UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-K

 

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 000-55765

Inland Residential Properties Trust, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

630-218-8000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☐    No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ☐    No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§232.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act

 

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

There is no established market for the registrant’s shares of common stock. The registrant completed its initial public offering of its shares of common stock pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-11 on December 31, 2017, which shares were sold at a purchase price of $25.00 per Class A share, with discounts available for certain categories of purchasers, $23.95 per Class T share and $24.14 per Class T-3 share. The aggregate value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2017 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter) was $42,232,803 based on a price of $25.00 per Class A share, $23.95 per Class T share and $24.14 per Class T-3 share. As of March 1, 2018, there were 1,489,851 shares of Class A common stock, 409,068 shares of Class T common stock outstanding and 259,309 shares of Class T-3 common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

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The registrant incorporates by reference portions of its Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is expected to be filed no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year, into Part III of this Form 10-K to the extent stated herein.

 

INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

 

 

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PART I

Item 1. Business

General

Inland Residential Properties Trust, Inc. (which we refer to herein as the “Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us”) was incorporated on December 19, 2013 as a Maryland corporation. We were formed to primarily acquire and manage a portfolio of multi-family properties located primarily in the top 100 United States metropolitan statistical areas, which generally contain populations greater than 500,000 people. We entered into a business management agreement (as amended, the “Business Management Agreement”) with Inland Residential Business Manager & Advisor, Inc. (the “Business Manager”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Inland Real Estate Investment Corporation (the “Sponsor” or “IREIC”), to be the Business Manager to the Company. Our Business Manager is responsible for overseeing and managing our day-to-day operations. Our properties are managed by Inland Residential Real Estate Services LLC (the “Real Estate Manager”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of our Sponsor. Substantially all of our business is conducted through Inland Residential Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “operating partnership”), of which we are the sole general partner.

 

We were authorized to sell up to $1,000,000,000 of shares of common stock consisting of Class A common stock, $.001 par value per share (“Class A Shares”), at a price of $25.00 per share, Class T common stock, $.001 par value per share (“Class T Shares”), at a price of $23.95 per share, and Class T-3 common stock, $.001 par value per share (“Class T-3 Shares” and, together with the Class A Shares and the Class T Shares, the “Shares”), at a price of $24.14 per share, in any combination, in an initial “reasonable best efforts” offering (the “Offering”). We commenced our Offering of Class A Shares and Class T Shares on February 17, 2015 and, effective February 2, 2017, we reallocated certain of the remaining shares offered in the Offering to offer Class T-3 Shares. We ceased accepting subscription agreements dated after December 31, 2017 and terminated the Offering on January 3, 2018. We sold 2,030,812 shares of common stock generating gross proceeds of $49,628,418 from the Offering as of December 31, 2017. On February 2, 2018, our board of directors determined an estimated per share net asset value (“Estimated Per Share NAV”) for each class of our common stock equal to $23.15 for Class A Shares, $24.32 for Class T Shares and $23.55 for Class T-3 Shares. We intend to publish an updated estimated value of our shares on at least an annual basis.

 

At December 31, 2017, we owned real estate consisting of three multi-family communities totaling 623 units.  The properties consist of 677,142 square feet of residential and 10,609 square feet of retail gross leasable area. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the properties’ weighted average daily occupancy for residential was 94.7% and at December 31, 2017, 599 units, or 96.1% of the total residential units, were leased. At December 31, 2017, 100% of the retail units were occupied.

We provide the following programs to facilitate additional investment in our shares and to provide limited liquidity for stockholders.

Distribution Reinvestment Plan  

Beginning February 17, 2015, we were authorized to issue up to $190,000,000 of Class A, Class T and Class T-3 Shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan (as amended, the “DRP”). On January 11, 2018, we registered $925,000,000 of shares of common stock to be issued under our DRP pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3D. Through the DRP, we provide stockholders with the option to purchase additional shares from us by automatically reinvesting cash distributions through the DRP, subject to certain share ownership restrictions. For participants in the DRP, cash distributions paid on Class A Shares, Class T Shares and Class T-3 Shares, as applicable, are used to purchase Class A Shares, Class T Shares and Class T-3 Shares, respectively. Such purchases under the DRP are not subject to selling commissions, dealer manager fees, distribution and stockholder servicing fees or reimbursement of issuer costs in connection with shares of common stock issued through the DRP and were made initially at a price of $23.75, $22.81 and $22.81 per Class A Share, Class T Share and Class T-3 Share, respectively, until February 5, 2018 when we reported an Estimated Per Share NAV of $23.15, $24.32 and $23.55 for Class A, Class T and Class T-3 Shares, respectively. Accordingly, under the DRP, beginning with the February distribution payment to stockholders made in March 2018 and until we announce new estimated per share net asset values, distributions may be invested for shares of our common stock at a price equal to $23.15, $24.32 and $23.55 for Class A, Class T and Class T-3 Shares, respectively.

Distributions reinvested through the DRP were $1,088,899, $438,463 and $1,457 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

 

Share Repurchase Program

Under the share repurchase program (as amended, the “SRP”), we are authorized, in our discretion, to purchase shares from stockholders who purchased their shares from us or received their shares through a non-cash transfer and who have held their shares for at least one year, if requested. Subject to funds being available, we limit the number of shares repurchased during any calendar year to no more than 5% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding on December 31st of the previous calendar year.

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Funding for the SRP is limited to the proceeds that we receive from the DRP during the same period. In the case of repurchases made upon the death of a stockholder or qualifying disability, as defined in the SRP, neither the one year holding period, the limit regarding funds available from the DRP nor the 5% limit applies. The SRP will immediately terminate if our shares become listed for trading on a national securities exchange. In addition, our board of directors, in its sole direction, may, at any time, amend, suspend or terminate the SRP.

 

Repurchases through the SRP were $173,558 during the year ended December 31, 2017. There were no repurchases through the SRP during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Segment Data

We currently view our real estate portfolio as one reportable segment in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”).  Accordingly, we did not report any other segment disclosure for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.  For information related to our business segment, reference is made to Note 10 – “Segment Reporting” which is included in our December 31, 2017 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.

Tax Status

We qualified and elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes (“REIT”) under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), commencing with the tax year ended December 31, 2015. As a result, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on taxable income that is distributed to stockholders. A REIT is subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it annually distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (subject to certain adjustments and excluding any net capital gain) to its stockholders. We will monitor the business and transactions that may potentially impact our REIT status. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, without the benefit of certain relief provisions, we will be subject to U.S. federal and state income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate tax rates. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state and local taxes on our income, property or net worth and U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income.

Competition

The multi-family real estate market is highly competitive. We compete in all of our markets with other owners and operators of multi-family properties. We compete based on a number of factors that include location, rental rates, security, suitability of the property’s design to tenants’ needs and the manner in which the property is operated. The number of competing properties in a particular market could have a material effect on a property’s occupancy levels, rental rates and operating expenses.

We are subject to significant competition in seeking real estate investments and tenants. We compete with many third parties engaged in real estate investment activities including other REITs, specialty finance companies, savings and loan associations, banks, mortgage bankers, insurance companies, mutual funds, institutional investors, investment banking firms, lenders, hedge funds, governmental bodies and other entities. Some of these competitors, including larger REITs, have substantially greater financial resources than we do and generally enjoy significant competitive advantages that result from, among other things, a lower cost of capital and enhanced operating efficiencies.

Employees

We do not have any employees. In addition, all of our executive officers are officers of IREIC or one or more of its affiliates and are compensated by those entities, in part, for their services rendered to us. We neither separately compensate our executive officers for their service as officers, nor do we reimburse either our Business Manager or Real Estate Manager for any compensation paid to individuals who also serve as our executive officers, or the executive officers of our Business Manager or its affiliates or our Real Estate Manager; provided that, for these purposes, the corporate secretaries of the Company and our Business Manager are not considered “executive officers.”

Conflicts of Interest

Certain persons performing services for our Business Manager and Real Estate Manager are employees of IREIC or its affiliates, and may also perform services for its affiliates and other IREIC-sponsored entities. These individuals face competing demands for their time and services and may have conflicts in allocating their time between our business and assets and the business and assets of these other entities. IREIC also may face a conflict of interest in allocating personnel and resources among these entities. In addition, conflicts exist to the extent that we acquire properties in the same geographic areas where properties owned by other IREIC-sponsored programs are located. In these cases, a conflict may arise in the acquisition or leasing of properties if we and another IREIC-sponsored

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program are competing for the same properties or tenants, or a conflict may arise in connection with the resale of properties if we and another IREIC-sponsored program are selling similar properties at the same time.

Our charter contains provisions setting forth our ability to engage in certain related party transactions. Our board of directors reviews all of these transactions and, as a general rule, any related party transactions must be approved by a majority of the directors, including a majority of the independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction. Further, we may not engage in certain transactions with entities sponsored by, or affiliated with, IREIC unless a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, finds the transaction to be fair and reasonable and on terms no less favorable to us than those from an unaffiliated party under the same circumstances. Our board has adopted a conflicts of interest policy prohibiting us (except as noted below), without the approval of our independent directors, from engaging in the following types of transactions with IREIC-affiliated entities:

 

Likewise, our agreements or relationships between us and IREIC and its affiliates, including, for example, agreements with the Business Manager and Real Estate Manager, must also be approved by our independent directors prior to our renewal of those agreements.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, to facilitate an acquisition or borrowing, the Business Manager, or an affiliate thereof (including IREA), may purchase properties or other assets in its own name or assume loans in connection with the purchase of properties pending allocation of the property to us or our decision to acquire the property.  Any asset acquired by the Business Manager or an affiliate thereof will be transferred to us at the lesser of: (1) the price paid for the asset by the entity plus any cost incurred by the entity in acquiring or financing the asset; or (2) a price not to exceed its “fair market value” on an “as is” basis as determined by an MAI appraisal prepared by an unaffiliated third party and dated no earlier than six months prior to the time the asset is transferred to us.

Environmental Matters

As an owner of real estate, we are subject to various environmental laws, rules and regulations adopted by various governmental bodies or agencies. Compliance with these laws, rules and regulations has not had a material adverse effect on our business, assets, or results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay distributions. We do not believe that our existing portfolio as of December 31, 2017 will require us to incur material expenditures to comply with these laws and regulations.

Access to Company Information

We electronically file our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The public may read and copy any of the reports that are filed with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at (800)-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically.

We make available, free of charge, on our website, inland-investments.com/inland-residential-trust, or by responding to requests addressed to our investor services group, the Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports. These reports are available as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed or furnished to the SEC.

Certifications

We have filed with the SEC the certifications required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which are attached as Exhibits 31.1, 31.2 and 31.3 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

 

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

The factors described below represent our principal risks. Other factors may exist that we do not consider significant based on information that is currently available or that we are not currently able to anticipate. The occurrence of any of the risks discussed below could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

Because we raised substantially less than the maximum offering amount in our Offering, we will not be able to invest in as diverse a portfolio of properties as we otherwise would, which will cause our overall investment performance and the value of our stockholders’ investment to vary more widely with the performance of a single property, and cause our fixed operating expenses to constitute a greater percentage of our gross income.  Raising fewer proceeds in our Offering, therefore, increases the risk that our stockholders will not receive a full return of their investment.

 

Shares of our common stock were offered on a “reasonable best efforts” basis through a public offering. We ceased accepting subscription agreements dated after December 31, 2017 and terminated the Offering on January 3, 2018. As of December 31, 2017, we sold $49.6 million of our shares through the Offering and have invested in three properties. If we are unable to raise or access significant additional capital, we will not be able to achieve a broadly diversified portfolio. Failure to build a diversified portfolio increases the likelihood that any single property’s poor performance would materially affect our overall investment performance and the value of our stockholders’ investment. In addition, our inability to raise substantial funds increase our fixed operating expenses as a percentage of gross income and limits our ability to execute certain liquidity events, such as a listing. Each of these factors could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

We have incurred net losses on a U.S. GAAP basis for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

We have incurred net losses on a U.S. GAAP basis for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 of $3.1 million, $2.3 million and $2.5 million, respectively. Our losses can be attributed, in part, to property operating, interest, general and administrative expenses, acquisition related expenses and non-cash charges for depreciation and amortization. We may incur net losses in the future, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, operations, cash flow, and our ability to service our indebtedness and pay distributions to our stockholders. We are subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any business. As of December 31, 2017, we had acquired three multi-family communities. We cannot assure our stockholders that, in the future, we will be profitable or that we will realize growth in the value of our assets.

There is no established public trading market for our shares, and our stockholders may not be able to sell their shares under our SRP and, if our stockholders are able to sell their shares under the SRP, or otherwise, they may not be able to recover the amount of their investment in our shares.

There is no established public trading market for our shares and no assurance that one may develop. This may inhibit the transferability of our shares.  Our charter does not require our directors to seek stockholder approval to liquidate our assets by a specified date, nor does our charter require our directors to list our shares for trading by a specified date.  There is no assurance the board will pursue a listing or other liquidity event at any time in the future.  In addition, even if our board decides to seek a listing of our shares of common stock, there is no assurance that we will satisfy the listing requirements or that our shares will be approved for listing.  Thus, investors in our common stock should be prepared to hold their shares for an unlimited period of time. Our charter also limits any person or group from owning or controlling more than 9.8% in value of our outstanding stock, or 9.8% in value or in number (whichever is more restrictive) of our aggregate outstanding shares of common stock, without the prior approval of our board.

Moreover, our SRP contains numerous restrictions that limit our stockholders’ ability to sell their shares, including those relating to the number of shares of our common stock that we can repurchase at any time and the funds we may use to repurchase shares pursuant to the program. Also, we may only make ordinary repurchases, as defined in the SRP, from stockholders who purchased their shares from us or received their shares through a non-cash transfer and who have owned their shares continuously for at least a year.

We may make ordinary repurchases only if we have sufficient funds available to complete the repurchase. In any given calendar month, we are authorized to use only the proceeds from our DRP during that month to make ordinary repurchases; provided that, if we have excess funds from our DRP during any particular month, we may, but are not obligated to, carry those excess funds to the subsequent calendar month for the purpose of making ordinary repurchases. Subject to funds being available, in the case of ordinary repurchases, we limit the number of shares repurchased during any calendar year to 5% of the aggregate number of Class A Shares, Class T Shares and Class T-3 Shares outstanding on December 31st of the previous calendar year. In the case of exceptional repurchases, neither the one year holding period, the limit regarding funds available from the DRP nor the 5% limit applies. Further, we have no obligation to repurchase shares if the repurchase would violate the restrictions on distributions under Maryland law, which

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prohibits distributions that would cause a corporation to fail to meet statutory tests of solvency. The SRP will immediately terminate if our shares become listed for trading on a national securities exchange.

Moreover, our board of directors, in its sole discretion, may amend, suspend (in whole or in part), or terminate our SRP. Further, our board reserves the right in its sole discretion to change the repurchase prices or reject any requests for repurchases. Any amendments to, or suspension or termination of, the SRP may restrict or eliminate a stockholder’s ability to have us repurchase his or her shares and otherwise prevent a stockholder from liquidating his or her investment. Therefore, our stockholders may not have the opportunity to make a repurchase request prior to a potential termination of the SRP and our stockholders may not be able to sell any of their shares of common stock back to us. As a result of these restrictions and circumstances, the ability of our stockholders to sell their shares should they require liquidity is significantly restricted. Moreover, if our stockholders do sell their shares of common stock back to us pursuant to the SRP, they may be forced to do so at a discount to the purchase price such stockholders paid for their shares.

The Estimated Per Share NAVs of our common stock are based on a number of assumptions and estimates that may not be accurate or complete and are also subject to a number of limitations.

On February 5, 2018, we announced an Estimated Per Share NAV of each class of our common stock as of December 31, 2017 equal to $23.15 per Class A Share, $24.32 per Class T Share and $23.55 per Class T-3 Share. To assist our board of directors in establishing the Estimated Per Share NAVs, we engaged a third party with expertise in complex valuation. As with any methodology used to estimate value, the methodology employed by this third party was based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that may not have been accurate or complete. Further, different parties using different assumptions and estimates could have derived different estimated per share net asset values, which could be significantly different from our Estimated Per Share NAVs. The Estimated Per Share NAVs will fluctuate over time and do not represent: (i) the price at which our shares would trade on a national securities exchange, (ii) the amount per share a stockholder would obtain if he, she or it tried to sell his, her or its shares, (iii) the amount per share stockholders would receive if we liquidated our assets and distributed the proceeds after paying all our expenses and liabilities or (iv) the price a third party would pay to acquire our Company.

There is also no assurance that the methodology used to estimate our value per share will be acceptable to broker dealers for customer account purposes or to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) or that it will satisfy the applicable annual valuation requirements under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and the Internal Revenue Code with respect to employee benefit plans subject to ERISA and other retirement plans or accounts subject to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code.

The estimated values of our shares of common stock may not exceed the prices at which we are offering shares under the DRP.

Under rules published by FINRA, registered broker dealers must disclose a per share estimated value of a REIT’s securities. Due to uncertainties in the marketplace and other factors which could impact our results of operations and financial condition, the future per share estimated values of our shares may be greater or less than the price at which stockholders purchased shares or the price of our shares currently offered through our DRP.

The amount and timing of distributions, if any, may vary. We may pay distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, including the proceeds of our DRP.

There are many factors that can affect the availability and timing of distributions paid to our stockholders such as our ability to buy, and earn positive yields on, assets, our operating expense levels, as well as many other variables. We may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to pay any distributions to our stockholders. The actual amount and timing of distributions, if any, are determined by our board of directors in its discretion, based on its analysis of our actual and expected cash flow, capital expenditures and investments, as well as general financial conditions. Actual cash available for distribution may vary substantially from estimates made by our board.

We have not yet generated sufficient cash flow from operations to fund distribution payments and may not do so unless our asset base grows significantly. Our organizational documents permit us to pay distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations. Specifically, some or all of our distributions may be paid from retained cash flow (if any), from borrowings (if available) and from cash flow from investing activities, including the net proceeds from the sale of our assets, or from the net proceeds of our Offering and DRP. Accordingly, we have historically paid distributions from the net proceeds of our Offering, and until such time as we are generating cash flow from operations sufficient to cover distributions, we will likely continue to pay distributions from the proceeds of our DRP or other sources, including cash on hand. We have not established any limit on the extent to which we may use alternate sources to pay distributions except as limited by Maryland law.

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There is no assurance we will generate sufficient cash flow from operations to cover distributions. Funding distributions from the proceeds of our DRP, borrowings (if available) or asset sales will result in us having less funds available to acquire properties or other real estate-related investments. As a result, the return our stockholders realize on their investment may be reduced. Doing so may also negatively impact our ability to generate cash flows. Likewise, funding distributions from the sale of additional securities will dilute our stockholders’ interest in us on a percentage basis and may impact the value of their investment especially if we sell these securities at prices less than the price our stockholders paid for their shares. A decrease in the level of stockholder participation in the DRP could have an adverse impact on our ability to fund distributions and other operating and capital needs. If these sources are not available or are not adequate, our board may have to consider reducing or eliminating distributions.

We began declaring distributions to stockholders of record during November 2015. Of the cash distributions paid to stockholders through December 31, 2017, 67.5% ($2.0 million) have been paid from the net proceeds of our Offering.

 

We may have difficulty funding the distribution and stockholder servicing fees payable to our dealer manager with funds provided by our operations.

Historically, we have funded the distribution and stockholder servicing fees payable to our dealer manager from the net proceeds of our Offering. In the future, we intend to fund these fees from cash flow from operations but may fund them from other sources, such as DRP proceeds, borrowings (if available), cash resulting from a waiver or deferral of fees otherwise payable to the Business Manager or its affiliates, interest income from our cash balances and proceeds from sales of assets. The use of these sources and the ultimate repayment of any liabilities incurred (such as from borrowings) could adversely impact our ability to pay distributions in future periods, decrease the amount of cash we have available for operations and new investments and potentially reduce the overall return and adversely impact and dilute the value of our stockholders’ investment in shares of our common stock.

Our Business Manager is under no obligation, and may not agree, to forgo or defer its business management fee.

From time to time, IREIC or its affiliates have forgone or deferred a portion of certain fees due them from the other REITs previously sponsored by IREIC to ensure that the particular REIT generated sufficient cash from operating activities to pay distributions. In addition, from time to time, IREIC or its affiliates have contributed monies to the other IREIC-sponsored REITs to fund distributions. In each case, IREIC or its affiliates determined the amounts that would be forgone, deferred or contributed in its or their sole discretion.

Likewise, we may fund distributions from, among other things, advances or contributions from our Business Manager or IREIC or from the cash retained by us in the case that our Business Manager defers, accrues or waives all, or a portion, of its business management fees, or waives its right to be reimbursed for certain expenses. Neither our Business Manager nor IREIC has any obligation to provide us with advances or contributions, and our Business Manager is not obligated to defer, accrue or waive any portion of these fees or reimbursements. Further, there is no assurance that any of these other sources will be available to fund distributions.

Market disruptions may adversely impact many aspects of our operating results and operating condition.

The availability of debt financing secured by commercial real estate is subject to tightened underwriting standards. Further, interest rates have increased in the last two years, and are expected to continue to increase, which may affect U.S. economic conditions as a whole, or real estate industry conditions such as:

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For these and other reasons, we cannot assure our stockholders that we will be profitable or that we will realize growth in the value of our investments.

Our board of directors may change our investment policies without stockholder approval, which could alter the nature of our stockholders’ investment.

Our charter requires our independent directors to review our investment policies at least annually to determine that the policies we are following are in the best interest of our stockholders. These policies may change over time. The methods of implementing our investment policies may also vary, as new investment techniques are developed. Our investment policies, the methods for implementing them, and our other objectives, policies and procedures may be altered by a majority of the directors (which must include a majority of the independent directors), without the approval of our stockholders. As a result, the nature of our stockholders’ investment could change without their consent. A change in our investment strategy may, among other things, increase our exposure to interest rate risk, default risk and commercial real property market fluctuations, all of which could materially adversely affect our ability to achieve our investment objectives.

Actions of our joint venture partners could negatively impact our performance.

We may enter into joint ventures with third parties. Our organizational documents do not limit the amount of funds that we may invest in these joint ventures. We intend to develop and acquire properties through joint ventures with other persons or entities when warranted by the circumstances. The venture partners may share certain approval rights over major decisions and these investments may involve risks not otherwise present with other methods of investment in real estate, including, but not limited to, the following:

The failure of any bank in which we deposit our funds would reduce the amount of cash we have available to fund operations, pay distributions or invest in real estate assets.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or “FDIC,” generally only insures limited amounts per depositor per insured bank. The FDIC insures up to $250,000 per depositor per insured bank for interest-bearing accounts. At December 31, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents exceeding these federally insured levels. If any of the banking institutions in which we have deposited our funds ultimately fails, we may lose our deposits over the federally insured levels. The loss of our deposits would reduce the amount of cash we have available to fund operations, distribute or invest.

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We rely on IREIC and its affiliates and subsidiaries to manage and conduct our operations. Any material adverse change in IREIC’s financial condition or our relationship with IREIC could have a material adverse effect on our business and ability to achieve our investment objectives.

We depend on IREIC and its affiliates and subsidiaries to manage and conduct our operations. IREIC owns and controls our Business Manager and Real Estate Manager through subsidiaries. IREIC has sponsored numerous public and private programs and through its affiliates or subsidiaries has provided offering, asset, property and other management and ancillary services to these entities. From time to time, IREIC or the applicable affiliate or subsidiary has waived fees or made capital contributions to support these public or private programs. IREIC or its applicable affiliates or subsidiaries may waive fees or make capital contributions in the future. Further, IREIC and its affiliates or subsidiaries may from time to time be parties to litigation or other claims arising from sponsoring these entities or providing these services. As such, IREIC and these other entities may incur costs, liabilities or other expenses arising from litigation or claims that are either not reimbursable or not covered by insurance. Future waivers of fees, additional capital contributions or costs, liabilities or other expenses arising from litigation or claims could have a material adverse effect on IREIC’s financial condition and ability to fund our Business Manager or Real Estate Manager to the extent necessary.

If our Business Manager or Real Estate Manager lose or are unable to obtain key personnel, our ability to implement our investment strategies could be hindered.

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the contributions of certain of our executive officers and other key personnel of our Business Manager and Real Estate Manager. Neither we nor our Business Manager or Real Estate Manager has employment agreements with these persons, and we cannot guarantee that all, or any particular one, will continue to be available to provide services to us. If any of the key personnel of our Business Manager or Real Estate Manager were to cease their employment or other relationship with our Business Manager or Real Estate Manager, respectively, our results and ability to pursue our business plan could suffer. Further, we do not intend to separately maintain “key person” life insurance that would provide us with proceeds in the event of the death or disability of these persons. We believe our future success depends, in part, upon the ability of our Business Manager and Real Estate Manager to hire and retain highly skilled managerial, operational and marketing personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we cannot assure our stockholders that our Business Manager or Real Estate Manager will be successful in attracting and retaining skilled personnel. If our Business Manager or Real Estate Manager lose or are unable to obtain the services of key personnel, our ability to implement our investment strategies could be delayed or hindered, and the value of our stockholders’ investment could decline.

If we become self-managed by internalizing our management functions, we may be unable to retain key personnel.

At some point in the future, we may consider becoming self-managed by internalizing the functions performed for us by our Business Manager. Even if we become self-managed, we may not be able to hire certain key employees of the Business Manager and its affiliates, even if we are allowed to offer them positions with our Company. Although we are generally restricted from soliciting these persons pursuant to certain provisions set forth in the business management agreement, during the one-year period after the Business Manager’s receipt of an internalization notice, the Business Manager will permit us to solicit for hire the “key” employees of the Business Manager and its affiliates, including all of the persons serving as the executive officers of our Company or the Business Manager who do not also serve as directors or officers of any other IREIC-sponsored REITs. However, presently all of the executive officers of the Company and the Business Manager also serve as directors or officers of at least one other IREIC-sponsored REIT. Failure to hire or retain key personnel could result in increased costs and deficiencies in our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting. These deficiencies could cause us to incur additional costs and divert management’s attention from most effectively managing our investments, which could result in us being sued and incurring litigation-associated costs in connection with the internalization transaction.

If we seek to become self-managed other than as provided for under our business management agreement, we could incur greater costs and lose key personnel.

Our board may decide that we should pursue self-management by hiring our own group of executives and other employees or entering into an agreement with a third party, such as a merger, instead of by transitioning the services performed by our Business Manager. The costs that we would incur in this case are uncertain and may be substantial. Further, we would lose the benefit of the experience of our Business Manager. Further, if we seek to internalize the functions performed for us by our Real Estate Manager, the purchase price will be separately negotiated by our independent directors, or a committee thereof, and will not be subject to the transition procedures described in our business management agreement.

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Our operations, including any potential self-management transaction, could be subject to litigation which could cause us to suffer a financial loss and could adversely impact the ability of our Business Manager to manage our operations.

Our operations, including any self-management transaction, may be subject to litigation or regulatory investigations which may distract management’s attention and may cause us to incur substantial costs even if we are not liable or the investigation does not find problems or wrongdoing.

As an “emerging growth company,” we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain reporting and disclosure requirements, which may make our future public filings different than that of other public companies.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting and disclosure requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of: (1) December 31, 2020; (2) the last date of the fiscal year during which we had total annual gross revenues of $1 billion or more; (3) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt; or (4) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined under Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:

If we choose to take advantage of any or all of these provisions, the information that we provide our stockholders in our future public filings may be different than that of other public companies. The exact implications of the JOBS Act for us are still subject to interpretations and guidance by the SEC and other regulatory agencies. In addition, as our business grows, we may no longer satisfy the conditions of an emerging growth company. We continue to evaluate and monitor developments with respect to these rules and we cannot assure our stockholders that we will be able to take advantage of all of the benefits of the JOBS Act.

In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company may take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies. This means that an emerging growth company can delay adopting certain accounting standards until such standards are otherwise applicable to private companies. We have elected to opt out of this transition period, and will therefore comply with new or revised accounting standards on the applicable dates on which the adoption of these standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. This election is irrevocable.

Our stockholders’ return on investment in our common stock may be reduced if we are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.

The Company is not registered, and does not intend to register itself or any of its subsidiaries, as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).  If we become obligated to register the Company or any of its subsidiaries as an investment company, the registered entity would have to comply with regulation under the Investment Company Act with respect to capital structure (including the registered entity’s ability to use borrowings), management, operations, transactions with affiliated persons (as defined in the Investment Company Act) and portfolio composition, including disclosure requirements and restrictions with respect to diversification and industry concentration, and other matters.  Compliance with the Investment Company Act would limit our ability to make certain investments and require us to significantly restructure our operations and business plan.  The costs we would incur and the limitations that would be imposed on us as a result of such compliance and restructuring would negatively affect the value of our common stock, our ability to make distributions and the sustainability of our business and investment strategies.

The Company conducts its operations, directly and through wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries, so that none of the Company and its subsidiaries is registered or will be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.  Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act, in relevant part, defines an investment company as (i) any issuer that is, or holds itself out as

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being, engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities, or (ii) any issuer that is engaged, or proposes to engage, in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns, or proposes to acquire, “investment securities” having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the “40% test.”  The term “investment securities” generally includes all securities except government securities and securities of majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the exemption from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act.  We believe we are not considered an investment company under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act because we do not engage primarily or hold ourselves out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities.  Rather, we and our subsidiaries are primarily engaged in the business of investing in real property.  We also conduct our operations and the operations of our subsidiaries in a manner designed so that we do not come within the definition of an investment company under Section 3(a)(1)(C) because less than 40% of the value of our adjusted total assets on an unconsolidated basis consist of “investment securities.”  This requirement limits the types of businesses in which we may engage through our subsidiaries.  Furthermore, the assets we and our subsidiaries may originate or acquire are limited by the provisions of the Investment Company Act and the rules and regulations promulgated under the Investment Company Act, which may adversely affect our business.  

We and our subsidiaries also may rely upon the exemption from registration as an investment company pursuant to Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act, which is available for entities “primarily engaged” in the business of “purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate.”  As reflected in no-action letters, the SEC staff's position on Section 3(c)(5)(C) generally requires that at least 55% of an entity’s assets comprise qualifying real estate assets and that at least 80% of its assets must comprise qualifying real estate assets and real estate-related assets under the Investment Company Act.  Specifically, we expect each of our subsidiaries relying on Section 3(c)(5)(C) to invest at least 55% of its assets in mortgage loans, certain mezzanine loans and other interests in real estate that constitute qualifying real estate assets in accordance with SEC staff guidance, and approximately an additional 25% of its assets in other types of mortgages, securities of REITs and other real estate-related assets such as debt and equity securities of companies primarily engaged in real estate businesses and securities issued by pass-through entities of which substantially all of the assets consist of qualifying real estate assets and/or real estate-related assets.  The remaining 20% of the entity’s assets can consist of miscellaneous assets.  These criteria may limit what we buy, sell and hold.

We classify our assets for purposes of Section 3(c)(5)(C) based in large measure upon no-action letters issued by the SEC staff and other interpretive guidance provided by the SEC and its staff or on our analysis of such guidance published with respect to other types of assets to determine which assets are qualifying real estate assets and real estate-related assets.  However, the SEC’s guidance was issued in accordance with factual situations that may be substantially different from the factual situations we may encounter.  No assurance can be given that the SEC will concur with how we classify our assets or the assets of our subsidiaries.  The SEC may in the future take a view different than or contrary to our analysis with respect to the types of assets we have determined to be qualifying real estate assets or real estate-related assets.  For example, on August 31, 2011 the SEC issued a concept release and request for comments regarding the Section 3(c)(5)(C) exemption (Release No. IC-29778) in which it contemplated the possibility of issuing new rules or providing new interpretations of the exemption that might, among other things, define the phrase “liens on and other interests in real estate” or consider sources of income in determining a company’s “primary business.” To the extent that the SEC or its staff provides more specific or different guidance, we may be required to adjust our strategy accordingly. Any additional guidance from the SEC or its staff could provide additional flexibility to us, or it could further inhibit our ability to pursue the strategies we have chosen.  If we are required to re-classify our assets, we may no longer be in compliance with the exclusion from the definition of an “investment company” provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act.  There can be no assurance that the laws and regulations governing the Investment Company Act status of REITs, including the SEC or its staff providing more specific or different guidance regarding these exemptions, will not change in a manner that adversely affects our operations.

Certain of our subsidiaries may rely on the exemption provided by Section 3(c)(6) to the extent that they hold mortgage assets through majority-owned subsidiaries that rely on the exemption provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C).  The SEC staff has issued little interpretive guidance with respect to Section 3(c)(6) and any guidance published by the staff could require us to adjust our strategy accordingly.

A change in the value of any of our assets could cause us to fall within the definition of “investment company” and negatively affect our ability to be free from registration and regulation under the Investment Company Act.   To avoid being required to register the Company or any of its subsidiaries as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we may be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell and may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain.  Sales may be required during adverse market conditions, and we could be forced to accept a price below that which we would otherwise consider appropriate.  In addition, we may have to acquire additional income- or loss-generating assets that we might not otherwise have acquired or may have to forgo opportunities to acquire interests in companies that we would otherwise want to acquire and would be important to our investment strategy.  Furthermore, if the value of securities issued by our subsidiaries that are exempted from the definition of “investment company” by Sections 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act, together with any other investment securities we own, exceeds 40% of our adjusted total assets on an unconsolidated basis, or if one or more of such subsidiaries fail to maintain an

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exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act, we could, among other things, be required to substantially change the manner in which we conduct our operations to avoid being required to register as an investment company, effect sales of our assets in a manner that, or at a time when, we would not otherwise choose to do so or register as an investment company.  Any of these activities could negatively affect the value of our common stock, our ability to make distributions and the sustainability of our business and investment strategies, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If we were required to register the Company or any of its subsidiaries as an investment company but failed to do so, we or the applicable subsidiary would be prohibited from engaging in our or its business, and criminal and civil actions could be brought against us or the applicable subsidiary. In addition, our contracts would be unenforceable unless a court required enforcement, and a court could appoint a receiver to take control of us and liquidate our business.

 

The occurrence of cyber incidents, or a deficiency in our cybersecurity, could negatively impact our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information, and/or damage to our business relationships, all of which could negatively impact our financial results.

A cyber incident is considered to be any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information resources. More specifically, a cyber incident is an intentional attack or an unintentional event that can include gaining unauthorized access to systems to disrupt operations, corrupt data, or steal confidential information. As our reliance on technology has increased, so have the risks posed to our systems, both internal and those we have outsourced. Our three primary risks that could directly result from the occurrence of a cyber incident include operational interruption, damage to our relationship with our tenants, and private data exposure. We have implemented processes, procedures and controls to help mitigate these risks, but these measures, as well as our increased awareness of a risk of a cyber incident, do not guarantee that our financial results will not be negatively impacted by such an incident.

A failure of our information technology (IT) infrastructure could adversely impact our business and operations.

We rely upon the capacity, reliability and security of our information technology infrastructure and our ability to expand and continually update this infrastructure in response to the changing needs of our business. If there are technological impediments, unforeseen complications, errors or breakdowns in implementing necessary upgrades to our IT infrastructure, the disruptions could have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate

There are inherent risks with real estate investments.

Investments in real estate assets are subject to varying degrees of risk. For example, an investment in real estate cannot generally be quickly sold, limiting our ability to promptly vary our portfolio in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions. Investments in real estate assets also are subject to adverse changes in general economic conditions which, for example, reduce the demand for rental of multi-family units.

Among the factors that could impact our real estate assets and the value of an investment in us are:

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In addition, periods of economic slowdown or recession, or declining demand for real estate, or the public perception that any of these events may occur, could result in a general decline in rents or increased defaults under existing leases.

Economic conditions may adversely affect our income and we could be subject to risks associated with acquiring discounted real estate assets.

U.S. and international financial markets have been volatile, particularly over the last several years. The effects of this volatility may persist particularly as financial institutions continue to restructure their business and capital structures in response to new, or enhanced, regulation requirements, all of which could impact the availability of credit and overall economic activity as a whole.

In addition, we are subject to the risks generally incident to the ownership of real estate assets. For example, even though we may purchase assets at a discount from historical cost or market value due to, among other things, substantial deferred maintenance, abandonment, undesirable location or market, or poorly structured financing of the real estate or debt instruments underlying the assets, there is no assurance that we will be able to overcome these factors. All of these factors could further decrease the value of real estate assets.

Further, the fluctuation in market conditions makes judging the future performance of these assets difficult. The real estate assets we acquire may substantially decline in value, which would, among other things, negatively impact our ability to finance or refinance debt secured by these assets or earn positive returns on these assets, and may require us to write down or impair the value of these assets, which would have a negative impact on our results of operations and ability to pay or sustain distributions.

We may be unable to renew leases as leases expire.

We may not be able to lease multi-family units which are vacant or become vacant because a tenant decides not to renew its lease. Even if a tenant renews its lease or we enter into a lease with a new tenant, the terms of the new lease may be less favorable than the terms of the old lease. If we are unable to promptly renew or enter into new leases, or if the rental rates are lower than expected, our results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected. Our occupancy levels and lease terms may be adversely affected by national and local economic and market conditions including, without limitation, new construction and excess inventory of multi-family and single family housing, rental housing subsidized by the government, other government programs that favor single family rental housing or owner occupied housing over multi-family rental housing, governmental regulations, slow or negative employment growth and household formation, the availability of low interest mortgages for single family home buyers, changes in social preferences and the potential for geopolitical instability, all of which are beyond our control. In addition, various state and local municipalities are considering and may continue to consider rent control legislation or take other actions which could limit our ability to raise rents. Finally, the federal government’s policies, many of which may encourage home ownership, can increase competition and possibly limit our ability to raise rents. One of our properties also contains retail space. The long term nature of the leases for this type of space and the characteristics of retail tenants likely to inhabit the space (generally small, local businesses) may subject us to certain risks. We may not be able to lease new space for rents that are consistent with our projections or for market rates. We also may not be able to re-lease or the terms of the new lease, including the cost of allowances and concessions to tenants, may be less favorable than the terms of the old lease. Any retail space in our properties will also compete with other retail properties. The presence of competitive alternatives may affect our ability to lease space and the level of rents we can obtain. If our retail tenants experience financial distress or bankruptcy, they may fail to comply with their contractual obligations, seek concessions in order to continue operations or cease their operations.

Impact of climate change

To the extent that climate change does occur, we may experience extreme weather and changes in precipitation and temperature, all of which may result in physical damage or a decrease in demand for properties located in these areas or affected by these conditions. Should the impact of climate change be material in nature, including destruction of our properties, or occur for lengthy periods of time, our financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected. Any increases in the expenses we incur to repair or rebuild our properties would reduce our cash flow and ability to pay distributions.

In addition, changes in federal and state legislation and regulation on climate change could result in increased capital expenditures to improve the energy efficiency of our properties without a corresponding increase in revenue. Any increases in the expenses we incur to own and maintain our properties would reduce our cash flow and ability to pay distributions.

Our real estate assets may be subject to impairment charges.

We continually evaluate the recoverability of the carrying value of our real estate asset under U.S. GAAP. Factors considered in evaluating impairment of our multi-family assets held for investment include significant declines in property operating profits,

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recurring property operating losses and other significant adverse changes in general market conditions that are considered permanent in nature. Generally, a multi-family asset held for investment is not considered impaired if the undiscounted, estimated future cash flows of the asset over its estimated holding period are in excess of the asset’s net book value at the balance sheet date. Assumptions used to estimate annual and residual cash flow and the estimated holding period of the assets require the judgment of management. However, these estimates require the use of estimated market values, which are currently difficult to assess. If external or internal circumstances change requiring the need to shorten the holding periods or adjust the estimated future cash flows of certain of our assets, we could be required to record additional impairment charges. Any future impairment could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition in the period in which the charge is taken. We may be required to take charges in the future related to the impairment of our assets.

Increased competition and increased affordability of residential homes could limit our ability to retain tenants, lease multi-family homes or increase or maintain rents.

The multi-family sector is highly competitive. This competition could reduce occupancy levels and revenues at our multi-family communities, which would adversely affect our operations. We face competition from many sources. We face competition from other multi-family communities both in the immediate vicinity and in the larger geographic market where our multi-family communities are located. These competitors may have greater experience and financial resources than us giving them an advantage in attracting tenants to their properties. For example, our competitors may be willing to offer multi-family homes at rental rates below our rates, causing us to lose existing or potential tenants and pressuring us to reduce our rental rates to retain existing tenants or convince new tenants to lease space at our property. Overbuilding of multi-family communities may also occur. If so, this will increase the number of multi-family homes available and may decrease occupancy and multi-family rental rates. In addition, increases in operating costs due to inflation may not be offset by increased multi-family rental rates. Furthermore, multi-family communities we acquire most likely compete, or will compete, with numerous housing alternatives in attracting tenants, including owner occupied single- and multi-family homes available to rent or purchase. Competitive housing in a particular area and the increasing affordability of owner occupied single and multi-family homes available to rent or buy caused by low mortgage interest rates and government programs to promote home ownership could adversely affect our ability to retain our tenants, lease multi-family homes and increase or maintain rental rates.

We could be negatively impacted by the condition of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac and by changes in government support for multi-family housing.

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are a major source of financing for multi-family real estate in the United States. In the future, we may utilize loan programs sponsored by these entities as a source of capital to finance our growth and our operations. In September 2008, the U.S. government assumed control of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and placed both companies into a government conservatorship under the Federal Housing Finance Agency. In December 2009, the U.S. Treasury increased its financial support for these conservatorships. In February 2011, the Obama administration released its blueprint for winding down Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and for reforming the system of housing finance. Since that time, members of Congress have introduced and Congressional committees have considered a substantial number of bills that include comprehensive or incremental approaches to winding down Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac or changing their purposes, businesses, or operations. A decision by the U.S. government to eliminate or downscale Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac or to reduce government support for multi-family housing more generally may adversely affect interest rates, capital availability, development of multi-family communities and the value of multi-family assets and, as a result, may adversely affect our future growth and operations.

Our multi-family assets may not achieve anticipated results.

Our multi-family properties may not achieve anticipated results because:

Costs associated with moisture infiltration and resulting mold remediation may be costly.

As a general matter, concern about indoor exposure to mold has been increasing as such exposure has been alleged to have a variety of adverse effects on health. As a result, there have been a number of lawsuits against owners and managers of multi-family properties relating to moisture infiltration and resulting mold. Mold growth may be attributed to the use of exterior insulation finishing systems. The terms of our property and general liability policies will generally exclude certain mold-related claims. In this case, we would be required to use our funds to resolve the issue, including litigation costs. Liabilities resulting from moisture infiltration and the presence of or exposure to mold will have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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We may experience increased costs to own and maintain our properties.

We may experience increased costs associated with capital improvements and routine property maintenance, such as repairs to the foundation, exterior walls, and rooftops of our properties. Any increases in the expenses we incur to own and maintain our properties would reduce our cash flow and ability to pay distributions.

We depend on tenants for our revenue, and therefore, our revenue and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders is dependent upon the ability of the tenants of our properties to generate enough income to pay their rents in a timely manner. A substantial number of non-renewals, terminations or lease defaults could reduce our net income and limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

The underlying value of our properties and the ability to make distributions to our stockholders depend upon the ability of the tenants of our properties to generate enough income to pay their rents in a timely manner, and the success of our investments depends upon the occupancy levels, rental income and operating expenses of our properties and our Company. Tenants’ inability to timely pay their rents may be impacted by employment and other constraints on their personal finances, including debts, purchases and other factors. These and other changes beyond our control may adversely affect our tenants’ ability to make rental payments. In the event of a resident default or bankruptcy, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur costs in protecting our investment and re-leasing the affected units. We may be unable to re-lease the affected units for the rent previously received. We may be unable to sell a property with low occupancy without incurring a loss. These events and others could cause us to reduce the amount of distributions we make to stockholders and the value of our stockholders’ investment to decline.

Acquiring or attempting to acquire multiple properties in a single transaction may adversely affect our operations.

To the extent we make acquisitions, we may do so by acquiring multiple properties in a single transaction. Portfolio acquisitions typically are more complex and expensive than single-property acquisitions, and the risk that a multiple-property acquisition does not close may be greater than in a single-property acquisition. Portfolio acquisitions may also result in us owning investments in geographically dispersed markets, placing additional demands on our Business Manager and Real Estate Manager in managing the properties in the portfolio. In addition, a seller may require that a group of properties be purchased as a package even though we may not want to purchase one or more properties in the portfolio. In these situations, if we are unable to identify another person or entity to acquire the unwanted properties, we may be required to operate or attempt to dispose of these properties. We also may be required to accumulate a large amount of cash to fund such acquisitions. We would expect the returns that we earn on such cash to be less than the returns on investments in real property. Therefore, acquiring multiple properties in a single transaction may reduce the overall yield on our portfolio.

We may be unable to sell assets if or when we decide to do so.

Qualifying as a REIT and avoiding registration under the Investment Company Act as well as many other factors, such as general economic conditions, the availability of financing, interest rates and the supply and demand for the particular asset type, may limit our ability to sell real estate assets. These factors are beyond our control. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any real estate asset on favorable terms and conditions, if at all, or the length of time needed to sell an asset.

Operating expenses may increase in the future and to the extent these increases cannot be passed on to our tenants in the form of rent increases, our cash flow and our operating results would decrease.

Operating expenses, such as expenses for fuel, utilities, labor, building materials and insurance, are not fixed and may increase in the future. Any increases would cause our cash flow and our operating results to decrease, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to pay or sustain distributions.

We depend on the availability of public utilities and services, especially for water and electric power. Any reduction, interruption or cancellation of these services may adversely affect us.

Public utilities, especially those that provide water and electric power, are fundamental for the operation of our assets. The delayed delivery or any material reduction or prolonged interruption of these services could allow certain tenants to terminate their leases or result in an increase in our costs, as we may be forced to use backup generators, which also could be insufficient to fully operate our facilities and could result in our inability to provide services. Accordingly, any interruption or limitation in the provision of these essential services may adversely affect us.

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An increase in real estate taxes may decrease our income from properties.

Some local real property tax assessors may seek to reassess some of our properties as a result of our acquisition of the property. Generally, from time to time our property taxes will increase as property values or assessment rates change or for other reasons deemed relevant by the assessors. In fact, property taxes may increase even if the value of the underlying property declines. An increase in the assessed valuation of a property for real estate tax purposes will result in an increase in the related real estate taxes on that property. Such increases will adversely affect our cash flow from operations and our ability to pay distributions.

If we contract with a development company for a newly developed property, our earnest money deposit made to the development company may not be fully refunded.

We may enter into one or more contracts, either directly or indirectly through joint ventures with third parties, to acquire real property from a development company that is engaged in construction and development of commercial real estate. We may be required to pay a substantial earnest money deposit at the time of contracting with a development entity. At the time of contracting and the payment of the earnest money deposit by us, the development company typically will have only a contract to acquire land and a development agreement to develop a building on the land. If the development company fails to develop the property, we may not be able to obtain a refund of our earnest money deposit.

We may obtain only limited warranties when we purchase a property and would have only limited recourse in the event our due diligence did not identify any issues that lower the value of our property.

The seller of a property often sells the property in its “as is” condition on a “where is” basis and “with all faults,” without any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. In addition, purchase agreements may contain only limited warranties, representations and indemnifications that will only survive for a limited period after the closing. The purchase of properties with limited warranties increases the risk that we may lose some or all of our invested capital in the property, as well as the loss of rental income from that property.

Uninsured losses or premiums for insurance coverage may adversely affect our returns.

The nature of the activities at certain properties may expose us and our tenants or operators to potential liability for personal injuries and, in certain instances, property damage claims. In addition, there are types of losses, generally catastrophic in nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution or environmental matters that are uninsurable or not economically insurable, or that may be insured subject to limitations, such as large deductibles or co-payments. Insurance risks associated with potential terrorist acts could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims. These policies may or may not be available at a reasonable cost, if at all, which could inhibit our ability to finance or refinance our properties. In such instances, we may be required to provide other financial support, either through financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. We cannot provide any assurance that we will have adequate coverage for these losses. In the event that any of our properties incurs a casualty loss that is not fully covered by insurance, the value of the particular asset will likely be reduced by the uninsured loss. In addition, we cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to fund any uninsured losses.

The costs of complying with environmental laws and other governmental laws and regulations may adversely affect us.

All real property and the operations conducted on real property are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and human health and safety. These laws and regulations generally govern wastewater discharges, air emissions, the operation and removal of underground and above-ground storage tanks, the use, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous materials, and the remediation of contamination associated with disposals. We also are required to comply with various local, state and federal fire, health, life-safety and similar regulations. Some of these laws and regulations may impose joint and several liability on owners or operators for the costs of investigating or remediating contaminated properties. These laws and regulations often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of the hazardous or toxic substances. The cost of removing or remediating could be substantial. In addition, the presence of these substances, or the failure to properly remediate these substances, may adversely affect our ability to sell or rent a property or to use the property as collateral for borrowing.

Environmental laws and regulations also may impose restrictions on the manner in which property may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures by us. Environmental laws and regulations provide for sanctions in the event of noncompliance and may be enforced by governmental agencies or, in certain circumstances, by private parties. Third parties may seek recovery from owners or operators of real properties for personal injury or property damage associated with exposure to released hazardous substances. Compliance with new or more stringent laws or regulations or stricter interpretations of existing laws may require material expenditures by us. For example, various federal, regional and state laws and regulations have been

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implemented or are under consideration to mitigate the effects of climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Among other things, “green” building codes may seek to reduce emissions through the imposition of standards for design, construction materials, water and energy usage and efficiency, and waste management. These requirements could increase the costs of maintaining or improving our existing properties or developing new properties.

We may acquire properties in regions that are particularly susceptible to natural disasters.

We may acquire properties located in geographical areas that are regularly impacted by severe storms, such as hurricanes or tornados, or other natural disasters such as flooding or earthquakes. In addition, global climate change could result in heightened severe weather, thus further impacting these geographical areas. Natural disasters in these areas may cause damage to our properties beyond the scope of our insurance coverage, thus requiring us to make substantial expenditures to repair these properties and resulting in a loss of revenues from these properties. Any properties located near either coast may be exposed to more severe weather than properties located inland. Elements such as salt water and humidity in these areas can increase or accelerate wear on the properties’ weatherproofing and mechanical, electrical and other systems, and cause mold issues over time. As a result, we may incur additional operating costs and expenditures for capital improvements at properties that we acquire in these areas.

We may incur significant costs to comply with the Americans With Disabilities Act or similar laws.

Our properties are subject to the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, which we refer to as the Disabilities Act. Under the Disabilities Act, all places of public accommodation are required to comply with federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. The Disabilities Act has separate compliance requirements for “public accommodations” and “commercial facilities” that generally require that buildings and services be made accessible and available to people with disabilities.

The requirements of the Disabilities Act or the Fair Housing Amendments Act, or FHAA, could require removal of access barriers and could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, monetary penalties or, in some cases, an award of damages. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to acquire properties that comply with the Disabilities Act and the FHAA or that we will be able to place the burden on the seller or other third party to ensure compliance with these laws. We may incur significant costs to comply with these laws.

Terrorist attacks and other acts of violence or war may affect the markets in which we operate, our operations and our profitability.

We may acquire properties located in areas that are susceptible to attack. These attacks may directly impact the value of our assets through damage, destruction, loss or increased security costs. Although we may obtain terrorism insurance, we may not be able to obtain sufficient coverage to fund any losses we may incur. Risks associated with potential acts of terrorism could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims. Further, certain losses resulting from these types of events are uninsurable or not insurable at reasonable costs.

More generally, any terrorist attack, other act of violence or war, including armed conflicts, could result in increased volatility in, or damage to, the United States and worldwide financial markets and economy.

Risks Associated with Debt Financing

Volatility in the financial markets and challenging economic conditions could adversely affect our ability to secure debt financing on attractive terms and our ability to service any future indebtedness that we may incur.

If the overall cost of borrowing increases, either by increases in the index rates or by increases in lender spreads, the increased costs may result in existing or future acquisitions generating lower overall economic returns and potentially reducing future cash flow available for distribution. Disruptions in the debt markets negatively impact our ability to borrow monies to finance the purchase of, or other activities related to, real estate assets. If we are unable to borrow monies on terms and conditions that we find acceptable, we likely will have to reduce the number of properties we can purchase, and the return on the properties we do purchase may be lower. In addition, we may find it difficult, costly or impossible to refinance indebtedness which is maturing.

Further, economic conditions could negatively impact commercial real estate fundamentals and result in lower occupancy, lower rental rates and declining values in our real estate portfolio and in the collateral securing any loan investments we may make, which could have various negative impacts. Specifically, the value of collateral securing any loan investment we may make could decrease below the outstanding principal amounts of such loans, requiring us to pledge more collateral.

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Borrowings may reduce the funds available for distribution and increase the risk of loss since defaults may cause us to lose the properties securing the loans.

We have acquired properties by borrowing monies and, in some instances, we may acquire properties by assuming existing financing. We may also borrow money for other purposes to, among other things, satisfy the requirement that we make aggregate annual distributions (other than capital gain dividends) to our stockholders of at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain. We also may borrow if we otherwise deem it necessary or advisable to assure that we continue to qualify as a REIT. Over the long term, however, payments required on any amounts we borrow reduce the funds available for, among other things, acquisitions, capital expenditures for existing properties or distributions to our stockholders because cash otherwise available for these purposes is used to pay principal and interest on this debt.

If there is a shortfall between the cash flow from a property and the cash flow needed to service mortgage debt secured by a property, then the amount of cash flow from operations available for distributions to stockholders may be reduced. In addition, incurring mortgage debt increases the risk of loss since defaults on indebtedness secured by a property may result in lenders initiating foreclosure actions. In such a case, we could lose the property securing the loan that is in default, thus reducing the value of our stockholders’ investment. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a foreclosure is treated as a sale of the property or properties for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the property or properties. If the outstanding balance of the debt exceeds our tax basis in the property or properties, we would recognize taxable gain on the foreclosure but would not receive any cash proceeds. We also may fully or partially guarantee any monies that subsidiaries borrow to purchase or operate properties. In these cases, we will likely be responsible to the lender for repaying the loans if the subsidiary is unable to do so. If any mortgage contains cross-collateralization or cross-default provisions, more than one property may be affected by a default.

If we are unable to borrow at favorable rates, we may not be able to acquire new properties.

If we are unable to borrow money at favorable rates, we may be unable to acquire additional real estate assets or refinance existing loans at maturity. Further, we may enter into loan agreements or other credit arrangements that require us to pay interest on amounts we borrow at variable or “adjustable” rates. Increases in interest rates will increase our interest costs. If interest rates are higher when we refinance our loans, our expenses will increase and we may not be able to pass on this added cost in the form of increased rents, thereby reducing our cash flow and the amount available for distribution to our stockholders. Further, during periods of rising interest rates, we may be forced to sell one or more of our properties in order to repay existing loans, which may not permit us to maximize the return on the particular properties being sold.

Interest-only indebtedness may increase our risk of default and ultimately may reduce our funds available for distribution to our stockholders.

We have obtained, and may continue to enter into, mortgage indebtedness that does not require us to pay principal for all or a portion of the life of the debt instrument. During the period when no principal payments are required, the amount of each scheduled payment is less than that of a traditional amortizing mortgage loan. The principal balance of the mortgage loan is not reduced (except in the case of prepayments) because there are no scheduled monthly payments of principal required during this period. After the interest-only period, we may be required either to make scheduled payments of principal and interest or to make a lump-sum or “balloon” payment at or prior to maturity. These required principal or balloon payments will increase the amount of our scheduled payments and may increase our risk of default under the related mortgage loan if we do not have funds available or are unable to refinance the obligation.

Our loan documents may restrict certain aspects of our operations which could, among other things, limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

The terms and conditions contained in any of our loan documents may require us to maintain cash reserves, limit the aggregate amount we may borrow on a secured and unsecured basis, require us to satisfy restrictive financial covenants, prevent us from entering into certain business transactions, such as a merger, sale of assets or other business combination, restrict our leasing operations or require us to obtain consent from the lender to complete transactions or make investments that are ordinarily approved only by our board of directors. In addition, secured lenders may restrict our ability to discontinue insurance coverage on a mortgaged property even though we may believe that the insurance premiums paid to insure against certain losses, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution or environmental matters, are greater than the potential risk of loss.

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We may acquire or finance properties with lock-out provisions, which may prohibit us from selling a property, or may require us to maintain specified debt levels for a period of years on some properties.

The terms of any loan that we may enter into may preclude us from pre-paying the principal amount of the loan, which could restrict us from selling or otherwise disposing of or refinancing properties. For example, lock-out provisions may, for a specified period of time, prohibit us from reducing the outstanding indebtedness secured by any of our properties, refinancing this indebtedness, or increasing the amount of indebtedness secured by our properties. Lock-out provisions could impair our ability to take other actions during the lock-out period.

In particular, lock-out provisions could preclude us from participating in major transactions that could result in a disposition of our assets or a change in control even though that disposition or change in control might be in the best interests of our stockholders.

To hedge against interest rate fluctuations, we may use derivative financial instruments that may be costly and ineffective.

From time to time, we may use derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates on loans secured by our assets. Derivative instruments may include interest rate swap contracts, interest rate cap or floor contracts, futures or forward contracts, options or repurchase agreements. Our actual hedging decisions will be determined in light of the facts and circumstances existing at the time of the hedge and may differ from our currently anticipated hedging strategy. There is no assurance that our hedging strategy will achieve our objectives. We may be subject to costs, such as transaction fees or breakage costs, if we terminate these arrangements.

To the extent that we use derivative financial instruments to hedge against interest rate fluctuations, we will be exposed to credit risk, basis risk and legal enforceability risks. In this context, credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. If the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes us, which creates credit risk for us. Basis risk occurs when the index upon which the contract is based is more or less variable than the index upon which the hedged asset or liability is based, thereby making the hedge less effective. Finally, legal enforceability risks encompass general contractual risks including the risk that the counterparty will breach the terms of, or fail to perform its obligations under, the derivative contract, increasing the risk that we may not realize the benefits of these instruments. As a result of the global credit crisis, there is a risk that counterparties could fail, shut down, file for bankruptcy or be unable to pay out contracts. The failure of a counterparty that holds collateral that we post in connection with an interest rate swap agreement could result in the loss of that collateral.

We may be contractually obligated to purchase property even if we are unable to secure financing for the acquisition.

We expect to finance a portion of the purchase price for each property that we acquire. However, to ensure that our offers are as competitive as possible, we do not expect to enter into contracts to purchase properties that include financing contingencies. Thus, we may be contractually obligated to purchase properties even if we are unable to secure financing for the acquisitions. In this event, we may choose to close on the properties by using cash on hand, which would result in less cash available for our operations and distributions to stockholders. Alternatively, we may choose not to close on the acquisition of the property and default on the purchase contract. If we default on any purchase contract, we could lose our earnest money and become subject to liquidated or other contractual damages and remedies.

The total amount we may borrow is limited by our charter.

Our charter generally limits the total amount we may borrow to 300% of our net assets, equivalent to 75% of the cost of our assets, unless our board of directors (including a majority of our independent directors) determines that a higher level is appropriate and the excess in borrowing is disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report along with the justification for the excess. This limit could adversely affect our business, including:

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Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest

IREIC may face a conflict of interest in allocating personnel and resources among its affiliates, our Business Manager and our Real Estate Manager.

We do not have any employees and rely on persons performing services for our Business Manager and Real Estate Manager and their affiliates to manage our day-to-day operations. Some of these persons also provide services to one or more investment programs currently sponsored by IREIC. These individuals face competing demands for their time and service, and are required to allocate their time among our business and assets and the business and assets of IREIC, its affiliates and the other programs formed and organized by IREIC. Certain of these individuals have fiduciary duties to both us and our stockholders. If these persons are unable to devote sufficient time or resources to our business due to the competing demands of the other programs, they may violate their fiduciary duties to us and our stockholders, which could harm the implementation of our investment strategy. If we do not successfully implement our investment strategy, we may be unable to maintain or increase the value of our assets, and our operating cash flows and ability to pay distributions could be adversely affected.

In addition, if another investment program sponsored by IREIC decides to become self-managed in the future, it may do so by hiring and retaining certain of the persons currently performing services for our Business Manager and Real Estate Manager, and, if it did so, would likely not allow these persons to perform services for us.

We do not have arm’s-length agreements with our Business Manager, our Real Estate Manager or any other affiliates of IREIC.

The agreements and arrangements with our Business Manager, our Real Estate Manager and any other affiliates of IREIC were not negotiated at arm’s-length. These agreements may contain terms and conditions that are not in our best interest or would not be present if we entered into arm’s-length agreements with third parties.

The Business Manager and the Real Estate Manager and other affiliates of IREIC face conflicts of interest caused by compensation or other arrangements with us, which could result in actions that are not in the long-term best interests of our stockholders.

We pay fees to the Business Manager and the Real Estate Manager and other affiliates of IREIC for services provided to us. Depending on the size of our portfolio and the revenues generated by the properties, these fees could be significant. For example, our Business Manager receives fees based on the aggregate book value, including acquired intangibles, of our invested assets. The special limited partner, a wholly owned subsidiary of IREIC, may realize incentive compensation from its interest in the operating partnership. Further, our Real Estate Manager receives fees based on the gross income from properties under management. Other parties related to, or affiliated with, our Business Manager or Real Estate Manager, including our dealer manager, may also receive fees or cost reimbursements from us. These compensation or other arrangements may cause these entities to take or not take certain actions. For example, these arrangements may provide an incentive for our Business Manager to: (1) borrow more money than prudent to increase the amount we can invest; or (2) sell or not sell assets, or engage or not engage in other transactions such as a merger or listing even if we would be better served by pursuing or not pursuing these options.

The partnership agreement of our operating partnership requires us to pay a performance-based termination distribution to the special limited partner or its designees if we terminate the business management agreement prior to the listing of our shares for trading on an exchange or, absent such listing, in respect of its participation in net sales proceeds. Our independent directors must consider the payment of this fee when deciding whether it would be in our best interest to list our shares or dispose of our investments. In addition, the requirement to pay the distribution could cause us to make different investment or disposition decisions than we would otherwise make, in order to satisfy our obligation to pay the distribution to the special limited partner. Moreover, our Business Manager has the right to terminate the business management agreement for “managerial cause,” as defined in the business management agreement, and thereby trigger the payment of the termination distribution to the special limited partner, which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing the change of control.

Because we conduct all of our operations through the operating partnership, we depend on it and its subsidiaries for cash flow and we are structurally subordinated in right of payment to the obligations of the operating partnership and its subsidiaries, which could adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

Because we conduct all of our operations through the operating partnership, we derive cash to pay distributions from the operating partnership and its subsidiaries. We cannot assure our stockholders that the operating partnership or its subsidiaries will be able to, or be permitted to, make distributions to us that will enable us to make distributions to our stockholders. Each of the operating partnership’s subsidiaries is and will be a distinct legal entity and, under certain circumstances, legal and contractual restrictions may limit our ability to obtain cash from such entities. Any claim our stockholders may have against us is structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and obligations of the operating partnership and its subsidiaries. Therefore, in the event of our

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bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization, our assets and those of the operating partnership and its subsidiaries will be able to satisfy our stockholders’ claims only after all of our and the operating partnership’s and its subsidiaries’ liabilities and obligations have been paid in full.

We rely on entities affiliated with IREIC to identify real estate assets.

We rely on the real estate professionals employed by IREA and other affiliates of our Sponsor to source potential investments in properties, real estate-related assets and other investments in which we may be interested. Our Sponsor and its affiliates maintain an investment committee (“Investment Committee”) that reviews each potential investment and determines whether an investment is acceptable for acquisition. In determining whether an investment is suitable, the Investment Committee considers investment objectives, portfolio and criteria of all programs currently advised by our Sponsor or its affiliates (collectively referred to as the “Programs”). Other factors considered by the Investment Committee may include cash flow, the effect of the acquisition on portfolio diversification, the estimated income or unrelated business tax effects of the purchase, policies relating to leverage, regulatory restrictions and the capital available for investment. Our Business Manager will not recommend any investments for us unless the investment is approved for consideration in advance by the Investment Committee. Once an investment has been approved for consideration by the Investment Committee, the Programs are advised and provided an opportunity to elect to acquire the investment. If more than one Program is interested in acquiring an investment, then the Program that has had the longest period of time elapse since it was allocated and invested in a contested investment is awarded the investment by the allocation committee. We may not, therefore, be able to acquire properties that we otherwise would be interested in acquiring.

Our properties may compete with the properties owned by other programs sponsored by IREIC or IPCC.

Certain programs sponsored by IREIC or Inland Private Capital Corporation (“IPCC”) own and manage multi-family properties. Therefore, our properties, especially those located in the same geographical area, may compete for tenants or purchasers with other properties owned and managed by other IREIC or IPCC-sponsored programs. Persons performing services for our Real Estate Manager may face conflicts of interest when evaluating tenant leasing opportunities for our properties and other properties owned and managed by IREIC or IPCC-sponsored programs, and these conflicts of interest may have an adverse impact on our ability to attract and retain tenants. In addition, a conflict could arise in connection with the resale of properties in the event that we and another IREIC or IPCC-sponsored program were to attempt to sell similar properties at the same time, including in particular in the event another IREIC or IPCC-sponsored program engages in a liquidity event at approximately the same time as us, thus impacting our ability to sell the properties or complete a proposed liquidity event.

Inland Securities, the dealer manager of our Offering, is an affiliate of IREIC.

Inland Securities Corporation (“Inland Securities”), the dealer manager of our Offering, is an affiliate of IREIC and is not, therefore, independent. Thus, the agreement with Inland Securities, including fees and expenses payable thereunder, was not negotiated at arm’s-length.

Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure

Our rights, and the rights of our stockholders, to recover claims against our officers, directors, Business Manager and Real Estate Manager are limited.

Under our charter, no director or officer will be liable to us or to any stockholder for money damages to the extent that Maryland law and our charter permits the limitation of the liability of directors and officers of a corporation, and we must generally indemnify and advance expenses to our directors, officers, and employees, the Business Manager, the Real Estate Manager and their respective affiliates. However, we may not indemnify any of them for any losses or liabilities suffered by any of them or hold any of them harmless for any losses or liabilities suffered by us unless: (1) these persons or entities have determined in good faith that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in our best interest; (2) these persons or entities were acting on our behalf or performing services for us; (3) the loss or liability was not the result of the negligence or misconduct of the directors (gross negligence or willful misconduct of the independent directors), officers, employees, Business Manager or Real Estate Manager or their respective affiliates; and (4) the indemnity or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of our net assets and not from our stockholders. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors, officers and employees, our Business Manager, the Real Estate Manager and their respective affiliates, than might otherwise exist under common law. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our directors, officers and employees or our Business Manager and the Real Estate Manager and their respective affiliates in some cases.

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Our board of directors may, in the future, adopt certain measures under Maryland law without stockholder approval that may have the effect of making it less likely that a stockholder would receive a “control premium” for his or her shares.

Corporations organized under Maryland law with a class of registered securities and at least three independent directors are permitted to protect themselves from unsolicited proposals or offers to acquire the company by electing to be subject, by a charter or bylaw provision or a board of directors resolution and notwithstanding any contrary charter or bylaw provision, to any or all of five provisions:

These provisions may discourage an extraordinary transaction, such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets, all of which might provide a premium price for stockholders’ shares. Our charter does not prohibit our board from opting into any of the above provisions.

Further, under the Maryland Business Combination Act, we may not engage in any merger or other business combination with an “interested stockholder” or any affiliate of that interested stockholder for a period of five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder became an interested stockholder. After the five-year period ends, any merger or other business combination with the interested stockholder or any affiliate of the interested stockholder must be recommended by our board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:

Our directors have adopted a resolution exempting any business combination involving us and The Inland Group or any affiliate of The Inland Group, including our Business Manager and Real Estate Manager, from the provisions of this law.

Our charter places limits on the amount of common stock that any person may own without the prior approval of our board of directors.

No more than 50% of the outstanding shares of our common stock may be beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals at any time during the last half of each taxable year (other than the first taxable year for which an election to be taxed as a REIT has been made). Our charter prohibits any persons or groups from owning or controlling more than 9.8% in value of our outstanding stock, or 9.8% in value or in number (whichever is more restrictive) of our aggregate outstanding shares of common stock, without the prior approval of our board of directors. These provisions may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock. Further, any person or group attempting to purchase shares exceeding these limits could be compelled to sell the additional shares and, as a result, to forfeit the benefits of owning the additional shares.

Our charter permits our board of directors to issue preferred stock on terms that may subordinate the rights of the holders of our current common stock or discourage a third party from acquiring us.

Our board of directors is permitted, subject to certain restrictions set forth in our charter, to issue up to 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock without stockholder approval. Further, our board may classify or reclassify any unissued shares of common or preferred stock into other classes or series of stock and establish the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications, and terms or conditions of redemption of the stock and may amend our charter

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from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares or the number of shares of any class or series that we have authority to issue without stockholder approval. Thus, our board of directors could authorize us to issue shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions that could subordinate the rights of the holders of our common stock or have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets, that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock.

Maryland law limits, in some cases, the ability of a third party to vote shares acquired in a “control share acquisition.”

The Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act provides that “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights except to the extent approved by stockholders by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares of stock owned by the acquirer, by officers or by employees who are directors of the corporation, are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter. “Control shares” are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer can exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within specified ranges of voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares. The control share acquisition statute does not apply: (1) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the Maryland corporation is a party to the transaction; or (2) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the Maryland corporation. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Control Share Acquisition Act any and all acquisitions of our stock by any person. There can be no assurance that this provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Risks

Our failure to remain qualified as a REIT would subject us to U.S. federal income tax and state and local income tax, and would adversely affect our operations and the value of our common stock.

We elected to be taxed as a REIT commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2015 and intend to continue to operate in a manner that would allow us to remain qualified as a REIT. However, we may terminate our REIT qualification, if our board of directors determines that not qualifying as a REIT is in our best interests. Our qualification as a REIT depends upon our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. The REIT qualification requirements are extremely complex and interpretation of the U.S. federal income tax laws governing qualification as a REIT is limited. Furthermore, any opinion of our counsel, including tax counsel, as to our eligibility to remain qualified as a REIT is not binding on the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and is not a guarantee that we will continue to qualify as a REIT. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will be successful in operating so we can remain qualified as a REIT. Our ability to satisfy the asset tests depends on our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination, and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals. Our compliance with the REIT income or quarterly asset requirements also depends on our ability to successfully manage the composition of our income and assets on an ongoing basis. Accordingly, if certain of our operations were to be recharacterized by the IRS, such recharacterization would jeopardize our ability to satisfy all requirements for qualification as a REIT. Furthermore, future legislative, judicial or administrative changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws could be applied retroactively, which could result in our disqualification as a REIT.

If we fail to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year, and we do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at the corporate rate. In addition, we would generally be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year of losing our REIT qualification. Losing our REIT qualification would reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the additional tax liability. In addition, distributions to stockholders would no longer qualify for the dividends paid deduction, and we would no longer be required to make distributions. If this occurs, we might be required to borrow funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable tax.

Even if we maintain our status for tax purposes as a REIT, in certain circumstances, we may incur tax liabilities that would reduce our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

Even if we maintain our status as a REIT, we may be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes. For example, net income from the sale of properties that are “dealer” properties sold by a REIT (a “prohibited transaction” under the Internal Revenue Code) will be subject to a 100% tax. We may not make sufficient distributions to avoid excise taxes applicable to REITs. We also may decide to retain net capital gain we earn from the sale or other disposition of our property and pay U.S. federal income tax directly on such income. In that event, our stockholders would be treated as if they earned that income and paid the tax on it directly. However, stockholders that are tax-exempt, such as charities or qualified pension plans, would have no benefit from their deemed payment of such tax liability unless they file U.S. federal income tax returns and thereon seek a refund of such tax. We also will be subject to corporate tax on any undistributed taxable income. We also may be subject to state and local taxes on our income, property or net

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worth, including franchise, payroll and transfer taxes, either directly or at the level of the operating partnership or at the level of the other companies through which we may indirectly own assets, such as taxable REIT subsidiaries, which are subject to full U.S. federal, state, local and foreign corporate-level income taxes. Any taxes we pay directly or indirectly will reduce our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

Early investors may receive tax benefits from our election to accelerate depreciation expense deductions of certain components of our investments, including fixtures and other personal property, which later investors may not benefit from.

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions received, including distributions that are reinvested pursuant to our DRP, by our investors generally will be considered ordinary dividends to the extent that the distributions are paid out of our current and accumulated earnings and profits (excluding distributions of amounts either attributable to income subject to corporate-level taxation or designated as a capital gain dividend). However, depreciation expenses, among other deductible items, reduce taxable income and earnings and profits but do not reduce cash available for distribution. To the extent that a portion of any distributions to our investors exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits, that portion will be considered a return of capital (a non-taxable distribution) for U.S. federal income tax purposes up to the amount of their tax basis in their shares (and any excess over their tax basis in their shares will result in capital gain from the deemed disposition of the investors’ shares). The amount of distributions considered a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes will not be subject to tax immediately but will instead reduce the tax basis of our investors’ investments, generally deferring any tax on that portion of the distribution until they sell their shares or we liquidate. Because we may choose to increase depreciation expense deductions in the earlier years after acquisition of an asset, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, of certain components of our investments, including fixtures and other personal property through the use of cost segregation studies, our early investors may benefit to the extent that increased depreciation causes all or a portion of the distributions they receive to be considered a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes thereby deferring tax on those distributions, while later investors may not benefit to the extent that the depreciation of these components has already been deducted.

To qualify as a REIT we must meet annual distribution requirements, which may force us to forgo otherwise attractive opportunities or borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions. This could delay or hinder our ability to meet our investment objectives and reduce our stockholders’ overall return.

In order to qualify as a REIT, we must make aggregate annual distributions (other than capital gain dividends) to our stockholders of at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income as calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain. We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our undistributed taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (a) 85% of our ordinary income, (b) 95% of our capital gain net income and (c) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. These requirements could cause us to distribute amounts that otherwise would be spent on investments in real estate assets and it is possible that we might be required to borrow funds, possibly at unfavorable rates, or sell assets to fund these distributions. It is possible that we might not always be able to make distributions sufficient to meet the annual distribution requirements and to avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our earnings while we qualify as a REIT.

Certain of our business activities are potentially subject to the prohibited transaction tax, which could reduce the return on our stockholders’ investment.

For so long as we qualify as a REIT, our ability to dispose of property during the first few years following acquisition may be restricted to a substantial extent as a result of our REIT qualification. Under applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code regarding prohibited transactions by REITs, while we qualify as a REIT, we will be subject to a 100% penalty tax on the net income from the sale or other disposition of any property (other than foreclosure property) that we own, directly or indirectly through any subsidiary entity, including the operating partnership, but generally excluding taxable REIT subsidiaries, that is deemed to be inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Determining whether property is inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends on the particular facts and circumstances surrounding each property. During the time as we qualify as a REIT, we intend to avoid the 100% prohibited transaction tax by (a) conducting activities that may otherwise be considered prohibited transactions through a taxable REIT subsidiary (but such taxable REIT subsidiary will incur corporate rate income taxes with respect to any income or gain recognized by it), (b) conducting our operations in such a manner so that no sale or other disposition of an asset we own, directly or through any subsidiary, will be treated as a prohibited transaction, or (c) structuring certain dispositions of our properties to comply with the requirements of the prohibited transaction safe harbor available under the Internal Revenue Code for properties that, among other requirements, have been held for the production of rental income for at least two years. No assurance can be given that any particular property we own, directly or through any subsidiary entity, including the operating partnership, but generally excluding taxable REIT subsidiaries, will not be treated as inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.

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Our taxable REIT subsidiaries are subject to corporate-level taxes and our dealings with our taxable REIT subsidiaries may be subject to 100% excise tax.

A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a taxable REIT subsidiary. A corporation of which a taxable REIT subsidiary directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. Overall, no more than 20% (25% for our taxable years beginning prior to January 1, 2018) of the gross value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. A taxable REIT subsidiary may hold assets and earn income that would not be qualifying assets or income if held or earned directly by a REIT, including gross income from operations pursuant to management contracts. Accordingly, we may use taxable REIT subsidiaries generally to hold properties for sale in the ordinary course of a trade or business or to hold assets or conduct activities that we cannot conduct directly as a REIT. A taxable REIT subsidiary will be subject to applicable U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax on its taxable income. In addition, the taxable REIT subsidiary rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a taxable REIT subsidiary to its parent REIT to assure that the taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. The rules, which are applicable to us as a REIT, also impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a taxable REIT subsidiary and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis.

Certain fees paid to us may affect our REIT status.

Income received in the nature of rental subsidies or rent guarantees, in some cases, may not qualify as rental income from real estate and could be characterized by the IRS as non-qualifying income for purposes of satisfying the 75% and 95% gross income tests required for REIT qualification. If the aggregate of non-qualifying income under the 95% gross income test in any taxable year ever exceeded 5% of our gross revenues for the taxable year or non-qualifying income under the 75% gross income test in any taxable year ever exceeded 25% of our gross revenues for the taxable year, we could lose our REIT status for that taxable year and the four taxable years following the year of losing our REIT status unless we are entitled to a relief provision under the Internal Revenue Code.

If the operating partnership failed to qualify as a partnership or is not otherwise disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT.

If the IRS were to successfully challenge the status of the operating partnership as a partnership or disregarded entity for such purposes, it would be taxable as a corporation. In the event that this occurs, it would reduce the amount of distributions that the operating partnership could make to us. This also would result in our failing to qualify as a REIT, and becoming subject to a corporate level tax on our income. This substantially would reduce our cash available to pay distributions and the yield on our stockholders’ investment. In addition, if any of the partnerships or limited liability companies through which the operating partnership owns its properties, in whole or in part, loses its characterization as a partnership and is otherwise not disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it would be subject to taxation as a corporation, thereby reducing distributions to the operating partnership. Such a recharacterization of an underlying property owner could also threaten our ability to maintain our REIT qualification.

The taxation of distributions to our stockholders can be complex; however, distributions that we make to our stockholders generally will be taxable as ordinary income, which may reduce our stockholders’ anticipated return from an investment in us.

Distributions that we make to our taxable stockholders to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits (and not designated as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income) generally will be taxable as ordinary income. For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, noncorporate stockholders are entitled to a 20% deduction with respect to these ordinary REIT dividends which would, if allowed in full, result in a maximum effective federal income tax rate on them of 29.6% (or 33.4% including the 3.8% surtax on net investment income). However, a portion of our distributions may (1) be designated by us as capital gain dividends generally taxable as long-term capital gain to the extent that they are attributable to net capital gain recognized by us, (2) be designated by us as qualified dividend income, taxable at capital gains rates, generally to the extent they are attributable to dividends we receive from non-REIT corporations, such as our taxable REIT subsidiaries, or (3) constitute a return of capital generally to the extent that they exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A return of capital distribution is not taxable, but has the effect of reducing the tax basis of a stockholder’s investment in our common stock. Distributions that exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits and a stockholder’s tax basis in our common stock generally will be taxable as capital gain.

Our stockholders may have tax liability on distributions that they elect to reinvest in common stock, but they would not receive the cash from such distributions to pay such tax liability.

If our stockholders participate in our DRP, they will be deemed to have received, and for U.S. federal income tax purposes will be taxed on, the amount reinvested in shares of our common stock to the extent the amount reinvested was not a tax-free return of capital. In addition, our stockholders will be treated for tax purposes as having received an additional distribution to the extent the shares are

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purchased at a discount to fair market value. As a result, unless a stockholder is a tax-exempt entity, it may have to use funds from other sources to pay its tax liability on the value of the shares of common stock received.

Dividends payable by REITs generally do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.

Currently, the maximum tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates is 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for this reduced rate. Although this does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or the amount of dividends payable by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including our common stock. Tax rates could be changed in future legislation.

Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge our liabilities effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.

The REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code may limit our ability to hedge our liabilities. Any income from a hedging transaction we enter into to manage risk of interest rate changes, price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire or carry real estate assets or in certain cases to hedge previously acquired hedges entered into to manage risks associated with property that has been disposed of or liabilities that have been extinguished, if properly identified under applicable Treasury Regulations, does not constitute “gross income” for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions will likely be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both of the gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we may need to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a taxable REIT subsidiary. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because a taxable REIT subsidiary would be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in a taxable REIT subsidiary generally will not provide any tax benefit, except for being carried forward against future taxable income of such taxable REIT subsidiary.

Complying with REIT requirements may force us to forgo or liquidate otherwise attractive investment opportunities.

To qualify as a REIT, we must ensure that we meet the REIT gross income tests annually and that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified REIT real estate assets, including certain mortgage loans and certain kinds of mortgage-related securities. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries, government securities and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries, government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, no more than 25% of the value of our assets may be securities, excluding government securities, stock issued by our qualified REIT subsidiaries, and other securities that qualify as real estate assets and no more than 20% of the value of our total assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate assets from our portfolio or not make otherwise attractive investments in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.

The ability of our board of directors to revoke our REIT qualification without stockholder approval may subject us to U.S. federal income tax and reduce distributions to our stockholders.

Our charter provides that our board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. While we elected and intend to continue to qualify to be taxed as a REIT, we may terminate our REIT election if we determine that qualifying as a REIT is no longer in our best interests. If we cease to be a REIT, we would become subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our stockholders, which may have adverse consequences on our total return to our stockholders and on the market price of our common stock.

We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could increase our tax liability, reduce our operating flexibility and reduce the market price of our common stock.

In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and administrative changes have been made in the provisions of U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to investments similar to an investment in shares of our common stock. Additional changes to the tax laws are likely

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to continue to occur, and we cannot assure our stockholders that any such changes will not adversely affect their taxation. Any such changes could have an adverse effect on an investment in our shares or on the market value or the resale potential of our assets. Stockholders are urged to consult with their tax advisor with respect to the impact of recent legislation on their investment in our shares and the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our shares.

Although REITs generally receive better tax treatment than entities taxed as regular corporations, it is possible that future legislation would result in a REIT having fewer tax advantages, and it could become more advantageous for a company that invests in real estate to elect to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a corporation. As a result, our charter provides our board of directors with the power, under certain circumstances, to revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election and cause us to be taxed as a regular corporation, without the vote of our stockholders. Our board of directors has fiduciary duties to us and our stockholders and could only cause such changes in our tax treatment if it determines in good faith that such changes are in the best interest of our stockholders.

The share ownership restrictions of the Internal Revenue Code for REITs and the 9.8% share ownership limit in our charter may inhibit market activity in our shares of stock and restrict our business combination opportunities.

In order to qualify as a REIT, five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code, may not own, actually or constructively, more than 50% in value of our issued and outstanding shares of stock at any time during the last half of each taxable year, other than the first year for which a REIT election is made. Attribution rules in the Internal Revenue Code determine if any individual or entity actually or constructively owns our shares of stock under this requirement. Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own our shares of stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year for each taxable year, other than the first year for which a REIT election is made. To help ensure that we meet these tests, among other purposes, our charter restricts the acquisition and ownership of our shares of stock.

Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT while we so qualify. Unless exempted prospectively or retroactively by our board of directors, for so long as we qualify as a REIT, our charter prohibits, among other limitations on ownership and transfer of shares of our stock, any person from beneficially or constructively owning (applying certain attribution rules under the Internal Revenue Code) more than 9.8% in value of our outstanding stock, or 9.8% in value or in number (whichever is more restrictive) of our aggregate outstanding shares of common stock. Our board of directors may not grant an exemption from these restrictions to any proposed transferee whose ownership in excess of the 9.8% ownership limit would result in the termination of our qualification as a REIT. These restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply, however, if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions is no longer required in order for us to continue to so qualify as a REIT. These ownership limits could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of the stockholders.

Non-U.S. stockholders will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax and may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on distributions received from us and upon the disposition of our shares.

Subject to certain exceptions, distributions received from us will be treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Such dividends ordinarily will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate, or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty, unless the distributions are treated as “effectively connected” with the conduct by the non-U.S. stockholder of a U.S. trade or business. Pursuant to the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, or FIRPTA, capital gain distributions attributable to sales or exchanges of “U.S. real property interests,” or USRPIs, generally will be taxed to a non-U.S. stockholder (other than a qualified foreign pension plan, entities wholly owned by a qualified foreign pension plan and certain publicly traded foreign entities) as if such gain were effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. However, a capital gain dividend will not be treated as effectively connected income if (a) the distribution is received with respect to a class of stock that is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States and (b) the non-U.S. stockholder does not own more than 10% of the class of our stock at any time during the one-year period ending on the date the distribution is received. We do not anticipate that our shares will be “regularly traded” on an established securities market for the foreseeable future, and therefore, this exception is not expected to apply.

Gain recognized by a non-U.S. stockholder upon the sale or exchange of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation unless such stock constitutes a USRPI under FIRPTA. Our common stock will not constitute a USRPI so long as we are a “domestically-controlled qualified investment entity.” A domestically-controlled qualified investment entity includes a REIT if at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of such REIT’s stock is held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. stockholders. We believe, but cannot assure you, that we will be a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity.

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Even if we do not qualify as a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity at the time a non-U.S. stockholder sells or exchanges our common stock, gain arising from such a sale or exchange would not be subject to U.S. taxation under FIRPTA as a sale of a USRPI if: (a) our common stock is “regularly traded,” as defined by applicable Treasury Regulations, on an established securities market, and (b) such non-U.S. stockholder owned, actually and constructively, 10% or less of our common stock at any time during the five-year period ending on the date of the sale. However, it is not anticipated that our common stock will be “regularly traded” on an established market. We encourage our stockholders to consult their tax advisor to determine the tax consequences applicable to them if they are a non-U.S. stockholder.

Potential characterization of distributions or gain on sale may be treated as unrelated business taxable income to tax-exempt investors.

If (a) we are a “pension-held REIT,” (b) a tax-exempt stockholder has incurred (or is deemed to have incurred) debt to purchase or hold our common stock, or (c) a holder of common stock is a certain type of tax-exempt stockholder, dividends on, and gains recognized on the sale of, common stock by such tax-exempt stockholder may be subject to U.S. federal income tax as unrelated business taxable income under the Internal Revenue Code.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

The table below presents a summary of our multi-family communities at December 31, 2017.

 

 

 

Our communities include garden-style apartments generally defined as properties with multiple one to three story buildings in landscaped settings and mid-rise apartments situated in more urban settings.  The following table sets forth a summary of our communities by building type as of December 31, 2017.

 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are not a party to, and none of our properties are subject to, any material pending legal proceedings.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

 

 

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

There is no established public trading market for our shares of common stock. Our board will determine when, and if, to apply to have our shares of common stock listed for trading on a national securities exchange, subject to satisfying existing listing requirements. Our board will continually evaluate the timing and form of a liquidity event. The timing of any liquidity event will be influenced by many factors, including market conditions and the performance of our real estate portfolio. There is no assurance that we will list our shares. Further, there is no assurance that stockholders will be able to sell their shares at a time or price acceptable to them. We publish estimated per share values of our common stock to assist broker dealers that sold our common stock in the Offering to comply with the rules published by FINRA. On February 2, 2018, our board established an Estimated Per Share NAV of each class of our common stock as of December 31, 2017 equal to $23.15 for Class A Shares, $24.32 for Class T Shares and $23.55 for Class T-3 Shares.

We engaged Duff & Phelps, LLC, an independent third-party real estate valuation firm with expertise in complex valuation (“Duff & Phelps”), to assist our board in establishing an Estimated Per Share NAV for each class of common stock as of December 31, 2017. We are not affiliated with Duff & Phelps or any of its affiliates. While we and affiliates or related parties of our Business Manager have engaged and may engage Duff & Phelps or its affiliates in the future for valuations and commercial real estate-related services of various kinds, we believe that there are no material conflicts of interest with respect to our engagement of Duff & Phelps.

Duff & Phelps provided a range of Estimated Per Share NAVs for each class based upon (i) appraisals of our three real estate properties owned as of December 31, 2017 (the “Appraised Properties”) performed by Duff & Phelps , (ii) valuations performed by our Business Manager with respect to our cash, other assets, mortgage debt and other liabilities, and (iii) allocations of income, expenses, unrealized/realized gains (losses) on properties and the fair market value of debt among share classes, along with adjustments for issuances of common stock, repurchases, distribution and stockholder servicing fees and distributions, calculated by our Business Manager. Based, in part, on the appraisals prepared by Duff & Phelps personnel who are members of the Appraisal Institute and have the Member of Appraisal Institute (“MAI”) professional designation, Duff & Phelps developed a valuation analysis of our assets and liabilities and provided that analysis to our board in a report dated February 2, 2018 (the “Valuation Report”) that contained, among other information, a range of per share net asset values for each class of our common stock as of December 31, 2017 (the “Valuation Date”). There have been no changes between December 31, 2017 and the date of the Valuation Report that our Business Manager believes would materially impact the overall Estimated Per Share NAVs.

To estimate our per share values, Duff & Phelps utilized the “net asset value” or “NAV” method, also known as the appraised value methodology, which is based on the fair value of real estate, real estate related investments and all other assets, less the fair value of total liabilities. The fair value estimate of our real estate assets is equal to the sum of their individual real estate values. Generally, Duff & Phelps estimated the value of our real estate assets using several methodologies, including a discounted cash flow, or “DCF,” of projected net operating income plus reversion, less capital expenditures, for each property, for the ten-year period ending December 31, 2027, and applied a terminal capitalization rate and discount rate which it believed was consistent with the inherent level of risk associated with the asset. The other methodologies considered consisted of the “direct capitalization” and “sales comparison” approaches. Duff & Phelps used the DCF approach consistent with the IPA Practice Guideline 2013-01 “Valuations of Publicly Registered Non-Listed REITs” (the “IPA Practice Guideline”). For all other assets, such as other current assets, fair value was determined separately based on book value. Our Business Manager determined the fair value of debt by calculating the present value of contractual cash flows discounted at current market interest rates. The fair market value of our debt was reviewed by Duff & Phelps for reasonableness and utilized in the Valuation Report. The estimated value of the incentive participation payable to our Business Manager’s affiliate is based on 15% of the amount by which the value of our shares, plus distributions paid, exceeds a return of stockholders’ capital plus a 6% cumulative, pre-tax, non-compounded return to the stockholders. At the midpoint estimated per share NAVs, Duff & Phelps determined that no incentive participation would be payable under a hypothetical liquidation. Duff & Phelps determined NAV in a manner consistent with the definition of fair value under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles set forth in FASB’s Topic ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.

Each class of common stock then was allocated its proportionate share of our income and expenses, including, but not limited to, our portfolio income and interest expense, for each quarter based on the number of shares outstanding for that class as of the prior quarter. In addition, each class of common stock was allocated its proportionate share of unrealized/realized gains (losses) on our assets and the fair market value of our debt based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding for each class from inception through the Valuation Date. Following such allocations, the net asset value of each class was adjusted for additional issuances of common stock, repurchases, and the distribution and stockholder servicing fees that were not otherwise accounted for in the distributions paid to stockholders. The declaration of distributions also reduces the net asset value of each class of our common stock in an amount equal to the accrued liability to pay any applicable distribution to our stockholders of record of such class.

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Based on the allocations and adjustments described above, each share class was allocated the major components of our estimated net asset value at the Valuation Date in the amounts set forth below. The Estimated Per Share NAV for each class was calculated by dividing the class’s estimated net asset value at the Valuation Date by the number of shares outstanding for that class as of the Valuation Date.

 

 

The terminal capitalization rate and discount rate have a significant impact on the estimated value under the net asset value method. Duff & Phelps used terminal capitalization rates of 5.25% to 6.25% and discount rates of 6.50 to 7.50%. The estimated value assumes a weighted average terminal capitalization rate equal to 5.73% and a weighted average discount rate equal to 6.98%. Duff & Phelps then applied a terminal capitalization rate and discount rate sensitivity analysis on the midpoint terminal capitalization rate and discount rate of each real estate asset. A valuation range was calculated by varying the terminal capitalization rate and discount rate by 0.25% in either direction, which Duff & Phelps believes produces a reasonable range that market participants would consider in valuing the real estate assets. Terminal capitalization rates and discount rates were sourced from the MAI appraisals by Duff & Phelps and varied by location, asset quality and supply and demand metrics.

The following chart presents the impact of changes to our share prices based on variations in the terminal capitalization rates and discount rates within the range of values determined by Duff & Phelps.

 

 

If the midpoint terminal capitalization rate on each real estate asset was adjusted by 5% in accordance with the IPA Practice Guideline, assuming all other factors remain unchanged, the range of values would be $21.46 to $24.95 per Class A Share, $22.93 to $25.79 per Class T Share and $23.03 to $24.10 per Class T-3 Share. If the midpoint discount rate on each real estate asset was adjusted by 5% in accordance with the IPA Practice Guideline, assuming all other factors remain unchanged, the range of values would be $21.62 to $24.74 per Class A Share, $23.06 to $25.62 per Class T Share and $23.08 to $24.04 per Class T-3 Share.

Our board reviewed the Valuation Report, met with representatives from Duff & Phelps in person and considered the material assumptions and valuation methodologies applied and described therein. On February 2, 2018, our board unanimously adopted $23.15 as the Estimated Per Share NAV of the Class A Shares, $24.32 as the Estimated Per Share NAV of the Class T Shares and $23.55 as the Estimated Per Share NAV of the Class T-3 Shares. The Estimated Per Share NAV of each class is the mid-point of the range of values provided by Duff & Phelps. The Valuation Report contained a range of (i) $20.66 to $25.95 for the Estimated Per Share NAV of the Class A Shares, (ii) $22.28 to $26.62 for the Estimated Per Share NAV of the Class T Shares and (iii) $22.79 to $24.41 for the Estimated Per Share NAV of the Class T-3 Shares. Taking into consideration the reasonableness of the valuation methodologies, assumptions, and the conclusions contained in the Valuation Report, our board determined our total estimated net asset value to be $50.2 million.

Our board’s determination of the Estimated Per Share NAVs was undertaken in accordance with our valuation policy and the recommendations and methodologies of the Investment Program Association, a trade association for non-listed direct investment vehicles, as set forth in IPA Practice Guideline.

In performing its analyses, Duff & Phelps made numerous assumptions as of various points in time with respect to industry performance, general business, economic and regulatory conditions and other matters, many of which are necessarily subject to change and beyond the control of Duff & Phelps and us. The analyses performed by Duff & Phelps are not necessarily indicative of actual values, trading values or actual future results of our common stock that might be achieved, all of which may be significantly

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more or less favorable than suggested by such analyses. The analyses do not purport to reflect the prices at which the properties may actually be sold, and such estimates are inherently subject to uncertainty. The actual value of each class of our common stock may vary significantly depending on numerous factors that generally impact the price of securities, our financial condition and the state of the real estate industry more generally. Accordingly, with respect to each Estimated Per Share NAV, neither we nor Duff & Phelps can give any assurance that:

The Estimated Per Share NAVs represent a snapshot in time, will likely change, and do not necessarily represent the amount a stockholder would receive now or in the future for his or her shares of our common stock. Stockholders should not rely on the Estimated Per Share NAVs in making a decision to buy or sell shares of our common stock. The Estimated Per Share NAVs are based on a number of assumptions, estimates and data that are inherently imprecise and susceptible to uncertainty and changes in circumstances, including changes to the value of individual assets as well as changes and developments in the real estate and capital markets, changes in interest rates, and changes in the composition of our portfolio.

We intend to continue to engage Duff & Phelps to assist our board in future determinations of our Estimated Per Share NAVs. We expect to publish an updated Estimated Per Share NAV for each class on at least an annual basis.

Stockholders

On March 1, 2018, we had 818, 236 and 138 stockholders of record for Class A Shares, Class T Shares and Class T-3 Shares, respectively.

Distributions

Cash distributions

We currently pay cash distributions based on a daily record date, payable the following month. During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we declared cash distributions totaling $2,137,475, $1,008,178 and $37,421, respectively, and paid $2,060,823, $894,709 and $13,683, respectively. Distributions declared for 2017 and 2015 were in an amount equal to $0.003424658 per day per Class A Share and $0.002768493 per day per Class T Share, based on a 365-day period. Distributions on Class T-3 Shares were declared beginning March 2017 and were in an amount equal to $0.003306849 per day per Class T-3 Share, based on a 365-day period. Distributions declared for 2016 were in an amount equal to $0.003415301 per day per Class A Share and $0.002760929 per day per Class T Share, based on a 366-day period.

Stock dividends

We also paid monthly stock dividends equal to 0.000833333 Class A Shares per Class A Share owned and 0.000833333 Class T Shares per Class T Share owned as of the last day of each month from November 2015 through March 2017. In addition, we paid a special stock dividend equal to 0.01 Class A Share, 0.01 Class T Share and 0.01 Class T-3 Shares per Class A Share, Class T Share and Class T-3 Share owned, respectively, payable to stockholders of record on May 31, 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we issued stock dividends equal to 17,120 Class A Shares, 4,826 Class T Shares and 438 Class T-3 Shares. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we issued stock dividends equal to 6,864 Class A Shares and 913 Class T Shares.  For the year ended December 31, 2015, we issued stock dividends equal to 137 Class A Shares and 1 Class T Share. In general, these stock dividends are non-taxable distributions to stockholders and are not considered dividends for purposes of meeting our annual distribution requirement.

 

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The following table shows the sources for the payment of cash distributions to common stockholders for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:

 

The following table compares cumulative cash distributions paid to cumulative net loss (in accordance with U.S. GAAP) for the period from December 19, 2013 (date of inception) through December 31, 2017:

 

Share Repurchase Program

The SRP is designed to provide eligible stockholders with limited, interim liquidity by enabling them to sell shares back to us. The terms under which we may repurchase shares may differ between repurchases upon the death or “qualifying disability” of a stockholder or “Exceptional Repurchases” and all other repurchases or “Ordinary Repurchases.” Prior to our initial valuation date, the repurchase price for Ordinary Repurchases was equal to $21.60 per Class A Share, $21.61 per Class T Share and $21.61 per Class T-3 Share. After the initial valuation date, the repurchase price is equal to 96.0% of the most recent applicable estimated value per share reported by us. Accordingly, until we announce new Estimated Per Share NAVs, the repurchase price for Ordinary Repurchases is $22.22 per Class A Share, $23.35 per Class T Share and $22.61 per Class T-3 Share, beginning with the February 28, 2018 repurchase date.

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In the case of Ordinary Repurchases, we may repurchase shares beneficially owned by a stockholder continuously for at least one year and who purchased their shares from us or received their shares through a non-cash transfer, if requested, if we choose to repurchase them. However, in the event a stockholder is having all of his or her shares repurchased, our board may waive the one-year holding requirement for shares purchased under our DRP. We may make Ordinary Repurchases only if we have sufficient funds available to complete the repurchase. In any given calendar month, we are authorized to use only the proceeds from our DRP during that month to make Ordinary Repurchases; provided that, if we have excess funds during any particular month, we may, but are not obligated to, carry those excess funds to the subsequent calendar month for the purpose of making Ordinary Repurchases. Subject to funds being available, in the case of Ordinary Repurchases, we limit the number of shares repurchased during any calendar year to no more than 5% of the number of Class A Shares, Class T Shares and Class T-3 Shares outstanding on December 31st of the previous calendar year. In the event that we determine not to repurchase all of the shares presented during any month, including as a result of having insufficient funds or satisfying the 5% limit, to the extent we decide to repurchase shares, shares will be repurchased on a pro rata basis up to the limits described above. Any stockholder whose Ordinary Repurchase request has been partially accepted in a particular calendar month will have the remainder of his or her request included with all new repurchase requests we have received in the immediately following calendar month, unless he or she chooses to withdraw that request.

Prior to our initial valuation date, the repurchase price for Exceptional Repurchases was equal to $22.50 per Class A Share, $22.51 per Class T Share and $22.51 per Class T-3 Share. After the initial valuation date, the repurchase price is equal to 100.0% of the most recent applicable estimated value per share reported by us. Accordingly, until we announce new Estimated Per Share NAVs, the repurchase price for Exceptional Repurchases is $23.15 per Class A Share, $24.32 per Class T Share and $23.55 per Class T-3 Share, beginning with the February 28, 2018 repurchase date. Exceptional Repurchases are not subject to a one-year holding period, or the 5% repurchase limit discussed above, and may be repurchased with funds from any source.

The SRP will immediately terminate if our shares become listed for trading on a national securities exchange. In addition, our board of directors, in its sole discretion, may, at any time, amend, suspend or terminate the SRP.

Beginning in July 2017, we repurchased 6,432 Class A Shares and 1,555 Class T Shares under the SRP for the year ended December 31, 2017.  During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, there were no shares repurchased under the SRP. Our SRP was announced on February 17, 2015.

 

 

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

For information regarding the securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plan, reference is made to Item 12 “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” which is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities

On February 17, 2015, our Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-199129), covering a public offering of up to $1,190,000,000 of shares of Class A and Class T common stock was declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and on February 2, 2017, Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 to our Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-199129), reallocating certain of the remaining shares being offered to offer Class T-3 Shares as a new class of common stock pursuant to the Offering and the DRP, was declared effective under the Securities Act.  We ceased accepting subscription agreements dated after December 31, 2017 and terminated the Offering on January 3, 2018.

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We offered up to $1,000,000,000 of Class A Shares, Class T Shares and Class T-3 Shares, in any combination. We also offered up to $190,000,000 of Class A, Class T and Class T-3 Shares in the DRP.

From the effective date of the Offering through December 31, 2017, we sold the following securities in the Offering for the following aggregate offering proceeds:

 

From the effective date of the Offering through December 31, 2017, we have paid the following costs in connection with the issuance and distribution of the registered securities:

 

 

From the effective date of the Offering through December 31, 2017, the net offering proceeds to us from the Offering and the DRP, after deducting the total expenses incurred described above, were $43.3 million. As of December 31, 2017, we used $24.0 million to repay a portion of our debt which was originally incurred in connection with the purchase of real estate $15.5 million in related costs associated with our purchase of real estate, of which $0.2 million was paid to related parties, and $2.0 million to pay distributions. The remaining proceeds were held as cash at December 31, 2017. In addition, we received $6.5 million from our Business Manager as a refund of offering costs previously paid by us which resulted from costs exceeding allowable amounts as described in our registration statement for the Offering. The table above does not include the refund of offering costs.

 

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The following table shows our selected financial data relating to our consolidated historical financial condition and results of operations. This selected data should be read in conjunction with Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this report.

 

 

 

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Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Certain statements in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Words such as “may,” “could,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “variables,” “potential,” “continue,” “expand,” “maintain,” “create,” “strategies,” “likely,” “will,” “would” and variations of these terms and similar expressions, or the negative of these terms or similar expressions, are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements are not historical facts but reflect the intent, belief or current expectations of our management based on their knowledge and understanding of the business and industry, the economy and other future conditions. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, and we caution stockholders not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements due to a variety of risks, uncertainties and other factors, including but not limited to the factors listed and described under “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the factors described below:

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Forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K reflect our management’s view only as of the date of this Report, and may ultimately prove to be incorrect or false. We undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results except as required by applicable law. We intend for these forward-looking statements to be covered by the applicable safe harbor provisions created by Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act.

The following discussion and analysis relates to the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.  Our stockholders should read the following discussion and analysis along with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this report.

Overview

We are an externally managed Maryland corporation formed in December 2013 to acquire and manage a portfolio of multi-family properties located primarily in the top 100 United States metropolitan statistical areas, which generally contain populations greater than 500,000 people. Our real estate portfolio consists primarily of “stabilized” Class A and Class B multi-family properties. We are managed by our Business Manager. Substantially all of our business is conducted through our operating partnership, of which we are the sole general partner.  We elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code, beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2015.

We commenced our Offering of Class A Shares and Class T Shares on February 17, 2015 and, effective February 2, 2017, we reallocated certain of the remaining shares being offered in our Offering to offer Class T-3 Shares.  We ceased accepting subscription agreements dated after December 31, 2017 and terminated the Offering on January 3, 2018.

Outlook

The U.S multifamily market remains strong, with demand reaching a seven-year high in 2017 according to CBRE’s fourth quarter 2017 multifamily report. The 241,200 units absorbed nationally over the last year mark the second-highest annual total during the recovery/expansion period. Reflective of that, during the year ended December 31, 2017, our properties enjoyed a weighted average daily occupancy of 94.7% and, at year end, 599 units, or 96.1% of our total residential units, were leased. Vacancies remain low nationally, while developers continue to deliver new product, with 265,900 units completed in 2017 to meet demand. New construction will continue to focus on areas with a strong live-work-play environment, catering to both millennials and baby boomers, who prefer the amenities and flexibility offered by apartment living.

Across the country, most markets experienced modest rent growth in 2017, although some larger markets recorded a decrease in rent that brought the average monthly effective rent down by approximately 0.3% to $1,628, according to CBRE. A growing population, low unemployment, strong wages and elevated consumer confidence levels could lead to enhanced household formation in the coming years, particularly by young adults.   This could help sustain the current strong U.S. multifamily market for the foreseeable future notwithstanding expectations for continued development.  

Company Highlights - Year Ended December 31, 2017

Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2017, we acquired, through our wholly owned subsidiaries, Commons at Town Center in Vernon Hills, Illinois and Verandas at Mitylene in Montgomery, Alabama from unaffiliated third parties. Commons at Town Center has 105,442 square feet with 85 residential units plus 10,609 square feet with five retail units and Verandas at Mitylene has 376,968 square feet with 332 residential units.

Financings

The purchase price of Commons at Town Center of $23 million was financed by entering into a seven-year mortgage loan for $13.8 million and an eight-month note payable for $9.2 million. As of December 31, 2017, $5.7 million of the note payable was repaid and subsequently, on January 23, 2018 the remaining $3.5 million was repaid. Verandas at Mitylene was funded with the proceeds of a ten-year mortgage loan for $21.9 million and offering proceeds of $14.7 million.

Capital

Excluding the DRP, we generated gross proceeds of $8.2 million, $2.6 million and $5.8 million from sales of our Class A Shares, Class T Shares and Class T-3 Shares, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2017.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

General

Our primary uses and sources of cash are as follows:

 

 

The remaining outstanding balance of the note on December 31, 2017, was paid in January 2018.

For information related to our debt maturities reference is made to Note 6 – “Mortgages and Note Payable, Net” which is included in our December 31, 2017 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.

Cash Flow Analysis

 

Operating activities

Cash provided by operating activities increased $0.7 million during 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to payments made in 2016 related to our 2015 acquisition, cash generated from property operations from our recent acquisitions and timing of payments. Cash provided by operating activities increased $1.1 million during 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to a full year of operations of our real estate property purchased in September 2015.  

Investing activities

 

We used more cash in our investing activities during 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to the acquisition of Commons at Town Center and Verandas at Mitylene in 2017. Cash used in investing activities decreased $45.8 million during 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to the purchase of the Retreat at Market Square in 2015.

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Financing activities

 

Cash provided by financing activities increased $53.5 million during 2017 compared to 2016. During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we generated proceeds from the sale of our shares, net of offering costs paid, of $14.1 million, $22.7 million and $3.8 million, respectively. In 2017, we received reimbursement of offering costs. For further information, reference is made to Note 11 – “Transactions with Related Parties” which is included in our December 31, 2017 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. In 2015, our sponsor provided a non-interest bearing advance of $2.7 million, of which $1.0 million was repaid in 2017. During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we paid $1.0 million, $0.5 million and $12,000, respectively, in distributions (excludes distributions reinvested via DRP) and repurchased $173,558 of shares in 2017. During 2017, we obtained mortgage loans and a note payable in an aggregate amount of $44.9 million to finance our acquisitions and paid $5.7 million toward our note payable.  During 2016, we paid $18.3 million toward our mortgage loan. We generated $45.8 million from borrowings in 2015 to fund the purchase of the Retreat at Market Square.

We have not yet generated sufficient cash flow from operations to fund distribution payments and may not do so unless our asset base grows significantly. Our organizational documents permit us to pay distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations. Some or all of our distributions may be paid from retained cash flow (if any), from borrowings (if available) and from cash flow from investing activities, including the net proceeds from the sale of our assets, or from the net proceeds of the Offering and DRP. Accordingly, we have historically paid distributions from the net proceeds of our Offering, and until such time as we are generating cash flow from operations sufficient to cover distributions, we will likely continue to pay distributions from the proceeds of our DRP or other sources, including cash on hand. We have not established any limit on the extent to which we may use alternate sources to pay distributions. Through December 31, 2017, $2.0 million or 67.5% of the cash distributions paid to stockholders were paid from the net proceeds of our Offering, which reduced the proceeds available for other purposes. To the extent we continue to pay cash distributions, or a portion thereof, from sources other than cash flow from operations, we will have less capital available to invest in properties and other real estate-related assets, the book value per share and the Estimated Per Share NAVs may decline, and there is no assurance that we will be able to sustain distributions at that level.

Distributions

A summary of the cash distributions declared and paid, and cash flows provided by operations for years ended December, 2017, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

 

 

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Results of Operations

These sections describe and compare our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. We generate almost all of our net operating income from property operations. In order to evaluate our overall portfolio, management analyzes the net operating income of our property that we have owned and operated for both periods presented, in their entirety, referred to herein as “same store” properties. By evaluating the property net operating income of our “same store” properties, management is able to monitor the operations of our existing properties for comparable periods to measure the performance of our current portfolio and determine the effects of our new acquisitions on net income.

 

Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

 

A total of one multi-family property was acquired on or before January 1, 2016 and represents our “same store” property during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.  “Non-same store,” as reflected in the table below, consists of properties acquired after January 1, 2016. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, two properties constituted non-same store properties. The following table presents property net operating income broken out between same store and non-same store, prior to amortization of intangibles, interest, and depreciation and amortization for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, along with a reconciliation to net loss, calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

 

 

 

Net loss.  Net loss was $3,138,952 and $2,307,419 for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

 

Total property net operating income.  On a “same store” basis, comparing the results of operations of our investment property owned during the year ended December 31, 2017, with the results of the same investment property owned during the year ended December 31, 2016, property net operating income increased $64,209. The increase is due to increased property income due to increased occupancy and market rents.

“Non-same store” total property net operating income increased $1,842,271 during 2017 as compared to 2016. The increase is primarily a result of acquiring two additional properties in 2017.

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General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $201,261 in 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to the growth in our portfolio.

 

Acquisition related costs. Acquisition related expenses increased $59,596 in 2017 compared to 2016. The increase is attributed to our acquisition related activity.

 

Business management fee. Business management fees increased $202,302 in 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to the acquisition of two properties which increased assets under management.

 

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased $1,639,193 in 2017 as compared to 2016. This increase is due to acquisitions during 2017.

 

Interest expense. Interest expense increased $665,628 in 2017 compared to 2016. The increase is due to borrowings to fund recent acquisitions.

 

Interest and other income. Interest and other income increased $29,967 primarily due to higher interest earned as a result of higher cash balances in 2017 compared to 2016.

 

Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015

We purchased our first property on September 30, 2015.  As no properties were acquired in the year ended December 31, 2016 there are no “non-same store” properties reflected in the table below. Variances are primarily due to the purchase of our first property in 2015 and our capital raising efforts. The following table presents property net operating income prior to amortization of intangibles, interest, and depreciation and amortization for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, along with a reconciliation to net loss, calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

 

 

Net loss.  Net loss was $2,307,419 and $2,492,602 for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Total income.  Total income increased $2,957,902 in 2016 compared to 2015 due to tenant rental and fee income from the acquisition of our real estate property in September 2015. Rental income is impacted by rental rates and occupancy levels.

Property operating expenses.  Property operating expenses consisted of property management fees and costs of owning and maintaining our real estate property. The increase in property operating expenses of $928,551 in 2016 compared to 2015 was due to owning our real estate property for a full year.

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Real estate tax expense.  During 2016 and 2015, real estate tax expense increased $266,209 due to owning our real estate property for a portion of 2015 compared to a full year in 2016.

General and administrative expenses.  General and administrative expenses increased $539,226 in 2016 compared to 2015.  In 2016, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of related party stock discounts of $19,356, professional fees of $734,348 and other costs of $442,815. In 2015, general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of related party stock discounts of $8,065, professional fees of $464,194 and other costs of $185,034.

Acquisition related costs. Acquisition related expenses decreased $1,218,015 in 2016 compared to 2015. The decrease is attributed to less acquisition related activity.

Business management fee. Business management fees increased $183,085 in 2016 compared to 2015. The increase is due to the acquisition of one property which increased assets under management.

Depreciation and amortization expense.  Depreciation and amortization increased in 2016 compared to 2015 due to the purchase of our real estate during the third quarter of 2015.

Interest expense.  During 2016, interest expense increased compared to 2015 due to financing the property purchased during the third quarter of 2015.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our accounting policies have been established to conform to U.S. GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to use judgment in the application of accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 – “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” which is included in our December 31, 2017 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. We have identified five significant accounting policies as critical accounting policies.

We consider these policies to be critical because they require our management to use judgment in the application of accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions. These judgments affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. If management’s judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to various transactions had been different, it is possible that different accounting policies would have been applied, thus resulting in a different presentation of the financial statements. Additionally, other companies may utilize different estimates that may impact comparability of our results of operations to those of companies in similar businesses.

Offering and Organizational Costs

Costs associated with the Offering are deferred and charged against the gross proceeds of the Offering upon the sale of shares. Formation and organizational costs are expensed as incurred.

Acquisitions

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued guidance that clarifies the definition of a business and assists in the evaluation of whether a transaction will be accounted for as an acquisition of an asset or as a business combination. Under the updated guidance, an acquisition of a property is likely to be treated as an asset acquisition as opposed to a business combination. We early adopted the new guidance and modified our accounting policy effective October 1, 2016, to record the entirety of the asset acquisitions of real property and related intangible assets and liabilities at their relative fair values. Additionally, we capitalize the associated transaction costs.

Upon acquisition, we determine the total purchase price of each property. We allocate the total purchase price of properties based on the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on Level 3 inputs, such as comparable sales values, discount rates, capitalization rates, revenue and expense growth rates and lease-up assumptions, from a third party appraisal or other market sources. Such tangible assets include land, building improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment and intangible assets include in-place lease value.  Acquired in-place lease costs and other leasing costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the weighted-average remaining lease term as a component of amortization expense.

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Prior to October 1, 2016, we expensed acquisition expenses as incurred and assets acquired and liabilities assumed were measured at their fair values rather than their relative fair values.

Impairment of Investment Properties

We assess the carrying values of the respective long-lived assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of these assets may not be fully recoverable. If it is determined that the carrying value is not recoverable because the undiscounted cash flows do not exceed the carrying value, we will be required to record an impairment loss to the extent that the carrying value exceeds fair value. The valuation and possible subsequent impairment of investment properties will be a significant estimate that can change based on our continuous process of analyzing each property and reviewing assumptions about uncertain factors, as well as the economic condition of the property at a particular point in time.

 

Distribution and Stockholder Servicing Fee

The Company pays a distribution and stockholder servicing fee equal to 1.0% per annum of the purchase price per share (or, once reported, the amount of its estimated value per share) for each Class T Share and Class T-3 Share sold in its Offering. The aggregate amount of underwriting compensation for Class T Shares and Class T-3 Shares including the distribution and stockholder servicing fee cannot exceed FINRA’s 10% cap on underwriting compensation. The fee is on-going and is not paid at the time of purchase and is paid monthly in arrears. Beginning in 2016, the Company accounted for the fee as a charge to equity at the time each Class T Share and Class T-3 Share was sold in the Offering and recorded a corresponding payable in due to related parties. Prior to January 1, 2016, the Company adopted original industry accounting guidance which accounted for this fee as a charge to equity on a periodic basis as it became contractually due and payable, in the application of accounting for the distribution and stockholder servicing fee.  

 

Revenue Recognition

Residential properties are leased under operating leases with terms of generally one year or less. Rental revenues from residential leases are recognized on the straight-line method over the approximate life of the leases, which is generally one year. The recognition of rental revenues from residential leases when earned has historically not been materially different from rental revenues recognized on a straight-line basis.

Under the terms of residential leases, the residents of our residential communities are obligated to reimburse us for certain utility usage, water and electricity, where we are the primary obligor to the public utility entity. These utility reimbursements from residents are reflected as other property income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For information related to recently issued accounting pronouncements, reference is made to Note 2 – “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” which is included in our December 31, 2017 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.

 

Contractual Obligations

Our mortgages payable are generally non-recourse to us.  We have, however, guaranteed the full amount of the mortgages payable by our subsidiaries in the event that the applicable subsidiary fails to pay all real estate taxes which accrue or become due, provide access or information to the property or obtain the lender’s prior written consent to any liens on or transfers of the property, and in the event of any losses, costs or damages incurred by the lender as a result of fraud or intentional misrepresentation of the subsidiary borrower, gross negligence or willful misconduct, material waste of the property and the breach of any representation or warranty concerning environmental laws, among other things.

The table below presents, on a consolidated basis, our obligations and commitments to make future payments under debt obligations (including interest) as of December 31, 2017.

 

 

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We currently have no off-balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Subsequent Events

For information related to subsequent events, reference is made to Note 14 – “Subsequent Events” which is included in our December 31, 2017 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.

 

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to interest rate changes primarily as a result of long-term debt used to purchase properties or other real estate assets, maintain liquidity and fund capital expenditures or operations. We seek to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and to lower our overall borrowing costs. As of December 31, 2017, we had outstanding debt of $66.7 million, excluding mortgage premium and unamortized debt issuance costs, bearing interest rates ranging from 3.64% to 5.4% per annum. The weighted average interest rate was 3.82%. As of December 31, 2017, the weighted average years to maturity for our mortgages and note payable was approximately 6.89 years.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we do not have any variable rate debt. As of December 31, 2017, our fixed-rate debt consisted of secured mortgage financings and note payable with a carrying value of $66.7 million and a fair value of $65.3 million. As of December 31, 2016, our fixed-rate debt consisted of secured mortgage financing with a carrying value of $27.5 million and a fair value of $27.0 million. Changes in interest rates do not affect interest expense incurred on our fixed-rate debt until their maturity or earlier repayment, but interest rates do affect the fair value of our fixed rate debt obligations.  If market interest rates were to increase by 1% (100 basis points), the fair market value of our fixed-rate debt would decrease by $5.0 million at December 31, 2017. If market interest rates were to decrease by 1% (100 basis points), the fair market value of our fixed-rate debt would increase by $2.6 million at December 31, 2017.

With regard to any variable rate financing, our Business Manager will assess our interest rate cash flow risk by continually identifying and monitoring changes in interest rate exposures that may adversely impact expected future cash flows and by evaluating hedging opportunities. Our Business Manager will maintain risk management control systems to monitor interest rate cash flow risk attributable to both of our outstanding or forecasted debt obligations as well as our potential offsetting hedge positions. While this hedging strategy will be designed to minimize the impact on our net income and funds from operations from changes in interest rates, the overall returns on stockholder investments may be reduced.

We may use derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates on loans secured by our assets. Derivative instruments may include interest rate swap contracts, interest rate cap or floor contracts, futures or forward contracts, options or repurchase agreements. Our actual hedging decisions will be determined in light of the facts and circumstances existing at the time of the hedge and may differ from our currently anticipated hedging strategy. If we use derivative financial instruments to hedge against interest rate fluctuations, we will be exposed to both credit risk and market risk. Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. If the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty will owe us, which creates credit risk for us because the counterparty may not perform. Market risk is the adverse effect on the value of a financial instrument that results from a change in interest rates. We will seek to manage the market risk associated with interest-rate contracts by establishing and monitoring parameters that limit the types and degree of market risk that may be undertaken. There is no assurance we will be successful. Presently, we do not have any derivative financial instruments.

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

INDEX

Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 

 

Schedules not filed:

All schedules other than the one listed in the Index have been omitted as the required information is inapplicable or the information is presented in the consolidated financial statements or related notes.

 

 

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Inland Residential Properties Trust, Inc.:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Inland Residential Properties Trust, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of operations, equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the years in the three‑year period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes and financial statement schedule III (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three‑year period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ KPMG LLP

 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.

Chicago, Illinois

March 6, 2018

 

 

44

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

 

45

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

 

46

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (DEFICIT)

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

47

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2017

 

NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION

Inland Residential Properties Trust, Inc. (the “Company”) was formed on December 19, 2013 to primarily acquire and manage a portfolio of multi-family properties located primarily in the top 100 United States metropolitan statistical areas, which generally contain populations greater than 500,000 people. The Company entered into a business management agreement (as amended, the “Business Management Agreement”) with Inland Residential Business Manager & Advisor, Inc. (the “Business Manager”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Inland Real Estate Investment Corporation (the “Sponsor”), to be the Business Manager to the Company. Substantially all of the Company’s business is conducted through Inland Residential Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “operating partnership”), of which the Company is the sole general partner. The Company elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes (“REIT”) under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), beginning with the tax year ended December 31, 2015.

At December 31, 2017, the Company owned real estate consisting of three multi-family communities totaling 623 units. The properties consist of 677,142 square feet of residential and 10,609 square feet of retail gross leasable area. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the properties’ weighted average daily occupancy for residential was 94.7% and at December 31, 2017, 599 units, or 96.1% of the residential units were leased. At December 31, 2017, 100% of the retail units were occupied.

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

General

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement, in all material respects, of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Certain amounts in the prior period consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation.

 

Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, as well as the operating partnership and the accounts of the Company’s indirect wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The fiscal year-end of the Company is December 31.

Information with respect to square footage and occupancy is unaudited.

Acquisitions

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board the (“FASB”) issued guidance that clarifies the definition of a business and assists in the evaluation of whether a transaction will be accounted for as an acquisition of an asset or as a business combination. Under the updated guidance, an acquisition of a property is likely to be treated as an asset acquisition as opposed to a business combination. The Company early adopted the new guidance and modified its accounting policy effective October 1, 2016, to record the entirety of the asset acquisitions of real property and related intangible assets and liabilities at their relative fair values. Additionally, the Company capitalizes the associated transaction costs.

Upon acquisition, the Company determines the total purchase price of each property (see Note 4 – “Acquisitions”). The Company allocates the total purchase price of properties based on the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on Level 3 inputs, such as comparable sales values, discount rates, capitalization rates, revenue and expense growth rates and lease-up assumptions, from a third party appraisal or other market sources. Such tangible assets include land, building improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment and intangible assets include in-place lease value.  Acquired in-place lease costs and

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2017

 

other leasing costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the weighted-average remaining lease term as a component of amortization expense.

Prior to October 1, 2016, the Company expensed acquisition expenses as incurred and assets acquired and liabilities assumed were measured at their fair values rather than their relative fair values. 

Impairment of Investment Properties

The Company assesses the carrying values of the respective long-lived assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of these assets may not be fully recoverable. If it is determined that the carrying value is not recoverable because the undiscounted cash flows do not exceed the carrying value, the Company will be required to record an impairment loss to the extent that the carrying value exceeds fair value. The valuation and possible subsequent impairment of investment properties will be a significant estimate that can change based on the Company’s continuous process of analyzing each property and reviewing assumptions about uncertain factors, as well as the economic condition of the property at a particular point in time.

REIT Status

 

The Company has qualified and has elected to be taxed as a REIT beginning with the tax year ended December 31, 2015. In order to qualify as a REIT, the Company is required to distribute annually at least 90% of its taxable income, subject to certain adjustments, to its stockholders. The Company must also meet certain asset and income tests, as well as other requirements. The Company monitors the business and transactions that may potentially impact its REIT status. If it fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, without the benefit of certain relief provisions, it will be subject to U.S. federal and state income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate rates.

Income Taxes

Prior to 2015, income taxes were accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities were recognized for future tax consequences and were attributable to (1) differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax bases, and (2) net operating losses. A valuation allowance was established for uncertainties relating to realization of deferred tax assets. As a result of the REIT election at December 31, 2015, the Company reversed a deferred tax asset of $726,017 and associated valuation allowance related to its REIT activities.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all demand deposits, money market accounts and all short term investments with a maturity of three months or less, at the date of purchase, to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents at financial institutions. The account balance may periodically exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance coverage and, as a result, there could be a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance coverage. The Company believes that the risk will not be significant, as the Company does not anticipate the financial institutions’ non-performance.

Valuation of Accounts and Rents Receivable

The Company takes into consideration certain factors that require judgments to be made as to the collectability of receivables. Collectability factors taken into consideration are the amounts outstanding and payment history of the tenant, which taken as a whole determines the valuation.

Capitalization and Depreciation Policies

Real estate acquisitions are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Improvements and betterment costs are capitalized and ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

Expenditures over $2,500, which improve or extend the life of an asset and have a useful life of greater than one year, are capitalized. The threshold for capitalization does not apply to appliances as all appliances are capitalized. Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method. Cost capitalization and the estimate of useful lives require judgment and include significant estimates that can and do change. The Company anticipates the estimated useful lives of its assets by class to be generally:

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2017

 

 

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs are amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest method, over the term of the related agreement as a component of interest expense. These costs are reported as a direct deduction to the Company’s outstanding mortgages payable.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company estimates fair value using available market information and valuation methodologies it believes to be appropriate for these purposes. Considerable judgment and a high degree of subjectivity are involved in developing these estimates and, accordingly, they will not necessarily be indicative of amounts that would be realized upon disposition.

The Company defines fair value based on the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company has established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value. The fair value hierarchy will consist of three broad levels, which are described below:

 

Offering and Organization Costs

Costs associated with the Offering (see Note 3 – “Equity”) are deferred and charged against the gross proceeds of the Offering upon the sale of shares. Formation and organizational costs were expensed as incurred.

Distribution and Stockholder Servicing Fee

The Company pays a distribution and stockholder servicing fee equal to 1.0% per annum of the purchase price per share (or, once reported, the amount of its estimated value per share) for each Class T Share and Class T-3 Share sold in its Offering. The aggregate amount of underwriting compensation for Class T Shares and Class T-3 Shares including the distribution and stockholder servicing fee cannot exceed the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority’s 10% cap on underwriting compensation. The fee is on-going and is not paid at the time of purchase and is paid monthly in arrears. Prior to January 1, 2016, the Company adopted original industry accounting guidance which accounted for this fee as a charge to equity on a periodic basis as it became contractually due and payable,

in the application of accounting for the distribution and stockholder servicing fee.  

 

In accordance with the new guidance, beginning in 2016, the Company accounted for the fee as a charge to equity at the time each Class T Share and Class T-3 Share was sold in its Offering and recorded a corresponding payable in due to related parties. At December 31, 2017 the unpaid fee equal to $551,298 was recorded in due to related parties in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2017

 

Revenue Recognition

Residential properties are leased under operating leases with terms of generally one year or less. Rental revenues from residential leases are recognized on the straight-line method over the approximate life of the leases, which is generally one year. The recognition of rental revenues from residential leases when earned has historically not been materially different from rental revenues recognized on a straight-line basis.

Under the terms of residential leases, the residents of the Company’s residential communities are obligated to reimburse the Company for certain utility usage, water and electricity, where the Company is the primary obligor to the public utility entity. These utility reimbursements from residents are reflected as other property income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Equity Based Compensation

The Company has restricted shares outstanding at December 31, 2017. The Company recognizes expense related to the fair value of equity based compensation awards as general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognizes expense based on the fair value at the grant date on a straight-line basis over the vesting period representing the requisite service period. See Note 7 - "Equity Based Compensation" for further information.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. The new update will require that amounts described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included in beginning and ending-of-period reconciliation of cash shown on the statement of cash flows. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not believe that ASU No. 2016-18 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. ASU No. 2016-02 supersedes the previous leases standard, Leases (Topic 840). The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company has identified its lease revenues and non-lease revenues under the guidance. Additionally, only incremental direct leasing costs may be capitalized under this new guidance, which is consistent with the Company’s existing policies. The Company expects to adopt the guidance on a modified retrospective basis and upon adoption of the Leases guidance, non-lease components of new, extended or modified leases, including common area maintenance reimbursements, will be accounted for under the Revenue from Contracts with Customers guidance as described below.

 

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective, although it will not affect the accounting for rental related revenues. The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. Once ASU No. 2016-02 becomes effective, the new revenue standard will apply to certain executory costs and other non-lease components even though the revenue for such activities is not separately stipulated in the tenant’s lease. The Company has evaluated the specific revenue streams that could be most significantly impacted by this ASU and expects that the revenue recognition from these activities and other miscellaneous income will be generally consistent with current recognition methods, and therefore does not expect material changes to the consolidated financial statements as a result of adoption. Common area reimbursements to be impacted by ASU No. 2014-09 will not be addressed until the Company's adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, considering its revisions to accounting for common area maintenance described above. The Company anticipates using the cumulative effect transition method to implement the ASU.

 

 

NOTE 3 – EQUITY

 

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2017

 

The Company commenced an offering of shares of Class A common stock, $.001 par value per share (“Class A Shares”) and shares of Class T common stock, $.001 par value per share (“Class T Shares”) on February 17, 2015 (the “Offering”) and, effective February 2, 2017, the Company reallocated certain of the remaining shares offered in the Offering to offer shares of Class T-3 common stock, $.001 par value per share (“Class T-3 Shares”). The Company ceased accepting subscription agreements dated after December 31, 2017 and terminated the Offering on January 3, 2018.

 

Excluding proceeds from the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan (as amended, the “DRP”), the Company generated gross proceeds of $8,227,202, $2,556,509 and $5,819,271 from sales of its Class A Shares, Class T Shares and Class T-3 Shares, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2017, the Company had 1,479,155 Class A Shares, 404,069 Class T Shares and 243,346 Class T-3 Shares outstanding, respectively.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company declared cash distributions of $2,137,475, paid total distributions of $2,060,823 and issued stock dividends of 22,384 shares to stockholders.  For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company declared cash distributions of $1,008,178, paid total distributions of $894,709 and issued stock dividends of 7,777 shares to stockholders.

 

The Company provides the following programs to facilitate additional investment in the Company’s shares and to provide limited liquidity for stockholders.

 

Distribution Reinvestment Plan

 

The Company provides stockholders with the option to purchase additional shares from the Company by automatically reinvesting cash distributions through the DRP, subject to certain share ownership restrictions. For participants in the DRP, cash distributions paid on Class A Shares, Class T Shares and Class T-3 Shares, as applicable, are used to purchase Class A Shares, Class T Shares and Class T-3 Shares, respectively. Such purchases under the DRP are not subject to selling commissions, dealer manager fees, distribution and stockholder servicing fees or reimbursement of issuer costs in connection with shares of common stock issued through the DRP. The price per share for shares of common stock purchased under the DRP were made initially at a price of $23.75, $22.81 and $22.81 per Class A Share, Class T Share and Class T-3 Share, respectively, until February 5, 2018 when the Company reported estimated per share net asset values of its common stock.  Accordingly, under the DRP, beginning with the February 2018 distribution payment made to stockholders in March 2018 until the Company announces new estimated per share net asset values, distributions may be reinvested for shares of common stock at a price equal to $23.15 per Class A Share, $24.32 per Class T Share and $23.55 per Class T-3 Share.  

 

Distributions reinvested through the DRP were $1,088,899, $438,463 and $1,457 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

 

Share Repurchase Program

 

Under the share repurchase program (as amended, the “SRP”), the Company is authorized, in its discretion, to purchase shares from stockholders who purchased their shares from the Company or received their shares through a non-cash transfer and who have held their shares for at least one year, if requested. Subject to funds being available, the Company limits the number of shares repurchased during any calendar year to 5% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding on December 31st of the previous calendar year. Funding for the SRP is limited to the proceeds that the Company receives from the DRP during the same period. In the case of repurchases made upon the death of a stockholder or qualifying disability, as defined in the SRP, neither the one year holding period, the limit regarding funds available from the DRP nor the 5% limit applies. The SRP will immediately terminate if the Company’s shares become listed for trading on a national securities exchange. In addition, the Company’s board of directors, in its sole direction, may, at any time, amend, suspend or terminate the SRP.

 

Repurchases through the SRP were $173,558 in the year ended December 31, 2017. There were no repurchases through the SRP for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.

 

 

NOTE 4 – ACQUISITIONS

2017 Acquisitions

 

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2017

 

 

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiaries, acquired the real estate properties listed above from unaffiliated third parties. The Commons at Town Center was financed by entering into a seven-year mortgage loan for $13,800,000 and an eight-month note payable for $9,200,000. Verandas at Mitylene was funded with the proceeds of a ten-year mortgage loan for approximately $21,930,000 and offering proceeds of approximately $14,700,000. The acquisitions were accounted for as asset acquisitions. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company incurred $338,818 of total acquisition costs, $249,615 of which were capitalized as the acquisition of net real estate in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and $89,203 of acquisition, dead deal and transaction related costs that are recorded in acquisition related costs in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

 

For properties acquired during the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded total net loss of $1,162,843 and property net loss of $133,262.

 

The following table presents certain additional information regarding the Company’s acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2017. The amounts recognized for major assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date are as follows:

 

2016 Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company did not acquire any real estate properties.

The Company incurred $29,607 and $1,247,622 during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, of acquisition, dead deal and transaction related costs.  These costs include third party due diligence costs such as appraisals, environmental studies, and legal fees as well as acquisition fees and time and travel expense reimbursements to the Sponsor and its affiliates.

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2017

 

NOTE 5 – ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The following table summarizes the Company’s identified intangible assets and liabilities:

 

The portion of the purchase price allocated to acquired in-place lease value is amortized on a straight-line basis over the acquired leases’ weighted average remaining term. As of December 31, 2017, the weighted average amortization period for acquired in-place lease intangibles is 1.3 years.

Amortization pertaining to acquired in- place lease value is summarized below:

 

Estimated amortization of the respective intangible lease assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017 for each of the five succeeding years and thereafter is as follows:

 

 

NOTE 6 – MORTGAGES AND NOTE PAYABLE, NET

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had the following mortgages payable:  

 

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2017

 

 

The Company estimates the fair value of its total debt by discounting the future cash flows of each instrument at rates currently offered for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities by the Company’s lenders using Level 3 inputs.  The carrying value of the Company’s debt excluding unamortized debt issuance costs was $66,680,000 and $27,450,000 as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and its estimated fair value was $65,281,610 and $26,957,385 as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Mortgages

The mortgage loans require compliance with certain covenants such as debt service ratios, investment restrictions and distribution limitations.  As of December 31, 2017, the Company is in compliance with all financial covenants related to its mortgage loans.

Note Payable

The note payable has customary affirmative, negative and financial covenants, agreements, representations, warranties and borrowing conditions including various customary events of default. The Sponsor has agreed to guarantee the obligations or liabilities of the Company’s subsidiary to lender under the note payable. The Company has not paid, and will not pay, any fees or other consideration to the Sponsor for this guarantee. As of December 31, 2017, the Company is in compliance with all financial covenants related to the note payable.

As of December 31, 2017, scheduled principal payments and maturities on the Company’s mortgages and note payable were as follows:

 

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2017

 

 

The weighted average years to maturity for the Company’s debt is 6.89 years.

 

NOTE 7 – EQUITY BASED COMPENSATION

In accordance with the Company’s Employee and Director Incentive Restricted Share Plan (the “RSP”), restricted shares are issued to non-employee directors as compensation.

Under the RSP, restricted shares generally vest over a one to three year vesting period from the date of the grant based on the specific terms of the grant.  The grant-date value of the restricted shares is amortized over the vesting period representing the requisite service period.  At vesting, any restrictions on the shares lapse. The number of shares that may be issued under the RSP is limited to 5% of outstanding shares.  Compensation expense associated with the director restricted shares is included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.  Compensation expense under the RSP was $12,362, $9,224 and $3,438 in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had $12,894 and $10,255, respectively, of unrecognized compensation expense related to the unvested restricted share awards. The weighted average remaining period that compensation expense related to non-vested restricted shares will be recognized is 1.46 years. A summary of the status of the restricted shares is presented below:

 

 

NOTE 8 – INCOME TAX AND DISTRIBUTIONS

 

The Company has qualified and has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with the tax year ending December 31, 2015.  As a result, the Company generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on taxable income that is distributed to stockholders. A REIT is subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it annually distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, subject to certain adjustments and excluding any net capital gain, to its stockholders. Subsequently, if the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, without the benefit of certain relief provisions, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income at the corporate tax rate.  Even if the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, the Company may be subject to certain state and local taxes on its income, property or net worth and U.S. federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed income. The Company had no uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. The Company expects no significant increases in uncertain tax positions due to changes in tax positions within one year of December 31, 2017. The Company has no interest or penalties relating to income taxes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.  As of December 31, 2017, the tax returns for the calendar years 2017 through 2014 remain subject to examination by U.S. and various state and local tax jurisdictions.

 

As a result of the REIT election at December 31, 2015, the Company reversed a deferred tax asset of $726,017 and associated valuation allowance related to its REIT activities. Generally, as a REIT, the Company will not pay U.S. federal income tax at the REIT level (including its qualified REIT subsidiaries), but instead a dividends paid deduction will generally offset its taxable income. As a result, while the Company will still be permitted to use net operating losses, subject to certain limitations, to offset its REIT taxable income, the Company does not expect to pay income taxes on its REIT taxable income, and therefore does not expect to be able to realize such deferred tax assets and liabilities.

 

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2017

 

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company paid and declared the following cash distributions and issued the following stock dividends:

 

 

For income tax purposes only, 100% of the cash distributions to the Class A stockholders, Class T stockholders and Class T-3 stockholders will be treated as nondividend distributions (which are treated for income tax purposes as a return of capital to the extent of a stockholder’s basis in its shares and thereafter as capital gain) and none will be treated as ordinary dividends or capital gain. All stock dividends issued will be treated as non-taxable distributions to the recipient stockholder.

NOTE 9 – EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) are computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period (the “common shares”). Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the common shares plus common share equivalents. The Company excludes antidilutive restricted shares from the calculation of weighted-average shares for diluted EPS. As a result of a net loss for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, 919, 419 and 486 shares were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS, respectively, because they would have been antidilutive. The Company does not apply the two-class method for calculating EPS as its share classes only differ on the timing of its payment of selling commissions, dealer manager fees and distribution and stockholder servicing fees.

NOTE 10 – SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company has one reportable segment, multi-family real estate, as defined by U.S. GAAP for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

 

NOTE 11 – TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES

The Sponsor invested $200,000 by purchasing 8,000 shares of common stock which were subsequently converted into 8,000 Class A Shares. On September 9, 2015, the Company sold 87,680.842 Class A Shares to the Sponsor for an aggregate purchase price of $2,000,000, or $22.81 per share.

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2017

 

The following table summarizes the Company’s related party transactions for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

 

 

 

 

 

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2017

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NOTE 12 – OPERATING LEASES

The Company’s residential lease terms are generally for twelve months or less. The retail lease terms range from 1 to 4 years. Minimum lease payments to be received under retail operating leases as of December 31, 2017 for the years indicated, assuming no expiring leases are renewed, are as follows:

 

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2017

 

 

NOTE 13 – QUARTERLY SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)

The following represents the results of operations, for each quarterly period, during 2017 and 2016.

 

 

 

NOTE 14 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

Note Payable

 

The Company paid in full the outstanding balance of its note payable and accrued interest in January 2018.

 

Cash distributions

The Company’s board of directors declared cash distributions payable to stockholders of record of Class A, Class T and Class T-3 Shares each day beginning on the close of business December 1, 2017 through the close of business June 30, 2018. Through February 28, 2018, distributions were declared in a daily amount equal to $0.003424658 per Class A Share, $0.002768493 per Class T Share and $0.003306849 per Class T-3 Share, based on a 365-day period. From March 1 through March 31, 2018, distributions were declared in a daily amount equal to $0.003424658 per Class A Share, $0.002758488 per Class T Share and $0.003323017 per Class T-3 Share, based on a 365-day period.  From April 1 through June 30, 2018, distributions were declared in a daily amount equal to $0.003424658 per Class A Share, $0.002758356 per Class T Share and $0.003306849 per Class T-3 Share, based on a 365 day period. Distributions were paid monthly in arrears as follows:

 

 

 

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INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

Schedule III

Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2017

 

 

Notes:

(A) The initial cost to the Company represents the original purchase price of the property.

(B) The aggregate cost of real estate owned at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 for U.S. federal income tax purposes was $106,875,120, $47,020,129 and $46,975,000, respectively (unaudited).

(C) Reconciliation of real estate owned:

 

 

(D) Reconciliation of accumulated depreciation:

 

 

 

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management has evaluated, with the participation of the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the principal executive and principal financial officers have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f).  Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officers, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework 2013 issued by the COSO, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2017.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to permanent rules adopted by the SEC, permitting the Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

 

 

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Part III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by this Item will be presented in our definitive proxy statement for our 2018 annual meeting of stockholders which we anticipate filing with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year, and is incorporated by reference into this Item 10.

We have adopted a code of ethics, which is available on our website free of charge at inland-investments.com/inland-residential-trust. We will provide the code of ethics free of charge upon request to our investor services group.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this Item will be presented in our definitive proxy statement for our 2018 annual meeting of stockholders which we anticipate filing with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year, and is incorporated by reference into this Item 11.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by this Item will be presented in our definitive proxy statement for our 2018 annual meeting of stockholders which we anticipate filing with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year and is incorporated by reference into this Item 12.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this Item will be presented in our definitive proxy statement for our 2018 annual meeting of stockholders which we anticipate filing with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year and is incorporated by reference into this Item 13.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by this Item will be presented in our definitive proxy statement for our 2018 annual meeting of stockholders which we anticipate filing with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year, and is incorporated by reference into this Item 14.

 

 

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Part IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The consolidated financial statements of the Company are set forth in the report in Item 8.

Financial statement schedule for the year ended December 31, 2017 is submitted herewith.

Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation (Schedule III).

The list of exhibits filed as part of this Annual Report is set forth on the Exhibit Index attached hereto.

The exhibits filed in response to Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed on the Exhibit Index attached hereto.

All schedules other than those indicated in the index as set forth in Item 8 have been omitted as the required information is inapplicable or the information is presented in the consolidated financial statements or related notes.

 

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

67

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68

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69

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70

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71

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

INLAND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST, INC.

 

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

 

 

 

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