exit or restructure certain activities of an acquired company or the Company’s internal operations are accounted for as a one-time termination and exit cost pursuant to FASB ASC Topic No. 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations, and are accounted for separately from the business combination. A liability for costs associated with an exit or disposal activity is recognized and measured at its fair value in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations in the period in which the liability is incurred.

Uncertain income tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances that are acquired in connection with a business combination are initially estimated as of the acquisition date. The Company reevaluates these items quarterly based upon facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, with any adjustments to the preliminary estimates being recorded to goodwill if such adjustments occur within the 12-month measurement period. Subsequent to the end of the measurement period or the Company’s final determination of the value of the tax allowance or contingency, whichever comes first, changes to these uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances will affect the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations, and could have a material impact on results of operations and financial position.

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Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company measures and discloses fair value measurements as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.

Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received upon the sale of an asset or the amount that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the FASB establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

As required by FASB ASC Topic No. 820, we measure our cash equivalents and short-term investments at fair value. Our cash equivalents and short-term investments are classified within Level 1 by using quoted market prices utilizing market observable inputs. 

As required by FASB ASC Topic No. 825, Financial Instruments, an entity can choose to measure at fair value many financial instruments and certain other items that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value for designated items are required to be reported in earnings in the current period. This Topic also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements for similar types of assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

As required by FASB ASC Topic No. 350, for goodwill and other intangibles impairment analysis, we utilize fair value measurements which are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying value and the aggregate fair value of the Company’s short and long-term debt were as follows (in thousands):

 

 

The carrying value of $3.8 million is net of debt discount of $0.4 million and debt issuance costs of $0.1 million as of December 31, 2017. The carrying value of $2.6 million is net of debt discount of $1.2 million and debt issuance costs of $0.2 million as of December 31, 2016.

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Significant Concentrations

For the year ended December 31, 2017, two customers, each accounting for over 10% of revenues, made up 75% of revenues and 72% of accounts receivable, and one service provider with more than 10% of purchases totaled 11% of accounts payable. For the year ended December 31, 2016, two customers, each accounting for over 10% of revenues, made up 77% of revenues and 80% of accounts receivable, and one service provider with more than 10% of purchases totaled 24% of accounts payable.  For the year ended December 31, 2015, two customers, each accounting for over 10% of revenues, made up 76% of revenues and 83% of accounts receivable, and one service provider with more than 10% of purchases totaled 13% of accounts payable.  

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents generally consist of cash, government securities, mutual funds, and money market funds. These securities are primarily held in two financial institutions and are uninsured except for the minimum Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation coverage, and have original maturity dates of three months or less.  As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, bank balances totaling approximately $2.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively, were uninsured.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We sell our products worldwide. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based upon payment history, the customer’s current credit worthiness and various other factors, as determined by our review of their current credit information. We continuously monitor collections and payments from our customers. We estimate credit losses and maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts reserve based upon these estimates. While such credit losses have historically been within our estimated reserves, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to experience the same credit loss rates that we have in the past. If not, this could have an adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements. Allowances for product returns are included in other adjustments to accounts receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Product returns are estimated based on historical experience and have also been within management’s estimates.

Equipment and Improvements

Equipment and improvements are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally ranging from three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term.

Internal Software Development Costs

Development costs incurred in the research and development of new software products and enhancements to existing software products are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established. The Company considers technological feasibility to be established when all planning, designing, coding, and testing has been completed according to design specifications. After technological feasibility is established, any additional costs are capitalized. Through December 31, 2017, software has been substantially completed concurrently with the establishment of technological feasibility; accordingly, no costs have been capitalized to date.

Impairment or Disposal of Long Lived Assets

Long-lived assets to be held are reviewed for events or changes in circumstances which indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable.  They are tested for recoverability using undiscounted cash flows to determine whether or not impairment to such value has occurred as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment. The Company determined there was an impairment of its Customer Relationships intangible asset in the amount of $0.4 million as of December 31, 2016. 

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Goodwill

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic No. 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, we review the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill at least annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment. The Company’s annual impairment testing date is December 31. Recoverability of goodwill is determined by comparing the fair value of the Company’s reporting units to the carrying value of the underlying net assets in the reporting units. If the fair value of a reporting unit is determined to be less than the carrying value of its net assets, goodwill is deemed impaired and an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the difference between the fair value of the reporting unit and the fair value of its other assets and liabilities.

Intangible Assets and Amortization

Amortization expense related to other intangibles acquired in acquisitions is calculated on a straight line basis over two to six years. Intangible assets are tested for impairment if events or circumstances occur indicating that the respective asset might be impaired.

Derivatives

The Company analyzes all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under FASB ASC Topic No. 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity and FASB ASC Topic No. 815, Derivatives and Hedging.  Derivative liabilities are adjusted to reflect fair value at each period end, with any increase or decrease in the fair value being recorded in results of operations as adjustments to fair value of derivatives. The effects of interactions between embedded derivatives are calculated and accounted for in arriving at the overall fair value of the financial instruments.

Going Concern Evaluation

In connection with preparing consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, management evaluated whether there were conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date that the financial statements are issued.

The Company considered the following:

Ordinarily, conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern relate to the entity’s ability to meet its obligations as they become due.

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The Company evaluated its ability to meet its obligations as they become due within one year from the date that the financial statements are issued by considering the following:

In addition to the recent capital raised on March 5, 2018, management also believes that the Company will generate enough cash from operations to satisfy its obligations for the next twelve months from the issuance date.

The Company will take the following actions if it starts to trend unfavorably to its internal profitability and cash flow projections, in order to mitigate conditions or events that would raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern:

Revenue Recognition

We currently report our net revenues under two operating groups: Wireless and Graphics. Within each of these groups, software revenue is recognized based on the customer and contract type. We recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed and determinable, and collectability is probable as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 605-985, Revenue Recognition-Software.  We recognize revenues from sales of our software to our customers or end users as completed products are shipped and title passes or from royalties generated as authorized customers duplicate our software, if the other requirements are met. If the requirements are not met at the date of shipment, revenue is not recognized until these elements are known or resolved. For Wireless sales, returns from customers are limited to defective goods or goods shipped in error. Historically, customer returns have not exceeded the very nominal estimates and reserves. We also provide some technical support to our customers. Such costs have historically been insignificant.

We have a limited number of multiple element agreements for which we have contracted to provide a perpetual license for use of proprietary software, to provide non-recurring engineering, and in some cases, to provide software maintenance (post contract support). For these software and software-related multiple element arrangements, we must: (1) determine whether and when each element has been delivered; (2) determine whether undelivered products or services are essential to the functionality of the delivered products and services; (3) determine the fair value of each undelivered element using vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”); and (4) allocate the total price among the various elements. VSOE of fair value is used to

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allocate a portion of the price to the undelivered elements and the residual method is used to allocate the remaining portion to the delivered elements. Absent VSOE, revenue is deferred until the earlier of the point at which VSOE of fair value exists for any undelivered element or until all elements of the arrangement have been delivered. However, if the only undelivered element is post contract support, the entire arrangement fee is recognized ratably over the performance period. We determine VSOE for each element based on historical stand-alone sales to third parties or from the stated renewal rate for the elements contained in the initial arrangement. In determining VSOE, we require that a substantial majority of the selling prices for a product or service fall within a reasonably narrow pricing range.  We have established VSOE for our post contract support services and non-recurring engineering.

On occasion, we enter into fixed fee arrangements, typically for trial purposes, in which customer payments are tied to the achievement of specific milestones. Revenue for these contracts is recognized based on customer acceptance of certain milestones as they are achieved. We also enter hosting arrangements that sometimes include up-front, non-refundable set-up fees.  Revenue is recognized for these fees over the term of the agreement.

For Graphics sales, management reviews available retail channel information and makes a determination of a return provision for sales made to distributors and retailers based on current channel inventory levels and historical return patterns. Certain sales to distributors or retailers are made on a consignment basis. Revenue for consignment sales are not recognized until sell through to the final customer is established. Certain revenues are booked net of revenue sharing payments. Sales directly to end users are recognized upon shipment. End users have a thirty-day right of return, but such returns are reasonably estimable and have historically been immaterial. We also provide technical support to our customers. Such costs have historically been insignificant.

Sales Incentives

For our Graphics sales, the cost of sales incentives the Company offers without charge to customers that can be used in, or that are exercisable by a customer as a result of, a single exchange transaction is accounted for as a reduction of revenue as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 605-50, Revenue Recognition-Customer Payments and Incentives.  We use historical redemption rates to estimate the cost of customer incentives.  Total sales incentives were $0.3 million, $0.3 million, and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for all stock-based payment awards made to employees and directors based on their fair values and recognizes such awards as compensation expense over the vesting period using the straight-line method over the requisite service period for each award as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40).  The Update provides U.S. GAAP guidance on management’s responsibility in evaluating whether there is substantial doubt about a company’s ability to continue as a going concern and about related footnote disclosures. For each reporting period, management will be required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about a company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date the financial statements are issued.  The amendments in this Update are effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. The Company has adopted this standard and it had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements other than additional required disclosure.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which removes the requirement to compare the implied fair value of goodwill with its carrying amount as part of step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. As a result, under the ASU, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a

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reporting unit with its carrying amount and should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The ASU is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2019, with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2017-04 during 2017 for its annual goodwill impairment test. There was no impact of adoption of ASU 2017-04 on the consolidated financial statements.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260) Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), which changes the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. When determining whether certain financial instruments should be classified as liabilities or equity instruments, a down round feature no longer precludes equity classification when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock. ASU 2017-11 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2017-11 during 2017 by applying ASU 2017-11 retrospectively to outstanding financial instruments with a round down feature for each prior reporting period presented, as well as a cumulative-effect adjustment to the Company’s beginning accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2017.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).  The amendments to this Update supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of this Topic is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services. This Topic defines a five-step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, it is possible more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than required under existing U.S. GAAP including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (including interim reporting periods within those periods). Early adoption is permitted to the original effective date of December 15, 2016 (including interim reporting periods within those periods). The amendments may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of initial application. The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing all lease transactions (with terms in excess of 12 months) on the balance sheet as a lease liability and a right-of-use asset (as defined). The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with earlier application permitted.  Upon adoption, the lessee will apply the new standard retrospectively to all periods presented or retrospectively using a cumulative effect adjustment in the year of adoption.  The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

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2. Acquisitions

The Company did not engage in any acquisitions during 2017.

The following table summarizes the consideration paid for acquisitions in 2016 (in thousands):

 

Birdstep Technology AB

On April 7, 2016, pursuant to the Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 8, 2016, by and between the Company and Birdstep Technology ASA (“Birdstep”), the Company completed its acquisition of 100% of the outstanding capital stock of Birdstep’s wholly owned Swedish subsidiary, Birdstep Technology AB. Pursuant to the terms of the Share Purchase Agreement, the Company paid a net purchase price of $2.0 million in cash to Birdstep at the closing. As a result of the acquisition, Birdstep Technology AB became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Acquisition-related costs of $0.2 million were recorded as expense in the fiscal year 2016 in the general and administrative section of the consolidated statement of operations.

The Company’s allocation of the purchase price is summarized as follows (in thousands):

 

 

The results of operations of Birdstep Technology AB have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.  The pro-forma effect of the acquisition on historical periods is not material and therefore is not included.

 

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The purpose of the Birdstep acquisition was to re-enter the Asia-Pacific and European wireless markets, and to acquire engineering talent that was already in place and developing essentially the same NetWise-type products that we were.

iMobileMagic – Mobile Experiences, LDA

On July 19, 2016, the Company and iMobileMagic – Mobile Experiences, LDA (“iMM”), a Portuguese limited liability company, entered into a Share Purchase Agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to acquire 100% of the outstanding share capital of iMM.  Under the terms of the Share Purchase Agreement, the aggregate purchase price of approximately $2.3 million consisted of the following consideration: (i) approximately $0.6 million in cash; (ii) approximately $0.6 million in value of Buyer’s common stock; and (iii) approximately $1.1 million in value of Buyer’s common stock to be held in escrow pursuant to an Escrow Agreement. As a result of the acquisition, iMM has become a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.  Approximately 16 employees continued as employees of iMM following the Closing.  Acquisition-related costs of $0.2 million were recorded as expense in fiscal year 2016 in the general and administrative section of the consolidated statement of operations.

 

The Company’s allocation of the purchase price is summarized as follows (in thousands):

 

 

The results of operations of iMobileMagic have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.  The pro-forma effect of the acquisition on historical periods is not material and therefore is not included.

 

The purpose of the iMobileMagic acquisition was to enter into the fast growing international family services, location-tracking market.

 

3. Equipment and Improvements

Equipment and improvements consist of the following (in thousands):

 

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Depreciation and amortization expense on equipment and improvements was $0.7 million, $1.2 million, and $1.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 respectively.

 

4. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following table sets forth our acquired intangible assets by major asset class as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands except for useful life data):

 

 

Intangible assets amortization expense was $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Future amortization expense related to intangible assets as of December 31, 2017 are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Valuation of Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company accounts for goodwill and intangible assets as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other.  This statement requires us to periodically assess the impairment of our goodwill and intangible assets, which requires us to make assumptions and judgments regarding the carrying value of these assets. These assets are considered to be impaired if we determine that their carrying value may not be recoverable based upon our assessment of the following events or changes in circumstances:

If the intangible assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment we recognize is the amount by which the carrying value of the intangible assets exceeds the fair value of the intangible assets. In addition, we base the useful lives and the related amortization expense on our estimate of the useful life of the intangible assets. Due to the numerous variables associated with our judgments and assumptions relating to the carrying value of our

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intangible assets and the effects of changes in circumstances affecting these valuations, both the precision and reliability of the resulting estimates are subject to uncertainty, and as additional information becomes known, we may change our estimate, in which case, the likelihood of a material change in our reported results would increase.  The Company recognized an impairment loss of $0.4 million in the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2016 related to an intangible asset acquired from our Birdstep acquisition.

We review the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill at least annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate a potential impairment. Our annual impairment testing date is December 31. Recoverability of goodwill is determined by comparing the estimated fair value of our reporting units to the carrying value of the underlying net assets in the reporting units. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is determined to be less than the fair value of its net assets, goodwill is deemed impaired and an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the difference between the estimated fair value of the reporting unit and the fair value of its other assets and liabilities. We determined that we did not have any impairment of goodwill at December 31, 2017.

5. Debt

Short-term Debt

On February 7, 2017, the Company entered into a short-term secured borrowing arrangement with William W. and Dieva L. Smith (“Smith”) and on February 8, 2017 entered into a short-term secured borrowing arrangement with Steven L. and Monique P. Elfman (“Elfman”) pursuant to which Smith and Elfman each loaned to the Company $1.0 million and the Company issued to each of them a Secured Promissory Note (the “Original Notes”) bearing interest at the rate of 18% per annum.  The Original Notes were due on March 24, 2017 and were secured by the Company’s accounts receivable and certain other assets.  William W. Smith, Jr. is the Company’s Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Steven L. Elfman is a director of the Company.  

On March 25, 2017, the Company entered into an Amendment to the Original Note issued to Smith that extended the Maturity Date of the Note to June 26, 2017.  

On March 31, 2017, the Company entered into a new short-term secured borrowing arrangement with Elfman for $1.0 million which matured on June 23, 2017.  

On June 30, 2017, the Company entered into a new short-term secured borrowing arrangement with each of Smith and Elfman to refinance the prior arrangement with each of them, which matured on June 26, 2017 and June 23, 2017, respectively. Under the new borrowing arrangements, the Company issued to each of Smith and Elfman a new Secured Promissory Note (“Replacement Notes”) with a principal balance of $1.0 million, bearing interest at the rate of 12% per annum, and maturing on September 25, 2017. The maturity date of the Replacement Note entered into with Smith may be extended by up to 180 days upon the mutual consent of the Company and Smith.  Each of the Replacement Notes are secured by the Company’s accounts receivable and certain other assets.

On August 22, 2017, the Company entered into Amendments to the Replacement Notes issued to each of Smith and Elfman, which extended the Maturity Date of the Replacement Notes from September 25, 2017 to January 25, 2018. The amendments did not change any other terms of the Replacement Notes.

On August 23, 2017, the Company entered into a borrowing arrangement with Smith, under which the Company borrowed $0.8 million and issued to Smith a Secured Promissory Note, bearing interest at the rate of 12% per annum, and maturing on January 25, 2018.

On August 24, 2017, the Company entered into a new borrowing arrangement with Andrew Arno (“Arno”), under which the Company borrowed $0.3 million and issued to Arno new Secured Promissory Notes with an aggregate principal balance of $0.3 million, bearing interest at the rate of 12% per annum, and maturing on January 31, 2018. Andrew Arno is a director of the Company.    

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On September 29, 2017, the Company exchanged shares of the Company’s newly designated Series B 10% Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred Stock”) for outstanding short-term indebtedness with a principal amount of $0.8 million owed to Smith and $0.1 million to Arno for 750 and 50 shares, respectively. See Note 6, Equity Transactions, for further details on the Series B Preferred Stock Offering.

The Company reviewed FASB ASC Topic No. 470-50, Debt Extinguishment, to evaluate the debt extinguishment gain incurred from the debt to equity transaction. Upon completion of the evaluation, it was determined that the gain associated with the short-term related party loan extinguishment to Preferred Stock should be accounted for as a capital contribution and was recorded to Stockholder’s Equity. The principal balance of the note and resulting fair value of the equity interest exchanged was $0.8 million. The fair value was reduced by allocated legal fees and other direct issuance costs of $0.1 million, resulting in a net fair value of $0.8 million. The capital contribution related to the gain was the difference between these two amounts, or $0.1 million.

The Company evaluated the refinancing of the short-term debt instruments under FASB ASU Topic No. 470-60, Troubled Debt Restructurings, to determine whether the modification of the debt instruments would be considered a troubled debt restructuring, using the two-step decision tree. The two steps included an assessment of whether the company is experiencing financial difficulties and if the creditors have provided concessions. Upon completion of this review, the Company concluded that the refinancing did not qualify as a troubled debt restructuring.  

Long-term Debt

On September 2, 2016, we entered into a Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement with Unterberg Koller Capital Fund L.P. and William W. and Dieva L. Smith (collectively, the “Investors”), pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to the Investors in a private placement senior subordinated promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $4.0 million (the “Notes”). The Company completed the transactions contemplated by the Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement and issued the Notes on September 6, 2016.  The Notes mature three years following the issuance date, or September 6, 2019, and bear interest at the rate of 10% of the outstanding principal balance of the Notes, payable quarterly in cash or shares of the Company’s common stock.  The Notes are subordinate and junior in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all claims, whether now existing or arising in the future, of holders of senior debt of the Company, as described in the Notes.

On September 29, 2017, the Company exchanged shares of the Company’s newly designated Series B 10% Convertible Preferred Stock for outstanding long-term indebtedness with a principal amount of $2.0 million owed to Smith for 2,000 of the Series B Preferred Stock. See Note 6, Equity Transactions, for further details on the Series B Preferred Stock Offering.

The Company reviewed FASB ASC Topic No. 470-50, Debt Extinguishment, to evaluate the debt extinguishment loss incurred from the transaction. Upon completion of the evaluation, it was determined that the loss associated with the long-term related party loan extinguishment to Preferred Stock should be accounted through the Statement of Operations.  The principal balance of the note and resulting fair value of the equity interest transferred was $2.0 million. The fair value was reduced by legal fees and other direct issuance costs of $0.1 million. The net carrying amount of the long-term note was $1.5 million, which was net of debt issuance costs of $0.1 million and discount of $0.4 million. The extinguishment loss associated with this note was the difference between the net fair value of the equity interest transferred and the net carrying amount of the note being extinguished, which was $0.4 million.

The Company evaluated the conversion of the long-term debt under FASB ASU Topic No. 470-60, Troubled Debt Restructurings, for determining whether the modification of the debt instruments would be considered a troubled debt restructuring, using the two-step decision tree. The two steps included an assessment of whether the company is experiencing financial difficulties and if the creditors have provided concessions. Upon completion of this review, the Company concluded that the refinancing did not qualify as troubled debt restructuring. 

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See also Note 15 for debt transactions that occurred subsequent to December 31, 2017.

 

6.  Equity Transactions

Preferred Stock Offering

On September 29, 2017, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with several investors for the issuance and sale (the “Offering”) of 5,500 shares of the Company’s newly designated Series B 10% Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”) at a stated value of $1,000 per share, for a total purchase price of $5.5 million.  The Series B Preferred Stock is convertible into the Company’s Common Stock at a conversion price of $1.14 per share, which was the closing bid price of the Common Stock on September 28, 2017, or 4,824,562 shares of Common Stock in the aggregate. The holders of Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative dividends out of funds legally available thereof at a rate of ten percent (10%) per annum, payable (i) when and as declared by the Board of Directors, in quarterly installments on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1, (ii) upon conversion into Common Stock with respect the Series B Preferred Stock being converted, and (iii) upon redemption of the Series B Preferred Stock by the Company.

In the event that the trading price of the Company’s Common Stock for 20 consecutive trading days (as determined in the Certificate of Designation) exceeds 400% of the then effective Conversion Price of the Series B Preferred Stock (initially set at $1.14), the Company may force conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock or elect to redeem the Series B Preferred Stock for cash. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain triggering events, each holder of Series B Preferred Stock will have the right to require the Company to redeem such holder’s shares for cash equal to the stated value plus accrued and unpaid dividends and liquidated damages, costs, expenses and other amounts due in respect of the Series B Preferred Stock, and with respect to certain other triggering events, each holder will have the right to increase the dividend rate on such holder’s Series B Preferred Stock to twelve percent (12%) while such triggering event is continuing.

In the Offering, the Company raised gross cash proceeds of $2.7 million, and exchanged outstanding indebtedness with a principal amount of $2.8 million owed to Smith (both long and short-term debt) and $0.1 million owed to Arno.  The Offering raised net cash proceeds of $2.5 million (after deducting the placement agent fee and expenses of the Offering). The Company intends to use the net cash proceeds from the Offering for working capital purposes.   In connection with the Offering, the Company granted customary registration rights to investors with respect to the resale of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock.

Common Stock Offering

On May 16, 2017, the Company entered into subscription agreements with four accredited investors in a private placement pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to such investors an aggregate of 85,000 shares of its unregistered common stock at a price per share of $1.10. 

On May 17, 2017, the Company completed a registered direct offering of 2,077,000 shares of its common stock, which realized gross proceeds of $2.3 million before deducting transaction fees and other expenses. Offering costs related to the transaction totaled $0.2 million, comprised of $0.1 million of transaction fees and $0.1 million of legal and other expenses, resulting in net proceeds of $2.1 million. The Company engaged Sutter Securities Incorporated (“Sutter”) and Chardan Capital Markets, LLC (“Chardan”) as co-placement agents in connection with the offering, and under the terms of the engagement paid the placement agents a cash placement fee and issued to the placement agents warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock equal to 5% of the number of shares sold through each of them, without duplication, at an exercise price per share equal to $1.21 (Sutter) and $1.155 (Chardan). The warrants have a term of five years and will be exercisable beginning on November 18, 2017.

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Warrants

On September 2, 2016, the Company entered into a Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement with the Investors, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to the Investors in a private placement senior subordinated promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount of $4.0 million and five-year warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $2.74 per share, which expires five years from the date of issuance. The Company completed the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement and issued the Notes and Warrants on September 6, 2016. The terms of the warrants provide that if the Company sells or issues shares of common stock with an exercise price less than $2.74 per share, the exercise price shall be adjusted accordingly to the terms set forth in the Agreement, as discussed in greater detail in the following paragraph. We assessed the warrants and concluded that they should be recorded as equity.

Since the issuance of the warrants to the Investors (the “Smith Warrant” and the “Unterberg Warrant”) on September 6, 2016, there have been five triggering events, causing the warrants to be repriced from the original exercise price of $2.74: Common Stock offerings in May 2017 for $1.10 and $1.05, the issuance of warrants to Sutter and Chardan with exercise prices of $1.21 and $1.155, respectively, all resulting in a charge of $3,000, and the Series B Preferred Stock issuance with a conversion price of $1.14 in September 2017, resulting in a charge of $41,000.  The triggering event charges were recorded to Stockholders’ Equity in the applicable period. Upon application of the triggering events above, the exercise price of the Unterberg Warrant was adjusted to $2.14 and the exercise price of the Smith Warrant was adjusted to $2.38, which is also the agreed upon floor for the Smith Warrants.

The Company issued warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock to the placement agents engaged in connection with a registered direct offering completed on May 17, 2017. See the prior section under the heading “Common Stock Offering” for additional details regarding the warrants issued to the placement agents in connection with that offering.

See also Note 15 for equity transactions that occurred subsequent to December 31, 2017.

 

7. Income Taxes

Income (loss) before provision for income taxes was generated from the following sources (in thousands):

 

 

A summary of the income tax expense (benefit) is as follows (in thousands):

 

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A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes to the amount of income tax expense (benefit) that would result from applying the federal statutory rate to the loss before income taxes is as follows:

 

 

The major components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

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The Company has federal and state net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $151.0 million and $147.8 million, respectively, at December 31, 2017, to reduce future cash payments for income taxes. These federal NOL carryforwards will expire from 2024 through 2037 and state NOL carryforwards will expire 2017 through 2037. The Company also had $0.5 million of Alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards with an indefinite life, available to offset regular federal income tax requirements.

The Company has federal and state tax credit carryforwards of approximately $2.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively, at December 31, 2017. These tax credits will begin to expire in 2027.

To the extent that an ownership change has occurred under Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383, the Company’s use of its loss carryforwards and credit carryforwards to offset future taxable income may be limited.

At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, of approximately $0.4 million.

The Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the changes in those balances are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

We account for income taxes as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 740, Income Taxes. This Topic clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Topic also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. The Topic requires an entity to recognize the financial statement impact of a tax position when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. In addition, the Topic permits an entity to recognize interest and penalties related to tax uncertainties either as income tax expense or operating expenses. The Company has chosen to recognize interest and penalties related to tax uncertainties as income tax expense.

The Company assesses whether a valuation allowance should be recorded against its deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence, using a “more likely than not” realization standard. The four sources of taxable income that must be considered in determining whether deferred tax assets will be realized are: (1) future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences (i.e., offset of gross deferred tax liabilities against gross deferred tax assets); (2) taxable income in prior carryback years, if carryback is permitted under the applicable tax law; (3) tax planning strategies; and (4) future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards.

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After a review of the four sources of taxable income as of December 31, 2017 (as described above), and after consideration of the Company’s continuing cumulative loss position as of December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a valuation allowance related to its U.S.-based deferred tax assets of $52.9 million at December 31, 2017.  During 2017, the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets decreased by $23.7 million, increased $1.7 million in 2016, and decreased $0.8 million in 2015.

We recognized interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.  During 2017 and 2016, we recognized $0 and of interest and penalties. The cumulative interest and penalties at December 31, 2017 and 2016 were $0.

Unrecognized tax benefits of $164.0 million were released in October of 2016, which impacted the effective tax rate due to the expiration of the statute of limitations. We do not anticipate any material changes to unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months that will affect the effective tax rate.

The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax, as well as to income tax of multiple state jurisdictions. Federal income tax returns of the Company are subject to IRS examination for the 2013 – 2016 tax years. State income tax returns are subject to examination for a period of three to four years after filing. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had no outstanding tax audits. The outcome of tax audits cannot be predicted with certainty. If any issues addressed in the Company’s tax audits are resolved in a manner not consistent with management’s expectations, the Company could be required to adjust its provision for income tax in the period such resolution occurs.

On December 22, 2017, the President signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“the 2017 Act”) into law. The 2017 Act will have pervasive financial reporting implications for all companies with U.S. operations. We reviewed and incorporated the new tax bill implications in the 2017 financial statements. The main change is the remeasurement of deferred taxes at the new corporate tax rate of 21%, which reduced the net deferred tax assets, before valuation allowance, by $26.9 million. Due to full valuation allowance, the change in deferred taxes was fully offset by the change in valuation allowance. The 2017 Act has no significant impact on the 2017 financial statements.

For financial reporting purposes, income (loss) before provision for income taxes for our foreign subsidiaries was $(0.1) million, $(0.4) million, and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. At December 31, 2017, unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries were approximately $0.3 million and have been included in our computation of the transition tax associated with the enactment of the Act discussed above. We do not provide for U.S. taxes on our unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries that have not been previously taxed since we intend to invest such undistributed earnings indefinitely outside of the U.S.

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8. Net Loss Per Share

The Company calculates earnings per share (“EPS”) as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 260, Earnings Per Share.  Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, excluding common stock equivalents. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing the net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, plus the weighted average number of dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock method. For purposes of this calculation, common stock subject to repurchase by the Company and options are considered to be common stock equivalents, and are only included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share when their effect is dilutive.

 

 

9. Employee Benefit Plans

The Company offers its employees participation in a 401(k) plan, in which the Company matches the employee contributions at a rate of 20%, subject to a vesting schedule. Total employer contributions amounted to $0.2 million in each of the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015.

10. Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Plans

On June 18, 2015, our Shareholders approved the 2015 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (“2015 OEIP”).  The 2015 OEIP, which became effective the same date, replaced the 2005 Stock Option / Stock Issuance Plan (“2005 Plan”) which was due to expire on July 28, 2015. All outstanding options under the 2005 Plan remain outstanding, but no new grants will be made under the 2005 Plan. The maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance over the term of the 2015 OEIP may not exceed 2,125,000 shares.

The 2015 Plan provides for the issuance of full value awards (restricted stock, performance stock, dividend equivalent right or restricted stock units) and partial value awards (stock options or stock appreciation rights) to employees, non-employee members of the board and consultants. Any full value award settled in shares will be debited as 1.2 shares, and partial value awards settled in shares will be debited as 1.0 shares against the share reserve.  The exercise price per share for stock option grants is not to be less than the fair market value per share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The Board of Directors has the discretion to determine the vesting schedule. Stock options may be exercisable immediately or in installments, but generally vest over a four-year period from the date of grant. In the event the holder ceases to be employed by the Company, all unvested stock options terminate and all vested stock options may be exercised within a period of 90 days following termination. In general, stock options expire ten years from the date of grant.

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Restricted stock is valued using the closing stock price on the date of the grant. The total value is expensed over the vesting period of 12 to 48 months.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company has a shareholder approved employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”), under which substantially all employees may purchase the Company’s common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market values of the stock as of the beginning and end of six-month offering periods. An employee’s payroll deductions under the ESPP are limited to 10% of the employee’s compensation and employees may not purchase more than the lesser of $25,000 of stock, or 250 shares, for any purchase period. Additionally, no more than 250,000 shares may be purchased under the plan.

Stock Compensation Expense

The Company accounts for all stock-based payment awards made to employees and directors based on their fair values and recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period using the straight-line method over the requisite service period for each award as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation.

Valuation of Stock Option and Restricted Stock Awards

The assumptions used to compute the share-based compensation costs for the stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, were as follows:

 

 

There were no stock options granted during 2017.

 

The risk-free interest rate assumption was based on the United States Treasury’s rates for U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with maturities similar to those of the expected term of the award being valued. The Company assumed no dividend yield because it does not expect to pay dividends for the foreseeable future. The weighted average expected life is the vesting period for those options granted during that period. The average volatility is based on the actual historical volatility of our common stock. The forfeiture rate was based on modified employee turnover.

Grants of restricted stock are valued using the closing stock price on the date of grant. In the year ended December 31, 2016, a total of 75,000 shares of restricted stock, with a total value of $51,000, were granted to non-employee members of the Board of Directors. This cost will be amortized over a period of 12 months. In addition, 300,000 shares of restricted stock, with a total value of $0.9 million, were granted to key officers and employees of the Company. This cost will be amortized over a period of 48 months.

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Valuation of ESPP

The fair values are estimated at the beginning of each offering period using a Black-Scholes valuation model that uses the assumptions noted in the following table. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Expected volatility was based on the historical volatility on the day of grant. Following is a schedule of the shares purchased, the fair value per share, and the Black-Scholes model assumptions for each offering period:

 

 

Compensation Costs

Non-cash stock-based compensation expenses related to stock options, restricted stock grants and the ESPP were recorded in the financial statements as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Total share-based compensation for each year includes cash payment of income taxes related to grants of restricted stock in the amounts of $0.0, $0.0, and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

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Stock Options

A summary of the Company’s stock options outstanding under the 2015 OEIP and 2005 Plan as of December 31, 2017 and the activity during the years ended herein are as follows (in thousands except per share amounts):

 

 

During the year ended December 31, 2017, no options were granted or exercised. As of December 31, 2017, there was $1.8 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested stock options and restricted stock granted under the Plans.  At December 31, 2017, there were 1.7 million and 0 shares available for future grants under the 2015 OEIP and 2005 Plan, respectively.

Restricted Stock Awards

There were 88,000 restricted stock awards granted under the 2015 OEIP and 2005 Stock Plan in 2017.

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A summary of the Company’s restricted stock awards outstanding under the 2015 OEIP and 2005 Plan as of December 31, 2017, and the activity during years ended therein, are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

11. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company leases its buildings under operating leases that expire on various dates through 2022. Future minimum annual lease payments under such leases as of December 31, 2017 are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

As of December 31, 2017, $3.2 million of the remaining lease commitments expense has been accrued as part of the 2013 Restructuring Plan, partially offset by future estimated sublease income of $2.6 million.

Total rent expense was $1.1 million, $1.6 million, and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

As a condition of our lease in Pittsburgh, the landlord agreed to incentives of $40.00 per square foot, or a total of $2.2 million, for improvements to the space.  These costs have been included in deferred rent in our long-term liabilities and are being amortized over the remaining lease term.

Pennsylvania Opportunity Grant Program

On September 26, 2011, we received $1.0 million from the State of Pennsylvania to help fund our agreement to start-up a new facility.  The grant carried with it an obligation, or commitment, to employ at least 232 people within a three-year time period that ended on December 31, 2013.  We received an extension of time to meet this employment commitment by April 30, 2016.  The grant contained conditions that would require us to return a pro-rata amount of the monies received if we failed to meet these conditions.  As such, the monies had been recorded as a liability in the accrued liabilities line item on the balance sheet until we are irrevocably

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entitled to retain the monies, or until it is determined that we need to return a portion or all of the monies received.  On June 27, 2016, we received a letter from the State of Pennsylvania requesting reimbursement of $0.3 million and said we earned the remaining $0.7 million of the original $1.0 million grant.  On September 19, 2016, we entered into a Settlement and Release Agreement with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, acting by and through the Department of Community and Economic Development to repay $0.3 million of the original $1.0 million grant.  Per the agreement, the total amount due of $0.3 million is at 0% interest and is payable in twenty equal quarterly installments commencing on January 31, 2017 and ending on October 31, 2021.

Litigation

The Company may become involved in various legal proceedings arising from its business activities. While management does not believe the ultimate disposition of these matters will have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or financial position, litigation is inherently unpredictable, and depending on the nature and timing of these proceedings, an unfavorable resolution could materially affect the Company’s future consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or financial position in a particular period.

Other Contingent Contractual Obligations

During its normal course of business, the Company has made certain indemnities, commitments, and guarantees under which it may be required to make payments in relation to certain transactions. These include: intellectual property indemnities to the Company’s customers and licensees in connection with the use, sale and/or license of Company products; indemnities to various lessors in connection with facility leases for certain claims arising from such facility or lease; indemnities to vendors and service providers pertaining to claims based on the negligence or willful misconduct of the Company; indemnities involving the accuracy of representations and warranties in certain contracts; and indemnities to directors and officers of the Company to the maximum extent permitted under the laws of the State of Delaware. In addition, the Company has made contractual commitments to employees providing for severance payments and/or postretirement benefits upon the occurrence of certain prescribed events. The Company may also issue a guarantee in the form of a standby letter of credit as security for contingent liabilities under certain customer contracts. The duration of these indemnities, commitments, and guarantees varies, and in certain cases, may be indefinite. The majority of these indemnities, commitments and guarantees may not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential for future payments the Company could be obligated to make. The Company has not recorded any liability for these indemnities, commitments, and guarantees in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

12. Segment, Customer Concentration and Geographical Information

Segment Information

Public companies are required to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments as required by FASB ASC Topic No. 280, Segment Reporting. The Company has two primary business units based on how management internally evaluates separate financial information, business activities and management responsibility. Wireless includes our NetWise®, CommSuite®, SafePath®, and QuickLink® family of products.  Graphics includes our consumer-based products: Poser®, Moho® (formerly Anime Studio®), Clip Studio® (formerly Manga Studio®), MotionArtist® and StuffIt®.

The Company does not separately allocate operating expenses to these business units, nor does it allocate specific assets. Therefore, business unit information reported includes only revenues.

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The following table shows the revenues generated by each business unit (in thousands):

 

 

Customer Concentration Information

A summary of the Company’s customers that represent 10% or more of the Company’s revenues is as follows:

 

 

The customers listed above comprised 72%, 80%, and 83% of our accounts receivable as of December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.  Our major customers could reduce their orders of our products in favor of a competitor's product or for any other reason. The loss of any of our major customers or decisions by a significant customer to substantially reduce purchases could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Geographical Information

During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, the Company operated in three geographic locations: the Americas, EMEA (Europe, the Middle East, and Africa), and Asia Pacific. Revenues attributed to the geographic location of the customer’s bill-to address, were as follows (in thousands):

 

 

13. Related Party Transactions

On September 2, 2016, the Company entered into a Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain investors, including William W. Smith, Jr. and Dieva L. Smith (collectively, “Smith”).  William W. Smith, Jr. is the Company’s Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer.  Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued and sold to Smith in a private placement a senior subordinated promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $2.0 million (the “Debt Notes”) and a five-year warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase an aggregate of 850,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $2.74 per share. The Company completed the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement and issued the Debt Note and Warrant to Smith on September 6, 2016. Refer to Note 6, Equity Transactions, for additional details.  In September 2017, the Debt Note issued to Smith was exchanged for shares of our Series B Preferred Stock in connection with the Series B Preferred Stock transaction described below, and is no longer outstanding.

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On December 6, 2016, the Company entered into a short-term secured borrowing arrangement with Smith pursuant to which Smith loaned the Company $1.0 million and the Company issued to Smith a Secured Promissory Note bearing interest at the rate of 18% per annum, which was due on December 14, 2016 and was secured by the Company’s accounts receivable and certain other assets.

On February 7, 2017, the Company entered into a new short-term secured borrowing arrangement with Smith, and on February 8, 2017, the Company entered into a short-term secured borrowing arrangement with Steven L. and Monique P. Elfman (“Elfman”) pursuant to which Smith and Elfman each loaned to the Company $1.0 million and the Company issued to each of them a Secured Promissory Note (the “Original Notes”) bearing interest at the rate of 18% per annum.  The Original Notes were due on March 24, 2017 and were secured by the Company’s accounts receivable and certain other assets.  Steven L. Elfman is a director of the Company.  The Original Notes for Elfman and Smith were amended to extend their maturity dates to June 23 and June 26, 2017, respectively.

The Company’s borrowings under the Original Notes with Smith and Elfman were refinanced on June 30, 2017. In connection with such refinancing, the Company issued each of Smith and Elfman a new Secured Promissory Note in the amount of $1.0 million, bearing interest at the rate of 12% per annum and maturing on September 25, 2017 (each, a “Replacement Note”). Each of the Replacement Notes is secured by the Company’s accounts receivable and other assets.  The maturity date under the Smith Replacement Note has been extended to July 25, 2018. The maturity date under the Elfman Replacement Note was extended to February 11, 2018. The Elfman Replacement Note has since been fully paid and is no longer outstanding.

On May 16, 2017, the Company entered into a subscription agreement with Andrew Arno (“Arno”) in a private placement pursuant to which the Company issued and sold 50,000 shares of its common stock at a price per share of $1.10. Andrew Arno is a director of the Company.

On August 23, 2017, the Company entered into a new borrowing arrangement with Smith, under which the Company borrowed $0.8 million and issued to Smith a new Secured Promissory Note, bearing interest at the rate of 12% per annum, and maturing on January 25, 2018. In September 2017, this new Secured Promissory Note was exchanged by Smith for shares of our Series B Preferred Stock in connection with the Series B Preferred Stock transaction described below, and is no longer outstanding.

On August 24, 2017, the Company entered into a new borrowing arrangement with Arno, under which the Company borrowed $0.3 million and issued to Arno Secured Promissory Notes with an aggregate principal balance of $0.3 million, bearing interest at the rate of 12% per annum, and maturing on January 31, 2018. A portion of the debt under the Arno borrowing arrangement was exchanged by Arno for shares of our Series B Preferred Stock in connection with the Series B Preferred Stock transaction described below, and the maturity date for the remaining balance has been extended to July 25, 2018.

On September 29, 2017, the Company exchanged shares of the Company’s newly designated Series B 10% Convertible Preferred Stock for outstanding indebtedness with a principal amount of $2.8 million owed to Smith and Arno for 2,750 and 50 shares, respectively, of Series B Preferred Stock.

See also Note 15 for related party transactions that occurred subsequent to December 31, 2017.

14. Restructuring

In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, the Board of Directors approved a plan of restructuring intended to streamline and flatten the Company’s organization, reduce overall headcount by approximately 30%, and reduce its overall cost structure by approximately $2.5 million per quarter. The restructuring plan resulted in special charges totaling $0.3 million recorded during the three month period ended December 31, 2016. These charges were for primarily related to severance costs and were all paid out by December 31, 2016.

In the first quarter of fiscal 2017, the Board of Directors approved an additional restructuring plan intended to further streamline and flatten the Company’s organization, reduce overall headcount by approximately 16%, and reduce its overall cost structure by another $0.9 - $1.0 million per quarter. The restructuring plan will

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result in special charges totaling approximately $0.3 million to be recorded during the three-month period ending March 31, 2017. These charges are primarily related to severance costs and include $0.1 million of non-cash stock-based compensation severance.

Following is the activity in our restructuring liability for the year ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

 

 

During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company renewed and secured sublease contracts through the end of the lease expiration and consequently updated its future sublease assumptions resulting in $0.7 million of restructuring income on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.

 

15. Subsequent Events

The Company evaluates and discloses subsequent events as required by ASC Topic No. 855, Subsequent Events. The Topic establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued or are available to be issued.

On January 30, 2018, the Company entered into amendments to certain of its existing Secured Promissory Notes for the sole purpose of extending the relevant maturity dates. The Note dated August 18, 2017 issued to Steven L. Elfman and Monique P. Elfman was amended to extend the maturity date of the Note to February 11, 2018. The Note dated June 26, 2017 issued to William W. Smith, Jr. and Dieva L. Smith was amended to extend the maturity date to July 25, 2018. The Notes dated August 24, 2017 issued to Next Generation TC FBO Andrew Arno IRA 1663 and Andrew Arno were amended to extend the maturity date of each to July 25, 2018.

On March 6, 2018, the Company completed a private placement with several investors, wherein a total of 2,857,144 shares of the Company’s common stock was issued at a purchase price of $1.75 per share, with each investor also receiving a warrant to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of shares of Common Stock purchased by such investor in the Offering at an exercise price of $2.17 per share, for a total purchase price of $5,000,000 (the “Offering”). It is anticipated that the Offering will raise net cash proceeds of approximately $4,475,000 (after deducting the placement agent fee and expenses of the Offering). The Company intends to use the net cash proceeds from the Offering for working capital purposes, and to fund required dividend payments, payment of principal and interest payments under short-term borrowing obligations, and payment of interest (but not principal) under long-term borrowing obligations.

The Company engaged Chardan Capital Markets, LLC (“Chardan”) as placement agent for the Offering pursuant to an engagement letter agreement. The Company agreed to pay Chardan a cash placement fee equal to 8.0% of the gross proceeds of the offering, and has issued to Chardan a warrant to purchase shares of Common Stock equal to 3.0% of the number of shares sold in the Offering (the “Chardan Warrant”).  The Chardan Warrant will have exercise price of $2.365 per share, a term of 5.5 years from the closing date of the Offering, and otherwise identical terms to the warrants to be issued to the investors in the Offering.

In connection with the Offering, on March 5, 2018, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with investors containing customary representations and warranties. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to use its best efforts to cause the conversion of all shares of the Company’s Series B 10% Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”) into shares of Common Stock pursuant to the terms of the Company’s Certificate of Designation (the “Certificate of Designation”) with respect to the Series B Preferred Stock. In connection therewith, the Company has entered into Letter Agreements with each of William W. Smith, Jr. (“Smith”) and Andrew Arno (“Arno”), whereby each of Smith and Arno agree to take certain action to convert the shares of

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Series B Preferred Stock held by them pursuant to terms outlined in the Purchase Agreement, and further agreed that their shares upon conversion shall not be subject to resale registration rights. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company has entered into voting agreements with each of its directors, executive officers and greater than 10% stockholders, by which each such person has agreed to vote all shares of Company capital stock held by them in favor of waiving any applicable beneficial ownership threshold in the Company’s existing Certificate of Designation for the Series B Preferred Stock.  

In addition, as a condition to closing, the following note holders amended their existing Secured Promissory Notes (the “Notes”) for the sole purpose of extending the relevant maturity dates to March 25, 2020: (i) Secured Promissory Note dated June 26, 2017, issued to Smith and Dieva L. Smith, as amended; (ii) Secured Promissory Note dated August 24, 2017, issued to Next Generation TC FBO Andrew Arno IRA 1663, as amended; and (iii) Secured Promissory Note, dated August 24, 2017 issued to Arno, as amended.

16. Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

The following financial information reflects all normal recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results of the interim periods. Summarized quarterly data for fiscal 2017 and 2016 are as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

 

 

 

 

 

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