Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. - FORM 10-Q

Attached files

file	filename
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.	exhibit3122017q3.htm
EX-32 - EXHIBIT 32 - Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.	exhibit322017q3.htm
EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.	exhibit3112017q3.htm

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



ý	Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017



¨	Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission file number: 001-37497

LIVE OAK BANCSHARES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



North Carolina	26-4596286
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1741 Tiburon Drive Wilmington, North Carolina	28403
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(910) 790-5867

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES ý NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES ý NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	x

Non-accelerated filer	¨ (Do not check if smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	¨

		Emerging growth company	x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ¨ NO ý

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

As of November 4, 2017, there were 35,233,241 shares of the registrant’s voting common stock outstanding and 4,643,530 shares of the registrant’s non-voting common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Form 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	1
	Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	2
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	4
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	6
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	47
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	67
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	67
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	68
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	68
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	68
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	68
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	68
Item 5.	Other Information	68
Item 6.	Exhibits	68
	Signatures	70
	Index to Exhibits	X

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

As of September 30, 2017 (unaudited) and December 31, 2016*

(Dollars in thousands)



	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016*
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	260,907		$	238,008
Certificates of deposit with other banks	3,250			7,250
Investment securities available-for-sale	76,575			71,056
Loans held for sale	692,586			394,278
Loans and leases held for investment	1,169,887			907,566
Allowance for loan and lease losses	(21,027		)	(18,209		)
Net loans and leases	1,148,860			889,357
Premises and equipment, net	129,233			64,661
Foreclosed assets	2,231			1,648
Servicing assets	53,392			51,994
Other assets	65,155			37,009
Total assets	$	2,432,189		$	1,755,261
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$	55,260		$	27,990
Interest-bearing	1,957,631			1,457,086
Total deposits	2,012,891			1,485,076
Long term borrowings	26,872			27,843
Other liabilities	27,835			19,495
Total liabilities	2,067,598			1,532,414
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock, no par value, 1,000,000 authorized, none issued or outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	—			—
Class A common stock, no par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 35,218,617 and 29,530,072 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	266,336			149,966
Class B common stock, no par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 4,643,530 and 4,723,530 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	49,168			50,015
Retained earnings	49,707			23,518
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(620		)	(652		)
Total equity	364,591			222,847
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,432,189		$	1,755,261

* Derived from audited consolidated financial statements.

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Income

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Interest income
Loans and fees on loans	$	26,977		$	14,961		$	70,290		$	38,868
Investment securities, taxable	325			337			964			840
Other interest earning assets	870			264			1,682			650
Total interest income	28,172			15,562			72,936			40,358
Interest expense
Deposits	6,758			3,689			16,893			9,376
Borrowings	389			242			985			725
Total interest expense	7,147			3,931			17,878			10,101
Net interest income	21,025			11,631			55,058			30,257
Provision for loan and lease losses	2,426			3,806			5,481			8,692
Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses	18,599			7,825			49,577			21,565
Noninterest income
Loan servicing revenue	6,490			5,860			18,587			15,725
Loan servicing asset revaluation	(3,691		)	(3,421		)	(6,864		)	(5,051		)
Net gains on sales of loans	18,148			21,833			55,276			52,813
Gain on sale of investment securities available-for-sale	—			1			—			1
Construction supervision fee income	362			502			1,077			1,799
Title insurance income	1,968			—			5,803			—
Other noninterest income	1,783			657			3,601			1,925
Total noninterest income	25,060			25,432			77,480			67,212
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	19,037			17,471			55,687			45,875
Travel expense	2,289			2,218			6,035			6,394
Professional services expense	1,068			907			4,228			2,345
Advertising and marketing expense	1,516			1,097			4,977			3,425
Occupancy expense	1,473			1,058			4,018			3,306
Data processing expense	1,982			1,252			5,536			3,864
Equipment expense	2,228			611			5,005			1,696
Other loan origination and maintenance expense	1,601			806			3,587			2,001
FDIC insurance	858			210			2,308			507
Title insurance closing services expense	687			—			1,877			—
Other expense	3,117			1,588			8,883			4,648
Total noninterest expense	35,856			27,218			102,141			74,061
Income before taxes	7,803			6,039			24,916			14,716
Income tax (benefit) expense	(5,059		)	2,561			(3,853		)	6,432
Net income	12,862			3,478			28,769			8,284
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	—			1			—			9
Net income attributable to Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.	$	12,862		$	3,479		$	28,769		$	8,293
Basic earnings per share	$	0.34		$	0.10		$	0.81		$	0.24
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.33		$	0.10		$	0.78		$	0.24

Table of Contents

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net income	$	12,862		$	3,478		$	28,769		$	8,284
Other comprehensive income before tax:
Net unrealized (loss) gain on investment securities arising during the period	(168		)	(115		)	52			525
Reclassification adjustment for (gain) loss on sale of securities available-for-sale included in net income	—			(1		)	—			(1		)
Other comprehensive income before tax	(168		)	(116		)	52			524
Income tax benefit (expense)	65			45			(20		)	(202		)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(103		)	(71		)	32			322
Total comprehensive income	$	12,759		$	3,407		$	28,801		$	8,606

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)



	Common stock						Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Non- controlling interest			Total equity
	Shares
	Class A	Class B		Amount
Balance at December 31, 2015	29,449,369	4,723,530		$	187,507		$	12,140		$	(192	)	$	33		$	199,488
Net income (loss)	—	—		—			8,293			—			(9		)	8,284
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—			—			322			—			322
Issuance of restricted stock	16,745	—		—			—			—			—			—
Stock option exercises	25,406	—		147			—			—			—			147
Stock option based compensation expense	—	—		1,752			—			—			—			1,752
Restricted stock expense	—	—		5,893			—			—			—			5,893
Acquisition of non-controlling interest	—	—		—			—			—			(24		)	(24		)
Dividends (distributions to shareholders)	—	—		—			(1,710		)	—			—			(1,710		)
Balance at September 30, 2016	29,491,520	4,723,530		$	195,299		$	18,723		$	130		$	—		$	214,152
Balance at December 31, 2016	29,530,072	4,723,530		$	199,981		$	23,518		$	(652	)	$	—		$	222,847
Net income	—	—		—			28,769			—			—			28,769
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—			—			32			—			32
Issuance of restricted stock	306,902	—		—			—			—			—			—
Withholding cash issued in lieu of restricted stock issuance	—	—		(4,891		)	—			—			—			(4,891		)
Employee stock purchase program	22,634	—		445			—			—			—			445
Stock option exercises	76,285	—		602			—			—			—			602
Stock option based compensation expense	—	—		1,496			—			—			—			1,496
Restricted stock expense	—	—		4,210			—			—			—			4,210
Stock issued in acquisition of Reltco, Inc.	27,724	—		565			—			—			—			565
Non-voting common stock converted to voting common stock in private sale	80,000	(80,000	)	—			—			—			—			—
Issuance of common stock in connection with secondary offering, net of issue costs	5,175,000	—		113,096			—			—			—			113,096
Dividends (distributions to shareholders)	—	—		—			(2,580		)	—			—			(2,580		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	35,218,617	4,643,530		$	315,504		$	49,707		$	(620	)	$	—		$	364,591

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	28,769		$	8,284
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	7,020			3,201
Provision for loan losses	5,481			8,692
Amortization of premium on securities, net of accretion	355			135
Amortization of discount on unguaranteed loans, net	1,263			773
Deferred tax expense (benefit)	413			(510		)
Originations of loans held for sale	(884,741		)	(701,415		)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale	648,300			555,192
Net gains on sale of loans held for sale	(55,276		)	(52,813		)
Net loss on sale of foreclosed assets	30			61
Net increase in servicing assets	(1,398		)	(5,499		)
Gain on sale of securities available-for-sale	—			(1		)
Net loss on disposal of premises and equipment	213			—
Stock option based compensation expense	1,496			1,752
Restricted stock expense	4,210			5,893
Stock based compensation expense excess tax benefits	1,073			—
Business combination contingent consideration fair value adjustment	350			—
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Other assets	(17,661		)	(858		)
Other liabilities	3,875			2,652
Net cash used by operating activities	(256,228		)	(174,461		)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of securities available-for-sale	(13,009		)	(24,946		)
Proceeds from sales, maturities, calls, and principal paydowns of securities available-for-sale	7,187			8,764
Proceeds from sale/collection of foreclosed assets	50			680
Business combination, net of cash acquired	(7,696		)	—
Maturities of certificates of deposit with other banks	4,000			2,750
Loan and lease originations and principal collections, net	(273,501		)	(154,738		)
Purchases of premises and equipment, net	(71,420		)	(1,194		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(354,389		)	(168,684		)

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Cash flows from financing activities
Net increase in deposits	527,815			598,229
Proceeds from long term borrowings	16,900			—
Repayment of long term borrowings	(25,971		)	(301		)
Proceeds from short term borrowings	23,100			—
Repayment of short term borrowings	(15,000		)	—
Stock option exercises	602			147
Employee stock purchase program	445			—
Withholding cash issued in lieu of restricted stock	(4,891		)	—
Sale of common stock, net of issuance costs	113,096			—
Shareholder dividend distributions	(2,580		)	(2,052		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	633,516			596,023
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	22,899			252,878
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning	238,008			102,607
Cash and cash equivalents, ending	$	260,907		$	355,485

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest paid	$	17,927		$	10,120
Income tax	7,094			5,739

Supplemental disclosures of noncash operating, investing, and financing activities
Unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale securities, net of taxes	$	32		$	322
Transfers from loans to foreclosed real estate and other repossessions	663			406
Transfers from foreclosed real estate to SBA receivable	—			96
Transfer of loans held for sale to loans held for investment	5,713			339,322
Transfer of loans held for investment to loans held for sale	18,990			2,296
Contingent consideration in acquisition of controlling interest in equity method investment	—			24
Transfers from short term borrowings to long term borrowings	8,100			—
Business combination:
Assets acquired (excluding goodwill)	5,766			—
Liabilities assumed	4,681			—
Purchase price	8,363			—
Goodwill recorded	7,278			—

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

Nature of Operations

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. (the “Company” or “LOB”) is a bank holding company headquartered in Wilmington, North Carolina incorporated under the laws of North Carolina in December 2008. The Company conducts business operations primarily through its commercial bank subsidiary, Live Oak Banking Company (the “Bank”). The Bank was organized and incorporated under the laws of the State of North Carolina on February 25, 2008 and commenced operations on May 12, 2008. The Bank specializes in providing lending services to small businesses nationwide in targeted industries, which we refer to as verticals. The Bank identifies and grows within credit-worthy industries through expertise within those industries. A significant portion of the loans originated by the Bank are guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) under the 7(a) Loan Program and to a lesser extent by the U.S. Department of Agriculture ("USDA") Rural Energy for America Program ("REAP") and Business & Industry ("B&I") loan programs. On July 28, 2015 the Company completed its initial public offering with a secondary offering completed in August of 2017. In 2010, the Bank formed Live Oak Number One, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary, to hold properties foreclosed on by the Bank.

In addition to the Bank, the Company owns Live Oak Grove, LLC, opened in September 2015 for the purpose of providing Company employees and business visitors an on-site restaurant location; Government Loan Solutions, Inc. (“GLS”), a management and technology consulting firm that specializes in the settlement, accounting, and securitization processes for government guaranteed loans, including loans originated under the SBA 7(a) loan program and USDA-guaranteed loans; and 504 Fund Advisors, LLC (“504FA”), formed to serve as the investment adviser to the 504 Fund, a closed-end mutual fund organized to invest in SBA section 504 loans.

The Company acquired control over 504FA, previously carried as an equity method investment, on February 2, 2015 by increasing its ownership from 50.0% to 91.3%. The acquisition of an additional 41.3% of ownership occurred in exchange for contingent consideration estimated to total $170 thousand. Transactions in the third quarter of 2015 and first quarter of 2016 increased the Company’s ownership to 92.9%. On September 1, 2016, the Company acquired the remaining 7.1% ownership from a third party investor in exchange for contingent consideration estimated to total $24 thousand.

In August 2016, the Company formed Live Oak Ventures, Inc. for the purpose of investing in businesses that align with the Company's strategic initiative to be a leader in financial technology.

In November 2016, the Company formed Live Oak Clean Energy Financing LLC for the purpose of providing financing to entities for renewable energy applications.

On February 1, 2017, the Company completed its acquisition of Reltco Inc. and National Assurance Title, Inc. (collectively referred to as "Reltco"), two nationwide title agencies under common control based in Tampa, Florida. See Note 4. Business Combination for a further discussion of this transaction.

The Company earns revenue primarily from the sale of SBA and USDA-guaranteed loans and net interest income. Income from the sale of loans is comprised of net gains on the sale of loans, revenues on the servicing of sold loans and valuation of loan servicing rights. Offsetting these revenues are the cost of funding sources, provision for loan and lease losses, any costs related to foreclosed assets and other operating costs such as salaries and employee benefits, travel, professional services, advertising and marketing and tax expense.

General

In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented have been included, and all intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the Securities Exchange Commission on March 9, 2017 (SEC File No. 001-37497) (the "2016 Annual Report"). A summary description of the significant accounting policies followed by the Company is set forth in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s 2016 Annual Report. These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes in the Company's 2016 Annual Report.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Amounts in all tables in the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been presented in thousands, except percentage, time period, stock option, share and per share data or where otherwise indicated.

Business Segments

Management has determined that the Company has one significant operating segment, which is providing a lending platform for small businesses nationwide. In determining the appropriateness of segment definition, the Company considers the materiality of a potential segment, the components of the business about which financial information is available, and components for which management regularly evaluates relative to resource allocation and performance assessment.

Equipment Leasing

The Company purchases new equipment for the purpose of leasing such equipment to customers within its verticals. Equipment purchased to fulfill commitments to commercial renewable energy projects is rented out under operating leases while leases of equipment outside of the renewable energy vertical are generally direct financing leases. Accordingly, leased assets under operating leases are included in premises and equipment while leased assets under direct financing leases are included in loans and leases held for investment.

Direct Financing Leases

Interest income on direct financing leases is recognized when earned. Unearned interest is recognized over the lease term on a basis which results in a constant rate of return on the unrecovered lease investment. The term of each lease is generally 4-6 years which is consistent with the useful life of the equipment with no residual value. As of September 30, 2017 the Company had net investments in direct financing lease receivables of $1.1 million.

Operating Leases

The term of each operating lease is generally 10 years. The Company retains ownership of the equipment and associated tax benefits such as investment tax credits and accelerated depreciation. At the end of the lease term, the lessee has the option to renew the lease for two additional terms or purchase the equipment at the then current fair market value.

Rental revenue from operating leases is recognized over a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Rental equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated to an estimated residual value on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life. The useful lives and residual values are generally 15 years and 30%, respectively; however, they are subject to periodic evaluation. Changes in useful lives or residual values will impact depreciation expense and any gain or loss from the sale of used equipment. The estimated useful lives and residual values of the Company's leasing equipment are based on industry disposal experience and the Company's expectations for future sale prices.

If the Company decides to sell or otherwise dispose of rental equipment, it is carried at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell or dispose. Repair and maintenance costs that do not extend the lives of the rental equipment are charged to direct operating expenses at the time the costs are incurred.

As of September 30, 2017 the Company had a net investment of $47.5 million in assets included in premises and equipment that are subject to operating leases.

A maturity analysis of future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases is as follows:

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements



As of September 30, 2017	Amount
2017	$	463
2018	3,204
2019	3,214
2020	3,233
2021	3,254
Thereafter	19,625
Total	$	32,993

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates the carrying value of rental equipment and identifiable definite lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances have occurred that would indicate the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable. A key element in determining the recoverability of long-lived assets is the Company’s outlook as to the future market conditions for its rental equipment. If the carrying amount is not fully recoverable, an impairment loss is recognized to reduce the carrying amount to fair value. The Company determines fair value based upon the condition of the rental equipment and the projected net cash flows from its rental and sale considering current market conditions. Goodwill and identifiable indefinite lived assets are evaluated for potential impairment annually or when circumstances indicate potential impairment may have occurred. Impairment losses, if any, are determined based upon the excess of carrying value over the estimated fair value of the asset. There have been no impairments of long-lived assets.

Change in Accounting Estimate

During 2017, the Company assessed its estimate of the useful lives of the Company’s aircraft transportation. The Company revised its original useful life estimate of 20 years and currently estimates that its aircraft transportation will have a useful life of 10 years. The effects of reflecting this change in accounting estimate on the 2017 consolidated financial statements are as follows:



	Three months ended September 30, 2017		Nine months ended September 30, 2017
Decrease in:
Net income	$	202	$	692
Basic EPS	$	0.01	$	0.02
Diluted EPS	$	0.01	$	0.02

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period’s consolidated financial statements to place them on a comparable basis with the current year. Net income and shareholders’ equity previously reported were not affected by these reclassifications.

Note 2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”). This standard is intended to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and to develop a common revenue standard for GAAP. The Company's revenue is comprised of loan servicing revenue, net gains on sales of loans and net interest income on financial assets and financial liabilities, all of which are explicitly excluded from the scope of ASU 2014-09, and non-interest income. The Company's revenue streams included in non-interest income that are within the scope of the guidance are primarily related to sales of foreclosed assets, construction supervision fees, title insurance income and trust fiduciary fees. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-09 to have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. The Company expects to adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2018 with a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings, if such adjustment is deemed to be significant.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). The FASB issued this ASU to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under current GAAP and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. The impact of this standard will depend on the Company's lease portfolio at the time of the adoption and the Company is currently assessing the effect that the adoption of this standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”). ASU 2016-09 simplifies the accounting for share-based payment transactions for items including income tax consequences, classification of awards as equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 was effective and adopted by the Company on January 1, 2017. Starting in the first quarter of 2017, stock-based compensation excess tax benefits or deficiencies are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a component of the income tax expense, where as they previously were recognized in equity. Additionally, the Consolidated Statements of Cash

Flows now present excess tax benefits as an operating activity while any cash paid in lieu of shares for tax-withholding being classified as a financing activity. There were no excess tax benefits in the prior period presented for reclassification. Finally, the Company will continue to incorporate actual forfeitures as they occur in the accrual of compensation expense. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09, the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was adjusted as follows: a $1.1 million increase to net cash provided by operating activities and a $4.8 million increase to net cash used in financing activities. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 further resulted in a $0.03 increase in basic and diluted EPS for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. See Note 9 for information regarding the additional impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). This new guidance replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current standards with an expected credit loss methodology and requires consideration of a broader range of information to determine credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts and requires enhanced disclosures related to the significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an organization’s portfolio. In addition, ASU 2016-13 amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. ASU 2016-13 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2016-13 on the financial statements. In that regard, a cross-functional working group has been formed, under the direction of the Company's Chief Financial Officer and Chief Credit Officer. The working group is comprised of individuals from various functional areas including credit, risk management, finance and information technology, among others. The Company is currently developing an implementation plan to include assessment of processes, portfolio segmentation, model development, system requirements and the identification of data and resource needs, among other things. The Company is also currently evaluating selected third-party vendor solutions to assist in the application of the ASU 2016-13. While the Company is currently unable to reasonably estimate the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13, the impact of adoption is expected to be significantly influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of loan and securities portfolios as well as the prevailing economic conditions and forecasts as of the adoption date.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) - Clarifying the Definition of a Business” (“ASU 2017-01”). ASU 2017-01 clarifies the definition and provides a more robust framework to use in determining when a set of assets and activities constitutes a business. ASU 2017-01 is intended to provide guidance when evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. ASU 2017-01 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The Company does not expect this amendment to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 removes Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. ASU 2017-04 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted for interim or annual impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. ASU 2017-04 is not expected to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-05, “Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20) - Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets” (“ASU 2017-05”). ASU 2017-05 clarifies the scope of Subtopic 610-20 and adds guidance on nonfinancial asset derecognition as well as the accounting for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. The amendments conform the derecognition guidance on nonfinancial assets with the model for transactions in the new revenue standard. ASU 2017-05 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018 and is not expected to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) - Scope of Modification Accounting" ("ASU 2017-09"). ASU 2017-09 clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award should be accounted for as a modification. This guidance indicates modification accounting is required when the fair value, vesting conditions, or classification of the award changes. ASU 2017-09 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018 and is not expected to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) - Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities" ("ASU 2017-12"). ASU 2017-12 amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements in ASC 815 to improve the transparency and understandability of information conveyed to financial statement users about an entity’s risk management activities to better align the entity’s financial reporting for hedging relationships with those risk

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

management activities and to reduce the complexity of and simplify the application of hedge accounting. ASU 2017-12 will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2019 and is not expected to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Note 3. Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur, upon the exercise of stock options or upon the vesting of restricted stock grants, any of which would result in the issuance of common stock that would then be shared in the net income of the Company.



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Basic earnings per share:
Net income available to common shareholders	$	12,862	$	3,479	$	28,769	$	8,293
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding	37,366,041		34,206,943		35,485,371		34,191,014
Basic earnings per share	$	0.34	$	0.10	$	0.81	$	0.24
Diluted earnings per share:
Net income available to common shareholders, for diluted earnings per share	$	12,862	$	3,479	$	28,769	$	8,293
Total weighted-average basic shares outstanding	37,366,041		34,206,943		35,485,371		34,191,014
Add effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock grants	1,278,636		794,874		1,244,683		812,408
Total weighted-average diluted shares outstanding	38,644,677		35,001,817		36,730,054		35,003,422
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.33	$	0.10	$	0.78	$	0.24
Anti-dilutive shares	243,199		1,778,995		250,698		1,778,995

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 4. Business Combination

On February 1, 2017, the Company completed its acquisition of Reltco Inc. and National Assurance Title, Inc. (collectively referred to as "Reltco"), two nationwide title agencies under common control based in Tampa, Florida. The acquisition continues the Company's growth strategy, including vertically integrating with complementary services to deliver a high-quality customer experience with speed.

On the acquisition date, the fair value of Reltco included $5.8 million in assets and $4.7 million in liabilities. The total acquisition gross consideration at the time of the transaction, including earn-out contingent consideration was approximately $15.8 million. The acquisition was valued at $12.7 million after consideration of the applicable fair value adjustments to the earn-out, resulting in the Company paying $7.8 million in cash and issuing 27,724 shares of its common stock at closing in addition to an earn-out of up to 184,012 shares of its stock and $3.8 million in cash, in exchange for all of the outstanding shares of Reltco. The earn-out was recorded as a $4.3 million contingent liability on the acquisition date and is earned proportionally based on the ratio of the new subsidiary's actual future aggregate net income after tax divided by a target net income after tax of approximately $6.0 million over the four year earn-out period. Fair value measurement of the earn-out was calculated using the Monte Carlo Simulation. The Monte Carlo Simulation simulates 100,000 trials to assess the expected market price as of the earn-out measurement date at the end of each of the next four years based on the Cox, Ross & Rubinstein option pricing methodology. The Monte Carlo Simulation utilized various assumptions that include a risk free rate of return through the end of each measurement period equivalent to that of a U.S. Treasury, expected volatility of 30.00% over four years and a dividend yield of 0.40%.

The merger was accounted for in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting, and the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date separately from goodwill. The estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on the information available at the date of the acquisition. Management continues to evaluate these fair values, which are subject to revision as additional information becomes available. During the one year measurement period, contingent consideration is recorded at fair value based on the terms of the purchase agreement with subsequent quarterly changes in fair value recorded through earnings. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 the Company recorded expense of $350 thousand, related to the increased fair value of contingent consideration using the Monte Carlo Simulation. There was no expense recorded for this contingent consideration during the three months ended September 30, 2017. The assumptions utilized include a risk free rate of return through the end of each measurement period equivalent to that of a U.S. Treasury, expected volatility of 30.00% over the remaining 3.25 years and a dividend yield of 0.51%.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price on the date of acquisition to assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values:



Fair value of assets acquired
Cash	$	102
Accounts receivable	159
Intangible assets	5,505
Total assets acquired	5,766
Fair value of liabilities assumed
Contingent consideration	4,300
Accounts payable and other liabilities	381
Total liabilities assumed	4,681
Net assets acquired	$	1,085
Purchase price
Common shares issued	27,724
Purchase price per share of the Company’s common stock	$	20.38
Company common stock issued	565
Cash	7,798
Total purchase price	8,363
Goodwill	$	7,278

Goodwill recorded represents future revenues and efficiencies gained through the Reltco acquisition. Goodwill in this transaction is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. Intangible assets consist of trade names of $1.2 million, customer relationships of $3.9 million, and non-compete agreements of $405 thousand. The trade names have indefinite lives and the customer relationships and non-compete agreements range from five to eight years.

The Company recorded merger expenses of $766 thousand during the nine month period ended September 30, 2017. No merger expenses were recorded during the three month period ended September 30, 2017. The company recorded $52 thousand and $62 thousand in merger expenses during the three and nine months period ended September 30, 2016.

The following pro forma financial information for the quarters ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 reflects the Company's estimated consolidated pro forma results of operations as if the Reltco acquisition occurred on January 1, 2016:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Revenue (net interest income and noninterest income)	$	46,085	$	40,627	$	133,306	$	106,960
Net income available to common stockholders	12,862		4,183		28,807		9,952
Basic earnings per share	0.34		0.12		0.81		0.29
Diluted earnings per share	0.33		0.12		0.78		0.28

Note 5. Investment Securities

The carrying amount of investment securities and their approximate fair values are reflected in the following table:

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements



	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
September 30, 2017
US government agencies	$	17,829	$	11	$	35	$	17,805
Residential mortgage-backed securities	57,685		—		936		56,749
Mutual fund	2,070		—		49		2,021
Total	$	77,584	$	11	$	1,020	$	76,575

December 31, 2016
US government agencies	$	17,803	$	52	$	32	$	17,823
Residential mortgage-backed securities	52,301		3		1,031		51,273
Mutual fund	2,012		—		52		1,960
Total	$	72,116	$	55	$	1,115	$	71,056

There were no sales of securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.The following tables show gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.



	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
September 30, 2017	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
US government agencies	$	4,996	$	16	$	1,496	$	19	$	6,492	$	35
Residential mortgage-backed securities	28,397		461		21,767		475		50,164		936
Mutual fund	2,021		49		—		—		2,021		49
Total	$	35,414	$	526	$	23,263	$	494	$	58,677	$	1,020
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
December 31, 2016	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
US government agencies	$	6,508	$	32	$	—	$	—	$	6,508	$	32
Residential mortgage-backed securities	49,109		1,017		1,635		14		50,744		1,031
Mutual fund	1,960		52		—		—		1,960		52
Total	$	57,577	$	1,101	$	1,635	$	14	$	59,212	$	1,115

At September 30, 2017, there were twelve residential mortgage-backed securities and one US government agency security in unrealized loss positions for greater than 12 months and fourteen residential mortgage-backed securities, two US government agency securities and the 504 Fund mutual fund investment in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months. Unrealized losses at December 31, 2016 were comprised of two residential mortgage-backed securities in unrealized loss positions for greater than 12 months and three US government agency securities, twenty-two residential mortgage-backed securities and the 504 Fund mutual fund investment in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months.

These unrealized losses are primarily the result of volatility in the market and are related to market interest rates. Since none of the unrealized losses relate to marketability of the securities or the issuer’s ability to honor redemption obligations and the Company has the intent and ability to hold the securities for a sufficient period of time to recover unrealized losses, none of the securities are deemed to be other than temporarily impaired.

All residential mortgage-backed securities in the Company’s portfolio at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were backed by US government sponsored enterprises (“GSEs”).

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The following is a summary of investment securities by maturity:



	September 30, 2017
	Available-for-Sale
	Amortized cost		Fair value
US government agencies
Within one year	$	11,302	$	11,312
One to five years	6,527		6,492
Total	17,829		17,804

Residential mortgage-backed securities
Five to ten years	7,264		7,200
After 10 years	50,421		49,550
Total	57,685		56,750

Total	$	75,514	$	74,554

The table above reflects contractual maturities. Actual results will differ as the loans underlying the mortgage-backed securities may repay sooner than scheduled. This table excludes the 504 Fund mutual fund investment.

At December 31, 2016, an investment security with a fair market value of $1.5 million was pledged to secure a line of credit with the Company’s correspondent bank. At September 30, 2017, the security pledged to secure a line of credit with the Company's correspondent bank was released. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, an investment security with a fair market value of $100 thousand was pledged to the Ohio State Treasurer to allow the Company's trust department to conduct business in the state of Ohio and investment securities with a fair market value of $2.5 million and $1.2 million, respectively, were pledged to the Company's trust department for uninsured trust assets held by the trust department.

Note 6. Loans and Leases Held for Investment and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

Loan and Lease Portfolio Segments

The following describes the risk characteristics relevant to each of the portfolio segments. Each loan and lease category is assigned a risk grade during the origination and closing process based on criteria described later in this section.

Commercial and Industrial

Commercial and industrial loans (C&I) receive similar underwriting treatment as commercial real estate loans in that the repayment source is analyzed to determine its ability to meet cash flow coverage requirements as set forth by Bank policies. Repayment of the Bank’s C&I loans generally comes from the generation of cash flow as the result of the borrower’s business operations. This business cycle itself brings a certain level of risk to the portfolio. In some instances, these loans may carry a higher degree of risk due to a variety of reasons – illiquid collateral, specialized equipment, highly depreciable assets, uncollectable accounts receivable, revolving balances, or simply being unsecured. As a result of these characteristics, the SBA guarantee on these loans is an important factor in mitigating risk.

Construction and Development

Construction and development loans are for the purpose of acquisition and development of land to be improved through the construction of commercial buildings. Such loans are usually paid off through the conversion to permanent financing for the long-term benefit of the borrower’s ongoing operations. At the completion of the project, if the loan is converted to permanent financing or if scheduled loan amortization begins, it is then reclassified to the “Commercial Real Estate” segment. Underwriting of construction and development loans typically includes analysis of not only the borrower’s financial condition and ability to meet the required debt obligations, but also the general market conditions associated with the area and type of project being funded.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Commercial Real Estate

Commercial real estate loans are extensions of credit secured by owner occupied and non-owner occupied collateral. Underwriting generally involves intensive analysis of the financial strength of the borrower and guarantor, liquidation value of the subject collateral, the associated unguaranteed exposure, and any available secondary sources of repayment, with the greatest emphasis given to a borrower’s capacity to meet cash flow coverage requirements as set forth by Bank policies. Such repayment of commercial real estate loans is commonly derived from the successful ongoing operations of the business occupying the property. These typically include small businesses and professional practices.

Commercial Land

Commercial land loans are extensions of credit secured by farmland. Such loans are often for land improvements related to agricultural endeavors that may include construction of new specialized facilities. These loans are usually repaid through the conversion to permanent financing, or if scheduled loans amortization begins, for the long-term benefit of the borrower’s ongoing operations. Underwriting generally involves intensive analysis of the financial strength of the borrower and guarantor, liquidation value of the subject collateral, the associated unguaranteed exposure, and any available secondary sources of repayment, with the greatest emphasis given to a borrower’s capacity to meet cash flow coverage requirements as set forth by Bank policies.

Each of the loan types referenced in the sections above is further segmented into verticals in which the Bank chooses to operate. The Bank chooses to finance businesses operating in specific industries because of certain similarities. The similarities range from historical default and loss characteristics to business operations. However, there are differences that create the necessity to underwrite these loans according to varying criteria and guidelines. When underwriting a loan, the Bank considers numerous factors such as cash flow coverage, the credit scores of the guarantors, revenue growth, practice ownership experience and debt service capacity. Minimum guidelines have been set with regard to these various factors and deviations from those guidelines require compensating strengths when considering a proposed loan.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Loans and leases consist of the following:



	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Commercial & Industrial
Agriculture	$	2,698		$	1,714
Death Care Management	12,101			9,684
Healthcare	41,454			37,270
Independent Pharmacies	97,171			83,677
Registered Investment Advisors	91,241			68,335
Veterinary Industry	45,570			38,930
Other Industries	142,115			94,836
Total	432,350			334,446
Construction & Development
Agriculture	34,636			32,372
Death Care Management	4,744			3,956
Healthcare	46,814			30,467
Independent Pharmacies	1,696			2,013
Registered Investment Advisors	329			294
Veterinary Industry	13,265			11,514
Other Industries	45,052			31,715
Total	146,536			112,331
Commercial Real Estate
Agriculture	14,689			5,591
Death Care Management	61,462			52,510
Healthcare	121,331			114,281
Independent Pharmacies	18,508			15,151
Registered Investment Advisors	13,550			11,462
Veterinary Industry	110,028			102,906
Other Industries	106,418			46,245
Total	445,986			348,146
Commercial Land
Agriculture	146,814			113,569
Total	146,814			113,569
Total Loans and Leases¹	1,171,686			908,492
Net Deferred Costs	8,038			7,648
Discount on SBA 7(a) and USDA Unguaranteed²	(9,837		)	(8,574		)
Loans and Leases, Net of Unearned	$	1,169,887		$	907,566


1	Total loans and leases include $40.4 million and $37.7 million of U.S. government guaranteed loans as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.


2	The Company measures the carrying value of the retained portion of loans sold at fair value under ASC Subtopic 825-10. The value of these retained loan balances is discounted based on the estimates derived from comparable unguaranteed loan sales.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Credit Risk Profile

The Bank uses internal loan and lease reviews to assess the performance of individual loans and leases by industry segment. An independent review of the loan and lease portfolio is performed annually by an external firm. The goal of the Bank’s annual review of select borrowers' financial performance is to validate the adequacy of the risk grade assigned.

The Bank uses a grading system to rank the quality of each loan and lease. The grade is periodically evaluated and adjusted as performance dictates. Loan and lease grades 1 through 4 are passing grades and grade 5 is special mention. Collectively, grades 6 through 8 represent classified loans and leases in the Bank’s portfolio. The following guidelines govern the assignment of these risk grades:

Exceptional (1 Rated): These loans and leases are of the highest quality, with strong, well-documented sources of repayment. Debt service coverage (“DSC”) is over 1.75X based on historical results. Secondary source of repayment is strong, with a loan to value (“LTV”) of 65% or less if secured solely by commercial real estate (“CRE”). Discounted collateral coverage from all sources should exceed 125%. Guarantors have credit scores above 740.

Quality (2 Rated): These loans and leases are of good quality, with good, well-documented sources of repayment. DSC is over 1.25X based on historical or pro-forma results. Secondary source of repayment is good, with a LTV of 75% or less if secured solely by CRE. Discounted collateral coverage should exceed 100%. Guarantors have credit scores above 700.

Acceptable (3 rated): These loans and leases are of acceptable quality, with acceptable sources of repayment. DSC of over 1.00X based on historical or pro-forma results. Companies that do not meet these credit metrics must be evaluated to determine if they should be graded below this level.

Acceptable (4 rated): These loans and leases are considered very weak pass. These loans and leases are riskier than a 3-rated credit, but due to various mitigating factors are not considered a Special mention or worse. The mitigating factors must clearly be identified to offset further downgrade. Examples of loans and leases that may be put in this category include start-up loans and leases and loans and leases with less than 1:1 cash flow coverage with other sources of repayment.

Special mention (5 rated): These loans and leases are considered as emerging problems, with potentially unsatisfactory characteristics. These loans and leases require greater management attention. A loan or lease may be put into this category if the Bank is unable to obtain financial reporting from a company to fully evaluate its position.

Substandard (6 rated): Loans and leases graded Substandard are inadequately protected by current sound net worth, paying capacity of the borrower, or pledged collateral. They typically have unsatisfactory characteristics causing more than acceptable levels of risk, and have one or more well-defined weaknesses that could jeopardize the repayment of the debt.

Doubtful (7 rated): Loans and leases graded Doubtful have inherent weaknesses that make collection or liquidation in full questionable. Loans and leases graded Doubtful must be placed on non-accrual status.

Loss (8 rated): Loss rated loans and leases are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as an active Bank asset is not warranted. The asset should be charged off, even though partial recovery may be possible in the future.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The following tables summarize the risk grades of each category:



	Risk Grades 1 - 4		Risk Grade 5		Risk Grades 6 - 8		Total
September 30, 2017
Commercial & Industrial
Agriculture	$	2,470	$	228	$	—	$	2,698
Death Care Management	11,976		118		7		12,101
Healthcare	32,350		1,716		7,388		41,454
Independent Pharmacies	87,173		6,523		3,475		97,171
Registered Investment Advisors	87,940		2,566		735		91,241
Veterinary Industry	41,738		1,833		1,999		45,570
Other Industries	142,096		19		—		142,115
Total	405,743		13,003		13,604		432,350
Construction & Development
Agriculture	34,636		—		—		34,636
Death Care Management	4,744		—		—		4,744
Healthcare	44,937		704		1,173		46,814
Independent Pharmacies	1,696		—		—		1,696
Registered Investment Advisors	329		—		—		329
Veterinary Industry	13,265		—		—		13,265
Other Industries	45,052		—		—		45,052
Total	144,659		704		1,173		146,536
Commercial Real Estate
Agriculture	14,689		—		—		14,689
Death Care Management	54,684		4,288		2,490		61,462
Healthcare	111,943		5,050		4,338		121,331
Independent Pharmacies	15,043		1,843		1,622		18,508
Registered Investment Advisors	13,406		144		—		13,550
Veterinary Industry	95,055		2,680		12,293		110,028
Other Industries	105,738		680		—		106,418
Total	410,558		14,685		20,743		445,986
Commercial Land
Agriculture	144,687		2,104		23		146,814
Total	144,687		2,104		23		146,814
Total¹	$	1,105,647	$	30,496	$	35,543	$	1,171,686

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements



	Risk Grades 1 - 4		Risk Grade 5		Risk Grades 6 - 8		Total
December 31, 2016
Commercial & Industrial
Agriculture	$	1,656	$	58	$	—	$	1,714
Death Care Management	9,452		121		111		9,684
Healthcare	28,723		681		7,866		37,270
Independent Pharmacies	73,948		6,542		3,187		83,677
Registered Investment Advisors	65,297		2,246		792		68,335
Veterinary Industry	34,407		1,967		2,556		38,930
Other Industries	94,736		100		—		94,836
Total	308,219		11,715		14,512		334,446
Construction & Development
Agriculture	32,061		—		311		32,372
Death Care Management	3,956		—		—		3,956
Healthcare	30,467		—		—		30,467
Independent Pharmacies	2,013		—		—		2,013
Registered Investment Advisors	294		—		—		294
Veterinary Industry	9,725		1,789		—		11,514
Other Industries	31,715		—		—		31,715
Total	110,231		1,789		311		112,331
Commercial Real Estate
Agriculture	5,591		—		—		5,591
Death Care Management	46,427		4,314		1,769		52,510
Healthcare	103,097		7,142		4,042		114,281
Independent Pharmacies	12,654		1,968		529		15,151
Registered Investment Advisors	11,462		—		—		11,462
Veterinary Industry	88,168		3,995		10,743		102,906
Other Industries	46,245		—		—		46,245
Total	313,644		17,419		17,083		348,146
Commercial Land
Agriculture	112,333		1,138		98		113,569
Total	112,333		1,138		98		113,569
Total¹	$	844,427	$	32,061	$	32,004	$	908,492

Total loans and leases include $40.4 million of U.S. government guaranteed loans as of September 30, 2017, segregated by risk grade as follows: Risk Grades 1 – 4 = $12.1 million, Risk Grade 5 = $3.7 million, Risk Grades 6 – 8 = $24.6 million. As of December 31, 2016, total loans and leases include $37.7 million of U.S. government guaranteed loans, segregated by risk grade as follows: Risk Grades 1 – 4 = $8.7 million, Risk Grade 5 = $7.7 million, Risk Grades 6 – 8 = $21.3 million.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Past Due Loans and Leases

Loans and leases are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans and leases less than 30 days past due and accruing are included within current loans and leases shown below. The following tables show an age analysis of past due loans and leases as of the dates presented.



	Less Than 30 Days Past Due & Not Accruing		30-89 Days Past Due & Accruing		30-89 Days Past Due & Not Accruing		Greater Than 90 Days Past Due		Total Not Accruing & Past Due		Current		Total Loans and Leases		90 Days or More Past Due & Still Accruing
September 30, 2017
Commercial & Industrial
Agriculture	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,698	$	2,698	$	—
Death Care Management	—		—		—		—		—		12,101		12,101		—
Healthcare	535		76		16		6,152		6,779		34,675		41,454		—
Independent Pharmacies	331		44		—		2,274		2,649		94,522		97,171		—
Registered Investment Advisors	—		—		—		—		—		91,241		91,241		—
Veterinary Industry	224		29		536		796		1,585		43,985		45,570		—
Other Industries	—		—		—		—		—		142,115		142,115		—
Total	1,090		149		552		9,222		11,013		421,337		432,350		—
Construction & Development
Agriculture	—		—		—		—		—		34,636		34,636		—
Death Care Management	—		—		—		—		—		4,744		4,744		—
Healthcare	—		—		—		—		—		46,814		46,814		—
Independent Pharmacies	—		—		—		—		—		1,696		1,696		—
Registered Investment Advisors	—		—		—		—		—		329		329		—
Veterinary Industry	—		—		—		—		—		13,265		13,265		—
Other Industries	—		—		—		—		—		45,052		45,052		—
Total	—		—		—		—		—		146,536		146,536		—
Commercial Real Estate
Agriculture	—		—		—		—		—		14,689		14,689		—
Death Care Management	—		298		174		1,402		1,874		59,588		61,462		—
Healthcare	40		—		2,679		829		3,548		117,783		121,331		—
Independent Pharmacies	—		—		—		1,622		1,622		16,886		18,508		—
Registered Investment Advisors	—		—		—		—		—		13,550		13,550		—
Veterinary Industry	1,906		3,915		132		2,749		8,702		101,326		110,028		—
Other Industries	—		7,750		—		—		7,750		98,668		106,418		—
Total	1,946		11,963		2,985		6,602		23,496		422,490		445,986		—
Commercial Land
Agriculture	23		—		—		—		23		146,791		146,814		—
Total	23		—		—		—		23		146,791		146,814		—
Total¹	$	3,059	$	12,112	$	3,537	$	15,824	$	34,532	$	1,137,154	$	1,171,686	$	—

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements



	Less Than 30 Days Past Due & Not Accruing		30-89 Days Past Due & Accruing		30-89 Days Past Due & Not Accruing		Greater Than 90 Days Past Due		Total Not Accruing & Past Due		Current		Total Loans and Leases		90 Days or More Past Due & Still Accruing
December 31, 2016
Commercial & Industrial
Agriculture	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,714	$	1,714	$	—
Death Care Management	—		—		—		—		—		9,684		9,684		—
Healthcare	—		272		496		5,920		6,688		30,582		37,270		—
Independent Pharmacies	42		293		408		2,349		3,092		80,585		83,677		—
Registered Investment Advisors	—		—		—		—		—		68,335		68,335		—
Veterinary Industry	32		151		646		1,441		2,270		36,660		38,930		—
Other Industries	—		—		—		—		—		94,836		94,836		—
Total	74		716		1,550		9,710		12,050		322,396		334,446		—
Construction & Development
Agriculture	231		80		—		—		311		32,061		32,372		—
Death Care Management	—		—		—		—		—		3,956		3,956		—
Healthcare	—		—		—		—		—		30,467		30,467		—
Independent Pharmacies	—		—		—		—		—		2,013		2,013		—
Registered Investment Advisors	—		—		—		—		—		294		294		—
Veterinary Industry	—		—		—		—		—		11,514		11,514		—
Other Industries	—		—		—		—		—		31,715		31,715		—
Total	231		80		—		—		311		112,020		112,331		—
Commercial Real Estate
Agriculture	—		—		—		—		—		5,591		5,591		—
Death Care Management	—		—		188		1,423		1,611		50,899		52,510		—
Healthcare	—		—		3,180		45		3,225		111,056		114,281		—
Independent Pharmacies	—		—		—		529		529		14,622		15,151		—
Registered Investment Advisors	—		—		—		—		—		11,462		11,462		—
Veterinary Industry	898		3,981		737		5,158		10,774		92,132		102,906		—
Other Industries	—		—		—		—		—		46,245		46,245		—
Total	898		3,981		4,105		7,155		16,139		332,007		348,146		—
Commercial Land
Agriculture	58		40		—		—		98		113,471		113,569		—
Total	58		40		—		—		98		113,471		113,569		—
Total¹	$	1,261	$	4,817	$	5,655	$	16,865	$	28,598	$	879,894	$	908,492	$	—

Total loans and leases include $40.4 million of U.S. government guaranteed loans as of September 30, 2017, of which $14.3 million is greater than 90 days past due, $5.0 million is 30-89 days past due and $21.1 million is included in current loans and leases as presented above. As of December 31, 2016, total loans and leases include $37.7 million of U.S. government guaranteed loans, of which $13.7 million is greater than 90 days past due, $6.8 million is 30-89 days past due and $17.2 million is included in current loans and leases as presented above.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Nonaccrual Loans and Leases

Loans and leases that become 90 days delinquent, or in cases where there is evidence that the borrower’s ability to make the required payments is impaired, are placed in nonaccrual status and interest accrual is discontinued. If interest on nonaccrual loans and leases had been accrued in accordance with the original terms, interest income would have increased by approximately $302 thousand and $165 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 interest income would have increased approximately $831 thousand and $451 thousand, respectively. All nonaccrual loans and leases are included in the held for investment portfolio.

Nonaccrual loans and leases as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows:



September 30, 2017	Loan and Lease Balance		Guaranteed Balance		Unguaranteed Exposure
Commercial & Industrial
Healthcare	$	6,703	$	5,712	$	991
Independent Pharmacies	2,605		2,253		352
Registered Investment Advisors	—		—		—
Veterinary Industry	1,556		1,517		39
Total	10,864		9,482		1,382
Commercial Real Estate
Death Care Management	1,576		1,246		330
Healthcare	3,548		2,749		799
Independent Pharmacies	1,622		1,622		—
Veterinary Industry	4,787		3,999		788
Total	11,533		9,616		1,917
Commercial Land
Agriculture	23		23		—
Total	23		23		—
Total	$	22,420	$	19,121	$	3,299

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements



December 31, 2016	Loan and Lease Balance		Guaranteed Balance		Unguaranteed Exposure
Commercial & Industrial
Healthcare	$	6,416	$	5,152	$	1,264
Independent Pharmacies	2,799		2,204		595
Veterinary Industry	2,119		2,079		40
Total	11,334		9,435		1,899
Construction & Development
Agriculture	231		173		58
Total	231		173		58
Commercial Real Estate
Death Care Management	1,611		1,263		348
Healthcare	3,225		2,731		494
Independent Pharmacies	529		—		529
Veterinary Industry	6,793		5,395		1,398
Total	12,158		9,389		2,769
Commercial Land
Agriculture	58		—		58
Total	58		—		58
Total	$	23,781	$	18,997	$	4,784

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Allowance for Loan and Lease Loss Methodology

The methodology and the estimation process for calculating the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (“ALLL”) is described below:

Estimated credit losses should meet the criteria for accrual of a loss contingency, i.e., a provision to the ALLL, set forth in GAAP. The Company’s methodology for determining the ALLL is based on the requirements of GAAP, the Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and other regulatory and accounting pronouncements. The ALLL is determined by the sum of three separate components: (i) the impaired loan and lease component, which addresses specific reserves for impaired loans and leases; (ii) the general reserve component, which addresses reserves for pools of homogeneous loans and leases; and (iii) an unallocated reserve component (if any) based on management’s judgment and experience. The loan and lease pools and impaired loans and leases are mutually exclusive; any loan or lease that is impaired is excluded from its homogenous pool for purposes of that pool’s reserve calculation, regardless of the level of impairment.

The ALLL policy for pooled loans and leases is governed in accordance with banking regulatory guidance for homogenous pools of non-impaired loans and leases that have similar risk characteristics. The Company follows a consistent and structured approach for assessing the need for reserves within each individual loan and lease pool.

Loans and leases are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the creditor will be unable to collect all interest and principal payments due according to the originally contracted, or reasonably modified, terms of the loan or lease agreement. The Company has determined that loans and leases that meet the criteria defined below must be reviewed quarterly to determine if they are impaired.


•	All commercial loans and leases classified substandard or worse.


•	Any other delinquent loan or lease that is in a nonaccrual status, or any loan or lease that is delinquent more than 89 days and still accruing interest.


•	Any loan or lease which has been modified such that it meets the definition of a Troubled Debt Restructuring (TDR).

The Company’s policy for impaired loan and lease accounting subjects all loans and leases to impairment recognition; however, loan and lease relationships with unguaranteed credit exposure of less than $100,000 are generally not evaluated on an individual basis for impairment and instead are evaluated collectively using a methodology based on historical specific reserves on similar sized loans and leases. Any loan or lease not meeting the above criteria and determined to be impaired is subjected to an impairment analysis, which is a calculation of the probable loss on the loan or lease. This portion is the loan's or lease’s “impairment,” and is established as a specific reserve against the loan or lease, or charged against the ALLL.

Individual specific reserve amounts imply probability of loss and may not be carried in the reserve indefinitely. When the amount of the actual loss becomes reasonably quantifiable, the amount of the loss is charged off against the ALLL, whether or not all liquidation and recovery efforts have been completed. If the total amount of the individual specific reserve that will eventually be charged off cannot yet be sufficiently quantified but some portion of the impairment can be viewed as a confirmed loss, then the confirmed loss portion should be charged off against the ALLL and the individual specific reserve reduced by a corresponding amount.

For impaired loans or leases, the reserve amount is calculated on a loan or lease-specific basis. The Company utilizes two methods of analyzing impaired loans and leases not guaranteed by the SBA:


•	The Fair Market Value of Collateral method utilizes the value at which the collateral could be sold considering the appraised value, appraisal discount rate, prior liens and selling costs. The amount of the reserve is the deficit of the estimated collateral value compared to the loan or lease balance.


•	The Present Value of Future Cash Flows method takes into account the amount and timing of cash flows and the effective interest rate used to discount the cash flows.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table details activity in the allowance for loan and lease losses by portfolio segment allowance for the periods presented:



Three months ended	Construction & Development		Commercial Real Estate			Commercial & Industrial			Commercial Land			Total
September 30, 2017
Beginning Balance	$	1,603	$	7,494		$	8,351		$	2,112		$	19,560
Charge offs	—		(665		)	(343		)	—			(1,008		)
Recoveries	—		4			39			6			49
Provision	36		1,565			827			(2		)	2,426
Ending Balance	$	1,639	$	8,398		$	8,874		$	2,116		$	21,027
September 30, 2016
Beginning Balance	$	1,208	$	4,079		$	5,601		$	1,421		$	12,309
Charge offs	—		—			(939		)	—			(939		)
Recoveries	—		1			1			—			2
Provision	225		261			2,907			413			3,806
Ending Balance	$	1,433	$	4,341		$	7,570		$	1,834		$	15,178



Nine months ended	Construction & Development			Commercial Real Estate			Commercial & Industrial			Commercial Land			Total
September 30, 2017
Beginning Balance	$	1,693		$	5,897		$	8,413		$	2,206		$	18,209
Charge offs	—			(952		)	(1,754		)	(35		)	(2,741		)
Recoveries	—			17			55			6			78
Provision	(54		)	3,436			2,160			(61		)	5,481
Ending Balance	$	1,639		$	8,398		$	8,874		$	2,116		$	21,027
September 30, 2016
Beginning Balance	$	1,064		$	2,486		$	2,766		$	1,099		$	7,415
Charge offs	—			(7		)	(1,307		)	(63		)	(1,377		)
Recoveries	—			4			444			—			448
Provision	369			1,858			5,667			798			8,692
Ending Balance	$	1,433		$	4,341		$	7,570		$	1,834		$	15,178

The following tables detail the recorded allowance for loan and lease losses and the investment in loans and leases related to each portfolio segment, disaggregated on the basis of impairment evaluation methodology:



September 30, 2017	Construction & Development		Commercial Real Estate		Commercial & Industrial		Commercial Land		Total
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:
Loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	$	53	$	1,610	$	1,290	$	—	$	2,953
Loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment²	1,586		6,788		7,584		2,116		18,074
Total allowance for loan and lease losses	$	1,639	$	8,398	$	8,874	$	2,116	$	21,027
Loans and leases receivable¹:
Loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	$	1,151	$	16,231	$	7,321	$	—	$	24,703
Loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment²	145,385		429,755		425,029		146,814		1,146,983
Total loans and leases receivable	$	146,536	$	445,986	$	432,350	$	146,814	$	1,171,686

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements



December 31, 2016	Construction & Development		Commercial Real Estate		Commercial & Industrial		Commercial Land		Total
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:
Loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	1,496	$	1,458	$	—	$	2,954
Loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment²	1,693		4,401		6,955		2,206		15,255
Total allowance for loan and lease losses	$	1,693	$	5,897	$	8,413	$	2,206	$	18,209
Loans and leases receivable¹:
Loans and leases individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	16,359	$	6,884	$	—	$	23,243
Loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment²	112,331		331,787		327,562		113,569		885,249
Total loans and leases receivable	$	112,331	$	348,146	$	334,446	$	113,569	$	908,492


1	Loans and leases receivable includes $40.4 million of U.S. government guaranteed loans as of September 30, 2017, of which $24.7 million are impaired. As of December 31, 2016, loans and leases receivable includes $37.7 million of U.S. government guaranteed loans, of which $22.1 million are considered impaired.

Included in loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment are impaired loans and leases with individual unguaranteed exposure of less than $100 thousand. As of September 30, 2017, these balances totaled $13.4 million, of which $12 million are guaranteed by the U.S. government and $1.4 million are unguaranteed. As of December 31, 2016, these balances totaled $12.3 million, of which $10.0 million are guaranteed by the U.S. government and $2.3 million are unguaranteed.The allowance for loan and lease losses associated with these loans and leases totaled $417 thousand and $438 thousand as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Loans and leases classified as impaired as of the dates presented are summarized in the following tables.



September 30, 2017	Recorded Investment		Guaranteed Balance		Unguaranteed Exposure
Commercial & Industrial
Death Care Management	$	8	$	—	$	8
Healthcare	7,384		5,712		1,672
Independent Pharmacies	4,282		2,514		1,768
Registered Investment Advisors	743		—		743
Veterinary Industry	2,407		1,605		802
Total	14,824		9,831		4,993
Construction & Development
Healthcare	1,151		880		271
Total	1,151		880		271
Commercial Real Estate
Death Care Management	2,486		1,246		1,240
Healthcare	4,334		2,999		1,335
Independent Pharmacies	1,622		1,622		—
Veterinary Industry	13,700		8,051		5,649
Total	22,142		13,918		8,224
Commercial Land
Agriculture	23		23		—
Total	23		23		—
Total	$	38,140	$	24,652	$	13,488



December 31, 2016	Recorded Investment		Guaranteed Balance		Unguaranteed Exposure
Commercial & Industrial
Death Care Management	$	111	$	—	$	111
Healthcare	7,923		5,453		2,470
Independent Pharmacies	3,514		2,495		1,019
Registered Investment Advisors	796		—		796
Veterinary Industry	2,882		2,199		683
Total	15,226		10,147		5,079
Construction & Development
Agriculture	300		233		67
Total	300		233		67
Commercial Real Estate
Death Care Management	1,768		1,264		504
Healthcare	4,044		2,985		1,059
Independent Pharmacies	528		—		528
Veterinary Industry	13,561		7,518		6,043
Total	19,901		11,767		8,134
Commercial Land
Agriculture	91		—		91
Total	91		—		91
Total	$	35,518	$	22,147	$	13,371

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table presents evaluated balances of loans and leases classified as impaired at the dates presented that carried an associated reserve as compared to those with no reserve. The recorded investment includes accrued interest and net deferred loan and lease fees or costs.



	September 30, 2017
	Recorded Investment
	With a Recorded Allowance		With No Recorded Allowance		Total		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance Recorded
Commercial & Industrial
Death Care Management	$	—	$	8	$	8	$	7	$	—
Healthcare	6,675		709		7,384		8,034		681
Independent Pharmacies	2,622		1,660		4,282		4,697		76
Registered Investment Advisors	668		75		743		735		521
Veterinary Industry	2,033		374		2,407		2,800		173
Total	11,998		2,826		14,824		16,273		1,451
Construction & Development
Healthcare	1,151		—		1,151		1,173		53
Total	1,151		—		1,151		1,173		53
Commercial Real Estate
Death Care Management	1,867		619		2,486		2,625		187
Healthcare	3,759		575		4,334		4,352		261
Independent Pharmacies	1,622		—		1,622		2,163		9
Veterinary Industry	11,506		2,194		13,700		14,787		1,408
Total	18,754		3,388		22,142		23,927		1,865
Commercial Land
Agriculture	23		—		23		58		—
Total	23		—		23		58		—
Total Impaired Loans and Leases	$	31,926	$	6,214	$	38,140	$	41,431	$	3,369

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements



	December 31, 2016
	Recorded Investment
	With a Recorded Allowance		With No Recorded Allowance		Total		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance Recorded
Commercial & Industrial
Death Care Management	$	8	$	103	$	111	$	111	$	1
Healthcare	7,259		664		7,923		8,120		778
Independent Pharmacies	3,184		330		3,514		3,610		327
Registered Investment Advisors	796		—		796		792		514
Veterinary Industry	2,754		128		2,882		3,369		106
Total	14,001		1,225		15,226		16,002		1,726
Construction & Development
Agriculture	300		—		300		311		13
Total	300		—		300		311		13
Commercial Real Estate
Death Care Management	1,580		188		1,768		1,904		34
Healthcare	3,514		530		4,044		4,042		47
Independent Pharmacies	528		—		528		529		284
Veterinary Industry	11,193		2,368		13,561		14,283		1,273
Total	16,815		3,086		19,901		20,758		1,638
Commercial Land
Agriculture	91		—		91		161		15
Total	91		—		91		161		15
Total Impaired Loans and Leases	$	31,207	$	4,311	$	35,518	$	37,232	$	3,392

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table presents the average recorded investment of impaired loans and leases for each period presented and interest income recognized during the period in which the loans and leases were considered impaired.



	Three months ended September 30, 2017				Three months ended September 30, 2016
	Average Balance		Interest Income Recognized		Average Balance		Interest Income Recognized
Commercial & Industrial
Death Care Management	$	42	$	1	$	9	$	—
Healthcare	7,076		11		6,345		38
Independent Pharmacies	4,266		26		1,946		18
Registered Investment Advisors	894		14		742		7
Veterinary Industry	2,511		11		2,501		13
Total	14,789		63		11,543		76
Construction & Development
Healthcare	602		2		—		—
Total	602		2		—		—
Commercial Real Estate
Death Care Management	2,512		13		1,801		2
Healthcare	3,079		11		1,012		12
Independent Pharmacies	1,985		—		551		2
Veterinary Industry	13,950		132		12,218		87
Total	21,526		156		15,582		103
Commercial Land
Agriculture	23		—		156		—
Total	23		—		156		—
Total	$	36,940	$	221	$	27,281	$	179

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements



	Nine months ended September 30, 2017				Nine months ended September 30, 2016
	Average Balance		Interest Income Recognized		Average Balance		Interest Income Recognized
Commercial & Industrial
Death Care Management	$	313	$	3	$	9	$	—
Healthcare	4,996		25		5,777		60
Independent Pharmacies	7,998		52		1,927		51
Registered Investment Advisors	1,438		28		588		13
Veterinary Industry	4,329		24		2,715		29
Total	19,074		132		11,016		153
Construction & Development
Healthcare	120		2		—		—
Total	120		2		—		—
Commercial Real Estate
Death Care Management	2,030		30		1,811		5
Healthcare	2,940		24		1,013		27
Independent Pharmacies	149		—		551		2
Veterinary Industry	13,069		278		12,266		249
Total	18,188		332		15,641		283
Commercial Land
Agriculture	199		—		355		—
Total	199		—		355		—
Total	$	37,581	$	466	$	27,012	$	436

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The following tables present the types of TDRs that were made during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:



	Three months ended September 30, 2017					Three months ended September 30, 2016
	All Restructurings					All Restructurings
	Number of Loans	Pre- modification Recorded Investment		Post- modification Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Pre- modification Recorded Investment		Post- modification Recorded Investment
Payment Deferral and Extended Amortization
Commercial & Industrial
Independent Pharmacies	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Total Payment Deferral and Extended Amortization	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment Deferral
Commercial & Industrial
Healthcare	—	—		—		1	440		440
Veterinary Industry	2	559		559		—	—		—
Total Payment Deferral	2	559		559		1	440		440
Total	2	$	559	$	559	1	$	440	$	440



	Nine months ended September 30, 2017					Nine months ended September 30, 2016
	All Restructurings					All Restructurings
	Number of Loans	Pre- modification Recorded Investment		Post- modification Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Pre- modification Recorded Investment		Post- modification Recorded Investment
Payment Deferral and Extended Amortization
Commercial & Industrial
Independent Pharmacies	1	262		262		—	—		—
Total Payment Deferral and Extended Amortization	1	262		262		—	—		—
Payment Deferral
Commercial & Industrial
Healthcare	—	—		—		1	440		440
Veterinary Industry	2	559		559		1	420		420
Total Payment Deferral	2	559		559		2	860		860
Total	3	$	821	$	821	2	$	860	$	860

Concessions made to improve a loan and lease’s performance have varying degrees of success. No TDRS that were modified within the twelve months ended September 30, 2017 subsequently defaulted during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

As of September 30, 2016, one TDR that was modified within the twelve months ended September 30, 2016 subsequently defaulted during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. This TDR was a commercial and industrial veterinary loan that was previously modified for payment deferral. The recorded investment for this TDR at September 30, 2016 was $311 thousand.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 7. Servicing Assets

Loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying balance sheet. The unpaid principal balances of loans serviced for others requiring recognition of a servicing asset were $2.36 billion and $2.22 billion at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The following summarizes the activity pertaining to servicing rights:



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	53,675		$	48,454		$	51,994		$	44,230
Additions, net	3,527			4,964			9,412			11,923
Fair value changes:
Due to changes in valuation inputs or assumptions	(789		)	(1,452		)	342			(821		)
Decay due to increases in principal paydowns or runoff	(3,021		)	(2,237		)	(8,356		)	(5,603		)
Balance at end of period	$	53,392		$	49,729		$	53,392		$	49,729

The fair value of servicing rights was determined using discount rates ranging from 10.1% to 14.5% on September 30, 2017 and 8.1% to 14.1% on September 30, 2016. The fair value of servicing rights was determined using prepayment speeds ranging from 3.1% to 10.0% on September 30, 2017 and 2.9% to 9.8% on September 30, 2016, depending on the stratification of the specific right. Changes to fair value are reported in loan servicing asset revaluation within the consolidated statements of income.

The fair value of servicing rights is highly sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions. Changes in prepayment speed assumptions have the most significant impact on the fair value of servicing rights. Generally, as interest rates rise on variable rate loans, loan prepayments increase due to an increase in refinance activity, which results in a decrease in the fair value of servicing assets. Measurement of fair value is limited to the conditions existing and the assumptions used as of a particular point in time, and those assumptions may not be appropriate if they are applied at a different time.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 8. Borrowings

Total outstanding long term borrowings consisted of the following:



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Long term borrowings
On September 11, 2014, the Company financed the construction of an additional building located on the Company’s Tiburon Drive main campus with a $24 million construction line of credit with an unaffiliated commercial bank, secured by both properties at its Tiburon Drive main facility location. Payments were interest only through September 11, 2016 at a fixed rate of 3.95% for a term of 84 months. Monthly principal and interest payments of $146 thousand began in October 2016 with all principal and accrued interest due on September 11, 2021. The construction line is fully disbursed and there was no remaining available credit on this construction line at September 30, 2017.	$	23,195	$	23,864
On February 23, 2015, the Company transferred two related party loans to an unaffiliated commercial bank in exchange for $4.7 million. The exchange price equated to the unpaid principal balance plus accrued but uncollected interest at the time of transfer. The terms of the transfer agreement with the unaffiliated commercial bank identified the transaction as a secured borrowing for accounting purposes. Interest accrues at prime plus 1% with monthly principal and interest payments over a term of 60 months. The interest rate at September 30, 2017 is 5.25%. The maturity date is October 5, 2019. The pledged collateral is classified in other assets with a fair value of $3.7 million at September 30, 2017. Underlying loans carry a risk grade of 3 and are current with no delinquencies.	3,677		3,979
Total long term borrowings	$	26,872	$	27,843

The Company may purchase federal funds through unsecured federal funds lines of credit with various correspondent banks, which totaled $47.5 million and $26.5 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. These lines are intended for short-term borrowings and are subject to restrictions limiting the frequency and terms of advances. These lines of credit are payable on demand and bear interest based upon the daily federal funds rate. The Company had no outstanding balances on the lines of credit as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

The Company has $25 million available in an unsecured line of credit with a correspondent bank as of September 30, 2017. The line was increased from $8.1 million to $25 million on April 18, 2017. At December 31, 2016, there was $8.1 million available on this unsecured line of credit. The term is 24 months, maturing April 30, 2019, and interest accrues at Prime minus 0.50%. Payments are interest only with all principal and accrued interest due on April 30, 2019. The terms of the loan require the Company to maintain minimum capital, liquidity and Texas ratios. There was no outstanding balance on this line of credit as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company has entered into a repurchase agreement with a third party for $5 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. At the time the Company enters into a transaction with the third party, the Company must transfer securities or other assets against the funds received. The terms of the agreement are set at market conditions at the time the Company enters into such transaction. The Company had no outstanding balance on the repurchase agreement as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

The Company may borrow funds through the Federal Reserve Bank’s discount window. These borrowings are secured by a blanket floating lien on qualifying loans with a balance of $321.0 million and $281.3 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had approximately $175.0 million and $142.7 million, respectively, in borrowing capacity available under these arrangements with no outstanding balance as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Note 9. Income Taxes

The Company's effective tax rate is lower than the U.S. statutory rate primarily because of the anticipated effect of investment tax credits during 2017. The Company's effective tax rate in the future will depend on the actual investment tax credits earned as a part of its financing renewable energy applications.

In the first quarter of 2017, share based compensation expense excess tax benefits of $874 thousand were reflected in the consolidated statements of income as a component of the provision for income taxes as a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09. Please refer to Note 2 for more details regarding the adoption of ASU 2016-09.

Note 10. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value Hierarchy

There are three levels of inputs in the fair value hierarchy that may be used to measure fair value. Financial instruments are considered Level 1 when valuation can be based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 financial instruments are valued using quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or models using inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data of substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Financial instruments are considered Level 3 when their values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques and at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable and when determination of the fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value

The following sections provide a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the fair value hierarchy:

Investment securities: Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities would include highly liquid government bonds, mortgage products and exchange traded equities. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, discounted cash flow or at net asset value per share. Level 2 securities would include US government agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, obligations of states and political subdivisions and certain corporate, asset backed mutual fund and other securities. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

Impaired loans: Impairment of a loan is based on the fair value of the collateral of the loan for collateral-dependent loans. Fair value of the loan’s collateral, when the loan is dependent on collateral, is determined by appraisals or independent valuation which is then adjusted for the cost related to liquidation of the collateral. For non-collateral dependent loans, impairment is determined by the present value of expected future cash flows. Impaired loans classified as Level 3 are based on management’s judgment and estimation.

Servicing assets: Servicing rights do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices. While sales of servicing rights do occur, the precise terms and conditions typically are not readily available. Accordingly, the Company estimates the fair value of servicing rights using discounted cash flow models incorporating numerous assumptions from the perspective of a market participant including servicing income, servicing costs, market discount rates and prepayment speeds. Due to the nature of the valuation inputs, servicing rights are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

Foreclosed assets: Foreclosed real estate is adjusted to fair value less selling costs upon transfer of the loans to foreclosed real estate. Subsequently, foreclosed real estate is carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value less selling costs. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral or management’s estimation of the value of the collateral. Given the lack of observable market prices for identical properties and market discounts applied to appraised values, the Company generally classifies foreclosed assets as nonrecurring Level 3.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Contingent consideration liability: Contingent consideration associated with the acquisition of Reltco will be adjusted to fair value quarterly until settled. The assumptions used to measure fair value are based on internal metrics that are unobservable and therefore the contingent consideration liability is classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

Recurring Fair Value

The tables below present the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.



September 30, 2017	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Investment securities available-for-sale
US government agencies	$	17,804	$	—	$	17,804	$	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	56,750		—		56,750		—
Mutual fund	2,021		—		2,021		—
Servicing assets¹	53,392		—		—		53,392
Total assets at fair value	$	129,967	$	—	$	76,575	$	53,392

Contingent consideration liability²	$	4,650	$	—	$	—	$	4,650
Total liabilities at fair value	$	4,650	$	—	$	—	$	4,650



December 31, 2016	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Investment securities available-for-sale
US government agencies	$	17,823	$	—	$	17,823	$	—
Residential mortgage-backed securities	51,273		—		51,273		—
Mutual fund	1,960		—		1,960		—
Servicing assets¹	51,994		—		—		51,994
Total assets at fair value	$	123,050	$	—	$	71,056	$	51,994


1	See Note 7 for a rollforward of recurring Level 3 fair values for servicing assets and various assumptions used in the fair value measurement.


2	See Note 4 for activity related to the recurring Level 3 fair value for the contingent consideration liability and various assumptions used in the fair value measurement.

Non-recurring Fair Value

The tables below present the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.



September 30, 2017	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Impaired loans and leases	$	28,557	$	—	$	—	$	28,557
Foreclosed assets	2,231		—		—		2,231
Total assets at fair value	$	30,788	$	—	$	—	$	30,788



December 31, 2016	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Impaired loans and leases	$	27,815	$	—	$	—	$	27,815
Foreclosed assets	1,648		—		—		1,648
Total assets at fair value	$	29,463	$	—	$	—	$	29,463

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Level 3 Analysis

For Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows:

September 30, 2017



Level 3 Assets with Significant Unobservable Inputs	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range
Impaired Loans and Leases	$	28,557	Discounted appraisals Discounted expected cash flows	Appraisal adjustments (1) Interest rate & repayment term	0% to 25% Weighted average discount rate 6.01%
Foreclosed Assets	$	2,231	Discounted appraisals	Appraisal adjustments (1)	10% to 35%

December 31, 2016



Level 3 Assets with Significant Unobservable Inputs	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Inputs	Range
Impaired Loans and Leases	$	27,815	Discounted appraisals Discounted expected cash flows	Appraisal adjustments (1) Interest rate & repayment term	0% to 25% Weighted average discount rate 5.28%
Foreclosed Assets	$	1,648	Discounted appraisals	Appraisal adjustments (1)	10% to 35%


(1)	Appraisals may be adjusted by management for customized discounting criteria, estimated sales costs, and proprietary qualitative adjustments.

Estimated Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

GAAP also requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments carried at book value on the balance sheet. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. In that regard, the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instruments. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not represent the underlying value of the Company.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating its fair value disclosures for financial instruments not measured at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets:

Cash and due from banks: The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and due from banks approximate their fair values.

Certificates of deposit with other banks: The fair value of certificates of deposit with other banks is estimated based on discounting cash flows using the rates currently offered for instruments of similar remaining maturities.

Loans held for sale: The fair values of loans held for sale are based on quoted market prices, where available, and determined by discounting estimated cash flows using interest rates approximating the Company’s current origination rates for similar loans adjusted to reflect the inherent credit risk.

Loans and leases held for investment: For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying amounts. The fair values for other loans and leases are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on interest rates currently being offered for loans and leases with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Loan and lease fair value estimates include judgments regarding future expected loss experience and risk characteristics. Fair values for impaired loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis or underlying collateral values, where applicable.

Accrued interest: The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair value.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Deposits: The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and non-interest checking, passbook savings, and certain types of money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). The carrying amounts of variable-rate, fixed-term money market accounts and certificates of deposit approximate their fair values at the reporting date. Fair values for fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.

Short and long term borrowings: The fair values of the Company’s short term borrowings approximate fair value while long term borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the Company’s current incremental debt rates for similar types of debt arrangements.

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:



September 30, 2017	Carrying Amount		Quoted Price In Active Markets for Identical Assets /Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Fair Value
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks	$	260,907	$	260,907	$	—	$	—	$	260,907
Certificates of deposit with other banks	3,250		3,251		—		—		3,251
Investment securities, available-for-sale	76,575		—		76,575		—		76,575
Loans held for sale	692,586		—		—		770,923		770,923
Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan and lease losses	1,148,860		—		—		1,151,601		1,151,601
Servicing assets	53,392		—		—		53,392		53,392
Accrued interest receivable	9,669		9,669		—		—		9,669
Financial liabilities
Deposits	2,012,891		—		1,996,493		—		1,996,493
Accrued interest payable	270		270		—		—		270
Long term borrowings	26,872		—		—		27,904		27,904



December 31, 2016	Carrying Amount		Quoted Price In Active Markets for Identical Assets /Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Fair Value
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks	$	238,008	$	238,008	$	—	$	—	$	238,008
Certificates of deposit with other banks	7,250		7,236		—		—		7,236
Investment securities, available-for-sale	71,056		—		71,056		—		71,056
Loans held for sale	394,278		—		—		426,220		426,220
Loans and leases, net of allowance for loan and lease losses	889,357		—		—		873,158		873,158
Servicing assets	51,994		—		—		51,994		51,994
Accrued interest receivable	7,520		7,520		—		—		7,520
Financial liabilities
Deposits	1,485,076		—		1,469,173		—		1,469,173
Accrued interest payable	319		319		—		—		319
Long term borrowings	27,843		—		—		29,559		29,559

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

In the normal course of business the Company is involved in various legal proceedings. Management believes that the outcome of such proceedings will not materially affect the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.

Financial Instruments with Off-balance-sheet Risk

The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as for on-balance-sheet instruments. A summary of the Company’s commitments is as follows:



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Commitments to extend credit	$	1,563,688	$	1,342,271
Standby letters of credit	1,861		343
Solar purchase commitments	182,610		—
Airplane purchase agreement commitments	—		21,500
Total unfunded off-balance-sheet credit risk	$	1,748,159	$	1,364,114

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the party. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, residential real estate and income-producing commercial properties. In 2012, the Company began issuing commitment letters after approval of the loan by the Credit Department. Commitment letters generally expire ninety days after issuance.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. Collateral held varies as specified above and is required in instances which the Company deems necessary.

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had unfunded commitments to provide capital contributions for on-balance sheet investments in the amount of $4.4 million and $4.9 million, respectively.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Although the Company is not subject to any geographic concentrations, a substantial amount of the Company’s loans, leases, and commitments to extend credit have been granted to customers in the agriculture, healthcare and veterinary verticals. The concentrations of credit by type of loan are set forth in Note 6. The distribution of commitments to extend credit approximates the distribution of loans outstanding. The Company does not have a significant number of credits to any single borrower or group of related borrowers whereby their retained unguaranteed exposure exceeds $5.0 million, except for seventeen relationships that have a retained unguaranteed exposure of $144.6 million of which $90.8 million of the unguaranteed exposure has been disbursed.

Additionally, the Company has future minimum lease payments due under non-cancelable operating leases totaling $33.0 million, of which $28.0 million is due from two relationships.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company from time-to-time may have cash and cash equivalents on deposit with financial institutions that exceed federally-insured limits.

Note 12. Stock Plans

On March 20, 2015, the Company adopted the 2015 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan which replaced the previously existing Amended Incentive Stock Option Plan and Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan. Subsequently on May 24, 2016, the 2015 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan was amended to authorize awards covering a maximum of 7,000,000 common voting shares and has an expiration date of March 20, 2025. Options or restricted shares granted under the Amended and Restated 2015 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan (the "Plan") expire no more than 10 years from the date of grant. Exercise prices under the Plan are set by the Board of Directors at the date of grant, but shall not be less than 100% of fair market value of the related stock at the date of the grant. Options or restricted shares vest over a minimum of three years from the date of the grant.

Stock Options

Compensation cost relating to share-based payment transactions are recognized in the financial statements with measurement based upon the fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued. For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized $536 thousand and $580 thousand in compensation expense for stock options, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized $1.4 million and $1.8 million in compensation expense for stock options, respectively.

Stock option activity under the Plan during the nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 is summarized below.



	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2016	3,478,208	$	11.51
Exercised	76,285	7.89
Forfeited	203,671	14.12
Granted	—	—
Outstanding at September 30, 2017	3,198,252	$	11.43	7.31 years	$	38,411,802
Exercisable at September 30, 2017	703,425	$	10.41	7.06 years	$	9,171,805



	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2015	3,546,992	$	11.17
Exercised	25,406	5.79
Forfeited	166,483	9.01
Granted	169,987	14.02
Outstanding at September 30, 2016	3,525,090	$	11.44	8.30 years	$	14,212,513
Exercisable at September 30, 2016	478,141	$	9.22	7.84 years	$	2,887,741

The following is a summary of non-vested stock option activity for the Company for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements



	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2016	3,016,100	$	4.78
Granted	—	—
Vested	317,602	4.17
Forfeited	203,671	6.03
Non-vested at September 30, 2017	2,494,827	$	4.75



	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2015	3,393,441	$	4.56
Granted	169,987	6.58
Vested	349,996	4.22
Forfeited	166,483	3.13
Non-vested at September 30, 2016	3,046,949	$	4.79

The total intrinsic value of options exercised at September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $1.1 million and $223 thousand, respectively.

At September 30, 2017, unrecognized compensation costs relating to stock options amounted to $9.8 million which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.93 years.

The weighted average fair value of each stock option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The expected volatility is based on historical volatility. The risk-free interest rates for periods within the contractual life of the awards are based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. The expected life is based on historical exercise experience. The dividend yield assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. There were no stock options granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Restricted Stock

Restricted stock awards are authorized in the form of restricted stock awards or units ("RSU"s) and restricted stock awards or units with a market price condition ("Market RSU"s).

RSUs have a restriction based on the passage of time and may also have a restriction based on a non-market-related performance criteria. The fair value of the RSUs is based on the closing price on the date of the grant.

Market RSUs also have a restriction based on the passage of time and non-market-related performance criteria, but also have a restriction based on market price criteria related to the Company’s share price closing at or above a specified price ranging from $34.00 to $38.00 per share for at least twenty (20) consecutive trading days at any time prior to expiration date. The amount of Market RSUs earned will not exceed 100% of the Market RSUs awarded. The fair value of the Market RSUs and the implied service period is calculated using the Monte Carlo Simulation method.

RSU stock activity under the Plan during the first nine months of 2017 is summarized below.



	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2016	134,969	$	14.96
Granted	62,721	23.85
Vested	38,205	15.40
Forfeited	7,485	13.96
Non-vested at September 30, 2017	152,000	$	18.57

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized $191 thousand and $3.1 million in compensation expense for RSUs, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized $517 thousand and $5.3 million in compensation expense for RSUs, respectively.

At September 30, 2017, unrecognized compensation costs relating to RSUs amounted to $2.5 million which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 4.55 years.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Market RSU stock activity under the Plan during the first nine months of 2017 is summarized below.



	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2016	2,364,500	$	8.28
Granted	233,791	—
Vested	—	—
Forfeited	4,007	11.38
Non-vested at September 30, 2017	2,594,284	$	8.79

The compensation expense for Market RSUs is measured based on their grant date fair value as calculated using the Monte Carlo Simulation and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the average vesting period. The Monte Carlo Simulation used 100,000 simulation paths to assess the expected date of achieving the market price criteria.

Related to the 100,733 Market RSUs granted on January 31, 2017 and the 3,058 Market RSUs granted on May 8, 2017, the share price simulation was based on the Cox, Ross & Rubinstein option pricing methodology for a period of 7.0 years. The implied term of the restricted stock was 4.1 years. The Monte Carlo Simulation used various assumptions that included a risk free rate of return of 2.28%, expected volatility of 30.00% and a dividend yield of 0.39%.

Related to the 130,000 Market RSUs granted on August 7, 2017, the share price simulation was based on the Cox, Ross & Rubinstein option pricing methodology for a period of 7.0 years. The implied term of the restricted stock was 3.9 years. The Monte Carlo Simulation used various assumptions that included a risk free rate of return of 2.07%, expected volatility of 30.00% and a dividend yield of 0.33%.

For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized $1.3 million and $346 thousand in compensation expense for Market RSUs, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized $3.7 million and $577 thousand in compensation expense for Market RSUs, respectively.

All of the Company's Market RSUs had an effective grant date of May 24, 2016, November 30, 2016, January 31, 2017, May 8, 2017 and August 7, 2017

At September 30, 2017, unrecognized compensation costs relating to Market RSUs amounted to $17.9 million which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.27 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company adopted an Employee Stock Purchase Plan on October 8, 2014. On May 24, 2016, the plan was amended and the Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP") became effective within the meaning of Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Under the ESPP, eligible employees are able to purchase available shares with post-tax dollars as of the grant date. In order for employees to be eligible to participate in the ESPP they must be employed or on an authorized leave of absence from the Company or any subsidiary immediately prior to the grant date. ESPP stock purchases cannot exceed $25 thousand in fair market value per employee per calendar year. Options to purchase shares under the ESPP are granted at a 15% discount to fair market value. Expense recognized in relation to the ESPP for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $79 thousand. There were no ESPP purchases for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized $36 thousand and $0 expense, respectively.

Table of Contents

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 13. Subsequent Event

Management has evaluated subsequent events through the date the financial statements were available to be issued and determined that the following event required disclosure:

Unconsolidated Joint Venture

On October 1, 2017, the Company closed the digital banking joint venture between Live Oak Banking Company and First Data Corporation ("First Data"). The new company, named Apiture, combines First Data's and the Bank's digital banking platforms, products, services, and certain human resources used in the creation and delivery of technology solutions for financial institutions. The contributed assets of both the Company and First Data are considered businesses in accordance with relevant accounting standards. At closing both the Bank and First Data received equal voting interests in Apiture in exchange for their respective contributions. As a term of the closing agreements, First Data is entitled to a preference in Apiture's cash earnings for the remainder of calender 2017 and all of 2018, not to exceed $18.0 million and $18.9 million, respectively.

As a result of this transaction, the Company and First Data each have, directly or indirectly, equal voting interests in Apiture. In addition, the Company has analyzed the Contribution Agreement and determined that Apiture is not a variable interest entity. The Company also considered the partners' participating rights under the Contribution Agreement and determined that the joint venture partners have the ability to participate in major decisions, which equates to shared decision making. Accordingly, the Bank has significant influence but does not control the joint venture. Therefore, the joint venture will be accounted for as an equity method investment effective on October 1, 2017 (the date of the transaction). Under the equity method of accounting, the net equity investment of the Bank and the Bank's share of net income or loss from the unconsolidated entity will be reflected in the Company's consolidated balance sheets and the consolidated statements of income.

The preliminary estimated fair value of Apiture at the date of closing was approximately $150 million. Based on the aforementioned cash earnings preference to First Data during 2017 and 2018, the valuation of equity interests received in exchange for contributions by the two initial investors was unequal. As a consequence of this preference the preliminary initial economic interest in Apiture for First Data was equal to 54.7% or $82.0 million, while the Company's preliminary initial economic interest in Apiture was equal to 45.3%, or $68.0 million. As the Company had no carrying amount for its contribution in the formation of Apiture, the preliminary pre-tax results for this transaction as of the date of closing would be a $68.0 million equity method investment on the balance sheet and a one-time gain of the same amount on the income statement.

The Company is undertaking a comprehensive review of the preliminary fair value estimates to ensure they conform to the measurement and reporting requirements set forth in the accounting guidance for equity method investments and joint ventures, business combinations, and fair value measurements guidance. Determining the fair value of the joint venture and the partners' contributions to the joint venture are complex analyses that involve significant judgment regarding estimates and assumptions. Accordingly, the initial accounting for this transaction is still in process.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following presents management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. (the “Company” or “LOB”). This discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 (the "2016 Annual Report"). Results of operations for the periods included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q are not necessarily indicative of results to be obtained during any future period.

Important Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains statements that management believes are forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements generally relate to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance or business. They usually can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as “believes,” “expects,” or “are expected to,” “plans,” “projects,” “goals,” “estimates,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “continues,” “intends to,” “outlook” or “anticipates,” or variations of these and similar words, or by discussions of strategies that involve risks and uncertainties. You should not place undue reliance on these statements, as they are subject to risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to, those described in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Table of Contents

When considering these forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind these risks and uncertainties, as well as any cautionary statements management may make. Moreover, you should treat these statements as speaking only as of the date they are made and based only on information actually known to the Company at the time. Management undertakes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Forward-looking statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about the Company’s business, management’s beliefs and assumptions made by management. These statements are not guarantees of the Company’s future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, which are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and assumptions include, without limitation:


•	deterioration in the financial condition of borrowers resulting in significant increases in the Company’s loan and lease losses and provisions for those losses and other adverse impacts to results of operations and financial condition;


•	changes in Small Business Administration ("SBA") rules, regulations and loan products, including specifically the Section 7(a) program, changes in SBA standard operating procedures or changes to the status of Live Oak Banking Company (the "Bank") as an SBA Preferred Lender;


•	changes in rules, regulations or procedures for other government loan programs, including those of the United States Department of Agriculture;


•	changes in interest rates that affect the level and composition of deposits, loan demand and the values of loan collateral, securities, and interest sensitive assets and liabilities;


•	the failure of assumptions underlying the establishment of reserves for possible loan and lease losses;


•	changes in loan underwriting, credit review or loss reserve policies associated with economic conditions, examination conclusions, or regulatory developments;


•	a reduction in or the termination of the Company’s ability to use the technology-based platform that is critical to the success of the Company’s business model, including a failure in or a breach of the Company’s operational or security systems or those of its third party service providers;

•

changes in financial market conditions, either internationally, nationally or locally in areas in which the Company conducts operations, including reductions in rates of business formation and growth, demand for the Company’s products and services, commercial and residential real estate development and prices, premiums paid in the secondary market for the sale of loans, and valuation of servicing rights;


•	changes in accounting principles, policies, and guidelines applicable to bank holding companies and banking;


•	fluctuations in markets for equity, fixed-income, commercial paper and other securities, which could affect availability, market liquidity levels, and pricing;

•

the effects of competition from other commercial banks, non-bank lenders, consumer finance companies, credit unions, securities brokerage firms, insurance companies, money market and mutual funds, and other financial institutions operating in the Company’s market area and elsewhere, including institutions operating regionally, nationally and internationally, together with such competitors offering banking products and services by mail, telephone and the Internet;


•	the Company's ability to attract and retain key personnel;


•	changes in governmental monetary and fiscal policies as well as other legislative and regulatory changes, including with respect to SBA lending programs and investment tax credits;


•	changes in political and economic conditions;


•	the impact of heightened regulatory scrutiny of financial products and services, primarily led by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau;


•	the Company's ability to comply with any requirements imposed on it by regulators, and the potential negative consequences that may result;


•	operational, compliance and other factors, including conditions in local areas in which the Company conducts business such as inclement weather or a reduction in the availability of services or products for which loan proceeds will be used, that could prevent or delay closing and funding loans before they can be sold in the secondary market;


•	the effect of any mergers, acquisitions or other transactions, to which the Company or the Bank may from time to time be a party, including management’s ability to successfully integrate any businesses acquired;

Table of Contents


•	other risk factors listed from time to time in reports that the Company files with the SEC, including in the Company’s 2016 Annual Report and the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017; and


•	the success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing.

Except as otherwise disclosed, forward-looking statements do not reflect: (i) the effect of any acquisitions, divestitures or similar transactions that have not been previously disclosed; (ii) any changes in laws, regulations or regulatory interpretations; or (iii) any change in current dividend or repurchase strategies, in each case after the date as of which such statements are made. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update any statement, to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Amounts in all tables in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations have been presented in thousands, except percentage, time period, stock option, share and per share data or where otherwise indicated.

Nature of Operations

LOB is a bank holding company headquartered in Wilmington, North Carolina incorporated under the laws of North Carolina in December 2008. The Company conducts business operations primarily through its commercial bank subsidiary, Live Oak Banking Company (the “Bank”). The Bank was incorporated in February 2008 as a North Carolina-chartered commercial bank. The Bank specializes in providing lending services to small businesses nationwide in targeted industries. The Bank identifies and grows within selected industry sectors, or verticals, by leveraging expertise within those industries. A significant portion of the loans originated by the Bank are guaranteed by the SBA under its 7(a) program. In 2010, the Bank formed Live Oak Number One, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary, to hold properties foreclosed on by the Bank.

Effective July 29, 2016, the Company elected to become a “financial holding company” within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act. A financial holding company, and the nonbank companies under its control, are permitted to engage in activities considered financial in nature or incidental to financial activities. For the Company to become and remain eligible for financial holding company status, it and the Bank must meet certain criteria, including capital, management and Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) requirements. The failure to meet such criteria could, depending on which requirements were not met, result in the Company facing restrictions on new financial activities or acquisitions or being required to discontinue existing activities that are not otherwise permissible for bank holding companies.

In addition to the Bank, the Company owns Live Oak Clean Energy Financing LLC, formed in November 2016, for the purpose of providing financing to entities for renewable energy applications; Live Oak Ventures, Inc., formed in August 2016, for the purpose of investing in businesses that align with the Company's strategic initiative to be a leader in financial technology; Live Oak Grove, LLC, opened in September 2015 for the purpose of providing Company employees and business visitors an on-site restaurant location; Government Loan Solutions, Inc. (“GLS”), a management and technology consulting firm that specializes in the settlement, accounting, and securitization processes for government guaranteed loans, including loans originated under the SBA 7(a) loan program and U.S. Department of Agriculture ("USDA")-guaranteed loans; and 504 Fund Advisors, LLC (“504FA”), which was formed to serve as the investment advisor to The 504 Fund, a closed-end mutual fund organized to invest in SBA section 504 loans.

On February 1, 2017, the Company completed its acquisition of Reltco Inc. and National Assurance Title, Inc. (collectively referred to as "Reltco" or "title insurance business"), two nationwide title agencies under common control based in Tampa, Florida.

The Company generates revenue primarily from the sale of SBA-guaranteed loans and USDA guaranteed Rural Energy for America Program ("REAP") and Business & Industry ("B&I") loans and interest income. Income from the sale of loans is comprised of loan servicing revenue and revaluation of related servicing assets and net gains on sales of loans. Offsetting these revenues are the cost of funding sources, provision for loan and lease losses, any costs related to foreclosed assets and other operating costs such as salaries and employee benefits, travel, professional services, advertising and marketing and tax expense.

On July 23, 2015 the Company closed on its initial public offering with a secondary offering completed in August of 2017.

Business Outlook

Below is a discussion of management’s current expectations regarding company performance over the near-term based on market conditions, the regulatory environment and business strategies as of the time the Company filed this Report. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in these forward-looking statements. See “Important Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this Report for more information on forward-looking statements.

Table of Contents

The Company expects to originate approximately $1.90 to 2.00 billion in loans and leases and maintain an effective tax rate of less than 10% for the full year of 2017, excluding the effect of the expected one-time gain arising from the recently announced joint venture with First Data.

Results of Operations

Performance Summary

Three months ended September 30, 2017 compared with three months ended September 30, 2016

For the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company reported net income of $12.9 million, or $0.33 per diluted share, as compared to $3.5 million, or $0.10 per diluted share, for the three months ended September 30, 2016. This increase in net income is primarily due to the following items:


•	Increased net interest income of $9.4 million, or 80.8%, predominately driven by significant growth in the loans and leases held for sale and held for investment portfolios combined with a much higher net interest margin;


•	Decreased provision for loan and lease losses of $1.4 million was driven largely by improvements in the performance of the loan portfolio;


•	Increased loan servicing revenue of $630 thousand, or 10.8%, as a result of continued growth in the servicing portfolio due to ongoing loan sales;


•	Revenues of $2.0 million from the title insurance company subsidiary acquired in the first quarter of 2017;


•	Increases in other noninterest income of $1.1 million, or 171.4%, related to the growth in the Company’s renewable energy leasing business and trust management services; and


•	Decreased income tax expense of $7.6 million, or 297.5%, due to the ongoing operation of the renewable energy leasing business yielding investment tax credits.

Partially offsetting the above factors that contributed to increased levels of net income was a $3.7 million decrease in the net gains on sales of loans, $1.6 million increase in salaries and employee benefits, $1.6 million in equipment expense and $1.5 million in other expenses. The increase in salaries and employee benefits and other expenses were influenced by the growth of the overall business, including the addition of the title insurance subsidiary in the first quarter of 2017, compared to the same period of 2016. Equipment expense increased principally due to higher levels of depreciation related to aircraft acquired in the first quarter of 2017 and solar panels purchased for the renewable energy leasing initiative.

Nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared with nine months ended September 30, 2016

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company reported net income of $28.8 million, or $0.78 per diluted share, as compared to $8.3 million, or $0.24 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. This increase in net income is primarily attributable to the following items:


•	Increased net interest income of $24.8 million, or 82.0%, predominately driven by significant growth in the loans and leases held for sale and held for investment portfolios combined with a significantly higher net interest margin;


•	Decreased provision for loan and lease losses of $3.2 million principally driven by the one-time transfer of $318.8 million in unguaranteed loans from held for sale to held for investment classification during the second quarter of 2016;


•	Increased loan servicing revenue of $2.9 million, or 18.2%, as a result of continued growth in the servicing portfolio due to ongoing loan sales;


•	Increased net gains on sales of loans of $2.5 million, or 4.7%, due to a higher year-to-date sale volume partially offset by a decrease in the average net gain per loan sold;


•	Revenues of $5.8 million from the title insurance company subsidiary acquired in the first quarter of 2017; and


•	Decreased income tax expense of $10.3 million, or 159.9%, due to the ongoing operation of the renewable energy leasing business yielding investment tax credits.

Partially offsetting the above factors that contributed to increased levels of net income was a $28.1 million increase in noninterest expense, largely comprised of the effects of continued investments to support growing levels of business and business diversification.

Net Interest Income and Margin

Table of Contents

Net interest income represents the difference between the income that the Company earns on interest-earning assets and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The Company’s net interest income depends upon the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the interest rates that the Company earns or pays on them. Net interest income is affected by changes in the amount and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as “volume changes.” It is also affected by changes in yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing deposits and other borrowed funds, referred to as “rate changes.” Without a branch network, the Bank generates deposits over the Internet and in the community in which it is headquartered. Due to the nature of a branchless bank and the relatively low overhead required for deposit gathering, the rates that the Bank offers are generally above the industry average.

Three months ended September 30, 2017 compared with three months ended September 30, 2016

For the three months ended September 30, 2017, net interest income increased $9.4 million, or 80.8%, to $21.0 million compared to $11.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. This increase was principally due to the significant growth in average interest earning assets and to a lesser extent higher yields on these assets which outpaced the growth and change in the cost of interest bearing liabilities. Average interest earning assets increased by $746.9 million, or 53.8%, to $2.13 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $1.39 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2016, while the yield on average interest earning assets rose sharply by seventy-nine basis points to 5.24%. The cost of funds on interest bearing liabilities for the three months ended September 30, 2017 increased twenty basis points to 1.43%, and the average balance of interest bearing liabilities increased by $717.1 million, or 56.6%, over the same period. As indicated in the rate/volume table below, the increase in interest bearing liabilities and corresponding cost of funds was outpaced by the positive effects of the increased volume of interest earning assets along with much higher yields, resulting in increased interest income of $12.6 million and increased interest expense of $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. For the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016, net interest margin increased sharply from 3.32% to 3.91% due to the aforementioned effects.

Nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared with nine months ended September 30, 2016

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, net interest income increased $24.8 million, or 82.0%, to $55.1 million compared to $30.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. This increase was also principally due to the significant growth in average interest earning assets and to a lesser extent higher yields on these assets outpacing the growth and change in the cost of interest bearing liabilities. Average interest earning assets increased by $702.0 million, or 58.4%, to $1.90 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $1.20 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, while the yield on average interest earning assets increased by sixty-four basis points to 5.12%. The cost of funds on interest bearing liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by eleven basis points to 1.34%, and the average balance of interest bearing liabilities increased by $688.0 million, or 63.13%, during the same period. As indicated in the rate/volume table below, the increase in interest bearing liabilities and corresponding cost of funds was outpaced by the positive effects of the increased volume of interest earning assets along with much higher yields, resulting in increased interest income of $32.6 million and increased interest expense of $7.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net interest margin increased sharply from 3.36% to 3.87% due to the aforementioned effects.

Table of Contents

Average Balances and Yields. The following table presents information regarding average balances for assets and liabilities, the total dollar amounts of interest income and dividends from average interest-earning assets, the total dollar amount of interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities, and the resulting average yields and costs. The yields and costs for the periods indicated are derived by dividing the income or expense by the average balances for assets or liabilities, respectively, for the periods presented and annualizing that result. Loan fees are included in interest income on loans.



	Three months ended September 30,
	2017							2016
	Average Balance			Interest		Average Yield/Rate		Average Balance			Interest		Average Yield/Rate
Interest earning assets:
Interest earning balances in other banks	$	292,066		$	870	1.18	%	$	231,238		$	264	0.45	%
Investment securities	73,312			325		1.76		69,869			337		1.91
Loans held for sale	653,342			9,922		6.03		358,867			4,996		5.52
Loans and leases held for investment ⁽¹⁾	1,116,209			17,055		6.06		728,041			9,965		5.43
Total interest earning assets	2,134,929			28,172		5.24		1,388,015			15,562		4.45
Less: allowance for loan and lease losses	(19,544		)					(12,188		)
Non-interest earning assets	242,014							146,159
Total assets	$	2,357,399						$	1,521,986

Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing checking	$	35,127		$	51	0.58	%	$	—		$	—	—	%
Savings	196,220			682		1.38		—			—		—
Money market accounts	453,985			1,303		1.14		471,447			866		0.73
Certificates of deposit	1,257,072			4,722		1.49		767,887			2,823		1.46
Total deposits	1,942,404			6,758		1.38		1,239,334			3,689		1.18
Other borrowings	42,219			389		3.66		28,172			242		3.41
Total interest bearing liabilities	1,984,623			7,147		1.43		1,267,506			3,931		1.23
Non-interest bearing deposits	43,652							20,742
Non-interest bearing liabilities	22,650							20,807
Shareholders' equity	306,474							212,914
Noncontrolling interest	—							17
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	2,357,399						$	1,521,986

Net interest income and interest rate spread				$	21,025	3.81	%				$	11,631	3.22	%

Net interest margin						3.91							3.32

Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities						107.57	%						109.51	%


(1)	Average loan and lease balances include non-accruing loans.

Table of Contents



	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017							2016
	Average Balance			Interest		Average Yield/Rate		Average Balance			Interest		Average Yield/Rate
Interest earning assets:
Interest earning balances in other banks	$	229,074		$	1,682	0.98	%	$	189,944		$	650	0.46	%
Investment securities	71,319			964		1.81		60,057			840		1.86
Loans held for sale	561,408			24,679		5.88		428,316			17,666		5.49
Loans and leases held for investment⁽¹⁾	1,041,265			45,611		5.86		522,757			21,202		5.40
Total interest earning assets	1,903,066			72,936		5.12		1,201,074			40,358		4.48
Less: allowance for loan and lease losses	(18,652		)					(9,463		)
Non-interest earning assets	206,653							143,876
Total assets	$	2,091,067						$	1,335,487

Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing checking	$	39,973		$	173	0.58	%	$	—		$	—	—	%
Savings	67,395			693		1.37		—			—		—
Money market accounts	469,505			3,365		0.96		423,923			2,384		0.75
Certificates of deposit	1,163,081			12,662		1.46		637,469			6,992		1.46
Total deposits	1,739,954			16,893		1.30		1,061,392			9,376		1.18
Other borrowings	37,736			985		3.49		28,345			725		3.41
Total interest bearing liabilities	1,777,690			17,878		1.34		1,089,737			10,101		1.23
Non-interest bearing deposits	35,073							19,314
Non-interest bearing liabilities	22,288							19,444
Shareholders’ equity	256,016							206,967
Noncontrolling interest	—							25
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	2,091,067						$	1,335,487

Net interest income and interest rate spread				$	55,058	3.78	%				$	30,257	3.25	%

Net interest margin						3.87							3.36

Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities						107.05	%						110.22	%


(1)	Average loan and lease balances include non-accruing loans.

Table of Contents

Rate/Volume Analysis. The following table sets forth the effects of changing rates and volumes on net interest income. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate). The total column represents the sum of the prior columns. For purposes of this table, increases or decreases attributable to changes in both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionally based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume.



	Three months ended September 30,									Nine months ended September 30,
	2017 vs. 2016									2017 vs. 2016
	Increase (Decrease) Due to									Increase (Decrease) Due to
	Rate			Volume			Total			Rate			Volume		Total
Interest income:
Interest earning balances in other banks	$	481		$	125		$	606		$	821		$	211	$	1,032
Investment securities	(28		)	16			(12		)	(31		)	155		124
Loans held for sale	640			4,286			4,926			1,343			5,670		7,013
Loans and leases held for investment	1,468			5,622			7,090			2,538			21,871		24,409
Total interest income	2,561			10,049			12,610			4,671			27,907		32,578
Interest expense:
Interest bearing checking	—			51			51			—			173		173
Savings	—			682			682			—			693		693
Money market accounts	478			(41		)	437			689			292		981
Certificates of deposit	81			1,818			1,899			(74		)	5,744		5,670
Other borrowings	22			125			147			26			234		260
Total interest expense	581			2,635			3,216			641			7,136		7,777
Net interest income	$	1,980		$	7,414		$	9,394		$	4,030		$	20,771	$	24,801

Provision for Loan and Lease Losses

The provision for loan and lease losses represents the amount necessary to be charged against the current period’s earnings to maintain the allowance for loan and lease losses at a level that is appropriate in relation to the estimated losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. A number of factors are considered in determining the required level of loan and lease loss reserves and the provision required to achieve the appropriate reserve level, including loan and lease growth, credit risk rating trends, nonperforming loan and lease levels, delinquencies, loan and lease portfolio concentrations and economic and market trends.

The provision for loan and lease losses for the third quarter of 2017 was $2.4 million compared to $3.8 million for the same period in 2016, a decrease of $1.4 million, or 36.3%, largely driven by lower levels of specific reserve requirements. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 the provision was $5.5 million compared to $8.7 million for the same period in 2016, a decrease of $3.2 million, or 36.9%. The decrease in the provision for loan and lease losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was principally driven by the one-time transfer in the second quarter of 2016 of $318.8 million in unguaranteed loans and leases from being classified as held for sale to held for investment. This reclassification resulted in a $4.0 million increase in the provision for loan and lease losses during the second quarter of 2016. Partially offsetting the effects of the 2016 loan reclassification were additional reserves recorded to accommodate robust loan and lease growth in 2017.

Loans and leases held for investment of $1.17 billion as of September 30, 2017 increased by $402.9 million, or 52.5%, compared to September 30, 2016. This growth was fueled by strong loan origination volume of $1.45 billion in the first three quarters of 2017.

Net charge-offs were $959 thousand, or 0.34% of average quarterly loans and leases held for investment on an annualized basis, for the three months ended September 30, 2017, compared to net charge-offs of $937 thousand, or 0.51%, for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Net charge-offs for the first nine months of 2017 and 2016 totaled $2.7 million and $929 thousand, respectively. Year-to-date net charge-offs as a percentage of year-to-date average loans held for investment were 0.26% and 0.18% at September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Net charge-offs are a key element of historical experience in the Company's estimation of the allowance for loan and lease losses.

In addition, at September 30, 2017, nonperforming loans and leases not guaranteed by the SBA totaled $3.3 million, which was 0.28% of the held-for-investment loan and lease portfolio compared to $3.4 million, or 0.44%, of loans and leases held for investment at September 30, 2016.

Table of Contents

Losses inherent in loan relationships are mitigated if a portion of the loan is guaranteed by the SBA or USDA. A typical SBA 7(a) loan carries a 75% guarantee while USDA guarantees range from 60% to 80% depending on loan size, which reduces the risk profile of these loans. The Company believes that its focus on compliance with regulations and guidance from the SBA and USDA are key factors to managing this risk.

Noninterest Income

Noninterest income is principally comprised of net gains from the sale of SBA and USDA-guaranteed loans along with loan servicing revenue and revaluation. Revenue from the sale of loans depends upon the volume, maturity structure and rates of underlying loans as well as the pricing and availability of funds in the secondary markets prevailing in the period between completed loan funding and closing of sale. In addition, the loan servicing revaluation is significantly impacted by changes in market rates and other underlying assumptions such as prepayment speeds and default rates. Other less common elements of noninterest income include nonrecurring gains and losses on investments.

The following table shows the components of noninterest income and the dollar and percentage changes for the periods presented.



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease)
	2017			2016			Amount			Percent
Noninterest income
Loan servicing revenue	$	6,490		$	5,860		$	630		10.75	%
Loan servicing asset revaluation	(3,691		)	(3,421		)	(270		)	7.89
Net gains on sales of loans	18,148			21,833			(3,685		)	(16.88	)
Gain on sale of securities available-for-sale	—			1			(1		)	(100.00	)
Construction supervision fee income	362			502			(140		)	(27.89	)
Title insurance income	1,968			—			1,968			100.00
Other noninterest income	1,783			657			1,126			171.39
Total noninterest income	$	25,060		$	25,432		$	(372	)	(1.46	)%



	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease)
	2017			2016			Amount			Percent
Noninterest income
Loan servicing revenue	$	18,587		$	15,725		$	2,862		18.20	%
Loan servicing asset revaluation	(6,864		)	(5,051		)	(1,813		)	35.89
Net gains on sales of loans	55,276			52,813			2,463			4.66
Gain on sale of investment securities available-for-sale	—			1			(1		)	(100.00	)
Construction supervision fee income	1,077			1,799			(722		)	(40.13	)
Title insurance income	5,803			—			5,803			100.00
Other noninterest income	3,601			1,925			1,676			87.06
Total noninterest income	$	77,480		$	67,212		$	10,268		15.28	%

For the three months ended September 30, 2017, noninterest income decreased by $372 thousand, or 1.5%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2016. The decline from the prior year is primarily the result of net gains on sales of loans decreasing $3.7 million to $18.1 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared to $21.8 million in the third quarter of 2016 as a function of reduced volume of guaranteed loans sales, which was partially offset by an improvement in the average net gain on sale of guaranteed loans. Partially offsetting the effects of lower gains on sales of loans were increased servicing revenue of $630 thousand, title insurance income of $2.0 million from the acquisition of a nationwide title insurance business on February 1, 2017 and increased other noninterest income of $1.1 million. The increase in other noninterest income was primarily comprised of $682 thousand of operating lease income from renewable energy assets and trust management income of $236 thousand.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, noninterest income increased by $10.3 million, or 15.3%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Increases in noninterest income were primarily the result of higher year-to-date levels in the serviced loan portfolio and the volume of loans sold in the secondary market which generated $2.9 million of increased servicing revenue and $2.5 million of increased net gains on sale of loans. Also driving increased levels of noninterest income was $5.8 million in title insurance revenue from the acquisition of a nationwide title insurance business in early 2017 and increased other

Table of Contents

noninterest income of $1.7 million. The increase in other noninterest income was primarily comprised of $691 thousand of operating lease income from renewable energy assets and trust management income of $845 thousand. Partly offsetting the overall increase in noninterest income was a higher negative loan servicing revaluation adjustment of $1.8 million.

The following table reflects loan and lease production, sales of guaranteed loans and the aggregate balance in guaranteed loans sold. These components are key drivers of the Company's noninterest income.



	Three months ended September 30,				Three months ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Amount of loans and leases originated	$	395,682	$	381,050	$	586,471	$	356,865
Guaranteed portions of loans sold	163,843		210,610		203,714		135,555
Outstanding balance of guaranteed loans sold ⁽¹⁾	2,584,163		2,102,468		2,521,506		1,970,908



	Nine months ended September 30,				For years ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2016		2015		2014		2013
Amount of loans and leases originated	$	1,450,816	$	1,022,445	$	1,537,010	$	1,158,640	$	848,090	$	498,752
Guaranteed portions of loans sold	576,272		501,808		761,933		640,886		433,912		339,342
Outstanding balance of guaranteed loans sold ⁽¹⁾	2,584,163		2,102,468		2,278,618		1,779,989		1,302,828		1,005,764


(1)	This represents the outstanding principal balance of guaranteed loans serviced, as of the last day of the applicable period, which have been sold into the secondary market.

Changes in various components of noninterest income are discussed in more detail below.

Loan Servicing Revenue: While portions of the loans that the Bank originates are sold and generate gain on sale revenue, servicing rights for all loans that the Bank originates, including loans sold, are retained by the Bank. In exchange for continuing to service loans that are sold, the Bank receives fee income represented in loan servicing revenue equivalent to one percent of the outstanding balance of SBA loans sold and 0.40% of the outstanding balance of USDA loans sold. In addition, the cost of servicing sold loans is approximately 0.40% of the balance of the loans sold, which is included in the loan servicing revaluation computations. Unrecognized servicing revenue is reflected in a servicing asset recorded on the balance sheet. Revenues associated with the servicing of loans are recognized over the expected life of the loan through the income statement, and the servicing asset is reduced as this revenue is recognized. For three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, loan servicing revenue increased $630 thousand, or 10.8%, and $2.9 million, or 18.2%, respectively, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, as a result of an increase in the average outstanding balance of guaranteed loans sold. At September 30, 2017, the outstanding balance of government guaranteed loans sold in the secondary market was $2.58 billion. At September 30, 2016, the outstanding balance of SBA guaranteed loans sold was $2.10 billion.

Loan Servicing Revaluation: The Company revalues its serviced loan portfolio at least quarterly. The revaluation considers the amortization of the portfolio, current market conditions for loan sale premiums, and current prepayment speeds. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, there was a net negative loan servicing revaluation adjustment of $3.7 million compared to a net negative revaluation adjustment of $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, there was a net negative loan servicing revaluation adjustment of $6.9 million compared to a net negative revaluation adjustment of $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The higher negative loan servicing revaluation amount for the third quarter of 2017 as compared to the third quarter of 2016 was driven by amortization of the serviced portfolio during that period partially offset by improvements in the secondary market. The higher year-to-date negative loan servicing revaluation amount as compared to the same period in 2016 was principally driven by amortization of the serviced portfolio combined with decreases in the secondary market for guaranteed portions of 7(a) loans.

Table of Contents

Net Gains on Sale of Loans: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, net gains on sales of loans decreased $3.7 million, or 16.9%, and increased $2.5 million, or 4.7%, respectively, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, the volume of guaranteed loans sold decreased $46.8 million, or 22.2%, to $163.8 million from $210.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016. This decline in guaranteed sale volume was principally the result of a decrease in the percentage of loans that were fully funded and thereby eligible for sale at closing arising largely from seasonality in our renewable energy vertical. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the volume of guaranteed loans sold increased $74.5 million, or 14.8%, to $576.3 million from $501.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The volume-driven increases in the year-to-date net gain on loan sale comparisons were partially offset by lower average premiums paid in the secondary market. The average net gain on sale of loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was $111 thousand and $97 thousand of revenue for each $1 million in loans sold, respectively, compared to $104 thousand and $105 thousand of revenue for each $1 million in loans sold for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. The lower average premiums recorded in 2017 were driven by increased USDA guaranteed loan sales which commonly receive lower premiums than SBA guaranteed loan sales.

Noninterest Expense

Noninterest expense comprises all operating costs of the Company, such as employee related costs, travel, professional services, advertising and marketing expenses, exclusive of interest and income tax expense.

The following table shows the components of noninterest expense and the related dollar and percentage changes for the periods presented.



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Increase (Decrease)
	2017		2016		Amount		Percent
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	$	19,037	$	17,471	$	1,566	8.96	%
Non-staff expenses:
Travel expense	2,289		2,218		71		3.20
Professional services expense	1,068		907		161		17.75
Advertising and marketing expense	1,516		1,097		419		38.20
Occupancy expense	1,473		1,058		415		39.22
Data processing expense	1,982		1,252		730		58.31
Equipment expense	2,228		611		1,617		264.65
Other loan origination and maintenance expense	1,601		806		795		98.64
FDIC insurance	858		210		648		308.57
Title insurance closing services expense	687		—		687		100.00
Other expense	3,117		1,588		1,529		96.28
Total non-staff expenses	16,819		9,747		7,072		72.56
Total noninterest expense	$	35,856	$	27,218	$	8,638	31.74	%

Table of Contents



	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Increase (Decrease)
	2017		2016		Amount			Percent
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	$	55,687	$	45,875	$	9,812		21.39	%
Non-staff expenses:
Travel expense	6,035		6,394		(359		)	(5.61	)
Professional services expense	4,228		2,345		1,883			80.30
Advertising and marketing expense	4,977		3,425		1,552			45.31
Occupancy expense	4,018		3,306		712			21.54
Data processing expense	5,536		3,864		1,672			43.27
Equipment expense	5,005		1,696		3,309			195.11
Other loan origination and maintenance expense	3,587		2,001		1,586			79.26
FDIC insurance	2,308		507		1,801			355.23
Title insurance closing services expense	1,877		—		1,877			100.00
Other expense	8,883		4,648		4,235			91.11
Total non-staff expenses	46,454		28,186		18,268			64.81
Total noninterest expense	$	102,141	$	74,061	$	28,080		37.91	%

Total noninterest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased $8.6 million, or 31.7%, and $28.1 million, or 37.9%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016. The increase in noninterest expense was predominately impacted by increased personnel, equipment expense and other expenses primarily driven by the significant growth of the Company's core business. Changes in various components of noninterest expense are discussed below.

Salaries and employee benefits: Total personnel expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 increased by $1.6 million, or 9.0%, and $9.8 million, or 21.4%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016. A significant driver for this increase was the acquisition of a nationwide title insurance business on February 1, 2017 with 54 full-time and 5 part-time employees. Also contributing to the growth in personnel expense was continued investment in human capital to support the growing loan and lease production from new and existing verticals. Total full-time equivalent employees increased from 400 at September 30, 2016 to 530 at September 30, 2017. Salaries and employee benefits expense included $2.0 million and $4.1 million of stock based compensation in the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $6.2 million and $7.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Expenses related to the employee stock purchase program, stock grants, stock option compensation and restricted stock expense are all considered stock based compensation.

Of the total stock based compensation, $286 thousand for the third quarter of 2017 and $1.0 million for the first nine months of 2017 included in salaries and employee benefits is related to restricted stock unit ("RSU") awards with a market price condition of $34 per share for key employee retention with an effective grant date of May 24, 2016. See Note 10 - Stock Plans in the Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2016, for more information.

Professional services expense: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, total professional services expense increased $161 thousand, or 17.8%, and $1.9 million, or 80.3%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016. The primary drivers of the year over year increase were advisory, consulting, and due diligence expenses related to the February 2017 acquisition of a title insurance business.

Advertising and marketing expense: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, total advertising and marketing expense increased $419 thousand, or 38.2%, and $1.6 million, or 45.3%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016. The primary driver of the increase in advertising and marketing expense was the cost of growing brand recognition in new and existing verticals and launching a new deposit platform.

Data processing expense: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, total data processing expense increased $730 thousand, or 58.3%, and $1.7 million, or 43.3%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016. The primary driver of the increase in data processing expense was the growth in our loan and deposit portfolios and the development of a new deposit platform.

Equipment expense: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the total costs associated with equipment increased $1.6 million, or 264.6%, and $3.3 million, or 195.1%, respectively, compared to the same period in 2016. A major factor behind

Table of Contents

this increase was the higher level of depreciation related to the first quarter addition of two new aircraft combined with useful lives being shortened for existing aircraft as well as for solar panels acquired to meet leasing commitments.

FDIC insurance: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, total Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance expense increased $648 thousand, or 308.6%, and $1.8 million, or 355.2%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016. This increase was the result of revised premium requirements of all FDIC-insured financial institutions in the latter part of 2016 along with significantly higher deposit levels.

Title insurance closing services expense: With the first quarter 2017 acquisition of a nationwide title insurance company, this is a new expense category. This category reflects the cost of closing services such as notary and abstracting in the delivery of title insurance agency products. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, total title insurance closing services expense was $687 thousand and $1.9 million, respectively.

Other expense: For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the total costs associated with other expenses increased $1.5 million, or 96.3%, and $4.2 million, or 91.1%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016. The quarter-over-quarter increase in other expenses was predominately comprised of costs associated with support expenses and infrastructure driven by business growth and an increase in charitable contributions. The year-over-year increase in other expense was comprised predominately of charitable initiatives, costs associated with the newly acquired title company, and a first quarter 2017 loss incurred upon the trade-in of an existing aircraft.

Income Tax Expense

The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 were (64.8)% and (15.5)%, respectively, compared to the effective rates of 42.4% and 43.7% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The negative effective rates of (64.8)% and (15.5)% for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 principally reflected an increase in anticipated investment in renewable energy assets generating investment tax credits. As the lessor of these assets, the Company is accomplishing broader strategic initiatives in the renewable energy sector. The year to date tax rate also benefited from the first quarter adoption of a new accounting pronouncement related to the treatment of share based compensation issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board that was effective January 1, 2017; "Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting," also referred to as ASU 2016-09.

Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition

September 30, 2017 vs. December 31, 2016

Total assets at September 30, 2017 were $2.43 billion, an increase of $676.9 million, or 38.6%, compared to total assets of $1.76 billion at December 31, 2016. The growth in total assets was principally driven by the following:


•	Increased cash and due from banks due to the successful secondary offering completed in August of 2017 of $113.1 million and growth from deposit gathering campaigns generating $527.8 million in new deposits;


•	Growth in loan and lease originations combined with longer retention times of loans held for sale, comprised largely of loans intentionally held for longer periods and those in newer verticals which require a period of loan advances to become fully funded prior to being sold;


•	Growth in premises and equipment related primarily to construction of a new aircraft hangar, the addition of two new aircraft in replacement of two older ones and the addition of solar panels to meet leasing commitments;


•	Increased other assets largely related to:


◦	goodwill and intangibles generated by the first quarter acquisition of Reltco, and


◦	income taxes receivable arising from investment tax credits generated by investment in solar panels classified in premises and equipment in which the Company is the lessor.

Cash and cash equivalents were $260.9 million at September 30, 2017, an increase of $22.9 million, or 9.6%, compared to $238.0 million at December 31, 2016. This increase primarily reflected the results of a successful deposit gathering campaign combined with the net proceeds from the Company’s secondary capital raise in the third quarter.

Total investment securities increased $5.5 million during the first nine months of 2017, from $71.1 million at December 31, 2016, to $76.6 million at September 30, 2017, an increase of 7.8%. The portfolio is comprised of US government agency securities, residential mortgage-backed securities and a mutual fund.

Table of Contents

Loans held for sale increased $298.3 million, or 75.7%, during the first nine months of 2017, from $394.3 million at December 31, 2016, to $692.6 million at September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily the result of strong growth in loan origination activities throughout 2017 and the strategy to enhance interest income by increasing the retention time of guaranteed loans along with growth in certain loans that take time to fully fund.

Loans and leases held for investment increased $262.3 million, or 28.9%, during the first nine months of 2017, from $907.6 million at December 31, 2016, to $1.17 billion at September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily the result of robust loan and lease growth from origination activities during the first three quarters of 2017 combined with greater retention of loans on the consolidated balance sheet.

Premises and equipment, net increased $64.6 million, or 99.9%, during the first nine months of 2017. This increase was primarily driven by construction of a new aircraft hangar and the replacement of two older aircraft with two new ones better suited to service the Company's growing nationwide customer base and the addition of solar panels to meet leasing commitments.

Servicing assets increased $1.4 million, or 2.7%, during the first nine months of 2017, from $52.0 million at December 31, 2016, to $53.4 million at September 30, 2017. The increase in servicing assets is primarily the result of loan sales outpacing the amortization of the existing serviced portfolio.

Other assets increased $28.1 million, or 76.1%, during the first nine months of 2017, from $37.0 million at December 31, 2016 to $65.2 million at September 30, 2017. The increase in other assets was primarily driven by the recognition of $8.9 million in income taxes receivable arising from investment tax credits generated from the investment in solar panel leasing activities combined with the first quarter 2017 acquisition of the nationwide title insurance business. As a result of the title insurance acquisition, other assets includes goodwill and intangible assets of $7.3 million and $5.3 million, respectively.

Total deposits were $2.01 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $527.8 million, or 35.5%, from $1.49 billion at December 31, 2016. The increase in deposits was driven by a new deposit savings product and success of deposit gathering campaigns to support the growth in loan and lease originations.

Long term borrowings decreased $971 thousand, or 3.5%, during the first nine months of 2017, from $27.8 million at December 31, 2016 to $26.9 million at September 30, 2017. The decrease in long term borrowings was primarily the result of debt reduction following a successful capital raise in the third quarter.

Other liabilities increased $8.3 million, or 42.8%, during the first nine months of 2017, from $19.5 million at December 31, 2016 to $27.8 million at September 30, 2017. The increase in other liabilities was principally driven by a $4.7 million earn-out contingent liability related to the acquisition of the title insurance business and an increase in accrued expenses of $5.7 million in support of ongoing business growth. This was partially offset by a decrease in income taxes payable of $2.1 million.

Shareholders’ equity at September 30, 2017 was $364.6 million as compared to $222.8 million at December 31, 2016. The book value per share was $9.15 at September 30, 2017 compared to a book value per share of $6.51 at December 31, 2016. Average equity to average assets was 12.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 14.6% for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in shareholders’ equity was principally the result of the issuance of 5.2 million additional common shares with net proceeds of $113.1 million and net income to common shareholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 of $28.8 million combined with stock based compensation expense of $5.7 million and $565 thousand related to the issuance of stock in the title insurance company acquisition, partially offset by cash withheld in lieu of issuing restricted stock upon vesting of $4.8 million and $2.6 million in dividends.

Asset Quality

Management considers asset quality to be of primary importance. A formal loan review function, independent of loan origination, is used to identify and monitor problem loans. This function reports directly to the Audit & Risk Committee of the Board of Directors.

Nonperforming Assets

The Bank places loans on nonaccrual status when they become 90 days past due as to principal or interest payments, or prior to that if management has determined based upon current information available to them that the timely collection of principal or interest is not probable. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, any interest previously accrued as income but not actually collected is reversed and recorded as a reduction of loan interest and fee income. Typically, collections of interest and principal received on a nonaccrual loan are applied to the outstanding principal as determined at the time of collection of the loan.

Table of Contents

Troubled debt restructurings occur when, because of economic or legal reasons pertaining to the debtor’s financial difficulties, debtors are granted concessions that would not otherwise be considered. Such concessions would include, but are not limited to, the transfer of assets or the issuance of equity interests by the debtor to satisfy all or part of the debt, modification of the terms of debt or the substitution or addition of debtor(s).

Table of Contents

The following table provides information with respect to nonperforming assets and troubled debt restructurings at the dates indicated.



	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Nonperforming assets:
Total nonperforming loans (all on nonaccrual)	$	22,420		$	23,781
Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more	—			—
Foreclosed assets	2,231			1,648
Total troubled debt restructurings	8,527			9,856
Less nonaccrual troubled debt restructurings	(6,078		)	(7,688		)
Total performing troubled debt restructurings	2,449			2,168
Total nonperforming assets and troubled debt restructurings	$	27,100		$	27,597
Total nonperforming loans to total loans and leases held for investment	1.92		%	2.62		%
Total nonperforming loans to total assets	0.92		%	1.36		%
Total nonperforming assets and troubled debt restructurings to total assets	1.11		%	1.57		%



	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Nonperforming assets guaranteed by U.S. government:
Total nonperforming loans guaranteed by the SBA (all on nonaccrual)	$	19,121		$	18,997
Total accruing loans past due 90 days or more guaranteed by the SBA	—			—
Foreclosed assets guaranteed by the SBA	1,785			1,402
Total troubled debt restructurings guaranteed by the SBA	5,427			6,723
Less nonaccrual troubled debt restructurings guaranteed by the SBA	(5,340		)	(6,602		)
Total performing troubled debt restructurings guaranteed by SBA	87			121
Total nonperforming assets and troubled debt restructurings guaranteed by the SBA	$	20,993		$	20,520
Total nonperforming loans not guaranteed by the SBA to total held for investment loans and leases	0.28		%	0.53		%
Total nonperforming loans not guaranteed by the SBA to total assets	0.14		%	0.27		%
Total nonperforming assets and troubled debt restructurings not guaranteed by the SBA to total assets	0.25		%	0.40		%

Total nonperforming assets and troubled debt restructurings at September 30, 2017 were $27.1 million, which represented a $497 thousand, or 1.8%, decrease from December 31, 2016. Total nonperforming assets at September 30, 2017 were comprised of $22.4 million in nonaccrual loans and $2.2 million in foreclosed assets. Of the $27.1 million of nonperforming assets and troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs"), $21.0 million carried an SBA guarantee, leaving an unguaranteed exposure of $6.1 million in total nonperforming assets and TDRs at September 30, 2017. The unguaranteed exposure in total nonperforming assets and TDRs at December 31, 2016 was $7.1 million. Unguaranteed exposure relating to nonperforming assets and TDRs at September 30, 2017 decreased by $970 thousand, or 13.7%, compared to December 31, 2016.

As a percentage of the Bank’s total capital, nonperforming loans represented 10.2% at September 30, 2017, compared to nonperforming loans of 15.3% of the Bank’s total capital at December 31, 2016. Adjusting the ratio to include only the unguaranteed portion of nonperforming loans to reflect management’s belief that the greater magnitude of risk resides in this portion, the ratios at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were 1.5% and 3.1%, respectively.

Table of Contents

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, potential problem and impaired loans totaled $66.0 million and $64.1 million, respectively. Risk Grades 5 through 8 represent the spectrum of criticized and impaired loans. At September 30, 2017, the portion of criticized loans guaranteed by the SBA totaled $28.2 million resulting in unguaranteed exposure risk of $37.8 million, or 3.3% of total held for investment unguaranteed exposure. This compares to the December 31, 2016 portion of criticized loans guaranteed by the SBA which totaled $29.0 million resulting in unguaranteed exposure risk of $35.1 million, or 4.0% of total held for investment unguaranteed exposure. As of September 30, 2017 loans in Veterinary, Healthcare and Independent Pharmacies industry verticals comprise the largest portion of the total potential problem and impaired loans at 28.5%, 30.8% and 20.4%, respectively. As of December 31, 2016 loans in the Healthcare and Veterinary industries comprise the largest portion of the total potential problem and impaired loans at 30.8% and 32.9%, respectively. The Company believes that its underwriting and credit quality standards have improved as the business has matured.

The Bank does not classify loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls as impaired. The Bank considers an “insignificant period of time” from payment delays to be a period of 90 days or less. The Bank would consider a modification for a customer experiencing what is expected to be a short-term event that has temporarily impacted cash flow. This could be due, among other reasons, to illness, weather, impact from a one-time expense, slower than expected start-up, construction issues or other short-term issues. In all cases, credit will review the request to determine if the customer is stressed and how the event has impacted the ability of the customer to repay the loan long term. To date, the only types of short term modifications the Bank has given are payment deferral and interest only extensions. The Bank does not typically alter the rate or lengthen the amortization of the note due to insignificant payment delays. Short term modifications are not classified as TDRs, because they do not meet the definition set by the applicable accounting standards and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

During the third quarter of 2017, the Southern U.S. and Puerto Rico encountered three hurricanes while California suffered from wildfires. As a nationwide lender the Company has over approximately 350 borrowers in the affected areas. As a result of these unfortunate disasters, Live Oak has actively reached out to each of these borrowers to work with any that have been impacted. At this time, there have been a limited number of short-term payment deferrals provided to help borrowers in need with none deemed to meet the definition of a troubled debt restructuring and no impairments have been realized as a result of these events. We are continuing to work with borrowers impacted by these disasters.

Management endeavors to be proactive in its approach to identify and resolve special mention (Risk Grade 5) loans and is focused on working with the borrowers and guarantors of these loans to provide loan modifications when warranted. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Risk Grade 5 loans totaled $30.5 million and $32.1 million, respectively. The decrease in Risk Grade 5 loans from December 31, 2016 to September 30, 2017 was principally confined to three verticals; Veterinary ($3.2 million or 41.8% of decrease), Healthcare ($353 thousand or 4.5% of decrease), and Independent Pharmacy ($144 thousand or 1.7% of decrease). The decrease in these three verticals was offset by an increase in Risk Grade 5 loans from December 31, 2016 to September 30, 2017 in two verticals; Agriculture ($1.1 million or 95.0% of increase) and Investment Advisors ($464 thousand or 20.7% of decrease). The overall decrease in Risk Grade 5 loans from December 31, 2016 to September 30, 2017 was the result of routine credit monitoring in the ongoing risk grade management process. At September 30, 2017, approximately 99.9% of loans classified as Risk Grade 5 are performing with no current payments past due. While the level of nonperforming assets fluctuates in response to changing economic and market conditions, the relative size and composition of the loan portfolio, and management’s degree of success in resolving problem assets, management believes that a proactive approach to early identification and intervention is critical to successfully managing a small business loan portfolio.

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

The allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL”), a material estimate which could change significantly in the near-term in the event of rapidly deteriorating credit quality, is established through a provision for loan and lease losses charged to earnings to account for losses that are inherent in the loan and lease portfolio and estimated to occur, and is maintained at a level that management considers appropriate to absorb potential losses in the portfolio. Loan and lease losses are charged against the ALLL when management believes that the collectibility of the principal loan and lease balance is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ALLL when received.

Judgment in determining the adequacy of the ALLL is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available and as situations and information change.

The ALLL is evaluated on a quarterly basis by management and takes into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and volume of the loan and lease portfolio, overall portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans and leases and current economic conditions and trends that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay.

Estimated credit losses should meet the criteria for accrual of a loss contingency, i.e., a provision to the ALLL, set forth in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Methodology for determining the ALLL is generally based on GAAP, the Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and other regulatory and accounting

Table of Contents

pronouncements. The ALLL is determined by the sum of three separate components: (i) the impaired loan or lease component, which addresses specific reserves for impaired loans or leases; (ii) the general reserve component, which addresses reserves for pools of homogeneous loans and leases; and (iii) an unallocated reserve component (if any) based on management’s judgment and experience. The loan and lease pools and impaired loans and leases are mutually exclusive; any loan or lease that is impaired should be excluded from its homogeneous pool for purposes of that pool’s reserve calculation, regardless of the level of impairment.

During the second quarter of 2016, the Company implemented enhancements to the methodology for estimating the allowance for loan and lease losses, including refinements to the measurement of qualitative factors in the estimation process. Management believes these enhancements will improve the precision of the process for estimating the allowance.

The ALLL of $18.2 million at December 31, 2016 increased by $2.8 million, or 15.5%, to $21.0 million at September 30, 2017. The ALLL, as a percentage of loans and leases held for investment, amounted to 1.8% at September 30, 2017 and 2.0% at December 31, 2016. The declining level of the allowance for loan and lease losses in relation to total loans and leases held for investment was principally driven by improvements in industry-specific loss rates and lower levels of classified loans combined with the migration to Company-specific loss rates for maturing verticals which was partially offset by an increase in reserves due to loan and lease volume and the effect of higher net charge-offs, as addressed in the Provision for Loan and Lease Losses section of Results of Operations. General reserves as a percentage of non-impaired loans amounted to 1.56% at September 30, 2017 and 1.70% December 31, 2016. See the aforementioned Provision for Loan and Lease Losses section of this section for a discussion of the Company's charge-off experience.

Actual past due loans and leases have decreased since December 31, 2016 as management continues to work to improve asset quality. Management believes the ALLL of $21.0 million at September 30, 2017 is appropriate in light of the risk inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. Management’s judgments are based on numerous assumptions about current events that it believes to be reasonable, but which may or may not be valid. Thus, there can be no assurance that loan and lease losses in future periods will not exceed the current ALLL or that future increases in the ALLL will not be required. No assurance can be given that management’s ongoing evaluation of the loan and lease portfolio in light of changing economic conditions and other relevant circumstances will not require significant future additions to the ALLL, thus adversely affecting the Company’s operating results. Additional information on the ALLL is presented in Note 6 - Loans and Leases Held for Investment and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses of the Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.

Liquidity Management

Liquidity management refers to the ability to meet day-to-day cash flow requirements based primarily on activity in loan and deposit accounts of the Company’s customers. Liquidity is immediately available from four major sources: (a) cash on hand and on deposit at other banks; (b) the outstanding balance of federal funds sold; (c) the market value of unpledged investment securities; and (d) availability under lines of credit. At September 30, 2017, the total amount of these four items was $589.1 million, or 25.1% of total assets, an increase of $93.3 million from $495.8 million, or 28.2% of total assets, at December 31, 2016.

Loans and other assets are funded primarily by loan sales, wholesale deposits and core deposits. To date, an increasing retail deposit base and an increased amount of long-term brokered deposits have been adequate to meet loan obligations, while maintaining the desired level of immediate liquidity. Additionally, an investment securities portfolio is available for both immediate and secondary liquidity purposes.

At September 30, 2017, none of the investment securities portfolio was pledged to secure public deposits or pledged to retail repurchase agreements, while $100 thousand was pledged for trust activities in the State of Ohio and $2.5 million was pledged for uninsured trust assets, leaving $74.0 million available as lendable collateral. In addition, of the $260.9 million in cash on hand, $1.5 million was pledged for ACH processing at one of the correspondent depository banks.

Contractual Obligations

The following table presents the Company’s significant fixed and determinable contractual obligations by payment date as of September 30, 2017. The payment amounts represent those amounts contractually due to the recipient. The table excludes liabilities recorded where management cannot reasonably estimate the timing of any payments that may be required in connection with these liabilities.

Table of Contents



	Payments Due by Period
	Total		Less than One Year		One to Three Years		Three to Five Years		More Than Five Years
Contractual Obligations
Deposits without stated maturity	$	828,947	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Time deposits	1,183,944		860,718		209,019		114,207		—
Long term borrowings	26,872		844		5,472		20,556		—
Operating lease obligations¹	3,037		941		1,345		463		288
Total	$	2,042,800	$	862,503	$	215,836	$	135,226	$	288


1	The following obligations only include base rent and does not include any additional payments such as taxes, insurance, maintenance and repairs or common area maintenance.

Asset/Liability Management and Interest Rate Sensitivity

One of the primary objectives of asset/liability management is to maximize the net interest margin while minimizing the earnings risk associated with changes in interest rates. One method used to manage interest rate sensitivity is to measure, over various time periods, the interest rate sensitivity positions, or gaps. This method, however, addresses only the magnitude of timing differences and does not address earnings or market value. Therefore, management uses an earnings simulation model to prepare, on a regular basis, earnings projections based on a range of interest rate scenarios to more accurately measure interest rate risk.

The balance sheet is asset-sensitive with a total cumulative gap position of 5.92% at September 30, 2017. The cash on hand from the August 2017 capital raise and growth in savings deposits during the quarter has increased the asset-liability sensitivity of the Company in the current period. An asset-sensitive position means that net interest income will generally move in the same direction as interest rates. For instance, if interest rates increase, net interest income can be expected to increase, and if interest rates decrease, net interest income can be expected to decrease. The Company attempts to mitigate interest rate risk with the majority of assets and liabilities being short-term, adjustable rate instruments. The quarterly revaluation adjustment to the servicing asset, however, adjusts in an opposite direction to interest rate changes. Asset/liability sensitivity is primarily derived from the prime-based loans that adjust as the prime interest rate changes and the longer duration of indeterminate term deposits.

Capital

The maintenance of appropriate levels of capital is a management priority and is monitored on a regular basis. The Company’s principal goals related to the maintenance of capital are to provide adequate capital to support the Company’s risk profile consistent with the risk appetite approved by the Board of Directors; provide financial flexibility to support future growth and client needs; comply with relevant laws, regulations, and supervisory guidance; achieve optimal credit ratings for the Company and its subsidiaries; and provide a competitive return to shareholders. Management regularly monitors the capital position of the Company on both a consolidated and bank level basis. In this regard, management’s goal is to maintain capital at levels that are in excess of the regulatory “well capitalized” levels. Risk-based capital ratios, which include Tier 1 Capital, Total Capital and Common Equity Tier 1 Capital, are calculated based on regulatory guidance related to the measurement of capital and risk-weighted assets.

The Basel III Capital Rules, a comprehensive capital framework for U.S. banking organizations, became effective for the Company and Bank on January 1, 2015 (subject to a phase-in period for certain provisions). Quantitative measures established by the Basel III Capital Rules to ensure capital adequacy require the maintenance of minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of Common Equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Total capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined), and of Tier 1 capital to adjusted quarterly average assets (as defined).

When fully phased in on January 1, 2019, the Basel III Capital Rules will require the Company and Bank to maintain (i) a minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% "capital conservation buffer" (which is added to the 4.5% Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 7.0% upon full implementation), (ii) a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 6.0% Tier 1 capital ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5% upon full implementation), (iii) a minimum ratio of Total capital (that is, Tier 1 plus Tier 2) to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 8.0% total capital ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum total capital ratio of 10.5% upon full implementation) and (iv) a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%, calculated as the ratio of Tier 1 capital to average quarterly assets.

The implementation of the capital conservation buffer began on January 1, 2016 at the 0.625% level and will be phased in over a three-year period (increasing by that amount on each subsequent January 1, until it reaches 2.5% on January 1, 2019). Banking institutions with a ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets below the effective minimum (4.5% plus the capital conservation buffer) will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.

Table of Contents

Capital amounts and ratios as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, are presented in the table below.



	Actual				Minimum Capital Requirement				Minimum To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions ⁽¹⁾
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Consolidated - September 30, 2017
Common Equity Tier 1 (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	323,780	17.72	%	$	82,232	4.50	%	N/A		N/A
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	344,807	18.87	%	$	146,191	8.00	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	323,780	17.72	%	$	109,643	6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)	$	323,780	13.95	%	$	92,863	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Bank - September 30, 2017
Common Equity Tier 1 (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	198,353	11.26	%	$	79,287	4.50	%	$	114,525	6.50	%
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	219,651	12.47	%	$	140,954	8.00	%	$	176,193	10.00	%
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	198,353	11.26	%	$	105,716	6.00	%	$	140,954	8.00	%
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)	$	198,353	8.78	%	$	90,382	4.00	%	$	112,978	5.00	%
Consolidated - December 31, 2016
Common Equity Tier 1 (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	206,670	15.31	%	$	60,732	4.50	%	N/A		N/A
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	223,559	16.56	%	$	107,968	8.00	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	206,670	15.31	%	$	80,976	6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)	$	206,670	12.00	%	$	68,919	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Bank - December 31, 2016
Common Equity Tier 1 (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	139,078	10.68	%	$	58,579	4.50	%	$	84,615	6.50	%
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	155,423	11.94	%	$	104,141	8.00	%	$	130,177	10.00	%
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)	$	139,078	10.68	%	$	78,106	6.00	%	$	104,141	8.00	%
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)	$	139,078	8.41	%	$	66,142	4.00	%	$	82,678	5.00	%


(1)	Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable at the bank holding company level.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The Company bases estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under current circumstances, results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. Estimates are evaluated on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Accounting policies, as described in detail in the Notes to the Company’s Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in this report, are an integral part of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. A thorough understanding of these accounting policies is essential when reviewing the Company’s reported results of operations and financial position. Management believes that the critical accounting policies and estimates listed below require the Company to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain.


•	Determination of the allowance for loan losses;


•	Valuation of servicing assets;


•	Valuation of foreclosed assets; and


•	Valuation of earn-out contingent liability.

Changes in these estimates, that are likely to occur from period to period, or the use of different estimates that the Company could have reasonably used in the current period, would have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Table of Contents

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Management considers interest rate risk the most significant market risk. Interest rate risk is the exposure to adverse changes in net interest income due to changes in interest rates. Consistency of net interest income is largely dependent upon the effective management of interest rate risk.

The Company’s Asset/Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”), which includes senior management representatives and reports to the Board of Directors, monitors and manages interest rate risk. See “Asset/Liability Management and Interest Rate Sensitivity” in Item 2 of this Form 10-Q for further discussion.

The objective of asset/liability management is the maximization of net interest income within the Company’s risk guidelines. This objective is accomplished through management of the balance sheet composition, maturities, liquidity, and interest rate risk exposures arising from changing economic conditions, interest rates and customer preferences.

To identify and manage its interest rate risk, the Company employs an earnings simulation model to analyze net interest income sensitivity to changing interest rates. The model is based on contractual cash flows and repricing characteristics and incorporates market-based assumptions regarding the effect of changing interest rates on the prepayment rates of certain assets and liabilities. The model also includes management projections for activity levels in each of the product lines offered by the Bank. Assumptions are inherently uncertain, and the measurement of net interest income or the impact of rate fluctuations on net interest income cannot be precisely predicted. Actual results may differ materially from simulated results due to timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and management strategies.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13(a)-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as of September 30, 2017, the last day of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2017 in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) accumulated and communicated to management (including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures, and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Table of Contents

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of operations, the Company is party to various legal proceedings. The Company is not involved in, nor has it terminated during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, any pending legal proceedings other than nonmaterial proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

See “Risk Factors” in Part 1, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, and "Risk Factors" in Part II, Item 1A of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017, for a detailed discussion of risk factors affecting the Company. There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in these filings.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Table of Contents

Item 6. Exhibits



Exhibit No.			Description of Exhibit

3.1			Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the registration statement on Form S-1, filed on June 19, 2015)
3.2			Amended Bylaws of Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the registration statement on Form S-1, filed on June 19, 2015)
4.1			Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the registration statement on Form S-1, filed on June 19, 2015)
4.2			Registration and Other Rights Agreement between Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. and Wellington purchasers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the registration statement on Form S-1, filed on June 19, 2015)
31.1			Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
31.2			Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
32			Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
101			Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended Septemeber 30, 2017 and 2016; and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements*

* Indicates a document being filed with this Form 10-Q.


**	Furnished herewith. This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



	Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.
	(Registrant)

Date: November 6, 2017	By:	/s/ S. Brett Caines
		S. Brett Caines
		Chief Financial Officer

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. - FORM 10-Q - November 6, 2017

Attached files

Live Oak Bancshares, Inc. Reports