UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K/A

Amendment No. 1

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

Commission File Number: 000-18805

ELECTRONICS FOR IMAGING, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

6750 Dumbarton Circle, Fremont, CA 94555

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(650) 357-3500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:                                                       None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common stock was last sold on June 30, 2017 was $2,168,108,942 *

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, $.01 par value per share, as of February 28, 2018 was 45,007,892.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement to be delivered to stockholders in connection with the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III hereof.

* Based on the last trade price of the registrant’s common stock reported on The NASDAQ Global Select Market on June 30, 2017, the last business day of the registrant’s second quarter of the 2017 fiscal year.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A (Amendment No. 1) is being filed to amend our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 (Original Filing), filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 16, 2018 (Original Filing Date). The sole purpose of this Amendment No. 1 is to amend the following:

Except as described above, no changes have been made to the Original Filing and this Amendment No. 1 does not modify, amend or update any of the financial or other information contained in the Original Filing. This Amendment No. 1 does not reflect events that may have occurred subsequent to the Original Filing Date.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain of the information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including, without limitation, statements made under this Part I, Item 1, “Business,” Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and Part II Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” which are not historical facts, may include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), and is subject to risks and uncertainties and actual results or events may differ materially. When used herein, words such as “address,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “consider,” “continue,” “develop,” “estimate,” “expect,” “further,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” variations of such words, and similar expressions as they relate to the Company or its management are intended to identify such statements as “forward-looking statements.” Such statements reflect the current views of the Company and its management with respect to future events and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, the Company’s actual results, performance, or achievements could differ materially from the results expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from those included in the forward-looking statements made herein include, without limitation, those factors discussed in Item 1, “Business,” in Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in the Company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including the Company’s most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments thereto. The Company assumes no obligation to revise or update these forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, events, or changes in factors or assumptions affecting such forward-looking statements.

PART I

References to “EFI,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” mean Electronics For Imaging, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

Item 1: Business

Filings

We file Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, and other documents with the SEC under the Exchange Act. The public may read and copy any materials that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at Room 1580, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an internet website that contains reports, proxy statements, information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including EFI, that file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that we file with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.

We also make available free of charge through our internet website (http://www.efi.com) our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, and if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. None of the information on our website is incorporated by reference into our reports filed with, or furnished to, the SEC.

General

EFI was incorporated in Delaware in 1988 and commenced operations in 1989. Our initial public offering of common stock was completed in 1992. Our common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol EFII. Our corporate headquarters are located at 6750 Dumbarton Circle, Fremont, California 94555.

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We are a world leader in customer-centric digital printing innovation focused on the transformation of the printing, packaging, ceramic tile decoration, and textile industries from the use of traditional analog based printing to digital on-demand printing.

Our products include industrial super-wide and wide format display graphics, corrugated packaging and display, textile, and ceramic tile decoration digital inkjet printers that utilize our digital ink, industrial digital inkjet printer parts, and professional services; print production workflow, web-to-print, cross-media marketing, fashion design, and business process automation solutions; and color printing digital front ends (“DFEs”) creating an on-demand digital printing ecosystem. Our ink includes digital ultra-violet (“UV”) curable, light emitting diode (“LED”) curable, ceramic, water-based, thermoforming, and specialty ink, as well as a variety of textile ink including dye sublimation, pigmented, reactive dye, acid dye, pure disperse dye, water-based dispersed printing ink, and coatings. Our award-winning business process automation solutions are integrated from creation to print and are vertically integrated with our industrial digital inkjet printers and products produced by the leading production digital color page printer manufacturers that are driven by our Fiery DFEs.

Our product portfolio includes industrial super-wide and wide format digital inkjet products (“Industrial Inkjet”) including VUTEk display graphics super-wide and wide format, Nozomi corrugated packaging, Reggiani textile, Cretaprint ceramic tile decoration and building material industrial digital inkjet printers and ink; print production workflow, web-to-print, cross-media marketing, Optitex textile two-dimensional (“2D”) and three-dimensional (“3D”) computer aided fashion design (“CAD”) applications, and business process automation software (“Productivity Software”), which provides corporate printing, packaging, corrugated packaging, publishing, and mailing and fulfillment solutions for the printing and packaging industry; Fiery DFEs (“Fiery”), including the FreeFlow Print Server DFE, and Generation Digital print and fabric design software. Our integrated solutions and award-winning technologies are designed to automate print and business processes, streamline workflow, provide profitable value-added services, and produce accurate digital output.

Products and Services

Industrial Inkjet

Our Industrial Inkjet products address the high-growth industrial digital inkjet markets where significant conversion of production from analog to digital inkjet printing is occurring. The Industrial Inkjet operating segment consists of our VUTEk super-wide and wide format display graphics, Nozomi corrugated packaging and display, Reggiani textile, and Cretaprint ceramic tile decoration and building material industrial digital inkjet printers; digital UV curable, LED curable, ceramic, water-based, thermoforming, and specialty ink, as well as a variety of textile ink including dye sublimation, pigmented, reactive dye, acid dye, pure disperse dye, water-based dispersed printing ink, and coatings; digital inkjet printer parts; and professional services. Printing surfaces include paper, vinyl, corrugated, textile, glass, plastic, aluminum composite, ceramic tile, wood, and many other flexible and rigid substrates.

Customer Base. Our industry-leading VUTEk display graphics super-wide and wide format UV, LED, and thermoforming industrial digital inkjet printers and ink are used by commercial photo labs, large sign shops, graphic screen printers, specialty commercial printers, and digital and billboard graphics providers serving the out-of-home advertising and industrial specialty print segments by printing banners, signage, building wraps, flags, point of purchase and exhibition signage, backlit displays, fleet graphics, photo-quality graphics, art exhibits, customized architectural elements, billboards, thermoplastic decoration, and other large graphic displays. We launched the Nozomi single-pass industrial digital inkjet platform in 2017, which is sold to the corrugated, paper packaging, display graphics, and other markets. We sell EFI hybrid, roll to roll, and flatbed UV wide format graphics printers and ink to the industrial digital inkjet display graphics printer market. We sell Reggiani textile digital inkjet printers and textile ink to the display graphics soft signage market and textile contract printers serving major textile brand owners and fashion designers, the home furnishings market, as well as the global printed textile industry. We sell Cretaprint ceramic tile decoration and building material digital inkjet printers and ceramic digital ink to the ceramic tile and building materials manufacturing industries.

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Our VUTEk display graphics super-wide and wide format, and Nozomi corrugated packaging and display industrial digital inkjet printers incorporate “cool cure” LED printing technology. LED technology uses less heat than the traditional curing process resulting in increased uptime and greater reliability. Energy assessments conducted by the Fogra Graphic Technology Research Association have shown that our super-wide format printers with LED curing can reduce energy consumption by up to 82% when compared with printers that use conventional mercury arc lamps, as well as enabling printing on thinner and heat sensitive substrates.

Super-wide Format. We launched next generation printer models and new finishing modules of our high-speed, high-resolution super-wide format industrial digital inkjet printers in 2017, 2016, and 2015, as well as new super-wide format industrial digital inkjet roll-to-roll printers in 2017 and 2016.

Our HS series of printers are alternatives to analog presses used by high volume graphic producers and are based on pin & cure printing technology. We launched the HS125 Pro digital inkjet printer in 2016, which is a 3.2 meter hybrid flatbed/roll-fed printer that prints on flexible and rigid materials up to two inches thick utilizing UltraFX Technology that enhances the visual impact of the printed image and reduces the appearance of unwanted visual artifacts.

The GS/LX family of super-wide format industrial digital inkjet printers offers the highest quality in a super-wide format. The LX models incorporate LED technology. We launched the 3.2 meter hybrid flatbed/roll-to-roll LX3 Pro digital inkjet printer in 2015, which prints on flexible and rigid materials up to two inches thick utilizing UltraFX Technology. The LX3 is well suited for the point-of-purchase printing environment. Our GS3250LX and GS2000LX offer smaller drop sizes and more precise control.

The H/QS family of super-wide format industrial digital inkjet printers offers high quality and productivity for the mid-range market in a super-wide format. The two meter H2000 Pro printer provides a more affordable entry point into high-end production printing for signage and graphics companies with the option to add features as their business grows. H2000 Pro users can run flexible, rigid, and sheet media up to two inches thick.

VUTEk super-wide format industrial digital inkjet roll-to-roll printers include advanced material handling features such as in-line cutting and slitting. In 2017, we launched the VUTEk 3r and 5r LED roll-to-roll printers, which print at speeds up to 4,896 square feet per hour, with resolutions up to 1,200 dpi, and incorporating 7-picoliter Ultra-Drop technology. In 2016, we launched the Quantum LXr 3.5 and 5.2 meter LED roll-to-roll printer, which is an alternative to latex printers featuring 7-picoliter imaging and resolution up to 1,200 dpi.

Corrugated Packaging and Display. In 2017, we launched the Nozomi C18000 single-pass industrial digital inkjet platform. The Nozomi C18000 is a 1.8 meter, single pass, high speed LED industrial digital inkjet corrugated packaging press for the corrugated, paper packaging, display printing, and other markets that prints up to 75 linear meters (246 linear feet) per minute.

Label Printing. On November 1, 2017 (“Effective Date”) we entered into a Support Services and License Agreement (“Agreement”) with Xeikon, N.V. (“Xeikon”), which is a division of the Flint Group headquartered in Luxembourg. Pursuant to the Agreement, we provided Xeikon access to the Jetrion customer list, which enabled Xeikon to sell Jetrion printers and re-sell our UV and LED label ink. Xeikon will purchase UV and LED label ink exclusively from us and resell to both our current customer base as well as new Xeikon inkjet customers. We will not sell Jetrion printers for four years after the Effective Date.

Wide Format. Our EFI hybrid flatbed/roll-to-roll and dedicated roll-to-roll entry level, overflow, and specialty production UV wide format digital inkjet printers are developed, manufactured, and marketed to the entry-level and mid-range industrial digital inkjet printer market. In 2017, we launched our wide format Pro 24f flatbed and Pro 16h LED hybrid roll-to-roll / flatbed printers. The Pro 24f LED flatbed wide format printer utilizes a moving gantry and a vacuum system to hold media stationary on a flat surface. This wide format printer has a 32 square-foot bed, prints in four colors plus white ink, and is appropriate for specialty applications up to 2 inches thick.

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The Pro 16h LED hybrid wide format printer prints up to 29 square meters per hour in four colors plus white ink up to 2 inches thick We launched our wide format H1625 SD 1.6 meter hybrid roll-to-roll /flatbed printer in 2015. The H1625 SD utilizes thermoforming ink, which enables sign makers and printing companies to print directly onto thermoplastic sheet materials, which can then be formed into deep draw, high elongation parts while retaining hue and opacity. We launched our wide format H1625 RS printer in 2015, which prints 1.6 meter widths directly to 3M reflective media in roll, sheeted, and mounted to rigid forms. The H1625 includes LED technology enabling printing on a broad range of substrates, including media that cannot withstand the high-heat drying or curing methods used in other inkjet platforms.

Textile. Reggiani industrial digital inkjet textile printers address the full scope of advanced textile printing with versatile printers suitable for pigmented, reactive dye, acid dye, and water-based dispersed printing ink. Reggiani is at the forefront of digital printing as an alternative to either analog printing or single color (dyed) garments. Reggiani provides an overall solution for the entire textile printing process from yarn treatment to fabric printing and finishing for a wide variety of substrates and applications (fashion, home textile, sportswear, signage, flooring, automotive, and outdoor).

A significant driver for the adoption of digital textile printing is the growth of “fast fashion,” which is a term used by fashion retailers to express the need for designs to move quickly from the catwalk to the retailer to capture current fashion trends. The digital textile printing market has also benefitted from sports apparel with short run production quantities, closer geographic proximity to end-use markets, and environmental awareness.

Reggiani industrial digital inkjet textile printing systems use water-based ink and advanced streamlined automation that provide a total solution for textile businesses. The TOP digital inkjet textile printer is a fast throughput machine that can be used with reactive, acid, disperse, dye sublimation, and pigmented ink. The Essetex 2 meter wide washing box is the ideal system for knitted and light fabrics, particularly where print washing is beneficial for delicate textiles and for post-dyeing of printed cloth. The NEXT printer prints on fabrics and paper using the same ink set with a 1.8 meter beltless digital printing system and offers simplified material handling, a compact footprint, and a lower acquisition cost, making it an ideal entry-level textile printing production device.

In 2017, we launched the 5.2 meter VUTEk FabriVU printer, which runs at speeds up to 455 square meters per hour in resolutions up to 1,200 dpi. In 2017, we also launched the Flexy and Vogue industrial digital textile printers. The 1.8 meter Flexy printer offers our Dynaplast sticky belt technology, printing with up to 2,400 dpi resolution with a speed of 400 square meters per hour. The Vogue printer includes new printing software, integrated environmental sensors and a new printing server, with 16 print heads, up to 2,400 dpi resolution, and printing up to 325 square meters per hour. In 2016, we launched the 1.8 and 3.4 meter VUTEk FabriVU super-wide format industrial digital inkjet soft signage printers, which utilize water-based sublimation ink and are manufactured in our Reggiani facility. The 1.8 and 3.4 meter FabriVU printers offer print speeds up to 464 square meters per hour at 600 dpi and resolution up to 2,400 dpi and utilize water-based sublimation ink.

Ceramic Tile Decoration. Our Cretaprint ceramic tile decoration digital inkjet printers are utilized by the ceramic tile and building material manufacturing industries. The ceramic tile decoration market is transitioning from analog to digital inkjet printing technology.

In 2017, we launched the Cretaprint C4 Twin, featuring a dual print head approach with up to four double print bars with widths up to 0.7 meters. We also launched the Cretaprint P4 in 2017 featuring up to 12 print bars, 1.4 meter print widths, and resolution of 360 dpi. We launched the Cretaprint D4 in 2016, which features up to 12 print bars, and gives users the ability to incorporate a full range of ceramic ink and digital print effects. We also launched the Cretaprint M4 and M4 SOL printer platforms in 2016, which allow customers to print on larger tile sizes up to 1.2 meters wide and offers enhanced imaging quality with variable-drop grayscale imaging. The Cretaprint M4 SOL is a soluble salt inkjet printer.

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We launched the Cretaprint C4, which is our next generation ceramic tile decoration digital inkjet printer, in 2015. Electronics and ink systems were upgraded to maximize accuracy in a broad range of production conditions. The Cretaprint C4 printer allows the use of different print heads and digital applications on the same machine.

In 2017, we launched the Cubik printer for the building materials industry, offering up to 8 print bars, with a printing width up to 1.8 meters and a print speed up to 75 linear m/min. The Cubik printer can apply a variety of decoration effects to building materials, supporting both short run and variable prints as well as high volume runs.

Ink. Our ink provides a recurring revenue stream generated from sales to our existing customer base of installed printers.

VUTEk printers primarily use digital UV and LED curable ink, although our solvent ink printers remain in use in the field. We were first to market with digital UV curable ink incorporating “cool cure” LED technology for use in high-end production super-wide, wide format, and corrugated packaging and display digital inkjet printing systems. We sell a variety of third party branded textile ink to users of our textile digital inkjet printers, including dye sublimation, pigmented, reactive dye, acid dye, water-based dispersed printing ink, and coatings. We launched our internal formulation of our reactive dye ink in 2016. In 2016, we introduced our soluble salt-based ceramic digital ink formulation and we introduced AquaEndure acqueous ink, which is a water-based inkjet ink that will be used across many of our printers in the future.

We acquired Rialco Limited (“Rialco”) in 2016, which supplies dye powders and color products for the textile, digital print, and other decorating industries. Rialco’s pure disperse dyes are particularly important in the manufacture of high-quality dye sublimation inkjet ink for textile applications, which is a key growth area in the global migration from analog to digital print. Rialco’s technical and commercial capabilities benefit the Industrial Inkjet operating segment in the sourcing, specification, and purification of high quality dyes and expand our research, development, and innovation base to develop ink for the signage, ceramic, and packaging markets.

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Our industrial digital inkjet printers and their related features are as follows:

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Productivity Software

To provide our customers with solutions to manage and streamline their printing operations, we have developed technology that enhances printing workflow and makes printing operations more powerful, productive, cost-effective, and easier to manage. Most of our software solutions have been developed with the express goal of automating print processes and streamlining workflow via open, integrated, and interoperable products, services, and solutions.

The Productivity Software operating segment consists of a complete software suite that enables efficient and automated end-to-end business and production workflows for the print and packaging industry. This Productivity Suite also provides tools to enable revenue growth, efficient scheduling, and optimization of processes, equipment, and personnel. Customers are provided the financial and technical flexibility to deploy locally within their business or to be hosted in the cloud. The Productivity Suite addresses all segments of the print industry and consists of the: (i) Packaging Suite, with Radius at its core, for tag & label, cartons, and flexible packaging businesses; (ii) Corrugated Packaging Suite, with CTI at its core, for corrugated packaging businesses, including corrugated control capability using EFI Escada; (iii) Enterprise Commercial Print Suite with Monarch at its core, for enterprise print businesses; (iv) Publication Print Suite, with Monarch or Technique at its core, for publication print businesses; (v) Midmarket Print Suite, with Pace at its core, for medium size print businesses; (vi) Quick Print Suite, with PrintSmith Vision and essential capabilities of Digital StoreFront at its core, for small printers and in-plant sites; and (vii) Value Added Products, available with the suite and standalone, such as web-to-print, e-commerce, cross media marketing, warehousing, fulfillment, shop floor data collection, and shipping to reduce costs, increase profits, and offer new products and services to their existing and future customers. We also market Optitex fashion CAD software, which facilitates fast fashion increased efficiency in the textile and fashion industries.

Customer Base. We sell the Packaging Suite to the label, cartons, and flexible packaging industry; the Corrugated Packaging Suite to the corrugated packaging industry; the Enterprise Commercial Print Suite to large and multi-national commercial print businesses; the Publication Print Suite to publication and direct mail print businesses; the Midmarket Print Suite to medium size commercial print businesses, display graphics providers, and government printing operations; the Quick Print Suite to small printers and in-plant printing operations; Value Added Products including Digital StoreFront and DirectSmile to customers desiring e-commerce, web-to-print, and cross-media marketing solutions; and Optitex to the leading fashion brands and manufacturers.

Our enterprise resource planning and collaborative supply chain business process automation software solutions are designed to enable printers and print buyers to improve productivity and customer service while reducing costs. Web-to-print applications for print buyers and print producers facilitate web-based collaboration across the print supply chain. Customers recognize that business process automation is essential to improving their business practices and profitability. We are focused on making our business process automation solutions the global industry standard. We provide consulting and support services, as well as warranty support for our software products. We typically sell an annual full-service maintenance agreement with each license that provides warranty protection from date of shipment. The sale and renewal of annual maintenance agreements provide a recurring revenue stream.

The acquisition of Escada Innovations Limited and Escada Systems, Inc. (collectively “Escada”) provides corrugator control systems for the corrugated packaging market, which provide comprehensive control and traceability for the entire corrugation process. The acquisition of Optitex Ltd. (“Optitex”) in 2016 expanded our presence in the digital inkjet textile printing market through the synergy of Optitex technology with the Reggiani digital inkjet textile printer business. Optitex markets integrated 2D and 3D CAD software that shortens the design cycle, reduces our customers’ costs, and accelerates the adoption of fast fashion.

New Version Releases and Product Offerings. Integration among our software offerings is achieved through the end-to-end automation including certified workflows and synchronized releases across multiple products

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afforded by our Productivity Suite consisting of the Packaging Suite, Corrugated Packaging Suite, Enterprise Commercial Print Suite, Publication Print Suite, Midmarket Print Suite, Quick Print Suite, and Value Added Products. Integration of our software product offerings provides:

New versions have been released for each of our significant software components and new product offerings have resulted from strategic business acquisitions. New product offerings that have resulted from strategic business acquisitions are described under “Growth and Expansion Strategies” below.

The Packaging Suite includes 22 certified workflows that provide unprecedented levels of business and production automation geared toward folding carton, tag and label, and flexible package converting environments. Enhancements integrate Radius software, intelligent estimating and planning with iQuote software, automated planning optimization with Metrix software, and key third party

software such as the Esko Automation Engine. The Corrugated Packaging Suite was enhanced with the acquisition of Escada Innovations Limited and Escada Systems, Inc., (collectively, “Escada”) in 2017, a leading provider of corrugator control systems for the corrugated packaging market. The Enterprise Commercial Print Suite includes improvements in inventory and purchasing, support for Digital StoreFront web-to-print services, stronger customer relationship management tools including the ability to add attachments to forms and expanded reporting capabilities and extended capabilities in dynamic estimating and planning. The Midmarket Print Suite includes web-to-print, cross-media marketing, estimating, scheduling, accounting, and fulfillment applications. Enhancements include easier access to quotes, improved estimating, and more advanced filtering tools to drive efficiency in job estimating and production. Product-specific applications unique to the super-wide format print space, such as fleet and vehicle wraps, point-of-purchase signage and outdoor graphics. The Quick Print Suite includes a cloud-based platform for in-plant and quick print operations to reduce the customer deployment and maintenance burden. The Optitex Collaborate Application was released in early 2017 and is driven by cloud-based textile design technology that enables instant sharing among pattern makers, designers, and print teams for faster and more accurate apparel prototyping.

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Our primary software offerings include:

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Fiery

Our Fiery brand consists of Fiery and the FreeFlow print server business (“FFPS”), which was recently acquired from Xerox Corporation (“Xerox”) that transform digital copiers and printers into high performance networked printing devices for the office, commercial, and industrial printing markets. Once networked, Fiery-powered printers and copiers can be shared across workgroups, departments, the enterprise, and the internet to quickly and economically produce high-quality color products. We have direct relationships with several leading printer manufacturers. We work closely together to design, develop, and integrate Fiery DFE and software technology to maximize the capability of each print engine. The printer manufacturers act as distributors and sell Fiery products to end customers through reseller channels. End customer and reseller channel preference for the Fiery DFE and software solutions drives demand for Fiery products through the printer manufacturers.

Fiery products are comprised of (i) stand-alone DFEs connected to digital printers, copiers, and other peripheral devices, (ii) embedded DFEs and design-licensed solutions used in digital copiers and multi-functional devices, (iii) optional software integrated into our DFE solutions such as Fiery Central and Graphics Arts Package, (iv) Fiery Self Serve, our self-service and payment solution, and (v) stand-alone software-based solutions such as our proofing, textile, and scanning solutions.

Fiery and FFPS DFEs. The Fiery NX Pro was launched in 2017, providing faster views of job status and easier device management. The Fiery FS300 Pro was launched in 2017, enabling enhanced functionality with throughput up to 2,400 ppm. The latest Fiery proServer features a highly advanced FAST (Fiery Accelerated System Technology) HyperRIP engine for quick file processing on super-wide hybrid, flatbed, and roll-to-roll printers. The new FS300 features supported by the Fiery NX Premium hardware station include the ability to over-print up to 127 spot colors per page. The Fiery XB DFE was released in 2016 incorporating a scalable high-volume blade server technology for high speed inkjet presses processing at 100 meters per minute of 1.8 meter wide corrugated boards or in excess of 13,000 sheets per hour. The Fiery FS200 Pro DFE was released in 2015 incorporating higher speed processing, expanded color offerings, shop automation, and connectivity.

Fiery XF 6.3 is a DFE and color management workflow for super-wide and wide format printing and proofing, featuring real WYSIWYG tiling preview, the Fiery Dynamic Smoothing function, and the Fogra Process Standard Digital. The Fogra Graphic Technology Research Association establishes process standards for the digital printing industry. Fiery proServer is a DFE and color management workflow for the super-wide format and ceramic tile decoration digital inkjet printer market.

Fiery proServer 7.0 was released in 2015 and processes complex vector data up to seven times faster than its predecessor. Fiery proServer is compatible with 540 super-wide, wide format, and ceramic printers from numerous major manufacturers.

In 2017, we acquired certain assets comprising the FFPS business from Xerox. The FFPS business manufactures and markets the FFPS DFE, which previously competed with our Fiery DFEs and is now included in our Fiery operating segment.

Software Solutions. Fiery Command WorkStation 6.0 job management interface software was released in 2017 featuring automated job presets, faster job searching capabilities, new user interface, advanced tools for printing multi-bank and bleed-edge tabbed documents, and the Home integrated interface, which is a new feature that provides at-a-glance status information for all connected Fiery servers and a snapshot of key print production statistics.

Fiery Workflow Suite is an integrated set of Fiery products, including Fiery Central, Fiery JobFlow, and Fiery JobMaster, among others, to deliver a fully integrated workflow from job submission and business management to scheduling, preparation, and production.

Fiery Navigator is a cloud-based digital printing business intelligence tool for digital production presses that was launched in 2016. Fiery Navigator provides printers with more insight into their production data to optimize

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resource allocation, ensure compliance with operating procedures, and make equipment decisions by capturing key operational data points and displaying production analytics in a comprehensive, customizable dashboard.

Fiery Self Serve. is a leading provider of self-service and payment solutions that allows service providers to offer access to business machines including printers, copiers, computers/internet access, fax machines, and photo printing kiosks from mobile phones, iPad^®, USB drives, and cloud accounts such as Google Drive TM Dropbox. The M500 is a flexible and scalable system, which addresses demands for printing from any mobile device as well as from popular cloud storage services, and accepts credit cards, campus cards, and cash cards at the device, thereby eliminating the need for coin-operated machines. The M500 integrates with campus identification card systems and campus card solutions such as CBORD, Odyssey, and Blackboard. Self-Serve AdminCentral is a cloud-based management system for the M500 product.

Generation Digital. The 2017 acquisition of Generation Digital strengthens our fast fashion offerings, with design software for the textile and fashion industries. The Generation Digital textile design workflow combines with our Fiery textile DFEs and Reggiani digital textile printers linking textile design and production,

Our DFE platforms, primary printer manufacturer customers, and end user environments are as follows:

Sales, Marketing, and Distribution

We have assembled, internally and through acquisitions, an experienced team of technical support, sales, and marketing personnel with backgrounds in color reproduction, digital pre-press, image processing, business process automation systems, networking, and software and hardware engineering, as well as market knowledge of enterprise printing, packaging, graphic arts, fulfillment systems, cross-media marketing, imposition solutions, textile printing, fashion design, ceramic tile decoration, building materials and nonconventional materials, and commercial printing. We expect to continue to expand the scope and sophistication of our products and gain access to new markets and channels of distribution by applying our expertise in these areas.

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Industrial Inkjet

Our Industrial Inkjet products are sold primarily through our direct sales force augmented by some select distributors. Any interruption of either of these distribution channels could negatively impact us in the future. See Item 1A: Risk Factors—We rely on our distribution channels to ensure sales growth.

We entered the corrugated inkjet printer market with the introduction of our Nozomi digital inkjet corrugated printer in 2017. We are leveraging our existing display graphics sales team together with dedicated packaging specialists and participation in corrugated packaging trade shows in most major markets around the globe. The market for corrugated digital printers is new and our team will be building market demand for this approach as well as selling our printers. See Item 1A: Risk Factors—If we fail to continue to introduce new products that achieve market acceptance on a timely basis, we will not be able to compete effectively and we will be unable to increase or maintain net revenue and gross margins.

Textile digital printing is an alternative to either analog printing or dyed garments. Widespread adoption of digital textile printing depends on the willingness and ability of businesses in the printed textile industry to replace their existing analog printing systems and dyed garments with digital printing systems.

The adoption of digital textile printing is dependent to some extent on the growth of “fast fashion,” and has also benefitted from sports apparel with shorter production runs, closer geographic proximity to end-use markets, and environmental awareness. A key element of our inkjet textile printing growth strategy is to market digital inkjet printing systems to contract printers that serve major textile brand owners and fashion designers.

The ceramic tile industry has undergone a shift from southern Europe (e.g., Spain and Italy) to the emerging markets of China, India, Brazil, and Indonesia. As a result, we operate a Cretaprint sales and support center in Foshan, Guangdong, China, in addition to our facilities in Spain. Foshan is home to the largest concentration of ceramic tile manufacturers in China.

We promote our Industrial Inkjet products through public relations, direct mail, advertising, promotional material, trade shows, and ongoing customer communication programs. The majority of sales leads for our inkjet printer sales are generated from trade shows. There were approximately 1,300 attendees from 37 countries at our 2017 EFI Connect User Conference, which generates leads for the Industrial Inkjet and Productivity Software operating segments and generates end user demand for the Fiery segment. We promoted our Cretaprint products, including the new P4 and C4 Twin, at the 2017 Ceramics China tradeshow in Guangzhou.

In 2016, we entered into an agreement with a third party that facilitates our European customers’ equipment financing. The agreement provides customers with new leasing opportunities for EFI’s industrial digital inkjet printers in many European countries.

Productivity Software

Our enterprise resource planning and collaborative supply chain business process automation software solutions within our Productivity Software portfolio are primarily sold directly to end users by our direct sales force. An additional distribution channel for our Productivity Software products is through sales to a mix of distribution channels consisting of authorized distributors, dealers, and resellers who in turn sell the software solutions to end users either stand-alone or bundled with other solutions they offer.

We have distribution agreements with some customers, including Canon, Konica Minolta, Ricoh, Xerox, Esko, and Veritiv (formerly xpedx). There are a number of small private resellers of our business process automation software in different geographic regions throughout the world where a direct sales force is not cost-effective.

We have established a new e-commerce platform specifically for fabric soft signage production operations and ink. The on-line ordering technology offers a new level of turnkey flexibility for increasingly popular fabric graphics applications, including outdoor, trade show, and point-of-purchase displays.

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We sell Optitex directly to the leading fashion brands and manufacturers through a direct sales force and distribution channels consisting of authorized distributors, dealers, and resellers.

Fiery

The primary distribution channel for our Fiery products is through our direct relationships with several leading printer manufacturers. We work closely together to design, develop, and integrate Fiery DFE and software technology to maximize the capability of each print engine. The printer manufacturers act as distributors and sell Fiery products to end customers through reseller channels. End customer and reseller channel preference for our Fiery DFE and software solutions drives demand for Fiery products through the printer manufacturers.

Although end customer and reseller channel preference for Fiery products drives demand, most Fiery revenue relies on these significant printer manufacturers/distributors to integrate Fiery technology into the design and development of their print engine as described above. See Item 1A: Risk Factors—We do not typically have long-term purchase commitments with the printer manufacturer customers that purchase our Fiery DFE and software solutions. They have in the past reduced or ceased, and could at any time in the future reduce or cease, to purchase products from us, thereby harming our operating results and business. Our relationships with the leading printer and copier industry companies are among our most important assets. We have established relationships with leading printer and copier industry companies, including Canon, Seiko Epson, Fuji Xerox, Kodak, Konica Minolta, Kyocera Document Solutions, Landa, OKI Data, Ricoh, Riso Global Network, Sharp, Toshiba, and Xerox. These relationships are based on business relationships that have been established over time. Our agreements generally do not require them to make any future purchases from us as of December 31, 2017. They are generally free to purchase and offer products from our competitors, or build their own products for sale to the end customer, or cease purchasing our products at any time, for any reason, or no reason.

Fiery Self Serve is our self-service and payment solution that is sold to Canon, FedEx Office, Konica Minolta, Ricoh, Staples, and Xerox. Fiery Self Serve is also marketed to college campuses and libraries.

We sell our proofing products primarily to authorized distributors, dealers, and resellers who in turn sell the solutions to end users either stand-alone or bundled with other solutions they offer. Primary customers with whom we have established distribution agreements include Canon, Xerox, and Heidelberg. We sell color matching, color palette creation, and print design software to the fashion industry. There can be no assurance that we will continue to successfully distribute our products through these channels.

Growth and Expansion Strategies

The growth and expansion of our revenue will be derived from (i) product innovation through internal development efforts or business acquisition, (ii) increasing market coverage through internal efforts or business acquisition, (iii) expanding the addressable market, and (iv) establishing enterprise coherence and leveraging industry standardization.

Product Innovation. We achieve product innovation through internal research and development efforts, as well as by acquiring businesses with technology that is synergistic with our product lines and may be attractive to our customers. We expect to expand and improve our offerings of new generations of Industrial Inkjet products, including super-wide and wide format, textile, corrugated packaging and display, and ceramic tile decoration industrial digital inkjet printers. We expect to expand and improve our Productivity Software offerings, including new product lines related to digital printing, graphic arts, fulfillment systems, cross-media marketing, image personalization, workflow, packaging, 3D textile design, print management, and building materials.

We have established relationships with many leading distribution companies in the graphic arts and commercial print industries such as Nazdar, 3M, and Veritiv, as well as significant printer manufacturing companies including Xerox, Ricoh, Canon, and Konica Minolta. We have also established global relationships with many of

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the leading print providers, such as R.R. Donnelley, Donnelley Financial Solutions, FedEx Office, and Staples. These direct sales relationships, along with dealer arrangements, are important for our understanding of the end markets for our products and serve as a source of future product development ideas. In many cases, our products are customized for the needs of large customers, yet maintain the common intuitive interfaces that we are known for around the world.

The development of our Productivity Suite provides tools to facilitate customer revenue growth, efficient scheduling, and optimization of processes, equipment, and personnel. Customers are provided the financial and technical flexibility to deploy locally within their business or to be hosted in the cloud.

Increasing Market Coverage. We are increasing our market coverage through penetration of our sales and distribution networks, expansion into emerging markets in China, India, Latin America and Asia Pacific (“APAC”), and acquisitions that are synergistic with our other businesses such as the Generation Digital and Escada acquisitions. The Generation Digital textile design workflow is integrated with our Fiery textile DFEs and Reggiani digital textile printers linking textile design and production. Escada provides corrugator control systems for the corrugated packaging market, which provide comprehensive control and traceability for the entire corrugation process.

Expanding the Addressable Market. We are expanding our addressable market by extending into new markets within each of our operating segments such as textile digital inkjet printing, textile 3D design, ceramic tile decoration, thermoplastic pre-decoration, image personalization, imposition solutions, various cloud-based software solutions, self-service and payment solutions, and mobile printing. Further growth in the addressable markets for Industrial Inkjet, Productivity Software, and Fiery has been driven by our integration of the production workflow among these operating segments. Growth in the addressable market for corrugated packaging and building materials has resulted from our new Nozomi and Cubik products.

Establishing Enterprise Coherence and Leveraging Industry Standardization. Our goal is to offer best in class solutions that are interoperable and conform to open standards, which will allow customers to configure the most efficient solution for their business by establishing enterprise coherence and leveraging industry standardization.

We establish coherence across our product lines by designing products and platforms that provide a consistent “look and feel” to the end user. Cross-product coherence creates higher productivity levels as a result of shortened learning curves. The integrated coherence that end users can achieve using our products for all of their digital printing and imaging needs leads to a lower total cost of ownership. Open architecture utilizing industry-established standards to provide interoperability across a range of digital printing devices and software applications ultimately provides end users with more choice and flexibility in their selection of products. For example, integration between our cloud-based Digital StoreFront application, our Pace business process automation application, and our Fiery XF Production Color RIP including integration to our Fiery or VUTEk product lines, is achieved by leveraging the industry standard Job Definition Format. Our Productivity Suite has taken this integration further through end-to-end automation including certified workflows and synchronized releases across multiple products consisting of our Packaging Suite, Corrugated Packaging Suite, Enterprise Commercial Print Suite, Publication Print Suite, Midmarket Print Suite, Quick Print Suite, and Value Added Products.

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Recent Business Acquisitions. We achieve product innovation through internal research and development efforts, as well as by acquiring businesses with technology that is synergistic with our product lines and may be attractive to our customers. We also acquire businesses to expand our market coverage and customer base. The impact of our business acquisitions on product innovation, market coverage, and addressable market during 2017, 2016, and 2015 is summarized as follows:

We will continue to be acquisitive in the future in an opportunistic way supporting our product innovation, market coverage, and total addressable market expansion strategies.

Backlog

Although we obtain firm purchase orders from our significant printer manufacturer customers in our Fiery operating segment, these customers typically do not issue such purchase orders until 30 to 90 days before shipment. The non-linear nature of our Industrial Inkjet and Productivity Software operating segments results in customer contracts and purchase orders that are not shipped at the end of the year, which are not material and are not a meaningful indicator of future business prospects.

Significant Relationships

We have established and continue to build and expand relationships with the leading printer manufacturers and distributors of digital printing technology to benefit from their products, distribution channels, and marketing resources. Our customers include domestic and international manufacturers, distributors, and sellers of digital printers. We work closely with the leading printer manufacturers to develop solutions that incorporate leading technology and work optimally in conjunction with their products. The top revenue-generating printer manufacturers, that we sold products to in 2017, in alphabetical order, were Canon, Fuji Xerox, Konica Minolta, Kyocera Document Solutions, Landa, OKI Data, Ricoh, RISO Global Network, Seiko Epson, Sharp, Toshiba, and Xerox (“leading printer manufacturers”). Because sales of our printer and copier-related products constitute a significant portion of our Fiery revenue and there are a limited number of printer manufacturers producing copiers and printers in sufficient volume to be attractive customers for us, we expect to continue to depend on a relatively small number of printer manufacturers for a significant portion of our revenue in future periods.

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Revenue from the leading printer manufacturers was 26%, 28%, and 33% of our consolidated revenue, during 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Although end customer and reseller channel preference for Fiery products drives demand, most Fiery revenue relies on the leading printer manufacturer / distributors to integrate Fiery technology into the design and development of their print engines. Accordingly, if we experience reduced sales or lose an important printer manufacturing customer, we will have difficulty replacing the revenue with sales to new or existing customers.

We customarily enter into development and distribution agreements with our significant printer manufacturer customers. These agreements can be terminated under a range of circumstances and often on relatively short notice. The circumstances under which an agreement can be terminated vary from agreement to agreement and there can be no assurance that these significant printer manufacturers will continue to purchase products from us in the future, despite such agreements. Our agreements generally do not commit such customers to make future purchases from us. They could decline to purchase products from us in the future and could purchase and offer products from our competitors, or develop their own products for sale to the end customer. We recognize the importance of, and strive to maintain, our relationships with the leading printer manufacturers. Relationships with these companies are affected by a number of factors including, among others: competition from other suppliers, competition from their own internal development efforts, and changes in general economic, competitive, or market conditions including changes in demand for our products, changes in demand for the printer manufacturers’ products, industry consolidation, or fluctuations in currency exchange rates. There can be no assurance that we will continue to maintain or build the relationships we have developed to date. See Item 1A: Risk Factors—We do not typically have long-term purchase commitments with the printer manufacturer customers that purchase our Fiery DFE and software solutions. They have in the past reduced or ceased, and could at any time in the future reduce or cease, to purchase products from us, thereby harming our operating results and business.

We have a continuing relationship pursuant to a license agreement with Adobe Systems, Inc. (“Adobe”), as amended. We license PostScript^® software from Adobe for use in many of our Fiery solutions under the OEM Distribution and License Agreement entered into in September 2005, as amended from time to time. Under our agreement with Adobe, we have a non-exclusive, non-transferable license to use the Adobe deliverables (including any software, development tools, utilities, software development kits, fonts, drivers, documentation, or related materials). The scope of additional licensing terms varies depending on the type of Adobe deliverable. Our agreement with Adobe was amended on February 1, 2018, to automatically renew annually. The agreement can be terminated by either party upon 120 days prior written notice. All royalties due to Adobe under the agreement are payable within 45 days after the end of each calendar quarter.

Each Fiery solution requires page description language software provided by Adobe, which is a leader in providing page description software. Adobe’s PostScript^® software is widely used to manage the geometry, shape, and typography of hard copy documents. Adobe can terminate our current PostScript^® software license agreement without cause. Although to date we have successfully obtained licenses to use Adobe’s PostScript^® software when required, Adobe is not required to, and we cannot be certain that Adobe will, grant future licenses to Adobe PostScript^® software on reasonable terms, in a timely manner, or at all. In addition, to obtain licenses from Adobe, Adobe requires that we obtain quality assurance approvals from them for our products that use Adobe software. If Adobe does not grant us such licenses or approvals, if the Adobe licenses are terminated, or if our relationship with Adobe is otherwise materially impaired, we would likely be unable to sell products that incorporate Adobe PostScript^® software. If that occurred, we would have to license, acquire, develop, or re-establish our own competing software as a viable alternative for Adobe PostScript^® software and our financial condition and results of operations could be significantly harmed for a period of time. See Item 1A: Risk Factors—We license software used in most of our Fiery products and certain Productivity Software products from Adobe and the loss of these licenses would prevent shipment of these products.

Our industrial inkjet printers require inkjet print heads that are manufactured by a limited number of suppliers. If we experience difficulty obtaining print heads, our inkjet printer production would be limited. In addition, we

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manufacture UV curable and ceramic digital ink for use in our printers and rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain pigments used in our ink. Our ink sales would decline significantly if we were unable to obtain the pigments when needed. See Item 1A: Risk Factors—We depend on a limited group of suppliers for key components in our products. The loss of any of these suppliers, the inability of any of these suppliers to meet our requirements, or delays or shortages of supply of these components could adversely affect our business.

Human Resources

As of December 31, 2017, we employed 3,366 full time employees. Approximately 989 were in sales and marketing (including 416 in customer service), 442 were in general and administrative, 706 were in manufacturing, and 1,229 were in research and development. Of the total number of employees, 1,485 employees were located in the Americas (primarily the U.S. and Brazil) and 1,881 were located outside of the Americas.

Research and Development

Research and development expense was $157.4, $151.4, and $141.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, 1,229 of our 3,366 full-time employees were involved in research and development. We believe that development of new products and enhancement of existing products are essential to our continued success. We intend to continue to devote substantial resources to research and new product development. We expect to continue to make significant expenditures to support research and development in the foreseeable future. New platforms and ink formulations will continue to be developed for Industrial Inkjet print technologies and ceramic tile decoration as the industry accelerates its transition from analog to digital technology, from solvent-based printing to UV curable ink printing, and adopts digital textile printing due to the growth of “fast fashion.” We are developing new software applications designed to maximize work flow efficiencies and meet the needs of graphic arts and commercial print professions, including business process automation, web-to-print, e-commerce, cross-media marketing, imposition, proofing solutions, and 3D textile CAD applications. We are developing products to support additional printing devices including high-end color copiers and multi-functional devices. We have research and development sites in 15 U.S. locations, as well as in India, Europe, Israel, the United Kingdom (“U.K.”), Brazil, and Canada. Substantial additional expense is required to complete and bring to market products that are currently under development.

Manufacturing

We are leveraging efficiencies in our worldwide digital inkjet printer manufacturing operations by centralizing super-wide format textile digital inkjet printer production in Italy and transferring production of super-wide format roll-to-roll digital inkjet printers to Israel to leverage the lower cost platform in this manufacturing facility.

We utilize subcontractors to manufacture our Fiery products and, to a lesser extent, our super-wide and wide format industrial digital inkjet printers. These subcontractors work closely with us to promote low cost and high quality while manufacturing our products. Subcontractors purchase components needed for our products from third parties. We are dependent on the ability of our subcontractors to produce the products we sell. Although we supervise our subcontractors, there can be no assurance that such subcontractors will perform efficiently or effectively. We have outsourced our Fiery production with Avnet, Inc. (“Avnet”), formulation of ceramic ink to two subcontractors, and formulation of textile ink to third party branded suppliers, with the exception of reactive dye textile ink, which we formulate in our Bedford, U.K. facility.

Should our subcontractors experience inability or unwillingness to manufacture or deliver our products, then our business, financial condition, and operations could be harmed. Since we generally do not maintain long-term agreements with our subcontractors and such agreements may be terminated with relatively short notice, any of our subcontractors could terminate their relationship with us and/or enter into agreements with our competitors that might restrict or prohibit them from manufacturing our products or could otherwise lead to an inability or

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unwillingness to fill our orders in a timely manner or at all. See Item 1A: Risk Factors—We are dependent on a limited number of subcontractors, with whom we do not have long-term contracts, to manufacture and deliver products to our customers. The loss of any of these subcontractors could adversely affect our business.

Our VUTEk display graphics super-wide format industrial digital inkjet printers are primarily manufactured in a single location in our Meredith, New Hampshire facility. In 2016, we transferred VUTEk roll-to-roll printer production to our Rosh Ha’Ayin, Israel, facility, our FabriVu textile digital inkjet printer production to our Bergamo, Italy, facility, and certain wide format industrial digital inkjet printers to our Castellon, Spain, facility.

We have encountered difficulties in hiring and retaining adequate skilled labor and management because Meredith is not located in a major metropolitan area. In 2016, we entered into a six-year lease with Bank of Tokyo—Mitsubishi UFJ Leasing & Finance LLC (“BTMU”) whereby a 225,000-square foot manufacturing and warehouse facility is under construction in Manchester, New Hampshire, related to our super-wide and wide format printer business in the Industrial Inkjet operating segment, which is scheduled to be completed in the first half of 2018. The new manufacturing center will allow consolidation of operations into a single facility and include research & development, manufacturing, warehousing, training, and service for super-wide and wide format printers, along with worldwide sales and marketing management for our broader portfolio of industrial digital inkjet printers and presses.

Our VUTEk roll-to-roll super-wide format industrial digital inkjet printers are manufactured in a single location in our Rosh Ha’Ayin, Israel facility. Our Reggiani textile industrial digital inkjet printers are manufactured in a single location in our Bergamo, Italy facility. Our Cretaprint ceramic tile decoration and Nozomi corrugated packaging digital inkjet printers are manufactured in a single location in our Castellon, Spain facility. Our UV curable and LED curable digital ink that is used in our display graphics super-wide and wide-format industrial digital inkjet printers are formulated in a single location in our Ypsilanti, Michigan facility. Our reactive dye ink that is used in our textile digital inkjet printers is formulated in a single location in our Bedford, U.K., facility.

Most components used to manufacture our printers and ink are available from multiple suppliers, except for inkjet print heads, branded textile ink, and certain key ingredients (primarily pigments and photoinitiators) for our digital UV curable ink. Although typically in low volumes, many key components are sourced from single vendors. If we were unable to obtain the print heads currently used, we would be required to redesign our printers to use different print heads. If we were unable to obtain the branded textile ink or the pigments required for our digital UV curable ink, we would have to qualify other sources, if possible, or reformulate and test the new ink formulations. In our Industrial Inkjet facilities, we use hazardous materials to formulate digital UV curable and ceramic digital ink, as well as store internally formulated and third-party ink. The storage, use, and disposal of those materials must meet the requirements of various environmental regulations.

See Item 1A: Risk Factors—If we are not able to hire and retain skilled employees, we may not be able to develop and manufacture products, or meet demand for our products, in a timely fashion; We manufacture super-wide and wide format industrial digital inkjet printers and formulate UV curable, LED curable, and reactive dye ink primarily in single locations. Any significant interruption in the manufacturing process at these facilities could adversely affect our business; We depend on a limited group of suppliers for key components in our products. The loss of any of these suppliers, the inability of any of these suppliers to meet our requirements, or delays or shortages of supply of these components, could adversely affect our business; and We may be subject to environmental-related liabilities due to our use of hazardous materials and solvents.

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Significant components necessary for manufacturing our products are obtained from a sole supplier or a limited group of suppliers. We depend largely on the following sole and limited source suppliers for our components and manufacturing services:

We generally do not maintain long-term agreements with our component suppliers. We primarily conduct business with such suppliers largely on a purchase order basis. If any of our sole or limited source suppliers were unwilling or unable to supply us with the components for which we rely on them, we may be unable to continue manufacturing our products utilizing such components.

The absence of agreements with many of our suppliers also subjects us to pricing fluctuations, which is a factor we believe is partially offset by the desire of our suppliers to sell a high quantity of components. Many of our components are similar to those used in personal computers; consequently, the demand and price fluctuations of personal computer components could affect our component costs. In the event of unanticipated volatility in demand for our products, we may be unable to manufacture certain products in quantities sufficient to meet end user demand or we may hold excess quantities of inventory due to their long lead times. We maintain an inventory of components for which we are dependent on sole or limited source suppliers and of components with prices that fluctuate significantly. We cannot ensure that at any given time we will have sufficient inventory to enable us to meet demand for our products, which would harm our financial results. See Item 1A: Risk Factors—We depend on a limited group of suppliers for key components in our products. The loss of any of these suppliers, the inability of any of these suppliers to meet our requirements, or delays or shortages of supply of these components could adversely affect our business.

Competition

Competition in our markets is significant and involves rapidly changing technologies and frequent new product introductions. To maintain and improve our competitive position, we must continue to develop and introduce

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new products and features on a timely and cost-effective basis to keep pace with the evolving needs of our customers. We believe the principal competitive factor affecting our markets is the market acceptance rates for new printing technology.

Industrial Inkjet

Our super-wide and wide format industrial digital inkjet printers compete with printers produced by Agfa, Durst, Canon, Hewlett-Packard (“HP”), Inca, Mimaki, Roland, and Mutoh throughout most of the world. There are Chinese and Korean printer manufacturers in the marketplace, but their products are typically sold in their domestic markets and are not currently perceived as viable alternatives in most other markets. Our UV and LED curable ink is sold to users of our UV industrial inkjet printers, which have advanced quality control systems to ensure that correct color and non-expired ink is used to prevent damage to the printer. This results in most ink used in our printers being sold by us. While third party ink is available, its use may compromise the printer’s quality control system and also voids certain provisions of our printer warranty and service contracts. Our Nozomi corrugated packaging digital inkjet printers compete with printers offered by Barberan, Durst, HP, and Sun Automation.

Our Reggiani industrial digital inkjet textile printers compete with Dover, Durst, Mimaki, Roland, Epson, Konica Minolta, Robustelli, Atexco, Shenzhen Homer Textile, Kornit, Ricoh, and Digital Graphics. Competitive digital inkjet textile printers are manufactured in Italy, Japan, China, and smaller emerging markets such as Indonesia. Key competitors driving digitalization of the textile printer market include Dover and Kornit. Reggiani also competes with other digital inkjet textile printing technologies including pre-washing and post-washing printing techniques.

Our Cretaprint ceramic tile decoration digital inkjet printers compete with ceramic tile decoration printers manufactured in Spain (KERAjet), Austria (Durst), Italy (Technoferrari, Projecta, Intesa, and System), China (Flora, Hope, Meijia, and Teckwin), and smaller emerging competition in other markets such as Indonesia. The ceramic tile industry has experienced a relocation from southern Europe to the emerging markets of China, India, Brazil, and Indonesia. Competition in the Chinese market consists of small Chinese ceramic tile decoration digital inkjet printers and European manufacturers that are reducing prices to gain market share. In addition to our facility in Spain, we operate a Cretaprint sales and support center in Foshan, Guangdong, China, which is home to the largest concentration of ceramic tile manufacturers in China.

Productivity Software

Our Productivity Software operating segment, which includes our business process automation, cloud-based order entry and order management systems, cross media marketing, and imposition solution systems faces competition from software application vendors that specifically target the printing industry. These vendors are typically small, privately-owned companies. We also face competition from larger vendors that currently offer, or are seeking to develop, business process automation printing products including HP, Epicor, and SAP. We face competition from Oracle, SAP, Kiwiplan, and Heidelberg in the packaging software market.

Our Optitex 3D CAD software competes with Lectra, Assyst, CLO, Browzwear, and Gerber. Optitex provides 2D CAD design and 3D CAD visualization in the same application. Therefore, the CAD information and the 3D information are tightly integrated. Furthermore, the incremental learning curve from using 2D to using 3D is minimal.

Fiery

The principal competitive factors affecting the market for our Fiery solutions include customer service and support, product reputation, quality, performance, price, and product features such as functionality, scalability, ease of use, and ability to interface with products produced by the significant printer manufacturers.

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Although we have direct relationships with each of the leading printer manufacturers and work closely with them to integrate Fiery DFE and software technology into the design and development of their print engines to maximize their quality and capability, our primary competitors for stand-alone color DFEs, embedded DFEs, and design-licensed solutions are these same leading printer manufacturing companies. They each maintain substantial investments in research and development. Some of this investment is targeted at integrating products and technology that we have designed and some of this investment is targeted at developing products and technology that compete with our Fiery brand. Our acquisition of certain assets of the FFPS business from Xerox may mitigate this competition from one of our Fiery customers. We are the largest third party DFE developer, although our market compared with DFEs developed internally by the leading printer manufacturers is small. We believe that our advantages include continuously advancing technology, short time-to-market, brand recognition, end user loyalty, sizable installed base, number of products supported, price driven by lower development costs, and market knowledge. We intend to continue to develop new DFEs with capabilities that meet the changing needs of the printer manufacturers’ product development roadmaps. Although we do not directly control the distribution channels, we provide a variety of features as well as unique “look and feel” to the printer manufacturers’ products to differentiate our customers’ products from those of their competitors. Ultimately, we believe that end customer and reseller channel preference for the Fiery DFE and software solutions drives demand for Fiery products through the printer manufacturers.

Intellectual Property Rights

We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret laws; non-disclosure agreements; and other contractual provisions to establish, maintain, and protect our intellectual property rights. Although we believe that our intellectual property rights are important to our business, no single patent, copyright, trademark, or trade secret is solely responsible for the development and manufacturing of our products.

We are currently pursuing patent applications in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions to protect various inventions. Over time, we have accumulated a portfolio of patents issued in these jurisdictions. We own or have rights to the copyrights to the software code in our products and the rights to the trademarks under which our products are marketed. We have registered certain trademarks in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions and will continue to evaluate the registration of additional trademarks as appropriate.

Certain of our products include intellectual property licensed from our customers. We have also granted and may continue to grant licenses to our intellectual property, when and as we deem appropriate. For a discussion of risks relating to our intellectual property, see Item 1A: Risk Factors—We may be unable to adequately protect our proprietary information and may incur expenses to defend our proprietary information.

Financial Information about Foreign and Domestic Operations and Export Sales

See Note 14—Segment Information, Geographic Regions, and Major Customers and Note 11—Income Taxes of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. See also Item  1A: Risk Factors—We face risks from our international operations and We face risks from currency fluctuations.

Item 1A: Risk Factors

If we fail to continue to introduce new products that achieve market acceptance on a timely basis, we will not be able to compete effectively and we will be unable to increase or maintain net revenue and gross margins.

We operate in a highly competitive and quickly changing environment. Our future success depends in large part upon our ability to identify demand trends and quickly develop or acquire, and manufacture and sell, products that satisfy these demands in a cost-effective manner. In order to differentiate our products from our competitors’ products, we must continue to increase our focus and capital investment in research and development. For

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example, we have committed substantial resources expressed in both man-hours and financial investment to the development of our Nozomi single-pass industrial digital inkjet platform, which was launched in the third quarter of 2017, for the corrugated, paper packaging, display printing, and other related markets. We have invested significantly in the research and development, sales and marketing, and manufacturing processes required to successfully launch this product. While we have sold a limited number of printers, we are unable to predict the actual level of demand for this product because Nozomi is a new product. If this product is not successful in the market, then our consolidated financial position and results of operations could be materially impacted.

Successfully predicting demand trends is difficult, and it is very difficult to predict the effect introducing a new product will have on existing product sales. We will also need to respond effectively to new product announcements by our competitors and quickly introduce competitive products. Any delays in product development and introduction, or product introductions that do not meet broad market acceptance, or unsuccessful launches of new product lines, could result in:

The market for our super-wide and wide format industrial digital inkjet printers is extremely competitive.

Our super-wide and wide format industrial digital inkjet products compete against several companies that market industrial digital inkjet printing systems based on electrostatic, drop-on-demand, and continuous drop-on-demand inkjet, and other technologies and printers utilizing UV curable ink including Agfa, Durst, Canon, HP, Inca, Mimaki, Roland, and Mutoh. Certain competitors have greater resources to develop new products and technologies and market those products, as well as acquire or develop critical components at lower costs, which would provide them with a competitive advantage. They could also exert downward pressure on product pricing to gain market share.

Reggiani industrial digital inkjet textile printers address the full scope of advanced textile printing with versatile printers suitable for water-based dispersed, acid, pigment, and reactive dye printing ink. Our Reggiani textile printers compete with printers offered by Dover, Durst, Mimaki, Roland, Epson, Konica Minolta, Robustelli, Atexco, Shenzhen Homer Textile, Kornit, and Digital Graphics. Competitive digital inkjet textile printers are manufactured in Italy, Japan, China, and smaller emerging markets such as Indonesia. Reggiani also competes with other digital inkjet textile printing technologies including pre-washing and post-washing printing techniques.

The local competitors in the Chinese and Korean markets are developing, manufacturing, and selling inexpensive printers mainly to the local markets. Our ability to compete depends on factors both within and outside of our control, including the price, performance, and acceptance of our current printers and any products we develop in the future.

We also face competition from existing conventional and digital inkjet super-wide and wide format printing methods, including screen printing and offset printing. Our competitors could develop new products, with existing or new technology, that could be more competitive in our market than our printers.

The market for our ceramic tile decoration digital inkjet printers is very competitive.

Our Cretaprint ceramic tile decoration digital inkjet printer competes with ceramic tile decoration printers manufactured in Spain, Austria, Italy, Brazil, China, and smaller emerging competitors in other markets such as

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Indonesia. The ceramic tile industry has experienced relocation from southern Europe to the emerging markets of China, India, Brazil, and Indonesia. Competition in the Chinese market consists of small Chinese ceramic tile decoration digital inkjet printers and European manufacturers that are reducing prices to gain market share. In addition to our facility in Spain, we operate a Cretaprint sales and support center in Foshan, Guangdong, China, which is home to the largest concentration of ceramic tile manufacturers in China.

Our ceramic tile decoration imaging competitors are a mix of large, medium, and small ceramic tile decoration printer manufacturers, which are primarily privately-owned. Our competitors could develop new products, with existing or new technology, that could be more competitive in our market than our ceramic tile decoration digital inkjet printers.

We face strong competition for printing supplies such as ink.

We compete with independent manufacturers in the ink market consisting of smaller vendors, as well as larger vendors such as DuPont Digital Printing.

Our UV curable ink is sold to users of our super-wide and wide format UV industrial inkjet printers, which have advanced quality control systems to ensure that correct color and non-expired ink is used to prevent damage to the printer. This results in most ink used in our super-wide and wide format printers being sold by us. While third party ink is available, its use compromises the printer’s quality control system and voids most provisions of our printer warranty and service contracts. Nevertheless, we cannot guarantee we will be able to remain the principal ink supplier for our super-wide and wide format UV industrial digital inkjet printers. We could experience an overall price reduction within the ink market, which would also adversely affect our gross profit.

We sell third party branded textile ink to users of our textile digital inkjet printer. We offer a strong value proposition with our third party branded ink, but cannot guarantee that we will be the primary supplier of textile digital ink to the users of our printers as these branded ink are available on the market.

Our solvent-based ceramic digital ink is sold to users of our ceramic tile decoration digital inkjet printers. The ceramic ink market is generally an open system for ink and therefore customers may change between suppliers. Although we are focused on developing this recurring revenue stream, we cannot guarantee that we will become the primary supplier of ceramic digital ink to the users of our printers.

If the market for digital textile printing does not develop as we anticipate, we may not be able to grow our digital inkjet textile printing business.

If the global printed textile industry does not broadly accept digital printing as an alternative to either analog printing or single color (dyed) garments, our revenue may not grow as quickly as expected. Widespread adoption of digital textile printing depends on the willingness and ability of businesses in the printed textile industry to replace their existing analog printing systems and single color (dyed) garments with digital printing systems. The adoption of digital textile printing is dependent to some extent on the growth of “fast fashion.”

A key element of our digital inkjet textile printing growth strategy is to market digital inkjet printing systems to contract printers that serve major textile brand owners and fashion designers. If leading textile brand owners and fashion designers are not convinced of the benefits of digital inkjet textile printing or if there is a significant reduction in the popularity of printed textiles, especially those that are customized or personalized, among the consumers to whom such brand owners and fashion designers cater, or if these businesses decide that digital inkjet printing processes are less reliable, less cost-effective, lower quality, or otherwise less suitable for their commercial needs than analog printing processes and single color (dyed) garments, then the market for digital textile printers and software may not develop as we anticipate and we may not be able to grow our inkjet textile printing business.

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We face strong competition in our Productivity Software operating segment.

Our Productivity Software operating segment, which includes our business process automation, cloud-based order entry and order management, cross media marketing, and imposition solution systems faces competition from software application vendors that specifically target the printing industry. These vendors are typically small and privately-owned companies. We also face competition from larger vendors that currently offer, or are seeking to develop, business process automation printing products including HP, Epicor, and SAP. We face competition from Oracle, SAP, SolarSoft, and Heidelberg in the packaging software market. Our Optitex 3D CAD software competes with Lectra, Assyst, CLO, Browzwear, and Gerber. There can be no assurance that we will continue to advance our technology and products or compete effectively against other companies’ product offerings.

We do not typically have long-term purchase commitments with the printer manufacturer customers that purchase our Fiery DFE and software solutions. They have in the past reduced or ceased, and could at any time in the future reduce or cease, to purchase products from us, thereby harming our operating results and business.

Although end customer and reseller channel preference for Fiery DFE and software solutions drives demand, most Fiery revenue relies on printer manufacturers to integrate Fiery technology into the design and development of their print engines. We have established direct relationships with several leading printer manufacturers and work closely with them to design, develop, and integrate Fiery DFE and software technology to maximize the capability of their print engines. These manufacturers act as distributors and sell Fiery products to end customers through reseller channels. A significant portion of our revenue is, and has been, generated by sales of our Fiery DFE and software solutions to a relatively small number of leading printer manufacturers. Our reliance on revenue from the leading printer manufacturers was 26%, 28%, and 33% of our consolidated revenue, during 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Because sales of our Fiery products constitute a significant portion of our revenue and there are a limited number of printer manufacturers producing printers in sufficient volume to be attractive customers for us, we expect that we will continue to depend on a relatively small number of printer manufacturers for a significant portion of our Fiery revenue in future periods. Accordingly, if we lose or experience reduced sales to one of these printer manufacturer customers, we will have difficulty replacing that revenue with sales to new or existing customers.

With the exception of certain minimum purchase obligations, we typically do not have long-term volume purchase contracts with our significant printer manufacturer customers, including Konica Minolta, Ricoh, and Canon, and they are not obligated to purchase products from us. Accordingly, our printer manufacturer customers could at any time reduce their purchases from us or cease purchasing our products altogether. For example, in 2017, two of our significant printer manufactures purchased less inventory from us and this reduction may occur in 2018 and future years, which could impact revenue from our Fiery segment. In the past, these printer manufacturer customers have elected to develop products on their own for sale to end customers, incorporated technologies developed by other companies into their products, and have directly sold third party competitive products, rather than rely solely or partially on our products. We expect that these printer manufacturer customers will continue to make such elections in the future, although our acquisition of the FFPS business partially mitigates this risk with respect to one of these leading printer manufacturer / distributors.

Many of the products and technologies we are developing require that we coordinate development, quality testing, marketing, and other tasks with these printer manufacturers. We cannot control their development efforts or the timing of these efforts. We rely on these printer manufacturers to develop new printer and copier solutions, applications, and product enhancements that utilize our Fiery DFE technologies and software solutions in a timely and cost-effective manner. Our success in the DFE industry depends on the ability of these printer manufacturers to utilize our technologies to develop the right solutions with the right features to meet ever changing customer requirements and responding to emerging industry standards and other technological changes.

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Because our printer manufacturer customers incorporate our products into products they manufacture and sell, any decline in demand for copiers or laser printers or any other negative developments affecting our major customers or the computer industry in general, including reduced end user demand, would likely harm our results of operations. Certain printer manufacturer customers have experienced serious financial difficulties in the past, which led to a decline in sales of our products. If any significant customers face such difficulties in the future, our operating results could be harmed through, among other things, decreased sales volume, write-off of accounts receivable, and write-off of inventories related to products we have manufactured for these customers’ products.

Economic uncertainty has negatively affected our business in the past and may negatively affect our business in the future.

Our revenue and profitability depend significantly on the overall demand for information technology products that enable printing of digital data, which in turn depends on a variety of macro- and micro-economic conditions. In addition, revenue growth and profitability in our Industrial Inkjet operating segment depends on demand and spending for advertising and marketing products and programs, which also depends on a variety of macro-and micro-economic conditions.

Uncertainty about current global economic conditions poses a risk as our customers may delay purchases of our products in response to tighter credit, negative financial news, and/or declines in income or asset values. Any financial turmoil affecting the banking system and financial markets and the possibility that financial institutions may consolidate or terminate their activities have resulted in a tightening in the credit market, a low level of liquidity in many financial markets, and extreme volatility in fixed income, credit, currency, and equity markets. There could be a number of follow-on effects from a credit crisis on our business, including insolvency of key suppliers resulting in product delays; inability of customers and distributors to obtain credit to finance purchases of our products and/or customer and distributor insolvencies; increased difficulty in managing inventories; and other financial institutions negatively impacting our treasury operations.

Although economic uncertainty has recently abated in Europe, uncertainty remains in the “southern European” countries (primarily Italy, Spain, and Portugal) due to uncertainty in Spain related to Brexit and Catalonia and uncertainty in Italy related to significant public debt and uncollectible loans in the banking system. We have no European sovereign debt investments. Our European debt investments consist of non-sovereign corporate debt securities of $6.6 million, which represents 8% of our corporate debt instruments (4% of our short-term investments) at December 31, 2017. European debt investments are with corporations domiciled in the northern and central European countries of Netherlands, Sweden, and France. We do not have any short-term investments with corporations domiciled in the higher risk “southern European” countries (i.e., Italy, Spain, and Portugal). We believe that we do not have significant exposure with respect to our money market and corporate debt investments in Europe, although we do have some exposure due to the interdependencies among the European Union countries.

Since Europe is composed of varied countries and regional economies, our European risk profile is somewhat more diversified due to the varying economic conditions among the countries. Approximately 32% of our receivables are with European customers as of December 31, 2017. Of this amount, 30% of our European receivables (10% of consolidated gross receivables) are in the higher risk southern European countries (mostly Italy, Spain, and Portugal) and Ireland, which are adequately reserved.

Our business, results of operations and financial condition may be negatively impacted by conditions abroad, including local economies, political environments, fluctuating foreign currencies, and shifting regulatory schemes.

A significant amount of our revenue is generated from operations outside the U.S. Approximately $505.3 (51%), $491.7 (50%), and $408.9 (46%) million of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, shipped to locations outside the Americas, primarily to Europe, Middle East, and Africa (“EMEA”)

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and APAC. We expect that sales outside of the U.S. will continue to represent a significant portion of our total revenue. We maintain significant operations and acquire or manufacture many of our products and/or their components outside the U.S. Our future revenue, costs, and results of operations could be significantly affected by changes in each country’s economic conditions, foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar, political conditions, trade protection measures, licensing requirements, local tax issues, capitalization, and other related legal matters. If our future revenue, costs, and results of operations are significantly affected by economic conditions abroad, our results of operations and financial condition could be negatively impacted. Specifically, the deceleration of the economy in China has negatively impacted, and may continue to negatively impact, our results of operations. The Chinese government continues to rebalance the country’s economic model with tightening real estate and environmental regulation.

We face risks from currency fluctuations.

Given the significance of non-U.S. sales to our total revenue, we face a continuing risk from the fluctuation of the U.S. dollar versus foreign currencies. Although the majority of our receivables are invoiced and collected in U.S. dollars, we have exposure from non-U.S. dollar-denominated sales (consisting of the Euro, British pound sterling, Brazilian real, Chinese renminbi, Israeli shekel, and Australian dollar). We have a substantial number of international employees, resulting in material operating expenses denominated in foreign currencies. We have exposure from non-U.S. dollar-denominated operating expenses in foreign countries (primarily the Euro, British pound sterling, Chinese renminbi, Israeli shekel, Indian rupee, Brazilian real, and Australian dollar).

We can benefit from or be adversely affected by either a weaker or stronger U.S. dollar relative to major currencies worldwide with respect to our consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, we can benefit from a stronger U.S. dollar due to the corresponding reduction in our foreign operating expenses translated into U.S. dollars and at the same time we can be adversely affected by a stronger U.S. dollar due to the corresponding reduction in foreign revenue translated into U.S. dollars. We hedge our operating expense exposure in Indian rupees. The notional amount of our Indian rupee cash flow hedge was $3.9 million at December 31, 2017.

Forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments consist of hedges of British pounds sterling, Brazilian real, Israeli shekel, Japanese yen, Chinese renminbi, and Euro-denominated intercompany balances with notional amounts of $144.5 million; Brazilian real, British pounds sterling, Australian dollar, Israeli shekel, and Euro-denominated trade receivables with notional amounts of $44.4 million; and hedges of British pounds sterling, Indian rupee, Israeli shekel, and Euro-denominated other net monetary assets with notional amounts of $46.6 million at December 31, 2017. These forward contracts are not designated for hedge accounting treatment since there is a natural offset for the remeasurement of the underlying foreign currency denominated asset or liability.

As of December 31, 2017, we had not entered into hedges against any other currency exposures, but we may consider hedging against movements in other currencies in the future. Our efforts to reduce risk from our international operations and from fluctuations in foreign currencies or interest rates may not be successful, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.

We face risks from our international operations.

We are subject to certain risks because of our international operations as follows:

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We incur additional legal compliance costs associated with our international operations and could become subject to legal penalties in foreign countries if we do not comply with local laws and regulations, which may be substantially different from those in the U.S. In many foreign countries, particularly those with developing economies, it may be common to engage in business practices that are prohibited by U.S. regulations such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended. Although we implement policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws, there can be no assurance that all of our employees, contractors, and agents, as well as outsourced business operations, including those based in or from countries where practices that violate such U.S. laws may be customary, will not take actions in violation of our policies. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that employees, contractors, and agents of acquired companies did not take actions in violation of such laws and regulations prior to the date they were acquired by us, although we perform due diligence procedures to endeavor to discover any such actions prior to the acquisition date.

We license software used in most of our Fiery products and certain Productivity Software products from Adobe and the loss of these licenses would prevent shipment of these products.

We are required to obtain separate licenses from Adobe for the right to use Adobe PostScript^® software in each copier or printer model that uses a Fiery DFE, and other Adobe software for certain Productivity Software products. Although to date we have successfully obtained licenses to use Adobe PostScript ^® and other Adobe software when required, Adobe is not required to, and we cannot be certain that Adobe will, grant future licenses to Adobe PostScript^® and other Adobe software on reasonable terms, in a timely manner, or at all. To obtain licenses from Adobe, Adobe requires that we obtain quality assurance approvals from them for our products that use Adobe software. Although to date we have successfully obtained such quality assurance approvals from Adobe, we cannot be certain they will grant us such approvals in the future. If Adobe does not grant us such licenses or approvals, if the Adobe licenses are terminated, or if our relationship is otherwise materially impaired, we would likely be unable to sell products that incorporate Adobe PostScript ^® or other Adobe software and our financial condition and results of operations would be significantly harmed.

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We manufacture super-wide and wide format industrial digital inkjet printers and formulate UV curable, LED curable, and reactive dye ink in single locations. Any significant interruption in the manufacturing process at these facilities could adversely affect our business.

Our VUTEk super-wide and wide format industrial digital inkjet printers are primarily manufactured in a single location in our Meredith, New Hampshire facility. In 2016, we transferred VUTEk roll-to-roll printer production to our Rosh Ha’Ayin, Israel, facility, our FabriVu textile digital inkjet printer production to our Bergamo, Italy, facility, and certain wide format industrial digital inkjet printers to our Castellon, Spain, facility.

Our VUTEk roll-to-roll super-wide format industrial digital inkjet printers are manufactured in a single location in our Rosh Ha’Ayin, Israel facility. Our Reggiani industrial digital inkjet textile printers are manufactured in a single location in our Bergamo, Italy facility. Our Cretaprint ceramic tile decoration and Nozomi corrugated packaging digital inkjet printers are manufactured in a single location in our Castellon, Spain facility. We formulate our UV curable and LED curable digital ink that is used in our display graphics super-wide and wide-format industrial digital inkjet printers in a single location in our Ypsilanti, Michigan facility. We formulate our reactive dye ink that is used in our textile digital inkjet printers in a single location in our Bedford, U.K., facility. Any significant interruption in the manufacturing process at any of these facilities could affect the supply of our products, our ability to meet customer demand, and our ability to maintain market share.

We are developing contingency plans utilizing our manufacturing facilities in multiple locations and the capabilities of certain contract manufacturers in the event of a significant interruption in the manufacturing process at any of the aforementioned facilities. Until those plans are complete, disruptions in the manufacturing process at any of our sole source internal facilities could adversely affect our business.

We depend on a limited group of suppliers for key components in our products. The loss of any of these suppliers, the inability of any of these suppliers to meet our requirements, or delays or shortages of supply of these components, could adversely affect our business.

Certain components necessary for the manufacture of our products are obtained from a sole supplier or a limited group of suppliers. These include CPUs, chip sets, ASICs, and other related semiconductor components; inkjet print heads for our super-wide and wide format, corrugated packaging, textile, and ceramic tile decoration industrial digital inkjet printers; branded textile ink; and certain key ingredients (primarily pigments and photoinitiators) for our digital UV curable ink. We generally do not maintain long-term agreements with our component suppliers and conduct business with such suppliers largely on a purchase order basis. If we are unable to continue to procure these sole or limited sourced components from our current suppliers in the required quantities, we will have to qualify other sources, if possible, or redesign our products. If we were unable to obtain the branded textile ink or the pigments required for our digital UV curable ink, we would have to qualify other sources, if possible, or reformulate and test the new ink formulations. These suppliers may be concentrated within similar industries or geographic locations, which could potentially exacerbate these risks. We cannot provide assurance that other sources of these components exist or will be willing to supply us on reasonable terms or at all, or that we will be able to design around these components. Any unavailability, delays, or shortages of these components or any inability of our suppliers to meet our requirements, could harm our business.

Because the purchase of certain key components involves long lead times, in the event of unanticipated volatility in demand for our products, we have in the past been, and may in the future be, unable to manufacture certain products in a quantity sufficient to meet demand. Further, as has occurred in the past, in the event that anticipated demand does not materialize, we may hold excess quantities of inventory that could become obsolete. To meet projected demand, we maintain an inventory of components for which we are dependent on sole or limited source suppliers and components with prices that fluctuate significantly. As a result, we are subject to risk of inventory obsolescence, which could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

Market prices and availability of certain components, particularly memory subsystems and Intel-designed components, which collectively represent a substantial portion of the total manufactured cost of our products,

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have fluctuated significantly in the past. Such fluctuations could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition including reduced gross profit.

We are dependent on a limited number of subcontractors, with whom we generally do not have long-term contracts, to manufacture and deliver products to our customers. The loss of any of these subcontractors could adversely affect our business.

We subcontract with other companies to manufacture certain of our products and we generally do not have long-term agreements with these subcontractors. While we closely monitor our subcontractors’ performance, we cannot be assured that such subcontractors will continue to manufacture our products in a timely and effective manner. In the past, a weakened economy led to the dissolution, bankruptcy, or consolidation of some of our subcontractors, which decreased the available number of subcontractors. If the available number of subcontractors were to decrease in the future, it is possible that we would not be able to secure appropriate subcontractors to fulfill our demand in a timely manner, or at all, particularly if demand for our products increases.

The existence of fewer subcontractors may reduce our negotiating leverage, thereby potentially resulting in higher product costs. Financial problems resulting in the inability of our subcontractors to make or ship our products, could harm our business, operating results, and financial condition. If we change subcontractors, we could experience delays in finding, qualifying, and commencing business with new subcontractors, which would result in delayed delivery of our products and potentially the cancellation of orders for our products.

We have outsourced our Fiery production with Avnet, FFPS production with Dell, FFPS sustaining engineering with HCL, ceramic ink formulation with subcontractors in China and Italy, and formulation of certain textile ink with third party branded suppliers. Certain Industrial Inkjet sub-assemblies are manufactured by subcontractors. Should our subcontractors experience any inability, or unwillingness, to manufacture or deliver our products, then our business, financial condition, and operations could be harmed. Since we generally do not maintain long-term agreements with our subcontractors, any of our subcontractors could enter into agreements with our competitors that might restrict or prohibit them from manufacturing our products or could otherwise lead to an inability to fill our orders in a timely manner. In such event, we may not be able to find suitable replacement subcontractors, in which case our financial condition and operations would likely be harmed.

We may face increased risk of inventory obsolescence, excess, or shortages related to our Industrial Inkjet printers and ink.

We procure raw materials and internally manufacture our super-wide and wide format, textile, and ceramic tile decoration industrial digital inkjet printers and formulate digital UV curable and reactive dye ink based on our sales forecasts. If we do not accurately forecast demand for our products, we may produce or purchase excess inventory, which may result in our inventory becoming obsolete. We might not produce the correct mix of products to match actual demand if our sales forecast is not accurate, resulting in lost sales. If we have excess printers, ink, or other products, we may need to lower prices to stimulate demand.

Our ink products have a defined shelf life. If we do not sell the ink before the end of its shelf life, it will have to be written off. We have also experienced UV curable ink shortages in the past and may continue to experience such shortages in the future. UV curable ink shortages may require that we incur additional costs to respond to increased demand and overcome such shortages.

If we are not able to hire and retain skilled employees, we may not be able to develop and manufacture products, or meet demand for our products, in a timely fashion.

We depend on skilled employees, such as software and hardware engineers, quality assurance engineers, chemists, chemical engineers, and other technical professionals with specialized skills. We are headquartered in

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the Silicon Valley and have research and development employees in facilities in 15 U.S. locations. We also have research and development employees in facilities in India, Europe, Israel, the U.K., Brazil, and Canada. Competition has historically been intense among companies hiring engineering and technical professionals. In times of professional labor imbalances, it has in the past and is likely in the future, to be difficult to locate and hire qualified engineers and technical professionals and to retain these employees. There are many technology companies located near our corporate offices in the Silicon Valley and our operations in India that may attempt to hire our employees.

Our VUTEk printers are manufactured at our Meredith, New Hampshire facility, which is not located in a major metropolitan area. We have encountered difficulties in hiring and retaining adequately skilled labor and management at this location. We have entered into a six-year lease with BTMU whereby a 225,000 square foot manufacturing and warehouse facility is under construction in Manchester, New Hampshire, related to our super-wide and wide format industrial digital inkjet printer business in the Industrial Inkjet operating segment, which is scheduled to be completed in the first half of 2018.

The movement of our stock price may also impact our ability to hire and retain employees. If we do not offer competitive compensation, we may not be able to recruit or retain employees, which may have an adverse effect on our ability to develop products in a timely fashion, which could harm our business, financial condition, and operating results.

We rely on our distribution channels to ensure sales growth.

The leading printer manufacturers, which comprise the majority of the customer base in our Fiery operating segment, are typically large profitable customers with little credit risk to us. Our Productivity Software and Industrial Inkjet operating segments sell primarily through a direct sales force, augmented by some select distributors, to a broader base of customers than Fiery. Any interruption of these distribution channels could negatively impact us in the future.

Growing market share in the Productivity Software and Industrial Inkjet operating segments increases the possibility that we will experience increased bad debt expense and increased accounts receivable.

Many of the Productivity Software and Industrial Inkjet customers are smaller and potentially less creditworthy. Our ceramic tile decoration digital inkjet customer base is primarily located in geographic regions, which have recently been subject to economic challenges including southern Europe (primarily Spain and Italy) and emerging markets in APAC. Furthermore, if we increase the percentage of Productivity Software and Industrial Inkjet products that are sold internationally, it may be challenging to enforce our legal rights should collection issues arise. Due to these and other factors, growing Industrial Inkjet and Productivity Software market share may cause us to experience an increase in bad debt expense and an increase in days sales outstanding (“DSOs”).

DSOs increased during the year ended December 31, 2017, compared with December 31, 2016, primarily due to increased Industrial Inkjet and Productivity Software revenue as a percentage of consolidated revenue, sales with extended payment terms, and a non-linear sales cycle resulting in significant billings at the end of the quarter. Industrial Inkjet and Productivity Software were 73% of consolidated revenue during the year ended December 31, 2017, compared with 72% and 66% of consolidated revenue during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. We calculate DSO by dividing net accounts receivable at the end of the quarter by revenue recognized during the quarter, multiplied by the total days in the quarter, which is a measure of the relationship between sales and accounts receivable.

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Acquisitions may result in unanticipated accounting charges or otherwise adversely affect our results of operations and result in difficulties assimilating and integrating operations, personnel, technologies, products, and information systems of acquired businesses.

We seek to develop new technologies and products from both internal and external sources. We have also purchased companies and businesses for the primary purpose of acquiring their customer base. As part of this effort, we have in the past made, and will likely continue to make, acquisitions of other businesses.

Acquisitions involve numerous risks, such as:

Mergers and acquisitions of companies are inherently risky. We cannot provide assurance that previous or future acquisitions will be successful or will not harm our business, operating results, financial condition, or stock price.

We face risks relating to the potential impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets.

We complete a review of the carrying value of our goodwill and long-lived assets annually and, based on a combination of factors (i.e., triggering events), we may be required to perform an interim analysis.

Given the uncertainty of the economic environment and its potential impact on our business, there can be no assurance that our estimates and assumptions regarding the duration of any economic downturn, or the period or

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strength of any subsequent recovery, made for purposes of our goodwill impairment testing at December 31, 2017 will prove to be accurate predictions of the future. If our assumptions regarding forecasted revenue or gross profit rates are not achieved, we may be required to record additional goodwill impairment charges in future periods relating to any of our reporting units, whether in connection with the next annual impairment testing in the fourth quarter of 2018 or prior to that, if an interim triggering event were to occur. It is not possible to determine if any such future impairment charge would result or, if it does, whether such charge would be material. No foreshadowing events have occurred as of December 31, 2017.

During the fourth quarter of 2017, management approved a plan to sell approximately 31.5 acres of land and two related manufacturing buildings located in Meredith, New Hampshire (“Meredith facility”). The fair value of the Meredith facility, based on expected sales proceeds less cost to sell, is estimated to be less than the carrying amount of the assets. As a result, we incurred an impairment loss of approximately $0.9 million in our consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017. We may be required to record additional impairment charges if the sales proceeds for the Meredith facility do not meet our expectations. We may also need to record impairment charges if we decide to sell or dispose of other long-term assets.

We are currently subject to securities lawsuits and we may be subject to similar or other litigation in the future, which may divert management’s attention and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The market price of our common stock declined significantly following our August 3, 2017 announcement concerning our assessment of the timing of recognition of revenue and the effectiveness of our current and historical disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting. On August 10, 2017, a purported class action lawsuit was filed alleging, among other things, that we and certain of our officers violated federal securities laws by making allegedly false and misleading statements concerning our financial reporting, revenue recognition, internal controls, and disclosure controls and procedures, prior to our August 3, 2017 announcement. The plaintiffs seek unspecified monetary damages on behalf of the putative class and an award of costs and expenses, including attorney’s fees. In addition, on August 22, 2017, a shareholder derivative complaint was filed alleging, among other things that certain of our officers and our directors had breached fiduciary duties and had been unjustly enriched and had made allegedly false and misleading statements concerning our financial reporting, revenue recognition, internal controls, and disclosure controls and procedures. The complaint alleges that the Company has suffered damages and seeks an unspecified amount of damages, restitution, and declaratory and other relief.

We cannot predict the outcome of these lawsuits and we may be subject to other similar litigation in the future. Monitoring and defending against legal actions, whether or not meritorious, is time-consuming for our management and detracts from our ability to fully focus our internal resources on our business activities. In addition, we may incur substantial legal fees and costs in connection with litigation. Although we maintain insurance coverage, recovery could be denied or prove to be insufficient. We are not currently able to estimate the possible cost to us from the currently pending lawsuits, and we cannot be certain how long it may take to resolve these matters or the possible amount of any damages that we may be required to pay. We have not established any reserves for any potential liability relating to these or future lawsuits. It is possible that we could, in the future, incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims for monetary damages. A decision adverse to our interests on these actions could result in the payment of substantial damages and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In addition, the uncertainty of the currently pending lawsuits could lead to more volatility in our stock price.

We are subject to numerous federal, state, and foreign employment laws and may face claims in the future under such laws.

We are subject to numerous federal, state, and foreign employment laws and from time to time face claims by our employees and former employees under such laws. There are no material claims pending or threatened

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against us under federal, state, or foreign employment laws, but we cannot be sure that material claims under such laws will not be made in the future against us, nor can we predict the likely impact of any such claims on us, or that, if asserted, we would be able to successfully resolve any such claims without incurring significant expense.

We may be unable to adequately protect our proprietary information and may incur expenses to defend our proprietary information.

We rely on copyright, patent, trademark, and trade secret protection, in addition to nondisclosure agreements, licensing, and cross-licensing arrangements to establish, maintain, and protect our intellectual property rights, all of which afford only limited protection. We have patents and pending patent applications in the U.S. and various foreign countries. There can be no assurance that patents will issue from our pending applications or from any future applications, or that, if issued, any claims allowed will be sufficiently broad to protect our technology. Any failure to adequately protect our proprietary information could harm our financial condition and operating results. We cannot be certain that any patents that have been, or may in the future be issued to us, or which we license from third parties, or any other proprietary rights will not be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented. In addition, we cannot be certain that any rights granted to us under any patents, licenses, or other proprietary rights will provide adequate protection of our proprietary information.

Many countries in which we derive revenue do not have comprehensive and highly developed legal systems, particularly with respect to the protection of intellectual property rights, which, among other things, can result in a prevalence of infringing products and counterfeit goods in certain countries, which could harm our business and reputation.

As different areas of our business change or mature, from time to time we evaluate our patent portfolio and decide to either pursue or not pursue specific patents and patent applications related to such areas. Choosing not to pursue certain patents, patentable applications, and failing to file applications for potentially patentable inventions, may harm our business by, among other things, enabling our competitors to more effectively compete with us, reducing potential claims we can bring against third parties for patent infringement, and limiting our potential defenses to intellectual property claims brought by third parties.

Litigation has been, and may continue to be, necessary to defend and enforce our proprietary rights. Such litigation, whether or not concluded successfully, could involve significant expense and the diversion of our attention and other resources, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.

We face risks from third party claims of infringement and potential litigation.

Third parties have claimed in the past, and may claim in the future, that our products infringe, or may infringe, their proprietary rights. Such claims have resulted in lengthy and expensive litigation in the past and could have a similar result in the future. Such claims and any related litigation, whether or not we are successful in the litigation, could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources, which could harm our financial condition and operating results. Although we may seek licenses from third parties covering intellectual property that we are allegedly infringing, we cannot assure that any such licenses could be obtained on acceptable terms, if at all.

We may be subject to risk of loss due to fire because certain materials we use in our ink formulation process are flammable.

We use flammable materials in the digital UV curable and ceramic digital ink formulation process; therefore, we may be subject to risk of loss resulting from fire. The risk of fire associated with these materials cannot be completely eliminated. We own certain facilities that manufacture or warehouse our ink, which increases our exposure to such risk. We maintain insurance policies to cover losses caused by fire, including business

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interruption insurance. If one or more of these facilities is damaged or otherwise ceases operations as a result of fire, it would reduce our digital UV curable and ceramic digital ink manufacturing capacity, which may reduce revenue and adversely affect our business.

The location and concentration of our facilities subject us to risk of earthquakes, floods, or other natural disasters.

Our corporate headquarters, including a significant portion of our research and development facilities, are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, which is known for seismic activity. This area has also experienced flooding in the past. Many of the components necessary for our products are purchased from suppliers based in areas that are subject to risk from natural disasters including the San Francisco Bay Area, China, and Japan. A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, flood, tsunami, hurricane, typhoon, or other business interruptions due, for example, to power shortages and other interruptions have harmed our business, financial condition, and operating results in the past and could do so again in the future.

We may be subject to environmental-related liabilities due to our use of hazardous materials and solvents.

Our business operations involve the use of certain hazardous materials at eight locations. We formulate UV curable, reactive dye, and ceramic ink at four locations and store UV curable, ceramic, solvent, and thermoforming ink, as well as a variety of textile ink including dye sublimation, pigmented, reactive dye, acid dye, and water-based dispersed printing ink at eight locations. We formulate and market ceramic solvent-based ink at our facility in Ypsilanti, Michigan. The solvents used in ceramic digital ink formulation have low volatility by design. As a result, ceramic digital ink poses less environmental risk compared with true solvent ink. We launched internal formulation of reactive dye ink during 2016 at our facility in Bedford, U.K. Reactive dye is a water-based dye.

The hazardous materials and solvents that we use are subject to various governmental regulations relating to their transfer, handling, packaging, use, and disposal. We store ink at warehouses worldwide, including Europe, China, Israel, the U.K., and the U.S., and shipping companies distribute ink at our direction. We face potential liability for problems such as large spills or fires that may arise at ink manufacturing locations. While we customarily obtain insurance coverage typical for this kind of risk, such insurance may not be sufficient. If we fail to comply with these laws or an accident involving our ink waste or chemicals occurs, or if our insurance coverage is not sufficient, then our business and financial results could be harmed.

Future sales of our products could be limited if we do not comply with current and future environmental and chemical content regulations.

We believe that our products are currently compliant with RoHS, WEEE, REACH, and other regulations for the European Union as well as with China RoHS and other applicable international, U.S., state, and local environmental regulations. We monitor environmental compliance regulations to ensure that our products are fully compliant prior to the implementation of any potential new requirements. However, new unforeseen legislation could require us to re-engineer our products, complete costly analyses, or perform supplier surveys, which could harm our business and negatively impact our financial results. We could also incur additional costs, sanctions, and liabilities in connection with non-compliant product recalls, regulatory fines, and exclusion of non-compliant products from certain markets.

Environmental regulations and their enforcement have tightened in China, which has resulted in the closure of facilities without notice. Although such closures have not occurred with respect to our suppliers, the unexpected shutdown of supplier factories in China may impact our supply of raw material for digital inkjet ink. Some of our ceramic printing customers in China have experienced plant closures due to stricter environmental enforcement, which has impacted our sales of ceramic ink and may impact our sales in the future.

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Our products may contain defects, which are not discovered until after shipping, which could subject us to warranty claims in excess of our warranty reserves.

Our products consist of hardware and software developed by ourselves and others, which may contain undetected defects. We have in the past discovered software and hardware defects in certain of our products after their introduction, resulting in warranty expense and other expenses incurred in connection with rectifying such defects or, in certain circumstances, replacing the defective product, which may damage our relationships with our customers. Defects could be found in new versions of our products after commencement of commercial shipment and any such defects could result in a loss or delay in market acceptance of such products and thus harm our reputation and revenue. Defects in our products (including defects in licensed third-party software) detected prior to new product releases could result in delays in the introduction of new products and the incurrence of additional expense, which could harm our operating results. We generally provide a thirteen-month hardware limited warranty commencing upon installation for certain Industrial Inkjet printers, which may cover both parts and labor. Our Fiery DFE limited warranty is 12 to 15 months.

Our standard warranties contain limits on damages and exclusions, including but not limited to alteration, modification, misuse, mishandling, and storage or operation in improper environments. While we recorded an accrual of $16.3 million at December 31, 2017, for estimated warranty costs that are estimable and probable based on historical experience, we may incur additional costs of revenue and operating expenses if our warranty provision does not reflect adequately the cost to resolve or repair defects in our products or if our liability limitations are declared enforceable, which could harm our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Actual or perceived security vulnerabilities in our products could adversely affect our revenue.

Maintaining the security of our software and hardware products is an issue of critical importance to our customers and for us. There are individuals and groups who develop and deploy viruses, worms, and other malicious software programs that could attack our products. Although we take preventive measures to protect our products, and we have a response team that is notified of high risk malicious events, these procedures may not be sufficient to mitigate damage to our products. Actual or perceived security vulnerabilities in our products could lead some customers to seek to return products, reduce or delay future purchases, or purchase competitive products. Customers may also increase their expenditures to protect their computer systems from attack, which could delay or reduce purchases of our products. Any of these actions or responses by customers could adversely affect our revenue.

System failures, or system unavailability, could harm our business.

We rely on our network infrastructure, internal and external technology systems and websites for our operations, development, marketing, support, and sales activities. These systems are also subject to potential disruptions and acts of vandalism. Any event that causes failures or interruption in our hardware or software systems could harm our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Our business could be adversely impacted in the event of a failure of our information technology infrastructure or adversely impacted by a successful cyber-attack.

We have experienced cyber security threats, threats to our information technology infrastructure and unauthorized attempts to gain access to our sensitive information. Prior cyber-attacks directed at us have not had a material impact on our business or financial results; however, this may not continue to be the case in the future. Cyber security assessment analyses undertaken by us have identified and prioritized steps to enhance our cyber security safeguards. We are in the process of implementing these recommendations. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that we will adequately protect our information or that we will not experience any future successful attacks. Due to the evolving nature of security threats, the impact of any future incident cannot be predicted, and we may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our cyber security protective measures,

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to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures or to make required notifications. In addition, we may be subject to litigation and financial losses. These costs related to cyber or other security threats or disruptions may not be fully insured or indemnified by other means. Occurrence of any of these events could adversely affect our operations, the services we provide to our customers, our financial results or our reputation; or such events could result in the loss of competitive advantages derived from our research and development efforts or other intellectual property or early obsolescence of our products and services.

We identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the occurrence of these or any other material weaknesses could have a material adverse effect on our ability to report accurate financial information in a timely manner.

As described in “Item 9A, Controls and Procedures”, our management concluded that we had material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 related to operational changes, which may impact revenue recognition, insufficient staffing levels, and inventory valuation practices at our Italian manufacturing location. Therefore, we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or effective disclosure controls and procedures, both of which are requirements of the Exchange Act, as of that date. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Following the identification of the material weaknesses, management implemented remediation plans, which were ongoing as of December 31, 2017. Because there was insufficient time as of December 31, 2017, to demonstrate that the new controls implemented as part of the remediation plan were operating effectively as of that date, management concluded that the material weaknesses described in “Item 9A, Controls and Procedures”, still existed as of December 31, 2017.

The remedial measures we are undertaking may not be adequate to prevent future misstatements or avoid other control deficiencies or material weaknesses. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting is subject to various inherent limitations, including cost limitations, judgments used in decision making, assumptions about the likelihood of future events, the soundness of our systems, the possibility of human error, and the risk of fraud. Moreover, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions and the risk that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate over time. Because of these limitations, there can be no assurance that any system of disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting will be successful in preventing all errors or fraud or in making all material information known in a timely manner to the appropriate levels of management.

Our stock price has been volatile historically and may continue to be volatile.

The market price for our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, the price of our common stock as reported on The NASDAQ Global Select Market ranged from a low of $25.54 to a high of $51.15. We expect our stock price to be subject to fluctuations as a result of a variety of factors, including factors beyond our control. These factors include:

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Because of this volatility, we may fail to meet the expectations of our stockholders or of securities analysts from time to time and the trading price of our securities could decline as a result. The stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have particularly affected the trading prices of equity securities of many high technology companies. These fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Any negative change in the public’s perception of high technology companies could depress our stock price regardless of our operating results.

The value of our investment portfolio is subject to interest rate volatility.

We maintain an investment portfolio of fixed income debt securities classified as available-for-sale securities. As a result, our investment portfolio is subject to counterparty risk and volatility if market interest rates fluctuate.

We attempt to limit our exposure to interest rate risk by investing in securities with maturities of less than three years; however, we may be unable to successfully limit our risk to interest rate fluctuations. This may cause volatility in our investment portfolio value.

We are partially self-insured for certain losses related to employee medical and dental coverage. Our self-insurance reserves may not be adequate to cover our medical and dental claim liabilities.

We are partially self-insured for certain losses related to employee medical and dental coverage, excluding employees covered by health maintenance organizations. We generally have a stop loss deductible of $0.5 million per enrollee. We have accrued a contingent liability of $0.9 million as of December 31, 2017, which is not discounted, based upon examination of historical trends, historical actuarial analysis, our claims experience, total plan enrollment (including employee contributions), population demographics, and other various estimates. Although we do not expect that we will ultimately pay claims significantly different from our estimates, self-insurance reserves, net income (loss), and cash flows could be materially affected if future claims differ significantly from our historical trends and assumptions.

Our stock repurchase program could affect our stock price and add volatility.

In November 2015, our board of directors authorized $150 million for the repurchase of our outstanding common stock. This authorization expires December 31, 2018. On September 11, 2017, the board of directors approved the repurchase of an additional $125 million for our share repurchase program commencing September 11, 2017. At that time, $28.8 million remained available for repurchase under the 2015 authorization. The 2017 authorization thereby increased the repurchase authorization to $153.8 million of our common stock. As of December 31, 2017, $109.4 million remained available for repurchase under this authorization.

Any repurchases pursuant to our stock repurchase program could affect our stock price and add volatility. There can be no assurance that repurchases will be made at the best possible price. Potential risks and uncertainties also include, but are not necessarily limited to, the amount and timing of future stock repurchases and the origin of funds used for such repurchases. The existence of a stock repurchase program could also cause our stock price to

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be higher than it would be in the absence of such a program and could potentially reduce the market liquidity for our stock. Depending on market conditions and other factors, these repurchases may be commenced or suspended from time to time. Any such suspension could cause the market price of our stock to decline.

Our profitability may be affected by unanticipated changes in our tax provisions, the adoption of new U.S. or foreign tax legislation, or exposure to additional income tax liabilities.

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and many foreign countries. Intercompany transaction pricing can impact our tax liabilities. We are potentially subject to tax audits in various countries and tax authorities may disagree with our tax treatments, including intercompany pricing or other matters, and assess additional taxes. We regularly review the likely outcomes of these audits to determine whether our tax provisions are sufficient. However, there can be no assurance that we will accurately predict the outcomes of these audits, and the final assessments of these audits can have a material impact on our net income (loss).

Our effective tax rate in the future may be impacted by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes in tax laws, new information discovered during the preparation of our tax returns, deemed repatriation of foreign earnings, and enactment of future U.S. and foreign tax legislative initiatives, such as tax reform legislation (“2017 Tax Act”) enacted on December 22, 2017 in the United States (“U.S.”) or multi-jurisdictional actions to address “base erosion and profit-shifting” by multinational companies. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, or OECD, issued a series of reports on October 5, 2015 recommending changes to numerous well-established tax principles. These recommendations, if adopted by various OECD countries in which we do business, could adversely affect our effective tax rate.

The 2017 Tax Act will have a broad range impact on our tax liability, current business deductions, and the U.S. taxation of income earned by our foreign subsidiaries. Many of the provisions significantly differ from current U.S. tax law resulting in changes to tax reporting and potentially increasing tax liabilities incurred.

On December 22, 2017, the 2017 Tax Act was enacted, which includes a broad range of changes affecting businesses, including corporate tax rates, business deductions, and international tax provisions. Many of the provisions significantly differ from current U.S. tax law. The enactment of the 2017 Tax Act requires companies to recognize the effects of changes in tax law and rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities and the retroactive effects of changes in tax laws in the period in which the new legislation is enacted in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740, Income Taxes. These effects of changes in tax law are recorded as a discrete item and part of tax expense or benefit in continuing operations, regardless of the category of income or loss to which the deferred taxes relate.

In accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 118, we determined that measurement of certain income tax effects can be reasonably estimated at December 31, 2017, and we recorded a $27.5 million charge in the fourth quarter of 2017 as a provisional estimate. While we have calculated a reasonable estimate of the impact of the U.S. tax rate reduction and the amount of the deemed repatriation transition tax, we are still gathering additional information to refine and finalize our calculation of the impacts on our U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities, the deemed repatriation transition tax, and other provisions associated with the 2017 Tax Act. Changes to these estimates and provisional amounts may affect our financial results.

The 2017 Tax Act also will also significantly impact the year ending December 31, 2018, including, but not limited to the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, a minimum tax to address base erosion and profit shifting from the U.S., the elimination of U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries, a new tax on global intangible low-tax income (“GILTI”), a limitation of deductible interest expense, and the repeal of the domestic production activity deduction. There are additional limitations imposed on the deductibility of certain executive compensation, the use of foreign tax credits to reduce U.S. income tax

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liabilities, and the utilization of net operating losses generated after December 31, 2017. These changes in tax law may affect both our financial results and our taxes paid.

We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of our 0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 (“Notes”) in cash, repay the Notes at maturity, or repurchase the Notes upon a fundamental change.

In September 2014, we completed a private placement of $345 million principal amount of Notes. Holders of the Notes will have the right to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, as described in Note 7—Convertible Senior Notes, Note Hedges, and Warrants of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Upon conversion of the Notes, we will be required to make conversion payments in cash, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our common stock to settle such conversion, as described in Note 7—Convertible Senior Notes, Note Hedges, and Warrants of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Moreover, we will be required to repay the Notes in cash at their maturity, unless earlier converted or repurchased. However, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing when the Notes are to be repurchased, converted, or at their maturity.

The conditional conversion feature of the Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

In the event the conditional conversion feature of the Notes is triggered, holders of Notes will be entitled to convert the Notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their Notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock, we would be required to settle all or a portion of the conversion obligation through the payment of cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity. Even if holders do not elect to convert their Notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the Notes as a current liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital.

The accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash (such as the Notes) could have a material effect on our reported financial results.

Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, requires us to separately account for the liability and equity components of the Notes that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion in a manner that reflects our non-convertible debt interest rate. Accordingly, the equity component of the Notes is included in additional paid-in capital within stockholders’ equity in our Consolidated Balance Sheet and the value of the equity component is treated as original issue discount for purposes of accounting for the debt component of the Notes. As a result, we are required to recognize non-cash interest expense in our Consolidated Statement of Operations in current and future periods as a result of the amortization of the discounted carrying value of the Notes to their principal amount over their term. We will report lower net income (loss) because ASC 470-20 requires interest to include both the current period’s amortization of the original issue discount and the Notes’ non-convertible interest rate. This could adversely affect our future consolidated financial results, the trading price of our common stock, and the trading price of the Notes.

Under certain circumstances, in calculating earnings per share, convertible debt instruments (such as the Notes) that may be settled entirely or partially in cash are accounted for utilizing the treasury stock method. The effect of the treasury stock method is that the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Notes, if any, are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share except to the extent that the conversion value of the Notes exceeds their principal amount. Under the treasury stock method, diluted earnings per share is calculated

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as if the number of shares of common stock that would be necessary to settle such excess were issued, if we elected to settle such excess in shares. We cannot be sure that accounting standards will continue to permit the use of the treasury stock method in the future. If we are unable to use the treasury stock method in accounting for the shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes, if any, then our diluted consolidated earnings per share would be adversely affected.

Certain provisions contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws, and under Delaware law could delay or impair a change in control.

Certain provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could have the effect of rendering more difficult or discouraging an acquisition of the Company deemed undesirable by our board of directors. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation allows the board of directors to issue preferred stock, which may include powers, preferences, privileges, and other rights superior to our common stock, thereby limiting our stockholders’ ability to transfer their shares and may affect the price they are able to obtain. Our amended and restated bylaws do not allow stockholders to call special meetings and include, among other things, procedures for advance notification of stockholder nominations and proposals, which may have the effect of delaying or impairing attempts by our stockholders to remove or replace management, to commence proxy contests, or to effect changes in control or hostile takeovers of the Company.

As a Delaware corporation, we are subject to Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which imposes restrictions on certain transactions between a corporation and certain significant stockholders. These provisions could also have the effect of delaying or impairing the removal or replacement of management, proxy contests, or changes in control. Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws that has the effect of delaying or impairing a change in control of the Company could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock and could affect the price that certain investors may be willing to pay for our common stock.

Item 1B: Unresolved Staff Comments:

None.

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Item 2: Properties

As of December 31, 2017, we owned or leased a total of approximately 1.7 million square feet worldwide. The following table sets forth the location, size, and use of our principal facilities (square footage in thousands):

The lease commenced on August 26, 2016. We leased 16.9 acres of land related to this manufacturing and warehouse lease. See Note 15—Property and Equipment, net, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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In addition to the facilities listed above, we leased 49 additional domestic and international regional operations and sales offices, excluding facilities that have been fully reserved and subleased, and we own an additional international sales office building. We believe that our facilities, in general, are adequate for our present needs. We do not expect that we would experience difficulties in obtaining additional space at fair market rates, if the need arose.

Item 3: Legal Proceedings

We may be involved, from time to time, in a variety of claims, lawsuits, investigations, or proceedings relating to contractual disputes, securities laws, intellectual property rights, employment, or other matters that may arise in the normal course of business. We assess our potential liability in each of these matters by using the information available to us. We develop our views on estimated losses in consultation with inside and outside counsel, which involves a subjective analysis of potential results and various combinations of appropriate litigation and settlement strategies. We accrue estimated losses from contingencies if a loss is deemed probable and can be reasonably estimated.

As of December 31, 2017, we are subject to the matters discussed below.

Matan Digital Printing Ltd. (“MDG”) Matter

EFI acquired Matan in 2015 from sellers (the “2015 Sellers”) that acquired MDG from other sellers in 2001 (the “2001 Sellers”). The 2001 Sellers have asserted a claim against the 2015 Sellers and Matan asserting that they are entitled to a portion of the 2015 Sellers’ proceeds from EFI’s acquisition. The 2015 Sellers dispute this claim and have agreed to indemnify EFI against the 2001 Sellers’ claim.

Although we are fully indemnified and we do not believe that it is probable that we will incur a loss, it is reasonably possible that our financial statements could be materially affected by the unfavorable resolution of this matter. Accordingly, it is reasonably possible that we could incur a material loss in this matter. We estimate the range of loss to be between one dollar and $10.1 million. If we incur a loss in this matter, it will be offset by a receivable of an equal amount representing a claim for indemnification against the escrow account established in connection with the Matan acquisition.

Purported Class Action Lawsuit

On August 10, 2017, a putative class action was filed against the Company and its two named executive officers in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, captioned Pipitone v. Electronics For Imaging, Inc., No. 2:17-cv-05992 (D.N.J.) and a first amended complaint was filed on February 20, 2018. The complaint alleges, among other things, that statements by the Company and its officers about the Company’s financial reporting, revenue recognition, internal controls, and disclosure controls and procedures were false or misleading. The complaint seeks an unspecified amount of damages, interest, attorneys’ fees, and other costs, on behalf of a putative class of individuals and entities that purchased or otherwise acquired EFI securities from February 22, 2017 through August 3, 2017.

At this time, we do not believe it is probable that we will incur a material loss in this matter. However, it is reasonably possible that our financial statements could be materially affected by an unfavorable resolution of this matter. Because this matter is in the preliminary stages, we are not yet in a position to estimate the amount or range of reasonably possible loss that may be incurred.

Shareholder Derivative Lawsuit

On August 22, 2017, a shareholder derivative complaint was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Alameda captioned Schiffmiller v. Gecht, No. RG17873197. The complaint makes claims derivatively and on behalf of the Company as nominal defendant against the Company’s named executive officers and directors for alleged breaches of fiduciary duties and unjust enrichment, and alleges, among other

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things, that statements by the Company and its officers about the Company’s financial reporting, revenue recognition, internal controls, and disclosure controls and procedures were false or misleading. The complaint alleges the Company has suffered damage as a result of the individual defendants’ alleged actions, and seeks an unspecified amount of damages, restitution, and declaratory and other relief. The derivative action has been stayed pending the resolution of the Pipitone class action described above.

At this time, we do not believe it is probable that we will incur a material loss in this matter. However, it is reasonably possible that our financial statements could be materially affected by an unfavorable resolution of this matter. Because this matter has been stayed pending resolution of the Pipitone class action described above, we are not yet in a position to estimate the amount or range of reasonably possible loss that may be incurred.

Other Matters

As of December 31, 2017, we were subject to various other claims, lawsuits, investigations, and proceedings in addition to the matters discussed above. There is at least a reasonable possibility that additional losses may be incurred in excess of the amounts that we have accrued. However, we believe that these claims are not material to our financial statements or the range of reasonably possible losses is not reasonably estimable. Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and while we believe that we have valid defenses with respect to legal matters pending against us, our financial statements could be materially affected in any particular period by the unfavorable resolution of one or more of these contingencies or because of the diversion of management’s attention and the incurrence of significant expenses.

Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5: Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our common stock has traded on The NASDAQ Global Select Market (formerly The NASDAQ National Market) under the symbol EFII since October 2, 1992. The table below lists the high and low sales price during each quarter the stock was traded in 2017 and 2016.

As of January 29, 2018, there were 103 stockholders of record, excluding a substantially greater number of “street name” holders or beneficial holders of our common stock, whose shares are held of record by banks, brokers, and other financial institutions.

We did not declare or pay cash dividends on our common stock in either 2017 or 2016. We currently anticipate that we will retain all available funds for the operation of our business and do not plan to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We believe that the most strategic uses of our cash resources include business acquisitions, strategic investments to gain access to new technologies, repurchases of shares of our common stock, and working capital.

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Equity Compensation Plan Information

Information regarding our equity compensation plans may be found in Note 12—Employee Benefit Plans of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and Item 12—Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.

Repurchases of Equity Securities

Repurchases of equity securities during the year ended December 31, 2017 were as follows (in thousands except per share amounts):

Comparison of Cumulative Total Return among Electronics For Imaging, Inc., NASDAQ Composite, and NASDAQ Computer Manufacturers Index

The stock price performance graph below includes information required by the SEC and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K into any filing under the Securities Act or under the Exchange Act, except to the extent the Company specifically incorporates this information by reference, and shall not otherwise be deemed soliciting material or filed under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, or subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act.

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The following graph compares cumulative total returns based on an initial investment of $100 in our common stock to the NASDAQ Composite and the NASDAQ Computer Manufacturers Index. The stock price performance shown on the graph below is not indicative of future price performance and only reflects the Company’s relative stock price for the five-year period ending on December 31, 2017. All values assume reinvestment of dividends and are calculated at December 31 of each year.

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Item 6: Selected Financial Data

The following table summarizes selected consolidated financial data as of and for the five years ended December 31, 2017. This information should be read in conjunction with Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto. For a more detailed description, see Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

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Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

All assumptions, anticipations, expectations, and forecasts contained herein are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include, among others, those statements including words such as “address,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “consider,” “continue,” “develop,” “estimate,” “expect,” “further,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” variations of such words, and similar expressions. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed here. For a discussion of the factors that could impact our results, readers are referred to Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and to our other reports filed with the SEC, including the Company’s most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments thereto. We do not assume any obligation to update the forward-looking statements provided to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after the date on which they were made.

Overview

Out-of-Period Adjustments. As discussed more fully in Note 1—The Company and its Significant Accounting Policies of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, during the year ended December 31, 2017, we recorded out-of-period adjustments related to certain bill and hold transactions, which decreased revenue by $3.4 million, decreased gross profit by $0.5 million, and increased net loss by $0.3 million (or $0.01 per diluted share).

Correction of Prior Period Financial Information. As discussed more fully in Note 1—The Company and Its Significant Accounting Policies of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, during the year ended December 31, 2017, we identified certain errors at our Italian manufacturing subsidiary attributable to the valuation and classification of certain finished goods inventory. The errors relating to prior year comparative financial information decreased gross profit, operating expenses, and net income for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 resulting in a decrease in net income of $0.6 and $1.3 million, respectively, from amounts previously reported of $45.5 and $33.5 million, respectively.

Key financial results for the year ended December 31, 2017 were as follows:

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Results of Operations

The following table presents items in our consolidated statements of operations as a percentage of total revenue for 2017, 2016, and 2015. These operating results are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period.

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Revenue

We classify our revenue, gross profit, assets, and liabilities in accordance with our three operating segments as follows:

Industrial Inkjet, which consists of our VUTEk super-wide and wide format display graphics, Nozomi corrugated packaging and display, Reggiani textile, and Cretaprint ceramic tile decoration and building material industrial digital inkjet printers; digital UV curable, LED curable, ceramic, water-based, and thermoforming and specialty ink, as well as a variety of textile ink including dye sublimation, pigmented, reactive dye, acid dye, pure disperse dye, water-based dispersed printing ink, and coatings; digital inkjet printer parts; and professional services. Printing surfaces include paper, vinyl, corrugated, textile, glass, plastic, aluminum composite, ceramic tile, wood, and many other flexible and rigid substrates.

Productivity Software, which consists of a complete software suite that enables efficient and automated end-to-end business and production workflows for the print and packaging industry. This Productivity Suite also provides tools to enable revenue growth, efficient scheduling, and optimization of processes, equipment, and personnel. Customers are provided the financial and technical flexibility to deploy locally within their business or to be hosted in the cloud. The Productivity Suite addresses all segments of the print industry and consists of the: (i) Packaging Suite, with Radius at its core, for tag & label, cartons, and flexible packaging businesses; (ii) Corrugated Packaging Suite, with CTI at its core, for corrugated packaging businesses, including corrugated control capability using EFI Escada; (iii) Enterprise Commercial Print Suite, with Monarch at its core, for enterprise print businesses; (iv) Publication Print Suite, with Monarch or Technique at its core, for publication print businesses; (v) Midmarket Print Suite, with Pace at its core, for medium size print businesses; (vi) Quick Print Suite, with PrintSmith Vision and essential capabilities of Digital StoreFront at its core, for small printers and in-plant sites; and (vii) Value Added Products, available with the suite and standalone, such as web-to-print, e-commerce, cross media marketing, warehousing, fulfillment, shop floor data collection, and shipping to reduce costs, increase profits, and offer new products and services to their existing and future customers. We also market Optitex fashion CAD software, which facilitates fast fashion and increased efficiency in the fashion and textile industries.

Fiery, which consists of Fiery and FFPS, which was recently acquired from Xerox, that transform digital copiers and printers into high performance networked printing devices for the office, industrial, and commercial printing markets. This operating segment is comprised of (i) stand-alone DFEs connected to digital printers, copiers, and other peripheral devices, (ii) embedded DFEs and design-licensed solutions used in digital copiers and multi-functional devices, (iii) optional software integrated into our DFE solutions such as Fiery Central and Graphics Arts Package, (iv) Fiery Self Serve, our self-service and payment solution, and (v) stand-alone software-based solutions such as our proofing, textile, and scanning solutions.

Ex-Currency. To better understand trends in our business, we believe it is helpful to adjust our statement of operations to exclude the impact of year-over-year changes in the translation of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars. This is a non-GAAP measure that is calculated by adjusting revenue, gross profit, and operating expenses by using historical exchange rates in effect during the comparable prior period and removing the balance sheet currency remeasurement impact from interest income and other income (expense), net, including removal of any hedging gains and losses. We refer to these adjustments as “ex-currency.” The year-over-year currency impact can be determined as the difference between year-over-year actual growth rates and year-over-year ex-currency growth rates.

Management believes the ex-currency measures provide investors with an additional perspective on year-over-year financial trends and enables investors to analyze our operating results in the same way management does. A reconciliation of the ex-currency adjustments to GAAP results for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 and an explanation of how management uses non-GAAP financial information to evaluate its business, the substance behind management’s decision to use this non-GAAP financial information, the material limitations

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associated with the use of non-GAAP financial information, the manner in which management compensates for those limitations, and the substantive reasons management believes that this non-GAAP financial information provides useful information to investors is included under “Unaudited Non-GAAP Financial Information” below.

Revenue by Operating Segment

Our revenue by operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

Overview

Revenue was $993.3, $992.1, and $882.5, million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, resulting in an increase of less than 1% (decrease of less than 1% ex-currency) in 2017 compared with 2016 and a 12% increase (14% ex-currency) in 2016 compared with 2015.

The $1.2 million increase in 2017 compared with 2016 was primarily due to increased Industrial Inkjet and Productivity Software revenue, partially offset by decreased Fiery revenue.

The $109.5 million increase in 2016 compared with 2015 was primarily due to increased digital inkjet printer revenue, a full year of Reggiani and Matan revenue, increased ink revenue, and post-acquisition Rialco revenue in the Industrial Inkjet operating segment and post-acquisition Optitex, CTI, and Shuttleworth revenue in the Productivity Software operating segment, partially offset by decreased Fiery revenue.

Industrial Inkjet

Industrial Inkjet revenue increased by $8.1 million, or 1% (also 1% ex-currency) in 2017 compared with 2016. Industrial Inkjet revenue increased primarily due to:

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Industrial Inkjet revenue increased by $114.9 million, or 26% (27% ex-currency) in 2016 compared with 2015. Industrial Inkjet revenue is benefiting from the ongoing analog to digital technology and solvent to UV curable ink migrations primarily due to:

Productivity Software

Productivity Software revenue increased by $4.8 million, or 3% (also 3% ex-currency) in 2017 compared with 2016 primarily due to post-acquisition Optitex revenue, which was acquired in June 2016, post-acquisition CRC revenue, which was acquired in May 2017, post-acquisition Escada revenue, which was acquired in October 2017, increased service revenue, and annual price increases related to our maintenance contracts, partially offset by decreased license revenue.

Productivity Software revenue increased by $16.4 million, or 12% (14% ex-currency), in 2016 compared with 2015, primarily due to post-acquisition Optitex revenue, a full year of CTI and Shuttleworth revenue in 2016 compared with three and two months, respectively, in 2015; increased license revenue; and annual price increases related to our maintenance contracts.

Fiery

Fiery revenue decreased by $11.7 million, or 4% (also 4% ex-currency) in 2017 compared with 2016. Although end customer and reseller preference for Fiery products drives demand, most Fiery revenue relies on printer manufacturers to design, develop, and integrate Fiery technology into their print engines. The leading printer manufacturers tightly managed their inventory levels in the first half of 2017, which decreased demand, partially offset by increased inventory levels and increased demand in the second half of 2017. This decrease was partially offset by post-acquisition FFPS revenue, which was acquired in January 2017, and post-acquisition Generation Digital revenue, which was acquired in August 2017.

Fiery revenue decreased by $21.7 million, or 7% (also 7% ex-currency), in 2016 compared with 2015. Fiery revenue decreased in 2016 primarily due to:

Revenue by Geographic Area

Shipments to some of our significant printer manufacturer customers are made to centralized purchasing and manufacturing locations, which in turn ship to other locations, making it difficult to obtain accurate geographical shipment data. Accordingly, we believe that export sales of our products into each region may differ from what is reported.

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Our revenue by geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

Overview

Our consolidated revenue increased by $1.2 million or less than 1% (decrease of less than 1% ex-currency), in 2017 compared with 2016 primarily due to increased revenue in EMEA and APAC, partially offset by decreased revenue in the Americas.

Our consolidated revenue increase of $109.5 million, or 12% (14% ex-currency) in 2016 compared with 2015, resulted from increased revenue in the Americas, EMEA, and APAC. EMEA increased by 24% primarily due to acquisitions.

Americas

Americas revenue decreased by $12.4 million, or 2% (3% ex-currency), in 2017 compared with 2016 primarily due to decreased industrial digital inkjet printer revenue resulting from reduced demand in anticipation of future product launches, industrial digital inkjet revenue that would have been higher by $3.4 million when considering out-of-period adjustments related to certain bill and hold transactions, and decreased Fiery revenue, partially offset by increased ink revenue.

Americas revenue increased by $26.8 million, or 6% (also 6% ex-currency), in 2016 compared with 2015 resulting from increased ink revenue; increased industrial digital inkjet printer revenue; and increased Productivity Software revenue; partially offset by decreased Fiery revenue. Increased Industrial Inkjet is primarily due to a full year of Reggiani and Matan revenue, which were acquired in July 2015. Increased Productivity Software revenue resulted primarily from our 2016 acquisition of Optitex; our 2015 acquisition of CTI, and increased license revenue. Fiery revenue decreased primarily due to reduced end user demand associated with the Drupa trade show in June 2016, which occurs every four years, caused by end users delaying purchasing decisions until new printer models are available and one significant printer manufacturer purchasing less inventory.

EMEA

EMEA revenue increased by $9.3 million, or 3% (2% ex-currency), in 2017 compared with 2016 primarily due to increased industrial digital inkjet printer revenue due to the Nozomi industrial digital inkjet corrugated packaging printer, ink revenue, post-acquisition Optitex revenue, and post-acquisition Escada revenue, partially offset by decreased Fiery revenue.

EMEA revenue increased by $69.2 million, or 24% (26% ex-currency), in 2016 compared with 2015 primarily due to increased industrial digital inkjet printer revenue; full year of Reggiani and Matan revenue, which were acquired in July 2015; post-acquisition revenue from our 2016 acquisitions of Rialco and Optitex; revenue from our 2015 acquisition of Shuttleworth; and increased license revenue; partially offset by decreased Fiery revenue

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due to reduced end user demand associated with the Drupa trade show in June 2016, which occurs every four years, caused by end users delaying purchasing decisions until new printer models are available and one significant printer manufacturer purchasing less inventory.

APAC

APAC revenue increased by $4.3 million, or 3% (2% ex-currency), in 2017 compared with 2016 primarily due to increased industrial digital inkjet printer and ink revenue and post-acquisition Optitex revenue, partially offset by decreased Fiery revenue.

APAC revenue increased by $13.5 million, or 11% (13% ex-currency), in 2016 compared with 2015 primarily due to increased industrial digital inkjet printer revenue; and Optitex post-acquisition revenue; partially offset by decreased Fiery revenue primarily due to weak demand in the APAC.

Revenue Concentration

A substantial portion of our revenue over the years has been attributable to sales of products through the leading printer manufacturers and independent distributor channels. We have a direct relationship with several leading printer manufacturers and work closely to design, develop, and integrate Fiery technology into their print engines. The printer manufacturers act as distributors and sell our DFE products to end customers through reseller channels. End customer and reseller channel preference for our DFE and software solutions drives demand for Fiery products through the printer manufacturers.

Although end customer and reseller channel preference for Fiery products drives demand, most Fiery revenue relies on printer manufacturers to design, develop, and integrate Fiery technology into their print engines. A significant portion of our revenue is, and has been, generated by sales of our Fiery DFE products to a relatively small number of leading printer manufacturers. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2015, Xerox provided 11% and 12% of our consolidated revenue, respectively. None of these printer manufacturers accounted for more than 10% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2016. We expect that if we increase our revenue in the Industrial Inkjet and Productivity Software operating segments in the future, the percentage of our revenue from the leading printer manufacturer customers will decrease.

Our reliance on revenue from the leading printer manufacturers was 26%, 28%, and 33% during 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Over time, we expect our revenue from the leading printer manufacturers to decline as a percentage of our consolidated revenue. Because sales of our printer and copier-related products constitute a significant portion of our revenue and there are a limited number of printer manufacturers producing copiers and printers in sufficient volume to be attractive customers for us, we expect that we will continue to depend on a relatively small number of printer manufacturers for a significant portion of our Fiery DFE revenue in future periods. Accordingly, if we lose or experience reduced sales to one of these printer manufacturer/distributors, we will have difficulty replacing that revenue with sales to new or existing customers.

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Gross Profit

Gross profit by operating segment, excluding stock-based compensation, for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

A reconciliation of operating segment gross profit to the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 is as follows (in thousands):

The Fiery gross profit percentage is impacted by $1.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2017, charged to cost of revenue, which reflects the cost of manufacturing plus a portion of the expected profit margin related to the acquired FFPS inventories. Inventory acquired in the acquisition of FFPS was required to be recorded at fair value rather than historical cost in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. This amount is not included in the financial information regularly reviewed by management as this acquisition-related charge is not indicative of the gross margin trends in the FFPS business. Excluding this charge, the Fiery gross profit percentage would have been 70.4% during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Overview

Our gross profit percentage was 51% (also 51% ex-currency using 2016 exchange rates) during the year ended December 31, 2017, which was comparable to 51% during the year ended December 31, 2016. The comparable gross profit percentage was primarily due to an increase in the Industrial Inkjet operating segment gross profit percentage as a result of improvements in manufacturing efficiency, reduced warranty costs due to improved printer quality, and higher margin ink revenue representing an increased percentage of product mix, which was offset by decreased Productivity Software and Fiery gross profit percentages.

Our gross profit percentage decreased to 51% (52% ex-currency using 2015 exchange rates) during the year ended December 31, 2016, compared to 52% during the year ended December 31, 2015, primarily due to increased Industrial Inkjet revenue mix at a gross profit percentage of 35.4% compared with Productivity Software and Fiery gross profit percentages of 75.2% and 71.4%, respectively. Industrial Inkjet revenue increased as a percentage of revenue to 56.7% during the year ended December 31, 2016, from 50.7%, during the year ended December 31, 2015.

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Industrial Inkjet Gross Profit

The Industrial Inkjet gross profit percentage increased to 36.6% (36.5% ex-currency using 2016 exchange rates) in 2017 from 35.4% in 2016. Gross profit percentages improved in ink, parts, and service, while digital inkjet printer gross profit percentages were comparable. The digital inkjet printer gross profit percentage continued to benefit from manufacturing efficiencies related to super-wide format industrial digital inkjet production, reduced warranty expense due to engineering and quality improvements, and increased ink revenue at a higher gross profit percentage, partially offset by lower gross profit during the launch of our Nozomi single-pass industrial digital inkjet platform and inventory writedowns as a result of the Xeikon transaction.

The Industrial Inkjet gross profit percentage increased to 35.4% (35.6% ex-currency using 2015 exchange rates) in 2016 from 33.7% in 2015. Gross profit percentages improved by leveraging efficiencies in our worldwide digital inkjet printer manufacturing operations, centralizing super-wide format textile digital inkjet printer production in Italy, transferring production of super-wide format roll-to-roll digital inkjet printers to Israel to leverage the lower cost platform that location provides, reducing warranty expense as a percentage of revenue due to engineering and quality improvements, and increasing ink revenue as a percentage of consolidated Industrial Inkjet revenue. Our ink business generates a higher gross profit percentage than other elements of our Industrial Inkjet operating segment.

Productivity Software Gross Profit

The Productivity Software gross profit percentages decreased to 73.1% (73.0% ex-currency using 2016 exchange rates) in 2017 from 75.2% in 2016 primarily due to decreased license revenue and increased product maintenance costs, partially offset by price increases on annual maintenance renewal contracts.

The Productivity Software gross profit percentage increased to 75.2% (75.0% ex-currency using 2015 exchange rates) in 2016 from 73.3% in 2015 primarily due to efficiencies gained through increased revenue on a relatively fixed cost base, achievement of certain post-acquisition cost synergies, and price increases on annual maintenance renewal contracts.

Fiery Gross Profit

The Fiery gross profit percentage decreased to 69.9% (also 69.9% ex-currency using 2016 exchange rates) in 2017 from 71.4% in 2016. The Fiery gross profit percentage, excluding the fair value adjustment related to acquired FFPS inventories of $1.4 million, decreased to 70.4% (also 70.4% ex-currency) during the year ended December 31, 2017 from 71.4% during the year ended December 31, 2016. The revenue mix between standalone and embedded DFEs, which have a lower margin compared with higher margin software options, accounts for this margin fluctuation between the periods.

The Fiery gross profit percentage increased to 71.4% (also 71.4% ex-currency using 2015 exchange rates) in 2016 from 70.2% in 2015. The revenue mix between lower margin DFEs and software solutions compared with higher margin professional services accounted for this margin fluctuation between the periods.

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Operating Expenses

Operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 were as follows (in thousands):

Operating expenses increased by $26.6 million, or 6% (5% ex-currency) in 2017 compared with 2016 and increased by $49.6 million, or 12% (13% ex-currency) in 2016 compared with 2015.

Operating expenses increased by $26.6 million to $478.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2017, from $452.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to head count and consulting increases related to our business acquisitions, prototype and non-recurring engineering expenses related to future product launches, FFPS sustaining engineering, amortization of intangible assets, restructuring and other, asset impairment, legal and accounting fees related to the revenue recognition review and assessment, and fair value of contingent consideration, partially offset by decreased stock-based compensation, and trade show and marketing expenses.

Operating expenses increased by $49.6 million to $452.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2016, from $402.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2015, but was comparable as a percentage of revenue at 46% to the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to head count increases related to our business acquisitions, prototype and non-recurring engineering expenses related to future product launches, trade show and marketing program expenses, amortization of intangible assets, increased expenses related to litigation and uncollectible accounts, restructuring and other charges, and increased fair value of contingent consideration.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses include personnel, consulting, travel, research and development facilities, prototype materials, and non-recurring engineering expenses.

Research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 were $157.4 million, or 16% of revenue, $151.4 million, or 15% of revenue, and $141.4 million, or 16% of revenue, respectively.

Research and development expenses increased by $6.0 million, or 4% (3% ex-currency) in 2017 compared with 2016. Personnel-related expenses decreased by $4.2 million primarily due to reduced variable compensation expense. Prototypes and non-recurring engineering, consulting, contractors, supplies, freight, and related travel expenses increased by $7.6 million related to future product launches and FFPS sustaining engineering. Stock-based compensation expense increased by $0.2 million primarily due to increased ESPP participation by employees compared to the prior year, partially offset by reduced probability of achieving certain performance based awards and delayed annual award grants. The remaining increase of $2.4 million is primarily due to facilities and information technology expenses related to our research and development activities.

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Research and development expenses increased by $10.0 million, or 7% (8% ex-currency) in 2016 compared with 2015. Personnel-related expenses increased by $9.9 million primarily due to head count increases related to our business acquisitions and variable compensation expense. Stock-based compensation expense decreased by $0.4 million because actual forfeitures were greater than the previous forfeiture estimate that was used prior to implementation of ASU 2016-09, as more fully explained in Note 1—Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, reduced probability of achieving performance awards, and decreased Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) participation by employees compared to the prior year. The remaining increase of $0.5 million is primarily due to facility and information technology expenses related to our research and development activities.

Research and development head count was 1,229, 1,209, and 1,196 as of December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

We expect that if the U.S. dollar remains volatile against the Indian rupee, Euro, British pound sterling, Israeli shekel, or Brazilian real, research and development expenses reported in U.S. dollars could fluctuate, although we hedge our operating expense exposure to the Indian rupee, which partially mitigates this risk.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses include personnel, trade shows, marketing programs and promotional materials, sales commissions, travel and entertainment, depreciation, and worldwide sales office expenses.

Sales and marketing expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 were $173.7 million, or 17% of revenue, $169.0 million, or 17% of revenue, and $156.3 million, or 18% of revenue, respectively.

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $4.7 million, or 3% (2% ex-currency) in 2017 compared with 2016. Personnel-related expenses increased by $4.8 million primarily due to increased head count related to our business acquisitions. Trade show and marketing program spending, including consulting, contractor, travel, and freight, decreased by $0.2 million as the prior year included Drupa trade show costs. Drupa is an international printing trade show that is held every four years. Stock-based compensation expense decreased by $1.1 million primarily due to reduced probability of achieving certain performance based awards and delayed annual award grants, partially offset by increased ESPP participation by employees compared to the prior year. The remaining increase of $1.2 million is primarily due to facilities and information technology expenses related to our sales and marketing activities.

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $12.7 million, or 8% (9% ex-currency), in 2016 compared with 2015. Personnel-related expenses increased by $8.0 million primarily due to head count increases related to our business acquisitions and increased commissions due to increased revenue. Trade show and marketing program spending, including consulting, contractor, travel, and freight, increased by $4.8 million primarily due to the Drupa trade show.

Sales and marketing head count was 989, 950, and 892 as of December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, including 416, 398, and 360 in customer service head count for each of the years presented.

Over time, our sales and marketing expenses may increase in absolute terms if revenue increases in future periods as we continue to actively promote our products and introduce new services and products. We expect that if the U.S. dollar remains volatile against the Euro, British pound sterling, Brazilian real, Israeli shekel, Chinese renminbi, and other currencies, sales and marketing expenses reported in U.S. dollars could fluctuate.

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General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of human resources, legal, and finance expenses. General and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 were $93.0 million, or 9% of revenue, $85.6 million, or 9% of revenue, and $72.8 million, or 8% of revenue, respectively.

General and administrative expenses increased by $7.3 million, or 9% (8% ex-currency) in 2017 compared with 2016. Personnel-related expenses increased by $2.3 million primarily due to head count increases related to our business acquisitions. Professional services fees increased by $1.2 million. Reserves for litigation and doubtful accounts increased by $0.6 million. Legal and accounting fees related to the revenue recognition and accounting review were $6.4 million. Other legal fees increased by $0.2 million. Acquisition-related expenses decreased by $0.4 million. Stock-based compensation expense decreased by $4.2 million primarily due to reduced probability of achieving certain performance based awards and delayed annual award grants. The remaining increase of $0.7 million is primarily due to facilities and information technology expenses related to general and administrative activities.

The fair value of contingent consideration increased by $6.5 million, including earnout interest accretion of $1.7 million related to all acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2017. The Optitex, CTI, and Rialco earnout performance probabilities increased while the Shuttleworth earnout performance probability decreased during 2017. The estimated probabilities of achieving the Optitex, Reggiani, DirectSmile, and CTI earnout performance targets increased during the year ended December 31, 2016, partially offset by reduced probabilities of achieving the DIMS and Shuttleworth earnout performance targets, resulting in an increase in the associated liability and a charge to general and administrative expense of $6.9 million, including accretion of interest related to all acquisitions.

We recorded an impairment loss of $0.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2017 related to the Meredith manufacturing facility and related land. For additional information, please refer to Note 15—Property and Equipment, net, for details. There were no asset impairment charges recognized during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.

General and administrative expenses increased by $12.8 million, or 18% (19% ex-currency) in 2016 compared with 2015. Personnel-related expenses increased by $2.6 million primarily due to head count increases related to our business acquisitions. Acquisition costs decreased by $3.2 million primarily due to lower expenses in 2016 related to the Optitex, Rialco, and anticipated acquisitions compared with acquisition costs related to the Reggiani, Matan, CTI, and Shuttleworth acquisitions, which closed in 2015. Expenses related to litigation and uncollectible accounts increased by $2.8 million. Stock-based compensation expense decreased by $1.8 million because actual forfeitures were greater than the previous forfeiture estimate that was used prior to implementation of ASU 2016-09 as more fully explained in Note 1—Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, reduced probability of achieving performance awards, and decreased ESPP participation by employees compared to the prior year. The remaining increase of $3.5 million is primarily due to facilities and information technology expenses related to general and administrative activities.

The estimated probabilities of achieving the Rialco, Optitex, Reggiani, DirectSmile, and CTI earnout performance targets increased during the year ended December 31, 2016, partially offset by reduced probabilities of achieving the DIMS and Shuttleworth earnout performance targets, resulting in an increase in the associated liability and general and administrative expense of $6.9 million, including earnout interest accretion. The estimated probability or actual achievement of several earnout performance targets decreased during the year ended December 31, 2015 resulted in a reduction of the associated liability and general and administrative expense of $2.1 million in the prior year, net of earnout interest accretion.

We expect that if the U.S. dollar remains volatile against the Euro, British pound sterling, Indian rupee, Israeli shekel, Brazilian real, or other currencies, general and administrative expenses reported in U.S. dollars could fluctuate.

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Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $26.5 million, or 3% of revenue, $31.8 million, or 3% of revenue, and $34.1 million, or 4% of revenue, respectively.

We account for stock-based payment awards in accordance with ASC 718, Stock Compensation, which requires stock-based compensation expense to be recognized based on the fair value of such awards on the date of grant. We amortize compensation cost on a graded vesting basis over the vesting period, after assessing the probability of achieving requisite performance criteria with respect to performance-based awards. Stock-based compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period for each separately vesting tranche of the award as though the award were, in substance, multiple awards. This has the impact of greater stock-based compensation expense recognized during the initial years of the vesting period for awards with multiple tranches.

Stock-based compensation expenses decreased by $5.3 million, or 17% in 2017 compared with 2016 primarily due to reduced probability of achieving certain performance based awards and delayed annual award grants, partially offset by increased ESPP expense resulting from higher employee participation compared to the prior year.

Stock-based compensation expense decreased by $2.2 million, or 7% in 2016 compared with 2015 because forfeitures were greater than the previous forfeiture estimate that was used prior to implementation of ASU 2016-09, prior year forfeitures resulting from the resignation of our chief financial officer in January 2015, reduced probability of achieving performance awards, and decreased ESPP participation by employees compared to the prior year.

Amortization of Identified Intangibles

Amortization of identified intangibles for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $47.3 million, or 5% of revenue, $39.6 million, or 4% of revenue, and $26.5 million, or 3% of revenue, respectively.

Amortization of identified intangibles increased by $7.7 million, or 20% in 2017 compared with 2016 primarily due to amortization of identified intangibles resulting from the Escada, Generation Digital, CRC, and FFPS acquisitions as well as full year amortization expense recognized on 2016 acquisitions, partially offset by decreased amortization due to certain intangible assets from prior year acquisitions becoming fully amortized.

Amortization of identified intangibles increased by $13.0 million, or 49% in 2016 compared with 2015 primarily due to intangible amortization of identified intangibles resulting from the Reggiani, Matan, CTI, Shuttleworth, Rialco, and Optitex acquisitions, partially offset by decreased amortization due to certain intangible assets from prior year acquisitions becoming fully amortized.

Restructuring and Other

Restructuring and other costs for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 were $7.6, $6.7, and $5.7 million, respectively. Restructuring and other charges include severance costs of $4.7, $4.1, and $3.0 million related to head count reductions of 144, 128, and 99 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Severance costs include severance payments, related employee benefits, retention bonuses, outplacement fees, recruiting, and relocation costs.

Facilities relocation and downsizing expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 were $0.6, $0.5, and $0.9 million, respectively. Facilities restructuring and other expenses are primarily related to the relocation of certain manufacturing and administrative locations to accommodate decreased space requirements in 2017 and additional space requirements in 2016 and 2015. Integration expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 of $2.3, $2.1, and $1.8 million, respectively, were required to integrate our business acquisitions.

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Interest Expense

Interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $19.5, $17.7, and $17.4 million, respectively.

Interest expense increased by $1.8 million in 2017 compared with 2016 primarily due to interest accretion related to the FFPS purchase liability, long-term warranties, the Reggiani non-compete agreement liability, and our Notes. Interest expense increased by $0.3 million in 2016 compared with 2015 primarily due to increased interest accretion on our Notes. Please refer to Note 7—Convertible Senior Notes, Note Hedges, and Warrants of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the terms and conditions of our Notes.

Interest Income and Other Income (Expense), Net

Interest income and other income (expense), net, includes interest income on our cash equivalents and short-term investments, gains and losses from sales of our cash equivalents and short-term investments, and net foreign currency exchange gains and losses. Interest income and other income (expense), net, for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $4.1, $0.5, and $(1.8) million, respectively.

Interest income and other income (expense), net, increased to $4.1 million in 2017 from $0.5 million in 2016, primarily due to increased investment income of $0.8 million resulting from increased market interest rates, decreased foreign currency exchange losses of $2.2 million, and $0.3 million related to the Xeikon transaction.

Interest income and other income (expense), net, was a gain of $0.5 million in 2016 compared with a loss of $1.8 million in 2015 primarily due to increased investment income of $1.7 million in 2016 resulting from increased interest rates and decreased foreign exchange losses of $0.4 million during 2016 resulting primarily from revaluation of foreign currency denominated net assets (mainly denominated in Euros, British pounds sterling, and Chinese renminbi).

Goodwill Assessment

We perform our annual goodwill impairment analysis in the fourth quarter of each year according to the provisions of ASC 350-20-35, Goodwill—Subsequent Measurement. A two-step impairment test of goodwill is required, unless the simplified method is elected. In the first step, the fair value of each reporting unit is compared to its carrying value. If the fair value exceeds carrying value, goodwill is not impaired and further testing is not required. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, then the second step of the impairment test is required to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is calculated by deducting the fair value of all tangible and intangible net assets of the reporting unit, excluding goodwill, from the fair value of the reporting unit as determined in the first step. If the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, then an impairment loss must be recorded equal to the difference.

Our goodwill valuation analysis is based on our respective reporting units (Industrial Inkjet, Productivity Software, and Fiery), which are consistent with our operating segments identified in Note 14—Segment Information, Geographic Regions, and Major Customers of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. We determined the fair value of our reporting units as of December 31, 2017 by equally weighting the market and income approaches. Under the market approach, we estimated fair value based on market multiples of revenue or earnings of comparable companies. Under the income approach, we estimated fair value based on a discounted projected cash flow method using a discount rate determined by our management to be commensurate with the risk inherent in our current business model. Based on our valuation results, we have determined that the fair values of our Industrial Inkjet, Productivity Software, and Fiery reporting units exceed their carrying values by $398.1, $78.7, and $207.9 million, respectively, or 90%, 43%, and 197%, respectively, as of December 31, 2017.

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Since fair values were determined using a weighting of the market and income approaches, we reviewed the sensitivity of the market multiple and discount rate to evaluate the sensitivity of the Industrial Inkjet, Productivity Software, and Fiery valuations. The impact of a change in the market multiple of 10% results in an increase or decrease in Industrial Inkjet, Productivity Software, and Fiery fair values of 5%. Likewise, the impact of a change in the discount rate of one percentage point results in an increase in the Industrial Inkjet, Productivity Software, and Fiery fair values of 9%, 12%, and 7%, respectively, or a decrease of 7%, 9%, and 6%, respectively. Consequently, we have concluded that no reasonably possible changes would reduce the fair value of the reporting units to such a level that it would cause a failure in step one of the impairment analysis.

Income (Loss) before Income Taxes

Income (loss) before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 was as follows (in thousands):

For the year ended December 31, 2017, income before income taxes of $12.1 million consisted of U.S. loss before income taxes of $27.9 million and foreign income before income taxes of $40.0 million, respectively. Loss before income taxes attributable to U.S. operations included amortization of identified intangible assets of $13.6 million, stock-based compensation of $26.5 million, restructuring and other of $5.5 million, legal and accounting fees related to the revenue recognition review and assessment of $6.4 million, asset impairment of $0.9 million, acquisition-related costs of $1.8 million, cost of revenue resulting from the fair value adjustment of FFPS inventory of $0.6 million, increased fair value of contingent consideration of $0.7 million, and interest expense related to our Notes of $17.1 million. Income before income taxes attributable to foreign operations included amortization of identified intangible assets of $33.7 million, restructuring and other of $2.1 million, cost of revenue resulting from the fair value adjustment of FFPS inventory of $0.8 million, litigation settlement expense of $0.3 million, earnout interest accretion of $1.7 million, acquisition-related costs of $0.3 million, and increased fair value of contingent consideration of $4.1 million. The exclusion of these items from income before income taxes would result in U.S. and foreign income before income taxes of $45.2 and $83.0 million, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2017.

For the year ended December 31, 2016, income before income taxes of $38.6 million consisted of U.S. and foreign income before income taxes of $8.2 and $30.4 million, respectively. The income before income taxes attributable to U.S. operations included amortization of identified intangibles of $7.6 million, stock-based compensation of $31.8 million, restructuring and other costs of $3.8 million, acquisition-related costs of $0.6 million, litigation settlement expense of $1.0 million, and interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs related to our Notes of $16.3 million, and the change in fair value of contingent consideration of $0.6 million. The income before income taxes attributable to foreign operations included amortization of identified intangibles of $31.9 million, restructuring and other costs of $2.9 million, acquisition-related costs of $1.6 million, earnout interest accretion of $2.7 million, and the change in fair value of contingent consideration of $3.7 million. The exclusion of these items from income before income taxes would result in a U.S. and foreign income before income taxes of $69.9 and $73.2 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2016.

For the year ended December 31, 2015, income before income taxes of $35.6 million consisted of U.S. and foreign income before income taxes of $9.3 and $26.3 million, respectively. The income before income taxes attributable to U.S. operations included amortization of identified intangibles of $7.8 million, stock-based compensation of $34.1 million, restructuring and other costs of $2.4 million, acquisition-related costs of $1.0 million, litigation settlement expense of $0.6 million, and interest expense and amortization of debt issuance

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costs related to our Notes of $15.7 million, partially offset by the change in fair value of contingent consideration of $0.2 million. The income before income taxes attributable to foreign operations included amortization of identified intangibles of $18.7 million, restructuring and other costs of $3.3 million, acquisition-related costs of $4.5 million, and earnout interest accretion of $1.4 million, partially offset by the change in fair value of contingent consideration of $3.3 million. The exclusion of these items from income before income taxes would result in a U.S. and foreign before income taxes income of $70.7 and $50.9 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes

We recognized a tax provision of $27.5 million on pre-tax income of $12.1 million in 2017, a tax benefit of $6.3 million on pre-tax income of $38.6 million in 2016, and a tax provision of $3.4 million on pre-tax income of $35.6 million in 2015.

The provisions for income taxes before significant items were $5.1, $11.9, and $9.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 respectively. The decrease in the provision for income taxes before significant items during the year ended December 31, 2017, compared with the prior year, is primarily due to decreased profitability before income taxes. The increase in the provision for income taxes before significant items during the year ended December 31, 2016, compared with the prior year, is primarily due to increased profitability before income taxes. Primary differences between our tax provision before significant items and a tax provision using a U.S. statutory rate of 35% include lower taxes on permanently reinvested foreign earnings, the tax effects of stock-based compensation expense pursuant to ASC 718-740, Stock Compensation—Income Taxes, which are non-deductible for tax purposes, and tax benefits related to research and development tax credits.

Our provision for income taxes before significant items is reconciled to our provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 as follows (in millions):

On December 22, 2017, the U.S enacted the 2017 Tax Act which will have wide ranging impacts including, but not limited to, a deemed repatriation transition tax and the revaluation of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities. The SEC issued SAB 118 which allows us to record a provisional estimate of the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act in the period in which we can make a reasonable estimate of its effects. We have recorded a $27.5 million tax charge in the year ended December 31, 2017 as a provisional estimate. This includes an estimated charge of $17.0 million related to the deemed repatriation transition tax, which is comprised of a gross transition tax of $27.0 million offset by foreign tax credits of $10.0 million. In addition, we have recorded a $10.5 million charge related to the remeasurement of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities. While we have calculated a reasonable estimate of the impact of the U.S. tax rate reduction and the amount of the deemed repatriation transition tax, we are gathering additional information to refine and finalize our calculation of the impacts on our U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities, the deemed repatriation transition tax, and other provisions associated with the 2017 Tax Act. As we obtain additional information, we will record adjustments in subsequent periods, and will finalize the calculation of the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act in the fourth quarter of 2018, or in an earlier quarter if our analysis is complete.

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The 2017 Tax Act also created a minimum tax on certain foreign earnings, also known as the GILTI provision, commencing in the year ending December 31, 2018. Because whether we expect to have future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI depends on not only our current structure and estimated future results of global operations, but also our intent and ability to modify our structure and/or our business, we are not yet able to provide a reasonable estimate of the effect of this provision of the 2017 Tax Act. Any subsequent adjustment to the deferred tax amounts related to GILTI (or other computations) will be recorded to current tax expense in the quarter of 2018 when the analysis is complete.

During the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized a $16.6 million tax benefit (including state tax benefit) from the release of previously unrecognized tax benefits due to the expiration of U.S. federal, state, and foreign statutes of limitations, of which $10.3 million related to the 2012 gain on sale of our Foster City building and land.

We earn a significant amount of our operating income outside the U.S., which is permanently reinvested in foreign jurisdictions. Of the income generated in foreign jurisdictions with tax rates materially lower than the statutory U.S. tax rate of 35%, most is earned in the Netherlands, Spain, U.K., Italy, Israel, and the Cayman Islands. In 2017, 2016 and 2015, we realigned the ownership of certain intellectual property to augment operational synergies and parallel both our worldwide intellectual property ownership and our worldwide supply chain. Our effective tax rate could fluctuate significantly and be adversely impacted if anticipated earnings in the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, U.K., Israel, and the Cayman Islands are proportionally lower than current projections and earnings in all other jurisdictions are proportionally higher than current projections.

While we currently do not foresee a need to repatriate the earnings of foreign operations, should we require more capital in the U.S. than our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments located in the U.S., along with cash generated by our U.S. operations, we may elect to repatriate funds held in our foreign jurisdictions or raise capital in the U.S. through debt or equity issuances. These alternatives could result in higher effective tax rates, the cash payment of taxes and/or increased interest expense, and foreign income and withholding taxes. As of December 31, 2017, we have permanently reinvested $214.9 million of unremitted foreign earnings. Due to the enactment of the 2017 Tax Act, we will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on dividends received from our foreign subsidiaries commencing January 1, 2018. We are evaluating the potential foreign and U.S. state income tax liabilities that would result from future repatriations, if any, and how the 2017 Tax Act will impact our current permanent reinvestment assertion. We expect to complete this analysis and the impact, if any, which the 2017 Tax Act may have on our indefinite reinvestment assertion in the fourth quarter of 2018, or in an earlier quarter if our analysis is complete.

As of December 31, 2017, and 2016, gross unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate if recognized were $33.9 and $32.0 million, respectively, which would affect the effective tax rate, if recognized. Over the next twelve months, our existing tax positions will continue to generate increased liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits. It is reasonably possible that our gross unrecognized tax benefits will decrease up to $5.5 million in the next twelve months. These adjustments, if recognized, would positively impact our effective tax rate, and would be recognized as additional tax benefits in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. The reduction in unrecognized tax benefits relates primarily to a lapse of the statute of limitations for federal and state tax purposes.

In accordance with ASU 2013-11, we recorded $16.9 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits as an offset to deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2017, and the remaining $17.0 million has been recorded as noncurrent income taxes payable.

We recognize potential accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2017, and 2016, we have accrued $0.7 and $0.5 million, respectively, for potential payments of interest and penalties.

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As of December 31, 2017, we were subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) for the 2014-2016 tax years, state tax jurisdictions for the 2013-2016 tax years, the Netherlands tax authority for the 2014-2016 tax years, the Spanish tax authority for the 2013-2016 tax years, the Israel tax authority for the 2014-2016 tax years, and the Italian tax authority for the 2013-2016 tax years.

In Altera Corp. v. Commissioner, the U.S Tax Court issued an opinion on July 27, 2015, related to the treatment of stock-based compensation expense in an intercompany cost-sharing arrangement. To date, the U.S. Department of the Treasury has not withdrawn the requirement to include stock-based compensation in intercompany cost-sharing arrangements from its regulations. Due to the uncertainty related to the status of the current regulations and the basis of the appeal that has been filed by the Internal Revenue Service, we have not recorded any benefit as of December 31, 2017, in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. We will continue to monitor ongoing developments and potential impacts to our consolidated financial statements.

We assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income by considering both positive and negative evidence relating to their recoverability. If we believe that recovery of these deferred tax assets is not more likely than not, we establish a valuation allowance.

Significant judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we considered all available evidence, including recent operating results, projections of future taxable income, our ability to utilize loss and credit carryforwards, and the feasibility of tax planning strategies. Other than valuation allowances on deferred tax assets related to California, Luxembourg, Israel, Netherlands, and Turkey deferred tax assets that are likely to not be realized based on the size of the net operating loss and research and development credits being generated, we have determined that it is more likely than not that we will realize the benefit related to all other deferred tax assets. To the extent we increase a valuation allowance, we will include an expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in the period in which such determination is made. The valuation allowance is $45.5 and $42.4 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Unaudited Non-GAAP Financial Information

To supplement our consolidated financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP, we use non-GAAP measures of net income and earnings per diluted share that are GAAP net income (loss) and earnings per diluted share adjusted to exclude certain costs, expenses, and gains.

We believe the presentation of non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP earnings per diluted share provides important supplemental information regarding certain costs, expenses, gains, and significant items that we believe are important to understanding financial and business trends relating to our financial condition and results of operations. Non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP earnings per diluted share are among the primary indicators used by management as a basis for planning and forecasting future periods and by management and our Board of Directors to determine whether our operating performance has met specified targets and thresholds. Management uses non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP earnings per diluted share when evaluating operating performance because it believes the exclusion of the items described below, for which the amounts and/or timing may vary significantly depending on our activities and other factors, facilitates comparability of our operating performance from period to period. We have chosen to provide this information to investors so they can analyze our operating results in the same way that management does and use this information in their assessment of our business and the valuation of our Company.

Use and Economic Substance of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We compute non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP earnings per diluted share by adjusting GAAP net income (loss) and GAAP earnings per diluted share to remove the impact of the amortization of acquisition-related

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intangibles, stock-based compensation expense, non-cash settlement of vacation liabilities, restructuring and other expense, acquisition-related transaction expenses, costs to integrate such acquisitions into our business, asset impairment, incremental cost of revenue due to the fair value adjustment to inventories acquired in business acquisitions, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration including accretion and the related foreign exchange fluctuation impact, revenue recognition review costs and litigation settlement charges, and non-cash interest expense related to our Notes. We use a constant non-GAAP tax rate of 19%, which we believe reflects the long-term average tax rate based on our international structure and geographic distribution of revenue and profit.

Ex-Currency. To better understand trends in our business, we believe it is helpful to adjust our Consolidated Statements of Operations to exclude the impact of year-over-year changes in the translation of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars. This is a non-GAAP measure that is calculated by adjusting revenue, gross profit, and operating expenses by using historical exchange rates in effect during the comparable prior period and removing the balance sheet currency remeasurement impact from interest income and other income (expense), net, including removal of any hedging gains and losses. We refer to these adjustments as “ex-currency.” Management believes the ex-currency measures provide investors with an additional perspective on year-over-year financial trends and enables investors to analyze our operating results in the same way management does. The year-over-year currency impact can be determined as the difference between year-over-year actual growth rates and year-over-year ex-currency growth rates.

These excluded items are described below:

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Usefulness of Non-GAAP Financial Information to Investors

These non-GAAP measures, including ex-currency, are not in accordance with or an alternative to GAAP and may be materially different from other non-GAAP measures, including similarly titled non-GAAP measures, used by other companies. The presentation of this additional information should not be considered in isolation from, as a substitute for, or superior to, revenue, gross profit, operating expenses, net income (loss), or earnings per diluted share prepared in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations in that

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they do not reflect certain items that may have a material impact upon our reported financial results. We expect to continue to incur expenses of a nature similar to the non-GAAP adjustments described above, and exclusion of these items from our non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP earnings per diluted share should not be construed as an inference that these costs are unusual, infrequent, or non-recurring.

2017 Reconciliation of GAAP Net Income (Loss) to Non-GAAP Net Income

using 2016 Exchange Rates

(unaudited)