Attached files
| file | filename |
|---|---|
| EX-32.2 - EX-32.2 - ENB Financial Corp | ex32-2.htm |
| EX-32.1 - EX-32.1 - ENB Financial Corp | ex32-1.htm |
| EX-31.2 - EX-31.2 - ENB Financial Corp | ex31-2.htm |
| EX-31.1 - EX-31.1 - ENB Financial Corp | ex31-1.htm |
| EX-23 - EX-23 - ENB Financial Corp | ex23.htm |
| EX-21 - EX-21 - ENB Financial Corp | ex21.htm |
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017
OR
| o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 000-53297
ENB Financial Corp
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Pennsylvania | 51-0661129 | |
| State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization | (IRS Employer Identification No.) | |
| 31 E. Main St. Ephrata, PA | 17522 | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
| Registrant’s telephone number, including area code | (717) 733-4181 | |
| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: | None |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Title of each class
Common Stock, Par Value $0.20 Per Share
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| Large Accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o |
| Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company x |
| Emerging growth company o |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2017, was approximately $60,076,731.
The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of February 15, 2018, was 2,849,823.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 8, 2018, is incorporated into Parts III and IV hereof.
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
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Part I
Forward-Looking Statements
The U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides safe harbor in regard to the inclusion of forward-looking statements in this document and documents incorporated by reference. Forward-looking statements pertain to possible or assumed future results that are made using current information. These forward-looking statements are generally identified when terms such as; “believe,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “project,” “forecast,” and other similar wordings are used. The readers of this report should take into consideration that these forward-looking statements represent management’s expectations as to future forecasts of financial performance, or the likelihood that certain events will or will not occur. Due to the very nature of estimates or predictions, these forward-looking statements should not be construed to be indicative of actual future results. Additionally, management may change estimates of future performance, or the likelihood of future events, as additional information is obtained. This document may also address targets, guidelines, or strategic goals that management is striving to reach but may not be indicative of actual results.
Readers should note that many factors affect this forward-looking information, some of which are discussed elsewhere in this document and in the documents that are incorporated by reference into this document. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:
| · | Economic conditions |
| · | Monetary and interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve Board |
| · | Volatility of the securities markets |
| · | Possible impacts of the capital and liquidity requirements of Basel III standards and other regulatory pronouncements |
| · | Effects of short- and long-term federal budget and tax negotiations and their effects on economic and business conditions |
| · | Effects of the failure of the Federal government to reach agreement to raise the debt ceiling and the negative effects on economic or business conditions as a result |
| · | Effects of weak market conditions, specifically the effect on loan customers to repay loans |
| · | Political changes and their impact on new laws and regulations |
| · | Competitive forces |
| · | Changes in deposit flows, loan demand, or real estate and investment securities values |
| · | Changes in accounting principles, policies, or guidelines as may be adopted by the regulatory agencies, as well as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, and other accounting standards setters |
| · | Ineffective business strategy due to current or future market and competitive conditions |
| · | Management’s ability to manage credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk, and fair value risk |
| · | Operation, legal, and reputation risk |
| · | The risk that our analyses of these risks and forces could be incorrect and/or that the strategies developed to address them could be unsuccessful |
| · | The impact of new laws and regulations, including the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 and the regulations issued thereunder. |
Readers should be aware if any of the above factors change significantly, the statements regarding future performance could also change materially. The safe harbor provision provides that ENB Financial Corp is not required to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date of this report. Readers should review any changes in risk factors in documents filed by ENB Financial Corp periodically with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including Item 1A. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K.
General
ENB Financial Corp (“the Corporation”) is a bank holding company that was formed on July 1, 2008. The Corporation’s wholly owned subsidiary, Ephrata National Bank (“the Bank”), also referred to as ENB, is a full service commercial bank organized under the laws of the United States. Presently, no other subsidiaries exist under
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the bank holding company. The Corporation and the Bank are both headquartered in Ephrata, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The Bank was incorporated on April 11, 1881, pursuant to The National Bank Act under a charter granted by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC). The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insures deposit accounts to the maximum extent provided by law. The Corporation’s retail, operational, and administrative offices are predominantly located in Lancaster County, southeastern Lebanon County, and southern Berks County, Pennsylvania. Ten full service offices are located in Lancaster County with one full service office in Lebanon County and one full service office in Berks County, Pennsylvania.
The basic business of the Corporation is to provide a broad range of financial services to individuals and small-to-medium-sized businesses in Lancaster County as well as Berks and Lebanon Counties. The Corporation utilizes funds gathered through deposits from the general public to originate loans. The Corporation offers a range of demand accounts, in addition to savings and time deposits. The Corporation also offers secured and unsecured commercial, real estate, and consumer loans. Ancillary services that provide added convenience to customers include direct deposit and direct payments of funds through Electronic Funds Transfer, ATMs linked to the Star® network, telephone banking, MasterCard® debit cards, Visa® or MasterCard credit cards, and safe deposit box facilities. In addition, the Corporation offers internet banking including bill pay and wire transfer capabilities, remote deposit capture, and an ENB Bank on the Go! app for iPhones or Android phones. The Corporation also offers a full complement of trust and investment advisory services through ENB’s Money Management Group.
As of December 31, 2017, the Corporation employed 285 persons, consisting of 247 full-time and 38 part-time employees. The number of full-time employees increased by sixteen employees, and the number of part-time employees decreased by one from the previous year-end. The increase in the number of full-time employees is attributable to various items in 2017; the growing branch network and back office personnel to support new locations, growth in the mortgage sales and support staff, additional commercial relationship managers, and general staff increases due to bank asset and loan growth. The Bank expects to continue growing in 2018 but at a lower rate than in 2017. A collective bargaining agent does not represent the employees.
Operating Segments
The Corporation’s business is providing financial products and services. These products and services are provided through the Corporation’s wholly owned subsidiary, the Bank. The Bank is presently the only subsidiary of the Corporation, and the Bank only has one reportable operating segment, community banking, as described in Note A of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. The segment reporting information in Note A is incorporated by reference into this Part I, Item 1.
Business Operations
Products and Services with Reputation Risk
The Corporation offers a diverse range of financial and banking products and services. In the event one or more customers and/or governmental agencies becomes dissatisfied with or objects to any product or service offered by the Corporation, negative publicity with respect to any such product or service, whether legally justified or not, could have a negative impact on the Corporation’s reputation. The discontinuance of any product or service, whether or not any customer or governmental agency has challenged any such product or service, could have a negative impact on the Corporation’s reputation.
Market Area and Competition
The Corporation’s primary market area is Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, where ten full service offices are located. However, the Corporation’s market area also extends into contiguous Lebanon and Berks Counties. The Corporation opened a full service office in southeastern Lebanon County in 2013 and a full service office in southern Berks County in 2016 to extend physical presence to those counties. The Corporation’s greater service area is considered to be Lancaster, Lebanon, and Berks Counties of Pennsylvania. The area served by the Corporation is a mix of rural communities and small to mid-sized towns.
The Corporation’s headquarters and main campus are located in Ephrata, Pennsylvania. The Corporation’s main office and drive-up are located in downtown Ephrata, while the Cloister office is also located within Ephrata Borough. As such, the Corporation has a very strong presence in Ephrata Borough, a community with a population of approximately 13,000. When surrounding areas that also share an Ephrata address and zip code are included, the population is over 32,000 based on 2010 census data. The Corporation ranks a commanding first in deposit market
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share in the Ephrata area with 40.6% of deposits as of June 30, 2017, based on data compiled annually by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). The Corporation’s deposit market share in the Ephrata area was 43.7% as of June 30, 2016. The Corporation’s very high market share in the Ephrata area equates to a saturation of the local market that has led to the expansion of the Corporation’s branch network.
In the past 15 years, the Corporation’s market area has expanded beyond the greater Ephrata area to encompass most of northern Lancaster County, with the exception of the most western parts of the County. The majority of this expansion has occurred in recent history with the addition of eight new branch offices since 1999, bringing the total offices to twelve. Lancaster County ranks high nationally as a favored place to reside due to its scenic and fertile farmland, low cost of living, diverse local economy, and proximity to several large metropolitan areas. As a result, the area has experienced significant population growth and development. The population growth of Lancaster County has remained above both Pennsylvania and national growth levels over the past fifty years. Additionally, the population of Lancaster County has recently eclipsed half a million, with 2010 census information showing an estimated population of 508,000. The FDIC deposit market share data ranked the Corporation 5th in deposit market share in Lancaster County, with 7.3% of deposits as of June 30, 2017. The Corporation held 7.1% of deposit market share as of June 30, 2016.
In the course of attracting and retaining deposits and originating loans, the Corporation faces considerable competition. The Corporation competes with other commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, and credit unions for traditional banking products, such as deposits and loans. Based on FDIC summary of deposit data, there were 22 banks and savings associations and 12 credit unions operating in Lancaster County as of June 30, 2017, representing two more banks and the same number of credit unions compared to the prior year. The Corporation competes with consumer finance companies for loans, mutual funds, and other investment alternatives for deposits. The Corporation competes for deposits based on the ability to provide a range of products, low fees, quality service, competitive rates, and convenient locations and hours. The competition for loan origination generally relates to interest rates offered, products available, quality of service, and loan origination fees charged. Several competitors within the Corporation’s primary market have substantially higher legal lending limits that enable them to service larger loans and larger commercial customers.
The Corporation continues to assess the competition and market area to determine the best way to meet the financial needs of the communities it serves. Management also continues to pursue new market opportunities based on the strategic plan to efficiently grow the Corporation, improve earnings performance, and bring the Corporation’s products and services to customers currently not being reached. Management strategically addresses growth opportunities versus competitive issues by determining the new products and services to be offered, expansion of existing footprint with new locations, as well as investing in the expertise of staffing for expansion of these services.
Concentrations and Seasonality
The Corporation does not have any portion of its businesses dependent on a single or limited number of customers, the loss of which would have a material adverse effect on its businesses. No substantial portion of loans or investments is concentrated within a single industry or group of related industries, although a significant amount of loans are secured by real estate located in northern Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Agricultural purpose loans make up approximately 31% of the loan portfolio; however, these loans are further diversified according to type of agriculture, of which dairy is the largest component accounting for approximately 14% of the loan portfolio. The business activities of the Corporation are generally not seasonal in nature. The sizable agricultural portfolio has minority elements that are predominately seasonal in nature due to typical farming operations. Financial instruments with concentrations of credit risk are described in Note P of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. The concentration of credit risk information in Note P is incorporated by reference into this Part I, Item 1.
Supervision and Regulation
Bank holding companies operate in a highly regulated environment and are routinely examined by federal and state regulatory authorities. The following discussion concerns various federal and state laws and regulations and the potential impact of such laws and regulations on the Corporation and the Bank.
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To the extent that the following information describes statutory or regulatory provisions, it is qualified in its entirety by reference to the particular statutory or regulatory provisions themselves. Proposals to change laws and regulations are frequently introduced in Congress, the state legislatures, and before the various bank regulatory agencies. The Corporation cannot determine the likelihood or timing of any such proposals or legislation, or the impact they may have on the Corporation and the Bank. A change in law, regulations, or regulatory policy may have a material effect on the Corporation and the Bank’s business.
The operations of the Bank are subject to federal and state statutes applicable to banks chartered under the banking laws of the United States, to members of the Federal Reserve System, and to banks whose deposits are insured by the FDIC. Bank operations are subject to regulations of the OCC, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the FDIC.
Bank Holding Company Supervision and Regulation
The Bank Holding Company Act of 1956
The Corporation is subject to the provisions of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and to supervision by the Federal Reserve Board. The following restrictions apply:
General Supervision by the Federal Reserve Board
As a bank holding company, the Corporation’s activities are limited to the business of banking and activities closely related or incidental to banking. Bank holding companies are required to file periodic reports with and are subject to examination by the Federal Reserve Board. The Federal Reserve Board has adopted a risk-focused supervision program for small shell bank holding companies that is tied to the examination results of the subsidiary bank. The Federal Reserve Board has issued regulations under the Bank Holding Company Act that require a bank holding company to serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary banks. As a result, the Federal Reserve Board may require that the Corporation stand ready to provide adequate capital funds to the Bank during periods of financial stress or adversity.
Restrictions on Acquiring Control of Other Banks and Companies
A bank holding company may not:
| · | acquire direct or indirect control of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of any class of voting stock, or substantially all of the assets of any bank, or |
| · | merge or consolidate with another bank holding company, without prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board. |
In addition, a bank holding company may not:
| · | engage in a non-banking business, or |
| · | acquire ownership or control of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of any class of voting stock of any company engaged in a non-banking business, |
unless the Federal Reserve Board determines the business to be so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident to banking. In making this determination, the Federal Reserve Board considers whether these activities offer benefits to the public that outweigh any possible adverse effects.
Anti-Tie-In Provisions
A bank holding company and its subsidiaries may not engage in tie-in arrangements in connection with any extension of credit or provision of any property or services. These anti-tie-in provisions state generally that a bank may not:
| · | extend credit, |
| · | lease or sell property, or |
| · | furnish any service to a customer, |
on the condition that the customer provides additional credit or service to a bank or its affiliates, or on the condition that the customer not obtain other credit or service from a competitor of the bank.
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Restrictions on Extensions of Credit by Banks to their Holding Companies
Subsidiary banks of a holding company are also subject to restrictions imposed by the Federal Reserve Act on:
| · | any extensions of credit to the bank holding company or any of its subsidiaries, |
| · | investments in the stock or other securities of the Corporation, and |
| · | taking these stock or securities as collateral for loans to any borrower. |
Risk-Based Capital Guidelines
Bank holding companies must comply with the Federal Reserve Board’s current risk-based capital guidelines, which are amended provisions of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956. The required minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets, including some off-balance sheet activities, such as standby letters of credit, is 8%. At least half of the total capital is required to be Tier I Capital, consisting principally of common shareholders’ equity, less certain intangible assets. The remainder, Tier II Capital, may consist of:
| · | some types of preferred stock, |
| · | a limited amount of subordinated debt, |
| · | some hybrid capital instruments, |
| · | other debt securities, and |
| · | a limited amount of the general loan loss allowance. |
The risk-based capital guidelines are required to take adequate account of interest rate risk, concentrations of credit risk, and risks of nontraditional activities.
Capital Leverage Ratio Requirements
The Federal Reserve Board requires a bank holding company to maintain a leverage ratio of a minimum level of Tier I capital, as determined under the risk-based capital guidelines, equal to 3% of average total consolidated assets for those bank holding companies that have the highest regulatory examination rating and are not contemplating or experiencing significant growth or expansion. All other bank holding companies are required to maintain a ratio of at least 1% to 2% above the stated minimum. The Bank is subject to similar capital requirements pursuant to the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.
Restrictions on Control Changes
The Change in Bank Control Act of 1978 requires persons seeking control of a bank or bank holding company to obtain approval from the appropriate federal banking agency before completing the transaction. The law contains a presumption that the power to vote 10% or more of voting stock confers control of a bank or bank holding company. The Federal Reserve Board is responsible for reviewing changes in control of bank holding companies. In doing so, the Federal Reserve Board reviews the financial position, experience and integrity of the acquiring person, and the effect the change of control will have on the financial condition of the Corporation, relevant markets, and federal deposit insurance funds.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), also known as the “Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act,” was established in 2002 and introduced major changes to the regulation of financial practice. SOX was established as a reaction to the outbreak of corporate and accounting scandals, including Enron and WorldCom. SOX represents a comprehensive revision of laws affecting corporate governance, accounting obligations, and corporate reporting. SOX is applicable to all companies with equity or debt securities that are either registered, or file reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Section 404 of SOX requires publicly held companies to document and test their internal controls that impact financial reporting and report on the findings, known as Section 404a. External auditors also must test and report on the effectiveness of a company’s internal controls to ensure accurate financial reporting, which is known as Section 404b. Companies must report any deficiencies or material weaknesses in their internal controls, as well as their remediation efforts. To ensure greater investor confidence in corporate disclosures from public companies, SOX restricts the services that public accounting firms can provide to publicly traded companies. The Corporation does not engage the same professional accounting firm for external and internal auditing.
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The provisions of Sections 404a and 404b of SOX vary according to the publically traded market capitalization, referred to as accelerated or non-accelerated filers. While accelerated filers had to comply with Section 404a and 404b since 2004, with their auditors required to report on the effectiveness of internal controls, the Corporation has been a non-accelerated filer with a publicly traded market capitalization under $75 million, and therefore was not required to comply with Section 404b. The Corporation has always been subject to Section 404a.
In 2008, the SEC expanded the definitions of smaller public companies beyond non-accelerated filers to include a new definition of smaller reporting company. The smaller reporting company definition was more favorable to smaller businesses that qualified under certain conditions. On July 1, 2008, the Corporation came into existence as ENB Financial Corp, which succeeded Ephrata National Bank. With the new entity and new SEC registration, the Corporation changed the filing status from non-accelerated filer to smaller reporting company. The Corporation continues to meet the definition of a smaller reporting company as it has a public equity float of approximately $60.1 million as of June 30, 2017.
On July 21, 2010, when the Dodd-Frank Act was signed into law, Section 404b was permanently deferred for all smaller reporting companies. The Corporation would become subject to Section 404b requirements of SOX at the end of 2017 if public float exceeds $75 million on June 30, 2017, at which time the Corporation would be considered an accelerated filer.
Bank Supervision and Regulation
Safety and Soundness
The primary regulator for the Bank is the OCC. The OCC has the authority under the Financial Institutions Supervisory Act and the Federal Deposit Insurance Act to prevent a national bank from engaging in any unsafe or unsound practice in conducting business or from otherwise conducting activities in violation of the law.
Federal and state banking laws and regulations govern, but are not limited to, the following:
| · | Scope of a bank’s business |
| · | Investments a bank may make |
| · | Reserves that must be maintained against certain deposits |
| · | Loans a bank makes and collateral it takes |
| · | Merger and consolidation activities |
| · | Establishment of branches |
The Corporation is a member of the Federal Reserve System. Therefore, the policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve Board have a significant impact on many elements of the Corporation’s operations, including:
| · | Loan and deposit growth |
| · | Rate of interest earned and paid |
| · | Types of securities |
| · | Breadth of financial services provided |
| · | Levels of liquidity |
| · | Levels of required capital |
Management cannot predict the effect of changes to such policies and regulations upon the Corporation’s business model and the corresponding impact they may have on future earnings.
FDIC Insurance Assessments
The FDIC imposes a risk-related premium schedule for all insured depository institutions that results in the assessment of premiums based on the Bank’s capital and supervisory measures. Under the risk-related premium schedule, the FDIC assigns, on a semi-annual basis, each depository institution to one of three capital groups, the best of these being “Well Capitalized.” For purposes of calculating the insurance assessment, the Bank was considered “Well Capitalized” as of December 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016. This designation has benefited the Bank in the past and continues to benefit it in terms of a lower quarterly FDIC rate. The FDIC adjusts the insurance rates when necessary. FDIC insurance rates have been significantly higher in recent years compared to years prior to the financial crisis. In 2008, during the financial crisis, the FDIC insurance limit was increased from
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$100,000 to $250,000 along with unlimited insurance coverage on non-interest bearing deposits and interest bearing deposit balances with interest rates less than or equal to 0.50%. Significant increases in the FDIC insurance costs were assessed in 2009 to both cover the increased level of bank failures that were occurring and the higher level of coverage. Since then the number of bank failures has significantly declined and the FDIC has been able to decrease the cost of the insurance. The total FDIC assessments paid by the Bank in 2017 were $268,000, compared to $370,000 in 2016.
In addition to FDIC insurance costs, the Bank is subject to assessments to pay the interest on Financing Corporation Bonds. Congress created the Financing Corporation to issue bonds to finance the resolution of failed thrift institutions. These assessment rates are set quarterly. The total Financing Corporation assessments paid by the Bank in 2017 were $53,000 compared to $42,000 in 2016.
On July 21, 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act made the temporary $250,000 FDIC insurance coverage the permanent standard maximum deposit insurance amount. Additionally, on February 7, 2011, the Board of Directors of the FDIC approved a final rule based on the Dodd-Frank Act that revises the assessment base from one based on domestic deposits to one based on assets. This change, which was effective in April 2011, saved the Corporation a significant amount of FDIC insurance premiums.
Community Reinvestment Act
Under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA), as amended, the OCC is required to assess all financial institutions that it regulates to determine whether these institutions are meeting the credit needs of the community that they serve. The Act focuses specifically on low and moderate income neighborhoods. The OCC takes an institution’s CRA record into account in its evaluation of any application made by any of such institutions for, among other things:
| · | Approval of a new branch or other deposit facility |
| · | Closing of a branch or other deposit facility |
| · | An office relocation or a merger |
| · | Any acquisition of bank shares |
The CRA, as amended, also requires that the OCC make publicly available the evaluation of a bank’s record of meeting the credit needs of its entire community, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. This evaluation includes a descriptive rating of either outstanding, satisfactory, needs to improve, or substantial noncompliance, along with a statement describing the basis for the rating. These ratings are publicly disclosed. The Bank received an outstanding rating on the most recent CRA Performance Evaluation completed on June 22, 2015.
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991
Capital Adequacy
Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (FDICIA), institutions are classified in one of five defined categories as illustrated below:
| Tier I Capital | Common Equity Tier I | |||
| Capital Category | Total Capital Ratio | Ratio | Capital Ratio | Leverage Ratio |
| Well Capitalized | > 10.0 | > 8.0 | > 6.5 | > 5.0 |
| Adequately Capitalized | > 8.0 | > 6.0 | > 4.5 | > 4.0* |
| Undercapitalized | < 8.0 | < 6.0 | < 4.5 | < 4.0* |
| Significantly Undercapitalized | < 6.0 | < 4.0 | < 3.5 | < 3.0 |
| Critically Undercapitalized | < 2.0 |
*3.0 for those banks having the highest available regulatory rating.
The Bank’s and Corporation’s capital ratios exceed the regulatory requirements to be considered well capitalized for Total Risk-Based Capital, Tier I Risk-Based Capital, Common Equity Tier I Capital, and Tier I Leverage Capital. The capital ratio table and Consolidated Financial Statement Note M – Regulatory Matters and Restrictions, are incorporated by reference herein, from Item 8, and made a part hereof. Note M discloses capital ratios for both the Bank and the Corporation, shown as Consolidated.
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Regulatory Capital Changes
In July 2013, the federal banking agencies issued final rules to implement the Basel III regulatory capital reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act. The phase-in period for community banking organizations began January 1, 2015, while larger institutions (generally those with assets of $250 billion or more) began compliance on January 1, 2014. The final rules call for the following capital requirements:
| · | A minimum ratio of common equity tier I capital to risk-weighted assets of 4.5% |
| · | A minimum ratio of tier I capital to risk-weighted assets of 6% |
| · | A minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of 8% |
| · | A minimum leverage ratio of 4% |
In addition, the final rules established a common equity tier I capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets applicable to all banking organizations. If a banking organization fails to hold capital above the minimum capital ratios and the capital conservation buffer, it will be subject to certain restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonus payments. The phase-in period for the capital conservation and countercyclical capital buffers for all banking organizations began on January 1, 2016.
Under the initially proposed rules, accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) would have been included in a banking organization’s common equity tier I capital. The final rules allowed community banks to make a one-time election not to include these additional components of AOCI in regulatory capital and instead use the existing treatment under the general risk-based capital rules that excludes most AOCI components from regulatory capital. The opt-out election was made by the Corporation with the filing of the first quarter Call Report as of March 31, 2015.
The final rules permanently grandfather non-qualifying capital instruments (such as trust preferred securities and cumulative perpetual preferred stock) issued before May 19, 2010 for inclusion in the tier I capital of banking organizations with total consolidated assets less than $15 billion as of December 31, 2009, and banking organizations that were mutual holding companies as of May 19, 2010. The Corporation does not have trust preferred securities or cumulative perpetual preferred stock with no plans to add these to the capital structure.
The proposed rules would have modified the risk-weight framework applicable to residential mortgage exposures to require banking organizations to divide residential mortgage exposures into two categories in order to determine the applicable risk weight. In response to commenter concerns about the burden of calculating the risk weights and the potential negative effect on credit availability, the final rules do not adopt the proposed risk weights but retain the current risk weights for mortgage exposures under the general risk-based capital rules.
Consistent with the Dodd-Frank Act, the new rules replace the ratings-based approach to securitization exposures, which is based on external credit ratings, with the simplified supervisory formula approach in order to determine the appropriate risk weights for these exposures. Alternatively, banking organizations may use the existing gross-up approach to assign securitization exposures to a risk weight category or choose to assign such exposures a 1,250 percent risk weight. The Corporation does not securitize assets and has no plans to do so.
Under the new rules, mortgage servicing assets (MSAs) and certain deferred tax assets (DTAs) are subject to stricter limitations than those applicable under the current general risk-based capital rule. The new rules also increase the risk weights for past-due loans, certain commercial real estate loans, and some equity exposures, and makes selected other changes in risk weights and credit conversion factors.
Management has evaluated the impact of the above rules on levels of the Corporation’s capital. The final rulings were highly favorable in terms of the items that would have a more significant impact to the Corporation and community banks in general. Specifically, the AOCI final ruling, which would have had the greatest impact, now provides the Corporation with an opt-out provision. The final ruling on the risk weightings of mortgages was favorable and did not have a material negative impact. The rulings as to trust preferred securities, preferred stock, and securitization of assets are not applicable to the Corporation, and presently the revised treatment of MSAs is not material to capital. The remaining changes to risk weightings on several items mentioned above such as past-due loans and certain commercial real estate loans do not have a material impact to capital presently, but could change as these levels change.
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Real Estate Lending Standards
Pursuant to the FDICIA, federal banking agencies adopted real estate lending guidelines which would set loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios for different types of real estate loans. The LTV ratio is generally defined as the total loan amount divided by the appraised value of the property at the time the loan is originated. If the institution does not hold a first lien position, the total loan amount would be combined with the amount of all junior liens when calculating the ratio. In addition to establishing the LTV ratios, the guidelines require all real estate loans to be based upon proper loan documentation and a recent appraisal or certificate of inspection of the property.
Prompt Corrective Action
In the event that an institution’s capital deteriorates to the Undercapitalized category or below, FDICIA prescribes an increasing amount of regulatory intervention, including:
| · | Implementation of a capital restoration plan and a guarantee of the plan by a parent institution |
| · | Placement of a hold on increases in assets, number of branches, or lines of business |
If capital reaches the significantly or critically undercapitalized level, further material restrictions can be imposed, including restrictions on interest payable on accounts, dismissal of management, and (in critically undercapitalized situations) appointment of a receiver. For well-capitalized institutions, FDICIA provides authority for regulatory intervention where they deem the institution to be engaging in unsafe or unsound practices, or if the institution receives a less than satisfactory examination report rating for asset quality, management, earnings, liquidity, or sensitivity to market risk.
Other FDICIA Provisions
Each depository institution must submit audited financial statements to its primary regulator and the FDIC, whose reports are made publicly available. In addition, the audit committee of each depository institution must consist of outside directors and the audit committee at “large institutions” (as defined by FDIC regulation) must include members with banking or financial management expertise. The audit committee at “large institutions” must also have access to independent outside counsel. In addition, an institution must notify the FDIC and the institution’s primary regulator of any change in the institution’s independent auditor, and annual management letters must be provided to the FDIC and the depository institution’s primary regulator. The regulations define a “large institution” as one with over $500 million in assets, which does include the Bank. Also, under the rule, an institution's independent public accountant must examine the institution's internal controls over financial reporting and perform agreed-upon procedures to test compliance with laws and regulations concerning safety and soundness.
Under the FDICIA, each federal banking agency must prescribe certain safety and soundness standards for depository institutions and their holding companies. Three types of standards must be prescribed:
| · | asset quality and earnings |
| · | operational and managerial, and |
| · | compensation |
Such standards would include a ratio of classified assets to capital, minimum earnings, and, to the extent feasible, a minimum ratio of market value to book value for publicly traded securities of such institutions and holding companies. Operational and managerial standards must relate to:
| · | internal controls, information systems and internal audit systems |
| · | loan documentation |
| · | credit underwriting |
| · | interest rate exposure |
| · | asset growth, and |
| · | compensation, fees and benefits |
The FDICIA also sets forth Truth in Savings disclosure and advertising requirements applicable to all depository institutions.
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USA PATRIOT Act of 2001/Bank Secrecy Act
In October 2001, the USA Patriot Act of 2001 (Patriot Act) was enacted in response to the terrorist attacks in New York, Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C., which occurred on September 11, 2001. The Patriot Act is intended to strengthen U.S. law enforcement’s and the intelligence communities’ abilities to work cohesively to combat terrorism on a variety of fronts. The impact of the Patriot Act on financial institutions of all kinds is significant and wide ranging. The Patriot Act contains sweeping anti-money laundering and financial transparency laws and imposes various regulations, including standards for verifying client identification at account opening, and rules to promote cooperation among financial institutions, regulators and law enforcement entities in identifying parties that may be involved in terrorism or money laundering.
Under the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), banks and other financial institutions are required to report to the Internal Revenue Service currency transactions of more than $10,000 or multiple transactions of which a bank is aware in any one day that aggregate in excess of $10,000 and to report suspicious transactions under specified criteria. Civil and criminal penalties are provided under the BSA for failure to file a required report, for failure to supply information required by the BSA, or for filing a false or fraudulent report.
Loans to Insiders/Regulation O
Regulation O, also known as Loans to Insiders, governs the permissible lending relationships between a bank and its executive officers, directors, and principal shareholders and their related interests. The primary restriction of Regulation O is that loan terms and conditions, including interest rates and collateral coverage, can be no more favorable to the insider than loans made in comparable transactions to non-covered parties. Additionally, the loan may not involve more than normal risk. The regulation requires quarterly reporting to regulators of the total amount of credit extended to insiders.
Under Regulation O, a bank is not required to obtain approval from the bank’s Board of Directors prior to making a loan to an executive officer or Board of Director member as long as a first lien on the executive officer’s residence secures the loan. The Corporation’s policy requires prior Board of Director approval of any Executive Officer or Director loan that when aggregated with other outstanding extensions of credit to the Insider and their related interests exceeds $500,000. Loans to any Executive Officer or Director with aggregate exposure of under $500,000 must be reported at the next scheduled Board of Director meeting. Further amendments allow bank insiders to take advantage of preferential loan terms that are available to substantially all employees. Regulation O does permit an insider to participate in a plan that provides more favorable credit terms than the bank provides to non-employee customers provided that the plan:
| · | Is widely available to employees |
| · | Does not give preference to any insider over other employees |
The Bank has a policy in place that offers general employees more favorable loan terms than those offered to non-employee customers. The Bank’s policy on loans to insiders allows insiders to participate in the same favorable rate and terms offered to all other employees; however, any loan to an insider that does not fall within permissible regulatory exceptions must receive the prior approval of the Bank’s Board of Directors.
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
Dodd-Frank, signed into law on July 21, 2010 by President Barack Obama, was the culmination of the legislative efforts in response to the financial crisis of 2007 - 2008. The act reshaped Wall Street and the American banking industry by bringing the most significant changes to financial regulation in the United States since the regulatory reform that followed the Great Depression. The Act’s numerous provisions were to be implemented over a period of several years and were intended to decrease various risks in the U.S. financial system. Dodd-Frank created a new Financial Stability Oversight Council to identify systemic risks in the financial system and gave federal regulators new authority to take control of and liquidate financial firms. Dodd-Frank was expected to and did have an impact on the Corporation’s business operations as its provisions began to take effect. To date the provisions that did go into effect, or began to phase in, did at a minimum increase the Corporation’s operating and compliance costs. Some of the provisions could possibly reduce fee revenue and/or increase interest expense. It is difficult to predict at this time what additional provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act will occur or be rolled back under President Donald Trump and his administration. President Trump has already signed an executive order on February 3, 2017 designed to scale back the Dodd-Frank Act. The order lays the groundwork for sweeping change to the current law and if successfully pushed through Congress, could eventually lead to a replacement of Dodd-Frank. As such it is difficult to predict the impact that this legislation, or replacement legislation, will have on community banks going forward.
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Among the provisions that have either begun to affect the Corporation, or are likely to in the future, are the following:
Holding Company Capital Requirements
Dodd-Frank requires the Federal Reserve to apply consolidated capital requirements to bank holding companies that are no less stringent than those currently applied to depository institutions. Under these standards, trust preferred securities will be excluded from Tier I capital unless such securities were issued prior to May 19, 2010, by a bank holding company with less than $15 billion in assets. Dodd-Frank additionally requires that bank regulators issue countercyclical capital requirements so that the required amount of capital increases in times of economic expansion and decreases in times of economic contraction, are consistent with safety and soundness.
Corporate Governance
Dodd-Frank requires publicly traded companies to give stockholders a non-binding vote on executive compensation at least every three years, a non-binding vote regarding the frequency of the vote on executive compensation at least every six years, and a non-binding vote on “golden parachute” payments in connection with approvals of mergers and acquisitions unless previously voted on by shareholders. The SEC has finalized the rules implementing these requirements which took effect on January 21, 2011. The Corporation was exempt from these requirements until January 21, 2013, due to its status as a smaller reporting company. Additionally, Dodd-Frank directs the federal banking regulators to promulgate rules prohibiting excessive compensation paid to executives of depository institutions and their holding companies with assets in excess of $1 billion, regardless of whether the company is publicly traded. Dodd-Frank also gives the SEC authority to prohibit broker discretionary voting on elections of directors and executive compensation matters.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB)
Dodd-Frank created a new, independent federal agency called the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), which is granted broad rulemaking, supervisory and enforcement powers under various federal consumer financial protection laws, including the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Truth in Lending Act, Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, Fair Debt Collection Act, the Consumer Financial Privacy Provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, and certain other statutes. The CFPB has examination and primary enforcement authority with respect to depository institutions with $10 billion or more in assets. Smaller institutions are subject to rules promulgated by the CFPB but continue to be examined and supervised by federal banking regulators for consumer compliance purposes. The CFPB has authority to prevent unfair, deceptive, or abusive practices in connection with the offering of consumer financial products. Dodd-Frank authorized the CFPB to establish certain minimum standards for the origination of residential mortgages including a determination of the borrower’s ability to repay. In addition, Dodd-Frank allows borrowers to raise certain defenses to foreclosure if they receive any loan other than a “qualified mortgage” as defined by the CFPB. Dodd-Frank permits states to adopt consumer protection laws and standards that are more stringent than those adopted at the federal level and, in certain circumstances, permits state attorneys general to enforce compliance with both the state and federal laws and regulations.
Ability-to-Repay and Qualified Mortgage Rule
Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFPB issued a final rule on January 10, 2013 (effective on January 10, 2014), amending Regulation Z as implemented by the Truth in Lending Act, requiring mortgage lenders to make a reasonable and good faith determination based on verified and documented information that a consumer applying for a mortgage loan has a reasonable ability to repay the loan according to its terms. Mortgage lenders are required to determine consumers’ ability to repay in one of two ways. The first alternative requires the mortgage lender to consider the following eight underwriting factors when making the credit decision: (1) current or reasonably expected income or assets; (2) current employment status; (3) the monthly payment on the covered transaction; (4) the monthly payment on any simultaneous loan; (5) the monthly payment for mortgage-related obligations; (6) current debt obligations, alimony, and child support; (7) the monthly debt-to-income ratio or residual income; and (8) credit history. Alternatively, the mortgage lender can originate “qualified mortgages,” which are entitled to a presumption that the creditor making the loan satisfied the ability-to-repay requirements. In general, a “qualified mortgage” is a mortgage loan without negative amortization, interest-only payments, balloon payments, or terms exceeding 30 years. In addition, to be a qualified mortgage the points and fees paid by a consumer cannot exceed 3% of the total loan amount. Loans which meet these criteria will be considered qualified mortgages, and as a result generally protect lenders from fines or litigation in the event of foreclosure. Qualified mortgages that are “higher-priced” (e.g. subprime loans) garner a rebuttable presumption of compliance with the ability-to-repay rules, while qualified mortgages that are not “higher-priced” (e.g. Prime loans) are given a safe harbor of compliance. The final
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rule, as issued, is not expected to have a material impact on the Corporation’s lending activities and on the Corporation’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
Interchange Fees
Under the Durbin Amendment to the Dodd-Frank Act, the Federal Reserve adopted rules establishing standards for assessing whether the interchange fees that may be charged with respect to certain electronic debit transactions are “reasonable and proportional” to the costs incurred by issuers for processing such transactions.
Interchange fees or “swipe” fees, are charges that merchants pay to the Corporation and other card-issuing banks for processing electronic payment transactions. The Federal Reserve Board has ruled that for financial institutions with assets of $10 billion or more the maximum permissible interchange fee for an electronic debit transaction is the sum of 21 cents per transaction and 5 basis points multiplied by the value of the transaction. The Federal Reserve Board also has rules governing routing and exclusivity that require issuers to offer two unaffiliated networks for routing transactions on each debit or prepaid product. While the Corporation’s asset size is presently under $1 billion, there is concern that these requirements impacting financial institutions over $10 billion in assets will eventually be pushed down to either financial institutions over $1 billion or to all financial institutions. This would negatively impact the Corporation’s non-interest income.
TILA/RESPA Integrated Disclosure (TRID) Rules
The TRID rules were mandated by Dodd-Frank to address the problem of the sometimes duplicative and overlapping disclosures required by the Truth in Lending Act (TILA) and Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) involving consumer purpose, closed end loans secured by real property. The CFPB was tasked with developing the new disclosures, defining the regulatory compliance parameters, and implementation. The timing elements built around these new disclosures were established to provide the consumer with ample time to consider the credit transaction and its associated costs. The final rules were implemented by amending the Truth in Lending Act; however implementation proved to be difficult as this marked the first time in thirty years that these standard disclosures were changed. Much reliance was placed on third party providers to the financial institutions to make all the necessary changes to the disclosures. After one delay, the rules became effective October 3, 2015. The Corporation partnered with its loan document software providers to ensure timely, compliant implementation.
Department of Defense Military Lending Rule
In 2015, the U.S. Department of Defense issued a final rule which restricts pricing and terms of certain credit extended to active duty military personnel and their families. This rule, which was implemented effective October 3, 2016, caps the interest rate on certain credit extensions to an annual percentage rate of 36% and restricts other fees. The rule requires financial institutions to verify whether customers are military personnel subject to the rule. The impact of this final rule, and any subsequent amendments thereto, on the Corporation’s lending activities and the Corporation’s statements of income or condition has had little or no impact; however, management will continue to monitor the implementation of the rule for any potential side effects on the Corporation’s business.
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was signed into law. Among other changes, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act reduces the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The Corporation anticipates that this tax rate change should reduce its federal income tax liability in future years beginning with 2018. However, the Corporation did recognize certain effects of the tax law changes in 2017. U.S. generally accepted accounting principles require companies to re-value their deferred tax assets and liabilities as of the date of enactment, with resulting tax effects accounted for in the reporting period of enactment. Since the enactment took place in December 2017, the Corporation revalued its net deferred tax assets in the fourth quarter of 2017 resulting in an approximately $1.1 million reduction to earnings in 2017.
Cybersecurity
In March 2015, federal regulators issued two related statements regarding cybersecurity. One statement instructed financial institutions to design multiple layers of security controls to establish lines of defense and to ensure that their risk management practices cover the risk of compromised customer credentials, including security measures to reliably authenticate customers accessing internet-based services of the financial institution. The other statement indicates that a financial institution’s management is expected to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure the rapid recovery, resumption and maintenance of the institution’s operations after a cyber-attack involving malware. Financial institutions are expected to develop appropriate processes to enable recovery of
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data and business operations and address the rebuilding of network capabilities and restoring data if the institution or its critical service providers are victim to a cyber-attack. The Corporation could be subject to fines or penalties if it fails to observe this regulatory guidance. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for further discussion of risks related to cybersecurity.
Ongoing Legislation
As a consequence of the extensive regulation of the financial services industry and specifically commercial banking activities in the United States, the Corporation’s business is particularly susceptible to changes in federal and state legislation and regulations. Over the course of time, various federal and state proposals for legislation could result in additional regulatory and legal requirements for the Corporation. Management cannot predict if any such legislation will be adopted, or if adopted, how it would affect the business of the Corporation. Past history has demonstrated that new legislation or changes to existing legislation usually results in a heavier compliance burden and generally increases the cost of doing business.
Management believes that the effect of any current legislative proposals on the liquidity, capital resources and the results of operations of the Corporation and the Bank will be minimal. It is possible that there will be regulatory proposals which, if implemented, could have a material effect upon our liquidity, capital resources and results of operations. In addition, the general cost of compliance with numerous federal and state laws does have, and in the future may have, a negative impact on our results of operations. As with other banks, the status of the financial services industry can affect the Bank. Consolidations of institutions are expected to continue as the financial services industry seeks greater efficiencies and market share. Bank management believes that such consolidations may enhance the Bank’s competitive position as a community bank. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for more information.
Statistical Data
The statistical disclosures required by this item are incorporated by reference herein, from Item 6 on page 31 and the Consolidated Statements of Income on page 78 as found in this Form 10-K filing.
Available Information
A copy of the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K, as required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-1, may be obtained, without charge, from our website: www.enbfc.com or by request via e-mail to bharting@epnb.com. This information may also be obtained via written request to Mr. Barry W. Harting, Vice President and Corporate Secretary at ENB Financial Corp, 31 East Main Street, P.O. Box 457, Ephrata, PA, 17522.
The Corporation’s reports, proxy statements, and other information are available for inspection and copying at the SEC Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC, 20549 at prescribed rates. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. The Corporation is an electronic filer with the Commission. The Commission maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the Commission. The address of the Commission’s website is http://www.sec.gov.
An investment in the Corporation’s common stock is subject to risks inherent to the banking industry and the equity markets. The material risks and uncertainties that management believes affect the Corporation are described below. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this report. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing the Corporation. Additional risks and uncertainties that management is not aware of or is not focused on, or currently deems immaterial, may also impair the Corporation’s business operations. This report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors.
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If any of the following risks actually occur, the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. If this were to happen, the value of the Corporation’s common stock could decline significantly, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related To The Corporation’s Business
The Corporation Is Subject To Interest Rate Risk
The Corporation’s earnings and cash flows are largely dependent upon its net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income earned on interest earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense paid on interest bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowed funds. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond the Corporation’s control, including general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies, particularly, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, could influence not only the interest the Corporation receives on loans and securities, but also the amount of interest it pays on deposits and borrowings. Changes in interest rates could also affect:
| · | The Corporation’s ability to originate loans and obtain deposits |
| · | The fair value of the Corporation’s financial assets and liabilities |
| · | The average duration of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities |
| · | The future liquidity of the Corporation |
If the interest rates paid on deposits and other borrowings increase at a faster rate than the interest rates received on loans and other securities, the Corporation’s net interest income, and therefore earnings, could be adversely affected. Earnings could also be adversely affected if the interest rates received on loans and other securities fall more quickly than the interest rates paid on deposits and other borrowings.
Although management believes it has implemented effective asset and liability management strategies to reduce the potential effects of changes in interest rates on the Corporation’s results of operations, any substantial, unexpected, prolonged change in market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
The Corporation Is Subject To Lending Risk
There are inherent risks associated with the Corporation’s lending activities. These risks include, among other things, the impact of changes in interest rates and changes in the economic conditions in the markets where the Corporation operates, as well as those across the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the United States. Increases in interest rates and/or weakening economic conditions could adversely impact the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans or the value of the collateral securing these loans. The Corporation is also subject to various laws and regulations that affect its lending activities. Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could subject the Corporation to regulatory enforcement action that could result in the assessment of significant civil money penalties against the Corporation.
As of December 31, 2017, 43.7% of the Corporation’s loan portfolio consisted of commercial, industrial, and construction loans secured by real estate. Another 13.6% of the Corporation’s loan portfolio consisted of commercial loans not secured by real estate. These types of loans are generally viewed as having more risk of default than consumer real estate loans or other consumer loans. These types of loans are also typically larger than consumer real estate loans and other consumer loans. Because the Corporation’s loan portfolio contains a significant number of commercial and industrial, construction, and commercial real estate loans with relatively large balances, the deterioration of one or a few of these loans could cause a significant increase in non-performing loans. An increase in non-performing loans could result in a net loss of earnings from these loans, an increase in the provision for possible loan losses, and an increase in loan charge-offs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
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The Corporation’s Allowance For Possible Loan Losses May Be Insufficient
The Corporation maintains an allowance for possible loan losses, which is a reserve established through a provision for loan losses, charged to expense. The allowance represents management’s best estimate of expected losses inherent in the existing portfolio of loans. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for estimated loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. The level of the allowance reflects management’s continuing evaluation of industry concentrations, specific credit risks, loan loss experience, current loan portfolio quality, present economic, political, and regulatory conditions, and unidentified losses inherent in the current loan portfolio. Determining the appropriate level of the allowance for possible loan losses understandably involves a high degree of subjectivity and requires the Corporation to make significant estimates of current credit risks and future trends, all of which may undergo material changes. Changes in economic conditions affecting borrowers, new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans, and other factors, both within and outside of the Corporation’s control, may require an increase in the allowance for possible loan losses. In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically review the Corporation’s allowance for loan losses and may require an increase in the provision for possible loan losses or the recognition of further loan charge-offs, based on judgments different than those of management. In addition, if charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance for possible loan losses, the Corporation will need additional provisions to increase the allowance for possible loan losses. Any increases in the allowance for possible loan losses will result in a decrease in net income, and may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
The Basel III Capital Requirements May Require Us To Maintain Higher Levels Of Capital, Which Could Reduce Our Profitability
Basel III targets higher levels of base capital, certain capital buffers, and a migration toward common equity as the key source of regulatory capital. Although the new capital requirements are phased in over the next decade, Basel III signals a growing effort by domestic and international bank regulatory agencies to require financial institutions, including depository institutions, to maintain higher levels of capital. As Basel III is implemented, regulatory viewpoints could change and require additional capital to support our business risk profile. If the Corporation and the Bank are required to maintain higher levels of capital, the Corporation and the Bank may have fewer opportunities to invest capital into interest-earning assets, which could limit the profitable business operations available to the Corporation and the Bank and adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.
Future Credit Downgrades Of The United States Government Due To Issues Relating To Debt And The Deficit May Adversely Affect The Corporation
As a result of past difficulties of the federal government to reach agreement over federal debt and issues connected with the debt ceiling, certain rating agencies placed the United States Government’s long-term sovereign debt rating on their equivalent of negative watch and announced the possibility of a rating downgrade. The rating agencies, due to constraints related to the rating of the United States, also placed government-sponsored enterprises in which the Corporation invests and receives lines of credit on negative watch and a downgrade of the United States credit rating would trigger a similar downgrade in the credit rating of these government-sponsored enterprises. Furthermore, the credit rating of other entities, such as state and local governments, may also be downgraded should the United States credit rating be downgraded. Credit downgrades often cause a lower valuation of the Corporation’s securities.
The Corporation Is Subject To Environmental Liability Risk Associated With Lending Activities
A significant portion of the Corporation’s loan portfolio is secured by real property. During the ordinary course of business, the Corporation may foreclose on and take title to properties securing certain loans. In doing so, there is a risk that hazardous or toxic substances could be found on these properties. If hazardous or toxic substances are found, the Corporation may be liable for remediation costs, as well as for personal injury and property damage. Environmental laws may require the Corporation to incur substantial expenses and may materially reduce the affected property’s value or limit the Corporation’s ability to use or sell the affected property. In addition, future laws or more stringent interpretations or enforcement policies with respect to existing laws, may increase the Corporation’s exposure to environmental liability. Although the Corporation has policies and procedures to perform an environmental review before initiating any foreclosure action on real property, these reviews may not be sufficient to detect all potential environmental hazards. The remediation costs and any other financial liabilities associated with an environmental hazard could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
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If The Corporation Concludes That The Decline In Value Of Any Of Its Investment Securities Is Other Than Temporary, The Corporation is Required To Write Down The Value Of That Security Through A Charge To Earnings
The Corporation reviews the investment securities portfolio at each quarter-end reporting period to determine whether the fair value is below the current carrying value. When the fair value of any of the investment securities has declined below its carrying value, the Corporation is required to assess whether the decline is other than temporary. If it concludes that the decline is other than temporary, it is required to write down the value of that security through a charge to earnings. Changes in the expected cash flows of these securities and/or prolonged price declines have resulted and may result in concluding in future periods that there is additional impairment of these securities that is other than temporary, which would require a charge to earnings to write down these securities to their fair value. Due to the complexity of the calculations and assumptions used in determining whether an asset is impaired, the impairment disclosed may not accurately reflect the actual impairment in the future.
The Corporation’s Profitability Depends Significantly On Economic Conditions In The Commonwealth Of Pennsylvania And Its Market Area
The Corporation’s success depends primarily on the general economic conditions of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and more specifically, the local markets in which the Corporation operates. Unlike larger national or other regional banks that are more geographically diversified, the Corporation provides banking and financial services to customers primarily located in Lancaster County, as well as Berks, Chester, and Lebanon Counties. The local economic conditions in these areas have a significant impact on the demand for the Corporation’s products and services as well as the ability of the Corporation’s customers to repay loans, the value of the collateral securing loans, and the stability of the Corporation’s deposit funding sources. A significant decline in general economic conditions, caused by inflation, recession, acts of terrorism, outbreak of hostilities or other international or domestic occurrences, unemployment, changes in securities markets, or other factors could impact these local economic conditions and, in turn, have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
The Earnings Of Financial Services Companies Are Significantly Affected By General Business And Economic Conditions
The Corporation’s operations and profitability are impacted by general business and economic conditions in the United States and abroad. These conditions include short-term and long-term interest rates, inflation, money supply, political issues, legislative and regulatory changes, fluctuations in both debt and equity capital markets, broad trends in industry and finance, and the strength of the U.S. economy and the local economies in which the Corporation operates, all of which are beyond the Corporation’s control. Deterioration in economic conditions could result in an increase in loan delinquencies and non-performing assets, decreases in loan collateral values and a decrease in demand for the Corporation’s products and services, among other things, any of which could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
The Corporation Operates In A Highly Competitive Industry And Market Area
The Corporation faces substantial competition in all areas of its operations from a variety of different competitors, many of which are larger and may have more financial resources. Such competitors primarily include national, regional, and community banks within the various markets in which the Corporation operates. Additionally, various out-of-state banks have begun to enter or have announced plans to enter the market areas in which the Corporation currently operates. The Corporation also faces competition from many other types of financial institutions, including, without limitation, online banks, savings and loans, credit unions, finance companies, brokerage firms, insurance companies, and other financial intermediaries. The financial services industry could become even more competitive as a result of legislative, regulatory and technological changes, and continued consolidation. Banks, securities firms, and insurance companies can merge under the umbrella of a financial holding company, which can offer virtually any type of financial service, including banking, securities underwriting, insurance (both agency and underwriting), and merchant banking. Also, technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for non-banks to offer products and services traditionally provided by banks, such as automatic transfer and automatic payment systems. Many of the Corporation’s competitors have fewer regulatory constraints and may have lower cost structures. Additionally, due to their size, many competitors may be able to achieve economies of scale and, as a result, may offer a broader range of products and services as well as better pricing for those products and services than the Corporation can offer.
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The Corporation’s ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including, among other things:
| · | The ability to develop, maintain, and build upon long-term customer relationships based on quality service, high ethical standards, and safe, sound management practices |
| · | The ability to expand the Corporation’s market position |
| · | The scope, relevance, and pricing of products and services offered to meet customer needs and demands |
| · | The rate at which the Corporation introduces new products and services relative to its competitors |
| · | Customer satisfaction with the Corporation’s level of service |
| · | Industry and general economic trends |
Failure to perform in any of these areas could significantly weaken the Corporation’s competitive position, which could adversely affect the Corporation’s growth and profitability and have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
The Corporation Is Subject To Extensive Government Regulation And Supervision
The Corporation is subject to extensive federal and state regulation and supervision. Banking regulations are primarily intended to protect depositors’ funds, federal deposit insurance funds, and the banking system as a whole, not shareholders. These regulations affect the Corporation’s lending practices, capital structure, investment practices, dividend policy, and growth, among other things. Congress and federal regulatory agencies continually review banking laws, regulations, and policies for possible changes. Changes to statutes, regulations, or regulatory policies, including changes in interpretation or implementation of statutes, regulations, or policies, could affect the Corporation in substantial and unpredictable ways. Such changes could subject the Corporation to additional costs, limit the types of financial services and products the Corporation may offer, and/or increase the ability of non-banks to offer competing financial services and products, among other things. Failure to comply with laws, regulations, or policies could result in sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil money penalties, and/or reputation damage, which could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, financial condition, and results of operations. While the Corporation has policies and procedures designed to prevent any such violations, there can be no assurance that such violations will not occur.
Future Governmental Regulation And Legislation Could Limit The Corporation’s Future Growth
The Corporation is a registered bank holding company, and its subsidiary bank is a depository institution whose deposits are insured by the FDIC. As a result, the Corporation is subject to various regulations and examinations by various regulatory authorities. In general, statutes establish the corporate governance and eligible business activities for the Corporation, certain acquisition and merger restrictions, limitations on inter-company transactions such as loans and dividends, capital adequacy requirements, requirements for anti-money laundering programs and other compliance matters, among other regulations. The Corporation is extensively regulated under federal and state banking laws and regulations that are intended primarily for the protection of depositors, federal deposit insurance funds and the banking system as a whole. Compliance with these statutes and regulations is important to the Corporation’s ability to engage in new activities and consummate additional acquisitions.
In addition, the Corporation is subject to changes in federal and state tax laws as well as changes in banking and credit regulations, accounting principles and governmental economic and monetary policies. The Corporation cannot predict whether any of these changes may adversely and materially affect it. Federal and state banking regulators also possess broad powers to take supervisory actions as they deem appropriate. These supervisory actions may result in higher capital requirements, higher insurance premiums and limitations on the Corporation’s activities that could have a material adverse effect on its business and profitability. While these statutes are generally designed to minimize potential loss to depositors and the FDIC insurance funds, they do not eliminate risk, and compliance with such statutes increases the Corporation’s expense, requires management’s attention and can be a disadvantage from a competitive standpoint with respect to non-regulated competitors.
The Regulatory Environment For The Financial Services Industry Is Being Significantly Impacted By Financial Regulatory Reform Initiatives In The United States And Elsewhere, Including Dodd-Frank And Regulations Promulgated To Implement It
Dodd-Frank, which was signed into law on July 21, 2010, comprehensively reforms the regulation of financial institutions, products and services. Dodd-Frank requires various federal regulatory agencies to implement numerous rules and regulations. Because the federal agencies are granted broad discretion in drafting these rules and regulations, many of the details and the impact of Dodd-Frank may not be known for many months or years.
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While much of how the Dodd-Frank and other financial industry reforms will change our current business operations depends on the specific regulatory reforms and interpretations, many of which have yet to be released or finalized, it is clear that the reforms, both under Dodd-Frank and otherwise, will have a significant effect on our entire industry. Although Dodd-Frank and other reforms will affect a number of the areas in which we do business, it is not clear at this time the full extent of the adjustments that will be required and the extent to which we will be able to adjust our businesses in response to the requirements. Although it is difficult to predict the magnitude and extent of these effects at this stage, we believe compliance with Dodd-Frank and implementing its regulations and initiatives will negatively impact revenue and increase the cost of doing business, both in terms of transition expenses and on an ongoing basis, and it may also limit our ability to pursue certain business opportunities.
Federal Income Tax Reform Could Have Unforeseen Effects on Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law H.R. 1, originally known as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.” The Corporation is still in the process of analyzing the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and its possible effects on the Corporation. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act includes a number of provisions, including the lowering of the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent, effective January 1, 2018. There are also provisions that may partially offset the benefit of such rate reduction. Financial statement impacts include adjustments for, among other things, the re-measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities. While there are benefits, there is also substantial uncertainty regarding the details of U.S. Tax Reform. The intended and unintended consequences of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on our business and on holders of our common shares is uncertain and could be adverse. The Corporation anticipates that the impact of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act may be material to our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Corporation’s Banking Subsidiary May Be Required To Pay Higher FDIC Insurance Premiums Or Special Assessments Which May Adversely Affect Its Earnings
Future bank failures may prompt the FDIC to increase its premiums above the current levels or to issue special assessments. The Corporation generally is unable to control the amount of premiums or special assessments that its subsidiary is required to pay for FDIC insurance. Any future changes in the calculation or assessment of FDIC insurance premiums may have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s results of operations, financial condition, and the ability to continue to pay dividends on common stock at the current rate or at all.
The Corporation’s Controls And Procedures May Fail Or Be Circumvented
Management regularly reviews and updates the Corporation’s internal controls, disclosure controls and procedures, and corporate governance policies and procedures. Any system of controls, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met. Any failure or circumvention of the Corporation’s controls and procedures or failure to comply with regulations related to controls and procedures could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, results of operations, and financial condition.
New Lines Of Business Or New Products And Services May Subject The Corporation To Additional Risks
From time to time, the Corporation may implement new lines of business or offer new products and services within existing lines of business. There are substantial risks and uncertainties associated with these efforts, particularly in instances where the markets are not fully developed. In developing and marketing new lines of business and/or new products and services, the Corporation may invest significant time and resources. Initial timetables for the introduction and development of new lines of business and/or new products or services may not be achieved and price and profitability targets may not prove feasible. External factors, such as compliance with regulations, competitive alternatives, and shifting market preferences, may also impact the successful implementation of a new line of business or a new product or service. Furthermore, any new line of business and/or new product or service could have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the Corporation’s system of internal controls. Failure to successfully manage these risks in the development and implementation of new lines of business or new products or services could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, results of operations, and financial condition.
The Corporation’s Ability To Pay Dividends Depends On Earnings And Is Subject To Regulatory Limits
The Corporation’s ability to pay dividends is also subject to its profitability, financial condition, capital expenditures, and other cash flow requirements. Dividend payments are subject to legal and regulatory limitations, generally based on net profits and retained earnings, imposed by the various banking regulatory agencies. There is no assurance that the Corporation will have sufficient earnings to be able to pay dividends or generate adequate cash
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flow to pay dividends in the future. The Corporation’s failure to pay dividends on its common stock could have a material adverse effect on the market price of its common stock.
Future Acquisitions May Disrupt The Corporation’s Business And Dilute Stockholder Value
The Corporation may use its common stock to acquire other companies or make investments in corporations and other complementary businesses. The Corporation may issue additional shares of common stock to pay for future acquisitions, which would dilute the ownership interest of current shareholders of the Corporation. Future business acquisitions could be material to the Corporation, and the degree of success achieved in acquiring and integrating these businesses into the Corporation could have a material effect on the value of the Corporation’s common stock. In addition, any acquisition could require the Corporation to use substantial cash or other liquid assets or to incur debt. In those events, the Corporation could become more susceptible to economic downturns and competitive pressures.
The Corporation May Need To Or Be Required To Raise Additional Capital In The Future, And Capital May Not Be Available When Needed And On Terms Favorable To Current Shareholders
Federal banking regulators require the Corporation and its subsidiary bank to maintain adequate levels of capital to support their operations. These capital levels are determined and dictated by law, regulation, and banking regulatory agencies. In addition, capital levels are also determined by the Corporation’s management and board of directors based on capital levels that they believe are necessary to support the Corporation’s business operations.
If the Corporation raises capital through the issuance of additional shares of its common stock or other securities, it would likely dilute the ownership interests of current investors and could dilute the per share book value and earnings per share of its common stock. Furthermore, a capital raise through issuance of additional shares may have an adverse impact on the Corporation’s stock price. New investors also may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to the Corporation’s current shareholders, which may adversely impact its current shareholders. The Corporation’s ability to raise additional capital will depend on conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside of its control, and on its financial performance. Accordingly, the Corporation cannot be certain of its ability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms and acceptable time frames or to raise additional capital at all. If the Corporation cannot raise additional capital in sufficient amounts when needed, its ability to comply with regulatory capital requirements could be materially impaired. Additionally, the inability to raise capital in sufficient amounts may adversely affect the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
The Corporation May Not Be Able To Attract And Retain Skilled People
The Corporation’s success highly depends on its ability to attract and retain key people. Competition for the best people in most activities engaged in by the Corporation can be intense and the Corporation may not be able to hire people or to retain them. The unexpected loss of services of one or more of the Corporation’s key personnel could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s business because of their skills, knowledge of the Corporation’s market, years of industry experience, and the difficulty of promptly finding qualified replacement personnel. The Corporation does not currently have employment agreements or non-competition agreements with any of its senior officers.
The Corporation’s Information Systems May Experience An Interruption Or Breach In Security
The Corporation relies heavily on communications and information systems to conduct its business. Any failure, interruption, or breach in security of these systems could result in failures or disruptions in the Corporation’s customer relationship management, general ledger, deposit, loan, and other systems. While the Corporation has policies and procedures designed to prevent or limit the effect of the failure, interruption, or security breach of its information systems, there can be no assurance that any such failures, interruptions, or security breaches will not occur or, if they do occur, that they will be adequately addressed. Further, while the Corporation maintains insurance coverage that may, subject to policy terms and conditions including significant self-insured deductibles, cover certain aspects of cyber risks, such insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all losses. The occurrence of any failures, interruptions, or security breaches of the Corporation’s information systems could damage the Corporation’s reputation, adversely affecting customer or consumer confidence, result in a loss of customer business, subject the Corporation to additional regulatory scrutiny and possible regulatory penalties, or expose the Corporation to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
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The Corporation Continually Encounters Technological Change
The financial services industry is continually undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better serve customers and to reduce costs. The Corporation’s future success depends, in part, upon its ability to address the needs of its customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in the Corporation’s operations. Many of the Corporation’s competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. The Corporation may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to its customers. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The Corporation’s Operations Of Its Business, Including Its Interaction With Customers, Are Increasingly Done Via Electronic Means, And This Has Increased Its Risks Related To Cyber Security
The Corporation is exposed to the risk of cyber-attacks in the normal course of business. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. The Corporation has observed an increased level of attention in the industry focused on cyber-attacks that include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. To combat against these attacks, policies and procedures are in place to prevent or limit the effect on the possible security breach of its information systems. While the Corporation maintains insurance coverage that may, subject to policy terms and conditions including significant self-insured deductibles, cover certain aspects of cyber risks, such insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all losses. While the Corporation has not incurred any material losses related to cyber-attacks, nor is it aware of any specific or threatened cyber-incidents as of the date of this report, it may incur substantial costs and suffer other negative consequences if it falls victim to successful cyber-attacks. Such negative consequences could include remediation costs that may include liability for stolen assets or information and repairing system damage that may have been caused; deploying additional personnel and protection technologies, training employees, and engaging third party experts and consultants; lost revenues resulting from unauthorized use of proprietary information or the failure to retain or attract customers following an attack; disruption or failures of physical infrastructure, operating systems or networks that support our business and customers resulting in the loss of customers and business opportunities; additional regulatory scrutiny and possible regulatory penalties; litigation; and reputational damage adversely affecting customer or investor confidence.
The Increasing Use Of Social Media Platforms Presents New Risks And Challenges And Our Inability Or Failure To Recognize, Respond To And Effectively Manage The Accelerated Impact Of Social Media Could Materially Adversely Impact Our Business
There has been a marked increase in the use of social media platforms, including weblogs (blogs), social media websites, and other forms of Internet-based communications which allow individuals access to a broad audience of consumers and other interested persons. Social media practices in the banking industry are evolving, which creates uncertainty and risk of noncompliance with regulations applicable to our business. Consumers value readily available information concerning businesses and their goods and services and often act on such information without further investigation and without regard to its accuracy. Many social media platforms immediately publish the content their subscribers and participants post, often without filters or checks on accuracy of the content posted. Information posted on such platforms at any time may be adverse to our interests and/or may be inaccurate. The dissemination of information online could harm our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations, regardless of the information’s accuracy. The harm may be immediate without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction.
Other risks associated with the use of social media include improper disclosure of proprietary information, negative comments about our business, exposure of personally identifiable information, fraud, out-of-date information, and improper use by employees and customers. The inappropriate use of social media by our customers or employees could result in negative consequences including remediation costs including training for employees, additional regulatory scrutiny and possible regulatory penalties, litigation or negative publicity that could damage our reputation adversely affecting customer or investor confidence.
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The Corporation Is Subject To Claims And Litigation Pertaining To Fiduciary Responsibility
From time to time, customers make claims and take legal action pertaining to the Corporation’s performance of its fiduciary responsibilities. Whether customer claims and legal action related to the Corporation’s performance of its fiduciary responsibilities are founded or unfounded, if such claims and legal actions are not resolved in a manner favorable to the Corporation, they may result in significant financial liability and/or adversely affect the market perception of the Corporation and its products and services as well as impact customer demand for those products and services. Any financial liability or reputation damage could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Financial Services Companies Depend On The Accuracy And Completeness Of Information About Customers And Counterparties
In deciding whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions, the Corporation may rely on information furnished by, or on behalf of, customers and counterparties, including financial statements, credit reports, and other financial information. The Corporation may also rely on representations of those customers, counterparties, or other third parties, such as independent auditors, as to the accuracy and completeness of that information. Reliance on inaccurate or misleading financial statements, credit reports, or other financial information could have a material adverse impact on the Corporation’s business and, in turn, the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
Consumers May Decide Not To Use Banks To Complete Their Financial Transactions
Technology and other changes are allowing parties to complete financial transactions that historically have involved banks through alternative methods. For example, consumers can now maintain funds that would have historically been held as bank deposits in brokerage accounts or mutual funds. Consumers can also complete transactions such as paying bills and/or transferring funds directly without the assistance of banks. The process of eliminating banks as intermediaries, known as “disintermediation,” could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated from those deposits. The loss of these revenue streams and the lower cost deposits as a source of funds could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.
A Change In Control Of The United States Government And Issues Relating To Debt And The Deficit May Adversely Affect The Corporation
The Republican Party gaining controlling of the White House, as well as the Republican Party maintaining or losing control of both the House of Representatives and Senate of the United States in future elections, could result in significant changes (or uncertainty) in governmental policies, regulatory environments, spending sentiment and many other factors and conditions, some of which could adversely impact the Corporation’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Other Events
Natural Disasters, Acts Of War Or Terrorism, and Other External Events Could Significantly Impact The Corporation’s Business
Severe weather, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, and other adverse external events could have a significant impact on the Corporation’s ability to conduct business. Such events could affect the stability of the Corporation’s deposit base; impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans, impair the value of collateral securing loans, cause significant property damage, result in loss of revenue, and/or cause the Corporation to incur additional expenses. Severe weather or natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, or other adverse external events, may occur in the future. Although management has established disaster recovery policies and procedures, the occurrence of any such event could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Risks Associated With The Corporation’s Common Stock
The Corporation’s Stock Price Can Be Volatile
Stock price volatility may make it more difficult for shareholders to resell their shares of common stock when they desire and at prices they find attractive. The Corporation’s stock price can fluctuate significantly in response to a variety of factors including, among other things:
| • | Actual or anticipated variations in quarterly results of operations | ||
| • | Recommendations by securities analysts |
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| • | Operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to the Corporation | ||
| • | News reports relating to trends, concerns, and other issues in the financial services industry | ||
| • | Perceptions in the marketplace regarding the Corporation and/or its competitors | ||
| • | New technology used, or services offered, by competitors | ||
| • | Significant acquisitions or business combinations, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments by, or involving, the Corporation or its competitors | ||
| • | Changes in government regulations | ||
| • |
Geopolitical conditions such as acts or threats of terrorism or military conflicts
|
General market fluctuations, industry factors, and general economic and political conditions and events, such as economic slowdowns or recessions, interest rate changes, or credit loss trends, could also cause the Corporation’s stock price to decrease regardless of operating results.
The Trading Volume In The Corporation’s Common Stock Is Less Than That Of Other Larger Financial Services Companies
The Corporation’s common stock is listed for trading on the Over the Counter Bulletin Board (OTCBB) exchange. The trading volume in its common stock is a fraction of that of other larger financial services companies. A public trading market having the desired characteristics of depth, liquidity, and orderliness depends on the presence in the marketplace of willing buyers and sellers of the Corporation’s common stock at any given time. This presence depends on the individual decisions of investors and general economic and market conditions over which the Corporation has no control. Given the lower trading volume of the Corporation’s common stock, significant sales of the Corporation’s common stock, or the expectation of these sales, could cause the Corporation’s stock price to fall.
An Investment In The Corporation’s Common Stock Is Not An Insured Deposit
The Corporation’s common stock is not a bank deposit and, therefore, is not insured against loss by the FDIC, any other deposit insurance fund, or by any other public or private entity. Investment in the Corporation’s common stock is inherently risky for the reasons described in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this report and is subject to the same market forces that affect the price of common stock in any company. As a result, an investor in the Corporation’s common stock may lose some or all of their investment.
The Corporation’s Articles Of Association And Bylaws, As Well As Certain Banking Laws, May Have An Anti-Takeover Effect
Provisions of the Corporation’s articles of incorporation and bylaws, federal banking laws, including regulatory approval requirements, and the Corporation’s stock purchase rights plan, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire the Corporation, even if doing so would be perceived to be beneficial to the Corporation’s shareholders. The combination of these provisions effectively inhibits a non-negotiated merger or other business combination that could adversely affect the market price of the Corporation’s common stock.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None
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ENB Financial Corp’s headquarters and main office of Ephrata National Bank are located at 31 East Main Street, Ephrata, Pennsylvania.
Listed below are the office locations of properties owned or leased by the Corporation. No mortgages, liens, or encumbrances exist on any of the Corporation’s owned properties. As of December 31, 2017, the Corporation leased four properties.
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| Owned or | Location | Bldg | ||||
| Property Location | Leased | Acreage | Sq Ftg | |||
| Corporate Headquarters/Main Office | Owned | 0.50 | 42,539 | |||
| 31 East Main Street | ||||||
| Ephrata, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| ENB's Money Management Group | Owned | 0.17 | 11,156 | |||
| 47 East Main Street | ||||||
| Ephrata, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| Technology Center | Owned | 0.43 | 12,208 | |||
| 31 East Franklin Street | ||||||
| Ephrata, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| Administrative Offices | Leased | N/A | 5,867 | |||
| 124 East Main Street | ||||||
| Ephrata, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| Main Street Drive-In | Owned | 0.41 | 700 | |||
| 42 East Main Street | ||||||
| Ephrata, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| Cloister Office | Owned | 2.00 | 7,393 | |||
| 809 Martin Avenue | ||||||
| Ephrata, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| Hinkletown Office | Owned | 1.30 | 4,563 | |||
| 935 North Railroad Avenue | ||||||
| New Holland, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| Denver Office | Owned | 1.40 | 5,181 | |||
| 1 Main Street | ||||||
| Denver, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| Akron Office | Owned | 1.50 | 5,861 | |||
| 351 South 7th Street | ||||||
| Akron, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| Lititz Office | Owned | 3.53 | 5,555 | |||
| 3190 Lititz Pike | ||||||
| Lititz, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| Blue Ball Office | Owned | 2.27 | 5,900 | |||
| 110 Marble Avenue | ||||||
| East Earl, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| Manheim Office | Owned | 2.81 | 5,148 | |||
| 1 North Penryn Road | ||||||
| Manheim, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| Leola Office | Leased | N/A | 3,736 | |||
| 361 West Main Street | ||||||
| Leola, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| Myerstown Office | Owned | 2.07 | 4,426 | |||
| 615 East Lincoln Avenue | ||||||
| Myerstown, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| Morgantown Office | Owned | 0.52 | 3,520 | |||
| 6296 Morgantown Road | ||||||
| Morgantown, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| Georgetown Drive-Thru Office | Leased | N/A | 252 | |||
| 1298 Georgetown Road | ||||||
| Quarryville, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| Strasburg Temporary Office | Leased | N/A | 266 | |||
| 100 Historic Drive, Suite 117 | ||||||
| Strasburg, Pennsylvania | ||||||
| Strasburg Office | Owned | 1.86 | 3,712 | |||
| 60 Historic Drive | ||||||
| Strasburg, Pennsylvania |
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In addition to the above properties, the Corporation owns two other properties located in the Corporation’s Ephrata Main Street Campus. These properties were acquired in 2002, when a group of properties adjacent to and surrounding the Corporation’s Main Office was purchased. These two properties are being held for future use or possible sale. The other properties purchased in 2002 have been remodeled as office or operational space and are reflected in the offices shown above. The Corporation also owns a four acre parcel of land in Ephrata Borough that was converted from other real estate owned to Bank property as of December 31, 2011. The parcel is being evaluated for future expansion plans.
The nature of the Corporation’s business generates a certain amount of litigation involving matters arising in the ordinary course of business; however, in the opinion of management, there are no material proceedings pending to which the Corporation is a party to, or which would be material in relation to the Corporation’s undivided profits or financial condition. There are no proceedings pending other than ordinary routine litigation incident to the business of the Corporation. In addition, no material proceedings are pending, known to be threatened, or contemplated against the Corporation by governmental authorities.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures – Not Applicable
Part II
| Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |
The Corporation has only one class of stock authorized, issued, and outstanding, which consists of common stock with a par value of $0.20 per share. As of December 31, 2017, there were 12,000,000 shares of common stock authorized with 2,869,557 shares issued, and 2,849,823 shares outstanding to approximately 1,450 shareholders. The Corporation’s common stock is traded on a limited basis on the OTCBB under the symbol “ENBP.” Prices presented in the table below reflect high and low prices of actual transactions known to management. Prices and dividends per share are adjusted for stock splits. Market quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark up, mark down, or commission and may not reflect actual transactions.
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| High | Low | Dividend | High | Low | Dividend | |||||||||||||||||||
| First quarter | $ | 35.75 | $ | 33.90 | $ | 0.28 | $ | 32.80 | $ | 31.50 | $ | 0.27 | ||||||||||||
| Second quarter | 35.60 | 34.00 | 0.28 | 34.00 | 31.85 | 0.27 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Third quarter | 34.45 | 33.00 | 0.28 | 33.25 | 32.50 | 0.27 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fourth quarter | 34.45 | 32.75 | 0.28 | 34.40 | 32.90 | 0.28 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Source - SNL Financial LC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends
Since 1973, the Corporation has paid quarterly cash dividends on or around March 15, June 15, September 15, and December 15 of each year. The Corporation currently expects to continue the practice of paying quarterly cash dividends to its shareholders for the foreseeable future. However, future dividends are dependent upon future earnings. The dividend payments reflected above amount to a 41.1% and 50.2% dividend payout ratio for 2016 and 2017, respectively. The higher dividend payout ratio in 2017 was directly impacted by lower earnings as a result of the tax law changes that required a write-down of the valuation of deferred tax assets. The dividend payout ratio is only one element of management’s plan for managing capital. Certain laws restrict the amount of dividends that may be paid to shareholders in any given year. In addition, under Pennsylvania corporate law, the Corporation may not pay a dividend if, after issuing the dividend (1) the Corporation would be unable to pay its debts as they become due, or (2) the Corporation’s total assets would be less than its total liabilities plus the amount needed to satisfy any preferential rights of shareholders. In addition, as declared by the Board of Directors, Ephrata National Bank’s dividend restrictions apply indirectly to ENB Financial Corp because cash available for dividend distributions will
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initially come from dividends Ephrata National Bank pays to ENB Financial Corp. See Note M to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-K filing, for information that discusses and quantifies this regulatory restriction.
ENB Financial Corp offers its shareholders the convenience of a Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRP) and the direct deposit of cash dividends. The DRP gives shareholders registered with the Corporation the opportunity to have their quarterly dividends invested automatically in additional shares of the Corporation’s common stock. Shareholders who prefer a cash dividend may have their quarterly dividends deposited directly into a checking or savings account at their financial institution. For additional information on either program, contact the Corporation’s stock registrar and dividend paying agent, Computershare Shareholder Services, P.O. Box 30170, College Station, TX 77842-3170.
Purchases
The following table details the Corporation’s purchase of its own common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2017.
| Issuer Purchase of Equity Securites | ||||||||||||||||
| Total Number of | Maximum Number | |||||||||||||||
| Total Number | Average | Shares Purchased | of Shares that May | |||||||||||||
| of Shares | Price Paid | as Part of Publicly | Yet be Purchased | |||||||||||||
| Period | Purchased | Per Share | Announced Plans * | Under the Plan * | ||||||||||||
| October 2017 | 3,000 | $ | 33.25 | 3,000 | 97,365 | |||||||||||
| November 2017 | — | — | — | 97,365 | ||||||||||||
| December 2017 | — | — | — | 97,365 | ||||||||||||
| Total | 3,000 | |||||||||||||||
* On June 17, 2015, the Board of Directors of ENB Financial Corp announced the approval of a plan to purchase, in open market and privately negotiated transactions, up to 140,000 shares of its outstanding common stock. Shares repurchased are being held as treasury shares to be utilized in connection with the Corporation’s three stock purchase plans. The first purchase of common stock under this plan occurred on July 31, 2015. By December 31, 2017, a total of 42,635 shares were repurchased at a total cost of $1,430,000, for an average cost per share of $33.54. Management may choose to repurchase additional shares in 2018 under this plan.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities and Equity Compensation Plan
The Corporation does not have an equity compensation plan and has not sold any unregistered securities.
Shareholder Performance Graph
Set forth below is a line graph comparing the yearly change in the cumulative total shareholder return on ENB Financial Corp’s common stock against the cumulative total return of the Russell 2000 Index, the Mid-Atlantic Custom Peer Group Index, and the SNL Small Cap Bank Index for the period of five fiscal years commencing December 31, 2012, and ending December 31, 2017. The graph shows that the cumulative investment return to shareholders, based on the assumption that a $100 investment was made on December 31, 2012, in each of the following: the Corporation’s common stock, the Russell 2000 Index, the Mid-Atlantic Custom Peer Group Index, and the SNL Small Cap Bank Index and that all dividends were reinvested in those securities over the past five years, the cumulative total return on such investment would be $147.94, $193.58, $181.22, and $239.41, respectively. The shareholder return shown on the graph below is not necessarily indicative of future performance.
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| Period Ending | ||||||
| Index | 12/31/12 | 12/31/13 | 12/31/14 | 12/31/15 | 12/31/16 | 12/31/17 |
| ENB Financial Corp | 100.00 | 113.32 | 125.23 | 131.43 | 143.81 | 147.94 |
| Russell 2000 | 100.00 | 138.82 | 145.62 | 139.19 | 168.85 | 193.58 |
| Mid-Atlantic Custom Peer Group* | 100.00 | 114.23 | 123.62 | 132.74 | 148.20 | 181.22 |
| SNL Small Bank | 100.00 | 139.47 | 147.01 | 161.00 | 228.27 | 239.41 |
*Mid-Atlantic Custom Peer Group consists of 84 commercial banks located in the Mid-Atlantic states of Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, and Washington D.C. The largest bank in this peer group had assets of $997 million and the smallest had assets of $104 million.
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Item 6 - Selected Financial Data
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
The selected financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with the Corporation's financial statements and their accompanying notes presented elsewhere herein.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis represents management’s view of the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and other financial schedules included in this annual report. The financial condition and results of operations presented are not indicative of future performance.
Results of Operations
Overview
The Corporation recorded net income of $6,344,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a 16.0% decrease from the $7,553,000 earned during the same period in 2016. The 2016 net income was 9.3% higher than the 2015 net income of $6,910,000. Earnings per share, basic and diluted, were $2.23 in 2017, compared to $2.65 in 2016, and $2.42 in 2015.
The decrease in the Corporation’s 2017 earnings was caused primarily by a deferred tax asset devaluation of $1.1 million as a result of a lower corporate tax rate. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act lowered the corporate tax rate from 34% to 21%, which is expected to lower the Corporation’s provision for Federal income taxes in future years. However, the Corporation was required to write down the value of its net deferred tax assets by $1.1 million as of December 31, 2017.
Net interest income accounts for nearly 75% of the gross income stream of the Corporation. Net interest income increased by $4.9 million, or 19.3%, compared to an increase of $2.2 million, or 9.5% in 2016. During 2016, there was non-recurring security amortization recorded in the amount of $1.7 million as a result of accelerated amortization on bonds issued by two U.S. sub-agencies. CoBank and AgriBank, sub-agencies of the Federal Farm Credit Bureau, a primary U.S. government sponsored enterprise, exercised an unusual regulatory call feature to call bonds at par two years and three years respectively, prior to their maturity dates. The Corporation owned both CoBank and AgriBank agency high coupon instruments at high premium prices, which exposed the bonds to accelerated amortization given a shorter call date. When notification was received on March 11, 2016 for the CoBank bonds and on April 26, 2016 for the AgriBank bonds, management had to accelerate the amortization of the premium to the much earlier call dates of April 15, 2016 and July 15, 2016, respectively. This caused management to expense an additional $1.7 million of amortization to the later July 15, 2016 call date than would have been experienced had the bond premiums continued to amortize to the original maturity dates. There was no accelerated amortization recorded in 2017, therefore the $1.7 million reduction in amortization expense was primarily responsible for the $2.7 million increase in interest on securities available for sale and partially contributed to the larger $4.9 million increase in net interest income. The Corporation’s net interest margin increased in 2017 to 3.46% from 3.12% in 2016, driven primarily by increases in asset yield and smaller decreases in funding costs. Loan yields increased as a result of three Federal Reserve rate moves in 2017, lifting the yields on the Corporation’s variable rate loans. This coupled with volume growth in the loan portfolio, increased loan interest income by $1.7 million, or 7.7%.
The Corporation’s non-interest income decreased by $823,000, or 7.4%, from 2016 to 2017. Gains on securities transactions were only $675,000 in 2017, compared to $2,370,000 in 2016, resulting in the lower non-interest income. Gains on the sale of mortgages were up by $203,000, or 13.4%, and all other areas of non-interest income were up in total by $669,000, or 9.2%, from 2016 to 2017.
The financial services industry uses two primary performance measurements to gauge performance: return on average assets (ROA) and return on average equity (ROE). ROA measures how efficiently a bank generates income based on the amount of assets or size of a company. ROE measures the efficiency of a company in generating income based on the amount of equity or capital utilized. The latter measurement typically receives more attention from shareholders. The Corporation’s 2017 ROA was 0.63%, compared to 0.80% in 2016; ROE decreased from 7.74% in 2016 to 6.46% in 2017. The decrease in ROA and ROE was primarily due to higher operational expenses, a decline in securities gains, and higher provision for loan losses. The impact of these three declines in corporate income overshadowed a $4,891,000, or 19.3% increase, in net interest income, causing a $224,000, or 2.5% decline in pre-tax income. Additionally, because of the year-end deferred tax asset write-down of $1,132,000, the Corporation recognized $985,000 more provision for income taxes than was expensed in 2016. The $224,000 decline in pre-tax income with $985,000 more tax expense caused the Corporation’s net income to be down by $1,209,000, or 16.0%.
32
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Excluding the impact of the change in the corporate tax rate, the Corporation’s earnings would have been $7,476,000 (non-GAAP), which would have produced an ROA of 0.75% and an ROE of 7.61%.
The below table highlights the Corporation’s key performance ratios for the years ended 2017, 2016, and 2015.
Key Performance Ratios
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | |||||||||||||
| Excluding | ||||||||||||||||
| Change in Corp | ||||||||||||||||
| Tax Rate (1) | ||||||||||||||||
| Return on Average Assets | 0.63% | 0.75% | 0.80% | 0.79% | ||||||||||||
| Return on Average Equity | 6.46% | 7.61% | 7.74% | 7.38% | ||||||||||||
(1) Represents a non-GAAP financial measurement
The results of the Corporation’s operations are best explained by addressing in further detail the five major sections of the income statement, which are as follows:
| · | Net interest income |
| · | Provision for loan losses |
| · | Other income |
| · | Operating expenses |
| · | Income taxes |
The following discussion analyzes each of these five components.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income (NII) represents the largest portion of the Corporation’s operating income. In 2017, NII generated 74.5% of the Corporation’s gross revenue stream, compared to 69.4% in 2016, and 69.7% in 2015. Since NII comprises a significant portion of the operating income, the direction and rate of increase or decrease will often indicate the overall performance of the Corporation.
The following table shows a summary analysis of NII on a fully taxable equivalent (FTE) basis. For analytical purposes and throughout this discussion, yields, rates, and measurements such as NII, net interest spread, and net yield on interest earning assets, are presented on an FTE basis. This differs from the NII reflected on the Corporation’s Consolidated Statements of Income, where the NII is simply the interest earned on loans and securities less the interest paid on deposits and borrowings. By calculating the NII on an FTE basis, the added benefit of having tax-free loans and securities is factored in to more accurately represent what the Corporation earns through the NII. The FTE adjustment shows the benefit these loans and securities bring in a dollar amount because the Corporation does not pay tax on the income they generate. As a result, the FTE NII shown in both tables below will exceed the NII reported on the consolidated statements of income. The amount of FTE adjustment totaled $2,343,000 for 2017, $2,151,000 for 2016, and $1,859,000 for 2015.
33
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Net Interest Income
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Year ended | ||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Total interest income | 33,117 | 28,341 | 26,842 | |||||||||
| Total interest expense | 2,938 | 3,054 | 3,744 | |||||||||
| Net interest income | 30,179 | 25,287 | 23,098 | |||||||||
| Tax equivalent adjustment | 2,341 | 2,151 | 1,859 | |||||||||
| Net interest income | ||||||||||||
| (fully taxable equivalent) | 32,520 | 27,438 | 24,957 | |||||||||
NII is the difference between interest income earned on assets and interest expense incurred on liabilities. Accordingly, two factors affect NII:
| · | The rates charged on interest earning assets and paid on interest bearing liabilities |
| · | The average balance of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities |
The Federal funds rate, the Prime rate, the shape of the U.S. Treasury curve, and other wholesale funding curves, all affect NII. The Federal Reserve controls the Federal funds rate, which is one of a number of tools available to the Federal Reserve to conduct monetary policy. The Federal funds rate, and guidance on when the rate might be changed, is often the focal point of discussion regarding the direction of interest rates. Until December 16, 2015, the Federal funds rate had not changed since December 16, 2008. On December 16, 2015, the Federal funds rate was increased 25 basis points to 0.50%, from 0.25%. Then again, on December 14, 2016, the Federal funds rate was increased another 25 basis points to 0.75%. The Federal funds rate was increased by 25 basis points three additional times during 2017 on March 15, June 14, and December 13, 2017, taking the rate to 1.50% by December 31, 2017. Prior to December of 2015, the period of seven years with extremely low and unchanged overnight rates was the lowest and longest in U.S. history. The impact was a lower net interest margin to the Corporation and generally across the financial industry. The increases since December of 2015 resulted in higher short-term U.S. Treasury rates, but not significantly higher long-term U.S. Treasury rates, resulting in a flattening of the yield curve. It was only during the fourth quarter of 2016 that long-term rates saw an increase, but then with three more Federal Reserve rate increases in 2017, the yield curve saw further flattening. Long-term rates like the ten-year U.S. Treasury were 210 basis points under the 4.50% Prime rate as of December 31, 2017. Long-term Treasury rates did see some increases in the very beginning of 2018 likely leading up to Fed action as early as March 2018, which would further increase short-term rates. Management anticipates at least two 0.25% Federal Reserve rate increases in 2018. A third 0.25% Federal Reserve rate increase could be possible mirroring what was experienced in 2017. It remains to be seen whether mid and long-term U.S. Treasury rates will also increase to the same degree that the Federal Reserve will likely move the overnight Federal Funds rate. If they do not, the yield curve would flatten further making it harder for the Corporation to increase asset yield.
The Prime rate is generally used by commercial banks to extend variable rate loans to business and commercial customers. For many years, the Prime rate has been set at 300 basis points, or 3.00% higher, than the Federal funds rate and typically moves when the Federal funds rate changes. As such, the Prime rate increased from 3.25% to 3.50% on December 16, 2015, from 3.50% to 3.75% on December 14, 2016, and ultimately to 4.50% after three rate movements in 2017, March, June, and December. The Corporation’s Prime-based loans generally reprice a day after the Federal Reserve rate movement.
As a result of the Federal Reserve rate increases, the Corporation’s NII on a tax equivalent basis began to increase in 2017 with the Corporation’s margin increasing to 3.46% for the year, compared to 3.12% in 2016. The Corporation’s NII for 2017 increased substantially over 2016, by $4,891,000, or 19.3%, with the margin increasing to 3.46%. However, there was non-recurring security amortization of $1,681,000 recorded in 2016, which had a negative impact on NII and margin. Without this impact, NII would have increased by $3,210,000, or 11.9%, in 2017 compared to 2016. Management’s asset liability sensitivity measurements continue to show a benefit to both margin and NII given further Federal Reserve rate increases. Actual results over the past year have confirmed the asset sensitivity of the Corporation’s balance sheet. Management expects that any Federal Reserve rate increases in 2018 would further improve both margin and NII.
34
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
The extended extremely low Federal funds rate has enabled management to reduce the cost of funds on overnight borrowings and allowed lower interest rates paid on deposits, reducing the Corporation’s interest expense. It was only after the third 25-basis point Fed rate increase in March of 2017 that the Corporation raised some deposit rates minimally. While the low Prime rate reduced the yield on the Corporation’s loans for many years, the rate increases through December of 2017 did act to boost interest income and help improve the Corporation’s margin. With a higher Prime rate and elevated Treasury rates, higher asset yields should be possible throughout 2018. Due to the increasing number of variable rate loans in the Corporation’s loan portfolio, the 25 basis point increase in the Prime rate at the end of 2015, 2016, and in March, June, and December of 2017, did cause NII to increase progressively.
Security yields will generally fluctuate more rapidly than loan yields based on changes to the U.S. Treasury rates and yield curve. With higher Treasury rates in 2017 compared to 2016, security reinvestment has been occurring at slightly higher yields and amortization has slowed resulting in higher yields. The Corporation’s loan yield has begun to increase as the variable rate portion of the loan portfolio is repricing higher with each Federal Reserve rate movement. The vast majority of the Corporation’s commercial Prime-based loans are priced at the Prime rate, currently at 4.50%. The pricing for the most typical five-year fixed rate commercial loans is currently very similar to the Prime rate. Previously, any increases in variable rate loans acted to bring down overall loan yield. Now with the rates being very similar it is much more beneficial to the Corporation to grow the variable rate loans in a period of rising rates. An element of the Corporation’s Prime-based commercial loans is priced above the Prime rate based on the level of credit risk of the borrower. Management does price a portion of consumer variable rate loans above the Prime rate, which also helps to improve loan yield. Both commercial and consumer Prime-based pricing continues to be driven largely by local competition.
Mid-term and long-term interest rates on average were higher in 2017 compared to 2016. The average rate of the 10-year U.S. Treasury was 2.33% in 2017 compared to 1.84% in 2016, and it stood at 2.40% on December 31, 2017, compared to 2.45% at December 31, 2016. The slope of the yield curve has been compressed throughout most of 2016 and 2017, with a difference of 90 basis points between the Fed Funds rate of 1.50% and the 10-year U.S. Treasury as of December 31, 2017, compared to 170 basis points as of December 31, 2016. The slope of the yield curve has fluctuated many times in the past two years with the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield as high as 2.62% in 2017 and 2.60% in 2016, and as low as 2.05% in 2017 and 1.37% in 2016. Because the yield curve is still relatively flat, management was not able to increase loan rates to improve yield, but security yields have improved as a result of slightly higher investment rates and lower amortization on existing bonds. The non-recurring sub-agency amortization of $1,681,000 for the year-to-date period in 2016, negatively affected security yield resulting in artificially low yields during 2016 and higher yields during 2017. With higher long-term rates in 2018 and the likelihood of further Fed rate increases, the Corporation’s asset yield is projected to increase throughout 2018.
While it is becoming increasingly difficult to achieve savings on the Corporation’s overall cost of funds, the Corporation has been able to maintain relatively low offering rates on longer-term time deposits. These interest rates are still below the interest rates that existed four or five years ago. Rollover of these longer time deposits to lower rates has caused a slight decrease in interest expense from 2016 to 2017. Generally, it was the longer-term time deposits repricing at lower rates that helped to achieve interest expense reductions on total deposits, as the savings account rate has not changed, and there were very limited rate increases for select interest bearing demand deposit accounts. It is anticipated that deposit interest rate increases may need to be implemented beginning in early 2018. Management selectively repriced some time deposit rates higher after the March 2017 Federal Reserve rate increase, but the time deposits repricing to lower rates offset any increased interest expense for those that were selectively priced higher. Borrowing costs, and the wholesale borrowing curves that they are based on, generally follow the direction and slope of the U.S. Treasury curve. However, these curves can be quicker to rise and slower to fall as the providers of these funds seek to protect themselves from rate movements. The Corporation was able to refinance some borrowings at lower rates in 2016 but lower-priced borrowings matured in 2017 with no ability to refinance at lower rates, so the yield on borrowings increased slightly during 2017 and will likely continue to do so moving into 2018.
Management currently anticipates that the overnight interest rate and Prime rate will remain at the current levels until March of 2018 with the possibility of a 0.25% rate increase at that time. It is likely that mid and long-term U.S. Treasury rates will increase slowly throughout the first quarter of 2018 as the market anticipates an additional Federal Reserve rate movement. This would allow management to achieve higher earnings on new higher yielding securities and allow for the ability to price new loans at higher market rates. However, it is also possible that even after a Federal Reserve rate increase, the yield curve could flatten, making it more difficult for management to lend out or reinvest at higher interest rates out further on the yield curve. Additionally, any additional Federal Reserve rate increases would have a greater effect on the repricing of the Corporation’s liabilities as the cost of money
35
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
increases and more marketplace competition returns. Management anticipates that more deposit rate increases will need to be made to remain competitive in the market while maturing borrowings would also likely reprice to higher rates.
The following table provides an analysis of year-to-year changes in net interest income by distinguishing what changes were a result of average balance increases or decreases and what changes were a result of interest rate increases or decreases.
RATE/VOLUME ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET INTEREST INCOME
(TAXABLE EQUIVALENT BASIS, DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| 2017 vs. 2016 | 2016 vs. 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increase (Decrease) | Increase (Decrease) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Due To Change In | Due To Change In | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net | Net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | Interest | Increase | Average | Interest | Increase | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balances | Rates | (Decrease) | Balances | Rates | (Decrease) | |||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| INTEREST INCOME | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest on deposits at other banks | 33 | 217 | 250 | 1 | 62 | 63 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Securities available for sale: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxable | 118 | 2,263 | 2,381 | (192 | ) | (1,276 | ) | (1,468 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Tax-exempt | 681 | (128 | ) | 553 | 781 | 151 | 932 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total securities | 799 | 2,135 | 2,934 | 589 | (1,125 | ) | (536 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Loans | 1,140 | 610 | 1,750 | 2,634 | (324 | ) | 2,310 | |||||||||||||||||
| Regulatory stock | 37 | (4 | ) | 33 | 53 | (99 | ) | (46 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Total interest income | 2,009 | 2,958 | 4,967 | 3,277 | (1,486 | ) | 1,791 | |||||||||||||||||
| INTEREST EXPENSE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposits: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | 20 | 51 | 71 | 45 | (41 | ) | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | 12 | (1 | ) | 11 | 12 | (2 | ) | 10 | ||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | (126 | ) | (94 | ) | (220 | ) | (251 | ) | (180 | ) | (431 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Total deposits | (94 | ) | (44 | ) | (138 | ) | (194 | ) | (223 | ) | (417 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Borrowings: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total borrowings | (46 | ) | 69 | 23 | 14 | (287 | ) | (273 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | (140 | ) | 25 | (115 | ) | (180 | ) | (510 | ) | (690 | ) | |||||||||||||
| NET INTEREST INCOME | 2,149 | 2,933 | 5,082 | 3,457 | (976 | ) | 2,481 | |||||||||||||||||
In 2017, the Corporation’s NII on an FTE basis increased by $5,082,000, an 18.5% increase over 2016. Total interest income on an FTE basis for 2017 increased $4,967,000, or 16.3%, from 2016, while interest expense decreased $115,000, or 3.8%, from 2016 to 2017. The FTE interest income from the securities portfolio increased by $2,934,000, or 39.9%, while loan interest income increased $1,750,000, or 7.7%. During 2017, additional loan volume added $1,140,000 to net interest income, and higher yields primarily due to the multiple Prime rate increases throughout the year caused a $610,000 increase, resulting in a net increase of $1,750,000. Higher balances in the securities portfolio caused an increase of $799,000 in net interest income, while higher yields on securities caused a $2,135,000 increase, resulting in a net increase of $2,934,000. The Corporation recorded non-recurring accelerated amortization on U.S. sub-agency securities during 2016 in the amount of $1,681,000, which was responsible for the lower yields on securities in 2016.
The average balance of interest bearing liabilities increased by 3.3% during 2017, driven by the growth in deposit balances. The shift between time deposit balances and demand and savings accounts resulted in a more favorable net interest income. Lower balances of higher cost deposits contributed to savings of $94,000 on deposit costs while lower interest rates on all deposit groups caused $44,000 of savings, resulting in total savings of $138,000.
36
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Out of all the Corporation’s deposit types, interest-bearing demand deposits reprice the most rapidly, as nearly all accounts are immediately affected by rate changes. The Corporation increased demand deposit interest expense by $51,000 due to higher rates and by $20,000 due to higher balances. Time deposit balances decreased resulting in a $126,000 reduction to expense, and time deposits repricing to lower interest rates reduced interest expense by an additional $94,000, causing a net reduction of $220,000 in time deposit interest expense. Even with the low rate environment, the Corporation was successful in increasing balances of other deposit types. As 2017 progressed and interest rates remained low, the Corporation was able to continue to reprice time deposits maturing at lower interest rates thereby reducing the cost of these funds.
The average balance of outstanding borrowings decreased by $3.8 million, or 5.1%, from December 31, 2016, to December 31, 2017. The decrease in total borrowings decreased interest expense by $46,000. The increase in interest rates increased interest expense by $69,000, as long-term borrowings at lower rates matured and were replaced with new advances at slightly higher rates. The aggregate of these amounts was an increase in interest expense of $23,000 related to total borrowings.
The following table shows a more detailed analysis of net interest income on an FTE basis shown with all the major elements of the Corporation’s balance sheet, which consists of interest earning and non-interest earning assets and interest bearing and non-interest bearing liabilities. Additionally, the analysis provides the net interest spread and the net yield on interest earning assets. The net interest spread is the difference between the yield on interest earning assets and the interest rate paid on interest bearing liabilities. The net interest spread has the deficiency of not giving credit for the non-interest bearing funds and capital used to fund a portion of the total interest earning assets. For this reason, management emphasizes the net yield on interest earning assets, also referred to as the net interest margin (NIM). The NIM is calculated by dividing net interest income on an FTE basis into total average interest earning assets. The NIM is generally the benchmark used by analysts to measure how efficiently a bank generates NII.
37
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
COMPARATIVE AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS AND NET INTEREST INCOME
(TAXABLE EQUIVALENT BASIS, DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | Yield/ | Average | Yield/ | Average | Yield/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance | Interest | Rate | Balance | Interest | Rate | Balance | Interest | Rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | % | $ | $ | % | $ | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest earning assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Federal funds sold and | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| deposits at other banks | 29,277 | 388 | 1.33 | 24,325 | 138 | 0.57 | 24,128 | 75 | 0.31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities available for sale: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxable | 197,788 | 3,960 | 2.00 | 184,851 | 1,579 | 0.85 | 198,093 | 3,047 | 1.54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-exempt | 125,529 | 6,333 | 5.05 | 112,074 | 5,780 | 5.16 | 96,854 | 4,848 | 5.01 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total securities (d) | 323,317 | 10,293 | 3.18 | 296,925 | 7,359 | 2.48 | 294,947 | 7,895 | 2.68 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans (a) | 581,267 | 24,508 | 4.22 | 553,994 | 22,759 | 4.11 | 489,989 | 20,449 | 4.17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Regulatory stock | 5,629 | 269 | 4.78 | 4,851 | 236 | 4.86 | 3,994 | 282 | 7.05 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest earning assets | 939,490 | 35,458 | 3.78 | 880,095 | 30,492 | 3.46 | 813,058 | 28,701 | 3.53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest earning assets (d) | 63,682 | 62,546 | 58,668 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 1,003,172 | 942,641 | 871,726 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES & | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | 201,522 | 351 | 0.17 | 188,758 | 281 | 0.15 | 160,238 | 277 | 0.17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 187,018 | 95 | 0.05 | 163,210 | 84 | 0.05 | 140,379 | 74 | 0.05 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 155,285 | 1,482 | 0.95 | 168,182 | 1,702 | 1.01 | 192,005 | 2,133 | 1.11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowed funds | 70,557 | 1,010 | 1.43 | 74,381 | 987 | 1.33 | 73,329 | 1,260 | 1.72 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest bearing liabilities | 614,382 | 2,938 | 0.48 | 594,531 | 3,054 | 0.51 | 565,951 | 3,744 | 0.66 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest bearing liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | 287,928 | 247,730 | 209,328 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 2,641 | 2,740 | 2,829 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 904,951 | 845,001 | 778,108 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stockholders' equity | 98,221 | 97,640 | 93,618 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities & stockholders' equity | 1,003,172 | 942,641 | 871,726 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income (FTE) | 32,520 | 27,438 | 24,957 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest spread (b) | 3.30 | 2.95 | 2.87 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of non-interest | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| bearing funds | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net yield on interest earning assets (c) | 3.46 | 3.12 | 3.07 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a) Includes balances of non-accrual loans and the recognition of any related interest income. Average balances also include net deferred loan costs of $1,098,000 in 2017, $836,000 in 2016, and $534,000 in 2015. Such fees recognized through income and included in the interest amounts totaled ($445,000) in 2017, ($382,000) in 2016, and ($230,000) in 2015.
(b) Net interest spread is the arithmetic difference between the yield on interest earning assets and the rate paid on interest bearing liabilities.
(c) Net yield, also referred to as net interest margin, is computed by dividing net interest income (FTE) by total interest earning assets.
(d) Securities recorded at amortized cost. Unrealized holding gains and losses are included in non-interest earning assets.
38
ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
The Corporation’s interest income increased and interest expense decreased, resulting in a higher NIM of 3.46% for 2017, compared to 3.12% for 2016. The yield earned on assets increased 31 basis points while the rate paid on liabilities dropped three basis points. The increased yield on assets, driven by three Fed rate increases in 2017, as well as the slight decline in total rate paid on liabilities helped to increase NIM in 2017. Management anticipates further improvements in NIM in 2018 as asset yields improve further with more expected Fed rate increases. Fixed-rate loan yields were at low levels during 2017 due to the extended low-rate environment as well as extremely competitive pricing for the loan opportunities in the market. It is anticipated that these yields will improve slightly throughout 2018 as the economy improves and loan demand increases, reducing pricing pressures and intense competition for loans. The growth in the loan portfolio as well as variable-rate loans repricing to higher levels contributed to the increase in loan interest income in 2017.
Loan pricing was challenging in 2016, and continued to be in 2017 as a result of intense competition resulting in fixed-rate loans being priced at very low levels and variable-rate loans priced at the Prime rate or below. The current Prime rate of 4.50% is generally lower than most fixed-rate business and commercial loans, which typically range between 4.00% and 6.00%, depending on term and credit risk. Management is able to price loan customers with higher levels of credit risk at Prime plus pricing, such as Prime plus 0.75%, currently 5.25%. However, there are relatively few of these higher rate loans in the commercial and agricultural portfolios due to the strong credit quality of the Corporation’s borrowers. Competition in the immediate market area has been pricing select shorter-term fixed-rate commercial and agricultural lending rates below 4.00% for three and five year fixed terms for the strongest loan credits. This current market environment has largely prevented the Corporation from gaining yield on fixed rate commercial and agricultural loans. The Asset Liability Committee (ALCO) carefully monitors the NIM because it indicates trends in net interest income, the Corporation’s largest source of revenue. For more information on the plans and strategies in place to protect the NIM and moderate the impact of rising rates, please refer to Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Earnings and yields on the Corporation’s securities increased by 70 basis points for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016. The Corporation’s securities portfolio consists of nearly all fixed income debt instruments. The Corporation’s taxable securities experienced a 115 basis-point increase in yield for 2017, compared to 2016. This was largely due to accelerated amortization that caused significantly lower interest income in 2016. Additionally, some security reinvestment in 2017 had been occurring at higher rates and regular amortization was lower due to the slightly higher interest rate environment. These variables caused taxable security yields to increase significantly. The yield on tax-exempt securities decreased minimally by eleven basis points in 2017, compared to 2016, primarily due to higher offering rates on securities being purchased.
The interest rate paid on deposits decreased for the year ended December 31, 2017, from the same period in 2016. Management follows a disciplined pricing strategy on core deposit products that are not rate sensitive, meaning that the balances do not fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. Rates on interest-bearing checking accounts and money market accounts were not changed in 2017, but some time deposits were still repricing to lower rates which helped to reduce the cost of funds on these instruments by 6 basis points during the year. Typically, the Corporation sees increases in time deposits during periods when consumers are not confident in the stock market and economic conditions deteriorate. During these periods, there is a “flight to safety” to federally insured deposits. This trend occurred in past years, but time deposit balances declined throughout 2015, 2016, and 2017. As the rate between time deposits and core deposits narrowed, many customers chose to transfer funds from maturing time deposits into checking and savings accounts.
Since the financial crisis, depositors have been more concerned about the financial health of their financial institution. This concern affects their desire to obtain the best possible market interest rates. This trend benefits the Corporation due to its high capital levels and track record of strong and stable earnings. The Corporation’s Bauer Financial rating of 5, the highest level of their rating scale, has assisted the Bank in gaining core deposits over the past several years.
The Corporation’s average rate on borrowed funds increased by 10 basis points from 2016 to 2017, as several long-term borrowings matured and management was not able to refinance them into new long-term borrowings at lower interest rates. Throughout most of 2017, the new fixed borrowing rates were higher than the average rate paid on the Corporation’s existing borrowings. The Corporation will likely not have opportunities to decrease borrowing costs in 2018 because the fixed rate borrowings that are maturing are already at low rates and market rates increased throughout 2017, with more anticipated increases during 2018.
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ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Provision for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses provides for losses inherent in the loan portfolio as determined by a quarterly analysis and calculation of various factors related to the loan portfolio. The amount of the provision reflects the adjustment that management determines is necessary to ensure that the allowance for loan losses is adequate to cover any losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The Corporation gives special attention to the level of underperforming loans when calculating the necessary provision for loan losses. The analysis of the loan loss allowance takes into consideration, among other things, the following factors:
| · | levels and trends in delinquencies, non-accruals, and charge-offs, |
| · | levels of classified loans, |
| · | trends within the loan portfolio, |
| · | changes in lending policies and procedures, |
| · | experience of lending personnel and management oversight, |
| · | national and local economic trends, |
| · | concentrations of credit, |
| · | external factors such as legal and regulatory requirements, |
| · | changes in the quality of loan review and Board oversight, and |
| · | changes in the value of underlying collateral. |
A provision expense of $940,000 was recorded in 2017, compared to $325,000 in 2016, and $150,000 in 2015. The provision expense in 2017 was primarily due to higher levels of charge-offs during the year as well as organic loan portfolio growth. While the level of non-performing loans was relatively stable from 2016 to 2017, the amount of charged-off loans increased by $264,000. In addition, the amount of recoveries declined by $157,000. This combination of charge-offs and recoveries, caused net charge-offs to worsen by $421,000 from 2016 to 2017. In addition, the amount of business and commercial substandard loans as of December 31, 2017, was $1.8 million higher than on December 31, 2016. The amount of substandard loans has a larger influence over the allowance for loan loss calculation due to a greater likelihood of further credit deterioration. These factors led to a greater provision for loan losses in 2017 than in 2016. Because of the heavier provision expense, the allowance as a percentage of loans increased slightly from 1.32% at December 31, 2016, to 1.38% by the end of 2017. It is anticipated that the Corporation will record a provision expense again in 2018 based on projected loan growth and projected delinquencies and levels of classified loans.
Management also continues to provide for estimated losses on pools of similar loans based on historical loss experience. Management employs qualitative factors every quarter in addition to historical loss experience to take into consideration the current trends in loan volume, concentrations of credit, delinquencies, changes in lending practices, and the quality of the Corporation’s underwriting, credit analysis, lending staff, and Board oversight. National and local economic trends and conditions are also considered when calculating an appropriate loan loss allowance for each loan pool. Qualitative factors increased for three of nine pools in 2017. Qualitative factors for dairy loans increased the most as a result of continued growth, changes among agricultural lending staff, and economic factors impacting the health of the dairy industry. Factors were increased for other pools as well, primarily in relation to the experience and depth of management and trends in each loan pool. Special asset quality adjustments for business loans and CRE loans fell dramatically in 2017 because of fewer substandard loans in these pools. The quarterly adjustment of qualitative factors allows the Corporation to continually update our adjusted loss ratio to accurately project estimated credit losses.
Management continues to evaluate the allowance for loan losses in relation to the growth or decline of the loan portfolio and its associated credit risk, and believes the provision and the allowance for loan losses are adequate to provide for future loan losses. For further discussion of the calculation, see the “Allowance for Loan Losses” section.
Other Income
Other income for 2017 was $10,321,000, a decrease of $823,000, or 7.4%, compared to the $11,144,000 earned in 2016. The following table details the categories that comprise other income.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
OTHER INCOME
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| 2017 vs. 2016 | 2016 vs. 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | Increase (Decrease) | 2016 | 2015 | Increase (Decrease) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | % | $ | $ | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trust and investment services | 1,776 | 1,475 | 301 | 20.4 | 1,475 | 1,286 | 189 | 14.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service charges on deposit accounts | 1,235 | 1,123 | 112 | 10.0 | 1,123 | 1,081 | 42 | 3.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other fees | 1,434 | 1,136 | 298 | 26.2 | 1,136 | 938 | 198 | 21.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commissions | 2,303 | 2,169 | 134 | 6.2 | 2,169 | 2,033 | 136 | 6.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net realized gains on sales | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| of securities available for sale | 675 | 2,370 | (1,695 | ) | (71.5 | ) | 2,370 | 2,840 | (470 | ) | (16.5 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Gains on sale of mortgages | 1,715 | 1,512 | 203 | 13.4 | 1,512 | 806 | 706 | 87.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings on bank-owned life insurance | 688 | 785 | (97 | ) | (12.4 | ) | 785 | 726 | 59 | 8.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other miscellaneous income | 495 | 574 | (79 | ) | (13.8 | ) | 574 | 345 | 229 | 66.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other income | 10,321 | 11,144 | (823 | ) | (7.4 | ) | 11,144 | 10,055 | 1,089 | 10.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Trust and investment services income increased by $301,000, or 20.4%, from 2016 to 2017, after increasing 14.7% from 2015 to 2016. In 2017, trust and investment services revenue accounted for 4.4% of the Corporation’s gross revenue stream, including gains and losses on securities and mortgages, compared to 4.0% in 2016 and 3.9% in 2015. Trust and investment services revenue consists of income from traditional trust services and income from investment services provided through a third party. In 2017, the traditional trust business accounted for $1,193,000, or 67.2%, of total trust and investment services income, with the investment services totaling $583,000, or 32.8%. In 2017, traditional trust services income increased by $186,000, or 18.5%, from 2016 levels, while investment services income increased $115,000, or 24.6%. The amount of customer investment activity drives the investment services income. Market increases and a larger customer base primarily caused the increase in trust revenue in 2017. The trust and investment services area continues to be an area of strategic focus for the Corporation. Management believes there is a great need for retirement, estate, and small business planning in the Corporation’s service area. Management also sees these services as being a necessary part of a comprehensive line of financial solutions across the organization.
Service charges on deposit accounts for the year ended December 31, 2017, increased by $112,000, or 10.0%, compared to 2016. Overdraft service charges for 2017, which comprise 80.2% of the total deposit service charges, increased to $991,000, from $895,000 in 2016, a 10.7% increase. Several other categories of fees increased or decreased to lesser amounts.
Other fees increased for the year ended December 31, 2017, by $298,000, or 26.2%, compared to the previous year. This increase was primarily due to mortgage-related fees, which increased due to the increase in volume of mortgage production during 2017. Loan administration fees increased by $212,000, or 52.9% for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 2016. Additionally, mortgage origination fees increased by $21,000, or 8.0%, for the same period. Account analysis fees increased by $32,000, or 76.5% in 2017 compared to 2016 due to pricing changes as well as the addition of clients to the cash management program throughout the year. Various other fee income categories increased or decreased slightly accounting for the remainder of the change.
Commissions increased by $134,000, or 6.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the previous year. This was primarily caused by debit card interchange income, which increased by $119,000, or 6.3%. The interchange income is a direct result of the volume of debit card transactions processed and this income increases as customer accounts increase or as customers utilize their debit cards to a higher degree. Additionally, commissions from a mortgage settlement services company increased by $18,000, or 19.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the prior year.
Gains on security transactions were lower for the year ended December 31, 2017, with a total of $675,000 recorded compared to $2,370,000 for 2016, a $1,695,000, or 71.5% decrease. Gains or losses taken on securities fluctuate based on market conditions including:
| · | large swings in market pricing, utilizing volatility and market timing to the Corporation’s advantage, |
| · | appreciation or deterioration of securities values due to changes in interest rates, credit risk, financial performance, or market dynamics such as spread and liquidity, |
| · | sale of securities at gains to fund loan growth, |
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
| · | opportunities to reposition the securities portfolio to improve long-term earnings, or |
| · | management’s asset liability goals to improve liquidity or reduce interest rate or fair value risk. |
The gains or losses recorded depend entirely on management’s active trades based on the above. Losses can be in the form of active sales of securities, or impairment of securities, which involve writing the security down to a lower value based on anticipated credit losses. There were no impairment charges in 2015, 2016, or 2017, therefore all security gains and losses incurred during these years were designed to either take gains or reposition the portfolio.
The sales of securities in 2015 and 2016 were greater than 2017 because of the very low interest rate environment that presented many opportunities to sell securities at large gains. Bond pricing was significantly higher in 2015 and 2016 allowing management to sell securities at large gains. Meanwhile, loan growth was strong in 2016 and 2017 providing opportunities to both sell securities at gains and use the proceeds to fund new loans. This is one of the core elements of management’s plan to increase asset yield and protect margin, by converting securities into loans and improving the Corporation’s loan to deposit ratio.
Gains on the sale of mortgages in 2017 increased $203,000, or 13.4%, from 2016. Because of the interest rate environment in 2017, margins received on sold loans were extremely high resulting in a higher level of gains compared to prior years. Management has budgeted for a small increase in the gains on the sale of mortgages in 2018, as with U.S. treasury rates moving up it will be more difficult to grow mortgage volume and the margins on gains on sales will likely be diminished.
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance (BOLI) decreased by $97,000, or 12.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the prior year. Increases and decreases in BOLI income depend on insurance cost components on the Corporation’s BOLI policies, the actual annual return of the policies, and any benefits paid upon death that exceed the policy’s cash surrender value. Increases in cash surrender value are a function of the return of the policy net of all expenses. The decrease in income in 2017 can be primarily attributed to declining performance on the grandfathered directors’ life insurance policies, which were initiated prior to 1995 in connection with a previous Directors Deferred Compensation Plan. These director-related policies are not generating as much income due to the age of the directors and structure of the policies. The lower levels of return on these policies will likely continue throughout 2018.
The miscellaneous income category decreased by $79,000, or 13.8%, for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016. The primary reason for the decrease was a decrease in income related to the provision for off balance sheet credit losses. Income of $131,000 was recorded in 2016 to reduce this provision for off balance sheet credit losses and in 2017, increase and decreases to this allowance were recorded in other operating expenses instead of other income. The Corporation also renewed a vendor contract in 2016 resulting in retention fees that increased income by $55,000 with no similar amount in 2017. Income from customer check orders decreased by $17,000, or 10.4%. Partially offsetting these declines, mortgage servicing income net of amortization increased by $114,000, or 228.8%, when comparing both years, and income from safe deposit box rental increased by $15,000, or 24.4%.
Operating Expenses
The following table provides details of the Corporation’s operating expenses for the last three years along with the percentage increase or decrease compared to the previous year.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
OPERATING EXPENSES
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| 2017 vs. 2016 | 2016 vs. 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | Increase (Decrease) | 2016 | 2015 | Increase (Decrease) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | % | $ | $ | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits | 19,340 | 16,769 | 2,571 | 15.3 | 16,769 | 14,796 | 1,973 | 13.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy expenses | 2,413 | 2,183 | 230 | 10.5 | 2,183 | 2,092 | 91 | 4.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equipment expenses | 1,166 | 1,091 | 75 | 6.9 | 1,091 | 1,126 | (35 | ) | (3.1 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising & marketing expenses | 698 | 614 | 84 | 13.7 | 614 | 552 | 62 | 11.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Computer software & data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| processing expenses | 2,210 | 1,831 | 379 | 20.7 | 1,831 | 1,594 | 237 | 14.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares tax | 859 | 807 | 52 | 6.4 | 807 | 781 | 26 | 3.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Professional services | 1,673 | 1,590 | 83 | 5.2 | 1,590 | 1,443 | 147 | 10.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expenses | 2,518 | 2,315 | 203 | 8.8 | 2,315 | 2,351 | (36 | ) | (1.5 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 30,877 | 27,200 | 3,677 | 13.5 | 27,200 | 24,735 | 2,465 | 10.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Salaries and employee benefits are the largest category of other expenses. In general, they comprise close to 63% of the Corporation’s total operating expenses. For the year 2017, salaries and benefits increased $2,571,000, or 15.3%, compared to 2016. Salaries increased by $1,853,000, or 15.0% for the year, while employee benefits increased by $718,000, or 16.4%. Salary and benefit expenses are growing because of the expansion of the branch network as well as the mortgage and commercial lending departments and other support positions within the Bank. These staff additions were on top of normal merit increases. Insurance costs increased $442,000, or 19.9%, from 2016 to 2017, due primarily to an increase in health insurance expense of $420,000, or 21.0%. Pension and 401(k) expenses were $1,020,000 in 2017, compared to $918,000 in 2016, a 11.1% increase. The pension portion experienced a $53,000, or 8.1% increase. Changes were made to the Corporation’s pension plan at the end of 2015 for 2016 and forward that converted the pension plan to a profit sharing plan, and made several other changes consistent with safe harbor provisions of non-discriminatory profit sharing plans. Before 2016, management made a non-elective contribution equal to 5% of all employee compensation into the Corporation’s pension plan for all qualifying employees. Beginning in 2016, management split the 5% into two components as part of a new profit sharing plan with a contribution of 3% of all employee compensation for the year plus an elective contribution of up to 2% of all employee compensation based on the performance of the Corporation. The plan conversion also included changes that resulted in an accelerating vesting schedule for new employees and provided better benefits to a long-term employee in the year of termination. These changes along with both a record number of new hires and record year for employee turnover caused the Corporation’s pension expense to accelerate in 2016. The 401(k) portion of these expenses is much smaller in scope than the pension expenses since the Corporation is matching a maximum of up to 2.5% of salary depending on employee contributions, compared to contributing up to 5.0% of salary in the profit sharing plan. The 401(k) expenses increased $50,000, or 18.6%, a function of a larger workforce and heavier employee participation.
Occupancy expenses consist of the following:
| · | Depreciation of bank buildings |
| · | Real estate taxes and property insurance |
| · | Utilities |
| · | Building repair and maintenance |
| · | Lease expense |
Occupancy expenses have increased by $230,000, or 10.5%, for 2017 compared to 2016. Utilities costs increased by $89,000, or 14.8%, when comparing the year ended December 31, 2017, to the prior year. Lease expense increased by $73,000, or 54.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to 2016. Cleaning services increased by $32,000, or 28.9%, in 2017, compared to 2016, and building repair and maintenance costs increased by $30,000, or 14.5%. Occupancy expenses were higher in 2017 due to the three new branch locations and leased office space added during the last half of 2016, as well as several small-scale projects at existing locations.
Equipment expenses increased by $75,000, or 6.9%, for 2017 compared to 2016. Equipment service contract expenses increased by $40,000, or 18.1%, for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016, driven by the signing of additional contracts. Equipment repair and maintenance costs increased by $16,000, or 3.1%, in
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ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
2017, compared to 2016. Other miscellaneous equipment expenses increased by $32,000, or 60.6%, for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 2016 caused by small equipment purchases at the newer branches and equipment upgrades at existing branches. Partially offsetting these increases, depreciation on furniture and equipment decreased by $15,000, or 2.0%, for 2017 compared to 2016. In general, furniture and equipment expenses increased as a result of the expanded branch and office network.
Advertising and marketing expenses for the year increased by $84,000, or 13.7%, from 2016 levels. These expenses can be further broken down into two categories, marketing expenses and public relations. The marketing expenses alone totaled $460,000 in 2017, which was a $46,000, or 11.1% increase, over 2016. Marketing expenses support the overall business strategies of the Corporation; therefore, the timing of these expenses is dependent upon those strategies. Public relations, the smaller category of advertising and marketing expenses, totaled $238,000 for 2017, compared to $200,000 for 2016, an increase of $38,000, or 19.0%. Fairs and expos, promotional items, and sponsorships make up this category. Management has increased marketing outreach efforts consistent with the Corporation’s expanded market area in 2017.
Computer software and data processing expenses increased by $379,000, or 20.7%, for 2017, compared to 2016. Software-related expenses were up $264,000, or 26.2%, for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the prior year, primarily because of increased amortization on existing software as well as purchases of new software platforms to support the strategic initiatives of the Corporation. These fees are likely to continue to increase in 2018 but at a slower percentage. Actual software expense incurred will be dependent on how quickly new software platforms are identified, analyzed, approved and placed into service. Data processing fees were up $115,000, or 14.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016. These fees are likely to continue to increase throughout 2018 as data processing fees increase with the increase in customer transactions.
Bank shares tax expense was $859,000 for 2017, an increase of $52,000, or 6.4%, from 2016. Two main factors determine the amount of bank shares tax: the ending value of shareholders’ equity and the ending value of tax-exempt U.S. obligations. Prior to 2014, the shares tax calculation formula utilized a rolling six-year average of taxable shares, which was the average shareholders’ equity of the Bank less the average amount of exempt U.S. obligations held. The shares tax calculation in 2014 changed to using a period-end balance of shareholders’ equity and a tax rate of 0.89% versus 1.25% in 2013 and prior years. However, in 2016, the tax rate was changed to 0.95% causing an increase in costs compared to the prior year. The increase in 2017 can be primarily attributed to the Corporation’s growing value of shareholders’ equity.
Professional services expense increased $83,000, or 5.2%, for 2017, compared to 2016. These services include accounting and auditing fees, legal fees, and fees for other third-party services. Fees for courier services increased by $33,000, or 80.0%, for the year as a result of courier services provided to customers in our new branch communities, primarily in southern Lancaster County. Accounting and auditing fees increased by $29,000, or 9.6%, and other outside service fees increased by $19,000, or 2.8%, for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the year-to-date period in 2016.
Other operating expenses increased by $203,000, or 8.8%, for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to the same period in 2016. Loan-related expenses increased by $136,000, or 67.0% for year-to-date periods when comparing 2017 to 2016. The primary reason for this increase was the implementation of a third party origination loan program which generates revenue from loans referred by another financial institution, with a commission paid to that institution which runs through this other operating expense category. Additionally, fraud-related charge-offs increased by $125,000, or 84.2%, for 2017 compared to 2016. Partially offsetting these increases, FDIC insurance assessments decreased by $92,000, or 22.2% for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to 2016.
Management uses the efficiency ratio as one metric to evaluate the Corporation’s level of operating expenses. The efficiency ratio measures the efficiency of the Corporation in producing one dollar of revenue. For example, an efficiency ratio of 70% means it costs seventy cents to generate one dollar of revenue. A lower ratio represents better operational efficiency. The formula for calculating the efficiency ratio is total operating expenses, excluding foreclosed property and OREO expenses, divided by net interest income on an FTE basis, prior to the provision for loan losses, plus other income, excluding gain or loss on the sale of securities. A higher level of operating expenses may be justified if the Corporation is growing interest earning assets and is increasing net interest income and other income at faster levels. This was the case in 2017 as the Corporation’s efficiency ratio was 73.2%, compared to 75.1% for 2016. The Corporation’s operating expenses have been growing at a more rapid pace as the Corporation increases locations and expands market area. Management has been successful in increasing both net interest income and fee income during this expansionary period, resulting in improved efficiency. In 2018, management anticipates further improvements in net interest margin, which will provide higher net interest income and better
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
efficiency, outside of improvements caused by normal growth. In the near term, management’s goal is to reduce the efficiency ratio to below 70%. While management desires a lower efficiency ratio, the desire to capture additional market share in the near future and the interest rate environment, including the timing of the Federal Reserve’s rate actions, will play a large part in determining when the Corporation’s efficiency ratio improves and the degree to which improvements can be made.
Income Taxes
Nearly all of the Corporation’s income is taxed at a corporate rate of 34% for Federal income tax purposes. The Corporation is also subject to Pennsylvania Corporate Net Income Tax; however, no taxable activity is conducted at the corporate level. The Corporation’s wholly owned subsidiary, Ephrata National Bank, is not subject to state income tax, but does pay Pennsylvania Bank Shares Tax. The Bank Shares Tax expense appears on the Corporation’s Consolidated Statements of Income under operating expenses.
Certain items of income are not subject to Federal income tax, such as tax-exempt interest income on loans and securities, and increases in the cash surrender value of life insurance; therefore, the effective income tax rate for the Corporation is lower than the stated tax rate. The effective tax rate is calculated by dividing the Corporation’s provision for income tax by the pre-tax income for the applicable period.
For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Corporation recorded a tax provision of $2,338,000, compared to $1,353,000 for 2016. This increase in tax provision was caused primarily by a deferred tax asset devaluation of $1.1 million as a result of a lower corporate tax rate. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act lowered the corporate tax rate from 34% to 21% as of January 1, 2018, which will lower the Corporation’s provision for Federal income taxes in future years. However, the Corporation was required to write down the value of its net deferred tax assets by $1.1 million as of December 31, 2017. This devaluation reduced the deferred tax asset and increased tax expense for the year.
The effective tax rate for the Corporation was 26.9% for 2017, compared to 15.2% for 2016. The Corporation’s effective tax rate is lower than the 34% corporate rate that was effective until December 31, 2017, as a result of tax-free assets that the Corporation holds on its balance sheet. The majority of the Corporation’s tax-free assets are in the form of obligations of states and political subdivisions, referred to as municipal bonds.
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ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
Financial Condition
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of the cash on hand in the Corporation’s vaults, operational transaction accounts with the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB), and deposits in other banks. The FRB requires a specified amount of cash available either in vault cash or in an FRB account. Known as cash reserves, these funds provide for the daily clearing house activity of the Corporation and fluctuate based on the volume of each day’s transactions. Beyond these requirements, the Corporation maintains additional cash levels as part of Management’s active asset liability and liquidity strategy. Management has been carrying larger cash balances to provide an immediate hedge against interest rate risk and liquidity risk. As of December 31, 2017, the Corporation had $53.1 million in cash and cash equivalents, compared to $45.6 million as of December 31, 2016.
As a result of the actions of the Board of Governors on December 16, 2008, financial institutions have been able to receive a rate equivalent to the Federal funds rate on reserves held at the FRB. Because this rate matched the Federal funds rate that could be obtained at other correspondent banks, management began to keep larger balances at the FRB and less Federal funds. After the Federal Reserve action to raise the Federal funds rate to 0.50% on December 16, 2015, and to 0.75% on December 14, 2016, the Federal Reserve followed with incremental increases to the overnight rate in March, June, and December of 2017, until that rate became 1.50% as of December 31, 2017. The Corporation expects to maintain an element of total cash at the Federal Reserve as part of a diversified cash management plan. Management also invests excess cash in two money market accounts at other financial institutions. One money market account yielded a return of 1.59% at December 31, 2017, and the other money market account yielded a return of 1.70%, both more than the return received from the FRB. This diversification alters the mix of cash and cash equivalents to more interest bearing deposits in banks and less Federal funds sold. The cash and cash equivalents represent only one element of liquidity. For further discussion on liquidity management, refer to Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Sources and Uses of Funds
The following table shows an overview of the Corporation’s primary sources and uses of funds. This table utilizes average balances to explain the change in the sources and uses of funding. Management uses this analysis tool to evaluate changes in each balance sheet category. For purposes of this analysis, securities available for sale are shown based on book value and not fair market value. Additionally, short-term investments only include interest-bearing funds. Trends identified from past performance assist management with decisions concerning future growth.
Some conclusions drawn from the following table are as follows:
| · | Balance sheet growth rate was 6.7% in 2017 compared to 8.2% in 2016. |
| · | Balance sheet mix changed with average balances of loans growing at a rate of 4.9%, compared to an 8.9% increase in securities. |
| · | Interest bearing demand deposits and savings deposits grew significantly in 2017 compared to a decline in time deposits. |
| · | Non-interest bearing deposits, the most beneficial deposits, grew at a rate of 16.2% in 2017, compared to 18.3% growth in 2016. |
| · | Time deposits continue to decline both in amount and as a percentage of total deposits with a 7.7% decrease in 2017 compared to a 12.4% decline in 2016. |
| · | Borrowings decreased by 5.1% in 2017, compared to an increase of 1.4% in 2016. |
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ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
SOURCES AND USES OF FUNDS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| 2017 vs. 2016 | 2016 vs. 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | Increase (Decrease) | 2016 | 2015 | Increase (Decrease) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average Balances | $ | $ | $ | % | $ | $ | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | 29,277 | 24,325 | 4,952 | 20.4 | 24,325 | 24,128 | 197 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities available for sale | 323,317 | 296,925 | 26,392 | 8.9 | 296,925 | 294,947 | 1,978 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Regulatory stock | 5,629 | 4,851 | 778 | 16.0 | 4,851 | 3,994 | 857 | 21.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | 581,267 | 553,994 | 27,273 | 4.9 | 553,994 | 489,989 | 64,005 | 13.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Uses | 939,490 | 880,095 | 59,395 | 6.7 | 880,095 | 813,058 | 67,037 | 8.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing demand | 201,522 | 188,758 | 12,764 | 6.8 | 188,758 | 160,238 | 28,520 | 17.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 187,018 | 163,210 | 23,808 | 14.6 | 163,210 | 140,379 | 22,831 | 16.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 155,285 | 168,182 | (12,897 | ) | (7.7 | ) | 168,182 | 192,005 | (23,823 | ) | (12.4 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowings | 70,557 | 74,381 | (3,824 | ) | (5.1 | ) | 74,381 | 73,330 | 1,051 | 1.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest bearing demand | 287,928 | 247,730 | 40,198 | 16.2 | 247,730 | 209,328 | 38,402 | 18.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Sources | 902,310 | 842,261 | 60,049 | 7.1 | 842,261 | 775,280 | 66,981 | 8.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities Available For Sale
The Corporation classifies all of its securities as available for sale and reports the portfolio at fair market value. As of December 31, 2017, the Corporation had $319.7 million of securities available for sale, which accounted for 30.9% of assets, compared to 31.3% as of December 31, 2016. The securities portfolio increased in size, but decreased as a percentage of the balance sheet due to loan growth in 2017 and holding higher levels of cash balances. Deposits grew at a rapid pace allowing for additional investments in the securities portfolio resulting in a higher absolute balance at the end of 2017 compared to the prior year. While the ending balance of securities increased 3.8% from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017, the average balance of securities increased 8.9% for the year compared to 2016.
Each quarter management sets portfolio allocation guidelines and adjusts security portfolio strategy generally based upon the following factors:
| · | Performance of the various instruments including spreads over U.S. Treasury rates |
| · | Slope of the U.S. Treasury yield curve |
| · | Level of and projected direction of interest rates |
| · | ALCO positions as to liquidity, interest rate risk, and net portfolio value |
| · | Changes in credit risk of the various instruments |
| · | State of the economy and projected economic trends |
The securities policy of the Corporation imposes guidelines to ensure diversification within the portfolio. The diversity specifications are designed to control the level of risk presented by each security type. The amount of diversity permitted through the policy allows management to pursue security types with better total return profiles or securities with higher yields. However, those securities that can provide higher levels of return will often bring higher elements of duration or credit risk. Management’s goal is to optimize portfolio total return performance over the long term while staying within portfolio policy guidelines. The composition of the securities portfolio at year end based on fair market value is shown in the following table.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
SECURITIES PORTFOLIO
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agencies | 34,352 | 10.8 | 32,261 | 10.5 | 29,691 | 10.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | 52,073 | 16.3 | 55,869 | 18.1 | 41,980 | 14.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 54,641 | 17.1 | 37,936 | 12.3 | 47,331 | 16.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | 60,769 | 19.0 | 52,091 | 16.9 | 63,305 | 21.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 112,243 | 35.1 | 124,430 | 40.4 | 101,583 | 35.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Marketable equity securities | 5,583 | 1.7 | 5,524 | 1.8 | 5,533 | 1.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total securities available for sale | 319,661 | 100.0 | 308,111 | 100.0 | 289,423 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
The Corporation typically invests excess liquidity into securities, primarily fixed-income bonds which account for 98.3% of all securities. The securities portfolio provides interest and dividend income to supplement the interest income on loans. Additionally, the securities portfolio assists in the management of both liquidity risk and interest rate risk. Refer to Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk for further discussion of risk strategies. To provide maximum flexibility for management of liquidity and interest rate risks, the securities portfolio is classified as available for sale and reported at fair value. Management adjusts the value of the portfolio on a monthly basis to fair market value as determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Management has the ability and intent to hold all debt securities until maturity, and does not generally record impairment on the bonds that are currently valued below book value.
The Corporation’s marketable equity securities include an investment in qualified Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) mutual funds and a small portfolio of bank stocks held at the holding company level. A total of $5,280,000 has been invested into one qualified CRA fund that carried an AAA credit rating as of December 31, 2017. The fund is a Small Business Administration (SBA) CRA fund with a $5,280,000 book value and market value as it has a stable dollar price. The current guideline used by management for the minimum amount to be invested in CRA-approved investments is approximately 0.5% of assets. The current $5,280,000 of CRA investments is equivalent to 0.5% of assets. The small portfolio of bank stocks included in marketable equity securities had a book value of $267,000 and a fair market value of $303,000 as of December 31, 2017.
Overall, the tax equivalent yield on all of the Corporation’s securities increased from 2.48% for 2016, to 3.18% for 2017. Treasury rates were higher in 2017 compared to 2016, so the vast majority of securities that matured or were sold had lower yields than the securities purchased to replace them. Additionally, non-recurring U.S. sub-agency amortization of $1,681,000 was recorded during 2016 that resulted in a lower yield for the corporate sector and for the portfolio as a whole. The Corporation’s securities portfolio underwent a number of changes during 2017 including an increase in U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) and a decrease in obligations of states and political subdivisions. The fair market value of the Corporation’s securities portfolio increased by $11.6 million, or 3.7%, from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017, but the portfolio accounted for a smaller amount of the Corporation’s assets at 30.9% as of December 31, 2017, compared to 31.3% as of December 31, 2016.
Management increased the amount of CMOs in 2017 in an effort to provide a steady stream of cash flows in the securities portfolio with a structure that fits the Corporation’s strategies in a rates-up environment. Management also decreased the amount of obligations of states and political subdivisions in response to tax law changes that made these instruments slightly less beneficial from a yield and duration standpoint.
Management views the U.S. government agency sector as foundational to the building of the securities portfolio. U.S. agencies have very low risk and high liquidity, and depending on structure, are fairly predictable in terms of their performance. Non-callable agencies have a set maturity date with no principal payments until maturity. Callable agencies offer a higher yield but carry option risk, the risk that the agency could call the issue after it reaches the call date. This typically occurs if interest rates decline. The non-callable structures have lower yield but a better total return profile when considering all rate scenarios, however given a slow progression of higher rates the callable structure would outperform given the higher yield. As a result, management uses a blend of non-callable and callable instruments to enhance yield performance but ensure a predictable cash flow ladder is built out into the future. Management prefers to use corporate bonds to supplement U.S. agencies in building a ladder of steady maturities in the one-year to five-year
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
time frame. Corporate bonds provide better return than U.S. agencies, especially in this shorter time frame, since they provide better yields and are generally not callable. In the corporate bond market there are also floating rate bonds available that typically reprice quarterly based on a spread to one-month LIBOR. Management has selectively purchased several of these bonds to build more rates-up protection into the portfolio. While corporate bonds do carry substantially more credit risk than U.S. agencies, the credit risk of corporate bonds is greatly mitigated by maintaining shorter maturities.
Investments in MBS and CMOs assist management in adding to and maintaining a stable five-year ladder of cash flows, which is important in providing stable liquidity and interest rate risk positions. Unlike U.S. agency bonds, corporate bonds, and obligations of states and political subdivisions, which only pay principal at final maturity, the U.S. agency MBS and CMO securities pay monthly principal and interest. The combined effect of all of these instruments paying monthly principal and interest provides the Corporation with a significant and reasonably stable cash flow. Cash flows coming off of MBS and CMOs do slow down and speed up as interest rates increase or decrease. During the majority of 2017, cash flows from these securities were lower than the prior year as a result of higher Treasury rates. Management desires and pursues those MBS and CMO securities that do not experience significant changes in prepayment speeds given changes in interest rates. Since nearly all of these securities are purchased at a premium, management is most concerned with how quickly that premium will be amortized based on the average life of the security. Therefore, management attempts to guard against those securities with fast or volatile prepayment speeds in favor of those that demonstrate more consistent principal payments.
Obligations of states and political subdivisions, often referred to as municipal bonds, are tax-free securities that generally provide the highest yield in the securities portfolio on a tax-equivalent basis. In the continued prolonged period of historically low interest rates, the municipal bond sector has by far outperformed all other sectors of the portfolio. Municipal tax-equivalent yields generally start well above other taxable bonds; however, they generally carry the longest duration and highest interest rate risk exposure out of all the Corporation’s securities. The municipal bond portfolio had an unrealized loss position of $1,804,000 as of December 31, 2017, compared to an unrealized loss position of $3,998,000 as of December 31, 2016.
The vast majority of the municipal bonds held by the Corporation on December 31, 2017 carried between an A and an AA credit rating, with 9.2% carrying the highest AAA rating. These are stronger ratings on average than the ratings on the corporate bonds held by the Corporation. These ratings reflect the final rating or the rating with any insurance backing or credit enhancements. The Corporation’s securities policy requires that municipal bonds not carrying insurance have a minimum S&P credit rating of A- or a minimum Moody’s credit rating of A3 at the time of purchase. It is possible that municipalities have an underlying rating of S&P BBB+ or Moody’s Baa1 rating prior to insurance or credit enhancement while having a final rating of S&P A- or Moody’s A3 with the insurance and/or credit enhancement. In the current environment, the major rating services have tightened their credit underwriting procedures and are more apt to downgrade municipalities. Additionally, the weaker economy has reduced revenue streams for many municipalities and has called into question the basic premise that municipalities have unlimited power to tax, i.e. the ability to raise taxes to compensate for revenue shortfalls. Therefore, management closely monitors any municipal bonds that have their credit ratings downgraded below initial purchase guidelines. The Corporation has not experienced any losses due to defaults or bankruptcies of states or political subdivisions. As of December 31, 2017, all of the municipal bonds carried credit ratings within the Corporation’s initial purchase policy requirements.
As of December 31, 2017, the Corporation held corporate bonds with a total book value of $61.3 million and fair market value of $60.8 million. Corporate bonds, consisting of bonds issued by public companies as unsecured credit, carry a 100% risk weighting for capital purposes and therefore are viewed as a higher risk security. Because of the higher risk posed by corporate bonds, the Corporation has a policy that limits corporates to 20% of the portfolio book value. As of December 31, 2017, this $61.3 million book value of corporate debt amounted to 19.2% of the portfolio book value, compared to $52.9 million book value, or 17.1% of portfolio book value as of December 31, 2016.
Like any security, corporate bonds have both positive and negative qualities and management must evaluate these securities on a risk versus reward basis. Corporate bonds add diversity to the portfolio and provide strong relative yields for short maturities; however, by their very nature, corporate bonds carry a high level of credit risk should the entity experience financial difficulties. Management stands to possibly lose the entire principal amount if the entity that issued the corporate paper fails. As a result of the higher level of credit risk taken on by purchasing a corporate bond, management has in place certain minimal credit ratings that must be met in order for management to purchase a corporate bond. The financial performance of any corporate bond being considered for purchase is analyzed both prior to and after purchase. Management conducts periodic monitoring throughout the year including an internal financial analysis. An independent credit review is conducted at least annually in addition to management’s periodic monitoring. Additionally, the Corporation’s securities policy calls for corporate bonds purchased to not have maturities greater than
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ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
six years with the preferred maturity range of two to five years. Credit risk grows exponentially with length. The shorter the maturity the more assurance the company’s financial position will remain sufficiently strong to ensure full payment of the bond at maturity. The longer the time horizon the more difficult it is to project the financial health of the company.
Management closely monitors the unrealized gain or loss positions of all the corporate bonds to identify any potential weakness. The trading levels of these securities are closely linked to the financial performance and health of the entity. Significant declines in the valuations of these securities, beyond what can be attributed to movement in interest rates, are generally an indication of higher credit risk. Management reviews all securities with unrealized losses approaching 10% or those carrying unrealized losses for prolonged periods of time, for possible impairment. As of December 31, 2017, the highest percentage of unrealized loss for any corporate bond was 2.5%. All but two of the corporate bonds had at least an A credit rating by one of the major credit rating services, with all corporate bonds considered investment grade. Currently, there are no indications that any of these bonds would discontinue contractual payments.
The entire securities portfolio is reviewed monthly for credit risk and evaluated quarterly for possible impairment. Corporate bonds have the most potential credit risk out of the Corporation’s debt instruments. Due to the rapidly changing credit environment and improving but sluggish economic conditions, management is closely monitoring all corporate bonds. For further information on impairment see Note B. For further details regarding credit risk see Note P.
The following table shows the weighted-average life and yield on the Corporation’s securities by maturity intervals as of December 31, 2017, based on amortized cost. All of the Corporation’s securities are classified as available for sale and are reported at fair value; however, for purposes of this schedule they are shown at amortized cost.
SECURITIES PORTFOLIO MATURITY ANALYSIS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Within | 1 - 5 | 5 - 10 | Over 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 Year | Years | Years | Years | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| % | % | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | Yield | $ | Yield | $ | Yield | $ | Yield | $ | Yield | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agencies | — | — | 18,071 | 1.69 | 17,030 | 2.16 | — | — | 35,101 | 1.92 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities | 11,076 | 1.73 | 25,735 | 1.96 | 11,594 | 2.12 | 4,576 | 2.17 | 52,981 | 1.96 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations | 4,358 | 2.44 | 24,052 | 2.25 | 23,177 | 2.18 | 3,906 | 2.34 | 55,493 | 2.24 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | 2,004 | 1.68 | 50,182 | 2.24 | 9,148 | 2.69 | — | — | 61,334 | 2.29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 1,013 | 2.88 | 4,818 | 0.62 | 7,372 | 3.56 | 100,844 | 3.94 | 114,047 | 3.77 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketable equity securities | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5,547 | 2.15 | 5,547 | 2.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total securities available for sale | 18,451 | 1.96 | 122,858 | 2.04 | 68,321 | 2.38 | 114,873 | 3.73 | 324,503 | 2.70 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities are assigned to categories based on stated contractual maturity except for MBS and CMOs, which are based on anticipated payment periods.
The yield on the securities portfolio, including equity securities, was 2.70% as of December 31, 2017, compared to 3.03% as of December 31, 2016. The reduction in yield was primarily due to the $12.2 million reduction in municipal bonds from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017. These bonds carry the highest yield in the portfolio but also the longest duration or length. Management reduced municipal bonds in the fourth quarter of 2017 primarily to reduce portfolio duration and in anticipation of a lower corporate tax rate making these tax free securities less favorable. As of December 31, 2017, the effective duration of the Corporation’s fixed income security portfolio was 3.3 years for the base case or rates unchanged scenario, compared to 4.4 years as of December 31, 2016. Effective duration is the estimated duration or length of a security or portfolio, which is implied by the price volatility. Effective duration is calculated by converting price volatility to a standard measurement representing length, expressed in years. It is a measurement of price sensitivity, with lower durations being advantageous in periods of rising rates and longer durations benefiting the holder in periods of declining rates. An effective duration of 3.0 years would approximate the duration of a three-year U.S. Treasury, a security that has no option risk or call provisions. Management receives effective duration and price volatility information quarterly on an individual security basis. Management’s target base case, or rates unchanged effective duration, is 3.0 years. The Corporation manages duration, along with interest rate sensitivity and fair value risk, across the entire balance sheet. Currently, assets are repricing quicker than liabilities, meaning the Corporation is asset sensitive and benefits by higher interest rates. Regardless of the Corporation’s asset sensitive balance sheet
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
position, management still desires to lower the securities portfolio’s effective duration from the current 3.3 years closer to the targeted 3.0 years throughout 2018 to further improve rates-up performance.
Effective duration is only one measurement of the length of the securities portfolio. Management receives and monitors a number of other measurements. In general, a shorter portfolio will adjust more quickly in a rising interest rate environment, whereas a longer portfolio will tend to generate more return over the long-term and will outperform a shorter portfolio when interest rates decline. Because the Corporation’s securities portfolio is slightly longer than the average peer bank, it will generally outperform the average peer bank given static rates or a decline in interest rates, and will generally underperform given higher interest rates. Additionally, with fixed rate instruments, the longer the term of the security, generally the more fair value risk there is when interest rates rise. The converse is true when interest rates decline. The securities portfolio is a significant piece of the Corporation’s assets, but there are other crucial elements that management also uses to manage the Corporation’s asset liability position such as cash and cash equivalents and borrowings. Beyond these, management also utilizes other elements of the Corporation’s balance sheet to reduce exposure to higher interest rates. Prime-based loans account for approximately 25% of the Corporation’s total loans which results in this segment of the portfolio having no exposure to interest rate risk because these loans reprice to the new Prime rate whenever there is a Federal Reserve rate movement. The unusually extended period of historically low rates also caused the Corporation’s deposits to undergo major changes in consistency with non-interest bearing accounts and savings accounts responsible for a larger percentage of deposits while time deposits have declined markedly. This has benefited the Corporation’s asset liability position with more core deposits which model with longer lives causing liabilities to extend. The combination of Prime-based loans and longer core deposits has allowed management to historically take on more duration in the securities portfolio. See Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk for further discussion on the Corporation’s management of asset liability risks including interest rate risk and fair value risk.
The majority of the Corporation’s securities are held at the bank level with only a very small portfolio of bank stocks held at the holding company level. With only $267,000 of book value as of December 31, 2017, the non-maturity nature of the Corporation’s bank stock portfolio is not material to the duration of the Corporation’s securities portfolio or assets. The decision to purchase these equity securities at the holding company level took into account tax strategies, market conditions, and other strategic decisions.
Loans
Net loans outstanding increased $25.3 million, or 4.5%, from $564.0 million at December 31, 2016, to $589.3 million at December 31, 2017. The following table shows the composition of the loan portfolio as of December 31 for each of the past five years.
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ENB FINANCIAL CORP
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
LOANS BY MAJOR CATEGORY
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgages | 90,072 | 15.1 | 86,434 | 15.2 | 87,613 | 16.8 | 95,914 | 20.4 | 97,243 | 22.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture mortgages | 152,050 | 25.5 | 163,753 | 28.7 | 158,321 | 30.5 | 140,322 | 29.8 | 114,533 | 26.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Construction | 18,670 | 3.1 | 24,880 | 4.4 | 14,966 | 2.9 | 7,387 | 1.6 | 9,399 | 2.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial real estate | 260,792 | 43.7 | 275,067 | 48.3 | 260,900 | 50.2 | 243,623 | 51.8 | 221,175 | 50.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer real estate (a) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1-4 family residential mortgages | 176,971 | 29.7 | 150,253 | 26.3 | 133,538 | 25.7 | 123,395 | 26.2 | 127,253 | 29.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity loans | 11,181 | 1.9 | 10,391 | 1.8 | 10,288 | 2.0 | 12,563 | 2.7 | 10,889 | 2.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity lines of credit | 61,104 | 10.2 | 53,127 | 9.3 | 37,374 | 7.2 | 27,308 | 5.8 | 21,097 | 4.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consumer real estate | 249,256 | 41.8 | 213,771 | 37.4 | 181,200 | 34.9 | 163,266 | 34.7 | 159,239 | 36.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 41,426 | 6.9 | 42,471 | 7.4 | 36,189 | 7.0 | 31,998 | 6.8 | 28,719 | 6.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-free loans | 20,722 | 3.5 | 13,091 | 2.3 | 19,083 | 3.7 | 11,806 | 2.5 | 10,622 | 2.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agriculture loans | 18,794 | 3.2 | 21,630 | 3.8 | 18,305 | 3.5 | 16,496 | 3.5 | 14,054 | 3.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total commercial and industrial | 80,942 | 13.6 | 77,192 | 13.5 | 73,577 | 14.2 | 60,300 | 12.8 | 53,395 | 12.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 5,320 | 0.9 | 4,537 | 0.8 | 3,892 | 0.7 | 3,517 | 0.7 | 4,063 | 0.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | 596,310 | 100.0 | 570,567 | 100.0 | 519,569 | 100.0 | 470,706 | 100.0 | 437,872 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred loan costs, net | (1,243 | ) | (1,000 | ) | (714 | ) | (462 | ) | (348 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses | 8,240 | 7,562 | 7,078 | 7,141 | 7,219 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total net loans | 589,313 | 564,005 | 513,205 | 464,027 | 431,001 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (a) | Residential real estate loans do not include mortgage loans serviced for others. These loans totaled $98,262,000 as of December 31, 2017, $66,767,000 as of December 31, 2016, $38,024,000 as of December 31, 2015, $16,670,000 as of December 31, 2014, and $4,866,000 as of December 31, 2013. |
The composition of the loan portfolio has remained relatively stable in recent years, with the one major trend being the growth in 1-4 family residential lending. The total of all categories of real estate loans comprised 85.5% of total loans as of December 31, 2017, compared to 85.7% of total loans as of December 31, 2016. Commercial real estate remains the largest category of the loan portfolio, consisting of 43.7% of total loans as of December 31, 2017, compared to 48.3% of total loans as of December 31, 2016. Within the commercial real estate segment there has been a decrease in agricultural mortgages over the past year, with commercial mortgages increasing slightly and construction based mortgages growing in 2015 and 2016 and then declining in 2017. Agricultural purpose loans have averaged approximately 30% of the Corporation’s total loans over the past five-year period, but had experienced a period of rapid growth in 2014 and 2015 followed by slowing in 2016 and declines in 2017. In 2016 the growth rate slowed as economic conditions, namely weaker commodity prices, became more difficult and changes occurred in the Corporation’s agricultural lending team. The reduction in agricultural mortgages in 2017 was caused by a general slowing of the growth rate in the local agricultural industry, a more challenging year for dairy farmers, which account for approximately half the Corporation’s agricultural loans, and a reduction in the pipeline of new agricultural loans caused by the prior changes in the agricultural lending staff. The Corporation has a history of an agricultural focus, which coincides with the market area and type of customers that we serve. In 2017, the Corporation renewed its heavy commitment to agriculture by allocating more resources including the hiring of additional agricultural lenders. Management believes the agricultural loan portfolio will stabilize in 2018, but is also closely tracking the impact of weaker commodity prices on the Corporation’s farmers.
Commercial real estate loans decreased to $260.8 million at December 31, 2017, from $275.1 million at December 31, 2016, a 5.2% decrease. The decline in commercial real estate occurred in the agriculture mortgage and commercial construction loans. Agriculture mortgages declined by $11.7 million, or 7.1%, and commercial construction loans declined by $6.2 million, or 25.0%, from December 31, 2016, to December 31, 2017. Due primarily to competitive pressures and a slowdown in the pipeline for agriculture loans, these balances declined throughout 2017 with growth beginning to pick up again towards the end of the year. The trend over the past five years prior to 2017 had been for
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
agricultural mortgages to grow as a percentage of total commercial mortgages and as a percentage of the total loan portfolio, although 2016 marked a change in this trend with commercial loans beginning to grow faster, initially through construction loans, while agricultural mortgage lending slowed and this trend continued to a larger degree throughout 2017. The agricultural mortgages, along with agricultural loans not secured by real estate, accounted for 28.7% of the entire loan portfolio as of December 31, 2017, compared to 32.5% as of December 31, 2016. Management expects agricultural loans to increase in 2018 with commercial real estate growing at a faster pace. Management believes as economic conditions improve further in 2018, other elements of the local diversified economy outside of the agriculture industry will expand and cause commercial mortgages to grow faster.
The other area of commercial lending is non-real estate secured commercial lending, referred to as commercial and industrial lending. Commercial and industrial loans not secured by real estate accounted for 13.6% of total loans as of December 31, 2017, compared to 13.5% as of December 31, 2016. In scope, the commercial and industrial loans represent approximately 24% of the commercial real estate loans as of December 31, 2017. This is consistent with management’s credit preference for obtaining real estate collateral when making commercial loans. The balance of total commercial and industrial loans increased from $77.2 million at December 31, 2016, to $80.9 million at December 31, 2017, a 4.8% increase. This category of loans generally includes unsecured lines of credit, truck, equipment, and receivable and inventory loans, in addition to tax-free loans to municipalities. The increase in the entire commercial and industrial segment in 2017 was due to an increase in tax-free loans. These loans, consisting of loans to local municipalities, increased by $7.6 million, or 58.3%, from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017. Management anticipates that commercial loans not secured by real estate will continue to experience moderate growth in 2018.
The Corporation provides credit to many small and medium-sized businesses. Much of this credit is in the form of Prime-based lines of credit to local businesses where the line may not be secured by real estate, but is based on the health of the borrower with other security interests on accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, or through personal guarantees. Commercial and industrial loans decreased to $41.4 million at December 31, 2017, a $1.1 million, or 2.6% decrease, from the $42.5 million at December 31, 2016. The commercial and industrial agricultural loans declined over the same period, related to the declining agriculture economic conditions as well as the challenging competitive environment. During 2017, these loans decreased by $2.8 million, or 13.1%, from balances at December 31, 2016. The commercial and industrial agricultural loans are expected to grow moderately in 2018 as management has hired additional agricultural lenders and is expanding efforts to reach more agricultural customers.
As a result of the regulatory concerns regarding commercial real estate (CRE) lending that arose out of the financial crisis, there has been a renewed focus on the amount of CRE loans as a percentage of total risk-based capital. The CRE loans are viewed as having more risk due to the specific types of commercial loans that fall into this category and their heavy reliance on the value of real estate that is used as collateral. During the financial crisis and years immediately after, many financial institutions had CRE loans in excess of 400% of total risk-based capital. Regulators were warning banks of concentrations in CRE loans and the increased risk that they could potentially bring. The Corporation’s level of CRE loans has been low relative to other community banks and the CRE profile has not materially changed over the past several years. The Corporation remains well below the CRE guidelines of 100% of total risk-based capital for construction and development loans, and 300% of risk-based capital for total CRE loans. There are nine categories of CRE loans by definition; however the Corporation only has seven of those types.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
The following chart details the Corporation’s CRE loans as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
| CRE SUMMARY BY CATEGORY | ||||||||||||||||
| (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) | December 31, | |||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Committed | Risk-Based | Committed | Risk-Based | |||||||||||||
| Loan Amount | Capital | Loan Amount | Capital | |||||||||||||
| CRE Description | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||
| Land Development Loans | 5,130 | 4.6 | 11,272 | 10.5 | ||||||||||||
| 1-4 Family Residential Construction Loans | 800 | 0.7 | 3,435 | 3.2 | ||||||||||||
| Commercial Construction Loans | 9,083 | 8.2 | 20,479 | 19.0 | ||||||||||||
| Other Land Loans | 1,501 | 1.3 | 1,548 | 1.4 | ||||||||||||
| Multi-Family Property | 7,603 | 6.8 | 7,385 | 6.9 | ||||||||||||
| Nonfarm, Nonresidential Property | 17,561 | 15.8 | 23,450 | 21.8 | ||||||||||||
| Unsecured Loans to Developers | 1,462 | 1.3 | 1,464 | 1.3 | ||||||||||||
| 43,140 | 38.7 | 69,033 | 64.1 | |||||||||||||
| Corporation's Risk-Based Capital | 111,512 | 107,732 | ||||||||||||||
The Corporation’s level of CRE loans is low relative to other financial institutions in its peer group and as a percentage of risk-based capital, with 38.7% as of December 31, 2017. Management does not believe the Corporation’s CRE profile will change significantly during 2018. Management is closely monitoring all CRE loan types to be able to determine any negative trends that may occur. Management does internally monitor the delinquencies and risk ratings of these loans on a monthly basis and has established internal policy guidelines to restrict the amount of each of the above eight types of CRE loans as a percentage of capital. As of December 31, 2017, the Corporation was well under internal guidelines for all of the above CRE loan types.
Outside of commercial real estate loans, the consumer residential real estate category represents the second largest group of loans for the Corporation. The consumer residential real estate category of total loans increased from $213.8 million on December 31, 2016, to $249.3 million on December 31, 2017, a 16.6% increase. This category includes closed-end fixed rate or adjustable rate residential real estate loans secured by 1-4 family residential properties, including first and junior liens, and floating rate home equity loans. The 1-4 family residential mortgages account for the vast majority of residential real estate loans with fixed and floating home equity loans making up the remainder. Historically, the entire consumer residential real estate component of the loan portfolio has averaged close to 40% of total loans. In 2016, this percentage was 37.4%, and in 2017 it increased to 41.8%. Management expects the consumer residential real estate category to increase at a similar pace in 2018 due to a continued effort to increase mortgage volume. The economic conditions for consumers have also improved slightly going into 2018. Consumer disposable income is higher and home valuations have increased, which has increased the equity available in their homes, however if mortgage rates increase significantly during 2018, it is likely the growth rate could moderate.
The first lien 1-4 family mortgages increased by $26.7 million, or 17.8%, from December 31, 2016, to December 31, 2017. These first lien 1-4 family loans made up 71% of the residential real estate total as of December 31, 2017, and 70% as of December 31, 2016. The vast majority of the first lien 1-4 family closed end loans consist of single family personal first lien residential mortgages and home equity loans, with the remainder consisting of 1-4 family residential non-owner-occupied mortgages. During 2017, mortgage production increased 4% over the prior year. The Corporation experienced increases in both portfolio and secondary market production. The percentage of mortgage originations going in the Corporation’s held for investment mortgage portfolio increased from 52% in 2016 to 55% in 2017, however, held-for-sale production remained consistent. Market conditions were more favorable with gains on the sale of mortgages increasing by 13% in 2017. The Corporation’s continued focus on the growth of the mortgage division led to an incremental increase in purchase-money and new construction concentration; 45% of volume in 2017 was purchase, 27% was residential construction lending, and only 28% was refinance activity. The volume of residential mortgage production in 2017 led to a 17.8% increase in growth of the overall residential loan portfolio, with a significant shift from fixed rate loans to interim adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs), climbing from 28% of the residential loan portfolio at the end of 2016, to 39% at the end of 2017. This shift in production has decreased the bank’s interest rate risk profile and this trend is expected to continue in 2018.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
As of December 31, 2017, the remainder of the residential real estate loans consisted of $11.2 million of fixed rate junior lien home equity loans, and $61.1 million of variable rate home equity lines of credit (HELOCs). This compares to $10.4 million of fixed rate junior lien home equity loans, and $53.1 million of HELOCs as of December 31, 2016. Therefore, combined, these two types of home equity loans increased from $63.5 million to $72.3 million, an increase of 13.9%. The Prime rate had remained at a very low level of 3.25% for seven years beginning in December of 2008 and increased by 25 basis points to 3.50% in December of 2015 and another 25 basis points to 3.75% in December of 2016 before increasing three more times in 2017 ending the year at a rate of 4.50%. The majority of borrowers chose variable-rate HELOC products throughout 2016 and 2017 instead of fixed-rate home equity loans. In addition, multiple HELOC specials with a low introductory rate were offered in 2016 and 2017, which encouraged more HELOC activity resulting in the sizeable increase in this category of loans since the prior year. Management believes consumers may shift to more fixed-rate home equity lending throughout 2018 if the Prime rate continues to increase. While 2017 did not see a significant shift away from the variable-rate HELOC product, the more times the Prime rate increases, the more likely consumers are to evaluate all options and potentially choose to fix their loan for a specified term as opposed to allowing the interest rate to remain variable.
Consumer loans not secured by real estate represent a very small portion of the Corporation’s loan portfolio, accounting for 0.9% of total loans as of December 31, 2017, and 0.8% of loans at December 31, 2016. In recent years, homeowners have turned to equity in their homes to finance cars and education rather than traditional consumer loans for those expenditures. Due to the credit crisis that occurred in 2008 and 2009, specialized lenders began pulling back on the availability of credit and more favorable credit terms. The underwriting standards of major financing and credit card companies began to strengthen in the past few years after years of lower credit standards. This led consumers to seek unsecured credit away from national finance companies and back to their bank of choice. Management has seen the need for additional unsecured credit increase; however, this increased need for credit has only resulted in low levels of additional consumer loans for the Corporation. Slightly higher demand for unsecured credit is being offset by principal payments on existing loans. Consumers are still holding back in the weak economic conditions, many trying to consolidate or pay off their debt. This is controlling the amount of new growth that is occurring in consumer loans.
Management anticipates that the Corporation’s level of consumer loans will likely be relatively unchanged in the near future, as the need for additional unsecured credit in an environment of slowly improving economic conditions is generally being offset by those borrowers wishing to reduce debt levels and move away from the higher cost of unsecured financing relative to other forms of real estate secured financing.
Management does not anticipate that the loan portfolio composition will change materially in 2018, or be subject to any adverse trends, events, or uncertainty. The robust agricultural mortgage growth that occurred in 2015 and prior moderated in 2016 and decreased in 2017 but will likely pick up in 2018 with a renewed focus on this area and a full complement of lending staff. Commercial mortgage growth will be dependent on economic conditions continuing to improve. This has been a trend that management has observed with agricultural lending doing well when the economy is weak and commercial loan activity is diminished. As economic activity increases, the trend begins to reverse with agricultural lending slowing and commercial loan growth increasing. Since commercial lending is highly linked to economic conditions it is likely the entire commercial real estate area will grow as a percentage of total loans. The largest single category of 1-4 family residential mortgages is expected to continue growing but with a slower growth rate. Management would expect this single segment of the loan portfolio to account for approximately 30% of total loans throughout 2018.
The following tables show the maturities for the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2017, by time frame for the major categories, and also the loans, which are floating or fixed, maturing after one year.
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LOAN MATURITIES
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Due After | |||||||||||||||||
| One Year | |||||||||||||||||
| Due in One | Through | Due After | |||||||||||||||
| Year or Less | Five Years | Five Years | Total | ||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | |||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgages | 5,912 | 3,562 | 80,598 | 90,072 | |||||||||||||
| Agriculture mortgages | 8,881 | 3,935 | 139,234 | 152,050 | |||||||||||||
| Construction | 1,080 | 13 | 17,577 | 18,670 | |||||||||||||
| Total commercial real estate | 15,873 | 7,510 | 237,409 | 260,792 | |||||||||||||
| Consumer real estate | |||||||||||||||||
| 1-4 family residential mortgages | 5,820 | 5,883 | 165,268 | 176,971 | |||||||||||||
| Home equity loans | 5,744 | 1,279 | 4,158 | 11,181 | |||||||||||||
| Home equity lines of credit | 42 | 1,475 | 59,587 | 61,104 | |||||||||||||
| Total consumer real estate | 11,606 | 8,637 | 229,013 | 249,256 | |||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | |||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 21,418 | 16,998 | 3,010 | 41,426 | |||||||||||||
| Tax-free loans | — | — | 20,722 | 20,722 | |||||||||||||
| Agriculture loans | 12,276 | 4,498 | 2,020 | 18,794 | |||||||||||||
| Total commercial and industrial | 33,694 | 21,496 | 25,752 | 80,942 | |||||||||||||
| Consumer | 1,953 | 3,122 | 245 | 5,320 | |||||||||||||
| Total amount due | 63,126 | 40,765 | 492,419 | 596,310 | |||||||||||||
FIXED AND FLOATING RATE LOANS DUE AFTER ONE YEAR
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| Floating or | ||||||||||||
| Fixed Rates | Adjustable Rates | Total | ||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | ||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgages | 3,589 | 80,571 | 84,160 | |||||||||
| Agriculture mortgages | 3,531 | 139,638 | 143,169 | |||||||||
| Construction | 574 | 17,016 | 17,590 | |||||||||
| Total commercial real estate | 7,694 | 237,225 | 244,919 | |||||||||
| Consumer real estate | ||||||||||||
| 1-4 family residential mortgages | 79,307 | 91,844 | 171,151 | |||||||||
| Home equity loans | 3,197 | 2,240 | 5,437 | |||||||||
| Home equity lines of credit | 6,881 | 54,181 | 61,062 | |||||||||
| Total consumer real estate | 89,385 | 148,265 | 237,650 | |||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | ||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 18,630 | 1,378 | 20,008 | |||||||||
| Tax-free loans | 18,145 | 2,577 | 20,722 | |||||||||
| Agriculture loans | 3,984 | 2,534 | 6,518 | |||||||||
| Total commercial and industrial | 40,759 | 6,489 | 47,248 | |||||||||
| Consumer | 3,367 | — | 3,367 | |||||||||
| Total amount due | 141,205 | 391,979 | 533,184 | |||||||||
The majority of the Corporation’s fixed-rate loans have a maturity date longer than five years. The primary reason for the longevity of the portfolio is the high percentage of real estate loans, which typically have maturities of 15 or 20 years. Fixed-rate commercial mortgages have maturities that range from 3 years to 25 years. The most popular commercial mortgage term is a 20-year amortization with a 5-year reset period. In this case, the loan matures in twenty years but after five years either the loan rate resets to the Prime rate plus 0.75%, or a fixed rate for another reset period.
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The original maturity date does not change. Customers will generally opt for another fixed reset period within the original term.
Out of all the loans due after one year, 26.5% are fixed-rate loans as of December 31, 2017. These loans will not reprice to a higher or lower interest rate unless they mature or are refinanced by the borrower. Floating or adjustable rate loans reflect different types of repricing. Approximately 35% of the $392.0 million of floating or adjustable loans due after one year are true floating loans. These loans are tied to the Prime rate and will reprice when the Prime rate changes. For commercial customers, generally all pass credits have been granted access to the Prime rate since 2011. However, a number of the Corporation’s business and commercial Prime-based loans have been priced at levels above the Prime rate due to the credit standing of the borrower. In terms of consumer real estate loans utilizing the Prime rate for pricing, the most common rate is Prime; however, the Corporation now utilizes risk-based pricing which causes HELOCs to be priced at various multiples of the Prime rate. Outside of a six-month introductory rate, the majority of the Corporation’s HELOCs were priced at 4.50%, 4.75%, and 5.00% as of December 31, 2017. The other 65% of the Corporation’s floating or adjustable loans due after one year are adjustable in nature and will reprice at a predetermined time in the amortization of the loan. These loans are mostly real estate commercial loans.
As of December 31, 2016, 40% of the $369.1 million of floating or adjustable loans due after one year were true floating rate loans that could reprice immediately, with the other 60% being adjustable after an initial fixed rate period. The percentage of loans that can reprice immediately decreased from 40% as of December 31, 2016, to 35% as of December 31, 2017. This decrease was a function of more consumers fixing their loans during 2017 with multiple Federal Reserve rate increases. True floating rate loans that would immediately reprice according to changes in the Prime rate are favorable in reducing the Corporation’s total exposure to interest rate risk and fair value risk should interest rates increase. It is likely the borrowing habits of commercial borrowers will continue to change as the Fed continues to raise rates in 2018. More commercial customers will desire to lock into an initial fixed interest rate period to avoid these future rate increases. This could cause a surge in commercial loan activity in early 2018 as commercial borrowers attempt to act ahead of further Federal Reserve rate actions.
For more details regarding how the length of the loan portfolio and its repricing affects interest rate risk, please see Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Non-Performing Assets
Non-performing assets include:
| · | Non-accrual loans |
| · | Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing |
| · | Troubled debt restructurings |
| · | Other real estate owned |
NON-PERFORMING ASSETS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-accrual loans | 393 | 721 | 380 | 967 | 1,101 | |||||||||||||||
| Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing | 440 | 384 | 378 | 384 | 231 | |||||||||||||||
| Troubled debt restructurings, non-performing | 245 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Total non-performing loans | 1,078 | 1,105 | 758 | 1,351 | 1,332 | |||||||||||||||
| Other real estate owned | — | — | — | 69 | 39 | |||||||||||||||
| Total non-performing assets | 1,078 | 1,105 | 758 | 1,420 | 1,371 | |||||||||||||||
| Non-performing assets to net loans | 0.18% | 0.20% | 0.15% | 0.31% | 0.32% | |||||||||||||||
Non-performing assets decreased by $29,000, or 2.6%, from December 31, 2016, to December 31, 2017, primarily as a result of lower levels of non-accruals partially offset by slightly higher loans past due 90 days or more and the addition of one loan considered a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). If a TDR is on non-accrual status, it is considered a non-accrual loan for purposes of this schedule. A TDR is a loan where management has granted a concession to the borrower
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from the original terms. A concession is generally granted in order to improve the financial position of the borrower and improve the likelihood of full collection by the lender. The TDR loan as of December 31, 2017, was an agriculture loan restructured in the second quarter of 2017. The loan is considered a TDR because the borrower was granted a six-month interest-only period on this loan. There were no non-performing TDR loans as of December 31, 2016. Management continues to monitor delinquency trends and the level of non-performing loans as a leading indicator of future credit risk. At this time, management believes that the potential for material losses related to non-performing loans remains low but is likely to trend higher. This is more of a function of the Corporation’s non-performing assets already being at very low historical levels. It is far more likely the level of non-performing assets would increase than decline to lower levels. The level of the Corporation’s non-performing loans remains very low relative to the size of the portfolio and relative to peers.
As of December 31, 2017, there were four loans to unrelated borrowers totaling $391,000 on non-accrual compared to four loans to three unrelated borrowers totaling $721,000 as of December 31, 2016. The largest non-accrual loan at December 31, 2017, was a loan with a balance of $224,000 to a borrower in the home improvement industry. This customer also had loans on non-accrual status as of December 31, 2016, with balances of $492,000. Charge-offs of $275,000 were recorded in 2017 related to this borrower which caused non-accrual loans in total to decrease from the prior year-end.
The Corporation’s diverse customer base, with many small businesses and industry types represented, has helped to avoid large concentrations in industries where significant non-performance is more likely. See Note P for further discussion on concentrations of credit risk. Severe economic conditions naturally will impact nearly all industries to some extent; however, the impact can vary greatly. Some businesses simply are not as successful in negotiating more difficult times, or may be impacted by non-economic matters like succession planning and poor business practice. Based on present economic conditions, management does not anticipate any significant new trends or the emergence of more severe trends beyond those already discussed.
As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Corporation had no properties classified as other real estate owned (OREO). Expenses related to OREO are included in other operating expenses and gains or losses on the sale of OREO are included in other income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Total delinquencies include loans 30 to 59 days past due, loans 60 to 89 days past due, loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing, and non-accrual loans. Total delinquencies as a percentage of total loans decreased from 0.59% as of December 31, 2016, to 0.31% as of December 31, 2017. Management believes that the low levels of delinquencies experienced in 2016 and 2017 will continue in 2018 as economic conditions continue to improve. All of the Corporation’s delinquency percentages are significantly below the Corporation’s national peer group average. The potential for significant losses related to delinquent loans is difficult to predict as actual charge-offs are dependent on more than the level of delinquency. Management does view that the levels of delinquency, as well as net charge-offs, are at such historic lows that there is more likelihood they will increase going forward than decline. However, management currently does not expect the overall level of delinquencies to change materially in 2018.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses is established to cover any losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Management reviews the adequacy of the allowance each quarter based upon a detailed analysis and calculation of the allowance for loan losses. This calculation is based upon a systematic methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The calculation includes estimates and is based upon losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The calculation, and detailed analysis supporting it, emphasizes the level of delinquent, non-performing and classified loans. The allowance calculation includes specific provisions for non-performing loans and general allocations to cover anticipated losses on all loan types based on historical losses. Based on the quarterly loan loss calculation, management will adjust the allowance for loan losses through the provision as necessary. Changes to the allowance for loan losses during the year are primarily affected by three events:
| · | Charge off of loans considered not recoverable |
| · | Recovery of loans previously charged off |
| · | Provision or credit for loan losses |
The Corporation’s strong credit and collateral policies have been instrumental in producing a favorable history of loan losses. In the years immediately following the financial crisis the Corporation experienced an increase in the number of charged-off loans and a greater number of classified loans. The higher amount of charge-offs coincided with the harsh economic conditions that followed the financial crisis, which had a material impact on several of the Corporation’s
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commercial borrowers. As a result, the Corporation began increasing the provision for loan losses which grew from 1.38% of total loans as of December 31, 2009, to 1.72% as of December 31, 2010, to 2.06% of total loans as of December 31, 2011. This was a sharp increase in the allowance over a two-year period and marked an historic level for the Corporation. However, the amount of charged-off loans had already started to decline back to more normal levels in 2011 and management was making steady progress in reducing classified loans. Therefore, management was able to begin reducing the provision expense at the end of 2011, and then crediting provision expense in 2012, 2013, and 2014 as further progress was made.
While many financial institutions experienced this pattern of an escalation of allowance for loan losses after the financial crisis, then followed with reductions to the allowance in the form of credit provisions, the Corporation generally lagged this trend. This was due to following a steady decline of the Corporation’s classified assets, delinquencies and non-performing loans. It took a longer period to bring the allowance back down to levels supported by the quarterly allowance for loan loss calculation. After three years of credit provisions, 2015, 2016, and 2017 marked a return to a more normal provision expense.
The Allowance for Loan Losses table below shows the activity in the allowance for loan losses for each of the past five years. At the bottom of the table, two benchmark percentages are shown. The first is net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans outstanding for the year. The second is the total allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 1, | 7,562 | 7,078 | 7,141 | 7,219 | 7,516 | |||||||||||||||
| Loans charged off: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | (200 | ) | — | (272 | ) | (204 | ) | — | ||||||||||||
| Consumer real estate | — | — | (28 | ) | — | (84 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | (89 | ) | (23 | ) | (44 | ) | (12 | ) | (41 | ) | ||||||||||
| Consumer | (28 | ) | (31 | ) | (18 | ) | (19 | ) | (22 | ) | ||||||||||
| Total charge-offs | (317 | ) | (54 | ) | (362 | ) | (235 | ) | (147 | ) | ||||||||||
| Recoveries of loans previously charged off: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | — | — | 34 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer real estate | 20 | 10 | — | 5 | — | |||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 24 | 193 | 112 | 201 | 74 | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 11 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Total recoveries | 55 | 213 | 149 | 207 | 75 | |||||||||||||||
| Net loans recovered (charged off) | (262 | ) | 159 | (213 | ) | (28 | ) | (72 | ) | |||||||||||
| Provision charged (credited) to operating expense | 940 | 325 | 150 | (50 | ) | (225 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, | 8,240 | 7,562 | 7,078 | 7,141 | 7,219 | |||||||||||||||
| Net (charge-offs) recoveries as a % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| of average total loans outstanding | (0.05 | ) | 0.03 | (0.04 | ) | (0.01 | ) | (0.02 | ) | |||||||||||
| Allowance at year end as a % of total loans | 1.38 | 1.32 | 1.36 | 1.52 | 1.65 | |||||||||||||||
Charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2017, were $318,000, compared to $54,000 for the same period in 2016. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Corporation charged off $275,000 related to a single commercial borrower. While this charge-off was higher than charge-offs in 2016, the Corporation’s level of charge-offs are still very low compared to the peer group average. Outside of this commercial charge-off, the other charge-offs represent a fairly typical level of consumer and small business loan charge-offs that would result from management charging off unsecured debt over 90 days delinquent with little likelihood of recovery.
During 2017, the Corporation recorded provision expense of $940,000 compared to $325,000 during 2016. The provision is used to increase or decrease the allowance for loan losses to a level considered adequate to provide for losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Throughout 2013 and 2014, after analysis of various factors, the allowance for loan loss calculation resulted in a reduction of the provision because of significant improvements in the loan portfolio related to delinquent, non-performing, and classified loans. Provision expense was recorded in 2015, 2016, and 2017 primarily due to slightly higher charge-offs in 2015 and 2017 as well as significant loan portfolio growth in all years. Management closely tracks delinquent, non-performing, and classified loans as a percentage of capital and of the loan portfolio.
From December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017, there was a $2.4 million, or 16.7% increase, in substandard loans, which are considered classified loans and receive the highest degree of attention from management due to identified weaknesses. Substandard loans also have a larger impact to the allowance for loan loss calculation due to the increased likelihood of further credit deterioration. Special mention loans decreased $4.5 million, from $11.2 million at December 31, 2016, to $6.7 million at December 31, 2017. The decrease in special mention loans resulted from a mix of downgrades to substandard, loan payoffs, and upgrades to various pass ratings. Special mention loans, while not considered classified loans, do receive more scrutiny than a standard pass grade commercial loan and are assigned higher allocations for loan losses due to their status. All of the Corporation’s substandard and special mention borrowers will be reassessed as final 2017 financial information is received in early 2018.
The allowance as a percentage of total loans represents the portion of the total loan portfolio for which an allowance has been provided. For the five-year period from 2013 through 2017, the Corporation maintained an allowance as a percentage of loans in a range between 1.32% and 1.65%. In 2017, the percentage increased from 1.32% at the beginning of the year, to 1.38% as of December 31, 2017. The composition of the Corporation’s loan portfolio has not changed materially from 2016 to 2017 and management views the overall risk profile of the portfolio to be similar to what it was in 2016. Management will continue to increase or decrease the allowance as a percentage of total loans
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
based on the quarterly calculation of the allowance for loan losses. Any increases are based on the need to allocate additional amounts based on estimated credit losses inherent in the current portfolio, utilizing historical and projected credit losses and levels of qualitative and quantitative risks that are appropriate based on the current credit environment. The Corporation’s allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loans will likely remain relatively unchanged throughout 2018.
The net charge-offs as a percentage of average total loans outstanding indicates the percentage of the Corporation’s total loan portfolio that has been charged off during the period. The Corporation has historically experienced very low net charge-off percentages due to conservative credit practices. In 2017, net charge-offs represented 0.05% of average total loans outstanding compared to net recoveries of 0.03% in 2016.
The following table provides the allocation of the Corporation’s allowance for loan losses by major loan classifications. The percentage of loans indicates the percentage of the loan portfolio represented by the indicated loan type.
ALLOCATION OF RESERVE
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| % of | % of | % of | % of | % of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | Loans | $ | Loans | $ | Loans | $ | Loans | $ | Loans | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real estate | 5,915 | 85.5 | 5,447 | 85.7 | 5,234 | 85.1 | 5,201 | 86.5 | 5,003 | 86.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 1,829 | 13.6 | 1,552 | 13.5 | 1,314 | 14.2 | 1,301 | 12.8 | 1,416 | 12.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 98 | 0.9 | 82 | 0.8 | 62 | 0.7 | 66 | 0.7 | 102 | 0.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unallocated | 398 | — | 481 | — | 468 | — | 573 | — | 698 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total allowance for loan losses | 8,240 | 100.0 | 7,562 | 100.0 | 7,078 | 100.0 | 7,141 | 100.0 | 7,219 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate loans represent 85.5% of total loans with 71.8% of the allowance covering these loans. Real estate secured loans have historically experienced lower losses than non-real estate secured loans, accounting for the difference. The combined consumer and business real estate portion of the loan portfolio increased by $21.2 million, or 4.3%, from December 31, 2016, to December 31, 2017 causing an additional $468,000 to be placed in the allowance for these loans.
Commercial and industrial loans not secured by real estate have historically experienced higher loan losses as a percentage of balances and therefore requires a larger relative percentage of the reserve. The reserve allocated to these loans has increased and decreased in recent years, but has not changed significantly as a percentage of total loans. For 2017, the dollar amount of allocation for commercial and industrial loans increased by $277,000, or 17.8%, with this allocation accounting for 22.2% of the total allowance as of December 31, 2017 compared to 20.5% of the total allowance as of December 31, 2016. The increase in the commercial and industrial allocation is a reflection of the higher level of risk taken on in this category of loans.
As of December 31, 2017, 71.8% of the allowance was allocated to real estate secured loans, both consumer and commercial, which make up 85.5% of all loans, while 22.2% of the allowance was allocated to commercial and industrial loans, which make up 13.6% of all loans.
The amount of allowance allocated to consumer loans has always been very small as generally consumer loans more than 90 days delinquent are charged off. The amount of allowance allocated to consumer lines and personal loans is based on historical losses and qualitative factors.
The $398,000 unallocated portion of the allowance as of December 31, 2017, decreased slightly from the balance at the end of 2016, and the unallocated portion as a percentage of the total allowance declined from 6.4% at December 31, 2016, to 4.8% at December 31, 2017.
Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, increased by $3,119,000, or 13.8%, to $25,687,000 on December 31, 2017, from $22,568,000 as of December 31, 2016. During 2017, capital investments were made by the Corporation in new branch offices as well as investments at existing branches. The new investments that did occur in premises and equipment were primarily due to purchases associated with the new branch in Strasburg, Pennsylvania. In 2017, $4,506,000 of new investments were made in premises and equipment, while the Corporation recorded $1,387,000
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of accumulated depreciation on existing assets, resulting in the increase in net premises and equipment during the year. The Corporation had $2,773,000 in construction in process at the end of 2017 compared to $180,000 at the end of 2016. This higher level of construction in process was due to the construction of the full-service Strasburg branch office which was completed and opened in January of 2018. For further information on fixed assets refer to Note D to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Regulatory Stock
The Corporation owns multiple forms of regulatory stock that is required to be a member of the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) and members of banks such as the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of Pittsburgh and Atlantic Community Bankers Bank (ACBB). The Corporation’s $5,794,000 of regulatory stock holdings as of December 31, 2017, consisted of $5,606,000 of FHLB of Pittsburgh stock, $151,000 of FRB stock, and $37,000 of Atlantic Community Bancshares, Inc. stock, the Bank Holding Company of ACBB. All of these stocks are valued at a stable dollar price, which is the price used to purchase or liquidate shares; therefore, the investment is carried at book value and there is no fair market value adjustment.
The Corporation’s investment in FHLB stock is required for membership in the organization. The amount of stock required is dependent upon the relative size of outstanding borrowings from FHLB. Excess stock is typically repurchased from the Corporation on a quarterly basis at par if outstanding borrowings decline to a predetermined level. The FHLB also pays a quarterly dividend on the outstanding shares held by the Corporation. The FHLB’s quarterly dividend yield was 5.00% annualized on activity stock and 2.00% annualized on membership stock as of December 31, 2017. Most of the Corporation’s dividend is based on the activity stock, which is based on the amount of borrowings and mortgage activity with FHLB. In addition to the normal quarterly dividend, the FHLB paid a special dividend in the first quarter of 2015 due to their record earnings and strong financial position as of December 31, 2014. The Corporation will continue to monitor the financial condition of the FHLB quarterly to assess its ability to continue to regularly repurchase excess capital stock and pay a quarterly dividend.
Management believes that the FHLB will continue to be a primary source of wholesale liquidity for both short-term and long-term funding. Management’s strategy in terms of future use of FHLB borrowings is addressed under the Borrowings section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance (BOLI)
The Corporation owned life insurance with a total recorded cash surrender value (CSV) of $27,814,000 on December 31, 2017, compared to $24,687,000 on December 31, 2016. The Corporation holds two distinct BOLI programs. The first, with a CSV of $4,775,000, was the result of insurance policies taken out on directors of the Corporation electing to participate in a directors’ deferred compensation plan. The program was designed to use the insurance policies to fund future annuity payments as part of a directors’ deferred compensation plan that permitted deferral of Board pay from 1979 through 1999. The plan was closed to entry in 1999, when directors were no longer provided the option of deferring their Board pay. The Corporation pays the required premiums for the policies and is the owner and beneficiary of the policies. The life insurance policies in the plan generally have annual premiums; however, the premium payments are not required after the first five years.
The second BOLI plan was originated in 2006 when life insurance was first taken out on a select group of the Corporation’s officers. The additional income generated from this BOLI plan is to assist in offsetting the rising cost of benefits currently being provided to all employees. The most recent BOLI investment was a $2.5 million investment made in December of 2017. This caused a sharper increase in BOLI CSV in 2017. The CSV for this plan was $23,039,000 as of December 31, 2017, compared to $19,961,000 at December 31, 2016. The CSV increase of $3,078,000 during 2017 was the result of the additional $2.5 million investment as well as internal return generated from these policies net of the cost of insurance. The Corporation purchased whole life policies for this BOLI plan and is the owner and beneficiary of the policies.
Deposits
The Corporation’s total ending deposits increased $49.0 million, or 6.0%, from $817.5 million on December 31, 2016, to $866.5 million on December 31, 2017. Customer deposits are the Corporation’s primary source of funding for loans and investments. In recent years the economic weakness and volatile performance of the stock market and other types of investments like real estate led customers back to banks as safe places to invest money, in spite of historically low interest rates. In addition to this trend, there was significant market disruption in the Corporation’s market area beginning in 2015 that greatly impacted 2016 and 2017, which resulted in customers seeking a new local financial
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis
institution to meet their needs. Most of the growth in deposit balances during 2017 was in non-interest bearing demand accounts, money market deposit accounts, and savings accounts, with higher cost deposits like time deposits decreasing.
The Deposits By Major Classification table, shown below, provides the average balances and rates paid on each deposit category for each of the past three years. The average 2017 balance carried on all deposits was $831.8 million, compared to $767.9 million for 2016. This represents an increase of 8.3% on average deposit balances. The increase in average deposit balances from 2015 to 2016 was 9.4%. Average balances provide a more accurate picture of growth in deposits because deposit balances can vary throughout the year. In addition, the interest paid is based on average deposit balances carried during the year calculated on a daily basis.
DEPOSITS BY MAJOR CLASSIFICATION
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Average balances and average rates paid on deposits by major category are summarized as follows:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest bearing demand | 287,928 | — | 247,730 | — | 209,327 | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing demand | 18,742 | 0.25 | 17,360 | 0.22 | 13,420 | 0.26 | ||||||||||||||||||
| NOW accounts | 84,232 | 0.15 | 85,222 | 0.13 | 75,044 | 0.15 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Money market deposit accounts | 98,548 | 0.18 | 86,176 | 0.15 | 71,774 | 0.18 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 187,018 | 0.05 | 163,210 | 0.05 | 140,379 | 0.05 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 155,285 | 0.95 | 168,182 | 1.01 | 192,005 | 1.11 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 831,753 | 767,880 | 701,949 | |||||||||||||||||||||
The growth and mix of deposits is often driven by several factors including:
| · | Convenience and service provided |
| · | Fees |
| · | Strength of the financial institution |
| · | Permanence of the financial institution |
| · | Possible risks associated with other investment opportunities |
| · | Current rates paid on deposits compared to financial competition |
The Corporation has been a stable presence in the market area and offers convenient locations, relatively low service fees, and competitive interest rates because of a strong commitment to the customers and the communities that it serves. Management has always priced products and services in a manner that makes them affordable for all customers. This, in turn, creates a high degree of customer loyalty, which has provided stability to the deposit base. In 2016, management saw significant deposit inflows due to merger activity in the local market. While this deposit growth slowed during 2017, there was still significant deposit growth experienced throughout the year. The Corporation continues to generally benefit from the customers’ preference to conduct business with a smaller financial institution versus a larger institution. The Corporation’s deposits also grew in the Morgantown, Georgetown, and Strasburg market areas where new branches were opened in 2016 and 2017. These offices significantly expanded the Corporation’s market area, which management continues to execute as part of the strategic plan.
The average balance of the Corporation’s core deposits, including non-interest bearing demand deposits, interest-bearing demand deposits, NOW accounts, MMDA accounts, and savings accounts, grew $76.8 million, or 12.8%, since December 31, 2016. Interest rates are at historic lows, which results in less motivation for customers to shop interest rates because the differential between high and low rates is compressed. Management believes customers are trying to build more liquid funds as a matter of prudence to position themselves to invest when rates rise more sharply. The safety of FDIC-insured funds and immediate access to funds in a low interest rate environment was more of a priority to customers than interest rates, however, as interest rates continue to increase, this attitude is beginning to change which will likely result in a change in the mix of deposits and more deposits potentially leaving the Corporation.
Time deposits are typically a more rate-sensitive product making them a less reliable source of funding. Time deposits fluctuate as consumers search for the best rates in the market, with less allegiance to any particular financial institution. Due to current adequate funding levels from all sources, the Corporation’s recent time deposit strategy has been to offer rates that meet or slightly exceed the average rates offered by the local competing banks. This strategy will not grow
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