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EX-99.2 - EX-99.2 - BEACON ROOFING SUPPLY INCd430148dex992.htm
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Exhibit 99.1

 

LOGO

August 2, 2017

Beacon Roofing Supply Reports Third Quarter 2017 Results

 

    Record third quarter sales of $1.21 billion (5.3% growth year-over-year)

 

    Third quarter EPS of $0.73 ($0.84 Adjusted) vs. $0.68 ($0.77 Adjusted) in the prior year

 

    Net income improved to $44.7 million in third quarter 2017 from $41.1 in 2016

 

    Third quarter Adjusted EBITDA grew 9.5% to $120.0 million or 9.9% of sales

 

    Completed five acquisitions totaling 23 branches (including Lowry’s in Q3), and opened 4 greenfield locations this fiscal year

HERNDON, VA. — (BUSINESS WIRE) — Beacon Roofing Supply, Inc. (NASDAQ: BECN) announced results today for its third quarter ended June 30, 2017 and nine months ended June 30, 2017 of the fiscal year ending September 30, 2017 (“2017” or “Fiscal 2017”).

Paul Isabella, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, stated: “Record sales and EPS highlighted our solid third quarter results. Existing residential roofing sales produced a thirteenth consecutive quarter of year-to-year gains, exhibiting great consistency. Our complementary products business posted strong 6.3% existing market growth, reflecting the healthy residential market and our focus on expanding complementary product offerings across our entire footprint. Overall existing market sales growth was encouraging when viewed against the significant rain disruptions in the Eastern U.S., consecutive mild winters lessening demand across Northern markets, and the challenging comparison to last year’s Q3. Despite the demand pressures, gross margins improved meaningfully on a sequential basis and remained solid in the quarter, which is encouraging for Q4. We have been pleased to see our pricing show increased signs of stabilization, which is on target with our previous expectations. Our operating cost leverage highlights continued focus on tight expense control, even as we invest in key initiatives across the company. As I look ahead to Q4, I believe that Beacon is well positioned for a strong fourth quarter and delivery of another year of great performance and earnings for our shareholders.”

Third Quarter

Total sales increased 5.3% to a third quarter record of $1.21 billion in third quarter 2017, from $1.15 billion in 2016. Residential roofing product sales increased 8.3%, non-residential roofing product sales declined 4.7%, and complementary product sales increased 15.7% over the prior year. Existing markets same day sales, excluding acquisitions, increased 2.2% for the quarter. The third quarter 2017 had an identical number of business days as the year ago period (64 vs. 64 days).

Net income for the third quarter was $44.7 million, compared to $41.1 million in 2016. Third quarter EPS was $0.73, compared to $0.68 in 2016. Adjusted Net Income, after removing the impact of certain non-recurring costs related to acquisitions, was $51.4 million in the third quarter 2017, compared to $46.6 million in 2016. Third quarter Adjusted EPS was $0.84 (see included financial tables for a reconciliation of “Adjusted”), compared to $0.77 in 2016. Third quarter results were positively impacted by sustained strength in residential roofing, strong complementary products demand and attractive operating cost leverage. Operating performance was negatively impacted by a sales decline in non-residential roofing.

Nine Months

Total sales increased 4.5% to a nine-month record of $3.09 billion in 2017, from $2.95 billion in 2016. Residential roofing product sales increased 8.2%, non-residential roofing product sales decreased 8.1%, and complementary product sales increased 20.4% over the prior year. Existing market same day sales, excluding acquisitions, increased 1.3% year to date. The nine months of Fiscal 2017 and 2016 had 189 and 190 business days, respectively.


Net income for the nine months was $55.7 million, compared to $42.5 million in 2016. The nine-month EPS was $0.91, compared to $0.71 in 2016. Adjusted Net Income, after removing certain non-recurring costs related to acquisitions, was $75.8 million year to date, compared to $72.9 million in 2016. The nine-month Adjusted EPS was $1.24 (see included financial tables for a reconciliation of “Adjusted”) compared to $1.21 in 2016. The net income for the nine months was positively impacted by existing market growth in residential roofing and complementary products, and operating margin expansion. Results were negatively impacted by a sales decrease in non-residential roofing.

The Company will host a webcast and conference call today at 5:00 p.m. ET to discuss these results. The webcast link and call-in details are as follows:

 

What:

  

Beacon Roofing Supply Third Quarter 2017 Earnings Results Webcast and Conference Call

When:

  

Wednesday, August 2, 2017

Time:

  

5:00 p.m. ET

Webcast:

  

http://ir.beaconroofingsupply.com/events.cfm (live and replay)

Live Call:

  

720-634-9063, Conf. ID #59356720

To assure timely access, conference call participants should dial in prior to the 5:00 p.m. start time.

Forward-Looking Statements:

This release contains information about management’s view of the Company’s future expectations, plans and prospects that constitute forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of the Company’s latest Form 10-K. In addition, the forward-looking statements included in this press release represent the Company’s views as of the date of this press release and these views could change. However, while the Company may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point, the Company specifically disclaims any obligation to do so, other than as required by federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing the Company’s views as of any date subsequent to the date of this press release.

About Beacon Roofing Supply

Founded in 1928, Beacon Roofing Supply, Inc. is the largest publicly traded distributor of residential and commercial roofing materials and complementary building products, operating 385 branches throughout 48 states in the U.S. and 6 provinces in Canada. To learn more about Beacon and its family of regional brands, please visit www.becn.com.

BECN-F

Beacon Roofing Supply, Inc.

Joseph Nowicki, Executive VP & CFO

571-323-3940

JNowicki@becn.com


BEACON ROOFING SUPPLY, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

     Three Months Ended June 30,      Nine Months Ended June 30,  
     20171      % of
Net Sales
     20162      % of
Net Sales
     20171      % of
Net Sales
     20162      % of
Net Sales
 

Net sales

     $     1,213,894              100.0%         $     1,152,726              100.0%         $     3,086,802              100.0%         $     2,952,743              100.0%   

Cost of products sold

     916,140          75.5%         870,651          75.5%         2,333,504          75.6%         2,241,716          75.9%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Gross profit

     297,754          24.5%         282,075          24.5%         753,298          24.4%         711,027          24.1%   

Operating expense

     212,883          17.5%         203,696          17.7%         624,526          20.2%         601,921          20.4%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income from operations

     84,871          7.0%         78,379          6.8%         128,772          4.2%         109,106          3.7%   

Interest expense, financing costs, and other

     13,397          1.1%         12,226          1.1%         39,239          1.3%         41,508          1.4%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income before provision for income taxes

     71,474          5.9%         66,153          5.7%         89,533          2.9%         67,598          2.3%   

Provision for income taxes

     26,815          2.2%         25,027          2.2%         33,800          1.1%         25,073          0.8%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income

     $ 44,659          3.7%         $ 41,126          3.5%         $ 55,733          1.8%         $ 42,525          1.5%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Weighted-average common stock outstanding:

                       

Basic

     60,311,923           59,615,121           60,131,546           59,293,500     

Diluted

     61,350,843           60,619,809           61,163,591           60,276,695     

Net income per share:

                       

Basic

   $ 0.74         $ 0.69         $ 0.93         $ 0.72     

Diluted

   $ 0.73         $ 0.68         $ 0.91         $ 0.71     

 

¹ The third quarter 2017 operating results include $2.0 million ($1.2 million, net of taxes) of non-recurring charges, $7.9 million ($4.9 million, net of taxes) of additional amortization for acquired intangibles, and $1.1 million ($0.7 million, net of taxes) of interest expense, financing costs, and other for the recognition of certain costs related to acquisitions completed in fiscal years 2016 and 2017. For the nine months ended June 30, 2017 operating results include $4.7 million ($2.9 million, net of taxes) of non-recurring charges, $23.7 million ($14.6 million, net of taxes) of additional amortization for acquired intangibles, and $4.3 million ($2.6 million, net of taxes) of interest expense, financing costs, and other for the recognition of certain costs related to acquisitions completed in fiscal years 2016 and 2017. See “Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EPS” table for further details.

 

² The third quarter 2016 operating results include $2.2 million ($1.5 million, net of taxes) of non-recurring charges, $5.7 million ($3.6 million, net of taxes) of additional amortization for acquired intangibles, and $0.4 million ($0.3 million, net of taxes) of interest expense, financing costs, and other for the recognition of certain costs related to acquisitions completed in fiscal year 2016. For the nine months ended June 30, 2016 operating results include $27.6 million ($16.7 million, net of taxes) of non-recurring charges, $17.1 million ($10.4 million, net of taxes) of additional amortization for acquired intangibles, and $5.5 million ($3.3 million, net of taxes) of interest expense, financing costs, and other for the recognition of certain costs related to acquisitions completed in fiscal year 2016. See “Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EPS” table for further details.


BEACON ROOFING SUPPLY, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands)

 

     June 30,      September 30,      June 30,
2016
 
     2017      2016     

Assets

        

Current assets

        

Cash and cash equivalents

     $ 33,055          $ 31,386          $ 36,536    

Accounts receivable, net

     670,977          626,965          640,101    

Inventories

     641,425          480,736          620,908    

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     221,477          163,103          205,073    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total current assets

     1,566,934          1,302,190          1,502,618    

Property and equipment, net

     156,951          148,569          153,389    

Goodwill

     1,256,014          1,197,565          1,200,206    

Intangibles, net

     442,962          464,024          477,250    

Other assets, net

     1,511          1,511          1,430    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Assets

     $ 3,424,372          $ 3,113,859          $ 3,334,893    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

        

Current liabilities:

        

Accounts payable

     $ 387,579          $ 360,915          $ 563,332    

Accrued expenses

     280,315          161,113          205,412    

Current portion of long-term obligations

     13,762          14,811          12,605    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

     681,656          536,839          781,349    

Borrowings under revolving lines of credit, net

     449,615          359,661          416,207    

Long-term debt, net

     721,685          722,929          721,630    

Deferred income taxes, net

     142,116          135,482          106,337    

Long-term obligations under equipment financing and other, net

     28,412          35,121          39,720    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     2,023,484          1,790,032          2,065,243    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Commitments and contingencies

        

Stockholders’ equity:

        

Common stock

     603          598          597    

Undesignated preferred stock

     -              -              -        

Additional paid-in capital

     714,608          694,564          686,943    

Retained earnings

     703,055          647,322          599,930    

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

     (17,378)         (18,657)         (17,820)   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity

     1,400,888          1,323,827          1,269,650    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

     $     3,424,372          $     3,113,859          $     3,334,893    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 


BEACON ROOFING SUPPLY, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

 

     Nine Months Ended June 30,  
     2017      2016  

Operating activities:

     

  Net income

     $ 55,733          $         42,525    

  Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

     

Depreciation and amortization

     86,238          73,027    

Stock-based compensation

     11,227          14,070    

Certain interest expense and other financing costs

     3,989          5,113    

Gain on sale of fixed assets

     (726)         (838)   

Deferred income taxes

     6,625          1,460    

Other, net

     -              (359)   

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effects of businesses acquired:

     

Accounts receivable

     (28,309)         (43,060)   

Inventories

     (141,942)         (96,363)   

Prepaid expenses and other assets

     (55,973)         (56,764)   

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

     137,290          135,548    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

     74,152          74,359    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Investing activities:

     

  Purchases of property and equipment

     (31,882)         (21,553)   

  Acquisition of businesses

     (128,533)         (1,018,658)   

  Proceeds from sales of assets

     1,839          969    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

         (158,576)           (1,039,242)   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Financing activities:

     

  Borrowings under revolving lines of credit, net of repayments

     88,357          403,052    

  Borrowings under term loan, net of repayments

     (3,375)         261,000    

  Borrowings under Senior Notes

     -            300,000    

  Borrowings under equipment financing facilities and other, net of repayments

     (7,759)         (3,847)   

  Payment of deferred financing costs

     -              (27,813)   

  Proceeds from exercise of options

     9,994          20,213    

  Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards

     (1,172)         -        

  Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation

     -              4,024    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

     86,045          956,629    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

     48          (871)   

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     1,669          (9,125)   

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

     31,386          45,661    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

     $ 33,055          $ 36,536    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 


BEACON ROOFING SUPPLY, INC.

Consolidated Sales by Product Line

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Consolidated Sales by Product Line

 
     Three Months Ended June 30,                
     2017      2016      Change  
     Net Sales      Mix %      Net Sales      Mix %      $      %  

Residential roofing products

     $ 669,437          55.1%         $ 618,365          53.6%         $ 51,072          8.3%   

Non-residential roofing products

     344,792          28.4%         361,790          31.4%         (16,998)         -4.7%   

Complementary building products

     199,665          16.5%         172,571          15.0%         27,094              15.7%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    
     $     1,213,894              100.0%         $     1,152,726              100.0%         $     61,168          5.3%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Consolidated Sales by Product Line for Existing Markets1

 
     Three Months Ended June 30,                
     2017      2016      Change  
     Net Sales      Mix %      Net Sales      Mix %      $        %    

Residential roofing products

     $ 651,648          56.0%         $ 617,873          54.2%         $ 33,775          5.5%   

Non-residential roofing products

     340,245          29.2%         359,440          31.6%         (19,195)         -5.3%   

Complementary building products

     172,070          14.8%         161,827          14.2%         10,243          6.3%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    
     $ 1,163,963          100.0%         $ 1,139,140          100.0%         $ 24,823          2.2%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Existing Market1 Sales By Business Day2

 
     Three Months Ended June 30,                
     2017      2016      Change  
     Net Sales      Mix %      Net Sales      Mix %      $        %    

Residential roofing products

     $ 10,182          56.0%         $ 9,654          54.2%         $ 528          5.5%   

Non-residential roofing products

     5,316          29.2%         5,616          31.6%         (300)         -5.3%   

Complementary building products

     2,689          14.8%         2,529          14.2%         160          6.3%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    
     $ 18,187          100.0%         $ 17,799          100.0%         $ 388          2.2%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

¹ Excludes acquired branches that have not been under ownership for at least four fiscal quarters prior to the start of the third quarter of fiscal year 2017.
2  There were 64 business days in each of the quarters ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.


BEACON ROOFING SUPPLY, INC.

Consolidated Sales by Product Line

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Consolidated Sales by Product Line

 
     Nine Months Ended June 30,                
     2017      2016      Change  
     Net Sales      Mix %      Net Sales      Mix %      $      %  

Residential roofing products

     $ 1,682,387          54.5%         $ 1,554,717          52.6%         $ 127,670          8.2%   

Non-residential roofing products

     900,689          29.2%         979,580          33.2%         (78,891)         -8.1%   

Complementary building products

     503,726          16.3%         418,446          14.2%         85,280              20.4%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    
     $     3,086,802              100.0%         $     2,952,743              100.0%         $     134,059          4.5%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Consolidated Sales by Product Line for Existing Markets1

 
     Nine Months Ended June 30,                
     2017      2016      Change  
     Net Sales      Mix %      Net Sales      Mix %      $      %  

Residential roofing products

     $     1,621,546              55.9%         $     1,533,170          53.2%         $     88,376          5.8%   

Non-residential roofing products

     889,264          30.7%         971,938          33.8%         (82,674)         -8.5%   

Complementary building products

     388,932          13.4%         372,895          13.0%         16,037          4.3%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    
     $ 2,899,742              100.0%           $ 2,878,003              100.0%         $     21,739              0.8%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

Existing Market1 Sales By Business Day2

 
     Nine Months Ended June 30,                
     2017      2016      Change  
     Net Sales      Mix %      Net Sales      Mix %      $      %  

Residential roofing products

     $ 8,580          55.9%         $ 8,069          53.2%         $ 511          6.3%   

Non-residential roofing products

     4,705          30.7%         5,115          33.8%             (410)             -8.0%   

Complementary building products

     2,058          13.4%         1,963          13.0%         95          4.8%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    
     $     15,343              100.0%         $     15,147              100.0%         $ 196          1.3%   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

¹ Excludes acquired branches that have not been under ownership for at least four fiscal quarters prior to the start of fiscal year 2017.
2  There were 189 and 190 business days for the nine months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.


BEACON ROOFING SUPPLY, INC.

Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EPS1

(In thousands except per share amounts)

 

     Three Months Ended June 30,      Nine Months Ended June 30,  
     2017      2016      2017      2016  
     Amount      Per
Share
     Amount      Per
Share
     Amount      Per
Share
     Amount      Per
Share
 

Net income

     $ 44,659          $ 0.73          $ 41,126          $ 0.68          $ 55,733          $ 0.91          $ 42,525          $ 0.71    

Company adjustments, net of income taxes:

                       

Acquisition costs2

     6,761          0.11          5,444          0.09          20,075          0.33          30,405          0.50    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Adjusted Net Income (Loss)

     $     51,420          $     0.84          $     46,570          $     0.77          $     75,808          $     1.24          $     72,930          $     1.21    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

¹ Adjusted Net Income (Loss) is defined as net income excluding non-recurring costs and the incremental amortization of intangibles related to acquisitions completed in fiscal years 2016 and 2017. We believe that Adjusted Net Income (Loss) is an operating performance metric that is useful to investors because it permits investors to better understand year-over-year changes in underlying operating performance. Adjusted net income per share or “Adjusted EPS” is calculated by dividing the Adjusted Net Income (Loss) for the period by the weighted-average diluted shares outstanding for the period (see Consolidated Statements of Operations for amounts).

 

2  Acquisition costs reflect total non-recurring charges and the incremental amortization of intangibles related to acquisitions completed in fiscal years 2016 and 2017, net of $4.2 million and $2.9 million in tax for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively and net of $12.6 million and $19.8 million in tax for the nine months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

While we believe Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EPS are useful measures for investors, these are not measurements presented in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). You should not consider Adjusted Net Income (Loss) or Adjusted EPS in isolation or as a substitute for net income and net income per share or diluted earnings per share calculated in accordance with GAAP.


BEACON ROOFING SUPPLY, INC.

Adjusted EBITDA1

(In thousands)

 

     Three Months Ended
June 30,
     Nine Months Ended
June 30,
 
     2017      2016      2017      2016  

Net income

     $ 44,659          $ 41,126          $ 55,733          $ 42,525    

Acquisition costs2

     1,971          2,157          4,715          23,310    

Interest expense, net

     13,614          12,508          40,098          41,836    

Income taxes

     26,815          25,027          33,800          25,073    

Depreciation and amortization

     29,283          25,375          86,238          73,019    

Stock-based compensation

     3,653          3,374          11,227          14,070    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

     $       119,995          $       109,567          $       231,811          $       219,833    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA as a % of net sales

     9.9%         9.5%         7.5%         7.4%   

 

¹ Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income plus interest expense (net of interest income), income taxes, depreciation and amortization, adjustments to contingent consideration, stock-based compensation, and non-recurring acquisition costs from acquisitions completed in fiscal years 2016 and 2017. EBITDA is a measure commonly used in the distribution industry, and we present Adjusted EBITDA to enhance your understanding of our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA is used in our bank covenants and we use Adjusted EBITDA as an internal performance measurement and as one criterion for evaluating our performance relative to that of our peers. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA is an operating performance measure that provides investors and analysts with a measure of operating results unaffected by differences in capital structures, capital investment cycles, and ages of related assets among otherwise comparable companies. Further, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA is a useful measure because it improves comparability of results of operations, since purchase accounting used for acquisitions can render depreciation and amortization non-comparable between periods. We use these supplemental measures to evaluate performance period over period and to analyze the underlying trends in our business and establish operational goals and forecasts that are used in allocating resources. We expect to compute our non-GAAP financial measures using the same consistent method from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year.

 

2  Acquisition costs reflect all non-recurring charges related to acquisitions completed in fiscal years 2016 and 2017 (excluding the impact of tax) that are not embedded in other balances of the table. Certain portions of the total acquisition costs incurred are included in interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and stock-based compensation.

While we believe Adjusted EBITDA is a useful measure for investors, it is not a measurement presented in accordance with GAAP. You should not consider Adjusted EBITDA in isolation or as a substitute for net income, cash flows from operations, or any other items calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA has inherent material limitations as a performance measure. It does not include interest expense. Because we have borrowed money, interest expense is a necessary element of our costs. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA does not include depreciation and amortization expense. Because we have capital and intangible assets, depreciation and amortization expense is a necessary element of our costs. Adjusted EBITDA also does not include stock-based compensation, which is a necessary element of our costs since we make stock awards to key members of management as an important incentive to maximize overall company performance and as a benefit. Moreover, Adjusted EBITDA does not include taxes, and payment of taxes is a necessary element of our operations. Accordingly, since Adjusted EBITDA excludes these items, it has material limitations as a performance measure. We separately monitor capital expenditures, which impact depreciation expense, as well as amortization expense, interest expense, stock-based compensation expense, and income tax expense. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.