UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-K

 

For the Fiscal Year Ended: December 31, 2017

OR

For the transition period from                      To                     

Commission File Number: 001-36834

 

EASTERLY GOVERNMENT PROPERTIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (202) 595-9500

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:

Title of each class

None

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    YES  ☐    NO  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    YES ☒     NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (Section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐    

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    YES  ☐    NO  ☒

As of February 21, 2018, there were 44,968,106 of the registrant’s shares of common stock outstanding.

As of June 30, 2017, the aggregate market value of the shares of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $796.1 million based on the closing sale price of $20.95 as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2017. For this computation, the registrant has excluded the market value of all shares of common stock reported as beneficially owned by executive officers and directors of the registrant; such exclusion shall not be deemed to constitute an admission that any such person is an affiliate of the registrant.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Annual Stockholders’ Meeting to be filed within 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

 

 

 

 

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PART I

Forward Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We caution investors that forward-looking statements are based on management’s beliefs and on assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “may”, “might”, “plan”, “project”, “result”, “should”, “will”, and similar expressions which do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance, which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties, and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated, or projected. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on forward-looking statements, which are based on results and trends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends.

Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

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While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. For further information on these and other factors that could affect us and the statements contained herein, you should refer to the section below entitled “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

Revision of Previously Reported Consolidated Financial Statements

In connection with the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company identified an error in the estimated useful life utilized to amortize certain assets associated with three properties contributed at the time of the initial public offering in the first quarter of 2015. As a result of the error, Depreciation and amortization expense had been overstated and thereby Real estate properties, net, Intangible assets, net and Equity were understated. The Company concluded that the amounts are not material to any of its previously issued consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, the Company has revised these balances in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2016 and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. For more information on this revision, see Note 2 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, “Revision of Previously Reported Consolidated Financial Statements” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 1. Business

General

References to “Easterly,” “we,” “our,” “us” and “our company” refer to Easterly Government Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, together with our consolidated subsidiaries including Easterly Government Properties LP, a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to herein as our operating partnership.

We are an internally managed real estate investment trust, or REIT, focused primarily on the acquisition, development and management of Class A commercial properties that are leased to U.S. Government agencies that serve essential functions. We generate substantially all of our revenue by leasing our properties to such agencies either directly or through the U.S. General Services Administration (“GSA”). Our objective is to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders over the long term through dividends and capital appreciation.

As of December 31, 2017, we wholly owned 46 operating properties in the United States that are 100% leased, including 44 operating properties that are leased primarily to U.S. Government tenant agencies and two operating properties that are entirely leased to private tenants, encompassing approximately 3.7 million square feet in the aggregate. In addition, we wholly owned three properties under development that we expect to encompass approximately 0.3 million square feet upon completion. We focus on acquiring, developing and managing U.S. Government-leased properties that are essential to supporting the mission of the tenant agency and strive to be a partner of choice for the U.S. Government, working with the tenant agency to meet its needs and objectives.

We were incorporated in Maryland as a corporation on October 9, 2014 and did not have any meaningful operations until the completion of our initial public offering and related formation transactions on February 11, 2015. See Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information on our initial public offering and related formation transactions.

Our operating partnership holds substantially all of our assets and conducts substantially all of our business. We are the sole general partner of and own approximately 84.4% of the aggregate operating partnership units in our operating partnership. We believe that we have operated and have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT for U.S federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2015.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe that we distinguish ourselves from other owners and operators of office and other commercial properties, including properties leased to the U.S. Government, through the following competitive strengths:

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Business & Growth Strategies

Our objective is to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders over the long term through dividends and capital appreciation. We pursue the following strategies to achieve these goals:

Employees

As of December 31, 2017 we had 30 employees. None of our employees are represented by a collective bargaining agreement. We believe that our relationship with our employees is good.

Financial Information about Industry Segments

Our principal business is the ownership and operation of Class A commercial properties that are leased to U.S. Government agencies. We do not distinguish or group our operations on a geographical basis when measuring performance. Accordingly, we believe we have a single reportable segment for disclosure purposes in accordance with GAAP.

Significant Tenants

Substantially all of our current rents come from U.S. Government tenant agencies. As of December 31, 2017, our U.S. Government tenant agencies accounted for 98.7% of our annualized lease income. For further information on the composition of our tenant base, see “Item 2. Properties.”

Insurance

We carry comprehensive general liability coverage on all of our properties, with limits of liability customary within the industry to insure against liability claims and related defense costs. Similarly, we are insured against the risk of direct physical damage in amounts necessary to reimburse us on a replacement-cost basis for costs incurred to repair or rebuild each property, including loss of rental income during the reconstruction period. The majority of our property policies include coverage for the perils of flood and earthquake shock with limits and deductibles customary in the industry and specific to the property. We also generally obtain title insurance policies when

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acquiring new properties, which insure fee title to our real properties. We currently have coverage for losses incurred in connection with both domestic and foreign terrorist-related activities. While we do carry commercial general liability insurance, property insurance and terrorism insurance with respect to our properties, these policies include limits and terms we consider commercially reasonable. There are certain losses that are not insured, in full or in part, because they are either uninsurable or the cost of insurance makes it, in our belief, economically impractical to maintain such coverage. Should an uninsured loss arise against us, we would be required to use our own funds to resolve the issue, including litigation costs. We believe the policy specifications and insured limits are adequate given the relative risk of loss, the cost of the coverage and industry practice and, in the opinion of our management, the properties in our portfolio are adequately insured.

Competition

We compete with numerous developers, real estate companies and other owners of commercial properties for acquisitions and pursuing buyers for dispositions. We expect that other real estate investors, including insurance companies, private equity funds, sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, other REITs and other well-capitalized investors will compete with us to acquire existing properties and to develop new properties. In addition, U.S. Government tenants are viewed as desirable tenants by other landlords because of their strong credit profile, and properties leased to U.S. Government tenant agencies often attract many potential buyers. This competition could increase prices for properties of the type we may pursue and adversely affect our profitability and impede our growth. In addition, substantially all of our properties face competition for tenants. Some competing properties may be newer, better located or more attractive to tenants. Competing properties may have lower rates of occupancy than our properties, which may result in competing owners offering available space at lower rents than we offer at our properties. This competition may affect our ability to attract and retain tenants, may reduce the rents we are able to charge and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Regulation

Environmental and Related Matters

Under various federal, state or local laws, ordinances and regulations, as a current or former owner or operator of real property, we may be liable for costs and damages resulting from the presence or release of hazardous substances, waste, or petroleum products at, on, in, under or from such property, including costs for investigation or remediation, natural resource damages, or third-party liability for personal injury or property damage. These laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence or release of such materials, and the liability may be joint and several. Some of our properties may be impacted by contamination arising from current or prior uses of the property or adjacent properties for commercial, industrial or other purposes. Such contamination may arise from spills of petroleum or hazardous substances or releases from tanks used to store such materials. We also may be liable for the costs of remediating contamination at off-site disposal or treatment facilities when we arrange for disposal or treatment of hazardous substances at such facilities, without regard to whether we comply with environmental laws in doing so. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination on our properties may adversely affect our ability to attract or retain tenants and our ability to develop or sell or borrow against those properties.

In addition to potential liability for cleanup costs, private plaintiffs may bring claims for personal injury, property damage or for similar reasons. Environmental laws also may create liens on contaminated sites in favor of the U.S. Government for damages and costs it incurs to address such contamination. Moreover, if contamination is discovered on our properties, environmental laws may impose restrictions on the manner in which that property may be used or how businesses may be operated on that property.

Some of our properties are, and may be adjacent to or near other properties, used for industrial or commercial purposes. These properties may have contained or currently contain underground storage tanks used to store petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances. Releases from these properties could impact our properties. While certain properties contain or contained uses that could have or have impacted our properties, we are not aware of any liabilities related to environmental contamination that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our operations.

In addition, our properties are subject to various federal, state and local environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. Noncompliance with these environmental and health and safety laws and regulations could subject us or our tenants to liability. These liabilities could affect a tenant’s ability to make rental payments to us. Moreover, changes in laws could increase the potential costs of compliance with such laws and regulations or increase liability for noncompliance. This may result in significant unanticipated expenditures or may otherwise materially and adversely affect our operations, or those of our tenants, which could in turn have a material adverse effect on us. We sometimes require our private tenants to comply with environmental and health and safety laws and regulations and to indemnify us for any related liabilities in our leases with them. But in the event of the bankruptcy or inability of any of our tenants to satisfy such obligations, we may be required to satisfy such obligations. We are not presently aware of any instances of material noncompliance with environmental or health and safety laws or regulations at our properties, and we

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believe that we and/or our tenants have all material permits and approvals necessary under current laws and regulations to operate our properties.

In recent years, in reaction to the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the U.S. Government has instituted “green lease” policies that include the “Promotion of Energy Efficiency and Use of Renewable Energy” as one of the factors it considers when leasing property.  The U.S. Government’s “green lease” initiative permits U.S. Government tenants to require LEED-CI certification in selecting new premises or renewing leases at existing premises. Obtaining such certification may be costly and time consuming. There are currently 15 properties in our portfolio that have achieved a total of 16 LEED certifications. For more information, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

With respect to properties we develop or may in the future develop, we may be subject to various local, state and federal statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations concerning zoning, building design, construction and similar matters, including local regulations that impose restrictive zoning requirements. In addition, we will be subject to registration and filing requirements in connection with these developments in certain states and localities in which we operate even if all necessary U.S. Government approvals have been obtained. We may also be subject to periodic delays or may be precluded entirely from developing properties due to building moratoriums that could be implemented in the future in certain states in which we intend to operate.

Americans with Disabilities Act

Our properties must comply with Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, or ADA, to the extent that such properties are “public accommodations” as defined by the ADA. The ADA may require removal of structural barriers to access by persons with disabilities in certain public areas of our properties where such removal is readily achievable. We believe the existing properties are in substantial compliance with the ADA and that we will not be required to make substantial capital expenditures to address the requirements of the ADA. However, noncompliance with the ADA could result in imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. The obligation to make readily achievable accommodations is an ongoing one, and we will continue to assess our properties and to make alterations as appropriate in this respect.

REIT Qualification

We believe that we have operated and have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT for U.S federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2015. So long as we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on net taxable income that we distribute annually to our stockholders. In order to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the real estate qualification of sources of our income, the composition and values of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the diversity of ownership of our stock. In order to comply with REIT requirements, we may need to forego otherwise attractive opportunities and limit our expansion opportunities and the manner in which we conduct our operations. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

Corporate Headquarters

Our principal executive offices are located at 2101 L Street NW, Suite 650 Washington, DC 20037, and our telephone number is 202-595-9500.

Available Information

Our website address is www.easterlyreit.com. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference herein and is not a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We make available free of charge on our website or provide a link on our website to our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, including exhibits and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after those reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. We also make available through our website other reports filed with or furnished to the SEC under the Exchange Act, including our proxy statements and reports filed by officers and directors under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act. To access these filings, go to the “Investor Relations” portion of our “Financial Information” page on our website, and then click on “SEC Filings.” You may also read and copy any document we file at the SEC’s Public Reference Room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549. Call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room. In addition, these reports and the other documents we file with the SEC are available at a website maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

The following risk factors and other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K should be carefully considered. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones that we may face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we may currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows could be affected adversely.

Risks Related to Real Estate

We depend on the U.S. Government and its agencies for substantially all of our revenues and any failure by the U.S. Government and its agencies to perform their obligations under their leases or renew their leases upon expiration could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Substantially all of our current rents come from U.S. Government tenant agencies. As of December 31, 2017, our U.S. Government tenant agencies accounted for 98.7% of our annualized lease income. We expect that leases to agencies of the U.S. Government will continue to be the primary source of our revenues for the foreseeable future. Due to such concentration, any failure by the U.S. Government to perform its obligations under its leases or a failure to renew its leases upon expiration, could cause interruptions in the receipt of lease revenue or result in vacancies, or both, which would reduce our revenue until the affected properties are leased, and could decrease the ultimate value of the affected property upon sale and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Some of our leases with U.S. Government tenant agencies permit the tenant agency to vacate the property and discontinue paying rent prior to their lease expiration date.

Some of our leases are currently in the soft-term period of the lease and tenants under such leases have the right to vacate their space during a specified period before the stated terms of their leases expire. As of December 31, 2017, tenants occupying approximately 12.8% of our rentable square feet and contributing approximately 11.4% of our annualized lease income currently have exercisable rights to terminate their leases before the stated soft term of their lease expires. For fiscal policy reasons, security concerns or other reasons, some or all of our U.S. Government tenant agencies under leases within the soft-term period may decide to exercise their termination rights before the stated term of their lease expires. Such events, if they were to occur and we were not able to lease the vacant space to another tenant in a timely manner or at all, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be unable to renew leases or lease vacating space on favorable terms or at all as leases expire, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As of December 31, 2017, leases representing approximately 27.9% of our total annualized lease income and approximately 27.7% of the square footage of the properties in our portfolio will expire by the end of 2020. We may be unable to renew such expiring leases or our properties may not be released at net effective rental rates equal to or above the current average net effective rental rates.

In addition, when we renew leases or lease to new tenants, especially U.S. Government tenant agencies, we may spend substantial amounts for leasing commissions, tenant fit-outs or other tenant inducements. As part of our strategy, we may design build-to-suit property improvements designed to enhance the agency’s mission-critical capabilities. Because these properties have been designed or physically modified to meet the needs of a particular tenant agency, if the current lease is terminated or not renewed, we may be required to renovate the property at substantial costs, decrease the rent we intend to charge or provide other concessions in order to lease the property to another tenant, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are exposed to risks associated with property development and redevelopment, including new developments for anticipated tenant agencies and build-to-suit renovations for existing tenant agencies.

As of December 31, 2017, we have three properties under development.  We intend to continue to engage in development and redevelopment activities with respect to our properties, including build-to-suit renovations for existing U.S. Government tenant agencies and new developments for anticipated tenant agencies and will be subject to certain risks, which could adversely affect us, including our financial condition and results of operations. These risks include:

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These risks could result in substantial unanticipated delays or expenses and could prevent the initiation or the completion of development and renovation activities, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on the members of our senior management team and the loss of any of their services, or an inability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our senior management team is comprised of six individuals with experience in identifying, acquiring, developing, financing and managing U.S. Government-leased assets and has developed long-term relationships across the commercial real estate industry, including at all levels of the GSA and at numerous government agencies. Each of these individuals brings specialized knowledge and skills in the U.S. Government-leased property sector. The loss of services of one or more of these members of our senior management team, or our inability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and weaken our relationships with lenders, business partners, industry participants, the GSA and U.S. Government agencies.

Unfavorable market and economic conditions in the United States and globally could adversely affect occupancy levels, rental rates, rent collections, operating expenses and the overall market value of our assets and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Unfavorable market conditions in the geographic markets in which we operate and unfavorable economic conditions in the United States and globally may significantly affect our occupancy levels, rental rates, rent collections, operating expenses, the market value of our assets and our ability to strategically acquire, dispose of, recapitalize or refinance our properties on economically favorable terms or at all. Our ability to lease our properties at favorable rates may be adversely affected by increases in supply of office space and is dependent upon overall economic conditions, which are adversely affected by, among other things, job losses and unemployment levels, recession, stock market volatility and uncertainty about the future. Some of our major expenses, including mortgage payments and real estate taxes, generally do not decline when related rents decline. Any declines in our occupancy levels, rental revenues or the values of our buildings would cause us to have less cash available to pay our indebtedness, fund necessary capital expenditures and make distributions to our stockholders, which could negatively affect our financial condition and the market value of our common stock. Our business may be affected by the volatility and illiquidity in the financial and credit markets, a general global economic recession and other market or economic challenges experienced by the real estate industry or the U.S. economy as a whole.

Our business may also be adversely affected by local economic conditions in the areas in which we operate. Factors that may affect our occupancy levels, our rental revenues, our net operating income, our Funds From Operations or the value of our properties include the following, among others:

Our properties are leased to a limited number of U.S. Government tenant agencies, and a change to any of these agencies’ missions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As of December 31, 2017, three of our U.S. Government tenant agencies, the DEA, VA, and FBI, accounted for an aggregate of approximately 45.6% of our total rentable square feet and an aggregate of approximately 50.2% of our total annualized lease income. Each U.S. Government agency has its own customs, procedures, culture, needs and mission, which translate into different requirements for its leased space, and we work with the tenant agency to design and construct specialized, agency-specific enhancements. In addition, under the terms of our GSA leases, the GSA generally has the right to designate another U.S. Government agency to occupy all or a portion of the leased property. A change in the structure, mission, or leasing requirements of any one of our U.S. Government tenant agencies, a significant reduction in the agency’s workforce, a relocation of personnel resources, other internal

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reorganization or a change in the tenant agency occupying the leased space, could affect our lease renewal opportunities and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We currently have a concentration of properties located in California and are exposed to changes in market conditions and natural disasters in this state.

Fourteen of our 46 operating properties are located in California, accounting for approximately 25.8% of our total rentable square feet and approximately 33.3% of our total annualized lease income as of December 31, 2017. We also own two properties under development that are also located in California. As a result of this concentration, a material portion of our portfolio may be exposed to the effects of economic and real estate conditions in California markets, such as the supply of competing properties, general levels of employment and economic activity. In addition, historically, California has been vulnerable to natural disasters and we are therefore susceptible to the risks of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, wildfires, floods and mudslides. To the extent that weak economic or real estate conditions or natural disasters affect California, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted.

We are subject to risks from natural disasters and climate change.

Natural disasters and severe weather such as earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes or floods may result in significant damage to our properties. The extent of our casualty losses and loss in operating income in connection with such events is a function of the severity of the event and the total amount of exposure in the affected area. When we have geographic concentration of exposures, a single catastrophe, such as an earthquake affecting our properties in California, or destructive weather event, such as a tornado affecting our properties in Nebraska, may have a significant negative effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. As a result, our operating and financial results may vary significantly from one period to the next. Our financial results may be adversely affected by our exposure to losses arising from natural disasters or severe weather. We also are exposed to risks associated with inclement winter weather, particularly on the Atlantic coast, a region in which some of our properties are located, including increased need for maintenance and repair of our buildings.

As a result of climate change, we may also experience extreme weather and changes in precipitation and temperature, all of which may result in physical damage or decreased demand and increase the cost of insurance for our properties located in the areas affected by these conditions. Should the impact of climate change be material in nature, our financial condition or results of operations would be adversely affected. In addition, changes in federal and state legislation and regulation on climate change could result in increased capital expenditures to improve the energy efficiency of our existing properties in order to comply with such regulations.

A U.S. Government tenant agency could institute condemnation proceedings against us and seek to take our property, or a leasehold interest therein, through its power of eminent domain.

A U.S. Government tenant agency could institute condemnation proceedings against us and seek to take our property, or a leasehold interest therein, through its power of eminent domain. The procedures for settling a dispute with a U.S. Government tenant or seeking to evict a U.S. Government tenant in default may be costly, time consuming and may divert the attention of management from the operations of our business as the process requires first appealing to a U.S. Government assigned contracting officer or through the Civilian Board of Contract Appeals and ultimately before the U.S. Court of Federal Claims. Furthermore, we may not be able to successfully appeal a condemnation proceeding brought by a U.S. Government tenant agency which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

An increase in the amount of U.S. Government-owned real estate may adversely affect us.

If there is a large increase in the amount of U.S. Government-owned real estate, certain U.S. Government tenant agencies may relocate from our properties to U.S. Government-owned real estate at the expiration of their respective leases. Similarly, it may become more difficult for us to renew our leases with U.S. Government tenant agencies when they expire or to locate additional properties that are leased to U.S. Government tenant agencies in order to grow our business. Therefore, an increase in the amount of U.S. Government-owned real estate could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be required to make significant capital expenditures to improve our properties in order to retain and attract tenants, including U.S. Government tenant agencies.

Under our leases, including our leases with U.S. Government tenant agencies, we retain certain obligations with respect to the property, including, among other things, the responsibility for maintenance and repair of the property, the provision of adequate parking, maintenance of common areas, responsibility for capital improvements such as roof replacement and major structural improvements and compliance with other affirmative covenants in the lease. The expenditure of any sums in connection therewith will

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reduce the cash available for distribution and may require us to fund deficits resulting from operating a property. No assurance can be given that we will have funds available to make such repairs or improvements. If we were to fail to meet these obligations, then the applicable tenant could abate rent or terminate the applicable lease, which may result in a loss of capital invested and reduce our anticipated profits which, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Capital and credit market conditions may adversely affect our access to various sources of capital or financing or the cost of capital, which could impact our business activities, dividends, earnings and common stock price, among other things.

In periods when the capital and credit markets experience significant volatility, the amounts, sources and cost of capital available to us may be adversely affected. We primarily use external financing to fund acquisition, development and renovation activities. As of December 31, 2017, we had total indebtedness of approximately $579.7 million including approximately $99.8 million outstanding under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility, $100.0 million outstanding under our $100.0 million unsecured term loan agreement, which we refer to as our senior unsecured term loan facility, and $175.0 million of outstanding fixed rate, senior unsecured notes, which we refer to as our senior unsecured notes. As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately $300.2 million of available borrowing capacity under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility.  If sufficient sources of external financing are not available to us on cost effective terms, we could be forced to limit our acquisition, development and renovation activities or take other actions to fund our business activities and repayment of debt, such as selling assets, reducing our cash dividend or paying out a smaller percentage of our taxable income (subject to the annual distribution requirements applicable to REITs under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code). To the extent that we are able or choose to access capital at a higher cost than we have experienced in recent years, as reflected in higher interest rates for debt financing or a lower stock price for equity financing, our earnings per share and cash flow could be adversely affected. In addition, the price of common stock may fluctuate significantly or decline in a high interest rate or volatile economic environment. If economic conditions deteriorate, the ability of lenders to fulfill their obligations under working capital or other credit facilities that we may have in the future may be adversely impacted.

We may be unable to identify and successfully complete acquisitions and, even if acquisitions are identified and completed, we may fail to successfully operate acquired properties.

We may be unable to acquire additional properties and grow our business and any acquisitions we make may prove unsuccessful. Our ability to identify and acquire properties on favorable terms and successfully operate or renovate them may be exposed to significant risks. Agreements for the acquisition of properties are subject to customary conditions to closing, including completion of due diligence investigations and other conditions that are not within our control that may not be satisfied. In this event, we may be unable to complete an acquisition after incurring certain acquisition-related costs. In addition, if mortgage debt is unavailable at reasonable rates, we may be unable to finance the acquisition on favorable terms in the time period we desire, or at all. We may spend more than budgeted to make necessary improvements or renovations to acquired properties and may not be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage for new properties. Further, acquired properties may be located in markets where we may face risks associated with a lack of market knowledge or understanding of the local economy, lack of business relationships in the area and unfamiliarity with local governmental and permitting procedures. We may also be unable to integrate new acquisitions into our existing operations quickly and efficiently, and as a result, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. Any delay or failure on our part to identify, negotiate, finance and consummate such acquisitions in a timely manner and on favorable terms, or operate acquired properties to meet our financial expectations, could impede our growth and have an adverse effect on us, including our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and the market value of our securities.

Certain of our properties are leased to private tenants and we may be unable to collect balances due from private tenants that file for bankruptcy protection.

If a private tenant or lease guarantor files for bankruptcy, we will become a creditor of such entity, but may not be able to collect all pre-bankruptcy amounts owed by that party. In addition, a tenant that files for bankruptcy protection may terminate its lease with us under federal law, in which event we would have a general unsecured claim against such tenant that would likely be worth less than the full amount owed to us for the remainder of the lease term, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Because our principal tenants are agencies of the U.S. Government, our properties have a higher risk of terrorist attack than similar properties leased to non-governmental tenants.

Terrorist attacks may materially adversely affect our operations, as well as directly or indirectly damage our assets, both physically and financially. Because our principal tenants are, and are expected to continue to be, agencies of the U.S. Government, our properties are presumed to have a higher risk of terrorist attack than similar properties that are leased to non-governmental tenants. Further, some of our properties may be considered “high profile” targets because of the particular U.S. Government tenant (e.g., the

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DEA and FBI). Terrorist attacks, to the extent that these properties are not fully insured, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Competition could limit our ability to acquire attractive investment opportunities and to attract and retain tenants.

We compete with numerous developers, real estate companies and other owners of commercial properties for acquisitions and in pursuing buyers for dispositions. We expect that other real estate investors, including insurance companies, private equity funds, sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, other REITs and other well-capitalized investors will compete with us to acquire existing properties and to develop new properties. Because of their strong credit profile, U.S. Government tenants are viewed as desirable tenants by other landlords and properties leased to U.S. Government tenant agencies often attract many potential buyers. This competition could increase prices for properties of the type we may pursue and adversely affect our profitability and impede our growth. In addition, substantially all of our properties face competition for tenants. Some competing properties may be newer, better located or more attractive to tenants. Competing properties may have lower rates of occupancy than our properties, which may result in competing owners offering available space at lower rents than we offer at our properties. This competition may affect our ability to attract and retain tenants, may reduce the rents we are able to charge and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be subject to increased costs of insurance and limitations on coverage, particularly regarding acts of terrorism.

We maintain comprehensive insurance coverage for general liability, property and other risks on all of our properties, including coverage for acts of terrorism. Future changes in the insurance industry’s risk assessment approach and pricing structure may increase the cost of insuring our properties and decrease the scope of insurance coverage, either of which could adversely affect our financial position and operating results. Most of our loan agreements contain customary covenants requiring us to maintain insurance. We may not be able to obtain an appropriate amount of coverage at reasonable costs, or at all, in the future. In addition, if lenders insist on greater insurance coverage than we are able to obtain, it could adversely affect our ability to finance or refinance our properties and execute our growth strategies, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may become subject to liability relating to environmental and health and safety matters, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Under various federal, state or local laws, ordinances and regulations, as a current or former owner or operator of real property, we may be liable for costs and damages resulting from the presence or release of hazardous substances, waste or petroleum products at, on, in, under or from such property, including costs for investigation or remediation, natural resource damages or third-party liability for personal injury or property damage. These laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence or release of such materials, and the liability may be joint and several. Some of our properties may be impacted by contamination arising from current uses of the property or from adjacent properties used for commercial, industrial or other purposes. Such contamination may arise from spills of petroleum or hazardous substances or releases from tanks used to store such materials. We also may be liable for the costs of remediating contamination at off-site disposal or treatment facilities when we arrange for disposal or treatment of hazardous substances at such facilities, without regard to whether we comply with environmental laws in doing so. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination on our properties may adversely affect our ability to attract or retain tenants and our ability to develop or sell or borrow against those properties. In addition to potential liability for cleanup costs, private plaintiffs may bring claims for personal injury, property damage or for similar reasons. Environmental laws also may create liens on contaminated sites in favor of the U.S. Government for damages and costs it incurs to address such contamination. Moreover, if contamination is discovered on our properties, environmental laws may impose restrictions on the manner in which that property may be used or how businesses may be operated on that property.

Some of our properties are, and may be adjacent to or near other properties, used for industrial or commercial purposes. These properties may have contained or currently contain underground storage tanks used to store petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances. Releases from these properties could impact our properties.

In addition, our properties are subject to various federal, state and local environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. Noncompliance with these environmental and health and safety laws and regulations could subject us or our tenants to liability. These liabilities could affect a commercial tenant’s ability to make rental payments to us. Moreover, changes in laws could increase the potential costs of compliance with such laws and regulations or increase liability for noncompliance. This may result in significant unanticipated expenditures or may otherwise adversely affect our operations, or those of our tenants, which could in turn have an adverse effect on us. As the owner or operator of real property, we may also incur liability based on various building conditions.

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In addition, our properties may contain or develop harmful mold or suffer from other indoor air quality issues. Indoor air quality issues also can stem from inadequate ventilation, chemical contamination from indoor or outdoor sources and other biological contaminants such as pollen, viruses and bacteria. Indoor exposure to airborne toxins or irritants can be alleged to cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. As a result, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants at any of our properties could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold or other airborne contaminants or to increase ventilation. In addition, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants could expose us to liability from our tenants or others if property damage or personal injury occurs.

The costs or liabilities incurred as a result of environmental issues may affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our development activities may be subject to risks relating to various local, state and federal statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations concerning zoning, building design, construction and similar matters, including local regulations that impose restrictive zoning requirements.

Our development activities may be subject to risks relating to various local, state and federal statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations concerning zoning, building design, construction and similar matters, including local regulations that impose restrictive zoning requirements. In addition, we will be subject to registration and filing requirements in connection with these developments in certain states and localities in which we operate even if all necessary U.S. Government approvals have been obtained. We may also be subject to periodic delays or may be precluded entirely from developing properties due to building moratoriums that could be implemented in the future in certain states in which we intend to operate. These risks could result in substantial unanticipated delays or expenses and, under certain circumstances, could prevent completion of development activities once undertaken.

Real estate investments are relatively illiquid and may limit our flexibility.

Equity real estate investments are relatively illiquid, which may tend to limit our ability to react promptly to changes in economic or other market conditions. Our ability to dispose of assets in the future will depend on prevailing economic and market conditions. Our inability to sell our properties on favorable terms or at all could have an adverse effect on our sources of working capital and our ability to satisfy our debt obligations. In addition, real estate can at times be difficult to sell quickly at prices we find acceptable. The Code also imposes restrictions on REITs, which are not applicable to other types of real estate companies, with respect to the disposition of properties. These potential difficulties in selling real estate in our markets may limit our ability to change or reduce the properties in our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions.

Our properties may be subject to impairment charges.

On a quarterly basis, we assess whether there are any indicators that the value of our properties may be impaired. A property’s value is considered to be impaired only if the estimated aggregate future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) to be generated by the property are less than the carrying value of the property. In our estimate of cash flows, we consider factors such as expected future operating income, trends and prospects, the effects of demand, competition and other factors. If we are evaluating the potential sale of an asset or development alternatives, the undiscounted future cash flows analysis considers the most likely course of action at the balance sheet date based on current plans, intended holding periods and available market information. We are required to make subjective assessments as to whether there are impairments in the value of our properties. These assessments may be influenced by factors beyond our control, such as early vacating by a tenant or damage to properties due to earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes and other natural disasters, fire, civil unrest, terrorist acts or acts of war. These assessments may have a direct impact on our earnings because recording an impairment charge results in an immediate negative adjustment to earnings. There can be no assurance that we will not take impairment charges in the future related to the impairment of our properties. Any such impairment could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations in the period in which the charge is taken.

We may from time to time be subject to litigation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be a party to various claims and routine litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these claims or others to which we may be subject from time to time may result in defense costs, settlements, fines or judgments against us, some of which are not, or cannot be, covered by insurance. Payment of any such costs, settlements, fines or judgments that are not insured could have an adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations. In addition, certain litigation or the resolution of certain litigation may affect the availability or cost of some of our insurance coverage, which could adversely impact our results of operations and cash flow, expose us to increased risks that would be uninsured, or adversely impact our ability to attract officers and directors.

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We may be subject to unknown or contingent liabilities related to properties or businesses that we have acquired or may acquire in the future, including as part of the formation transactions related to our initial public offering, for which we may have limited recourse against the sellers.

Assets and entities that we have acquired or may acquire in the future, including as part of the formation transactions related to our initial public offering, may be subject to unknown or contingent liabilities for which we may have limited recourse against the sellers. Unknown or contingent liabilities might include liabilities for clean-up or remediation of environmental conditions, claims of customers, vendors or other persons dealing with the acquired entities, tax liabilities and other liabilities whether incurred in the ordinary course of business or otherwise. In the future we may enter into transactions with limited representations and warranties or with representations and warranties that do not survive the closing of the transactions, in which event we would have no or limited recourse against the sellers of such properties. While we usually require the sellers to indemnify us with respect to breaches of representations and warranties that survive, such indemnification is often limited and subject to various materiality thresholds, a significant deductible or an aggregate cap on losses. As a result, there is no guarantee that we will recover any amounts with respect to losses due to breaches by the sellers of their representations and warranties. In addition, the total amount of costs and expenses that we may incur with respect to liabilities associated with acquired properties and entities may exceed our expectations, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Finally, indemnification agreements between us and the sellers typically provide that the sellers will retain certain specified liabilities relating to the assets and entities acquired by us.

As part of the formation transactions related to our initial public offering, we assumed existing liabilities of contributed operating companies and liabilities in connection with contributed properties, some of which may be unknown or unquantifiable. The indemnification periods for bringing claims against breaches of the representations, warranties and covenants made by each of the contributors to us with respect to the entities and assets that we acquired in the formation transactions has expired. To the extent any liabilities, including tax liabilities are identified in the future, we will likely have no recourse for such liabilities since the indemnification period has expired. Any unknown or unquantifiable liabilities that we have assumed in connection with the formation transactions for which we have no or limited recourse could adversely affect us.

One property is encumbered by a right of first refusal with respect to a sale of the property, which could materially and adversely affect the timing and terms of any sale of the property.

A right of first refusal encumbers our DEA—Dallas property until the earlier of January 7, 2025, or the date on which two bona fide third-party sales have occurred for which the right of first refusal has not been exercised. As a result of this right of first refusal, we may be delayed in our attempt to sell this property if and when any such disposition is necessary or desirable.

We rely on information technology in our operations, and any material failure, inadequacy, interruption or security failure of that technology could harm our business.

We rely on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information and to manage or support a variety of our business processes, including financial transactions and maintenance of records, which may include confidential information of tenants and lease data. We rely on commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmitting and storing confidential tenant information, such as individually identifiable information relating to financial accounts. Although we have taken steps to protect the security of the data maintained in our information systems, it is possible that our security measures will not be able to prevent the systems’ improper functioning, or the improper disclosure of personally identifiable information such as in the event of cyber attacks. Security breaches, including physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses, attacks by hackers and similar breaches, can create system disruptions, shutdowns or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. Any failure to maintain proper function, security and availability of our information systems could interrupt our operations, damage our reputation, subject us to liability claims or regulatory penalties and could materially and adversely affect us.

We may need to borrow funds or dispose of assets to meet our distribution requirements.

We may need to borrow funds or dispose of assets to meet our distribution requirements. In order for us to continue to qualify as a REIT, we are required to make annual distributions generally equal to at least 90% of our taxable income, computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gain. In addition, as a REIT, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our taxable income (including capital gains) and will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount by which our distributions in any calendar year are less than a minimum amount specified by the Code. Under some circumstances, we may be required to pay distributions in excess of cash available for distribution in order to meet these distribution requirements or to avoid or minimize the imposition of tax, and we may need to borrow funds or dispose of assets to make such distributions, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and trading price of our common stock.

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Our subsidiaries may be prohibited from making distributions and other payments to us.

All of our properties are owned, and all of our operations are conducted, by our operating partnership and our other subsidiaries. As a result, we depend on distributions and other payments from our operating partnership and our other subsidiaries in order to satisfy our financial obligations and make payments to our investors. The ability of our subsidiaries to make such distributions and other payments depends on their earnings and cash flow and may be subject to statutory or contractual limitations. As an equity investor in our subsidiaries, our right to receive assets upon their liquidation or reorganization will be effectively subordinated to the claims of their creditors. To the extent that we are recognized as a creditor of such subsidiaries, our claims may still be subordinate to any security interest in or other lien on their assets and to any of such subsidiaries’ debt or other obligations that are senior to our claims.

Our existing tax protection agreements, and any similar agreements that we enter into in the future, could limit our flexibility with respect to selling or otherwise disposing of properties contributed to our operating partnership.

In connection with certain contributions of properties to our operating partnership, we and our operating partnership have entered into tax protection agreements with the contributor of such properties that generally provide that if we dispose of any interest in the contributed properties in a taxable transaction within a certain time period, subject to certain exceptions, we may be required to indemnify the contributor for their tax liabilities attributable to the built-in gain that existed with respect to such property interests, and certain tax liabilities incurred as a result of such tax protection payments.  Therefore, although it may be in our stockholders’ best interests that we sell a contributed property, it may be economically prohibitive for us to do so because of these obligations. In the future, we and our operating partnership may enter into additional tax protection agreements which could further limit our flexibility to sell or otherwise dispose of our properties.

Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure

The ability of stockholders to control our policies and effect a change of control of our company is limited by certain provisions of our charter and bylaws and by Maryland law.

There are provisions in our charter and bylaws that may discourage a third party from making a proposal to acquire us, even if some of our stockholders might consider the proposal to be in their best interests. These provisions include the following:

Our charter authorizes our board of directors to amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of stock, to authorize us to issue additional shares of our common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and thereafter to authorize us to issue such classified or reclassified shares of stock. We believe these charter provisions will provide us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs that might arise. The additional classes or series, as well as the additional authorized shares of our common stock, will be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless such action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded. Although our board of directors does not currently intend to do so, it could authorize us to issue a class or series of stock that could, depending upon the terms of the particular class or series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or that our common stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interests.

In order to qualify as a REIT, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by or for five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities such as private foundations) at any time during the last half of any taxable year (beginning with our second taxable year as a REIT). In addition, if the owners of 50% or more of certain entities included in the Easterly Funds that are intended to qualify for taxation as REITs, each of which we refer to as an Easterly Fund REIT were to own 50% or more in value of our capital stock, we would be treated as a successor to the Easterly Fund REIT, and our ability to elect REIT status for a certain period would depend on that Easterly Fund REIT’s qualification as a REIT. In order to help us qualify as a REIT and not be treated as a successor to an Easterly Fund REIT, our charter generally prohibits (A) any person or entity from actually or being deemed to own by virtue of the applicable constructive ownership provisions of the Code, (i) more than 7.1% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the issued and outstanding shares of any class or series of our stock or (ii) more than 7.1% in value of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of all classes and series of our stock (the “ownership limits”) and (B) the owners of 50% or more of an Easterly Fund REIT from owning 50% or more of us, applying certain attribution of ownership rules. These ownership restrictions may prevent or delay a change in control and, as a result, could adversely affect our stockholders’ ability to realize a premium for their shares of our common stock. In connection with the formation transactions and the concurrent private placement, our board of directors has granted waivers from the ownership limit contained in our charter to Michael P. Ibe, Easterly Fund I and Easterly Fund II to own up to approximately 21%, 22% and 28%, respectively, of our outstanding common stock in the aggregate. Easterly Fund I and Easterly Fund II have since been liquidated and their waivers are no longer in effect.

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In addition, certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, or MGCL, may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or of impeding a change of control under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of shares of our common stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of such shares, including the Maryland business combination and control share provisions.

As permitted by the MGCL, our board of directors has adopted a resolution exempting any business combinations between us and any other person or entity from the business combination provisions of the MGCL. Our bylaws provide that this resolution or any other resolution of our board of directors exempting any business combination from the business combination provisions of the MGCL may only be revoked, altered or amended, and our board of directors may only adopt any resolution inconsistent with any such resolution (including an amendment to that bylaw provision), which we refer to as an-opt in to the business combination provisions, with the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast on the matter by holders of outstanding shares of our common stock. In addition, as permitted by the MGCL, our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition provisions of the MGCL any and all acquisitions by any person of shares of our stock. This bylaw provision may be amended, which we refer to as an opt-in to the control share acquisition provisions, only with the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast on such an amendment by holders of outstanding shares of our common stock.

Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits a board of directors, without stockholder approval and regardless of what is currently provided in our charter or bylaws, to implement certain takeover defenses, including adopting a classified board or increasing the vote required to remove a director. We have elected in our charter to be subject to the provision of Subtitle 8 that provides that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by the remaining directors. We have not elected to be subject to any of the other provisions of Subtitle 8, including the provisions that would permit us to classify our board of directors or increase the vote required to remove a director without stockholder approval. Moreover, our charter provides that, without the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast on the matter by our stockholders entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, we may not elect to be subject to any of these additional provisions of Subtitle 8.

Such takeover defenses may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us or of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us under the circumstances that otherwise could provide our common stockholders with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then current market price. In addition, the provisions of our charter on the removal of directors and the advance notice provisions of our bylaws, among others, could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interest. Each item discussed above may delay, deter or prevent a change in control of our company, even if a proposed transaction is at a premium over the then-current market price for our common stock. Further, these provisions may apply in instances where some stockholders consider a transaction beneficial to them. As a result, our stock price may be negatively affected by these provisions.

Certain provisions in the partnership agreement of our operating partnership may delay or prevent acquisitions of us.

Provisions in the partnership agreement of our operating partnership may delay, or make more difficult, acquisitions of us or changes of our control. These provisions could discourage third parties from making proposals involving an acquisition of us or change of our control, although some holders of common stock might consider such proposals, if made, desirable. These provisions include

In addition, Easterly Government Properties, Inc. may not transfer any of its interest in our operating partnership, withdraw as general partner of our operating partnership or consummate a fundamental transaction, including mergers, consolidations and sales of all or substantially all of its assets, subject to certain limited exceptions, without partnership approval, as such term is defined in the partnership agreement of our operating partnership. Partnership approval is obtained when the sum of (a) the number of common units issued in the formation transactions and consenting to the transaction that are held by certain private investment funds that contributed assets in our initial public offering, or continuing investors, plus (b) the product of (x) the number of common units held by Easterly Government Properties, Inc. and its subsidiaries multiplied by (y) the percentage of the votes that were cast in favor of the transaction by the holders of shares of our common stock, exceeds 50% of the aggregate number of common units issued in the formation transactions and common units held by Easterly Government Properties, Inc. and its subsidiaries outstanding at such time. This right

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to vote by certain holders of common units on a transfer or assignment of Easterly Government Properties, Inc.’s interest in our operating partnership, withdrawal as general partner of our operating partnership, or consummation of a fundamental transaction will permanently terminate at such time as we own more than 85% of the aggregate of (a) the outstanding common units held by us and (b) the common units issued in the formation transactions that are held by our continuing investors and their respective affiliates and direct or indirect investors.

We may decide to change our investment strategy without stockholder approval and acquire and develop properties outside of our target market, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may decide to change our investment strategy without stockholder approval and seek to acquire and develop properties that are not leased to U.S. Government tenant agencies. Any change to our investment strategy, including the making of investments outside our target market, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our board of directors may change our policies without stockholder approval.

Our policies, including any policies with respect to investments, leverage, financing, growth, debt and capitalization, are determined by our board of directors or those committees or officers to whom our board of directors may delegate such authority. Our board of directors also establishes the amount of any dividends or other distributions that we may pay to our stockholders. Our board of directors or the committees or officers to which such decisions are delegated have the ability to amend or revise these and our other policies at any time without stockholder vote. Accordingly, our stockholders are not entitled to approve changes in our policies.

Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited, which could limit your recourse in the event of actions that you do not believe are in your best interests.

Maryland law provides that a director has no liability in that capacity if he or she satisfies his or her duties to us and our stockholders. Our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from:

In addition, our charter authorizes us to obligate us, and our bylaws require us, to indemnify our directors for actions taken by them in those capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. Our charter and bylaws also authorize us to indemnify our officers for actions taken by them in those capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law and indemnification agreements that we have entered into with our executive officers require us to indemnify such officers for actions taken by them in those capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist. Accordingly, in the event that actions taken in good faith by any of our directors or officers impede the performance of our company, your ability to recover damages from such director or officer will be limited with respect to directors and may be limited with respect to officers. In addition, we will be obligated to advance the defense costs incurred by our directors and our executive officers pursuant to indemnification agreements, and may, in the discretion of our board of directors, advance the defense costs incurred by our officers, our employees and other agents, in connection with legal proceedings.

Conflicts of interest may exist or could arise in the future between the interests of our stockholders and the interests of holders of common units, which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.

Conflicts of interest may exist or could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between us and our affiliates, on the one hand, and our operating partnership or any of its partners, on the other. Our directors and officers have duties to our company under Maryland law in connection with their management of our company. At the same time, we have duties and obligations to our operating partnership and its limited partners under Delaware law as modified by the partnership agreement of our operating partnership in connection with the management of our operating partnership as the sole general partner. The limited partners of our operating partnership expressly acknowledge that the general partner of our operating partnership acts for the benefit of our operating partnership, the limited partners and our stockholders collectively. When deciding whether to cause our operating partnership to take or decline to take any actions, the general partner will be under no obligation to give priority to the separate interests of (i) the limited partners of our operating partnership (including the tax interests of our limited partners, except as provided in a separate written agreement) or (ii) our stockholders. Nevertheless, the duties and obligations of the general partner of our operating partnership may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to our company and our stockholders.

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Michael P. Ibe, a Director and our Executive Vice President—Development and Acquisitions owns a significant beneficial interest in our company on a fully diluted basis and has the ability to exercise influence on our company.

As of December 31, 2017 Michael P. Ibe, a Director and our Executive Vice President—Development and Acquisitions, owned approximately 10.9% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis.  Consequently, Mr. Ibe may be able to exert influence over the outcome of matters submitted for stockholder action, including approval of significant corporate transactions, including business combinations, consolidations and mergers. As a result, Mr. Ibe could exercise his influence in a manner that conflicts with the interests of other stockholders.

We are subject to financial reporting and other requirements for which our accounting, internal audit and other management systems and resources may not be adequately prepared and we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, which could materially and adversely affect us, including our business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

We are subject to reporting and other obligations under the Exchange Act, including the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Section 404 requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and a report by our independent registered public accounting firm addressing these assessments. These reporting and other obligations place significant demands on our management, administrative, operational, internal audit and accounting resources and cause us to incur significant expenses. We may need to upgrade our systems or create new systems; implement additional financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures; expand our internal audit function; and hire additional accounting, internal audit and finance staff. If we are unable to accomplish these objectives in a timely and effective fashion, our ability to comply with the financial reporting requirements and other rules that apply to reporting companies could be impaired. Any failure to maintain effective internal controls could have a material and adverse effect on our business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

We do not own the Easterly name, but have entered into a license agreement with Easterly Capital, LLC, or Easterly Capital, consenting to our use of the Easterly logo and name. Use of the name by other parties or the termination of our license agreement may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have entered into a license agreement with Easterly Capital, pursuant to which it granted us a perpetual, royalty-free license to use the Easterly logo and the Easterly name and variations thereof, which license is exclusive to business activities involving properties to be leased to or developed for governmental entities, including properties leased to the GSA. We have a right to use this logo and name for so long as we are not in breach of the terms of the license agreement. Easterly Capital retains the right to continue using the Easterly name. We will be unable to preclude Easterly Capital from licensing or transferring the ownership of the Easterly name to third parties, except in the limited circumstance where our license is exclusive. Consequently, we will be unable to prevent any damage to goodwill that may occur as a result of the activities of Easterly Capital or others. Furthermore, in the event the license agreement is terminated, we will be required to change our name and cease using the Easterly name. Any of these events could disrupt our recognition in the market place, damage any goodwill we may have generated and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness and Financing

We have a substantial amount of indebtedness that may limit our financial and operating activities and may adversely affect our ability to incur additional debt to fund future needs.

As of December 31, 2017, we had total indebtedness of approximately $575.9 million including approximately $99.8 million outstanding under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility, $100.0 million outstanding under our senior unsecured term loan facility, and $175.0 million of senior unsecured notes.  As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately $300.2 million of available borrowing capacity under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility. Payments of principal and interest on borrowings may leave us with insufficient cash resources to operate our properties, fully implement our capital expenditure, acquisition and redevelopment activities, or meet the REIT distribution requirements imposed by the Code. Our level of debt and the limitations imposed on us by our debt agreements could have significant adverse consequences, including the following:

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If any one of these events were to occur, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and trading price of our common stock could be adversely affected. Furthermore, foreclosures could create taxable income without accompanying cash proceeds, which could hinder our ability to meet the REIT distribution requirements imposed by the Code.

We may be unable to refinance current or future indebtedness on favorable terms, if at all.

We may be unable to refinance existing debt on terms as favorable as the terms of existing indebtedness, or at all, including as a result of increases in interest rates or a decline in the value of our portfolio or portions thereof. If principal payments due at maturity cannot be refinanced, extended or paid with proceeds from other capital transactions, such as new equity capital, our operating cash flow will not be sufficient in all years to repay all maturing debt. As a result, certain of our other debt may cross default, we may be forced to postpone capital expenditures necessary for the maintenance of our properties, we may have to dispose of one or more properties on terms that would otherwise be unacceptable to us or we may be forced to allow the mortgage holder to foreclose on a property. We also may be forced to limit distributions and may be unable to meet the REIT distribution requirements imposed by the Code. Foreclosure on mortgaged properties or an inability to refinance existing indebtedness would likely have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations and could adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

We may not have sufficient cash flow to meet the required payments of principal and interest on our debt or to pay distributions on our shares at expected levels.

In the future, our cash flow could be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest or to pay distributions on our shares at expected levels. In this regard, we note that in order for us to continue to qualify as a REIT, we are required to make annual distributions generally equal to at least 90% of our taxable income, computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gain. In addition, as a REIT, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our taxable income (including capital gains) and will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount by which our distributions in any calendar year are less than a minimum amount specified by the Code. These requirements and considerations may limit the amount of our cash flow available to meet required principal and interest payments. If we are unable to make required payments on indebtedness that is secured by a mortgage on our property, the asset may be transferred to the lender with a resulting loss of income and value to us, including adverse tax consequences related to such a transfer.

Certain of our debt agreements include restrictive covenants, requirements to maintain financial ratios and default provisions, which could limit our flexibility, our ability to make distributions and require us to repay the indebtedness prior to its maturity.

Certain mortgages on our properties contain customary negative covenants that, among other things, limit our ability, without the prior consent of the lender, to further mortgage the property and to reduce or change insurance coverage. As of December 31, 2017, we had $204.9 million of combined U.S. property mortgages and other secured debt. Additionally, our debt agreements contain customary covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness and, in certain instances, restrict our ability to engage in material asset sales, mergers, consolidations and acquisitions, and restrict our ability to make capital expenditures. These debt agreements, in some cases, also subject us to guarantor and liquidity covenants and our senior unsecured revolving credit facility, our senior unsecured term loan facility and our senior unsecured notes, and other future debt may, require us to maintain various financial ratios. Some of our debt agreements contain certain cash flow sweep requirements and mandatory escrows, and our property mortgages generally require certain mandatory prepayments upon disposition of underlying collateral. Early repayment of certain mortgages may be subject to prepayment penalties.

Variable rate debt is subject to interest rate risk that could increase our interest expense, increase the cost to refinance and increase the cost of issuing new debt.

As of December 31, 2017, we had $115.5 million of outstanding consolidated debt subject to instruments, which bear interest at variable rates, and we expect that we may also borrow additional money at variable interest rates in the future. Unless we have made

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arrangements that hedge against the risk of rising interest rates, increases in interest rates would increase our interest expense under these instruments, increase the cost of refinancing these instruments or issuing new debt, and adversely affect cash flow and our ability to service our indebtedness and make distributions to our stockholders, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Hedging activity may expose us to risks, including the risks that a counterparty will not perform and that the hedge will not yield the economic benefits we anticipate, which could adversely affect us.

As of December 31, 2017, we have two forward-starting interest rate swaps in place with an aggregate notional value of $100.0 million to mitigate our exposure to fluctuations in short term interest rates and fix the interest rate on our senior unsecured term loan facility.  We may continue, in a manner consistent with our qualification as a REIT, to seek to manage our exposure to interest rate volatility by using interest rate hedging arrangements.  Such hedging arrangements involve risks, such as the risk that counterparties may fail to honor their obligations under these arrangements, and that these arrangements may not be effective in reducing our exposure to interest rate changes. Moreover, there can be no assurance that our hedging arrangements will qualify for hedge accounting or that our hedging activities will have the desired beneficial impact on our results of operations. Should we desire to terminate a hedging agreement, there could be significant costs and cash requirements involved to fulfill our obligation under the hedging agreement. Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may adversely affect our results of operations.

When a hedging agreement is required under the terms of a mortgage loan, it is often a condition that the hedge counterparty maintain a specified credit rating. With the current volatility in the financial markets, there is an increased risk that hedge counterparties could have their credit rating downgraded to a level that would not be acceptable under the loan provisions. If we were unable to renegotiate the credit rating condition with the lender or find an alternative counterparty with acceptable credit rating, we could be in default under the loan and the lender could seize that property through foreclosure, which could adversely affect us.

Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.

The REIT provisions of the Code limit our ability to hedge our liabilities. Generally, income from a hedging transaction we enter into (i) to manage the risk of interest rate changes with respect to borrowings incurred or to be incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets, (ii) to manage the risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain (or any property that generates such income or gain) that constitutes “qualifying income” for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests applicable to REITs or (iii) for taxable years beginning on or after December 31, 2015, that hedges against transactions described in clauses (i) and (ii) and is entered into in connection with the extinguishment of debt or sale of property that are being hedged against by the transactions described in clauses (i) and (ii) and does not constitute “gross income” for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests, provided that we comply with certain identification requirements pursuant to the applicable sections of the Code and Treasury Regulations. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we may need to limit our use of otherwise advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a “Taxable REIT Subsidiary,” or TRS. The use of a TRS could increase the cost of our hedging activities (because our TRS would be subject to tax on income or gain resulting from hedges entered into by it) or expose us to greater risks than we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, net losses in any of our TRSs will generally not provide any tax benefit except for being carried forward for use against future taxable income in the TRSs.

Mortgage debt obligations expose us to the possibility of foreclosure, which could result in the loss of our investment in a property or group of properties subject to mortgage debt.

Incurring mortgage and other secured debt obligations increases our risk of property losses because defaults on indebtedness secured by properties may result in foreclosure actions initiated by lenders and ultimately our loss of the property securing any loans for which we are in default. Any foreclosure on a mortgaged property or group of properties could adversely affect the overall value of our portfolio of properties. For tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our properties that is subject to a nonrecourse mortgage loan would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but would not receive any cash proceeds, which could hinder our ability to meet the distribution requirements applicable to REITs under the Code.

High mortgage rates or unavailability of mortgage debt may make it difficult for us to finance or refinance properties, which could reduce the number of properties we can acquire, our net income and the amount of cash distributions we can make.

If mortgage debt is unavailable at reasonable rates, we may not be able to finance the purchase of properties. If we place mortgage debt on properties, we may be unable to refinance the properties when the loans become due, or to refinance on favorable terms. If interest rates are higher when we refinance our properties, our income could be reduced. If any of these events occur, our

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cash flow could be reduced. This, in turn, could reduce cash available for distribution to our stockholders and may hinder our ability to raise more capital by issuing more stock or by borrowing more money. In addition, payments of principal and interest made to service our debts may leave us with insufficient cash to make distributions necessary to meet the distribution requirements imposed on REITs under the Code.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

The market price and trading volume of our common stock may be volatile.

The trading price of our common stock may be volatile. In addition, the trading volume in our common stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur.

Some of the factors that could negatively affect our share price or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume of our common stock include:

In the past, securities class-action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the price of their common stock. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and trading price of our common stock.

The form, timing or amount of dividend distributions in future periods may vary and be impacted by economic and other considerations.

The form, timing or amount of dividend distributions will be declared at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on actual cash from operations, our financial condition, capital requirements, the annual distribution requirements applicable to REITs under the Code and other factors as our board of directors may consider relevant.

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The number of shares available for future sale could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

We cannot predict whether future issuances of shares of our common stock or the availability of shares for resale in the open market will decrease the market price per share of our common stock. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, the issuance of substantial additional shares or the perception that such sales or issuances might occur could materially adversely affect the market price of the shares of our common stock. Some of the potential share issuances that may adversely affect the market price of the shares of our common stock could include: the exchange of our common units in our operating partnership for our common stock, the granting, exercise or vesting of any options, restricted stock or restricted stock units or long-term incentive units in our operating partnership, or LTIP units, granted or that may be granted to certain directors, executive officers and other employees under our 2015 equity incentive plan, and other issuances of our common stock or our operating partnership’s securities exchangeable for or convertible into our common stock. Under a registration statement we have filed with the SEC, we may also offer, from time to time, equity securities (including common or preferred stock) on an as-needed basis and subject to our ability to affect offerings on satisfactory terms based on prevailing conditions. No prediction can be made about the effect that future sales of our common stock will have on the market price of our shares of common stock. In addition, future sales by us of our common stock may be dilutive to existing stockholders.

Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT

Failure to qualify or to maintain our qualification as a REIT would have significant adverse consequences to the value of our common stock.

We believe that we have operated and have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT for U.S federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2015. The Code generally requires that a REIT distribute at least 90% of its taxable income (without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gains) to stockholders annually, and a REIT must pay income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax (which, for corporations, was repealed for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 under the recently enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”)), at regular corporate rates to the extent that it distributes less than 100% of its taxable income (including capital gains) in a given year. In addition, a REIT is required to pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which the distributions it makes in a calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of its ordinary income, 95% of its capital gain net income and 100% of its undistributed income from prior years. To avoid entity-level U.S. federal income and excise taxes, we anticipate distributing at least 100% of our taxable income.

As noted above, we believe that we have been and will continue to be owned and organized, and have operated and will operate, in a manner that allows us to qualify as a REIT commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2015. However, we cannot assure you that we have been and will continue to be owned and organized and have operated and will operate as such. Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Code as to which there may only be limited judicial and administrative interpretations and involves the determination of facts and circumstances not entirely within our control. We have not requested and do not intend to request a ruling from the IRS that we qualify as a REIT. The complexity of these provisions and of the applicable Treasury Regulations is greater in the case of a REIT that, like us, holds its assets through one or more partnerships. Moreover, in order to qualify as a REIT, we must meet, on an ongoing basis, various tests regarding the nature and diversification of our assets and our income, the ownership of our outstanding stock, the absence of inherited retained earnings from non-REIT periods and the amount of our distributions. Our ability to satisfy the asset tests imposed on REITs depends upon our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination, and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals. Our compliance with the REIT gross income and quarterly asset requirements also depends upon our ability to manage successfully the composition of our gross income and assets on an ongoing basis. Future legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions may significantly change the tax laws or the application of the tax laws with respect to qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes or the U.S. federal income tax consequences of such qualification. Accordingly, it is possible that we may not meet the requirements for qualification as a REIT.

If, with respect to any taxable year, we fail to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we would not be allowed to deduct distributions to stockholders in computing our taxable income. If we were not entitled to relief under the relevant statutory provisions, we would also be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four subsequent taxable years. If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we would be subject to entity-level income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax (which, for corporations, was repealed for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 under the TCJA), on our taxable income at regular corporate tax rates. As a result, the amount available for distribution to holders of our common stock would be reduced for the year or years involved, and we would no longer be required to make distributions. In addition, our failure to qualify as a REIT could impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital, and adversely affect the value of our common stock.

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We may owe certain taxes notwithstanding our qualification as a REIT.

Even if we qualify as a REIT, we will be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income and property, on taxable income that we do not distribute to our stockholders, on net income from certain “prohibited transactions,” and on income from certain activities conducted as a result of foreclosure. We may, in certain circumstances, be required to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be significant in amount) in order to utilize one or more relief provisions under the Code to maintain our qualification as a REIT. In addition, we may provide services that are not customarily provided by a landlord, hold properties for sale and engage in other activities (such as a management business) through TRSs and the income of those subsidiaries will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates. Furthermore, to the extent that we conduct operations outside of the United States, our operations would subject us to applicable foreign taxes, regardless of our status as a REIT for U.S. tax purposes.

If our operating partnership is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we will cease to qualify as a REIT.

We believe our operating partnership qualifies and will continue to qualify as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Assuming that it qualifies as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, our operating partnership generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its income. Instead, its partners, including us, generally are required to pay tax on their respective allocable share of our operating partnership’s income. No assurance can be provided, however, that the IRS will not challenge our operating partnership’s status as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in treating our operating partnership as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would fail to meet the gross income tests and certain of the asset tests applicable to REITs and, therefore, cease to qualify as a REIT, and our operating partnership would become subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax. The payment by our operating partnership of income tax would reduce significantly the amount of cash available to our partnership to satisfy obligations to make principal and interest payments on its debt and to make distribution to its partners, including us.

Our REIT status may depend on the REIT status of an Easterly Fund REIT.

If the owners of 50% or more of any Easterly Fund REIT were to acquire 50% or more of our stock, we could be deemed a “successor” to such Easterly Fund REIT for purposes of the REIT rules. Successor treatment would mean that our election to be taxed as a REIT could be terminated if it were determined that the applicable Easterly Fund REIT had failed to qualify as a REIT for a prior period. We do not intend to issue stock to former stockholders of an Easterly Fund REIT if we believe it could cause us to be treated as its successor. Our charter contains ownership restrictions that will prevent any overlapping ownership that would cause us to be a successor of an Easterly Fund REIT, and we intend to enforce such provisions.

Dividends payable by REITs generally do not qualify for reduced tax rates.

The maximum U.S. federal income tax rate for certain qualified dividends payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates generally is currently 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, are generally not eligible for the reduced rates and therefore are taxable as ordinary income when paid to such stockholders. However, the TCJA provides a deduction of up to 20% of a non-corporate taxpayer’s ordinary REIT dividends with such deduction scheduled to expire for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025. The more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates or are otherwise sensitive to these lower rates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stock of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including our common stock.

A portion of our distributions may be treated as a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which could reduce the basis of a stockholder’s investment in shares of our common stock and may trigger taxable gain.

A portion of our distributions may be treated as a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a general matter, a portion of our distributions will be treated as a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes if the aggregate amount of our distributions for a year exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits for that year. To the extent that a distribution is treated as a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it will reduce a holder’s adjusted tax basis in the holder’s shares, and to the extent that it exceeds the holder’s adjusted tax basis will be treated as gain resulting from a sale or exchange of such shares.

Complying with the REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities or liquidate certain of our investments.

To qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. We may be required to make distributions to our stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds

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readily available for distribution. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may, for instance, hinder our ability to make certain otherwise attractive investments or undertake other activities that might otherwise be beneficial to us and our stockholders, or may require us to borrow or liquidate investments in unfavorable market conditions and, therefore, may hinder our investment performance. As a REIT, at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets must consist of cash, cash items, U.S. Government securities and qualified “real estate assets.” The remainder of our investments in securities (other than cash, cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities issued by a TRS and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our total assets (other than cash, cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities issued by a TRS and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 25% (for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018) or 20% (for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2018) of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more TRSs. Further, even though for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2015, debt instruments issued by a publicly traded REIT that are not secured by a mortgage on real property are qualifying real estate assets, no more than 25% of the value of our total assets can be represented by such assets. After meeting these requirements at the close of a calendar quarter, if we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any subsequent calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification. As a result, we may be required to liquidate from our portfolio or forego otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.

We may be subject to a 100% penalty tax on any prohibited transactions that we enter into, or may be required to forego certain otherwise beneficial opportunities in order to avoid the penalty tax on prohibited transactions.

If we are found to have held, acquired or developed property primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, we may be subject to a 100% “prohibited transactions” tax under U.S. federal tax laws on the gain from disposition of the property unless the disposition qualifies for one or more safe harbor exceptions for properties that have been held by us for at least two years and satisfy certain additional requirements (or the disposition is made through a TRS and, therefore, is subject to corporate U.S. federal income tax). Under existing law, whether property is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business is a question of fact that depends on all the facts and circumstances. We intend to hold, and, to the extent within our control, to have any joint venture to which our operating partnership is a partner hold, properties for investment with a view to long-term appreciation, to engage in the business of acquiring, owning, operating and developing the properties, and to make sales of our properties and other properties acquired subsequent to the date hereof as are consistent with our investment objectives. Based upon our investment objectives, we believe that overall, our properties should not be considered property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. However, it may not always be practical for us to comply with one of the safe harbors, and, therefore, we may be subject to the 100% penalty tax on the gain from dispositions of property if we otherwise are deemed to have held the property primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. The potential application of the prohibited transactions tax could cause us to forego potential dispositions of other property or to forego other opportunities that might otherwise be attractive to us, or to hold investments or undertake such dispositions or other opportunities through a TRS, which would generally result in corporate income taxes being incurred.

REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our liquidity and adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan.

In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT and to meet the REIT distribution requirements, we may need to modify our business plans. Our cash flow from operations may be insufficient to fund required distributions, for example, as a result of differences in timing between our cash flow, the receipt of income for GAAP purposes and the recognition of income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the effect of non-deductible capital expenditures, the effect of limitations on interest and net operating loss deductibility under the TCJA, the creation of reserves, payment of required debt service or amortization payments, or the need to make additional investments in qualifying real estate assets. The insufficiency of our cash flow to cover our distribution requirements could require us to (i) sell assets in adverse market conditions, (ii) borrow on unfavorable terms, (iii) distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions or capital expenditures or used for the repayment of debt, (iv) pay dividends in the form of “taxable stock dividends” or (v) use cash reserves, in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. As a result, compliance with the REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect the market value of our common stock. The inability of our cash flow to cover our distribution requirements could have an adverse impact on our ability to raise short and long-term debt or sell equity securities. In addition, if we are compelled to liquidate our assets to repay obligations to our lenders or make distributions to our stockholders, we may be subject to a 100% tax on any resultant gain if we sell assets that are treated as property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business.

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The ability of our board of directors to revoke our REIT qualification without stockholder approval may cause adverse consequences to our stockholders.

Our charter provides that our board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to be a REIT, we will not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to stockholders in computing our taxable income and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates, as well as state and local taxes, which may have adverse consequences on our total return to our stockholders.

Our ability to provide certain services to our tenants may be limited by the REIT rules, or may have to be provided through a TRS.

As a REIT, we generally cannot provide services to our tenants other than those that are customarily provided by landlords, nor can we derive income from a third party that provides such services. If we forego providing such services to our tenants, we may be at disadvantage to competitors who are not subject to the same restrictions. However, we can provide such non-customary services to tenants or share in the revenue from such services if we do so through a TRS, though income earned through the TRS will be subject to corporate income taxes.

We earn fees from certain tenant improvement services and other non-customary services provided to our tenants. Gross income from such services generally may only constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests to the extent that it is attributable to services provided to our tenants in connection with the entering into or renewal of a lease. In addition, services provided to our tenants other than in such circumstances might constitute non-customary services. As a result, to the extent that we provide tenant improvement services to tenants other than in connection with the entering into or renewal of a lease, we provide such services through a TRS, which is subject to full corporate tax with respect to such income.

Although our use of TRSs may partially mitigate the impact of meeting certain requirements necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT, there are limits on our ability to own and engage in transactions with TRSs, and a failure to comply with the limits would jeopardize our REIT qualification and may result in the application of a 100% excise tax.

A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. A TRS may hold assets and earn income that would not be qualifying assets or income if held or earned directly by a REIT. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no more than 25% (for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018) or 20% (for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2018) of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of securities of one or more TRSs. In addition, rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to its parent REIT to assure that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. Rules also impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT that are treated as not being conducted on an arm’s-length basis. We have jointly elected with one subsidiary for such subsidiary to be treated as a TRS for U.S. federal income tax purposes. This subsidiary and any other TRSs that we form will pay U.S. federal, state and local income tax on their taxable income, and their after-tax net income will be available for distribution to us but is not required to be distributed to us. Although we will monitor the aggregate value of the securities of such TRSs and intend to conduct our affairs so that such securities will represent less than 25% (for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018) or 20% (for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2018) of the value of our total assets, there can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the TRS limitation in all market conditions.

We may face risks in connection with Section 1031 exchanges.

If a transaction intended to qualify as a tax-deferred Section 1031 exchange is later determined to be taxable, we may face adverse consequences, and if the laws applicable to such transactions are amended or repealed, we may not be able to dispose of properties on a tax-deferred basis.  Under the TCJA, Section 1031 exchanges now only apply to real property and do not apply to any related personal property transferred with the real property.  As a result, any appreciated personal property that is transferred in connection with a Section 1031 exchange of real property will be recognized, and such gain is generally treated as non-qualifying income for the 95% and 75% gross income tests.  Any such non-qualifying income could have an adverse effect on our REIT status. 

Legislation enacted in 2015 may alter who bears the liability in the event any subsidiary partnership (such as our operating partnership) is audited and an adjustment is assessed.

In 2015 Congress revised the rules applicable to federal income tax audits of partnerships (such as our operating partnership) and the collection of any tax resulting from any such audits or other tax proceedings, generally for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Under the new rules, the partnership itself may be liable for a hypothetical increase in partner-level taxes

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(including interest and penalties) resulting from an adjustment of partnership tax items on audit, regardless of changes in the composition of the partners (or their relative ownership) between the year under audit and the year of the adjustment.  The new rules also include an elective alternative method under which the additional taxes resulting from the adjustment are assessed from the affected partners (often referred to as a “push-out election”), subject to a higher rate of interest than otherwise would apply.  Recently released proposed Treasury Regulations provide that when a push-out election causes a partner that is itself a partnership to be assessed with its share of such additional taxes from the adjustment, such partnership may cause such additional taxes to be pushed out to its own partners.   In addition, these proposed Treasury Regulations provide that when a push-out election affects a partner that is a REIT, such REIT may be able to use deficiency dividend procedures with respect to adjustments  resulting from such election.   Many questions remain as to how the rules will apply, and it is not clear at this time what effect this legislation will have on us.  However, these changes could increase the federal income tax, interest, and/or penalties otherwise borne by us in the event of a federal income tax audit of a subsidiary partnership (such as our operating partnership).

Possible legislative, regulatory or other actions could adversely affect our stockholders and us.

The rules dealing with U.S. federal, state and local income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. Changes to tax laws (which changes may have retroactive application) could adversely affect our stockholders or us. In recent years, many such changes have been made and changes are likely to continue to occur in the future. We cannot predict whether, when, in what form, or with what effective dates, tax laws, regulations and rulings may be enacted, promulgated or decided, which could result in an increase in our, or our stockholders’, tax liability or require changes in the manner in which we operate in order to minimize increases in our tax liability. A shortfall in tax revenues for states and municipalities in which we operate may lead to an increase in the frequency and size of such changes. If such changes occur, we may be required to pay additional taxes on our assets or income or be subject to additional restrictions. These increased tax costs could, among other things, adversely affect our financial condition, the results of operations and the amount of cash available for the payment of dividends.

Stockholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisors with respect to the impact that recently enacted tax legislation may have on their investment and the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on their investment in our shares.

The TCJA was signed into law on December 22, 2017. The TCJA makes major changes to the Code, including a number of provisions of the Code that affect the taxation of REITs and their stockholders.  Among the changes made by the TCJA are permanently reducing the generally applicable corporate tax rate, generally reducing the tax rate applicable to individuals and other non-corporate taxpayers for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, eliminating or modifying certain previously allowed deductions (including substantially limiting interest deductibility and, for individuals, the deduction for non-business state and local taxes), and, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, providing for preferential rates of taxation through a deduction of up to 20% (subject to certain limitations) on most ordinary REIT dividends and certain trade or business income of non-corporate taxpayers.  The TCJA also imposes new limitations on the deduction of net operating losses, which may result in us having to make additional taxable distributions to our stockholders in order to comply with REIT distribution requirements or avoid taxes on retained income and gains. The effect of the significant changes made by the TCJA is highly uncertain, and administrative guidance will be required in order to fully evaluate the effect of many provisions. The effect of any technical corrections with respect to the TCJA could have an adverse effect on us or our stockholders.  Investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the implications of the TCJA on their investment in us.  

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

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Item 2. Properties

As of December 31, 2017, we wholly owned 46 operating properties, including 44 operating properties with approximately 3.5 million rentable square feet that are leased primarily to U.S. Government tenants and two operating properties with approximately 0.2 million rentable square feet that are entirely leased to private tenants.  In addition, we wholly owned three properties under development that we expect to encompass approximately 0.3 million square feet upon completion.  As of December 31, 2017, our operating properties were 100% leased with a weighted average annualized lease income per leased square foot of $35.81 and a weighted average age of approximately 12.1 years. We calculate annualized lease income as annualized contractual base rent for the last month in a specified period, plus the annualized straight line rent adjustments for the last month in such period and the annualized expense reimbursements earned by us for the last month in such period.

Information about our operating properties as of December 31, 2017 is set forth in the table below:

 

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Our assets are located throughout the United States. The following chart sets forth the geographic diversification of our operating properties, by market, based on the GSA’s definition of regions, as of December 31, 2017:

 

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Our portfolio of operating properties has a stable tenant base that is diversified among U.S. Government agencies. Our U.S. Government tenant agencies include a number of the U.S. Government’s largest and most essential agencies, such as the DEA, FBI, VA and the Federal Courts. Our private tenants are United Technologies, We Are Sharing Hope SC and Lummus Corporation. As of December 31, 2017, our operating properties were 100% occupied by 23 tenants. The following table provides information about the tenants that occupied our properties as of December 31, 2017:

 

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Certain of our leases are currently in the “soft-term” period of the lease, meaning that the U.S. Government tenant agency has the right to terminate the lease prior to its stated lease end date. We believe that, from the GSA’s perspective, leases with such provisions are helpful for budgetary purposes. While some of our leases are contractually subject to early termination, we do not believe that our tenant agencies are likely to terminate these leases early given the build-to-suit features at the properties subject to the leases, the average age of these properties (approximately 15.1 years), the mission-critical focus of the properties subject to the leases and the current level of operations at such properties. The following table sets forth a schedule of lease expirations for leases in place as of December 31, 2017.

 

Information about our development properties as of December 31, 2017 is set forth in the table below:

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are not currently involved in any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against us.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table sets forth, for the indicated period, the high and low sales prices for our common stock, as reported on the NYSE:

 

We had 13 stockholders of record of our common stock as of February 21, 2018. Certain shares are held in “street” name and accordingly, the number of beneficial owners of such shares is not known or included in the foregoing number.

Distribution Policy

In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, we must distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to stockholders. We intend to pay regular quarterly distributions to holders of common stock in a manner to satisfy this requirement. Any distributions we make will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will be dependent upon a number of factors, including prohibitions or restrictions under financing agreements or applicable law and other factors described herein. We anticipate distributing all of our taxable income. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations,” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for information regarding the sources of funds used for distributions and for a discussion of factors, if any, which may adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

The following table sets forth, for the indicated period, quarterly dividends that have been declared by our board of directors on our common stock:  

 

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Performance Graph

The following performance chart compares the cumulative total stockholder return of our common stock with the cumulative total return of the Russell 2000 Index and the cumulative total return of the FTSE NAREIT Equity REITs Index. The FTSE NAREIT Equity REITs Index represents performance of all publicly-traded US Equity REITs not designated as Timber REITs or Infrastructure REITs.  The chart covers the period from February 6, 2015 through December 31, 2017 and assumes that $100 was invested in our common stock and in each index on February 6, 2015 and that all dividends were reinvested. The information in this paragraph and the following performance chart are deemed to be furnished, not filed.

 

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Recent Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The financial information analyzed below summarizes the results of operations for Easterly for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the combined results of operations for both Easterly (for the period subsequent to our initial public offering of February 11, 2015 through December 31, 2015) and our predecessor (as defined below) (for the period January 1, 2015 through February 10, 2015) and the results of operations for our predecessor for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.

In connection with our initial public offering, we engaged in certain formation transactions, or the formation transactions, pursuant to which our operating partnership acquired (i) 15 properties previously owned by the Easterly Funds (as defined below), (ii) 14 properties previously owned by Western Devcon, Inc., a private real estate company, and a series of related entities beneficially owned by Michael P. Ibe, which we refer to collectively as Western Devcon and (iii) all of the ownership interests in the management entities (as defined below).

Our predecessor means Easterly Partners, LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to our initial public offering and the formation transactions, including (i) all entities or interests in U.S. Government Properties Income and Growth Fund L.P., U.S. Government Properties Income and Growth Fund REIT, Inc. and the related feeder and subsidiary entities, which we refer to, collectively, as Easterly Fund I, (ii) all entities or interests in U.S. Government Properties Income and Growth Fund II, LP, USGP II REIT LP, USGP II (Parallel) Fund, LP and their related feeders and subsidiary entities, which we refer to, collectively, as Easterly Fund II and, together with Easterly Fund I, we refer to as the Easterly Funds and (iii) the entities that managed the Easterly Funds, which we refer to as the management entities.

Prior to our initial public offering on February 11, 2015, the Easterly Funds, as controlled by our predecessor, qualified as investment companies pursuant to ASC 946 Financial Services – Investment Companies and, as a result, our predecessor’s consolidated financial statements accounted for the Easterly Funds using investment company accounting based on fair value. Subsequent to our initial public offering, as the properties contributed to us from the Easterly Funds are no longer held by funds that qualify for investment company accounting, we made a shift, in accordance with GAAP to account for the properties contributed by the Easterly Funds and Western Devcon using historical cost accounting instead of investment company accounting, resulting in a significant change in the presentation of our consolidated financial statements following the formation transactions. The contribution of the investments of the Easterly Funds controlled by our predecessor to our operating partnership pursuant to the formation transactions is accounted for as transactions among entities under common control.

The contribution of the Western Devcon properties in the formation transactions has been accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting and recognized at the estimated fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities on the date of such contribution.

Since the information presented below is only a summary, the following should be reviewed in conjunction with the information contained in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto.

 

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion of our results of operations and financial condition in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 and the sections entitled “Risk Factors,” “Forward Looking Statements,” “Business,” and “Properties” contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed in the sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K entitled “Risk Factors” and “Forward Looking Statements.”

Our Company

References to “Easterly,” “we,” “our,” “us” and “our company” refer to Easterly Government Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, together with our consolidated subsidiaries including Easterly Government Properties LP, a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to herein as our operating partnership.

We are an internally managed real estate investment trust, or REIT, focused primarily on the acquisition, development and management of Class A commercial properties that are leased to U.S. Government agencies that serve essential functions. We generate substantially all of our revenue by leasing our properties to such agencies either directly or through the U.S. General Services Administration, or GSA. Our objective is to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders over the long term through dividends and capital appreciation.

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As of December 31, 2017, we wholly owned 46 operating properties in the United States that are 100% leased, including 44 operating properties that are leased primarily to U.S. Government tenant agencies and two operating properties that are entirely leased to private tenants, encompassing approximately 3.7 million square feet in the aggregate. In addition, we wholly owned three properties under development that we expect to encompass approximately 0.3 million square feet upon completion.  We focus on acquiring, developing and managing U.S. Government-leased properties that are essential to supporting the mission of the tenant agency and strive to be a partner of choice for the U.S. Government, working with the tenant agency to meet their needs and objectives.

We were incorporated in Maryland as a corporation on October 9, 2014 and did not have any meaningful operations until the completion of the formation transactions (as defined below) and our initial public offering on February 11, 2015. In connection with our initial public offering, we engaged in certain formation transactions, or the formation transactions, pursuant to which our operating partnership acquired (i) 15 properties previously owned by the Easterly Funds (as defined below), (ii) 14 properties previously owned by Western Devcon, Inc., a private real estate company, and a series of related entities beneficially owned by Michael P. Ibe, which we refer to collectively as Western Devcon and (iii) all of the ownership interests in the management entities (as defined below).  

Our predecessor means Easterly Partners, LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the initial public offering and the formation transactions, including (i) all entities or interests in U.S. Government Properties Income and Growth Fund L.P., U.S. Government Properties Income and Growth Fund REIT, Inc. and the related feeder and subsidiary entities, which we refer to, collectively, as Easterly Fund I, (ii) all entities or interests in U.S. Government Properties Income and Growth Fund II, LP, USGP II REIT LP, USGP II (Parallel) Fund, LP and their related feeders and subsidiary entities, which we refer to, collectively, as Easterly Fund II and, together with Easterly Fund I, we refer to as the Easterly Funds and (iii) the entities that managed the Easterly Funds, which we refer to as the management entities.

Our operating partnership holds substantially all of our assets and conducts substantially all of our business. We own approximately 84.4% of the aggregate operating partnership units in our operating partnership. We believe that we have operated and have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2015.

Since our initial public offering and the formation transactions occurred on February 11, 2015, the results of operations and financial condition for the entities acquired by us in connection with our initial public offering and the formation transactions are not included in certain historical financial statements. More specifically, our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 reflect the results of operation and financial condition for our predecessor together with the entities we acquired at and after the time of our initial public offering. The results of operations for each of these acquisitions are included in our consolidated statements of operations only from the date of acquisition.

Financial information analyzed below reflects the audited financial statements as of December 31, 2017, included in the F pages of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Revision of Previously Reported Consolidated Financial Statements

In connection with the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company identified an error in the estimated useful life utilized to amortize certain assets associated with three properties contributed at the time of the initial public offering in the first quarter of 2015. As a result of the error, Depreciation and amortization expense had been overstated and thereby Real estate properties, net, Intangible assets, net and Equity were understated. The Company concluded that the amounts are not material to any of its previously issued consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, the Company has revised these balances in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2016 and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. For more information on this revision, see Note 2 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, “Revision of Previously Reported Consolidated Financial Statements” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Results of Operations

Prior to our initial public offering on February 11, 2015, the Easterly Funds, as controlled by our predecessor, qualified as investment companies pursuant to ASC 946 Financial Services – Investment Companies and, as a result, our predecessor’s consolidated financial statements accounted for the Easterly Funds using investment company accounting based on fair value. Subsequent to our initial public offering, as the properties contributed to us from the Easterly Funds are no longer held by funds that qualify for investment company accounting, we made a shift, in accordance with GAAP to account for the properties contributed by the Easterly Funds and Western Devcon using historical cost accounting instead of investment company accounting, resulting in a significant change in the presentation of our consolidated financial statements following the formation transactions. The contribution

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of the investments of the Easterly Funds controlled by our predecessor to our operating partnership pursuant to the formation transactions is accounted for as transactions among entities under common control.

The contribution of the Western Devcon properties in the formation transactions has been accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting and recognized at the estimated fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities on the date of such contribution.

Comparison of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016

The financial information presented below summarizes the results of operations of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Revenues

Total revenue consists primarily of rental income from our properties, tenant reimbursements for real estate taxes, projects and certain other expenses, and project management income.

Total revenue increased $26.1 million to $130.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $104.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.  The increase was primarily attributable to an additional $24.2 million of revenue from the four operating properties acquired since December 31, 2016 as well as a full period of operations from the seven operating properties acquired during the year ended December 31, 2016, a $1.6 million increase in rental income and other tenant reimbursements from properties owned in both periods, and a $0.2 million increase in tenant project reimbursements and the associated project management income.

Operating Expenses

Total expenses increased by $17.0 million to $107.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $90.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.

$16.7 million of the increase is attributable to our property operating expenses, real estate taxes, and depreciation and amortization from the acquisition of four operating properties since December 31, 2016 as well as a full period of operations from the seven operating properties acquired during the year ended December 31, 2016, a $1.2 million increase in operating expenses, real estate taxes and depreciation from additional capital expenditures associated with properties owned in both periods, and a $0.2 million increase related to expenses associated with projects fully reimbursed by the tenant partially offset by a $1.5 million decrease in depreciation related to the timing of intangible asset amortization.

Additionally, corporate general and administrative costs increased by $0.6 million primarily due to an increase in employee costs.  Acquisition costs decreased by $0.3 million year over year due to $0.6 million of costs capitalized associated with probable and

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completed operating property acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2017 upon the adoption of ASU 2017-01 as of January 1, 2017, offset by a $0.3 million increase in acquisition costs attributable to an increase in internal employee costs associated with probable and completed operating property acquisitions.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased $8.9 million to $17.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $8.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016.  This increase is primarily due to increases of $4.4 million associated with the issuance of the senior unsecured notes, $2.6 million attributable to our $100 million senior unsecured term loan facility and interest rate swap, and $2.5 million associated with the mortgage loan secured by VA-Loma Linda offset by a decrease of $0.6 million attributable to interest on our senior unsecured credit facility.  The $0.6 million decrease in interest on our senior unsecured credit facility was primarily attributable to an increase in interest capitalized to properties under development of $0.4 million and a decrease in weighted average borrowings under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility from $196.5 million to $137.3 million year over year offset by an increase in the weighted average interest rate of 2.41% for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to 1.89% for the year ended December 31, 2016.  

Loss on the sale of operating property

On December 28, 2017, the Company sold 2650 SW 145^th Avenue – Parbel of Florida to a third party. Net proceeds from the sale of operating property were approximately $10.5 million and the Company recognized a loss on the sale of operating property of approximately $0.3 million, mainly attributable to transaction costs, for the year ended December 31, 2017. This disposition was accounted for under the full accrual method.

Comparison of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015

The financial information analyzed below summarizes the results of operations for Easterly for the year ended December 31, 2016 and the combined results for Easterly (for the period subsequent to our initial public offering of February 11, 2015 through December 31, 2015) and our predecessor (for the period from January 1, 2015 through February 10, 2015).

 

Revenues

Total revenue consists primarily of rental income from our properties, tenant reimbursements for real estate taxes, projects and certain other expenses, and project management income.

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Total revenue increased $33.2 million to $104.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $71.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.  The increase was primarily attributable to the additional revenue from seven operating properties acquired since December 31, 2015.

Operating Expenses

Total expenses increased by $24.3 million to $90.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $66.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. $23.7 million of the increase is attributable to our property operating expenses, real estate taxes, and depreciation and amortization from the acquisition of seven operating properties since December 31, 2015. Corporate general and administrative costs increased by $3.5 million primarily due to an increase in employee costs and non-cash charges for long term incentive plan units in our operating partnership, or “LTIP units,” that were not granted until May 2015 and February 2016. This was offset by a $2.8 million decrease in acquisition and offering costs primarily related to the formation transactions. Additionally, fund general and administrative expenses decreased $0.1 million as we succeeded to the operations of our predecessor upon completion of our initial public offering.

Interest Expense

Interest expense represents the interest incurred on mortgage debt encumbered on our properties and on our senior unsecured revolving credit facility.  As of December 31, 2016, we had not drawn any funds under our senior unsecured term loan facility.

Interest expense increased $3.2 million to $8.2 million for year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. This is primarily due to an increase in our senior unsecured revolving credit facility balance from $154.4 million at December 31, 2015 to $212.2 million at December 31, 2016. Additionally, weighted average interest rates on our senior unsecured revolving credit facility increased from 1.62%, for the year ended December 31, 2015 to 1.89%, for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Net unrealized gain on investments

The unrealized gain or loss on investments represents the change in fair value of our predecessor’s real estate investments. Prior to our initial public offering our predecessor had recognized a net unrealized loss of $5.1 million.

Following our initial public offering, we did not have unrealized gains as the accounting for the property owning subsidiaries contributed by the Easterly Funds to us in connection with the formation transactions have changed from investment company accounting to historical cost accounting.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We anticipate that our cash flows from the sources listed below will provide adequate capital for the next 12 months for all anticipated uses, including all scheduled principal and interest payments on our outstanding indebtedness, current and anticipated tenant improvements, stockholder distributions to maintain our qualification as a REIT and other capital obligations associated with conducting our business. At December 31, 2017, we had approximately $12.7 million available in cash and cash equivalents and there was $300.2 million available under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility.

Our primary expected sources of capital are as follows:

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Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds to pay for the following:

Our long-term liquidity needs, in addition to recurring short-term liquidity needs as discussed above, consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for acquisitions, non-recurring capital expenditures, and scheduled debt maturities. Although we may be able to anticipate and plan for certain of our liquidity needs, unexpected increases in uses of cash that are beyond our control and which affect our financial condition and results of operations may arise, or our sources of liquidity may be fewer than, and the funds available from such sources may be less than, anticipated or required. As of the date of this filing, there were no known commitments or events that would have a material impact on our liquidity.

Equity

On March 27, 2017, we completed an underwritten public offering of an aggregate of 4,945,000 shares of our common stock, including 645,000 shares sold pursuant the underwriters exercise in full of their option to purchase additional shares. The shares were offered on a forward basis in connection with certain forward sales agreements entered into with certain financial institutions, acting as forward purchasers. Pursuant to the forward sales agreements, the forward purchasers borrowed and the forward sellers, acting as agents for the forward purchasers, sold an aggregate of 4,945,000 shares in the public offering. On September 11, 2017, the Company physically settled the forward sales agreements by issuing an aggregate of 4,945,000 shares of common stock in exchange for approximately $92.7 million in gross proceeds.

On March 3, 2017, we entered into equity distribution agreements with each of Citigroup Global Markets Inc., BTIG, LLC, Jefferies LLC, Raymond James & Associates, Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc., whom we refer to collectively as, the managers, pursuant to which we may issue and sell the shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $100.0 million from time to time through the managers, acting as sales agents and/or principals, which we refer to as our ATM program. The sales of shares of our common stock, under the equity distribution agreements may be made in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the ATM program as of December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

We have used the proceeds from such sales for general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately $66.4 million of gross sales of our common stock available under on our ATM program.

On October 4, 2017, the Company acquired FEMA - Tracy for which it paid as partial consideration 575,707 common units.  The issuance of the common units was effected in reliance upon an exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

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Debt

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the indebtedness outstanding as of December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

On March 20, 2017 we fully drew $100.0 million on our senior unsecured term loan facility which we entered into on September 29, 2016.

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On May 25, 2017, our operating partnership issued $175 million of fixed rate, senior unsecured notes, which we refer to as our senior unsecured notes, in a private placement pursuant to a purchase agreement we entered into with the purchasers of the senior unsecured notes, which we refer to as the purchase agreement. Our senior unsecured notes are unconditionally guaranteed by the Company and various subsidiaries of our operating partnership, which we refer to as our subsidiary guarantors.

Subject to the terms of the purchase agreement and our senior unsecured notes, upon certain events of default, including, but not limited to, (i) a default in the payment of any principal, “make-whole” amount or interest under our senior unsecured notes, and (ii) a default in the payment of certain of our other indebtedness, the principal and accrued and unpaid interest and the make-whole amount on the outstanding senior unsecured notes will become due and payable at the option of the holders. The purchase agreement and the senior unsecured notes also contain various covenants, including, among others, financial covenants with respect to debt service coverage, consolidated net worth, fixed charges and consolidated leverage and covenants relating to liens. If we breach any of these covenants, the principal and accrued and unpaid interest and the make-whole amount on our outstanding senior unsecured notes will become due and payable at the option of the holders.

We may prepay at any time all, or from time to time any part of, our senior unsecured notes, in the amount not less than 5% of the aggregate principal amount of our senior unsecured notes then outstanding at (i) 100% of the principal amount so prepaid, together with accrued interest, and (ii) a make-whole amount that is calculated by discounting the value of the remaining scheduled interest payments that would otherwise be payable through the scheduled maturity date of the applicable notes on the principal amount being prepaid. We have the right to make tender offers and are required to make other prepayment offers under the terms set forth in the purchase agreement.

On June 28, 2017, we, through a wholly-owned subsidiary of our operating partnership, entered into a $127.5 million mortgage loan secured by VA – Loma Linda.

Our senior unsecured credit facility, senior unsecured term loan facility, senior unsecured notes, and mortgage notes are subject to ongoing compliance with a number of financial and other covenants. As of December 31, 2017, we were in compliance with the applicable financial covenants.

The chart below details our debt capital structure as of December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2017 (amounts in thousands):

 

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Dividend Policy

In order to qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute to our stockholders, on an annual basis, at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains. We anticipate distributing all of our taxable income. We expect to make quarterly distributions to our stockholders in a manner intended to satisfy this requirement. Prior to making any distributions for U.S. federal tax purposes or otherwise, we must first satisfy our operating and debt service obligations. It is possible that it would be necessary to utilize cash reserves, liquidate assets at unfavorable prices or incur additional indebtedness in order to make required distributions. It is also possible that the board of directors could decide to make required distributions in part by using shares of our common stock.

A summary of dividends declared by the board of directors per share of common stock and per common unit of our operating partnership at the date of record is as follows:

 

Prior to the end of the performance period as set forth in the applicable LTIP unit award, holders of LTIP units are entitled to receive dividends per LTIP unit equal to 10% of the dividend paid per common unit of our operating partnership.  After the end of the performance period, the number of LTIP units, both vested and unvested, that LTIP award recipients have earned, if any, are entitled to receive dividends in an amount per LTIP unit equal to dividends, both regular and special, payable per common unit of our operating partnership.

Cash Flow

As noted above, following the completion of our initial public offering, our predecessor no longer uses investment company accounting to account for the assets contributed from the private real estate funds that our predecessor controlled. Instead, we now account for these assets using historical cost accounting. Moving from investment company accounting to historical cost accounting has resulted in a significant change in the classification of our cash flows. We indirectly own all of the assets of the Easterly Funds acquired in the formation transactions and we account for these assets using historical cost accounting. The classification of our cash flows following the formation transactions differs significantly from, and is not comparable with, the historical classification of our predecessor’s cash flows. For example, the purchase and sale of investments by the Easterly Funds historically was treated as an operating activity per investment company accounting and such purchases and sales were shown net of any related mortgage debt entered into upon acquisition or repaid upon sale. In addition, the net income for our predecessor historically reflected significant unrealized gains or losses relating to properties owned by these funds. Any unrealized gains or losses are reversed to arrive at net cash flow provided by or used in operating activities. Gains or losses arising from sales of properties owned by us directly or through our consolidated subsidiaries are only recognized by us when realized. Once historical cost accounting is applied, the acquisition of investments and the proceeds of sales are reflected in net cash provided by investing activities.

Comparison of Cash Flow for the Years Ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016

The following table sets forth a summary of cash flows for our company for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:

Operating Activities

The company generated $49.2 million and $47.4 million of cash from operating activities during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 includes $53.2 million in net cash from rental activities net of expenses offset by $4.0 million related to the change in rents receivable, accounts receivable, prepaid and other assets, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities. Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended

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December 31, 2016 includes $47.7 million in net cash from rental activities net of expenses offset by $0.3 million related to the change in rents receivable, accounts receivable, prepaid and other assets, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities.

Investing Activities

The company used $397.7 million and $170.2 million in cash for investing activities during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 primarily includes $404.0 million in real estate acquisitions related to the purchase of four operating properties and two properties in development and $3.9 million in additions to operating properties partially offset by $10.5 million in proceeds from the sale of one operating property. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 primarily includes $166.6 million in real estate acquisitions related to the purchase of seven operating properties and one property placed in development.

Financing Activities

The company generated $356.4 million and $119.5 million in cash from financing activities during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 includes $100.0 million in draws under our senior unsecured term loan facility, $175.0 million in proceeds from the issuance of senior unsecured notes, $127.5 million in mortgage notes, $126.3 million in gross proceeds from issuance of shares of our common stock, offset by $112.4 million in net pay downs under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility, $49.2 million in dividends, $3.4 million in payment of deferred financing costs, $4.5 million in payment of deferred offering costs and $3.0 million in mortgage debt repayment. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 includes $110.0 million in proceeds from the issuance of shares of our common stock and $57.8 million in net draw downs on our senior unsecured credit facility offset by $40.3 million in dividends and distributions paid, $4.2 million in offering costs, $2.9 million in mortgage debt repayment and $0.9 million in additional deferred financing costs associated with our senior unsecured term loan facility.

Comparison of Cash Flow for the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015

The following table sets forth a summary of cash flows for our company for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:

Operating Activities

The company generated $47.4 million and $30.0 million of cash from operating activities during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 includes $47.7 million in net cash from rental activities net of expenses offset by $0.3 million related to the change in rents receivable, accounts receivable, prepaid and other assets, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities. Net cash from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 includes $29.9 million in rental activities net of expenses and $0.1 million related to the change in rents receivable, accounts receivable, prepaid and other assets, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities.

Investing Activities

The company used $170.2 million and $164.6 million in cash for investing activities during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 primarily includes $166.6 million in real estate acquisitions related to the purchase of seven operating properties and one property placed in development. Net cash used for investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 includes $170.2 million related to the purchase of seven new properties purchased subsequent to our initial public offering offset by $6.2 million in cash assumed in formation.  

Financing Activities

The company generated $119.5 million and $111.3 million in cash from financing activities during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2016 includes $110.0 million in proceeds from the issuance of shares of our common stock and $57.8 million in net draw downs on our senior unsecured

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credit facility offset by $40.3 million in dividends and distributions paid, $4.2 million in offering costs, $2.9 million in mortgage debt repayment and $0.9 million in additional deferred financing costs associated with our senior unsecured term loan facility. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 includes $193.5 million net proceeds from our initial public offering, $75.6 million of contributions related to the private placement that occurred simultaneously with our initial public offering, and $154.4 million in credit facility draws offset by $293.4 million in debt repayment as part of the formation transaction, $5.4 million in distributions, $3.5 million in deferred financing costs paid, $21.5 million in dividends and $2.0 million of offering costs.  Additionally, we entered into $15.7 million of mortgage debt upon the acquisition of DEA-Pleasanton in the fourth quarter of 2015.  

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We use and present Funds From Operations, or FFO, and FFO, as Adjusted as supplemental measures of our performance. The summary below describes our use of FFO and FFO, as Adjusted, provides information regarding why we believe these measures are meaningful supplemental measures of our performance and reconciles these measures from net income (loss), presented in accordance with GAAP.

Funds From Operations and Funds From Operations, as Adjusted

FFO, is a supplemental measure of our performance. We present FFO calculated in accordance with the current National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, definition. In addition, we present FFO, as Adjusted for certain other adjustments that we believe enhance the comparability of our FFO across periods and to the FFO reported by other publicly traded REITs. FFO is a supplemental performance measure that is commonly used in the real estate industry to assist investors and analysts in comparing results of REITs.

FFO is defined by NAREIT as net income (loss), calculated in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from sales of property and impairment losses on depreciable real estate, plus real estate depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. We present FFO because we consider it an important supplemental measure of our operating performance, and we believe it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of REITs, many of which present FFO when reporting results.

We adjust FFO to present FFO, as Adjusted as an alternative measure of our operating performance, which, when applicable, excludes the impact of acquisition costs, straight-line rent, above-/below-market leases, non-cash interest expense and non-cash compensation. By excluding income and expense items such as straight-line rent, above-/below-market leases, non-cash interest expense, non-cash compensation and other non-cash items including amortization of lease inducements from FFO, as Adjusted, we believe we provide useful information as these items have no cash impact.  In addition, by excluding acquisition related costs we believe FFO, as Adjusted provides useful information that is comparable across periods and more accurately reflects the operating performance of our properties.  

FFO and FFO, as Adjusted are presented as supplemental financial measures and do not fully represent our operating performance. Other REITs may use different methodologies for calculating FFO and FFO, as Adjusted or use other definitions of FFO and FFO, as Adjusted and, accordingly, our presentation of these measures may not be comparable to other REITs. Neither FFO nor FFO, as Adjusted is intended to be a measure of cash flow or liquidity. Please refer to our financial statements, prepared in accordance with GAAP, for purposes of evaluating our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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The following table sets forth a reconciliation of our net income to FFO and FFO, as Adjusted for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 (in thousands):

 

Factors That May Influence Future Results of Operations

Formation Transactions

While the Easterly Funds, which were controlled by our predecessor, qualified for investment company accounting, following our initial public offering, we have used historical cost accounting instead of investment company accounting to account for the properties owned by the Easterly Funds. Moving from investment company accounting to historical cost accounting resulted in a significant change in the presentation of our consolidated financial statements following the formation transactions. Therefore our financial condition and results of operations after our initial public offering differ significantly from, and are not be comparable with, the historical financial position and results of operations of our predecessor.

Revenue

Our revenues primarily arise from the rental of space to tenants in our properties and tenant reimbursements, which include reimbursement for operating expenses, which are determined by the base year operating expenses and are subject to reimbursement in subsequent years based on changes in the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers, or urban CPI. Tenant reimbursements also include amounts due from tenants for real estate taxes, projects and other reimbursements. Real estate taxes over the base year are reimbursed by the tenant.

Substantially all of our rental income comes from U.S. Government tenants. We expect that leases to agencies of the U.S. Government will continue to be our primary source of revenues for the foreseeable future. Due to such concentration, adverse events or conditions that affect the U.S. Government could have a more negative effect on our financial condition and operations than if our tenant base was more diverse. However, positive or negative changes in conditions in local markets, such as changes in economic or other conditions, employment rates, local tax and budget conditions, recession, competition for real property investments in these markets, uncertainty about the future and other factors are significantly less likely to impact our overall performance.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses generally consist of repairs and maintenance, utilities, roads and grounds, property management fees, insurance, cleaning and other operating expenses. Factors that may impact our ability to control these operating expenses include increases in insurance premiums, increases in third party management expenses, increases in repair and maintenance costs and expenses related to inclement weather. Additionally, the cost of compliance with zoning and building codes as well as local, state and federal tax laws may impact our expenses. As a public company our annual general and administrative expenses are meaningfully higher due to legal, insurance, accounting, audit and other expenses related to corporate governance, SEC reporting, other compliance matters and the costs of operating as a public company. Increases in costs from any of the foregoing factors may adversely affect our future results and cash flows. Circumstances such as declines in market rental rates or increased competition may cause revenues to decrease, although the expenses of owning and operating a property will not necessarily decline. For certain of our properties, expenses may vary with occupancy, while costs arising from our property investments, interest expense and general maintenance will

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not be materially reduced even if a property is not fully occupied. As a result, our future cash flow and results of operations may be adversely affected and losses could be incurred if revenues decrease in the future.

Cost of Funds and Interest Rates

We expect future changes in interest rates will impact our overall performance. We manage and may continue to manage our market risk on variable rate debt by entering into interest rate swap agreements or similar instruments, subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Although we may seek to cost-effectively manage our exposure to future rate increases through such means, a portion of our overall debt may at various times float at then current rates.

Development Activities

As of December 31, 2017, we had three properties under development.  We intend to continue to engage in development and redevelopment activities with respect to our properties, including build-to-suit new developments and redevelopments for existing U.S. Government tenant agencies. These development activities may include some risks such as:

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We had no material off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2017.

Inflation

Substantially all of our leases provide for operating expense escalations. We believe inflationary increases in expenses may be at least partially offset by the contractual expense escalations described above. We do not believe inflation has had a material impact on our historical financial position or results of operations.

Critical Accounting Policies of the Company

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to use judgment in the application of accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions. If our judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to various transactions had been different, or different assumptions were made, it is possible that different accounting policies would have been applied, resulting in different financial results or a different presentation of our financial statements. Below is a discussion of the accounting policies that we consider critical to an understanding of our financial condition and operating results that may require complex or significant judgment in their application or require estimates about matters which are inherently uncertain. A discussion of our significant accounting policies, including further discussion of the accounting policies described below, can be found in Note 2, "Significant Accounting Policies," of our consolidated financial statements.

Real Estate Properties

Real estate properties comprise all tangible assets we hold for rent or development. Real property is recognized at cost less accumulated depreciation. Acquisition costs related to business combinations, including third party transaction and direct internal costs are expensed as incurred.  Third party costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized. Development, re-development and certain costs directly related to the improvement of real properties are capitalized. Maintenance and repair expenses are charged to expense as incurred.

When we acquire properties, we allocate the purchase price to numerous tangible and intangible components. Our process for determining the allocation to these components requires many estimates and assumptions, including the following: (1) determination of market rental rates; (2) estimation of leasing and tenant improvement costs associated with the remaining term of acquired leases; (3) assumptions used in determining the in-place lease and if-vacant value including the rental rates, period of time that it would take

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to lease vacant space and estimated tenant improvement and leasing costs; (4) renewal probabilities; and (5) allocation of the if-vacant value between land and building. A change in any of the above key assumptions can materially change not only the presentation of acquired properties in our consolidated financial statements but also our reported results of operations. The allocation to different components affects the following:

Tenant improvements are capitalized in real property when we own the improvement. When we are required to provide improvements under the terms of a lease, we need to determine whether the improvements constitute landlord assets or tenant assets. If the improvements are considered landlord assets, we capitalize the cost of the improvements and recognize depreciation expense associated with such improvements over the shorter of the useful life of the assets or the term of the lease and recognize any payments from the tenant as rental revenue over the term of the lease. If the improvements are considered tenant assets, we defer the cost of improvements funded by us as a lease incentive asset and amortize it as a reduction of rental revenue over the term of the lease. Our determination of whether improvements are landlord assets or tenant assets also may affect when we commence revenue recognition in connection with a lease. In determining whether improvements constitute landlord or tenant assets, we consider numerous factors that may require subjective or complex judgments, including: whether the improvements are unique to the tenant or reusable by other tenants; whether the tenant is permitted to alter or remove the improvements without our consent or without compensating us for any lost fair value; whether the ownership of the improvements remains with us or remains with the tenant at the end of the lease term; and whether the economic substance of the lease terms is properly reflected.

We capitalize pre-development costs incurred in pursuit of new development opportunities for which we currently believe future development is probable. Additionally, we capitalize interest expense, real estate taxes and direct and indirect project costs (including related compensation and other indirect costs) associated with properties, or portions thereof, undergoing construction, development and redevelopment activities. In capitalizing interest expense, if there is a specific borrowing for the property undergoing construction, development and redevelopment activities, we apply the interest rate of that borrowing to the average accumulated expenditures that do not exceed such borrowing; for the portion of expenditures exceeding any such specific borrowing, we apply our weighted average interest rate on other borrowings to the expenditures. We continue to capitalize costs while construction, development or redevelopment activities are underway until the building is substantially complete and ready for its intended use.

Depreciation of an asset begins when it is available for use and is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives. Each period, depreciation is charged to expense and credited to the related accumulated depreciation account. A used asset acquired is depreciated over its estimated remaining useful life, not to exceed the life of a new asset. Range of useful lives for depreciable assets are as follows:

 

 

We regularly evaluate whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could indicate an impairment in the value of long lived assets. If there is an indication that the carrying value of an asset is not recoverable, we estimate the projected undiscounted cash flows to determine if an impairment loss should be recognized. We determine the amount of any impairment loss by comparing the historical carrying value to estimated fair value. We estimate fair value through an evaluation of recent financial performance and projected discounted cash flows using standard industry valuation techniques. In addition to consideration of

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impairment upon the events or changes in circumstances described above, we regularly evaluate the remaining lives of our long lived assets. If we change our estimate of the remaining lives, we allocate the carrying value of the affected assets over their revised remaining lives.

Revenue Recognition

Rental income includes base rents paid by each tenant in accordance with its lease agreement conditions. We recognize rental income on a straight-line basis over the lease term of the respective leases. For acquisitions of existing buildings, we recognize rental income from leases already in place coincident with the date of property closing. Lease incentives are recorded as a deferred asset and amortized as a reduction of revenue on a straight-line basis over the respective lease term. Above- and below-market leases are amortized into rental income over the terms of the respective leases.

Tenant reimbursement income (scheduled rent increases based on increases in real estate taxes, operating expenses and utility usage, projects and other reimbursements) is recognized by us in the consolidated statements of operations once services are rendered, fees are determinable and collectability is assured. We recognize revenue from tenant construction projects using the percentage of completion method when the revenue and costs for such projects can be estimated with reasonable accuracy; when these criteria do not apply to a project, we recognize revenue from that project using the completed contract method. Under the percentage of completion method, we recognize a percentage of the total estimated revenue on a project based on the cost of services provided on the project as of a point in time relative to the total estimated costs on the project. For the year ended December 31, 2017, we incurred $3.8 million in expenses associated with projects and other services that were fully reimbursed by our tenants and $0.6 million in associated income. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we incurred $3.8 million in expenses associated with projects and other services that were fully reimbursed by our tenants and $0.5 million in associated income.  For the year ended December 31, 2015, we incurred $1.2 million in expenses associated with projects and other services that were fully reimbursed by our tenants and $0.2 million in associated income.  Fully reimbursed income was included within “Tenant reimbursements” and associated expenses were included in “Property operating” expenses.  Income on these projects was included in “Other income”.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers and will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance when it becomes effective. This amendment applies to all contracts with customers except those that are within the scope of other topics in the FASB ASC (“Accounting Standards Codification”). In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period.

The Company will adopt ASU 2014-09 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company has evaluated the impact of this new guidance and notes the adoption of this guidance will not be material to its financial results. Additional information about the Company’s revenue streams and other considerations are summarized below.

Rental income from real property – is derived from rental agreements, whereby 44 of the Company’s operating properties are leased primarily to the U.S. Government and two of the Company’s operating properties are entirely leased to private tenants. Rental income from real property is specifically excluded from ASU 2014-09.  

Tenant reimbursements – is comprised of tenant reimbursements for real estate taxes, and certain other expenses, as well as tenant construction project reimbursements that consist primarily of subcontracted costs that are reimbursed to us by the tenant. Reimbursements from real estate taxes and certain other expenses are not included within the scope of ASU 2014-09. After adoption of ASU 2014-09, we believe that we will account for tenant construction project reimbursement arrangements using the percentage of completion method, which is the method we have used historically.

Other income – is comprised primarily of the management fee income associated with tenant construction project reimbursements. After adoption of ASU 2014-09 we believe that we will account for the management fee associated with tenant construction project reimbursements using the percentage of completion method, which is the method we have used historically.

Once the new guidance setting forth principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases (discussed below) goes into effect, we believe that the new revenue standard may apply to executory costs and other components of revenue due under leases that are deemed to be non-lease components, even when the revenue for such activities is not separately stipulated in the lease. In that case, then revenue from these items previously recognized on a straight-line basis under current lease

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guidance would be recognized under the new revenue guidance as the related services are delivered. As a result, while the total revenue recognized over time would not differ under the new guidance, the recognition pattern could be different. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the significance of the difference in the recognition pattern that would result from this change.  

The Company is continuing to evaluate the disclosure requirements in the guidance and has not determined the impact on the footnote disclosures to its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e., lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for in the same manner as operating leases today.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had a sublease for office space in Washington D.C. expiring in June 2021 and a lease for office space in San Diego, CA expiring in April 2022.  The remaining contractual payments under the Company’s lease and sublease for office space aggregate $1.9 million.

The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases.  As discussed in further detail above, in connection with the new revenue guidance, we believe that the new revenue standard may apply to executory costs and other components of revenue deemed to be non-lease components, even when the revenue for such activities is not separately stipulated in the lease. In that case, we would need to separate the lease components of revenue due under leases from the non-lease components. Under the new guidance, we would continue to recognize the lease components of lease revenue on a straight-line basis over our respective lease terms as we do under prior guidance. However, we would recognize the non-lease components under the new revenue guidance as the related services are delivered. As a result, while the total revenue recognized over time would not differ under the new guidance, the recognition pattern could be different. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the significance of the difference in the recognition pattern that would result from this change.  

Additionally, ASU 2016-02 will require that lessees and lessors capitalize, as initial direct costs, only those costs that are incurred due to the execution of a lease.  Under ASU 2016-02, allocated payroll costs and other costs that are incurred regardless of whether the lease is obtained will no longer be capitalized as initial direct costs and instead will be expensed as incurred.  

ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for reporting periods beginning January 1, 2019, with modified retrospective application for each reporting period presented at the time of adoption. Early adoption is also permitted for this guidance. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of this new guidance.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. Our future earnings, cash flows and fair values relevant to financial instruments are dependent upon prevailing market interest rates. Our primary market risk results from our indebtedness, which bears interest at both fixed and variable rates. We manage and may continue to manage our market risk on variable rate debt by entering into swap arrangements to, in effect, fix the rate on all or a portion of the debt for varying periods up to maturity. This in turn, reduces the risks of variability of cash flows created by variable rate debt and mitigates the risk of increases in interest rates. Our objective when undertaking such arrangements will be to reduce our floating rate exposure and we do not intend to enter into hedging arrangements for speculative purposes.

As of December 31, 2017, $464.2 million, or 80.1% of our debt, excluding unamortized premiums and discounts, had fixed interest rates and $115.5 million, or 19.9% had variable interest rates.  If market rates of interest on our variable rate debt fluctuate by 25 basis points, interest expense would increase or decrease, depending on rate movement, future earnings and cash flows, by $0.3 million annually.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

This item is included in a separate section at the end of this report beginning on page F-1.

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management carried out an evaluation required by the Exchange Act, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a -15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, as of December 31, 2017. Based on this evaluation our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2017, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act). Our management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2017. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013 Framework). Based on our assessment management concluded that, as of December 31, 2017, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which appears on page F-2 of this Annual Report on Form 10 K.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2017 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

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PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

The information required by Item 10 will be set forth in our Definitive Proxy Statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which we anticipate will be filed no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or our Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The information required by Item 11 will be set forth in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The following table summarizes certain information about our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2017.

 

 

Additional information concerning security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management required by Item 12 will be set forth in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by Item 13 will be set forth in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.

The information required by Item 14 will be set forth in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

The financial statements listed in the accompanying index to financial statements beginning on page F-1 are filed as a part of this report.

The financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index to financial statements beginning on page S-1 are filed as a part of this report.

All other schedules for which provision is made in Regulation S-X are either not required to be included herein under the related instructions or are inapplicable or the related information is included in the footnotes to the applicable financial statement and, therefore, have been omitted.

The following documents are filed as exhibits to this report:

 

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Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

Not applicable.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, State of New York, on March 1, 2018.

 

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

 

 

 

 

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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

 

 

 

F-1

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Easterly Government Properties, Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Easterly Government Properties, Inc. and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, including the related notes and schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB.  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

F-2

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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

 

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

March 1, 2018

 

We have served as the Company’s or its predecessor’s auditor since 2014.

 

 

F-3

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Easterly Government Properties, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Amounts in thousands, except share amounts)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

F-4

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Easterly Government Properties, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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Easterly Government Properties, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Amounts in thousands, except share amounts)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Easterly Government Properties, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(Amounts in thousands, except share amounts)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Easterly Government Properties, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Amounts in thousands)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Easterly Government Properties, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Amounts in thousands)

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information is as follows (amounts in thousands):

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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Easterly Government Properties, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Easterly Government Properties, Inc. (which may be referred to in these financial statements as the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a Maryland corporation that has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (a “REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2015. The operations of the Company are carried on primarily through Easterly Government Properties, LP (the “Operating Partnership”) and the wholly owned subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership.

We are an internally managed REIT, focused primarily on the acquisition, development, and management of Class A commercial properties that are leased to U.S. Government agencies that serve essential functions. We generate substantially all of our revenue by leasing our properties to such agencies either directly or through the U.S. General Services Administration (the “GSA”). Our objective is to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders over the long term through dividends and capital appreciation.

As of December 31, 2017, we wholly owned 46 operating properties in the United States, including 44 operating properties that were leased primarily to U.S. Government tenant agencies and two operating properties that were entirely leased to private tenants, encompassing approximately 3.7 million square feet (square feet unaudited herein and throughout the Notes) in the aggregate. In addition, we wholly owned three properties under development encompassing approximately 0.3 million square feet. We focus on acquiring, developing, and managing U.S. Government-leased properties that are essential to supporting the mission of the tenant agency and strive to be a partner of choice for the U.S. Government, working closely with the tenant agency to meet its needs and objectives.

We were incorporated in Maryland as a corporation on October 9, 2014 and did not have any meaningful operations until the completion of the formation transactions and our initial public offering on February 11, 2015 (the “IPO”).

In connection with the IPO, we engaged in certain formation transactions (the “formation transactions”) pursuant to which the Operating Partnership acquired (i) 15 properties previously owned by the Easterly Funds (as defined below) in exchange for 3,308,000 shares of common stock and 8,635,714 common units of limited partnership interests in the Operating Partnership (“common units”) (ii) 14 properties previously owned by Western Devcon, Inc., a private real estate company and a series of related entities beneficially owned by Michael P. Ibe (collectively, “Western Devcon”), in exchange for 5,759,819 common units and (iii) all of the ownership interests in the management entities (as defined below) in exchange for 1,135,406 common units. Since the IPO through December 31, 2017, we have acquired 18 additional operating properties and three development properties.

Our predecessor (the “Predecessor”) means Easterly Partners, LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the IPO and formation transactions, including (i) all entities or interests in U.S. Government Properties Income and Growth Fund L.P., U.S. Government Properties Income and Growth Fund REIT, Inc. and the related feeder and subsidiary entities (collectively, “Easterly Fund I,”) (ii) all entities or interests in U.S. Government Properties Income and Growth Fund II, LP, USGP II REIT LP, USGP II (Parallel) Fund, LP and their related feeders and subsidiary entities (collectively, “Easterly Fund II” and, together with Easterly Fund I, the “Easterly Funds”) and (iii) the entities that managed the Easterly Funds, (the “management entities”).

All of the Company’s assets and its operations are primarily conducted through the Operating Partnership. The Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. The Company owned 84.4% of the Operating Partnership’s common units at December 31, 2017. We believe that we have operated and have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT for U.S federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2015.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company, including Easterly Government Properties TRS, LLC and Easterly Government Services, LLC, the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Upon completion of the IPO and the formation transactions, the Company succeeded to the operations of the Predecessor. Prior to the IPO, the Predecessor was under the control of Darrell W. Crate, the Chairman of our board of directors.

These financial statements reflect the consolidated equity ownership structure of the Company as if the IPO and the formation transactions related to the Easterly Funds and management entities had been completed as of January 1, 2014. The formation

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transactions related to the Easterly Funds and the management entities were accounted for at carryover basis due to the existence of common control.

Prior to the IPO, the Easterly Funds, as controlled by the Predecessor, qualified as investment companies pursuant to ASC 946 Financial Services – Investment Companies and, as a result, the Predecessor’s consolidated financial statements accounted for the Easterly Funds using specialized investment company accounting based on fair value. Subsequent to the IPO, as the properties contributed to us from the Easterly Funds are no longer held by funds that qualify for investment company accounting, we made a shift, in accordance with GAAP, to account for the properties contributed by the Easterly Funds using historical cost accounting instead of investment company accounting, resulting in a significant change in the presentation of our consolidated financial statements following the formation transactions. The contribution of the Western Devcon properties in the formation transactions has been accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting and recognized at the estimated fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities on the date of such contribution.

Due to the timing of the IPO and the formation transactions, the Company’s results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 reflect the results of operations of the Predecessor combined with the Company for the period prior to February 11, 2015, and the Company’s consolidated results for the period from February 11, 2015 through December 31, 2015.

 

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Revision of Previously Reported Consolidated Financial Statements

In connection with the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company identified an error in the estimated useful life utilized to amortize certain assets associated with three properties contributed at the time of the initial public offering in the first quarter of 2015. As a result of the error, Depreciation and amortization expense had been overstated and thereby Real estate properties, net, Intangible assets, net and Equity were understated. The Company concluded that the amounts are not material to any of its previously issued consolidated financial statements. However, to maintain proper comparability between our financial statements we have elected to revise prior periods. Accordingly, the Company has revised these balances in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2016 and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 as outlined below. The effects of this revision to the consolidated financial statements are as follows (in thousands, except for per share data).

 

 

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Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant Accounting Policies

In light of the significant differences that exist between our basis of accounting subsequent to the IPO (historical cost accounting) and the pre-IPO basis of accounting (investment company accounting), we present the significant accounting policies for both periods below.

a) Significant Accounting Policies for the Company post-IPO

Real Estate Properties

Real estate properties comprise all tangible assets we hold for rent or development. Real property is recognized at cost less accumulated depreciation. Acquisition costs related to business combinations, including third party transaction and direct internal costs are expensed as incurred.  Third party costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized. Development, re-development and certain costs directly related to the improvement of real properties are capitalized. Maintenance and repair expenses are charged to expense as incurred.

When we acquire properties, we allocate the purchase price to numerous tangible and intangible components. Our process for determining the allocation to these components requires many estimates and assumptions, including the following: (1) determination of market rental rates; (2) estimation of leasing and tenant improvement costs associated with the remaining term of acquired leases; (3) assumptions used in determining the in-place lease and if-vacant value including the rental rates, period of time that it would take to lease vacant space and estimated tenant improvement and leasing costs; (4) renewal probabilities; and (5) allocation of the if-vacant value between land and building. A change in any of the above key assumptions can materially change not only the presentation of acquired properties in our consolidated financial statements but also our reported results of operations. The allocation to different components affects the following:

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Tenant improvements are capitalized in real property when we own the improvement. When we are required to provide improvements under the terms of a lease, we need to determine whether the improvements constitute landlord assets or tenant assets. If the improvements are considered landlord assets, we capitalize the cost of the improvements and recognize depreciation expense associated with such improvements over the shorter of the useful life of the assets or the term of the lease and recognize any payments from the tenant as rental revenue over the term of the lease. If the improvements are considered tenant assets, we defer the cost of improvements funded by us as a lease incentive asset and amortize it as a reduction of rental revenue over the term of the lease. Our determination of whether improvements are landlord assets or tenant assets also may affect when we commence revenue recognition in connection with a lease. In determining whether improvements constitute landlord or tenant assets, we consider numerous factors that may require subjective or complex judgments, including: whether the improvements are unique to the tenant or reusable by other tenants; whether the tenant is permitted to alter or remove the improvements without our consent or without compensating us for any lost fair value; whether the ownership of the improvements remains with us or remains with the tenant at the end of the lease term; and whether the economic substance of the lease terms is properly reflected.

We capitalize pre-development costs incurred in pursuit of new development opportunities for which we currently believe future development is probable. Additionally, we capitalize interest expense, real estate taxes and direct and indirect project costs (including related compensation and other indirect costs) associated with properties, or portions thereof, undergoing construction, development and redevelopment activities. In capitalizing interest expense, if there is a specific borrowing for the property undergoing construction, development and redevelopment activities, we apply the interest rate of that borrowing to the average accumulated expenditures that do not exceed such borrowing; for the portion of expenditures exceeding any such specific borrowing, we apply our weighted average interest rate on other borrowings to the expenditures. We continue to capitalize costs while construction, development or redevelopment activities are underway until the building is substantially complete and ready for its intended use.

Depreciation of an asset begins when it is available for use and is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives. Each period, depreciation is charged to expense and credited to the related accumulated depreciation account. A used asset acquired is depreciated over its estimated remaining useful life, not to exceed the life of a new asset. Range of useful lives for depreciable assets are as follows:

 

 

We regularly evaluate whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could indicate an impairment in the value of long lived assets. If there is an indication that the carrying value of an asset is not recoverable, we estimate the projected undiscounted cash flows to determine if an impairment loss should be recognized. We determine the amount of any impairment loss by comparing the historical carrying value to estimated fair value. We estimate fair value through an evaluation of recent financial performance and projected discounted cash flows using standard industry valuation techniques. In addition to consideration of impairment upon the events or changes in circumstances described above, we regularly evaluate the remaining lives of our long lived assets. If we change our estimate of the remaining lives, we allocate the carrying value of the affected assets over their revised remaining lives.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include all cash and liquid investments that mature three months or less from when they are purchased. Cash equivalents are reported at cost, which approximates fair value. We maintain our cash in bank accounts in amounts that may exceed federally insured limits at times. We have not experienced any losses in these accounts and believe that we are not exposed to significant credit risk because our accounts are deposited with major financial institutions.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of amounts escrowed for future real estate taxes, insurance, capital expenditures and debt service, as required by certain of our mortgage debt agreements.

Rent Receivable and Accounts Receivable

Rent receivable and Accounts receivable on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets includes accrued rental income and other tenant accounts receivable, respectively.  The Company accrues rental and other tenant income earned, but not yet receivable, in accordance with GAAP.

F-13

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Deferred Costs

Deferred financing fees and debt issuance costs include costs incurred in obtaining debt that are capitalized and are presented as a direct deduction from the carry amount of the associated debt liability that is not a line-of-credit arrangement on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred financing fees and debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements are presented as an asset in prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The deferred financing fees and debt issuance costs are amortized through interest expense over the life of the respective loans on a basis which approximates the effective interest method. Any unamortized amounts upon early repayment of debt are written off in the period of repayment as a loss on extinguishment of debt. Fully amortized deferred financing fees and debt issuance costs are removed from the books upon maturity of the underlying debt.

Deferred offering costs include certain legal, accounting and other third party fees that are directly associated with in-process equity financings until such financings are consummated. After consummation of the equity financing, these costs are recorded as a reduction to capital. Should the equity financing no longer be considered probable of being consummated, the deferred offering costs would be expensed immediately as a charge to corporate general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Deferred leasing commissions include commissions, compensation costs of leasing personnel, and other direct and incremental costs incurred to obtain new tenant leases as well as to renew existing tenant leases, and are presented in prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Leasing commission are capitalized and amortized over the terms of the related leases upon lease commencement using the straight-line method. If a lease terminates prior to the expiration of its initial term, any unamortized costs related to the lease are accelerated into amortization expense. Changes in leasing commissions are presented in the cash flows from operating activities section of the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Interest Rate Swaps

The Company’s primary objective in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage exposure to interest rate movements.  To accomplish this objective, we primarily use interest rate swaps as part of our interest rate risk management strategy.  Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable- rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for our making fixed- rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.  Derivatives are used to hedge the cash flows associated with interest rates on existing debt as well as future debt.  We recognize derivatives as assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value.  We defer the effective portion of changes in fair value of the designated cash flow hedges to accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) or loss (“AOCL”) and reclassify such deferrals to interest expense as interest expense is recognized on the hedged forecasted transitions.  We recognize the ineffective portion of the change in fair value of interest rate derivatives directly in interest expense.  When an interest rate swap designated as a cash flow hedge no longer qualified for hedge accounting, we recognize changes in fair value of the hedge previously deferred to AOCI or AOCL, along with any changes in fair value occurring thereafter, through earnings.  We do not use interest rate derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.  We manage counterparty risk by only entering into contracts with major financial institutions based upon their credit ratings and other risk factors.  

We use standard market conventions and techniques such as discounted cash flow analysis, option pricing models, replacement cost and termination cost in computing the fair value of derivatives at each balance sheet date.  The Company made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio.

Please refer to Note 5 for more information pertaining to interest rate derivatives.

Non-Controlling Interests

Non-controlling interests relate to the common units of the Operating Partnership not owned by the Company. Unitholders receive a distribution per unit equivalent to the dividend per share of the Company’s common stock. Pursuant to the consolidation accounting standard with respect to the accounting and reporting for non-controlling interest changes and changes in ownership interest of a subsidiary, changes in parent’s ownership interest when the parent retains controlling interest in the subsidiary should be accounted for as equity transactions. The carrying amount of the non-controlling interest shall be adjusted to reflect the change in its ownership interest in the subsidiary, with the offset to equity attributable to the Company.

Revenue Recognition

Rental income includes base rents paid by each tenant in accordance with its lease agreement conditions. We recognize rental income on a straight-line basis over the lease term of the respective leases. For acquisitions of existing buildings, we recognize rental

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income from leases already in place coincident with the date of property closing. Lease incentives are recorded as a deferred asset and amortized as a reduction of revenue on a straight-line basis over the respective lease term. Above- and below-market leases are amortized into rental income over the terms of the respective leases.

Tenant reimbursement income (scheduled rent increases based on increases in real estate taxes, operating expenses and utility usage, projects and other reimbursements) is recognized by us in the consolidated statements of operations once services are rendered, fees are determinable and collectability is assured. We recognize revenue from tenant construction projects using the percentage of completion method when the revenue and costs for such projects can be estimated with reasonable accuracy; when these criteria do not apply to a project, we recognize revenue from that project using the completed contract method. Under the percentage of completion method, we recognize a percentage of the total estimated revenue on a project based on the cost of services provided on the project as of a point in time relative to the total estimated costs on the project. For the year ended December 31, 2017, we incurred $3.8 million in expenses associated with projects and other services that were fully reimbursed by our tenants and earned $0.6 million in associated income. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we incurred $3.8 million in expenses associated with projects and other services that were fully reimbursed by our tenants and earned $0.5 million in associated income.  For the year ended December 31, 2015, we incurred $1.2 million in expenses associated with projects and other services that were fully reimbursed by our tenants and $0.2 million in associated income.  Fully reimbursed income was included within “Tenant reimbursements” and associated expenses were included in “Property operating” expenses.  Income on these projects was included in “Other income”.

Income Taxes

We believe that we have operated and have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2015. So long as we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our net income that we distribute to our stockholders. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required under the Code to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains) to our stockholders and meet certain other requirements. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Even if we qualify as a REIT, we will be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income and property, and on taxable income that we do not distribute to our stockholders. In addition, we may provide services that are not customarily provided by a landlord, hold properties for sale and engage in other activities (such as a management business) through Taxable REIT Subsidiaries (“TRSs”) and the income of those subsidiaries will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we did not incur any material tax liability associated with any of the above.

We do not anticipate any potential expense related to uncertain tax positions as we closely monitor our REIT compliance, do not have any prohibited transactions related to property sales, and neither the states in which we operate nor our foreign investors subject us to withholding tax requirements.

The following table reconciles GAAP net income to taxable income:

 

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Stock Based Compensation

The Company grants equity-based compensation awards to its officers, employees and non-employee directors in the form of restricted shares of common stock and long-term incentive plan units in the Operating Partnership (“LTIP units”).  See Note 7 (Equity) for further discussion of restricted shares of common stock and LTIP units. The restricted shares of common stock and LTIP units issued to officers, employees, and non-employee directors vest over a period of time as determined by our board of directors at the date of grant. The Company recognizes compensation expense for non-vested restricted shares of common stock and LTIP units granted to officers, employees and non-employee directors on a straight-line basis over the requisite service and/or performance period based upon the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant, as adjusted for forfeitures.

Earnings Per Share of Common Stock Amount

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income available to Easterly Government Properties Inc. by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, excluding the weighted average number of unvested restricted shares. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period plus other potentially dilutive securities such as unvested restricted shares that would be issued in the event that common units of the Operating Partnership are redeemed for shares of common stock of the Company. Unvested restricted shares and LTIP units are considered participating securities which require the use of the two-class method for the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share.

Segments

The Company manages its operations as a single segment for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. All revenue has been generated and all tangible assets are held in the United States.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

On January 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805), which clarifies the framework for determining whether an integrated set of assets and activities meets the definition of a business. The revised framework establishes a screen for determining whether an integrated set of assets and activities is a business and narrows the definition of a business, which is expected to result in fewer transactions being accounted for as business combinations. Acquisitions of integrated sets of assets and activities that do not meet the definition of a business are accounted for as asset acquisitions. As a result, the Company believes most of our future acquisitions of operating properties will qualify as asset acquisitions and third-party transaction costs associated with these acquisitions will be capitalized while internal acquisition costs will continue to be expensed.

On January 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which identifies areas for simplification involving several aspects of accounting for share-based payment transactions. The new guidance allows for entities to make an entity-wide accounting policy election to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures when they occur. In addition, the guidance allows employers to withhold shares to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding requirements up to the employees’ maximum individual tax rate without causing the award to be classified as a liability. The guidance also stipulates that cash paid by an employer to a taxing authority when directly withholding shares for tax-withholding purposes should be classified as a financing activity on the statement of cash flows. The implementation of this update did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers and will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance when it becomes effective. This amendment applies to all contracts with customers except those that are within the scope of other topics in the FASB ASC (“Accounting Standards Codification”). In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period.

The Company will adopt ASU 2014-09 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company has evaluated the impact of this new guidance and notes the adoption of this guidance will not be material to its financial results. Additional information about the Company’s revenue streams and other considerations are summarized below.

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Rental income from real property – is derived from rental agreements, whereby 44 of the Company’s operating properties are leased primarily to the U.S. Government and two of the Company’s operating properties are entirely leased to private tenants. Rental income from real property is specifically excluded from ASU 2014-09.  

Tenant reimbursements – is comprised of tenant reimbursements for real estate taxes, and certain other expenses, as well as tenant construction project reimbursements that consist primarily of subcontracted costs that are reimbursed to us by the tenant. Reimbursements from real estate taxes and certain other expenses are not included within the scope of ASU 2014-09. After adoption of ASU 2014-09, we believe that we will account for tenant construction project reimbursement arrangements using the percentage of completion method, which is the method we have used historically.

Other income – is comprised primarily of the management fee income associated with tenant construction project reimbursements. After adoption of ASU 2014-09 we believe that we will account for the management fee associated with tenant construction project reimbursements using the percentage of completion method, which is the method we have used historically.

Once the new guidance setting forth principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases (discussed below) goes into effect, we believe that the new revenue standard may apply to executory costs and other components of revenue due under leases that are deemed to be non-lease components, even when the revenue for such activities is not separately stipulated in the lease. In that case, then revenue from these items previously recognized on a straight-line basis under current lease guidance would be recognized under the new revenue guidance as the related services are delivered. As a result, while the total revenue recognized over time would not differ under the new guidance, the recognition pattern could be different. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the significance of the difference in the recognition pattern that would result from this change.  

The Company is continuing to evaluate the disclosure requirements in the guidance and has not determined the impact on the footnote disclosures to its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e., lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for in the same manner as operating leases today.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had a sublease for office space in Washington D.C. expiring in June 2021 and a lease for office space in San Diego, CA expiring in April 2022.  The remaining contractual payments under the Company’s lease and sublease for office space aggregate $1.9 million.

The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases.  As discussed in further detail above, in connection with the new revenue guidance, we believe that the new revenue standard may apply to executory costs and other components of revenue deemed to be non-lease components, even when the revenue for such activities is not separately stipulated in the lease. In that case, we would need to separate the lease components of revenue due under leases from the non-lease components. Under the new guidance, we would continue to recognize the lease components of lease revenue on a straight-line basis over our respective lease terms as we do under prior guidance. However, we would recognize the non-lease components under the new revenue guidance as the related services are delivered. As a result, while the total revenue recognized over time would not differ under the new guidance, the recognition pattern could be different. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the significance of the difference in the recognition pattern that would result from this change.  

Additionally, ASU 2016-02 will require that lessees and lessors capitalize, as initial direct costs, only those costs that are incurred due to the execution of a lease.  Under ASU 2016-02, allocated payroll costs and other costs that are incurred regardless of whether the lease is obtained will no longer be capitalized as initial direct costs and instead will be expensed as incurred.  

ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for reporting periods beginning January 1, 2019, with modified retrospective application for each reporting period presented at the time of adoption. Early adoption is also permitted for this guidance. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of this new guidance.

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In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), which provides classification guidance for certain cash receipts and cash payments including payment of debt extinguishment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments, insurance claim payments and distributions from equity method investees. The Company will adopt the standard effective January 1, 2018 and the implementation of this update will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), which requires that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. Upon the adoption of ASU 2016-18, the Company will reconcile both cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in the accompanying Statements of Cash Flows, whereas under the current guidance the Company explains the changes during the period for cash and cash equivalents only. The Company will adopt the standard effective January 1, 2018.

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-05, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets. This ASU clarifies the scope and accounting of a financial asset that meets the definition of an “in-substance nonfinancial asset” and defines the term “in-substance nonfinancial asset.”  This ASU also adds guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets.  The Company will adopt the standard effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method and the implementation of this update will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The purpose of this updated guidance is to better align a company’s financial reporting for hedging activities with the economic objectives of those activities. The transition guidance provides companies with the option of either adopting the new standard early using a modified retrospective transition method in any interim period after issuance of the update, or alternatively adopting the new standard for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. This adoption method may require the Company to recognize the cumulative effect of initially applying the ASU as an adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income with a corresponding adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year that an entity adopts the update. While the Company continues to assess all potential impacts of the standard, we do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

b) Significant Accounting Policies of the Company pre-IPO

Real Estate Investments

Real estate investments represent investments in real estate entities that own real estate assets and are stated at the fair value of the net equity interest in the real estate investments as discussed below. Subsequent changes in fair value are recorded as unrealized gains or losses. Upon the disposition of a real estate investment, realized gains and losses are determined by deducting the proceeds received by the Predecessor from the basis of the real estate investment; any previously unrealized gains and losses are reversed.

Distributions from real estate entities are recorded as dividend income when received to the extent distributed from the estimated taxable earnings and profits of the underlying investment vehicle and as a return of capital to the extent not in excess of that amount.

Under investment company accounting, the statements of operations reflect the change in fair value of the real estate investments of the Easterly Funds, prior to the IPO, whether realized or unrealized.

Fair Value of Investments

The fair value of the real estate investments is determined using a fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy is based on the observability of inputs used to measure fair value and requires additional disclosure regarding the fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between marketplace participants at the measurement date (exit price). The fair value of an asset or a liability disregards transaction costs and assumes the asset or liability’s highest and best use. As the investments are in entities that invest in real estate, the estimated values are based on the underlying assets, liabilities, and cash flows of the related properties. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

 

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Non-Controlling Interest

The Company addresses the accounting and reporting standards for ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent, the amount of consolidated capital resulting from operations attributable to the parent and to the non-controlling interest, the changes in a parent’s ownership interest, and the valuation of retained non-controlling equity investments when a subsidiary is deconsolidated in accordance with ASC 810 “Consolidation”.

Prior to the IPO, all of the partners invested in the Easterly Funds represented a non-controlling interest. In addition, prior to the IPO, a third-party member had invested in Federal Properties, GP, LLC, an entity included within the Predecessor, which also represented a non-controlling interest.

 

 

3. Real Estate and Intangibles

Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2017, we acquired four operating properties, OSHA – Sandy, VA – Loma Linda, FBI – Salt Lake, and VA – South Bend in asset acquisitions for an aggregate purchase price of $385.3 million, of which VA – Loma Linda comprised $212.6 million. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we acquired seven operating properties, ICE – Albuquerque, NPS – Omaha, DEA – Birmingham, FBI – Birmingham, EPA – Kansas City, FBI – Albany and AOC – South Bend for an aggregate purchase price of $156.9 million. We allocated the purchase prices of these acquisitions based on the estimated fair values of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities as follows (dollars in thousands):

 

We did not assume any debt upon acquisition of these properties. The intangible assets and liabilities of the acquired operating properties have an aggregate weighted average amortization period of 15.58 years and 5.47 years as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, we included $14.5 million of revenues and $3.2 million of net income in our consolidated statement of operations related to the operating properties acquired. Additionally, we incurred $1.5 million of acquisition-related costs including $1.4 million of internal costs associated with the property acquisitions.

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During the year ended December 31, 2016, we included $8.3 million of revenues and $2.5 million of net income in our consolidated statement of operations related to the operating properties acquired. Additionally, we incurred $1.8 million of acquisition-related costs including $1.1 million of internal costs associated with the property acquisitions.

Dispositions

On December 28, 2017, the Company sold 2650 SW 145^th Avenue – Parbel of Florida to a third party. Net proceeds from the sale of operating property were $10.5 million and the Company recognized a loss on the sale of operating property of $0.3 million, mainly attributable to transaction costs, for the year ended December 31, 2017. This disposition was accounted for under the full accrual method.

Pro Forma Financial Information

The unaudited pro forma financial information set forth below presents results for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 as if the formation transactions and the acquisitions of DOE – Lakewood, AOC – Aberdeen, ICE – Otay, DEA – Pleasanton, USCIS – Lincoln, DEA – Dallas Lab and FBI – Richmond had occurred on January 1, 2014 and the ICE – Albuquerque, NPS – Omaha, DEA – Birmingham, FBI – Birmingham, EPA – Kansas City, FBI – Albany and AOC – South Bend acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2015. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the results that actually would have occurred nor does it intend to indicate future operating results (dollars in thousands):

 

 

Consolidated Real Estate and Intangibles

In addition to the above operating property acquisitions, we acquired two properties for development, FDA – Lenexa and FEMA – Tracy, during the year ended December 31, 2017 and one property under development, FDA – Alameda, during the year ended December 31, 2016.

Real estate and intangibles on our consolidated balance sheets consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):

 

 

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The net projected amortization of total intangible assets and intangible liabilities as of December 31, 2017 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

 

 

 

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4. Debt

The following table sets forth a summary of the Company’s outstanding indebtedness as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands):

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The table below sets forth the costs included in interest expense related to the Company’s debt arrangements on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations (dollars in thousands):

2017 Activity

On March 20, 2017 we fully drew $100.0 million on our senior unsecured term loan facility which we entered into on September 29, 2016.

On May 25, 2017, the Operating Partnership issued $175 million of fixed rate, senior unsecured notes (the “Notes) in a private placement pursuant to a purchase agreement among the Operating Partnership, the Company and the purchasers of the Notes (the “Purchase Agreement”). The Notes are unconditionally guaranteed by the Company and various subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”).

Subject to the terms of the Purchase Agreement and the Notes, upon certain events of default, including, but not limited to, (i) a default in the payment of any principal, “make-whole” amount or interest under the Notes, and (ii) a default in the payment of certain other indebtedness of the Operating Partnership or of the Company or of the Subsidiary Guarantors, the principal and accrued and unpaid interest and the make-whole amount on the outstanding Notes will become due and payable at the option of the holders. The Purchase Agreement and the Notes also contain various covenants, including, among others, financial covenants with respect to debt service coverage, consolidated net worth, fixed charges and consolidated leverage and covenants relating to liens. If the Operating Partnership or the Company breaches any of these covenants, the principal and accrued and unpaid interest and the make-whole amount on the outstanding Notes will become due and payable at the option of the holders.

The Operating Partnership may prepay at any time all, or from time to time any part of, the Notes, in the amount not less than 5% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding at (i) 100% of the principal amount so prepaid, together with accrued interest, and (ii) a make-whole amount that is calculated by discounting the value of the remaining scheduled interest payments that would otherwise be payable through the scheduled maturity date of the applicable Notes on the principal amount being prepaid. The Operating Partnership has the right to make tender offers and is required to make other prepayment offers under the terms set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

On June 28, 2017, the Company, through a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, entered into a $127.5 million mortgage loan secured by VA – Loma Linda.

Our senior unsecured credit facility, senior unsecured term loan facility, senior unsecured notes, and mortgage notes are subject to ongoing compliance with a number of financial and other covenants. As of December 31, 2017, we were in compliance with the applicable financial covenants.

2016 Activity

On September 29, 2016, we entered into a $100.0 million senior unsecured term loan facility (our “senior unsecured term loan facility”) with PNC Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, U.S. Bank National Association and SunTrust Bank, as syndication agents, PNC Capital Markets LLC, U.S. Bank National Association and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc., as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners.  

The Operating Partnership is the borrower under our senior unsecured term loan facility and we and certain of our subsidiaries that directly own certain of our properties are guarantors under the term loan facility. The senior unsecured term loan facility matures on September 29, 2023, has a 180-day delayed draw period, and is prepayable without penalty beginning in October 2018.  

Borrowings under our senior unsecured term loan facility will bear interest at floating rates equal to, at our option, either (1) a fluctuating rate equal to the sum of (a) the highest of (x) PNC Bank, National Association’s base rate, (y) the federal funds open rate plus 0.50% and (z) the daily Eurodollar rate plus 1.00% plus (b) a margin ranging from 0.7% to 1.35%, or (2) a Eurodollar rate equal to a periodic fixed rate equal to LIBOR plus, a margin ranging from 1.7% to 2.35%, in each case with a margin based on our leverage ratio. Based on our current leverage ratio, borrowings under our senior unsecured term loan facility will have an initial interest rate of LIBOR plus 170 basis points. We may prepay our senior unsecured term loan facility in whole or in part, subject to (i) customary costs, if any, of breaking LIBOR and, (ii) payment of a prepayment penalty equal to 2.0% of the principal balance being repaid during

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the first 12 months of our senior unsecured term loan facility and 1.0% of the principal balance being repaid during the following 12 months.

On October 27, 2016, we entered into two forward-starting interest rate swaps with an effective date of March 29, 2017 and an aggregate notional value of $100.0 million to effectively fix the interest rate on future draw downs under our senior unsecured term loan facility. The forward swaps, which extend until the maturity of the term loan on September 29, 2023 effectively fix the interest rate under our senior unsecured term loan facility at 3.17% annually based on the company’s current leverage ratio.

Our senior unsecured term loan facility also contains certain customary covenants, including but not limited to financial covenants that require us to maintain maximum ratios of consolidated total indebtedness, consolidated secured indebtedness and consolidated secured recourse indebtedness to total asset value, minimum consolidated tangible net worth and a minimum consolidated fixed charge ratio.

As of December 31, 2016 we had not drawn funds under our senior unsecured term loan facility.

Our senior unsecured credit facility and mortgage notes are subject to ongoing compliance with a number of financial and other covenants. As of December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with the applicable financial covenants.

Fair Value of Debt

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying value of our senior unsecured revolving credit facility approximated fair value. In determining the fair value we considered the short term maturity, variable interest rate and credit spreads. We deem the fair value of our senior unsecured revolving credit facility as a Level 3 measurement.

As of December 31, 2017, the carrying value of our senior unsecured term loan facility approximated fair value. In determining the fair value we considered the variable interest rate and credit spreads. We deem the fair value of our senior unsecured term loan facility as a Level 3 measurement.

As of December 31, 2017, the fair value of our notes payable was determined by discounting future contractual principal and interest payments using prevailing market rates. We deem the fair value measurement of our notes payable instruments as a Level 3 measurement. At December 31, 2017, the fair value of our notes payable was $177.5 million.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the fair value of our mortgage debt was determined by discounting future contractual principal and interest payments using prevailing market rates. We deem the fair value measurement of our mortgage debt instruments as a Level 3 measurement. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the fair value of our mortgage debt was $203.1 million and $79.4 million, respectively.

Aggregate Debt Maturities

The Company’s aggregate debt maturities based on outstanding principal as of December 31, 2017 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

 

 

 

5. Derivatives and Hedging Activities

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had two outstanding forward-starting interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional value of $100.0 million that were designated as cash flow hedges. The forward swaps had an effective date of March 29, 2017 and extend until the maturity of the term loan on September 29, 2023. The forward swaps will effectively fix the interest rate under our senior unsecured term loan facility at 3.17% annually based on the company’s current leverage ratio.

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Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, our forward swaps were classified as an asset on our consolidated balance sheet at $ 4.0 million and $3.8 million, respectively. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and qualified as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and will be reclassified to interest expense in the period that the hedged forecasted transactions affect earnings on the Company’s variable rate debt.  The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in earnings into interest expense.  For the year ended December 31, 2017 the amount of unrealized gain recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income on interest rate swaps was $0.1 million and $0.2 million was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income on interest rate swaps as an increase to interest expense.  For the year ended December 31, 2016 the amount of unrealized gain recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income on interest rate swaps was $3.8 million. Additionally, during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, there was no ineffectiveness.

The Company estimates that $0.4 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income as a decrease to interest expense over the next 12 months.

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features

The Company has agreements with each of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where the Company could be declared in default on its derivative obligations if repayment of the underlying indebtedness is accelerated by the lender due to the Company's default on the indebtedness.  As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not have any derivatives in a net liability position.

 

 

6. Fair Value Measurements

Accounting standards define fair value as the exit price, or the amount that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  The standards also establish a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available.  Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of us.  Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based upon the best information available in the circumstances.  The hierarchy of these inputs is broken down into three levels: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is most significant to the fair value measurement.

Fair Value of Interest Rate Swaps

The fair values of our interest rate swaps are determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities in such interest rates.   While the Company determined that that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties.  The Company has determined that the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments made to its derivative contracts, which determination was based on the fair value of each individual contract, was not significant to the overall valuation. As a result, all of the Company’s derivatives held as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.  

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, other assets and accounts payable and accrued expenses are reasonable estimates of fair values because of the short maturities of these instruments. For our disclosure of debt fair values in Note 4, we estimated the fair value of our unsecured senior revolving credit facility based on the short term maturity, variable interest rates and credit spreads (categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy), estimated the fair value of our senior unsecured term loan facility based on the variable interest rate and credit spreads (categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy) and estimated the fair value of our other debt based on the discounted estimated future cash payments to be made on such debt (categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy); the discount rates used approximate current market rates for loans, or groups of loans, with similar maturities and credit quality, and the estimated future payments included scheduled principal and interest payments.  Fair value estimates are made as of a specific point in time, are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgement.  Settlement at such fair value amounts may not be possible and may not be prudent management decision.

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The following sets forth the Company’s financial instruments that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

 

 

 

 

7. Equity

On October 16, 2014, the Company issued 1,000 shares to its sole stockholder, Darrell Crate, for $1,000, which we repurchased upon the IPO.

On February 11, 2015, we completed an initial public offering of 13.8 million shares of our common stock at a price to the public of $15.00 per share, including 1.8 million shares sold in connection with the full exercise of the option to purchase additional shares granted to the underwriters, resulting in gross proceeds of $207.0 million. In connection with the IPO, we engaged in a series of formation transactions by which we acquired 15 properties previously owned by the Easterly Funds and the ownership interests in the management entities in exchange for 9,771,120 common units and 3,308,000 shares of common stock. Additionally, in connection with the IPO, Western Devcon contributed its interest in 14 properties to the Operating Partnership in an exchange for 5,759,819 common units. On October 21, 2015, Western Devcon contributed its interest an additional property, DEA – Pleasanton, to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 12,500 common units.

Concurrent with the IPO, the Company sold an aggregate of 7,033,712 shares of its common stock to the Easterly Funds in a private placement at a price per share of $15.00 without payment of any underwriting fees, discounts or commissions.

Prior to the completion of the IPO, our board of directors adopted, and our sole stockholder approved, our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, under which we may grant cash and equity incentive awards to our executive officers, non-employee directors and eligible employees in order to attract, motivate and retain the talent for which we compete. The 2015 Equity Incentive Plan is administered by the compensation committee of our board of directors and permits us to make grants of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, restricted stock, dividend equivalent rights, cash-based awards, performance-based awards and other equity-based awards, including LTIP units, or any combination of the foregoing.

Grant awards of restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares or cash-based awards under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan are intended to qualify as “performance based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code. Those awards would only vest or become payable upon the attainment of performance goals that are established by our compensation committee and related to established performance criteria. From and after the time that we become subject to Section 162(m) of the Code, the maximum award that is intended to qualify as “performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Code that may be made to any one employee during any one calendar year period is 2,273,959 shares of our common stock with respect to stock-based award and $5.0 million with respect to a cash based award.

The shares issued under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan are authorized but unissued shares or shares that we reacquire. The shares of our common stock underlying any awards that are forfeited, cancelled, held back upon exercise or settlement of an award to satisfy the exercise price or tax withholding, reacquired by us prior to vesting, satisfied without any issuance of stock, expire or are otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan are added back to the shares available for issuance under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan. At the Company’s 2017 annual meeting of stockholders held on May 9, 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the aggregate number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan by 3,000,000 shares to 5,273,959 shares of our common stock.

In connection with the Company’s 2017 annual meeting of stockholders, we issued an aggregate of 15,220 shares of restricted common stock to our non-employee directors, which will vest upon the earlier of the anniversary of the date of grant or the Company’s 2018 annual meeting of stockholders.

 The Company granted  891,000 LTIP units on May 6, 2015 and 40,000 LTIP units on February 26, 2016 to members of management as long-term incentive compensation under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, subject to the Company achieving certain absolute and relative total shareholder returns through the performance period, which ended on December 31, 2017.  Based on the

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Company’s absolute and relative total shareholder return performance through the end of the performance period, the compensation committee determined that an aggregate of 2,079,297 LTIP units were earned. Under the terms of the awards, earned awards vested 50% on February 15, 2018 with the remaining 50% vesting on February 6, 2019, subject to the grantee’s continued employment. Vesting will be accelerated in the event of a change in control, termination of employment by the Company without cause, or termination of employment by the award recipient for good reason, death, disability or retirement. Conditioned upon minimum allocations to the capital accounts of the LTIP units for federal income tax purposes, each vested LTIP unit may be converted, at the election of the holder, into a common unit and each common unit acquired upon conversion of an LTIP unit may be presented for redemption, at the election of the holder, for cash equal to the fair market value of a share of our common stock, except that the Company may, at its election, acquire each common unit so presented for one share of our common stock.  The Company measures the LTIP unit awards at the fair value on date of grant.

A summary of our non-vested common share awards at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

 

We recognized $3.0 million, $2.9 million and $1.9 million in compensation expense, related to the restricted common stock and the LTIP unit awards, for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  As of December 31, 2017 unrecognized compensation expense for both awards was $1.6 million, which will be amortized over the vesting period.

We valued our non-vested restricted share awards at the grant date fair value, which was the market price of our common stock as of the applicable grant date.

For the LTIP unit awards granted, we used a Monte Carlo Simulation (risk-neutral approach) to determine the number of shares that may be issued pursuant to the award.  

For LTIP units granted in 2016 we utilized a risk-free rate of 0.7%, derived from the Treasury note yield as of the grant date.  Since the Company has a limited amount of operating history, the expected volatility assumption of 20.0% was derived from the observed historical volatility of the common stock prices of a select group of peer companies within the REIT industry.  Based on the selected dividend yields of guideline companies and expected dividend levels, we utilized an expected dividend yield of 5.5%.

For LTIP units granted in 2015 we utilized a risk-free rate of 0.9%, derived from the Treasury note yield as of the grant date.  Since the Company has a limited amount of operating history, the expected volatility assumption of 18.3% was derived from the observed historical volatility of the common stock prices of a select group of peer companies within the REIT industry.  Based on the selected dividend yields of guideline companies and expected dividend levels, we utilized an expected dividend yield of 5.5%.

No additional shares of common stock or options were issued under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2017.

On June 7, 2016, we completed an underwritten public offering of an aggregate of 6,219,045 shares of common stock, consisting of 4,719,045 shares sold by us to the underwriters and 1,500,000 shares offered on a forward basis in connection with certain forward sales agreements. The gross proceeds from the offering of 4,719,045 shares sold by us to the underwriters was $84.9 million before deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and estimated offering expenses. On November 29, 2016, the

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Company’s physically settled the forward sales agreements by issuing an aggregate of 1,500,000 shares of common stock in exchange for approximately $25.1 million. The Company accounted for the forward share agreements as equity.

On March 27, 2017, we completed an underwritten public offering of an aggregate of 4,945,000 shares of common stock, including 645,000 shares sold pursuant the underwriters’ exercise in full of their option to purchase additional shares.  The shares were offered on a forward basis in connection with certain forward sales agreements entered into with certain financial institutions, acting as forward purchasers.  Pursuant to the forward sales agreements, the forward purchasers borrowed and the forward sellers, acting as agents for the forward purchasers, sold an aggregate of 4,945,000 shares in the public offering.  On September 11, 2017, the Company physically settled the forward sales agreements by issuing an aggregate of 4,945,000 shares of common stock in exchange for approximately $92.7 million. The Company accounted for the forward share agreements as equity.

In connection with the liquidation of the Easterly Funds, an aggregate of 6,471,258 shares of common stock were issued between May 11, 2016 and December 31, 2016 upon the redemption of an aggregate of 6,471,258 common units in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership. Additionally, we issued 1,379,804 shares of our common stock between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017 upon the redemption of 1,379,804 common units in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership

A summary of dividends declared by the board of directors per share of common stock and per common unit of our operating partnership at the date of record is as follows:

Prior to the end of the performance period as set forth in the applicable LTIP unit award, holders of LTIP units are entitled to receive dividends per LTIP unit equal to 10% of the dividend paid per common unit of our operating partnership.  After the end of the performance period, the number of LTIP units, both vested and unvested, that LTIP award recipients have earned, if any, are entitled to receive dividends in an amount per LTIP unit equal to dividends, both regular and special, payable per common unit of our operating partnership.

 

On March 3, 2017, we entered into separate equity distribution agreements with each of Citigroup Global Markets Inc., BTIG, LLC, Jefferies LLC, Raymond James & Associates, Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc. (collectively, the “managers”), pursuant to which we may issue and sell the shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $100.0 million from time to time through the managers, acting as sales agents and/or principals (the “ATM Program”). The sales of shares of our common stock under the equity distribution agreements may be made in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the ATM program as of December 31, 2017:

 

We have used the proceeds from such sales for general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately $66.4 million of gross sales of our common stock available under on our ATM program.

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On October 4, 2017, the Company acquired FEMA - Tracy for which it paid as partial consideration 575,707 common units.  The issuance of the common units was effected in reliance upon an exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

 

8. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings or loss per share of common stock (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing net income or loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding for the periods presented. Diluted EPS is computed after adjusting the basic EPS computation for the effect of dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding during the periods presented. Unvested restricted shares and LTIP units are considered participating securities which require the use of the two-class method for the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. The following table sets forth the computation of the Company’s basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts):

 

During the year ended December 31, 2015, there were 26,667 and 891,000 shares of unvested restricted shares and LTIP units, respectively, on a weighted average basis that could potentially dilute basic EPS in the future. These shares were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because to do so would have been antidilutive.

 

9. Operating Leases

Our rental properties are subject to generally non-cancelable operating leases generating future minimum contractual rent payments due from tenants.  As of December 31, 2017, future non-cancelable minimum contractual rent payments on our operating properties are as follows (dollars in thousands):

 

 

The Company’s consolidated operating properties were 100% occupied by 23 tenants at December 31, 2017 and 100% occupied by 22 tenants at December 31, 2016.  

 

For the year ended December 31, 2017 we recognized $103.8 million in rental income attributable to base rent, $8.5 million in rental income attributable to the amortization of our above- and below-market leases, $0.1 million in rental income attributable to the amortization of unearned revenue and a straight-line adjustment of $2.8 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2016 we recognized $85.8 million in rental income attributable to base rent, $7.2 million in rental income attributable to the amortization of our above- and below-market leases, $0.1 million in rental income attributable to the amortization of unearned revenue and a straight-line adjustment of $0.3 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2015 we recognized $59.9 million in rental income attributable to base rent, $4.9 million in rental income attributable to the amortization of our above- and below-market leases and a straight-line adjustment of $0.2 million.

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Information about our leases for development properties as of December 31, 2017 is set forth in the table below:

(1) L=Laboratory; W=Warehouse; O=Office.

(2) The 20-year lease term includes a firm term of 15 years and a soft term of 5 years.

 

10. Commitments and Contingencies

a) Operating Leases

In October of 2015 we entered into a sublease agreement for 5,682 square feet of office space in Washington, D.C. with a commencement date of March 2016 and expiration date of June 2021.

We also lease 5,752 square feet of office space in San Diego, CA under an operating lease that commenced February 2015 and expires in April 2022.

Rent expense incurred under the terms of the corporate office leases, was $0.4 million, $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Future minimum rental payments under the Company’s corporate office leases as of December 31, 2017 are summarized as follows (amounts in thousands):

 

 

b) Environmental

As an owner of real estate, the Company is subject to various environmental laws of federal, state, and local governments. The Company’s compliance with existing laws has not had a material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations, and the Company does not believe it will have a material adverse effect in the future. However, the Company cannot predict the impact of unforeseen environmental contingencies or new or changed laws or regulations on its current properties or on properties that the Company may acquire.

c) Tax Protection Agreements

Concurrent with the completion of the IPO, the Company also entered into a tax protection agreement with Michael P. Ibe, a director and our Executive Vice President — Development and Acquisitions, under which we agreed to indemnify Mr. Ibe for any taxes incurred as a result of a taxable sale of the properties contributed by Western Devcon in the formation transactions for a period of eight years after the closing of the IPO and the formation transactions. The Company also agreed in the tax protection agreement with Mr. Ibe to use the “traditional method” of making allocations under Section 704(c) of the Code for the eight-year period.

On October 21, 2015, the Company entered into a second tax protection agreement with Mr. Ibe, under which the Company agreed to indemnify Mr. Ibe for any taxes incurred as a result of a taxable sale of the DEA – Pleasanton property for a period of eight years after the closing of the acquisition and to offer Mr. Ibe and certain affiliates of Mr. Ibe the opportunity to guarantee, in the aggregate, up to approximately $15.7  million of indebtedness of the Operating Partnership for two years following the contribution of the DEA – Pleasanton property and up to approximately $7.2 million of indebtedness thereafter until the eighth anniversary of the closing of the acquisition, subject to certain conditions. The Company also agreed in the tax protection agreement with Mr. Ibe to use the “traditional method” of making allocations under Section 704(c) of the Code for the eight-year period.

In connection with our acquisition of a property in 2017, we entered into a tax protection agreement, under which we agreed to indemnify the contributor for any taxes incurred as a result of a taxable sale of such property for a period of two years.  The Company also agreed in the tax protection agreement with the contributor to use the “traditional method” of making allocations under Section 704(c) of the Code for the two-year period.

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d) Letters of Credit

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had $0.1 million and $0.1 million of standby letters of credit, respectively.  There were no draws against these letters of credit during the years ended December 31, 2017 or 2016.

 

 

11. Concentrations Risk

Concentrations of credit risk arise for the Company when multiple tenants of the Company are engaged in similar business activities, are located in the same geographic region or have similar economic features that impact in a similar manner their ability to meet contractual obligations, including those to the Company. The Company regularly monitors its tenant base to assess potential concentrations of credit risk.

As stated in Note 1 above, the Company leases commercial space to the U.S. Government through the GSA or other federal agencies or nongovernmental tenants. At December 31, 2017, the GSA and other federal agency accounted for approximately 98.7% of rental income and non-governmental tenants accounted for the remaining approximately 1.3%. At December 31, 2016, the GSA and other federal agency accounted for approximately 96.8% of rental income and non-governmental tenants accounted for the remaining approximately 3.2%.

At December 31, 2017, fourteen of our 46 operating properties were located in California, accounting for approximately 25.8% of our total rentable square feet and approximately 33.3% of our total annualized lease income. At December 31, 2016, thirteen of our 43 operating properties were located in California, accounting for approximately 20.0% of our total rentable square feet and approximately 26.8% of our total annualized lease income. To the extent that weak economic or real estate conditions or natural disasters affect California, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted.

 

 

12. Related Party

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 we were responsible for reimbursing Easterly Capital $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for a portion of rent and office expense at their Beverly, MA office and for the services of certain employees. Additionally, during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, Western Devcon was responsible for reimbursing us $0.1 million, $0.2 and $0.3 million, respectively, for certain costs that we paid on their behalf.

 

 

13. Subsequent Events

For its consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017, the Company evaluated subsequent events and noted the following significant events.

On January 4, 2018, the Company granted an aggregate of 173,381 performance-based LTIP units to members of management pursuant to the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan, subject to the Company achieving certain absolute and relative total shareholder returns through the performance period.  The awards consist of three separate tranches of 32,448 LTIP units, 55,463 LTIP units and 85,470 LTIP units with performance periods ending on December 31, 2018, December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020, respectively.  The performance criteria for each tranche is based 50% on the Company’s absolute total shareholder return performance and 50% on the Company’s relative total shareholder return performance during the relevant performance period, with 50% of the LTIP Units vesting when earned following the end of the applicable performance period and 50% of the earned award subject to an additional one year of vesting.

 

 

14. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)

The following is a summary of our unaudited quarterly results of operations for 2017 and 2016 (amounts in thousands). Other periods that will be revised, including the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, three and six months ended June 30, 2017  and the three months ended March 31, 2017  will appear in future filings and are included below (unaudited, in thousands, except for per share data). A reconciliation has been provided between amounts previously reported and those reported herein as a result of the error described in Note 2 under Revision of Previously Reported Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

F-31

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F-32

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F-33

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Easterly Government Properties, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2017

(Amounts in thousands)

 

S-1

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Easterly Government Properties, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2017

(Amounts in thousands)

 

 

The aggregate cost and accumulated depreciation for tax purposes was approximately $1,276 million and $141.0 million, respectively.

 

S-2

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Easterly Government Properties, Inc.

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2017

(Amounts in thousands)

 

Analysis of the carrying amount of real estate properties and accumulated depreciation:

 

 

S-3