Attached files

file filename
EX-32 - EX-32 - INVO Bioscience, Inc.ex32.htm
EX-31.2 - EX-31.2 - INVO Bioscience, Inc.ex31-2.htm
EX-31.1 - EX-31.1 - INVO Bioscience, Inc.ex31-1.htm


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 

 
FORM 10-Q
 

 
  QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016
 
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE

Commission file number 333-147330
 
INVO Bioscience, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada
 
20-4036208
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
407 Rear Mystic Avenue, Suite 34C, Medford, MA 02155
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

 (978) 878-9505
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes   No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes   No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
 
Non-accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes   No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
 
Shares of common stock, par value $.0001 per share: 140,596,646 shares outstanding as of November 14, 2016 and 141,284,808 shares outstanding as of August 31, 2017.


INVO BIOSCIENCE, INC.
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2016
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Item
 
Page Number
Part I
 
 
 
1.
3
 
3
 
 4
 
5
 
6
2.
13
3.
18
4.
18
 
18
 
18
 
 
 
Part II
 
 
 
1.
19
1A.
20
2.
20
3.
20
4.
20
5.
20
6.
20
 
21
 
 

PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.       Financial Statements (unaudited)
 
 INVO BIOSCIENCE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
Assets
 
 
 
September 30,
   
December 31,
 
 
 
2016
   
2015
 
Current Assets:
 
(unaudited)
       
   Cash
 
$
258,599
   
$
492,004
 
   Accounts receivable, net
   
9,692
     
1,346
 
   Inventory
   
85,465
     
65,420
 
   Prepaid expenses
   
8,625
     
-
 
   Total current assets
   
362,381
     
558,770
 
 
               
   Property and equipment, net
   
8,000
     
-
 
 
               
Other Assets:
               
   Capitalized patents, net
   
19,138
     
21,016
 
   Total other assets
   
19,138
     
21,016
 
 
               
   Total assets
 
$
389,519
   
$
579,786
 
 
               
Liabilities and Stockholders' Deficiency
 
 
               
Current Liabilities:
               
   Accounts payable and accrued liabilities including related parties
 
$
900,755
   
$
1,025,510
 
   Accrued compensation
   
3,477,390
     
3,090,390
 
   Note payable- related party
   
210,888
     
210,888
 
   Convertible notes
   
10,000
     
10,000
 
   Total current liabilities
   
4,599,033
     
4,336,788
 
 
               
   Notes payable - long term
   
131,722
     
-
 
 
               
   Total liabilities
   
4,730,755
     
4,336,788
 
 
               
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 12)
               
 
               
Stockholders' Deficiency:
               
Preferred Stock, $.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized;
No shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015
   
-
     
-
 
Common Stock, $.0001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 140,596,646 and
137,085,646 issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2016
and December 31, 2015
   
14,059
     
13,708
 
Additional paid-in capital
   
13,311,264
     
12,048,006
 
Accumulated deficit
   
(17,666,559
)
   
(15,818,716
)
   Total stockholders' deficiency
   
(4,341,236
)
   
(3,757,002
)
 
               
   Total liabilities and stockholders' deficiency
 
$
389,519
   
$
579,786
 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
 

INVO BIOSCIENCE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited)
 
   
For the Three
   
For the Three
   
For the Nine
   
For the Nine
 
   
Months Ended
   
Months Ended
   
Months Ended
   
Months Ended
 
   
September 30,
   
September 30,
   
September 30,
   
September 30,
 
   
2016
   
2015
   
2016
   
2015
 
                         
                         
Product Revenue
 
$
17,831
   
$
2,513
   
$
41,384
   
$
11,689
 
Cost of Goods Sold
   
6,454
     
4,412
     
12,001
     
6,154
 
                                 
Gross Margin
   
11,377
     
(1,899
)
   
29,383
     
5,535
 
                                 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
   
218,749
     
116,865
     
1,869,502
     
363,582
 
      Total operating expenses
   
218,749
     
116,865
     
1,869,502
     
363,582
 
                                 
Loss from operations
   
(207,372
)
   
(118,764
)
   
(1,840,119
)
   
(358,047
)
                                 
Other (Income) Expenses:
                               
Loss on settlement of debt
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
4,332,155
 
                                 
Interest expense
   
3,450
     
4,431
     
7,724
     
24,919
 
 Total other ( income) expenses
   
3,450
     
4,431
     
7,724
     
4,357,074
 
                                 
 Income (Loss) before income taxes
   
(210,822
)
   
(123,195
)
   
(1,847,843
)
   
(4,715,121
)
                                 
Provisions for income taxes
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
                                 
Net Loss
 
$
(210,822
)
 
$
(123,195
)
 
$
(1,847,843
)
 
$
(4,715,121
)
                                 
Basic net loss per weighted average shares of common stock
 
$
(0.00
)
 
$
(0.00
)
 
$
(0.01
)
 
$
(0.04
)
                                 
Diluted net loss per weighted average shares of common stock
 
$
(0.00
)
 
$
(0.00
)
 
$
(0.01
)
 
$
(0.04
)
                                 
Basic weighted average number of shares of common stock
   
140,596,757
     
133,241,213
     
138,713,059
     
126,253,467
 
                                 
Diluted weighted average number of shares of common stock
   
140,596,757
     
133,241,213
     
138,713,059
     
126,253,467
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


 INVO BIOSCIENCE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)
 
 
 
For the nine
months ended
September 30, 2016
   
For the nine
months ended
September 30, 2015
 
 
           
Net loss
 
$
(1,847,843
)
 
$
(4,715,121
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
               
  Non-cash stock compensation issued for services
   
1,263,608
     
-
 
  Loss on settlement of debt
   
-
     
4,332,155
 
  Depreciation and amortization
   
1,878
     
4,225
 
 
               
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
 Accounts receivable
   
(8,346
)
   
(1,025
)
  Inventories
   
(20,045
)
   
1,604
 
  Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
(8,625
)
   
-
 
  Accounts payable and accrued expenses
   
6,968
     
37,497
 
  Accrued compensation
   
387,000
     
291,600
 
 
               
Net cash used in operating activities
   
(225,405
)
   
(49,065
)
                 
                 
Cash flows from investing activities:
               
   Payments for property and equipment
   
(8,000
)
   
-
 
Net cash used in investing activities
   
(8,000
)
   
-
 
 
               
Cash flows from financing activities:
               
   Proceeds from the sale of common stock
   
-
     
145,000
 
Net cash provided by financing activities
   
-
     
145,000
 
                 
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
 
$
(233,405
)
 
$
95,935
 
 
               
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
 
$
492,004
   
$
18,626
 
 
               
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
 
$
258,599
   
$
114,561
 
 
               
Supplemental disclosure:
               
  Cash paid for interest
 
$
-
   
$
-
 
  Cash paid for taxes
 
$
-
   
$
-
 
 
               
Restricted Common stock issued upon note payable and interest conversion
 
$
-
     
4,824,896
 
Note payable issued for accounts payable
 
$
131,722
         
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. 


INVO BIOSCIENCE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2016
(unaudited)
 
Note 1 – Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2016, the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, changes in stockholders’ deficiency for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 INVO Bioscience, Inc. (the “Company”), and the related information contained in these notes have been prepared by management and are unaudited. Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications did not affect previously reported net loss or stockholders’ deficiency. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include normal recurring and nonrecurring items) necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles for the periods presented have been made. Interim operating results are not necessarily indicative of operating results for a full year.

The preparation of our unaudited consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the Company's annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's December 31, 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K previously filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The Company considers events or transactions that have occurred after the unaudited consolidated balance sheet date of September 30, 2016, but prior to the filing of the unaudited consolidated financial statements with the SEC on this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, to provide additional evidence relative to certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure, as applicable. Subsequent events have been evaluated through the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with the SEC.

Note 2 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In May 2016, FASB issued accounting standards update ASU-2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) – Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients. The amendments do not change the core revenue recognition principle in Topic 606. The amendments provide clarifying guidance in certain narrow areas and add some practical expedients. These amendments are effective at the same time Topic 606 is effective. Topic 606 is effective for public entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods therein (i.e., January 1, 2018, for a calendar year entity). The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-12 on the Company’s financial statements.
 
In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ASU 2014-15 “Presentation of Financial Statements Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) – Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern”. This update provides guidance about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern or to provide related footnote disclosures. The amendments require management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. The amendments contained in this update are effective for public and nonpublic entities for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-15, and we have not yet determined the effect of the standard on our ongoing financial reporting.
 
Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment: In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, which simplifies the test for goodwill impairment. This new guidance is effective for the Company beginning in fiscal year 2021. The Company is currently in the process of assessing the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.
 
There were various updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flow.


INVO BIOSCIENCE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2016
(unaudited)
 
Note 3 – Going Concern
 
As reflected in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended September 30, 2016, the Company is in its infancy with minimal revenues, had a net loss for the quarter of $210,822 for the three months ended September 30, 2016, had a net loss of $1,847,843 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and a cumulative net loss of $17,666,559, a working capital deficiency of $4,236,652, a stockholder deficiency of $4,341,236 and cash used in operations of $225,405 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.  This raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.  The unaudited consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.  The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company’s ability to raise additional capital and implement its business plan.
 
Note 4 – Inventory

As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company recorded the following inventory balances:

 
 
September 30,
2016
   
December 31,
2015
 
Work in Process
 
$
25,214
   
$
31,997
 
Finished Goods
   
60,251
     
33,423
 
Total Inventory
 
$
85,465
   
$
65,420
 
 
Note 5 – Property and Equipment

The estimated useful lives and accumulated depreciation for furniture, equipment and software are as follows as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015:
 
 
Estimated Useful Life
Molds
3 to 7 years
Computers and Software
3 to 5 years

 
 
September 30,
2016
   
December 31,
2015
 
Manufacturing Equipment- Molds
 
$
43,263
   
$
35,263
 
  Accumulated Depreciation
   
(35,263
)
   
(35,263
)
     
8,000
     
-
 
Network  / IT Equipment
   
7,595
     
7,595
 
Less: Accumulated Depreciation
   
(7,595
)
   
(7,595
)
 
 
$
8,000
   
$
-
 
 
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 the Company recorded $0 in depreciation expense during both periods. The Company received a new mold during the third quarter of 2016 but has not yet put it into production.
 
Note 6 – Patents

As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company recorded the following patent balances:

 
 
September 30,
2016
   
December 31,
2015
 
Total Patents
 
$
77,743
   
$
77,743
 
Accumulated Amortization
   
(58,605
)
   
(56,727
)
Patent costs, net
 
$
19,138
   
$
21,016
 
 
INVO BIOSCIENCE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2016
(unaudited)

During the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded $0 and $1,409 in amortization expenses, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded $1,878 and $2,817 respectively in amortization expenses.

Note 7 – Convertible Notes and Notes Payable
 
Convertible Notes

During 2009, the Company issued senior secured convertible notes (“Bridge Notes”) payable to investors in the aggregate amount of $545,000.  The Bridge Notes carry interest rates ranging between 10-12% and were due in full one year from the date of issuance and are past due.  Both the Bridge Notes and the accrued interest thereon are convertible into Restricted Common Stock of the Company at a conversion price of $0.10 per share (the “Original Conversion Price”).  If the Company were to issue any new shares of common stock within 24 months of the date of the Bridge Notes at a price below the Original Conversion Price, then the conversion price of the Bridge Notes would be adjusted to reflect the new lower price.  In addition to the Bridge Notes, the Company issued warrants to purchase 5,750,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at a price of $0.20 per share as of the date of this filing. All the warrants have expired.  The Company valued the conversion feature of the Bridge Notes and the warrants issued via the Black-Scholes valuation method.  The total fair value calculated for the conversion feature was $1,473,710; $151,826 was allocated to discount on the Bridge Notes, and $1,341,884 was charged to operations.   The total fair value calculated for the warrants was $1,719,666; $393,174 was allocated to discount on the Bridge Notes, and $1,326,492 was charged to operations. The aggregate discount on the Bridge Notes for the conversion feature and the warrants was $545,000, and the aggregate amount charged to operations was $2,668,371 which was recorded as a derivative liability on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.  
 
In November and December 2009, principal in the aggregate amount of $235,000 of the Bridge Notes was  converted into shares of Common Stock and the fair value of the derivative liability was recalculated and reduced to $108,000 with adjustments to revaluation expense of $486,000.  The remaining discount of $545,000 was amortized to interest expense over the original one-year term of the Bridge Notes using the effective interest method; as of September 30, 2010 the full amount has been amortized.
 
In July 2010, INVO Bioscience reached an agreement with one of the investors who had converted his bridge notes into shares to cancel those related 1,750,000 shares and the corresponding 1,750,000 warrants and apply the proceeds to the open subscription receivable balance he carried with the company.
 
In May 2015, the Company negotiated the conversion of certain of the Bridge Notes and accrued interest into shares of common stock.  The Company negotiated these conversions at a price lower than the conversion price stated in the original Bridge Note documents because the Bridge Notes were past due.  These conversions were treated as a restructure of debt on the Company’s financial statements for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015.  $300,000 of the Bridge Notes and accrued interest were converted into 12,470,900 shares of restricted common stock resulting in a loss on debt settlement in the amount of $4,332,155.

The principal balances of the Convertible Notes was $10,000 and $10,000 as of September 30, 2016 and 2015 respectively.  The related interest for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $252 and $252, respectively. The related interest for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 was $750 and $14,500, respectively.

Note 8 – Notes Payable and Other Related Party Transactions

On September 18, 2008, the Company entered into a related party transaction with Dr. Claude Ranoux.  Dr. Ranoux was then the President, Director and Chief Scientific Officer of the Company; as of the date of this filing he is a Director.  Dr. Ranoux had loaned funds to the Company to sustain its operations since January 5, 2007 (inception).  Dr. Ranoux’s total original cumulative investment as of December 31, 2008 was $96,462, as of December 31, 2015 it is $21,888 (“the Principal Amount”) in INVO Bioscience.  On March 26, 2009, the Company and Dr. Ranoux agreed to re-write the agreement to a non-convertible note payable bearing interest at 5% per annum, the term of the note had been extended, and has been extended a couple of additional times, the current repayment date is October 31, 2018.  The Company and Dr. Ranoux can jointly decide to repay the loan earlier without prepayment penalties.  During the twelve months ended December 31, 2015, $20,000 respectively were repaid on the principal of the loan.


INVO BIOSCIENCE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2016
(unaudited)
 
On March 5, 2009, the Company entered into a related party transaction with Kathleen Karloff, the Chief Executive Officer and a Director of the Company.  Ms. Karloff provided a short-term loan in the amount of $75,000 bearing interest at 5% per annum to the Company to fund operations.  In May 2009, Ms. Karloff loaned to the Company an additional $13,000, making her total cumulative loan $88,000 as of December 31, 2011.  This note was due on September 15, 2009, which has since been extended a few times to its current date of October 31, 2018.   During the twelve months ended December 31, 2014, Ms. Karloff loaned the Company an additional $66,000 at an interest rate of 0% by entering into a note payable agreement in satisfaction of expenses incurred by her for amounts previously advanced to the Company. This note currently has the same expiration date as the others which is October 31, 2018.
 
On December 28, 2009 James Bowdring, the brother of Director Robert Bowdring invested $100,000 acquiring 666,667 shares of restricted common stock.  In April 2011, the Company issued a new short term convertible note (“Q211 Note”) payable to James Bowdring in the amount of $50,000.  The Q211 Note carries a 10% interest rate and was due in full, two months from the date of issuance.  The note was past due and is partially still open, as of this date the balance is $25,000. The Q211 Note is convertible into Common Stock of the Company at a conversion price of $0.03 per share, subject to adjustments.  In addition to the Q211 Note, the Company issued warrants to purchase 1,666,667 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at a price of $0.03 per share, as of this date the warrants have expired.  The Company valued the Q211 Note’s warrants issued as consideration for the notes payable via the Black-Scholes valuation method.  The total fair value calculated for the conversion was approximately $39,500, and for the warrants was approximately $45,500 both of which were recorded as a derivative liability on the Company’s balance sheet.  In September 2011, the Company made a principal payment on the Q211 Note in the amount of $25,000.
 
In November 2011, the Company issued a new convertible note (“Q411 Note”) payable to James Bowdring in the amount of $10,000.  The Q411 Note carries a 10% interest rate and is due in full, two months from the date of issuance.  The Q411 Note is convertible into Common Stock of the Company at a conversion price of $0.01 per share, subject to adjustments.  In addition to the Q411 Note, the Company issued warrants to purchase 500,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at a price of $0.02 per share, as of this date the warrants have expired.  The Company valued the Bridge Note’s warrants issued as consideration for the notes payable via the Black-Scholes valuation method.  The total fair value calculated for the conversion option was $2,345, and for the warrants was $4,076 both of which were recorded as a derivative liability on the Company’s balance sheet. 
 
In Other Related Party Transactions, we have been renting our corporate office from Forty Four Realty Trust which is owned by James Bowdring, the brother of Director, Robert Bowdring since November 2012. It is a month to month rental arrangement for less than the going fair market real estate rental rate. We have been paying $4,800 annually since 2012. In addition the Company purchases stationary supplies and marketing items at discounted rates from Superior Printing & Promotions which is also owned by James Bowdring and is in the same building as our corporate office. INVO Bioscience spent $669 and $1,311with Superior Printing during both of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 respectively.

Principal balances of the Related Party loans were as follows:
 
 
 
September 30, 2016
   
December 31, 2015
 
Claude Ranoux Note
 
$
21,888
   
$
21,888
 
 
               
James Bowdring – Q211 Note
   
25,000
     
25,000
 
 
               
James Bowdring- Q411 Note
   
10,000
     
10,000
 
 
               
Kathleen Karloff Note
   
154,000
     
154,000
 
 
               
Total
 
$
210,888
   
$
210,888
 

Interest expense on the Related Party loans was $3,200 and $4,400 for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively and for the nine month periods of 2016 and 2015 the expense was $10,076 and $13,234 respectively.
 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities balances include expenses reports for Ms. Karloff, Dr. Ranoux and Mr. Bowdring for expenses they paid for personally related to travel or normal business expenses and interest owed on their notes to the Company are $121,400 and $142,000 as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 respectively.


INVO BIOSCIENCE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2016
(unaudited)
 
Note 9 – Stockholders’ Equity
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2016:
In May 2016, the Company issued 3,000,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $1,080,000 to officers for compensation.

In May 2016, the Company issued 511,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $183,608 to service providers for services performed.

Nine months ended September 30, 2015:
In February 2015, the Company sold 125,000 shares of common stock for cash of $25,000.

In May 2015, investors requested the conversion of principal of convertible notes (Bridge Notes) with the Company in the amount of $300,000 and accrued interest and 12,470,900 shares of Common Stock were issued.  The Company recorded a loss on settlement of debt in the amount of $4,322,155 with regard to this transaction.

In June 2015, the Company issued 750,000 shares of common stock for cash proceeds of $60,000 pursuant to the exercise of warrants by an investor.

In September 2015, the Company issued 1,000,000 shares of common stock for cash proceeds of $60,000 pursuant to the exercise of warrants by an investor.

Note 10 – Stock Options and Warrants
 
As of September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not have any options or warrants to acquire shares of Common Stock outstanding. 

Note 11 – Income Taxes

The Company has adopted ASC 740-10, which requires the recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns.  Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.  
 
The Company’s total deferred tax liabilities, deferred tax assets and deferred tax asset valuation allowances at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are as follows:
 
 
 
September 30,
2016
   
December 31,
2015
 
Total deferred tax assets
 
$
7,066,000
   
$
6,327,000
 
Less valuation allowance
   
(7,066,000
)
   
(6,327,000
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
   
-
     
-
 
Net deferred tax asset (liability)
 
$
-
   
$
-
 

Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on future earnings, if any, the timing and amount of which is uncertain.  Those amounts are therefore presented on the Company's balance sheets as a non-current asset.  Utilization of the net operating loss carry forwards may be subject to substantial annual limitations, which may result in the expiration of net operating loss carry forwards before utilization.


INVO BIOSCIENCE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2016
(unaudited)
 
Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies

A)
Operating Leases

In November 2012, INVO Bioscience entered into a below market, month to month rental agreement with Forty Four Realty Trust with for the space it requires.  Forty Four Realty Trust is owned by investor James Bowdring, the brother of Director Robert Bowdring.
 
B)
Litigation
 
INVO Bioscience, Inc., and two of its directors have been, since 2010, defending litigation brought by investors in an alleged predecessor of INVO Bioscience.  On March 24, 2010, INVO Bioscience, Inc. and its corporate affiliate, Bio X Cell, Inc., Claude Ranoux, and Kathleen Karloff were served an Amended Complaint, the original of which was filed on December 31, 2009 at the Suffolk Superior Court Business Litigation Session by two terminated employees of Medelle Corporation (also named as a co-defendant but no longer active), who are also attorneys, and a former investor in and creditor of Medelle.  These plaintiffs allege various claims of wrongdoing relating to the sale of assets of Medelle to Dr. Ranoux.  Plaintiffs claim that Dr. Ranoux, Ms. Karloff, and Medelle (and therefore INVO Bioscience as an alleged successor corporation) violated alleged duties owed to plaintiffs in connection with the sale.  Separate claims were also alleged against INVO Bioscience.

Dr. Ranoux, Ms. Karloff, and INVO Bioscience have challenged these allegations, which they believe are baseless.  The transfer of the assets of Medelle was professionally handled by an independent third party, after approval by the Medelle Board of Directors, representing a majority of its shareholders.  Medelle’s Board voted to proceed with an assignment for the benefit of creditors (AFBC) and gave complete authority to the President & CEO at that time (neither Dr. Ranoux nor Ms. Karloff) to work with the third-party assignee and to get the best possible price for those assets.  The third party was responsible for notifying all the appropriate parties and for filing notices in various professional publications and newspapers of Medelle’s intention to sell its assets.  The third party also contacted numerous large medical device and bio-pharma companies to learn if they would be interested in acquiring the assets.  After a private sale was deemed unlikely, the assignee of the assets elected to proceed with a sealed-bid auction of the assets.  On the day of the auction, Dr. Ranoux submitted the only bid and was awarded the assets, upon full payment. 
 
During 2010, Dr. Ranoux, Ms. Karloff, and INVO Bioscience filed Motions to Dismiss as to all claims, pursuant to M.R.Civ. P. 12(b)(6).  In a written Decision rendered on November 12, 2010, the judge dismissed all claims against INVO, Bio X Cell, and Ms. Karloff, and also dismissed the claims against Dr. Ranoux alleging civil conspiracy and breach of M.G.L. c. 93A.  The judge denied Dr. Ranoux’s motion to dismiss the remaining breach of fiduciary duty and fraud claims.  The plaintiffs allege in their Amended Complaint that Dr. Ranoux committed fraud by failing to inform them of the details of the Medelle auction. 
 
The claims against Dr. Ranoux that survived the November 2010 dismissal order were submitted to binding arbitration.  On February 15, 2013, the mutually-agreed arbitrator ruled in favor of Dr. Ranoux. The award held that Dr. Ranoux did not withhold information about the auction of Medelle’s assets and expressed doubt that the plaintiffs would have invested the resources necessary to make a beneficial use of the assets.  The arbitrator’s award then was confirmed by the Superior Court on August 21, 2013.  The Superior Court’s confirmation of the award was affirmed on appeal on October 20, 2013 by the Massachusetts Appeals Court.  The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court then denied further appellate review.  
 
On October 18, 2016, following motions and argument, the Superior Court issued a memorandum of decision and order denying plaintiffs’ motion for entry of default judgment and assessment of damages against Medelle and allowed the motion of INVO Bioscience, Bio X Cell, and Ms. Karloff for entry of final judgment of dismissal.  The foregoing order was converted to a final judgment dismissing all claims against all defendants and entered on the docket on October 27, 2016.

On November 28, 2016, plaintiffs filed an amended notice of appeal from the Superior Court’s decision of October 17, 2016 and the subsequent judgment entered on October 27, 2016.  The appeal further challenges the order of dismissal from November, 2010.  Plaintiffs did not appeal from the dismissal of the claims against Ms. Karloff, so the judgment in her favor is now final, leaving claims against INVO Bioscience, Bio X Cell, Medelle, and Dr. Ranoux.

INVO Bioscience and Bio X Cell intend a vigorous opposition to the current appeal, consistent with their previous positions that no breach of duty occurred in the sale of Medelle’s assets. It is assumed that Dr. Ranoux will oppose the appeal as well.


INVO BIOSCIENCE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2016
(unaudited)
 
Outside of the above-mentioned litigation, neither INVO Bioscience nor Bio X Cell, our wholly-owned subsidiary, either directly or indirectly, are involved in any lawsuit outside the ordinary course of business, the disposition of which would have a material effect upon either our results of operation, financial position, or cash flows.
 
Note 13 – Subsequent Events

On April 20, 2017 the Company filed its Annual Report on Form 10K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and on May 15, 2017 file it Current Report on Form 10Q for the three months ended March 31, 2017 any subsequent events are incorporated by reference in those two filings.   

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date the financial statements were released.



Item 2.       Management s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
Statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including without limitation this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, other than statements of historical information, are forward looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.  These forward-looking statements may sometimes be identified by such words as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate” and “continue” or similar words.  We believe that it is important to communicate our future expectations to investors.  However, these forward-looking statements involve many risks and uncertainties including those referred to herein and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.  Our actual results could differ materially from those indicated in such forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors.  We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to conform these statements to actual results.
 
Overview

INVO Bioscience’s mission is to increase access to care and expand fertility treatment and patient care across the globe. We have developed the INVOcell device and procedure, the first Intravaginal Culture (IVC) system granted FDA clearance in the United States, providing millions of infertile couples across the country access to this new infertility treatment. This novel device and procedure provides a more natural, safe, effective and economical fertility treatment compared to the current infertility treatment, in-vitro fertilization (“IVF”). The patented INVOcell device is used for the incubation of eggs and sperm during fertilization and early embryo development. Unlike conventional infertility treatments such as IVF where the eggs and sperm develop into embryos in a laboratory incubator, the INVOcell utilizes the women’s body (vaginal cavity) as an incubator to support a more natural fertilization and embryo development environment. This novel device promotes in vivo conception and early embryo development.
 
In extensive clinical studies, the INVO Procedure has proven to have equivalent pregnancy success rates as the traditional assisted reproductive technique IVF. Additionally, the psychological benefits of the potential mother’s participation in fertilization and early embryo development by vaginal incubation are incomparable to traditional IVF treatment. This new technique offers to patients a more natural and personalized way to achieve pregnancy and is simple enough to be performed in an appropriately trained physician’s office or in a satellite facility of an IVF center.
 
For many couples struggling with infertility, access to treatment is often not available. Financial challenges, limited availability of specialized medical care, religious, social and cultural roadblocks can prevent these hopeful couples from realizing their dream to have a baby. There are many benefits to the INVO Procedure, including:
 
• Reduces the risk of errors of wrong embryo transfers since the embryos are never separated from the woman.
• Promotes greater involvement by couples in the treatment and conception.
• Creates a more natural and environmentally stable incubation than traditional IVF incubation in a laboratory.
• Reduces the worry of leaving embryos in an incubator where mix-ups have been known to occur.

Since November 2, 2015 when INVO Bioscience was notified by the United States Food & Drug Administration that the INVOcell and INVO procedure were cleared for use, the company has begun to market and sell the INVOcell in several locations across the U.S. and plans on continuing to penetrate the market through 2017 and beyond. The Company currently has 8 appropriately trained physician’s offices or satellite facilities of an IVF center in the U.S. where patients can receive the INVO treatment for infertility.
 
As with most start-up situations, one of the biggest challenges that INVO Bioscience is facing is raising the appropriate capital to implement its business plan while opening markets across the globe.

We anticipate that we will experience significant quarterly fluctuations in our sales and revenues as a result of the Company’s efforts to expand the sales of the INVO technology across the United States and into new markets.  Operating results will depend upon the timing of the training of the physicians and their staffs’ on the INVO procedure as well as the time it takes the doctor’s to determine where it will fit with their other service offerings.  

During the three months ended September 30, 2016 the Company slowed down the marketing and training of its patented INVOcell Procedure in the United States after receiving clearance from the US FDA in November 2015.  Unfortunately our only training resource was unable to travel to physician’s office to train.  The Company realized it had to develop alternate solutions to be able to always have the ability to train interested doctors and their staff.  No onsite training was accomplished during the third quarter of 2016.

Additionally INVO Bioscience struggled internally during the three months that ended September 30, 2017.  Different opinions emerged during that time as to how the Company should move forward.  After reviewing the information it had, the majority of INVO Bioscience’s Board of Directors made some very difficult decisions and changes were made.  The majority of the board felt the decisions made were in the best interest of all shareholders and customers alike.


The Effortless IVF team in Canada, our approved INVO partner worked diligently during the past nine months to get their initial INVO only center going in Calgary and they began construction within the quarter. They also filled their kick-starter program called the Founder’s 100 offering a 50% discount for an INVO cycle for the first one hundred patients who signed up. We are truly happy for them as they continue to achieve one milestone after another and we are excited that they will soon have a new fertility option available in the Canadian market.

We have seen a significant slowdown in INVO procedures being performed by our partner doctors in South America as a result of the Zika virus. We are hoping for the sake of the people of South America strides are made quickly to curtail the virus to allow them to move on without fear this terrible disease.

We continue to control all spending and during the quarter reduced our requirements to approximately $75,000 per quarter to fund our operations.  This amount will increase upon proper funding as we expand our marketing, sales and training efforts; however, if we do not raise additional capital in the near future we will have to further curtail our spending.  Our cash needs are primarily attributable to funding marketing efforts to spread the word of the benefits of the INVO procedure initially across the United States. To develop a sales team and expand our training capabilities, satisfy existing obligations of patient key vendors and building an administrative infrastructure, including all the professional fees and expenses associated with being a public company. 

The exact amount of funds raised, if any, will determine how aggressively we can grow and what additional strategies we will be able to undertake. Our plans include in addition to the items just mentioned, we would like to introduce INVO to the insurance companies in the 15 states that allow insurance coverage for fertility services, continue regulatory approvals in other countries, then develop those markets as well as continue working on the next generation of INVO Bioscience products. No assurance can be given that we will be able to raise additional capital when needed.  If we are unable to raise additional capital, we could be required to reduce operations even more and possibly pursue exit strategies.   Currently we continue to utilize our restricted Common Stock to procure certain key services from strategic partners who are willing to do so.  This allows us to take some of the steps we need to keep moving the company forward.
 
Our registered independent certified public accountants have stated in their report dated March 17, 2017, filed with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K that the Company has a generated negative cash outflows from operating activities, experienced recurring net operating losses, and is dependent on securing additional equity and debt financing to support its business efforts.  These factors among others may raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles as recognized in the United States of America.  The preparation of these financial statements requires that we make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  Our estimates include those related to revenue recognition, the valuation of inventory, and valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, useful lives of intangible assets, warranty obligations and accruals.  We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances.  Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.  For a complete description of accounting policies, see Note 1 to our financial statements included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.  There were no significant changes in critical accounting estimates.

Results of Operations

Three months ended September 30, 2016, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2015

Net Sales and Revenues

Net sales and revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2016, were $17,831 compared to $2,513 for the same three month period in 2015.  This 600% increase was the result of FDA approval and soft launch of the INVOcell IVC process to reproductive endocrinologists and embryologists within the United States.  Additionally our distributor in India, Sanzyme Ltd placed orders to have INVOcells available as they continue to offer training in their country.

Gross Margin

The gross margin reported for the third quarter ended September 30, 2016 was 64% or $11,377 compared to (76%) or $(1,899) for the three months ended September30, 2015. The increase in gross margin was related primarily to increased sales to those physicians who were trained earlier in the year. In the three months ended September 30, 2015 we incurred additional manufacturing expenses what we did not have in the same period of 2016. INVO Bioscience believes it can still take steps to reduce some of its costs especially in the area of required accessories and is planning on doing so.


Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2016 were $218,749 as compared to $116,865for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The 87% increase in SG&A the third quarter of 2016 compared to the third quarter of 2015 is the result of increased accounting, audit, legal as we pull together all of the required information for filing our required SEC reports, the build out of our new website that we hope to have launched in the fourth quarter of 2016, and the addition of a person to the accrued payroll to assists with all of the required regulatory work and product shipments.

Interest Expense and Financing Fees

During the three-month period ended September 30, 2016 we incurred non-cash interest expense of $3,450 compared to the $4,431 for the same three month period of 2015 as we reduced the amounts outstanding on our convertible and related party notes during 2016.

Net Income (loss)

Net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2016 was $210,822 as compared to a net loss of $123,195 for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The primary reason for the negative change was the result of the increases in spending the Company took in this quarter ended September 30, 2016.

Nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015

Net Sales and Revenues

Net sales and revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, were $41,384 compared to $11,689 for the same nine month period in 2015.  The 284% increase was the result of FDA approval and soft launch of the INVOcell IVC process to reproductive endocrinologists and embryologists who have requested training and are beginning to order the INVOcell product and corresponding accessories along with our sales to Sanzyme in India.

Gross Margin

The gross margin reported for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was 71% or $29,383 compared to 47% or $5,535 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The 24% improvement in gross margin was related primarily to increased sales to those physicians who were trained earlier in the year. In the nine months ended September 30, 2015 we incurred additional manufacturing expenses what we did not have in 2016.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were $1,869,502 as compared to $363,582 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

The increase in SG&A during the nine months of 2016 compared to the nine months of 2015 is primarily the result of the non cash Board of Directors decision to issue restricted shares to the Board, employees, consultants and interns who were working without compensation for a total of $1,264,000 as well as an increase in accrued salaries for the addition of 1 person and increased training, audit, accounting and legal expenses.

Interest Expense and Financing Fees

During the nine month period ended September 30, 2016 we incurred a non-cash expense of $7,724 compared to the $24,919 for the same nine month period of 2015 as we reduced the amounts outstanding on our convertible and related party notes during 2016. In addition the Company recorded a $4,332,135 loss in the settlement of debt charge for the conversion of the 2009 bridge notes in May 2015 into restricted shares of common stock as the original conversion price was reduced because the notes were long overdue.

Net Income (loss)

Net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was $1,847,843 as compared to a net loss of $4,715,121 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The primary reason for the improvement was the result of the $4,332,135 loss in the settlement of debt charge the Company took in the quarter ended June 30, 2015 offset by the issuance of restricted shares to the Board, employees, consultants and interns who were working without compensation for a total of $1,264,000 as well as an increase in accrued salaries for the addition of one person along with increased accounting, legal audit and training expenses.


Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2016, we had $258,599 in cash and no cash equivalents.  

Net cash used by operating activities was $225,405 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to net cash used by operating activities of $49,065 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.  The increase in net cash used was due to an increase in accounts receivable due to the higher revenue, inventory to support the revenue and a decrease of accounts payable and accrued expenses using cash to pay vendors. During the nine months of 2016 INVO Bioscience increased is spending on legal, audit and training costs.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 the Company also invested $8,000 in starting to create a mold for its new low cost retention device.
 
Net cash of $145,000 cash was provided by the sale of common stock during the nine months of 2015.
 
Our registered independent certified public accountants have stated in their report dated March 17, 2017, filed with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K that the Company has a generated negative cash outflows from operating activities, experienced recurring net operating losses, and is dependent on securing additional equity and debt financing to support its business efforts.  These factors among others may raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
 
Our existing cash resources, cash flow from operations and short-term borrowings from management will not provide adequate resources for supporting operations during fiscal 2016 and into 2017.  We are actively seeking the funding we need to continue to execute our business plan. Although there can be no assurance that the additional source of funding will materialize to its full extent, management believes that it will be able to get the funding it needs to continue to grow the business on commercially acceptable terms.  However, if we do not raise additional capital in the near future we will have to further curtail our spending and downsize our operations.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies or critical accounting estimates since December 31, 2015. For further discussion of our accounting policies see the “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 as well as the notes to the financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The accounting policies that reflect our more significant estimates, judgments and assumptions and which we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results include the following:

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from sales of products is recognized at the time title and the risks and rewards of ownership pass. Revenue is recognized when the products are shipped per customers’ instructions, the contract has been executed, the contract or sales price is fixed or determinable, delivery of services or products has occurred and the Company’s ability to collect the contract price is considered reasonably assured.

Intangible Assets

The Company’s intangible assets consist of its INVOcell and INVO process patents The Company amortizes its intangible assets with definitive lives over their useful lives, which range up to 20 years, based on the time period the Company expects to receive the economic benefit from these assets. No impairment charge was recorded during the three and nine month period ended September 30, 2016 or 2015.

The Company continually assesses whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that may warrant revision of the estimated useful lives of its intangible and indefinite-lived assets or whether the remaining balances of those assets should be evaluated for possible impairment. There were no changes in the carrying value of intangible and indefinite-lived assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company’s long-lived assets are its patents which are subject to amortization. The Company evaluates long-lived assets for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset may have been impaired. In evaluating an asset for recoverability, the Company estimates the future cash flow expected to result from the use of the asset and eventual disposition. If the expected future undiscounted cash flow is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss, equal to the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset, is recognized.


The Company continually assesses whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that may warrant revision of the estimated useful lives of its intangible and indefinite-lived assets or whether the remaining balances of those assets should be evaluated for possible impairment. There were no changes in the carrying value of intangible and indefinite-lived assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable

The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjusts credit limits based upon payment history and the customer's current credit worthiness, as determined by our review of their current credit information. We continuously monitor collections and payments from our customers and maintain a provision for estimated credit losses based upon our historical experience and any specific customer collection issues that we have identified. While such credit losses have historically been minimal, within our expectations and the provisions established, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to experience the same credit loss rates that we have in the past. A significant change in the liquidity or financial position of any of our significant customers could have a material adverse effect on the collectability of our accounts receivable and our future operating results.

Income Taxes

As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income tax provision (benefit) in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves estimating our current income tax provision (benefit) together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheets. We regularly evaluate our ability to recover the reported amount of our deferred income taxes considering several factors, including our estimate of the likelihood of the Company generating sufficient taxable income in future years during the period over which temporary differences reverse.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
For information regarding recent accounting pronouncements and their effect on the Company, see “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in Note 2 of the Unaudited Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein

Forward Looking Statements

The statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q which are not historical facts, are forward‑looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections and the beliefs and assumptions of our management, including, without limitation, our expectations regarding results of operations, the commercialization of our technology, regulatory approvals, our development of new technologies, the adequacy of our ability to develop current financing sources to fund our operations, our growth initiatives, and the strength of our intellectual property portfolio. These forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as “plans”, “intends,” “may,” “could,” “expect,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “continue” or similar terms, though not all forward-looking statements contain such words. The actual results of the future events described in such forward‑looking statements could differ materially from those stated in such forward‑looking statements due to a number of important factors. These factors that could cause actual results to differ from those anticipated or predicted include, without limitation, our ability to develop and commercialize our products, including obtaining regulatory approvals, the size and growth of the potential markets for our products and our ability to serve those markets, the rate and degree of market acceptance of any of our products, general economic conditions, costs and availability of raw materials and management information systems, our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our products, competition, the loss of key management and technical personnel, our ability to obtain timely payment of our invoices from customers, litigation, the effect of governmental regulatory developments, the availability of financing sources, our ability to comply with our debt obligations, our ability to deleverage our balance sheet, and seasonality, as well as the uncertainties set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K, filed on March 17, 2017, including the risk factors contained in Item 1A, and from time to time in the Company's other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
 

Item 3.       Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks
 
Not Applicable
 
Item 4.       Controls and Procedures
 
Item 4a.     Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial (and principal accounting) Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2016, the end of the fiscal period covered by this Form 10-Q.  We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to be effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.   Based upon that evaluation and the identification of the material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 (described below) which has not been remediated as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report.
 
Because of the Company’s limited resources and limited number of employees, management concluded that, as of September 30, 2016, our internal control over financial reporting is not effective in providing reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
 
To mitigate the current limited resources and limited employees, we rely heavily on direct management oversight of transactions, along with the use of legal and accounting professionals. The Company is taking steps to create effective procedures and controls throughout the organization.  The Company is in the process of establishing procedures and segregating duties where it can.  It has implemented a new accounting system, has outsourced its accounts payable function, implemented an approval processes, created a number of policies, reporting processes, a standard customer contract and has introduced an employee manual.  We will continue to monitor our disclosure controls and procedures and will address areas of potential concern.  As we grow, we expect to increase our number of employees, which will enable us to implement adequate segregation of duties within the internal control framework.
 
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all errors and all fraud.  A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.  Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs.  Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.  These inherent limitations include, but are not limited to, the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake.  Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control.  The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.  Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.  Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
 
Item 4b.     Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
There were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 

PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.      Legal Proceedings
 
As outlined in the Annual Report filed in Form 10K on April 20, 2017, INVO Bioscience, Inc., and two of its directors have been, since 2010, defending litigation brought by investors in an alleged predecessor of INVO Bioscience.  On March 24, 2010, INVO Bioscience, Inc. and its corporate affiliate, Bio X Cell, Inc., Claude Ranoux, and Kathleen Karloff were served an Amended Complaint, the original of which was filed on December 31, 2009 at the Suffolk Superior Court Business Litigation Session by two terminated employees of Medelle Corporation (also named as a co-defendant but no longer active), who are also attorneys, and a former investor in and creditor of Medelle.  These plaintiffs allege various claims of wrongdoing relating to the sale of assets of Medelle to Dr. Ranoux.  Plaintiffs claim that Dr. Ranoux, Ms. Karloff, and Medelle (and therefore INVO Bioscience as an alleged successor corporation) violated alleged duties owed to plaintiffs in connection with the sale.  Separate claims were also alleged against INVO Bioscience.
 
Dr. Ranoux, Ms. Karloff, and INVO Bioscience have challenged these allegations, which they believe are baseless.  The transfer of the assets of Medelle was professionally handled by an independent third party, after approval by the Medelle Board of Directors, representing a majority of its shareholders.  Medelle’s Board voted to proceed with an assignment for the benefit of creditors (AFBC) and gave complete authority to the President & CEO at that time (neither Dr. Ranoux nor Ms. Karloff) to work with the third-party assignee and to get the best possible price for those assets.  The third party was responsible for notifying all the appropriate parties and for filing notices in various professional publications and newspapers of Medelle’s intention to sell its assets.  The third party also contacted numerous large medical device and bio-pharma companies to learn if they would be interested in acquiring the assets.  After a private sale was deemed unlikely, the assignee of the assets elected to proceed with a sealed-bid auction of the assets.  On the day of the auction, Dr. Ranoux submitted the only bid and was awarded the assets, upon full payment. 
 
During 2010, Dr. Ranoux, Ms. Karloff, and INVO Bioscience filed Motions to Dismiss as to all claims, pursuant to M.R.Civ. P. 12(b)(6).  In a written Decision rendered on November 12, 2010, the judge dismissed all claims against INVO, Bio X Cell, and Ms. Karloff, and also dismissed the claims against Dr. Ranoux alleging civil conspiracy and breach of M.G.L. c. 93A.  The judge denied Dr. Ranoux’s motion to dismiss the remaining breach of fiduciary duty and fraud claims.  The plaintiffs allege in their Amended Complaint that Dr. Ranoux committed fraud by failing to inform them of the details of the Medelle auction. 

The claims against Dr. Ranoux that survived the November 2010 dismissal order were submitted to binding arbitration.  On February 15, 2013, the mutually-agreed arbitrator ruled in favor of Dr. Ranoux. The award held that Dr. Ranoux did not withhold information about the auction of Medelle’s assets and expressed doubt that the plaintiffs would have invested the resources necessary to make a beneficial use of the assets.  The arbitrator’s award then was confirmed by the Superior Court on August 21, 2013.  The Superior Court’s confirmation of the award was affirmed on appeal on October 20, 2013 by the Massachusetts Appeals Court.  The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court then denied further appellate review.  
 
On October 18, 2016, following motions and argument, the Superior Court issued a memorandum of decision and order denying plaintiffs’ motion for entry of default judgment and assessment of damages against Medelle and allowed the motion of INVO Bioscience, Bio X Cell, and Ms. Karloff for entry of final judgment of dismissal.  The foregoing order was converted to a final judgment dismissing all claims against all defendants and entered on the docket on October 27, 2016.

On November 28, 2016, plaintiffs filed an amended notice of appeal from the Superior Court’s decision of October 17, 2016 and the subsequent judgment entered on October 27, 2016.  The appeal further challenges the order of dismissal from November, 2010.  Plaintiffs did not appeal from the dismissal of the claims against Ms. Karloff, so the judgment in her favor is now final, leaving claims against INVO Bioscience, Bio X Cell, Medelle, and Dr. Ranoux.

INVO Bioscience and Bio X Cell intend a vigorous opposition to the current appeal, consistent with their previous positions that no breach of duty occurred in the sale of Medelle’s assets. It is assumed that Dr. Ranoux will oppose the appeal as well.
 
Outside of the above-mentioned litigation, neither INVO Bioscience nor Bio X Cell, our wholly-owned subsidiary, either directly or indirectly, are involved in any lawsuit outside the ordinary course of business, the disposition of which would have a material effect upon either our results of operation, financial position, or cash flows.


Item 1A.   Risk Factors
 
You should carefully review and consider the information regarding certain factors that could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results set forth under “Item 1A.  Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 filed on March 17, 2017 with the SEC.  Other than the Company’s continued limited resources as its single largest risk. There have been no material changes from the factors disclosed in our 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K, although we may disclose changes to such factors or disclose additional factors from time to time in our future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Item 2.      Unregistered Issuance of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
In May 2016, the Company issued 3,000,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $1,080,000 to officers for compensation.

In May 2016, the Company issued 511,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $183,608 to service providers for services performed.
 
Item 3.      Defaults Upon Senior Securities
 
None.
 
Item 4.      Reserved
 
Item 5.      Other Information
 
None.
 
Item 6.      Exhibits
 
31.1
31.2
32
101
The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, and (iv) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on September 5, 2017.
 
 
INVO Bioscience, Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
Date:  September 5, 2017
By:
/s/Kathleen Karloff                     
 
 
 
Kathleen Karloff, Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 (Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
Date:  September 5, 2017
By:
/s/ Robert J. Bowdring           
 
 
 
Robert J. Bowdring, Treasurer and
 
 
 
Acting Chief Financial Officer
(Acting Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
 
 

 


 
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
31.1
31.2
32
101
The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, and (iv) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.



 
22