ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P. - FORM 10-Q - EX-99.1 - EXHIBIT 99.1

Attached files

file	filename
EX-32.2 - EXHIBIT 32.2 - ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.	ab-20170630xex322.htm
EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.	ab-20170630xex321.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.	ab-20170630xex312.htm
EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.	ab-20170630xex311.htm
10-Q - 10-Q - ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.	ab-20170630x10q.htm

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Part I

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Exhibit 99.1

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

(in thousands, except unit amounts)



	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	598,391	$	656,985
Cash and securities segregated, at fair value (cost: $1,077,646 and $946,093)	1,077,649		946,097
Receivables, net:
Brokers and dealers	368,527		335,686
Brokerage clients	1,589,856		1,513,656
AB mutual funds fees	172,891		165,997
Other fees	99,233		104,376
Investments:
Long-term incentive compensation-related	62,585		67,761
Other	417,396		373,344
Assets of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds:
Cash and cash equivalents	364,777		337,525
Investments	659,336		574,076
Other assets	6,957		44,570
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	152,158		159,564
Goodwill	3,066,700		3,066,700
Intangible assets, net	120,589		134,606
Deferred sales commissions, net	44,581		63,890
Other assets	266,286		195,615
Total assets	$	9,067,912	$	8,740,448

LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST AND CAPITAL
Liabilities:
Payables:
Brokers and dealers	$	257,676	$	239,578
Securities sold not yet purchased	22,552		40,944
Brokerage clients	2,444,583		2,360,481
AB mutual funds	193,520		150,939
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	490,478		430,569
Liabilities of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds	426,047		292,800
Accrued compensation and benefits	453,544		251,019
Debt	512,437		512,970
Total liabilities	4,800,837		4,279,300

Commitments and contingencies (See Note 12)

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Redeemable non-controlling interest	344,104			392,959

Capital:
General Partner	39,683			41,100
Limited partners: 265,714,086 and 268,893,534 units issued and outstanding	4,014,259			4,154,810
Receivables from affiliates	(12,604		)	(12,830		)
AB Holding Units held for long-term incentive compensation plans	(52,999		)	(32,967		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(102,225		)	(118,096		)
Partners’ capital attributable to AB Unitholders	3,886,114			4,032,017
Non-redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated entities	36,857			36,172
Total capital	3,922,971			4,068,189
Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest and capital	$	9,067,912		$	8,740,448

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(in thousands, except per unit amounts)

(unaudited)



	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016			2017		2016
Revenues:
Investment advisory and services fees	$	531,163	$	477,050		$	1,029,453	$	928,463
Bernstein research services	109,470		115,053			222,211		241,518
Distribution revenues	100,149		97,321			196,703		190,013
Dividend and interest income	19,348		10,147			33,404		20,220
Investment gains (losses)	24,113		2,276			49,314		67,863
Other revenues	24,265		25,833			46,630		50,804
Total revenues	808,508		727,680			1,577,715		1,498,881
Less: Interest expense	6,195		1,874			10,485		3,949
Net revenues	802,313		725,806			1,567,230		1,494,932

Expenses:
Employee compensation and benefits	327,862		309,249			649,610		611,260
Promotion and servicing:
Distribution-related payments	102,756		93,217			199,123		180,344
Amortization of deferred sales commissions	8,307		10,577			17,386		21,819
Trade execution, marketing, T&E and other	53,235		55,357			101,449		109,558
General and administrative:
General and administrative	117,462		109,757			231,683		215,680
Real estate charges (credits)	20,747		(2,801		)	20,745		24,785
Contingent payment arrangements	178		353			355		706
Interest on borrowings	2,254		1,052			4,122		2,284
Amortization of intangible assets	6,975		6,470			13,908		12,879
Total expenses	639,776		583,231			1,238,381		1,179,315

Operating income	162,537		142,575			328,849		315,617

Income taxes	10,265		13,231			20,322		25,737

Net income	152,272		129,344			308,527		289,880

Net income (loss) of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	17,169		4,843			33,487		(905		)

Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	135,103	$	124,501		$	275,040	$	290,785

Net income per AB Unit:
Basic	$	0.50	$	0.46		$	1.01	$	1.06
Diluted	$	0.50	$	0.46		$	1.01	$	1.06

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(in thousands)

(unaudited)



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016

Net income	$	152,272		$	129,344		$	308,527		$	289,880
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments, before tax	7,355			(5,123		)	16,356			102
Income tax benefit	134			—			—			—
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	7,489			(5,123		)	16,356			102
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during period	26			(11		)	10			(19		)
Less: reclassification adjustment for (losses) included in net income	—			—			—			(3		)
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments	26			(11		)	10			(16		)
Income tax benefit (expense)	—			4			(2		)	3
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax	26			(7		)	8			(13		)
Changes in employee benefit related items:
Amortization of prior service cost	6			10			12			81
Recognized actuarial loss (gain)	264			391			523			(42		)
Changes in employee benefit related items	270			401			535			39
Income tax expense	(3		)	(4		)	(79		)	(75		)
Employee benefit related items, net of tax	267			397			456			(36		)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	7,782			(4,733		)	16,820			53
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) in consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	18,042			4,787			34,436			(910		)
Comprehensive income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	142,012		$	119,824		$	290,911		$	290,843

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	308,527		$	289,880

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of deferred sales commissions	17,386			21,819
Non-cash long-term incentive compensation expense	21,337			4,383
Depreciation and other amortization	33,313			29,548
Unrealized losses (gains) on investments	2,636			(17,517		)
Unrealized (gains) losses on investments of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds	(18,550		)	2,599
Other, net	5,712			9,091
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) in segregated cash and securities	(131,552		)	(100,895		)
(Increase) in receivables	(50,545		)	(382,084		)
(Increase) decrease in investments	(37,978		)	147,317
(Increase) in investments of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds	(66,710		)	(10,630		)
Decrease (increase) in deferred sales commissions	1,923			(1,837		)
(Increase) in other assets	(68,430		)	(62,693		)
Decrease (increase) in other assets and liabilities of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds	170,860			(943		)
Increase in payables	70,082			336,812
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses	(11,189		)	73,092
Increase in accrued compensation and benefits	201,417			176,636
Net cash provided by operating activities	448,239			514,578

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of investments	(11		)	—
Proceeds from sales of investments	10			92
Purchases of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements	(14,023		)	(20,304		)
Proceeds from sales of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements	39			—
Net cash used in investing activities	(13,985		)	(20,212		)

Cash flows from financing activities:
(Repayment) of commercial paper, net	(33,709		)	(46,144		)
Proceeds from bank loans	30,000			50,000
Increase in overdrafts payable	68,504			47,630
Distributions to General Partner and Unitholders	(339,139		)	(275,930		)
Redemptions of non-controlling interests of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds, net	(72,732		)	(45,534		)
Capital contributions to non-controlling interests in consolidated entities	(7,869		)	—
Purchase of non-controlling interest	(1,833		)	—
Capital contributions to affiliates	(280		)	(120		)
Payments of contingent payment arrangements	(812		)	(538		)
Additional investments by AB Holding with proceeds from exercise of compensatory options to buy AB Holding Units	9,246			2,377
Purchases of AB Holding Units to fund long-term incentive compensation plan awards, net	(127,472		)	(83,744		)

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Purchases of AB Units	(684		)	(337		)
Other	5			(11		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(476,775		)	(352,351		)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	11,179			6,324

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(31,342		)	148,339
Cash and cash equivalents as of beginning of the period	994,510			577,300
Cash and cash equivalents as of end of the period	$	963,168		$	725,639

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2017

(unaudited)

The words “we” and “our” refer collectively to AllianceBernstein L.P. and its subsidiaries (“AB”), or to their officers and employees. Similarly, the word “company” refers to AB. These statements should be read in conjunction with AB’s audited consolidated financial statements included in AB’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

1. Business Description Organization and Basis of Presentation

Business Description

We provide research, diversified investment management and related services globally to a broad range of clients. Our principal services include:

•

Institutional Services – servicing our institutional clients, including private and public pension plans, foundations and endowments, insurance companies, central banks and governments worldwide, and affiliates such as AXA S.A. (“AXA”)and its subsidiaries, by means of separately-managed accounts, sub-advisory relationships, structured products, collective investment trusts, mutual funds, hedge funds and other investment vehicles.


•	Retail Services – servicing our retail clients, primarily by means of retail mutual funds sponsored by AB or an affiliated company, sub-advisory relationships with mutual funds sponsored by third parties, separately-managed account programs sponsored by financial intermediaries worldwide and other investment vehicles.


•	Private Wealth Management Services – servicing our private clients, including high-net-worth individuals and families, trusts and estates, charitable foundations, partnerships, private and family corporations, and other entities, by means of separately-managed accounts, hedge funds, mutual funds and other investment vehicles.


•	Bernstein Research Services – servicing institutional investors, such as pension fund, hedge fund and mutual fund managers, seeking high-quality fundamental research, quantitative services and brokerage-related services in equities and listed options.

We also provide distribution, shareholder servicing, transfer agency services and administrative services to the mutual funds we sponsor.

Our high-quality, in-depth research is the foundation of our business. Our research disciplines include economic, fundamental equity, fixed income and quantitative research. In addition, we have experts focused on multi-asset strategies, wealth management and alternative investments.

We provide a broad range of investment services with expertise in:


•	Actively-managed equity strategies, with global and regional portfolios across capitalization ranges and investment strategies, including value, growth and core equities;

•Actively-managed traditional and unconstrained fixed income strategies, including taxable and tax-exempt strategies;

•Passive management, including index and enhanced index strategies;


•	Alternative investments, including hedge funds, fund of funds and private equity (e.g., direct real estate investing and direct lending); and

•Multi-asset solutions and services, including dynamic asset allocation, customized target-date funds and target-risk funds.

Our services span various investment disciplines, including market capitalization (e.g., large-, mid- and small-cap equities), term (e.g., long-, intermediate- and short-duration debt securities), and geographic location (e.g., U.S., international, global, emerging markets, regional and local), in major markets around the world.

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Organization

As of June 30, 2017, AXA, a société anonyme organized under the laws of France and the holding company for the AXA Group, a worldwide leader in financial protection, through certain of its subsidiaries (“AXA and its subsidiaries”), owns approximately 1.5% of the issued and outstanding units representing assignments of beneficial ownership of limited partnership interests in AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AB Holding Units”). AllianceBernstein Corporation (an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of AXA, “General Partner”) is the general partner of both AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AB Holding”) and AB. AllianceBernstein Corporation owns 100,000 general partnership units in AB Holding and a 1% general partnership interest in AB.

As of June 30, 2017, the ownership structure of AB, including limited partnership units outstanding as well as the general partner's 1% interest, is as follows:



AXA and its subsidiaries	64.0	%
AB Holding	34.8
Unaffiliated holders	1.2
	100.0	%

Including both the general partnership and limited partnership interests in AB Holding and AB, AXA and its subsidiaries had an approximate 64.6% economic interest in AB as of June 30, 2017.

Basis of Presentation

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the interim results, have been made. The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the interim reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The condensed consolidated statement of financial condition as of December 31, 2016 was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include AB and its majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries, and the consolidated entities that are considered to be variable interest entities (“VIEs”) and voting interest entities (“VOEs”) and for which AB has a controlling financial interest. Non-controlling interests on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition includes the portion of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds in which we do not have direct equity ownership. All significant inter-company transactions and balances among the consolidated entities have been eliminated.

Reclassifications

During 2017, prior period amounts for our VOEs' investments previously presented as other investments are now presented as investments of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition to conform to the current period's presentation. Additionally, prior period amounts for dividend and interest related to our consolidated company-sponsored investment funds previously presented as other revenues are now presented as dividend and interest income in the condensed consolidated statements of income to conform to the current period's presentation.

Lastly, all disclosures relating to the investments, derivatives and fair value of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds previously presented in Notes 8, 9, 10 and 11 are now separately disclosed in Note 13, Consolidated Company-Sponsored Investment Funds.

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Revision

During the third quarter of 2016, management determined that the frequency with which we had settled our U.S. inter-company payable balances with foreign subsidiaries over the past several years created deemed dividends under Section 956 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Section 956”). In the past, we funded our foreign subsidiaries as they required cash for their operations rather than pre-fund them each quarter, thereby reducing the inter-company balance to zero on a quarterly basis, as required by Section 956. As a result, we had been understating our income tax provision and income tax liability since 2010. We evaluated the aggregate effects of this error in our income tax provision and income tax liability to our previously issued financial statements in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins No. 99 and No. 108 and, based upon quantitative and qualitative factors, have determined that the error was not material to our previously issued financial statements. However, the cumulative effect of this error would have been material to our third quarter 2016 financial results if recorded as an out-of-period adjustment in the third quarter of 2016. Accordingly, we revised our previously issued financial statements from 2012 through the second quarter of 2016. We revised our income tax provision, net income attributable to AB Unitholders, and basic and diluted net income per AB Unit reported in prior periods in the statements of income. The table below reflects the revisions to these line items for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 that are included in this Form 10-Q:



	Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Revised
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)

Income taxes	$	10,588	$	2,643		$	13,231
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	127,144		(2,643		)	124,501
Basic net income per AB Unit	0.47		(0.01		)	0.46
Diluted net income per AB Unit	0.47		(0.01		)	0.46

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
	As Reported		Adjustment			As Revised
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)

Income taxes	$	20,452	$	5,285		$	25,737
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	296,070		(5,285		)	290,785
Basic net income per AB Unit	1.08		(0.02		)	1.06
Diluted net income per AB Unit	1.08		(0.02		)	1.06


2.	Significant Accounting Policies

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-07, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting. The amendment eliminates the current requirement for a retroactive adjustment and instead requires that the investor add the cost of acquiring the additional interest in the investee to the current basis of the investor's previously held interest and adopt the equity method of accounting as of the date the investment becomes qualified for equity method accounting. Additionally, the amendment requires that an entity that has an available-for-sale equity security that becomes qualified for the equity method of accounting recognize through earnings the unrealized holding gain or loss in accumulated other comprehensive income at the date the investment becomes qualified for use of the equity method. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2017. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The amendment includes provisions intended to simplify various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements, including income tax effects of share-based payments, minimum statutory tax withholding

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requirements and forfeitures. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2017 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendment is effective retrospectively for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2017. Management currently is evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements. We have not yet completed this analysis, but based on the analysis completed to date management does not expect the standard to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The amendment addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments and is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2017. The amendment will result in a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption, except for one provision relating to equity securities without readily determinable fair values, which provision will be applied prospectively. The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The amendment requires recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the statement of financial condition and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. Specifically, this guidance requires an operating lease lessee to recognize on the statement of financial condition a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. However, for leases with a term of twelve months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. The amendment is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2018 and requires lessees to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented in the financial statements using a modified retrospective approach. Management currently is evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230). The amendment is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendment is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2017 and should be applied using a retrospective transition method. The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The guidance removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The revised guidance will be applied prospectively, and is effective in 2020. The revised guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. The amendment requires that an employer disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net benefit costs on the income statement. The amendment is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2017 and should be applied retrospectively. The amendment is not expected to have a material impact on our results of operations.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation, Scope of Modification Accounting. The amendment provides clarity and reduces both diversity in practice and cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, to a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. This amendment is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017 and will be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. This amendment is not expected to have a material impact on our results of operations.

Consolidation of company-sponsored investment funds

We adopted ASU 2015-02, Consolidation - Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis (“ASU 2015-02”) effective January 1, 2016.

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For legal entities (company-sponsored investment funds) evaluated for consolidation, we first determine whether the fees we receive and the interests we hold qualify as a variable interest in the entity, including an evaluation of fees paid to us as a decision maker or service provider to the entity being evaluated. Fees received by us are not variable interests if (i) the fees are compensation for services provided and are commensurate with the level of effort required to provide those services, (ii) the service arrangement includes only terms, conditions or amounts that are customarily present in arrangements for similar services negotiated at arm’s length, and (iii) our other economic interests in the entity held directly and indirectly through our related parties, as well as economic interests held by related parties under common control, would not absorb more than an insignificant amount of the entity’s losses or receive more than an insignificant amount of the entity’s benefits.

For those entities in which we have a variable interest, we perform an analysis to determine whether the entity is a VIE by considering whether the entity’s equity investment at risk is insufficient, whether the investors lack decision making rights proportional to their ownership percentage of the entity, and whether the investors lack the obligation to absorb an entity’s expected losses or the right to receive an entity’s expected income.

A VIE must be consolidated by its primary beneficiary, which generally is defined as the party that has a controlling financial interest in the VIE. We are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in a VIE if we have (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE's economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive income from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. For purposes of evaluating (ii) above, fees paid to us as a decision maker or service provider are excluded if the fees are compensation for services provided commensurate with the level of effort required to be performed and the arrangement includes only customary terms, conditions or amounts present in arrangements for similar services negotiated at arm’s length. The primary beneficiary evaluation generally is performed qualitatively based on all facts and circumstances, as well as quantitatively, as appropriate.

If we have a variable interest in an entity that is determined not to be a VIE, the entity is then evaluated for consolidation under the VOE model. For limited partnerships and similar entities, we are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in a VOE, and would be required to consolidate the entity, if we own a majority of the entity’s kick-out rights through voting limited partnership interests and limited partners do not hold substantive participating rights (or other rights that would indicate that we do not control the entity). For entities other than limited partnerships, we are deemed to have a controlling financial interest in a VOE if we own a majority voting interest in the entity.

The analysis performed regarding the determination of variable interests held, whether entities are VIEs or VOEs, and whether we have a controlling financial interest in such entities requires the exercise of judgment. The analysis is updated continuously as circumstances change or new entities are formed.


3.	Long-term Incentive Compensation Plans

We maintain several unfunded, non-qualified long-term incentive compensation plans, under which we grant annual awards to employees, generally in the fourth quarter, and to members of the Board of Directors of the General Partner, who are not employed by our company or by any of our affiliates (“Eligible Directors”).

We fund our restricted AB Holding Unit awards either by purchasing AB Holding Units on the open market or purchasing newly-issued AB Holding Units from AB Holding, and then keeping all of these AB Holding Units in a consolidated rabbi trust until delivering them or retiring them. In accordance with the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of AB (“AB Partnership Agreement”), when AB purchases newly-issued AB Holding Units from AB Holding, AB Holding is required to use the proceeds it receives from AB to purchase the equivalent number of newly-issued AB Units, thus increasing its percentage ownership interest in AB. AB Holding Units held in the consolidated rabbi trust are corporate assets in the name of the trust and are available to the general creditors of AB.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, we purchased 4.3 million and 5.7 million AB Holding Units for $96.7 million and $127.8 million, respectively (on a trade date basis). These amounts reflect open-market purchases of 3.7 million and 4.9 million AB Holding Units for $82.4 million and $110.3 million, respectively, with the remainder relating to purchases of AB Holding Units from employees to allow them to fulfill statutory tax withholding requirements at the time of delivery of long-term incentive compensation awards. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, we purchased 1.9 million and 3.8 million AB Holding units for $44.3 million and $84.0 million, respectively (on a trade date basis). These amounts reflect open-market purchases of 1.9 million and 3.7 million AB Holding Units for $43.9 million and $82.0 million, respectively, with the remainder relating to purchases of AB Holding Units from employees to allow them to fulfill statutory tax withholding requirements at the time of delivery of long-term incentive compensation awards. Purchases of AB Holding Units reflected on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows are net of AB Holding Unit purchases by employees as part of a distribution reinvestment election.

Index

Each quarter, we consider whether to implement a plan to repurchase AB Holding Units pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). A Rule 10b5-1 plan allows a company to repurchase its shares at times when it otherwise might be prevented from doing so because of self-imposed trading blackout periods or because it possesses material non-public information. Each broker we select has the authority under the terms and limitations specified in the plan to repurchase AB Holding Units on our behalf in accordance with the terms of the plan. Repurchases are subject to regulations promulgated by the SEC as well as certain price, market volume and timing constraints specified in the plan. The plan adopted during the second quarter of 2017 expired at the close of business on July 26, 2017. We may adopt additional Rule 10b5-1 plans in the future to engage in open-market purchases of AB Holding Units to help fund anticipated obligations under our incentive compensation award program and for other corporate purposes.

During the first six months of 2017 and 2016, we granted to employees and Eligible Directors 2.0 million and 0.3 million restricted AB Holding Unit awards, respectively. We used AB Holding Units repurchased during the period and newly-issued AB Holding Units to fund these awards.

During the first six months of 2017 and 2016, AB Holding issued 0.5 million and 0.1 million AB Holding Units, respectively, upon exercise of options to buy AB Holding Units. AB Holding used the proceeds of $9.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively, received as payment in cash for the exercise price to purchase the equivalent number of newly-issued AB Units.


4.	Cash Distributions

AB is required to distribute all of its Available Cash Flow, as defined in the AB Partnership Agreement, to its Unitholders and to the General Partner. Available Cash Flow can be summarized as the cash flow received by AB from operations minus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be retained by AB for use in its business, or plus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be released from previously retained cash flow.

Typically, Available Cash Flow has been the adjusted diluted net income per unit for the quarter multiplied by the number of general and limited partnership interests at the end of the quarter. In future periods, management anticipates that Available Cash Flow will be based on adjusted diluted net income per unit, unless management determines, with the concurrence of the Board of Directors, that one or more adjustments that are made for adjusted net income should not be made with respect to the Available Cash Flow calculation.

On July 27, 2017, the General Partner declared a distribution of $0.56 per AB Unit, representing a distribution of Available Cash Flow for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The General Partner, as a result of its 1% general partnership interest, is entitled to receive 1% of each distribution. The distribution is payable on August 24, 2017 to holders of record on August 7, 2017.


5.	Real Estate Charges

Since 2010, in connection with our workforce reductions and in an effort to reduce our global real estate footprint, we have implemented a global office space consolidation. As a result, we have sub-leased over one million square feet of office space. The activity in the liability account relating to our global space consolidation initiatives for the following periods is:



	Six Months Ended June 30, 2017			Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2016
	(in thousands)

Balance as of beginning of period	$	112,932		$	123,912
Expense (credit) incurred	15,940			12,248
Deferred rent	3,601			4,930
Payments made	(20,861		)	(32,988		)
Interest accretion	2,074			4,830
Balance as of end of period	$	113,686		$	112,932

Index


6.	Net Income per Unit

Basic net income per unit is derived by reducing net income for the 1% general partnership interest and dividing the remaining 99% by the basic weighted average number of units outstanding for each period. Diluted net income per unit is derived by reducing net income for the 1% general partnership interest and dividing the remaining 99% by the total of the diluted weighted average number of units outstanding for each period.



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)

Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	135,103	$	124,501	$	275,040	$	290,785

Weighted average units outstanding – basic	268,302		269,720		268,391		270,787
Dilutive effect of compensatory options to buy AB Holding Units	430		650		482		534
Weighted average units outstanding – diluted	268,732		270,370		268,873		271,321
Basic net income per AB Unit	$	0.50	$	0.46	$	1.01	$	1.06
Diluted net income per AB Unit	$	0.50	$	0.46	$	1.01	$	1.06

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, we excluded 2,507,179 and 2,452,633 options, respectively, from the diluted net income computation due to their anti-dilutive effect. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, we excluded 2,793,454 and 2,873,106 options, respectively, from the diluted net income computation due to their anti-dilutive effect.


7.	Cash and Securities Segregated Under Federal Regulations and Other Requirements

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, $1.0 billion and $0.9 billion, respectively, of U.S. Treasury Bills were segregated in a special reserve bank custody account for the exclusive benefit of our brokerage customers under Rule 15c3-3 of the Exchange Act.

One of our subsidiaries, which serves as the distributor of our U.S. mutual funds, maintains several special bank accounts for the exclusive benefit of customers. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, $70.6 million and $52.9 million, respectively, of cash was segregated in these bank accounts.

Index


8.	Investments



Investments consist of:
	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(in thousands)
Trading:
U.S. Treasury Bills	$	27,764	$	28,937
Long-term incentive compensation-related	49,189		50,935
Seed capital	166,739		188,053
Equities	82,381		6,602
Exchange-traded options	8,348		3,106
Investments in limited partnership hedge funds:
Long-term incentive compensation-related	13,396		16,826
Seed capital	25,283		23,704
Private equity (seed capital)	44,852		45,278
Time deposits	50,429		70,097
Other	11,600		7,567
Total investments	$	479,981	$	441,105

Total investments related to long-term incentive compensation obligations of $62.6 million and $67.8 million as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, consist of company-sponsored mutual funds and hedge funds. For long-term incentive compensation awards granted before 2009, we typically made investments in our services that were notionally elected by plan participants and maintained them (and continue to maintain them) in a consolidated rabbi trust or separate custodial account. The rabbi trust and custodial account enable us to hold such investments separate from our other assets for the purpose of settling our obligations to participants. The investments held in the rabbi trust and custodial account remain available to the general creditors of AB.

The underlying investments of the hedge funds in which we invest include long and short positions in equity securities, fixed income securities (including various agency and non-agency asset-based securities), currencies, commodities and derivatives (including various swaps and forward contracts). These investments are valued at quoted market prices or, where quoted market prices are not available, are fair valued based on the pricing policies and procedures of the underlying funds.

U.S. Treasury Bills, the majority of which are pledged as collateral with clearing organizations, are held in our investment account. These clearing organizations have the ability by contract or custom to sell or re-pledge this collateral.

We allocate seed capital to our investment teams to help develop new products and services for our clients. The seed capital trading investments are equity and fixed income products, primarily in the form of separately-managed account portfolios, U.S. mutual funds, Luxembourg funds, Japanese investment trust management funds or Delaware business trusts. We also may allocate seed capital to investments in private equity funds, such as a third-party venture capital fund that invests in communications, consumer, digital media, healthcare and information technology markets. In regard to our seed capital investments, the amounts above reflect those funds in which we are not the primary beneficiary of a VIE or hold a controlling financial interest in a VOE. See Note 13, Consolidated Company-Sponsored Investment Funds, for the seed capital investments that are consolidated entities. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, our total seed capital investments were $465.9 million and $500.0 million, respectively. Seed capital investments in unconsolidated company-sponsored investment funds are valued using published net asset values or non-published net asset values if they are not listed on an active exchange but have net asset values that are comparable to funds with published net asset values and have no redemption restrictions.

Trading securities also include long positions in corporate equities and long exchange-traded options traded through our options desk.

Index

The portion of trading gains (losses) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 related to trading securities held as of June 30, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017		2016
	(in thousands)

Net gains recognized during the period	$	2,505		$	7,394		$	16,265	$	8,626
Less: net gains (losses) recognized during the period on trading securities sold during the period	11,616			(2,335		)	12,539		(12,696		)
Unrealized (losses) gains recognized during the period on trading securities held	$	(9,111	)	$	9,729		$	3,726	$	21,322


9.	Derivative Instruments

See Note 13, Consolidated Company-Sponsored Investment Funds, for disclosure of derivative instruments held by our consolidated company-sponsored investment funds.

We enter into various futures, forwards, options and swaps to economically hedge certain seed capital investments. Also, we have currency forwards that economically hedge certain balance sheet exposures. In addition, our options desk trades long and short exchange-traded equity options. We do not hold any derivatives designated in a formal hedge relationship under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-10, Derivatives and Hedging.

The notional value and fair value as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 for derivative instruments (excluding derivative instruments relating to our options desk trading activities discussed below) not designated as hedging instruments were as follows:



			Fair Value
	Notional Value		Asset Derivatives		Liability Derivatives
	(in thousands)
June 30, 2017:
Exchange-traded futures	$	98,938	$	813	$	916
Currency forwards	190,292		5,666		5,156
Interest rate swaps	34,038		898		970
Credit default swaps	32,399		423		1,015
Total return swaps	63,770		76		119
Total derivatives	$	419,437	$	7,876	$	8,176

December 31, 2016:
Exchange-traded futures	$	103,108	$	1,224	$	1,092
Currency forwards	180,820		4,541		4,711
Interest rate swaps	40,664		940		897
Credit default swaps	45,108		1,205		905
Total return swaps	90,043		503		1,044
Total derivatives	$	459,743	$	8,413	$	8,649

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the derivative assets and liabilities are included in both receivables and payables to brokers and dealers on our condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

The gains and losses for derivative instruments (excluding our options desk trading activities) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 recognized in investment gains (losses) in the condensed consolidated statements of income were as follows:

Index



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
	(in thousands)

Exchange-traded futures	$	(3,301	)	$	(913	)	$	(8,833	)	$	2,433
Currency forwards	132			(685		)	(930		)	(1,820		)
Interest rate swaps	(151		)	(559		)	(248		)	(1,931		)
Credit default swaps	(237		)	(198		)	(909		)	(606		)
Options swaps	—			39			—			87
Total return swaps	(1,830		)	(2,736		)	(3,959		)	(6,772		)
Net (losses) on derivative instruments	$	(5,387	)	$	(5,052	)	$	(14,879	)	$	(8,609	)

We may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments. We minimize our counterparty exposure through a credit review and approval process. In addition, we have executed various collateral arrangements with counterparties to the over-the-counter derivative transactions that require both pledging and accepting collateral in the form of cash. As of June 30, 2017, we had no cash collateral payable to trade counterparties. As of December 31, 2016, we held $0.8 million of cash collateral payable to trade counterparties. This obligation to return cash is reported in payables to brokers and dealers in our condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

Although notional amount is the most commonly used measure of volume in the derivative market, it is not used as a measure of credit risk. Generally, the current credit exposure of our derivative contracts is limited to the net positive estimated fair value of derivative contracts at the reporting date after taking into consideration the existence of netting agreements and any collateral received. A derivative with positive value (a derivative asset) indicates existence of credit risk because the counterparty would owe us if the contract were closed. Alternatively, a derivative contract with negative value (a derivative liability) indicates we would owe money to the counterparty if the contract were closed. Generally, if there is more than one derivative transaction with a single counterparty, a master netting arrangement exists with respect to derivative transactions with that counterparty to provide for aggregate net settlement.

Certain of our standardized contracts for over-the-counter derivative transactions (“ISDA Master Agreements”) contain credit risk related contingent provisions pertaining to each counterparty’s credit rating. In some ISDA Master Agreements, if the counterparty’s credit rating, or in some agreements, our assets under management (“AUM”), falls below a specified threshold, either a default or a termination event permitting the counterparty to terminate the ISDA Master Agreement would be triggered. In all agreements that provide for collateralization, various levels of collateralization of net liability positions are applicable, depending on the credit rating of the counterparty. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we delivered $5.6 million and $6.2 million, respectively, of cash collateral into brokerage accounts. We report this cash collateral in cash and cash equivalents in our condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we held $8.3 million and $3.1 million, respectively, of long exchange-traded equity options, which are classified as trading investments and included in other investments on our condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. In addition, as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we held $7.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of short exchange-traded equity options, which are included in securities sold not yet purchased on our condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Our options desk provides our clients with equity derivative strategies and execution for exchange-traded options on single stocks, exchange-traded funds and indices. While predominately agency-based, the options desk may commit capital to facilitate a client’s transaction. Our options desk hedges the risks associated with this activity by taking offsetting positions in equities. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, we recognized $5.4 million and $9.2 million, respectively, of losses on equity options activity. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, we recognized $8.1 million and $16.7 million, respectively, of losses on equity options activity. These losses are recognized in investment gains (losses) in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

Index


10.	Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

See Note 13, Consolidated Company-Sponsored Investment Funds, for disclosure of offsetting assets and liabilities of our consolidated company-sponsored investment funds.

Offsetting of assets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was as follows:



	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position		Financial Instruments			Cash Collateral Received			Net Amount
	(in thousands)
June 30, 2017:
Securities borrowed	$	55,323	$	—	$	55,323	$	(52,150	)	$	—		$	3,173
Derivatives	$	7,876	$	—	$	7,876	$	—		$	—		$	7,876
Long exchange-traded options	$	8,348	$	—	$	8,348	$	—		$	—		$	8,348
December 31, 2016:
Securities borrowed	$	82,814	$	—	$	82,814	$	(80,277	)	$	—		$	2,537
Derivatives	$	8,413	$	—	$	8,413	$	—		$	(810	)	$	7,603
Long exchange-traded options	$	3,106	$	—	$	3,106	$	—		$	—		$	3,106

Index

Offsetting of liabilities as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was as follows:



	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position		Financial Instruments			Cash Collateral Pledged			Net Amount
	(in thousands)
June 30, 2017:
Securities loaned	$	28,750	$	—	$	28,750	$	(28,616	)	$	—		$	134
Derivatives	$	8,176	$	—	$	8,176	$	—		$	(5,564	)	$	2,612
Short exchange-traded options	$	7,510	$	—	$	7,510	$	—		$	—		$	7,510
December 31, 2016:
Securities loaned	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—
Derivatives	$	8,649	$	—	$	8,649	$	—		$	(6,239	)	$	2,410
Short exchange-traded options	$	692	$	—	$	692	$	—		$	—		$	692

Cash collateral, whether pledged or received on derivative instruments, is not considered material and, accordingly, is not disclosed by counterparty.


11.	Fair Value

See Note 13, Consolidated Company-Sponsored Investment Funds, for disclosure of fair value of our consolidated company-sponsored investment funds.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three broad levels of fair value hierarchy are as follows:

• Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets are available for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date.


•	Level 2 – Quoted prices in markets that are not active or other pricing inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date.


•	Level 3 – Prices or valuation techniques that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable as of the reported date. These financial instruments do not have two-way markets and are measured using management’s best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.

Index

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Valuation of our financial instruments by pricing observability levels as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was as follows (in thousands):



	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		NAV Expedient⁽¹⁾		Other		Total
June 30, 2017:
Money markets	$	173,176	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	173,176
Securities segregated (U.S. Treasury Bills)	—		1,007,079		—		—		—		1,007,079
Derivatives	813		7,063		—		—		—		7,876
Investments
Trading
U.S. Treasury Bills	—		27,764		—		—		—		27,764
Equity securities	204,418		4,006		114		65		—		208,603
Fixed income securities	78,328		11,365		—		13		—		89,706
Long exchange-traded options	8,348		—		—		—		—		8,348
Limited partnership hedge funds⁽²⁾	—		—		—		—		38,679		38,679
Private equity	—		—		4,914		39,938		—		44,852
Time deposits⁽³⁾	—		—		—		—		50,429		50,429
Other
Available-for-sale	102		—		—		—		—		102
Other investments⁽²⁾⁽⁴⁾	—		—		—		—		11,498		11,498
Total investments	291,196		43,135		5,028		40,016		100,606		479,981
Total assets measured at fair value	$	465,185	$	1,057,277	$	5,028	$	40,016	$	100,606	$	1,668,112

Securities sold not yet purchased
Short equities – corporate	$	15,042	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	15,042
Short exchange-traded options	7,510		—		—		—		—		7,510
Derivatives	916		7,260		—		—		—		8,176
Contingent payment arrangements	—		—		16,777		—		—		16,777
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	23,468	$	7,260	$	16,777	$	—	$	—	$	47,505

December 31, 2016:
Money markets	$	107,250	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	107,250
Securities segregated (U.S. Treasury Bills)	—		893,189		—		—		—		893,189
Derivatives	1,224		7,189		—		—		—		8,413
Investments
Trading
U.S. Treasury Bills	—		28,937		—		—		—		28,937
Equity securities	148,128		5,724		110		36		—		153,998
Fixed income securities	80,473		11,107		—		12		—		91,592
Long exchange-traded options	3,106		—		—		—		—		3,106
Limited partnership hedge funds⁽²⁾	—		—		—		—		40,530		40,530
Private equity	—		—		4,913		40,365		—		45,278
Time deposits⁽³⁾	—		—		—		—		70,097		70,097

Index



Other
Available-for-sale	45		—		—		—		—		45
Other investments⁽²⁾⁽⁴⁾	—		—		—		—		7,522		7,522
Total investments	231,752		45,768		5,023		40,413		118,149		441,105
Total assets measured at fair value	$	340,226	$	946,146	$	5,023	$	40,413	$	118,149	$	1,449,957

Securities sold not yet purchased
Short equities – corporate	$	40,252	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	40,252
Short exchange-traded options	692		—		—		—		—		692
Derivatives	1,092		7,557		—		—		—		8,649
Contingent payment arrangements	—		—		17,589		—		—		17,589
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	42,036	$	7,557	$	17,589	$	—	$	—	$	67,182

⁽¹⁾Investments measured at fair value using NAV (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient.

⁽²⁾ Investments in equity method investees that are not measured at fair value in accordance with GAAP.

⁽³⁾ Investments carried at amortized cost that are not measured at fair value in accordance with GAAP.

⁽⁴⁾ Investments carried at cost that are not measured at fair value in accordance with GAAP.

One of our private equity investments (measured at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient) is a venture capital fund with a fair value of $39.9 million and unfunded commitment of $0.8 million as of June 30, 2017, invests in communications, consumer, digital media, healthcare and information technology markets. The fair value of this investment has been estimated using the capital account balances provided by the partnership. The interest in this partnership cannot be redeemed.

We provide below a description of the fair value methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy:


•	Money markets: We invest excess cash in various money market funds that are valued based on quoted prices in active markets; these are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.


•	Treasury Bills: We hold U.S. Treasury Bills, which are primarily segregated in a special reserve bank custody account as required by Rule 15c3-3 of the Exchange Act. These securities are valued based on quoted yields in secondary markets and are included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

•

Equity and fixed income securities: Our equity and fixed income securities consist principally of company-sponsored mutual funds with NAVs and various separately-managed portfolios consisting primarily of equity and fixed income securities with quoted prices in active markets, which are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. In addition, some securities are valued based on observable inputs from recognized pricing vendors, which are included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

•

Derivatives: We hold exchange-traded futures with counterparties that are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. In addition, we also hold currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, option swaps and total return swaps with counterparties that are valued based on observable inputs from recognized pricing vendors, which are included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

• Options: We hold long exchange-traded options that are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

•

Private equity: Generally, the valuation of private equity investments requires significant management judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices, inherent lack of liquidity and the long-term nature of such investments. Private equity investments are valued initially at cost. The carrying values of private equity investments are adjusted either up or down from cost to reflect expected exit values as evidenced by financing and sale transactions with third parties, or when determination of a valuation adjustment is confirmed through ongoing review in accordance with our valuation policies and procedures. A variety of factors are reviewed and monitored to assess positive and negative changes in valuation, including current operating performance and future expectations of investee companies, industry valuations of comparable public companies, changes in market outlooks, and the third party financing environment over time. In determining valuation adjustments resulting from the investment review process, particular emphasis is placed on current

Index

company performance and market conditions. For these reasons, which make the fair value of private equity investments unobservable, equity investments are included in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. If private equity investments become publicly traded, they are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy; provided, however, if they contain trading restrictions, publicly-traded equity investments are included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy until the trading restrictions expire.


•	Securities sold not yet purchased: Securities sold not yet purchased, primarily reflecting short positions in equities and exchange-traded options, are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

•

Contingent payment arrangements: Contingent payment arrangements relate to contingent payment liabilities associated with various acquisitions. At each reporting date, we estimate the fair values of the contingent consideration expected to be paid based upon probability-weighted AUM and revenue projections, using unobservable market data inputs, which are included in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 securities.

The change in carrying value associated with Level 3 financial instruments carried at fair value, classified as private equity and trading equity securities, is as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016			2017		2016
	(in thousands)

Balance as of beginning of period	$	5,026	$	6,605		$	5,023	$	16,148
Reclassification (see below)	—		—			—		(9,532		)
Purchases	—		—			—		—
Sales	—		—			—		—
Realized gains (losses), net	—		—			—		—
Unrealized gains (losses), net	2		(1,667		)	5		(1,678		)
Balance as of end of period	$	5,028	$	4,938		$	5,028	$	4,938

Transfers into and out of all levels of the fair value hierarchy are reflected at end-of-period fair values. We reclassified the investments of our consolidated private equity fund from investments to investments of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds on our condensed consolidated statement of financial condition (see Note 13, Consolidated Company-Sponsored Investment Funds). Realized and unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 financial instruments are recorded in investment gains and losses in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we have an investment in a private equity fund focused exclusively on the energy sector (fair value of $4.9 million for both periods) that is classified as Level 3.This investment's valuation is based on a market approach, considering recent transactions in the fund and the industry.

The change in carrying value associated with Level 3 financial instruments carried at fair value, classified as contingent payment arrangements, is as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
	(in thousands)

Balance as of beginning of period	$	17,177		$	31,119		$	17,589		$	31,399
Accretion	177			353			355			706
Payments	(577		)	(611		)	(1,167		)	(1,244		)
Balance as of end of period	$	16,777		$	30,861		$	16,777		$	30,861

Index

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the three acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities recorded have a combined fair value of $16.8 million and $17.6 million, respectively, and are valued using a projected AUM weighted average growth rate of 18% for one acquisition, and revenue growth rates and discount rates ranging from 4% to 31% and 1.4% to 6.4%, respectively, for the three acquisitions.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

We did not have any material assets or liabilities that were measured at fair value for impairment on a nonrecurring basis during the six months ended June 30, 2017 or during the year ended December 31, 2016.


12.	Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

With respect to all significant litigation matters, we consider the likelihood of a negative outcome. If we determine the likelihood of a negative outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, we record an estimated loss for the expected outcome of the litigation. If the likelihood of a negative outcome is reasonably possible and we are able to determine an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss in excess of amounts already accrued, if any, we disclose that fact together with the estimate of the possible loss or range of loss. However, it is often difficult to predict the outcome or estimate a possible loss or range of loss because litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, particularly when plaintiffs allege substantial or indeterminate damages. Such is also the case when the litigation is in its early stages or when the litigation is highly complex or broad in scope. In these cases, we disclose that we are unable to predict the outcome or estimate a possible loss or range of loss.

AB may be involved in various matters, including regulatory inquiries, administrative proceedings and litigation, some of which may allege significant damages. It is reasonably possible that we could incur losses pertaining to these matters, but currently we cannot estimate any such losses.

Management, after consultation with legal counsel, currently believes that the outcome of any individual matter that is pending or threatened, or all of them combined, will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. However, any inquiry, proceeding or litigation has an element of uncertainty; management cannot determine whether further developments relating to any individual matter that is pending or threatened, or all of them combined, will have a material adverse effect on our results of operation, financial condition or liquidity in any future reporting period.

13. Consolidated Company-Sponsored Investment Funds

We regularly provide seed capital to new company-sponsored investment funds. As such, we may consolidate or de-consolidate a variety of company-sponsored investment funds each quarter. Due to the similarity of risks related to our involvement with each company-sponsored investment fund, disclosures required under the VIE model are aggregated, such as disclosures regarding the carrying amount and classification of assets.

We are not required to provide financial support to company-sponsored investment funds and only the assets of such funds are available to settle each fund's own liabilities. Our exposure to loss in regard to consolidated company-sponsored investment funds is limited to our investment in, and our management fee earned from, such funds. Equity and debt holders of such funds have no recourse to AB’s assets or to the general credit of AB.

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The balances of consolidated VIEs and VOEs included in our condensed consolidated statements of financial condition were as follows:



	June 30, 2017						December 31, 2016
	(in thousands)

	VIEs		VOEs		Total		VIEs		VOEs		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	364,738	$	39	$	364,777	$	337,525	$	—	$	337,525
Investments	629,680		29,656		659,336		550,850		23,226		574,076
Other assets	6,044		913		6,957		44,570		—		44,570
Total assets	$	1,000,462	$	30,608	$	1,031,070	$	932,945	$	23,226	$	956,171

Liabilities	$	416,194	$	9,853	$	426,047	$	292,800	$	—	$	292,800
Redeemable non-controlling interest	335,440		—		335,440		384,294		—		384,294
Partners' capital attributable to AB Unitholders	212,660		20,755		233,415		221,229		23,226		244,455
Non-redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated entities	36,168		—		36,168		34,622		—		34,622
Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest and partners' capital	$	1,000,462	$	30,608	$	1,031,070	$	932,945	$	23,226	$	956,171

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Fair Value

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits, overnight commercial paper and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, the recorded value has been determined to approximate fair value.

Valuation of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds' financial instruments by pricing observability levels as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was as follows (in thousands):



	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		NAV Expedient		Total
June 30, 2017:
Investments - VIEs	$	526,097	$	100,725	$	2,777	$	81	$	629,680
Investments - VOEs	12,757		16,879		20		—		29,656
Derivatives - VIEs	70		1,487		—		—		1,557
Derivatives - VOEs	1		9		—		—		10
Total assets measured at fair value	$	538,925	$	119,100	$	2,797	$	81	$	660,903

Short equities - VIEs	$	406,811	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	406,811
Derivatives - VIEs	30		2,823		—		—		2,853
Derivatives - VOEs	—		9		—		—		9
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	406,841	$	2,832	$	—	$	—	$	409,673

December 31, 2016:
Investments - VIEs	$	341,830	$	203,197	$	5,741	$	82	$	550,850
Investments - VOEs	10,188		12,061		—		977		23,226
Derivatives - VIEs	58		1,739		—		—		1,797
Total assets measured at fair value	$	352,076	$	216,997	$	5,741	$	1,059	$	575,873

Short equities - VIEs	$	248,419	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	248,419
Derivatives - VIEs	48		2,033		—		—		2,081
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	248,467	$	2,033	$	—	$	—	$	250,500

See Note 11 for a description of the fair value methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

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The change in carrying value associated with Level 3 financial instruments carried at fair value within consolidated company-sponsored investment funds was as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
	(in thousands)

Balance as of beginning of period	$	10,273		$	15,426		$	5,741		$	—
Impact of adoption of ASU 2015-02	—			—			—			14,740
Deconsolidated funds	(6,697		)	—			(6,697		)	—
Transfers in (out)	(336		)	(1,315		)	413			(1,315		)
Purchases	435			350			5,012			356
Sales	(824		)	(455		)	(1,897		)	(508		)
Realized (losses), net	8			(39		)	(4		)	(39		)
Unrealized gains (losses), net	(54		)	(838		)	217			(123		)
Accrued discounts	(8		)	(21		)	12			(3		)
Balance as of end of period	$	2,797		$	13,108		$	2,797		$	13,108

The level 3 securities primarily consist of corporate bonds that are vendor priced with no ratings available, bank loans, non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations and asset-backed securities.

Transfers into and out of all levels of the fair value hierarchy are reflected at end-of-period fair values. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 financial instruments are recorded in investment gains and losses in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

Derivative Instruments

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the VIEs held $11.6 million and $2.9 million (net), respectively, of futures, forwards and swaps within their portfolios (including $12.9 million and $3.2 million, respectively, of derivatives included in their investments balance on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition). For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, we recognized $7.8 million and $15.0 million, respectively, of gains on these derivative positions. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, we recognized $0.3 million of losses and $2.7 million of gains, respectively, on these derivative positions. These gains and losses are recognized in investment gains (losses) in the condensed consolidated statements of income. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the VIEs held $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of cash collateral payable to trade counterparties. This obligation to return cash is reported in the liabilities of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds in our condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the VIEs delivered $3.8 million and $3.3 million, respectively, of cash collateral into brokerage accounts. The VIEs report this cash collateral in the consolidated company-sponsored investment funds cash and cash equivalents in our condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

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Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

Offsetting of derivative assets of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was as follows:



	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position		Financial Instruments		Collateral Received			Net Amount
	(in thousands)
June 30, 2017:
Derivatives - VIEs	$	14,422	$	—	$	14,422	$	—	$	(88	)	$	14,334
Derivatives - VOEs	$	10	$	—	$	10	$	—	$	—		$	10
December 31, 2016:
Derivatives - VIEs	$	4,997	$	—	$	4,997	$	—	$	(461	)	$	4,536

Offsetting of derivative liabilities of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was as follows:



	Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position		Financial Instruments		Collateral Pledged			Net Amount
	(in thousands)
June 30, 2017:
Derivatives - VIEs	$	2,853	$	—	$	2,853	$	—	$	(2,853	)	$	—
Derivatives - VOEs	$	9	$	—	$	9	$	—	$	(1	)	$	8
December 31, 2016:
Derivatives - VIEs	$	2,081	$	—	$	2,081	$	—	$	(2,081	)	$	—

Cash collateral, whether pledged or received on derivative instruments, is not considered material and, accordingly, is not disclosed by counterparty.

Non-Consolidated VIEs

As of June 30, 2017, the net assets of company-sponsored investment products that are non-consolidated VIEs are approximately $49.4 billion, and our maximum risk of loss is our investment of $19.5 million in these VIEs and advisory fee receivables from these VIEs, which are not material.

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14.	Units Outstanding

Changes in AB Units outstanding during the six-month period ended June 30, 2017 were as follows:




Outstanding as of December 31, 2016	268,893,534
Options exercised	545,458
Units issued	1,876,205
Units retired ⁽¹⁾	(5,601,111	)
Balance as of June 30, 2017	265,714,086

⁽¹⁾ Includes 30,400 AB Units purchased in private transactions and retired during the first six months of 2017.


15.	Debt

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, AB had $482.4 million and $513.0 million, respectively, in commercial paper outstanding with weighted average interest rates of approximately 1.3% and 0.9%, respectively. The commercial paper is short term in nature, and as such, recorded value is estimated to approximate fair value (and considered a Level 2 security in the fair value hierarchy). Average daily borrowings of commercial paper during the first six months of 2017 and the full year 2016 were $557.3 million and $422.9 million, respectively, with weighted average interest rates of approximately 1.0% and 0.6%, respectively.

AB has a $200.0 million, unsecured 364-day senior revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”) with a leading international bank and the other lending institutions that may be party thereto. The Revolver is available for AB's and SCB LLC's business purposes, including the provision of additional liquidity to meet funding requirements primarily related to SCB LLC's operations. Both AB and SCB LLC can draw directly under the Revolver and management expects to draw on the Revolver from time to time. AB has agreed to guarantee the obligations of SCB LLC under the Revolver. As of June 30, 2017, we had a loan outstanding of $30.0 million with a weighted average interest rate of approximately 2.2%. As of December 31, 2016, we had no amounts outstanding under the Revolver. Average daily borrowing of the Revolver during the first six months of 2017 and full year 2016 were $22.4 million and $7.3 million, respectively, with weighted average interest rates of approximately 1.8% and 1.6%, respectively.

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16.	Changes in Capital

Changes in capital during the six-month period ended June 30, 2017 were as follows:



	Partners’ Capital Attributable to AB Unitholders			Non-Controlling Interests In Consolidated Entities			Total Capital
	(in thousands)

Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	4,032,017		$	36,172		$	4,068,189
Comprehensive income:
Net income	275,040			9,610			284,650
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Unrealized gains on investments	8			—			8
Foreign currency translation adjustments	15,407			949			16,356
Changes in employee benefit related items	456			—			456
Comprehensive income	290,911			10,559			301,470

Distributions to General Partner and unitholders	(339,139		)	—			(339,139		)
Compensation-related transactions	(96,889		)	—			(96,889		)
Capital contributions to affiliates	(280		)	—			(280		)
Purchase of non-controlling interest	173			(2,006		)	(1,833		)
Distributions to non-controlling interests of our consolidated venture capital fund	—			(7,868		)	(7,868		)
Other	(679		)	—			(679		)
Balance as of June 30, 2017	$	3,886,114		$	36,857		$	3,922,971

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Changes in capital during the six-month period ended June 30, 2016 were as follows:



	Partners’ Capital Attributable to AB Unitholders			Non-Controlling Interests In Consolidated Entities			Total Capital
	(in thousands)

Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	3,992,748		$	24,473		$	4,017,221
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)	290,785			(6,953		)	283,832
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Unrealized (losses) on investments	(13		)	—			(13		)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	107			(5		)	102
Changes in employee benefit related items	(36		)	—			(36		)
Comprehensive income	290,843			(6,958		)	283,885

Distributions to General Partner and unitholders	(275,930		)	—			(275,930		)
Compensation-related transactions	(76,983		)	—			(76,983		)
Capital contributions from affiliates	(120		)	—			(120		)
Other	(337		)	—			(337		)
Balance as of June 30, 2016	$	3,930,221		$	17,515		$	3,947,736

We decreased our June 30, 2016 partners' capital attributable to AB Unitholders and total capital reported in prior periods by $43.0 million as a result of a financial statement revision in the third quarter of 2016. Please see Note 1 for further discussion.

During 2016, deferred taxes were not recognized on foreign currency translation adjustments for foreign subsidiaries which had earnings that were considered permanently invested outside the United States.


17.	Non-controlling Interests

Non-controlling interest in net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 consisted of the following:



	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016			2017		2016
	(in thousands)

Non-redeemable non-controlling interests:
Consolidated company-sponsored investment funds	$	7,930	$	(150	)	$	9,415	$	(7,153	)
Other	48		101			195		200
Total non-redeemable non-controlling interests	7,978		(49		)	9,610		(6,953		)
Redeemable non-controlling interests:
Consolidated company-sponsored investment funds	9,191		4,892			23,877		6,048
Total non-controlling interest in net income (loss)	$	17,169	$	4,843		$	33,487	$	(905	)

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Non-redeemable non-controlling interest as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:



	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(in thousands)

Consolidated company-sponsored investment funds	$	36,168	$	34,622
Other	689		1,550
Total non-redeemable non-controlling interest	$	36,857	$	36,172

Redeemable non-controlling interest as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following:



	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(in thousands)

Consolidated company-sponsored investment funds	$	335,440	$	384,294
CPH Capital Fondsmaeglerselskab A/S acquisition	8,664		8,665
Total redeemable non-controlling interest	$	344,104	$	392,959

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Executive Overview

Our total assets under management ("AUM") as of June 30, 2017 were $516.6 billion, up $18.7 billion, or 3.8%, compared to March 31, 2017, and up $27.1 billion, or 5.5%, compared to June 30, 2016. During the second quarter of 2017, AUM increased as a result of market appreciation of $14.0 billion and net inflows of $4.7 billion (primarily due to Retail net inflows of $3.2 billion). During the twelve months ended June 30, 2017, AUM increased as a result of market appreciation of $35.5 billion and new assets from our third quarter 2016 acquisition of Ramius Alternative Solutions LLC ($2.5 billion of AUM), offset by net outflows of $10.9 billion (primarily due to Institutional net outflows of $8.9 billion).

During the second quarter of 2017, we had net inflows of $6.6 billion in our actively managed investment services and net outflows of $1.9 billion in our passively managed investment services. During the twelve months ended June 30, 2017, we had net outflows of $4.8 billion and $6.1 billion in our actively and passively managed investment services, respectively.

Institutional AUM increased $8.0 billion, or 3.2%, to $252.9 billion during the second quarter of 2017, due to market appreciation of $6.8 billion and net inflows of $1.2 billion. Gross sales increased 59.7% sequentially from $2.5 billion during the first quarter of 2017 to $4.0 billion during the second quarter of 2017. Redemptions and terminations decreased 45.8% sequentially from $5.4 billion to $2.9 billion.

Retail AUM increased $8.4 billion, or 5.0%, to $177.3 billion during the second quarter of 2017, due to market appreciation of $5.2 billion and net inflows of $3.2 billion. Gross sales were flat sequentially. Redemptions and terminations decreased 13.1% sequentially from $10.2 billion during the first quarter of 2017 to $8.9 billion during the second quarter of 2017.

Private Wealth Management AUM increased $2.3 billion, or 2.9%, to $86.4 billion during the second quarter of 2017, due to market appreciation of $2.0 billion and net inflows of $0.3 billion. Gross sales were essentially flat sequentially. Redemptions and terminations decreased 6.6% sequentially from $2.8 billion during the first quarter of 2017 to $2.6 billion during the second quarter of 2017.

Bernstein Research Services revenue for the second quarter of 2017 was $109.5 million, down $5.6 million, or 4.9%, compared to the second quarter of 2016, due to a decline in our clients' trading activity in the U.S. and Europe, which offset an increase in client activity in Asia.

Net revenues for the second quarter of 2017 increased $76.5 million, or 10.5%, to $802.3 million from $725.8 million in the second quarter of 2016. The most significant contributors to the increase were higher base advisory fees of $40.2 million, higher investment gains of $21.8 million and higher performance-based fees of $13.9 million. Operating expenses for the second quarter of 2017 increased $56.6 million, or 9.7%, to $639.8 million from $583.2 million in the second quarter of 2016. The increase primarily was due to higher real estate charges of $23.5 million, higher employee compensation and benefits of $18.6 million, higher general and administrative expenses of $7.7 million and higher promotion and servicing expenses of $5.1 million. Our operating income increased $19.9 million, or 14.0%, to $162.5 million from $142.6 million; however our operating margin decreased to 18.1% in the second quarter of 2017 from 19.0% in the second quarter of 2016.

Market Environment

The second quarter of 2017 continued the momentum experienced during the first quarter. In the U.S., equity markets approached record highs during the second quarter, and fixed income risk assets, such as high yield and other credit instruments, continued their year-long rally. The U.S. Federal Reserve raised short-term interest rates in June by a quarter-point, its third-rate hike since December 2016, and in another vote of confidence in the U.S. economy, upgraded its forecast for both U.S. economic growth and unemployment this year.

Outside the U.S., economic growth varies throughout developed and emerging markets. EAFE (Europe, Asia and Far East) and emerging markets equities have earned the highest returns year-to-date - multiples of U.S. equity returns - as a result of improving corporate earnings, greater regulatory clarity, constructive outcomes of various European elections and stabilization in economic growth among the emerging markets. Despite this generally positive backdrop, uncertainty remains over issues such as the potential for rising inflation in the U.S. and the ongoing pace and degree of future interest rate hikes, the impact of Brexit, and ongoing concerns about geopolitics, commodities and the sustainability of growth in the emerging markets. Lastly, while the current environment of lower stock correlations, and the potential for disparate returns and higher volatility going forward bode well for active asset management - year-to-date 54% of U.S. active asset managers are outperforming benchmarks, up from a five-year

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average of 34% - the migration of active assets to passive assets continues apace, presenting a significant industry-wide challenge to organic growth.

Assets Under Management

Assets under management by distribution channel are as follows:



	As of June 30,
	2017		2016		$ Change		% Change
	(in billions)

Institutions	$	252.9	$	248.8	$	4.1	1.6	%
Retail	177.3		161.4		15.9		9.8
Private Wealth Management	86.4		79.3		7.1		9.0
Total	$	516.6	$	489.5	$	27.1	5.5

Assets under management by investment service are as follows:



	As of June 30,
	2017		2016		$ Change			% Change
	(in billions)
Equity
Actively Managed	$	124.5	$	109.2	$	15.3		13.9	%
Passively Managed⁽¹⁾	50.1		46.3		3.8			8.3
Total Equity	174.6		155.5		19.1			12.3

Fixed Income
Actively Managed
Taxable	236.6		229.4		7.2			3.1
Tax–exempt	39.2		37.1		2.1			5.6
	275.8		266.5		9.3			3.5

Passively Managed⁽¹⁾	9.9		11.9		(2.0		)	(16.7	)
Total Fixed Income	285.7		278.4		7.3			2.6

Other⁽²⁾
Actively Managed	55.8		55.3		0.5			0.9
Passively Managed⁽¹⁾	0.5		0.3		0.2			69.5
Total Other	56.3		55.6		0.7			1.4
Total	$	516.6	$	489.5	$	27.1		5.5

(1)Includes index and enhanced index services.

(2)Includes certain multi-asset solutions and services and certain alternative investments.

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Changes in assets under management for the three-month, six-month and twelve-month periods ended June 30, 2017 are as follows:



	Distribution Channel
	Institutions			Retail			Private Wealth Management			Total
	(in billions)

Balance as of March 31, 2017	$	244.9		$	168.9		$	84.1		$	497.9
Long-term flows:
Sales/new accounts	4.0			13.5			2.9			20.4
Redemptions/terminations	(2.9		)	(8.9		)	(2.6		)	(14.4		)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends	0.1			(1.4		)	—			(1.3		)
Net long-term inflows	1.2			3.2			0.3			4.7
Market appreciation	6.8			5.2			2.0			14.0
Net change	8.0			8.4			2.3			18.7
Balance as of June 30, 2017	$	252.9		$	177.3		$	86.4		$	516.6

Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	239.3		$	160.2		$	80.7		$	480.2
Long-term flows:
Sales/new accounts	6.5			27.0			5.9			39.4
Redemptions/terminations	(8.4		)	(19.1		)	(5.3		)	(32.8		)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends	1.1			(3.1		)	(0.1		)	(2.1		)
Net long-term (outflows) inflows	(0.8		)	4.8			0.5			4.5
Market appreciation	14.4			12.3			5.2			31.9
Net change	13.6			17.1			5.7			36.4
Balance as of June 30, 2017	$	252.9		$	177.3		$	86.4		$	516.6

Balance as of June 30, 2016	$	248.8		$	161.4		$	79.3		$	489.5
Long-term flows:
Sales/new accounts	18.4			49.7			10.6			78.7
Redemptions/terminations	(20.4		)	(45.3		)	(10.4		)	(76.1		)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends	(6.9		)	(6.1		)	(0.5		)	(13.5		)
Net long-term outflows	(8.9		)	(1.7		)	(0.3		)	(10.9		)
Acquisition	2.5			—			—			2.5
Transfers	—			0.1			(0.1		)	—
Market appreciation	10.5			17.5			7.5			35.5
Net change	4.1			15.9			7.1			27.1
Balance as of June 30, 2017	$	252.9		$	177.3		$	86.4		$	516.6

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	Investment Service
	Equity Actively Managed			Equity Passively Managed⁽¹⁾			Fixed Income Actively Managed - Taxable			Fixed Income Actively Managed - Tax- Exempt			Fixed Income Passively Managed⁽¹⁾			Other⁽²⁾			Total
	(in billions)

Balance as of March 31, 2017	$	118.8		$	48.9		$	228.1		$	37.8		$	11.1		$	53.2		$	497.9
Long-term flows:
Sales/new accounts	5.2			0.1			10.6			2.1			—			2.4			20.4
Redemptions/terminations	(4.3		)	(0.2		)	(6.4		)	(1.3		)	(1.4		)	(0.8		)	(14.4		)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends	(0.3		)	(0.4		)	(0.6		)	—			—			—			(1.3		)
Net long-term inflows (outflows)	0.6			(0.5		)	3.6			0.8			(1.4		)	1.6			4.7
Market appreciation	5.1			1.7			4.9			0.6			0.2			1.5			14.0
Net change	5.7			1.2			8.5			1.4			(1.2		)	3.1			18.7
Balance as of June 30, 2017	$	124.5		$	50.1		$	236.6		$	39.2		$	9.9		$	56.3		$	516.6

Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	111.9		$	48.1		$	220.9		$	36.9		$	11.1		$	51.3		$	480.2
Long-term flows:
Sales/new accounts	10.1			0.5			21.8			4.1			—			2.9			39.4
Redemptions/terminations	(9.1		)	(1.2		)	(16.3		)	(3.0		)	(1.5		)	(1.7		)	(32.8		)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends	(1.2		)	(1.8		)	0.7			—			—			0.2			(2.1		)
Net long-term (outflows) inflows	(0.2		)	(2.5		)	6.2			1.1			(1.5		)	1.4			4.5
Market appreciation	12.8			4.5			9.5			1.2			0.3			3.6			31.9
Net change	12.6			2.0			15.7			2.3			(1.2		)	5.0			36.4
Balance as of June 30, 2017	$	124.5		$	50.1		$	236.6		$	39.2		$	9.9		$	56.3		$	516.6

Index




Balance as of June 30, 2016	$	109.2		$	46.3		$	229.4		$	37.1		$	11.9		$	55.6		$	489.5
Long-term flows:
Sales/new accounts	17.6			0.7			47.0			8.2			0.2			5.0			78.7
Redemptions/terminations	(20.7		)	(1.8		)	(36.5		)	(5.8		)	(1.9		)	(9.4		)	(76.1		)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends	(3.0		)	(3.2		)	(4.6		)	(0.3		)	(0.3		)	(2.1		)	(13.5		)
Net long-term (outflows) inflows	(6.1		)	(4.3		)	5.9			2.1			(2.0		)	(6.5		)	(10.9		)
Acquisition	—			—			—			—			—			2.5			2.5
Market appreciation	21.4			8.1			1.3			—			—			4.7			35.5
Net change	15.3			3.8			7.2			2.1			(2.0		)	0.7			27.1
Balance as of June 30, 2017	$	124.5		$	50.1		$	236.6		$	39.2		$	9.9		$	56.3		$	516.6

(1)Includes index and enhanced index services.

(2)Includes certain multi-asset solutions and services and certain alternative investments.

Net long-term inflows (outflows) for actively managed investment services as compared to passively managed investment services for the three-month, six-month and twelve-month periods ended June 30, 2017 are as follows:



	Periods Ended June 30, 2017
	Three-months			Six-months			Twelve-months
	(in billions)
Actively Managed
Equity	$	0.6		$	(0.2	)	$	(6.1	)
Fixed Income	4.4			7.3			8.0
Other	1.6			1.4			(6.7		)
	6.6			8.5			(4.8		)
Passively Managed
Equity	(0.5		)	(2.5		)	(4.3		)
Fixed Income	(1.4		)	(1.5		)	(2.0		)
Other	—			—			0.2
	(1.9		)	(4.0		)	(6.1		)
Total net long-term inflows (outflows)	$	4.7		$	4.5		$	(10.9	)

Index

Average assets under management by distribution channel and investment service were as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016		$ Change			% Change		2017		2016		$ Change			% Change
	(in billions)									(in billions)
Distribution Channel:
Institutions	$	248.9	$	246.8	$	2.1		0.8	%	$	246.5	$	241.8	$	4.7		2.0	%
Retail	173.4		159.0		14.4			9.1		169.2		155.1		14.1			9.1
Private Wealth Management	85.4		78.7		6.7			8.4		83.9		77.5		6.4			8.3
Total	$	507.7	$	484.5	$	23.2		4.8		$	499.6	$	474.4	$	25.2		5.3

Investment Service:
Equity Actively Managed	$	121.8	$	110.0	$	11.8		10.7	%	$	118.8	$	108.2	$	10.6		9.8	%
Equity Passively Managed⁽¹⁾	49.7		46.2		3.5			7.6		49.2		45.2		4.0			8.8
Fixed Income Actively Managed – Taxable	232.9		222.9		10.0			4.5		229.6		216.9		12.7			5.8
Fixed Income Actively Managed – Tax-exempt	38.5		35.9		2.6			7.1		37.9		35.1		2.8			8.0
Fixed Income Passively Managed⁽¹⁾	10.2		11.1		(0.9		)	(7.5	)	10.6		10.7		(0.1		)	(0.9	)
Other ⁽²⁾	54.6		58.4		(3.8		)	(6.6	)	53.5		58.3		(4.8		)	(8.1	)
Total	$	507.7	$	484.5	$	23.2		4.8		$	499.6	$	474.4	$	25.2		5.3

(1)Includes index and enhanced index services.

(2)Includes certain multi-asset solutions and services and certain alternative investments.

Our Institutional channel second quarter average AUM of $248.9 billion increased $2.1 billion, or 0.8%, compared to the second quarter of 2016, primarily due to our Institutional AUM increasing $4.1 billion, or 1.6%, to $252.9 billion over the last twelve months. The $4.1 billion increase in AUM primarily resulted from market appreciation of $10.5 billion and new assets from our 2016 acquisition of $2.5 billion, offset by net outflows of $8.9 billion.

Our Retail channel second quarter average AUM of $173.4 billion increased $14.4 billion, or 9.1%, compared to the second quarter of 2016, primarily due to our Retail AUM increasing $15.9 billion, or 9.8%, to $177.3 billion over the last twelve months. The $15.9 billion increase in AUM primarily resulted from market appreciation of $17.5 billion, offset by net outflows of $1.7 billion.

Our Private Wealth Management channel second quarter average AUM of $85.4 billion increased $6.7 billion, or 8.4%, compared to the second quarter of 2016, primarily due to our Private Wealth Management AUM increasing $7.1 billion, or 9.0%, to $86.4 billion over the last twelve months. The $7.1 billion increase in AUM primarily resulted from market appreciation of $7.5 billion, offset by net outflows of $0.3 billion.

Index

Absolute investment composite returns, gross of fees, and relative performance as of June 30, 2017 compared to benchmarks for certain representative Institutional equity and fixed income services are as follows:



	1-Year		3-Year		5-Year
Global High Income - Hedged (fixed income)
Absolute return	13.2	%	5.1	%	7.8	%
Relative return (vs. Bloomberg Barclays Global High Yield Index - Hedged)	1.3		(0.2	)	—
U.S. High Yield (fixed income)
Absolute return	11.6		4.3		7.4
Relative return (vs. Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Corp. High Yield Index)	(1.1	)	(0.2	)	0.6
Global Plus - Hedged (fixed income)
Absolute return	1.7		4.0		4.1
Relative return (vs. Bloomberg Barclays Global Aggregate Index - Hedged)	2.1		0.8		0.8
Intermediate Municipal Bonds (fixed income)
Absolute return	—		2.5		2.3
Relative return (vs. Lipper Short/Int. Blended Muni Fund Avg)	0.4		0.9		0.7
U.S. Strategic Core Plus (fixed income)
Absolute return	1.5		3.5		3.4
Relative return (vs. Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Index)	1.8		1.0		1.2
Emerging Market Debt (fixed income)
Absolute return	9.0		4.9		5.7
Relative return (vs. JPM EMBI Global/JPM EMBI)	3.5		0.2		0.5
Emerging Markets Value
Absolute return	25.7		1.4		3.9
Relative return (vs. MSCI EM Index)	2.0		0.3		(0.1	)
Global Strategic Value
Absolute return	23.2		5.2		13.9
Relative return (vs. MSCI ACWI Index)	4.4		0.4		3.4
U.S. Small & Mid Cap Value
Absolute return	21.3		7.3		15.8
Relative return (vs. Russell 2500 Value Index)	3.0		1.1		2.2
U.S. Strategic Value
Absolute return	14.8		4.0		13.3
Relative return (vs. Russell 1000 Value Index)	(0.7	)	(3.3	)	(0.7	)
U.S. Small Cap Growth
Absolute return	29.7		7.0		13.8
Relative return (vs. Russell 2000 Growth Index)	5.3		(0.7	)	(0.2	)
U.S. Large Cap Growth
Absolute return	23.6		14.3		18.3
Relative return (vs. Russell 1000 Growth Index)	3.2		3.2		3.0
U.S. Small & Mid Cap Growth
Absolute return	25.1		7.3		13.5
Relative return (vs. Russell 2500 Growth Index)	3.7		(0.4	)	(0.8	)
Concentrated U.S. Growth
Absolute return	28.4		11.3		16.6
Relative return (vs. S&P 500 Index)	10.5		1.7		2.0
Select U.S. Equity
Absolute return	17.7		9.7		14.8
Relative return (vs. S&P 500 Index)	(0.2	)	0.1		0.1
Strategic Equities
Absolute return	16.3		9.5		14.3
Relative return (vs. Russell 3000 Index)	(2.2	)	0.4		(0.3	)
Global Core Equity
Absolute return	23.2		6.7		13.0
Relative return (vs. MSCI ACWI Index)	4.4		1.8		2.5

Index

Consolidated Results of Operations



	Three Months Ended June 30,											Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			$ Change			% Change		2017			2016			$ Change			% Change
	(in thousands, except per unit amounts)											(in thousands, except per unit amounts)

Net revenues	$	802,313		$	725,806		$	76,507		10.5	%	$	1,567,230		$	1,494,932		$	72,298		4.8	%
Expenses	639,776			583,231			56,545			9.7		1,238,381			1,179,315			59,066			5.0
Operating income	162,537			142,575			19,962			14.0		328,849			315,617			13,232			4.2
Income taxes	10,265			13,231			(2,966		)	(22.4	)	20,322			25,737			(5,415		)	(21.0	)
Net income	152,272			129,344			22,928			17.7		308,527			289,880			18,647			6.4
Net income (loss) of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	17,169			4,843			12,326			254.5		33,487			(905		)	34,392			n/m
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders	$	135,103		$	124,501		$	10,602		8.5		$	275,040		$	290,785		$	(15,745	)	(5.4	)

Diluted net income per AB Unit	$	0.50		$	0.46		$	0.04		8.7		$	1.01		$	1.06		$	(0.05	)	(4.7	)

Distributions per AB Unit	$	0.56		$	0.46		$	0.10		21.7		$	1.08		$	0.91		$	0.17		18.7

Operating margin ⁽¹⁾	18.1		%	19.0		%						18.8		%	21.2		%

(1)Operating income excluding net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests as a percentage of net revenues.

Net income attributable to AB Unitholders for the three months ended June 30, 2017 increased $10.6 million, or 8.5%, from the three months ended June 30, 2016. The increase resulted from (in millions):



Higher base advisory fees	$	40.2
Higher investment gains	21.8
Higher performance-based fees	13.9
Higher real estate charges	(23.5		)
Higher employee compensation and benefits	(18.6		)
Higher net income of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	(12.3		)
Higher other general and administrative expenses	(7.7		)
Higher promotion and servicing expenses	(5.1		)
Other	1.9
	$	10.6

Index

Net income attributable to AB Unitholders for the six months ended June 30, 2017 decreased $15.7 million, or 5.4%, from the six months ended June 30, 2016. The decrease resulted from (in millons):



Higher employee compensation and benefits	$	(38.4	)
Net income in the current year compared to net loss in the prior year of consolidate entities attributable to non-controlling interest	(34.4		)
Lower investment gains	(18.5		)
Lower Bernstein Research Services revenue	(19.3		)
Higher other general and administrative expenses	(16.0		)
Higher base advisory fees	81.6
Higher performance-based fees	19.4
Lower income tax expense	5.4
Lower real estate charges	4.0
Other	0.5
	$	(15.7	)

Revision

Real Estate Charges

During the first six months of 2017, we recorded pre-tax real estate charges of $20.7 million, resulting from new charges of $21.5 million primarily relating to the further consolidation of office space at our New York offices, offset by changes in estimates related to previously recorded real estate charges of $0.8 million. During the first six months of 2016, we recorded pre-tax real estate charges of $24.8 million, resulting from new charges of $26.7 million relating to the further consolidation of office space at our New York offices, offset by changes in estimates related to previously recorded real estate charges of $1.9 million.

Units Outstanding

Cash Distributions

AB is required to distribute all of its Available Cash Flow, as defined in the AB Partnership Agreement, to its Unitholders and to the General Partner. Available Cash Flow typically is the adjusted diluted net income per unit for the quarter multiplied by the number of general and limited partnership interests at the end of the quarter. In future periods, management anticipates that Available

Index

Cash Flow will continue to be based on adjusted diluted net income per unit, unless management determines, with the concurrence of the Board of Directors, that one or more adjustments that are made for adjusted net income should not be made with respect to the Available Cash Flow calculation. See Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1 for a description of Available Cash Flow.

Management Operating Metrics

We are providing the non-GAAP measures “adjusted net revenues”, “adjusted operating income” and “adjusted operating margin” because they are the principal operating metrics management uses in evaluating and comparing period-to-period operating performance. Management principally uses these metrics in evaluating performance because they present a clearer picture of our operating performance and allow management to see long-term trends without the distortion primarily caused by long-term incentive compensation-related mark-to-market adjustments, real estate consolidation charges and other adjustment items. Similarly, we believe that these management operating metrics help investors better understand the underlying trends in our results and, accordingly, provide a valuable perspective for investors.

These non-GAAP measures are provided in addition to, and not as substitutes for, net revenues, operating income and operating margin, and they may not be comparable to non-GAAP measures presented by other companies. Management uses both accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and non-GAAP measures in evaluating our financial performance. The non-GAAP measures alone may pose limitations because they do not include all of our revenues and expenses.



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
	(in thousands)

Net revenues, US GAAP basis	$	802,313		$	725,806		$	1,567,230		$	1,494,932
Adjustments:
Long-term incentive compensation-related investment (gains) losses	(1,926		)	(792		)	(4,905		)	535
Long-term incentive compensation-related dividends and interest	(150		)	(142		)	(309		)	(293		)
Distribution-related payments	(102,756		)	(93,217		)	(199,123		)	(180,344		)
Amortization of deferred sales commissions	(8,307		)	(10,577		)	(17,386		)	(21,819		)
Pass-through fees and expenses	(9,701		)	(11,708		)	(20,108		)	(23,359		)
Gain on sale of investment carried at cost	—			—			—			(75,273		)
Gain on sale of software technology	(4,231		)	—			(4,231		)	—
Impact of consolidated company-sponsored funds	(25,701		)	(5,471		)	(47,855		)	(414		)
Adjusted net revenues	$	649,541		$	603,899		$	1,273,313		$	1,193,965

Operating income, US GAAP basis	$	162,537		$	142,575		$	328,849		$	315,617
Adjustments:
Long-term incentive compensation-related items	417			(354		)	484			609
Gain on sale of investment carried at cost	—			—			—			(75,273		)
Gain on sale of software technology	(4,231		)	—			(4,231		)	—
Acquisition-related expenses	25			239			550			239
Real estate (credits) charges	20,747			(2,801		)	20,745			24,785
Sub-total of non-GAAP adjustments	16,958			(2,916		)	17,548			(49,640		)
Less: Net income (loss) of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests	17,169			4,843			33,487			(905		)
Adjusted operating income	$	162,326		$	134,816		$	312,910		$	266,882

Adjusted operating margin	25.0		%	22.3		%	24.6		%	22.4		%

Index

Adjusted operating income for the three months ended June 30, 2017 increased $27.5 million, or 20.4%, from the three months ended June 30, 2016, primarily due to higher investment advisory base fees of $41.2 million and higher performance-based fees of $13.9 million, offset by higher employee compensation expense (excluding the impact of long-term incentive compensation-related items) of $16.7 million and lower Bernstein Research Services revenue of $5.6 million. Adjusted operating income for the six months ended June 30, 2017 increased $46.0 million, or 17.2%, from the six months ended June 30, 2016, primarily due to higher investment advisory base fees of $82.8 million and higher performance-based fees of $19.4 million, offset by higher employee compensation expense (excluding the impact of long-term incentive compensation-related items) of $32.5 million and lower Bernstein Research Services revenue of $19.3 million.

Adjusted Net Revenues

Adjusted net revenues exclude investment gains and losses and dividends and interest on employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments. In addition, adjusted net revenues offset distribution-related payments to third parties as well as amortization of deferred sales commissions against distribution revenues. We believe offsetting net revenues by distribution-related payments is useful for our investors and other users of our financial statements because such presentation appropriately reflects the nature of these costs as pass-through payments to third parties who perform functions on behalf of our sponsored mutual funds and/or shareholders of these funds. We offset amortization of deferred sales commissions against net revenues because such costs, over time, essentially offset our distribution revenues. We also exclude additional pass-through expenses we incur (primarily through our transfer agency) that are reimbursed and recorded as fees in revenues. These fees do not affect operating income, but they do affect our operating margin. As such, we exclude these fees from adjusted net revenues.

We adjust for the revenue impact of consolidating company-sponsored investment funds by eliminating the consolidated company-sponsored investment funds' revenues and including AB's fees from such consolidated company-sponsored investment funds and AB's investment gains and losses on its investments in such consolidated company-sponsored investment funds that were eliminated in consolidation. Lastly, in the second quarter of 2017 we excluded a realized gain of $4.2 million on the exchange of software technology for an ownership stake in a third party provider of financial market data and trading tools and in the first quarter of 2016 we excluded a realized gain of $75.3 million resulting from the liquidation of an investment in Jasper Wireless Technologies, Inc. ("Jasper"), which was acquired by Cisco Systems, Inc., because these transactions are not part of our core operating results.

Adjusted Operating Income

Adjusted operating income represents operating income on a US GAAP basis excluding (1) the impact on net revenues and compensation expense of the investment gains and losses (as well as the dividends and interest) associated with employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments, (2) the gain on the sale of our investment in Jasper during 2016, (3) the gain on the sale of software technology during 2017 (4) real estate charges (credits), (5) acquisition-related expenses, and (6) the impact of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds.

Prior to 2009, a significant portion of employee compensation was in the form of long-term incentive compensation awards that were notionally invested in AB investment services and generally vested over a period of four years. AB economically hedged the exposure to market movements by purchasing and holding these investments on its balance sheet. All such investments had vested as of year-end 2012 and the investments have been delivered to the participants, except for those investments with respect to which the participant elected a long-term deferral. Fluctuation in the value of these investments is recorded within investment gains and losses on the income statement and also impacts compensation expense. Management believes it is useful to reflect the offset achieved from economically hedging the market exposure of these investments in the calculation of adjusted operating income and adjusted operating margin. The non-GAAP measures exclude gains and losses and dividends and interest on employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments included in revenues and compensation expense.

A realized gain on the liquidation of our Jasper investment during 2016 has been excluded due to its non-recurring nature and because it is not part of our core operating results.

A realized gain on the exchange of software technology for an ownership stake in a third party company during 2017 has been excluded due to its non-recurring nature and because it is not part of our core operating results.

Real estate charges (credits) have been excluded because they are not considered part of our core operating results when comparing financial results from period to period and to industry peers.

Acquisition-related expenses have been excluded because they are not considered part of our core operating results when comparing financial results from period to period and to industry peers.

Index

We adjusted for the operating income impact of consolidating certain company-sponsored investment funds by eliminating the consolidated company-sponsored funds' revenues and expenses and including AB's revenues and expenses that were eliminated in consolidation. We also excluded the limited partner interests we do not own.

Adjusted Operating Margin

Adjusted operating margin allows us to monitor our financial performance and efficiency from period to period without the volatility noted above in our discussion of adjusted operating income and to compare our performance to industry peers on a basis that better reflects our performance in our core business. Adjusted operating margin is derived by dividing adjusted operating income by adjusted net revenues.

Index

Net Revenues

The components of net revenues are as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016		$ Change			% Change		2017		2016		$ Change			% Change
	(in thousands)									(in thousands)
Investment advisory and services fees:
Institutions:
Base fees	$	107,089	$	101,248	$	5,841		5.8	%	$	209,498	$	198,228	$	11,270		5.7	%
Performance-based fees	2,452		511		1,941			379.8		6,678		1,025		5,653			551.5
	109,541		101,759		7,782			7.6		216,176		199,253		16,923			8.5
Retail:
Base fees	224,182		201,735		22,447			11.1		433,279		391,703		41,576			10.6
Performance-based fees	11,818		2		11,816			n/m		13,423		2		13,421			n/m
	236,000		201,737		34,263			17.0		446,702		391,705		54,997			14.0
Private Wealth Management:
Base fees	185,214		173,323		11,891			6.9		365,884		337,166		28,718			8.5
Performance-based fees	408		231		177			76.6		691		339		352			103.8
	185,622		173,554		12,068			7.0		366,575		337,505		29,070			8.6
Total:
Base fees	516,485		476,306		40,179			8.4		1,008,661		927,097		81,564			8.8
Performance-based fees	14,678		744		13,934			1,872.8		20,792		1,366		19,426			1,422.1
	531,163		477,050		54,113			11.3		1,029,453		928,463		100,990			10.9

Bernstein Research Services	109,470		115,053		(5,583		)	(4.9	)	222,211		241,518		(19,307		)	(8.0	)
Distribution revenues	100,149		97,321		2,828			2.9		196,703		190,013		6,690			3.5
Dividend and interest income	19,348		10,147		9,201			90.7		33,404		20,220		13,184			65.2
Investment gains (losses)	24,113		2,276		21,837			959.4		49,314		67,863		(18,549		)	(27.3	)
Other revenues	24,265		25,833		(1,568		)	(6.1	)	46,630		50,804		(4,174		)	(8.2	)
Total revenues	808,508		727,680		80,828			11.1		1,577,715		1,498,881		78,834			5.3
Less: Interest expense	6,195		1,874		4,321			230.6		10,485		3,949		6,536			165.5
Net revenues	$	802,313	$	725,806	$	76,507		10.5		$	1,567,230	$	1,494,932	$	72,298		4.8

Investment Advisory and Services Fees

Investment advisory and services fees are the largest component of our revenues. These fees generally are calculated as a percentage of the value of AUM as of a specified date, or as a percentage of the value of average AUM for the applicable billing period, and vary with the type of investment service, the size of account and the total amount of assets we manage for a particular client.

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Accordingly, fee income generally increases or decreases as AUM increase or decrease and is affected by market appreciation or depreciation, the addition of new client accounts or client contributions of additional assets to existing accounts, withdrawals of assets from and termination of client accounts, purchases and redemptions of mutual fund shares, shifts of assets between accounts or products with different fee structures, and acquisitions. Our average basis points realized (investment advisory and services fees divided by average AUM) generally approximate 50 to 110 basis points for actively-managed equity services, 15 to 60 basis points for actively-managed fixed income services and 5 to 20 basis points for passively-managed services. Average basis points realized for other services could range from 5 basis points for certain Institutional asset allocation services to over 100 basis points for certain Retail and Private Wealth Management alternative services. These ranges include all-inclusive fee arrangements (covering investment management, trade execution and other services) for our Private Wealth Management clients.

We calculate AUM using established market-based valuation methods and fair valuation (non-observable market) methods. Market-based valuation methods include: last sale/settle prices from an exchange for actively-traded listed equities, options and futures; evaluated bid prices from recognized pricing vendors for fixed income, asset-backed or mortgage-backed issues; mid prices from recognized pricing vendors and brokers for credit default swaps; and quoted bids or spreads from pricing vendors and brokers for other derivative products. Fair valuation methods include: discounted cash flow models, evaluation of assets versus liabilities or any other methodology that is validated and approved by our Valuation Committee (see paragraph immediately below for more information regarding our Valuation Committee). Fair valuation methods are used only where AUM cannot be valued using market-based valuation methods, such as in the case of private equity or illiquid securities.

The Valuation Committee, which consists of senior officers and employees, is responsible for overseeing the pricing and valuation of all investments held in client and AB portfolios. The Valuation Committee has adopted a Statement of Pricing Policies describing principles and policies that apply to pricing and valuing investments held in these portfolios. We also have a Pricing Group, which reports to the Valuation Committee and is responsible for overseeing the pricing process for all investments.

We sometimes charge our clients performance-based fees. In these situations, we charge a base advisory fee and are eligible to earn an additional performance-based fee or incentive allocation that is calculated as either a percentage of absolute investment results or a percentage of investment results in excess of a stated benchmark over a specified period of time. Some performance-based fees include a high-watermark provision, which generally provides that if a client account underperforms relative to its performance target (whether absolute or relative to a specified benchmark), it must gain back such underperformance before we can collect future performance-based fees. Therefore, if we fail to achieve our performance target for a particular period, we will not earn a performance-based fee for that period and, for accounts with a high-watermark provision, our ability to earn future performance-based fees will be impaired. We are eligible to earn performance-based fees on 7.0%, 3.8% and 0.8% of the assets we manage for institutional clients, private wealth clients and retail clients, respectively (in total, 4.3% of our AUM).

During 2016 and 2017, we received carried interest distributions of $72.5 million, as general partner of our real estate fund ($66.6 million) and as investment advisor to a middle market lending fund ($5.9 million). In accordance with our revenue recognition policies, we did not recognize these carried interest distributions as performance fee revenues, instead recording a deferred revenue liability, because the distributions are subject to claw-back provisions. We will recognize the distribution as revenues when the potential claw-back obligations are mathematically remote, which may not occur until at or near termination of the real estate fund. In addition, we have revenue-sharing arrangements whereby certain employees are entitled to a share of carried interest proceeds distributed by certain funds, including the real estate fund. As such, we distributed $33.2 million of these carried interest proceeds to certain real estate fund employees. We have recorded this payment, which, like our carried interest distribution, is subject to claw-back provisions, as an advance to employees and will recognize it as compensation expense in the period in which the applicable revenue is recognized.

For the three months ended June 30, 2017, our investment advisory and services fees increased by $54.1 million, or 11.3%, from the three months ended June 30, 2016, primarily due to a $40.2 million, or 8.4%, increase in base fees, which primarily resulted from a 4.8% increase in average AUM and the impact of a shift in distribution channel mix from Institutions to Retail and Private Wealth Management, which generally have higher fees. In addition, performance-based fees increased by $13.9 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, our investment advisory and services fees increased by $101.0 million, or 10.9%, from the six months ended June 30, 2016, primarily due to an $81.6 million, or 8.8%, increase in base fees, which primarily resulted from a 5.3% increase in average AUM and the impact of a shift in distribution channel mix from Institutions to Retail and Private Wealth Management, which generally have higher fees. In addition, performance-based fees increased by $19.4 million.

Institutional investment advisory and services fees for the three months ended June 30, 2017 increased by $7.8 million, or 7.6%, from the three months ended June 30, 2016, primarily due to a $5.8 million, or 5.8%, increase in base fees, which primarily resulted from a 0.8% increase in average AUM and the impact of a shift in product mix into active equities, which generally have higher fees. Institutional investment advisory and services fees for the six months ended June 30, 2017 increased by $16.9 million, or 8.5%, from the six months ended June 30, 2016, primarily due to an $11.3 million, or 5.7%, increase in base fees, which primarily

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resulted from a 2.0% increase in average AUM and the impact of a shift in product mix into active equities, which generally have higher fees. In addition, performance-based fees increased by $5.6 million.

Retail investment advisory and services fees for the three months ended June 30, 2017 increased by $34.3 million, or 17.0%, from the three months ended June 30, 2016, due to an increase in base fees of $22.5 million, or 11.1%, primarily resulting from a 9.1% increase in average AUM. In addition, performance-based fees increased by $11.8 million. Retail investment advisory and services fees for the six months ended June 30, 2017 increased by $55.0 million, or 14.0%, from the six months ended June 30, 2016, due to an increase in base fees of $41.6 million, or 10.6%, primarily resulting from a 9.1% increase in average AUM. In addition, performance-based fees increased by $13.4 million.

Private Wealth Management investment advisory and services fees for the three months ended June 30, 2017 increased by $12.1 million, or 7.0%, from the three months ended June 30, 2016, due to an increase in base fees of $11.9 million, or 6.9%, primarily resulting from an 8.4% increase in average AUM. Private Wealth Management investment advisory and services fees for the six months ended June 30, 2017 increased by $29.1 million, or 8.6%, from the six months ended June 30, 2016, due to an increase in base fees of $28.7 million, or 8.5%, primarily resulting from an 8.3% increase in average AUM.

Bernstein Research Services

Bernstein Research Services revenue consists principally of equity commissions received for providing equity research and brokerage-related services to institutional investors.

Revenues from Bernstein Research Services for the three months ended June 30, 2017 decreased $5.6 million, or 4.9%, compared to the corresponding period in 2016, due to a decline in our clients' trading activity in the U.S. and Europe, which offset an increase in client trading activity in Asia. Revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2017 decreased $19.3 million, or 8.0%, compared to the corresponding period in 2016, primarily due to a decline in our client's trading activity in the U.S.

Distribution Revenues

Two of our subsidiaries act as distributors and/or placing agents of company-sponsored mutual funds and receive distribution services fees from certain of those funds as partial reimbursement of the distribution expenses they incur. Period-over-period fluctuations of distribution revenues typically are in line with fluctuations of the corresponding average AUM of these mutual funds.

Distribution revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 increased $2.8 million, or 2.9%, and $6.7 million, or 3.5%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2016, primarily due to the corresponding average AUM of these mutual funds increasing 6.1% and 6.5%, respectively, offset by the impact of a shift in product mix. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, average AUM of non B-share and non C-share mutual funds (which have lower distribution fee rates than B-share and C-share mutual funds) increased 8.7%, while average AUM of B-share and C-share mutual funds decreased by 12.4%. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, average AUM of non B-share and non C-share mutual funds increased 8.5%, while average AUM of B-share and C-share mutual funds decreased 7.5%.

Dividend and Interest Income and Interest Expense

Dividend and interest income consists of investment income and interest earned on customer margin balances and U.S. Treasury Bills as well as dividend and interest income in our consolidated company-sponsored investment funds. Interest expense principally reflects interest accrued on cash balances in customers’ brokerage accounts. Dividend and interest income, net of interest expense, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 increased $4.9 million, or 59.0%, and $6.6 million, or 40.9%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2016, primarily due to higher dividend and interest income in our consolidated company-sponsored investment funds.

Investment Gains (Losses)

Investment gains (losses) consist primarily of realized and unrealized investment gains or losses on: (i) employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments, (ii) U.S. Treasury Bills, (iii) market-making in exchange-traded options and equities, (iv) seed capital investments, (v) derivatives and (vi) investments in our consolidated company-sponsored investment funds. Investments gains (losses) also include equity in earnings of proprietary investments in limited partnership hedge funds that we sponsor and manage.

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Investment gains (losses) are as follows:



		Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
		2017			2016			2017			2016
	(in thousands)
Long-term incentive compensation-related investments
Realized gains (losses)		$	36		$	203		$	1,773		$	1,141
Unrealized gains (losses)		1,890			588			3,132			(1,676		)

Investments held by consolidated company-sponsored funds
Realized gains (losses)		31,013			(790		)	28,381			(328		)
Unrealized gains (losses)		(8,284		)	5,433			18,550			(2,599		)

Seed capital investments
Realized gains (losses)
Seed capital		20,258			(827		)	20,895			65,255
Derivatives		(8,277		)	(8,886		)	(15,455		)	(6,047		)
Unrealized gains (losses)
Seed capital		(13,811		)	3,395			(5,960		)	16,589
Derivatives		2,890			3,834			572			(2,562		)

Brokerage-related investments
Realized gains (losses)		(1,450		)	(740		)	(2,448		)	(2,096		)
Unrealized gains (losses)		(152		)	66			(126		)	186
		$	24,113		$	2,276		$	49,314		$	67,863

During the second quarter of 2017, we realized a gain of $4.2 million on the exchange of software technology for an ownership stake in a third party provider of financial market data and trading tools.

During the first quarter of 2016, we sold our investment in Jasper, a company in which we owned a 7.6% equity interest. We expect to receive a total of $85.5 million in cash, subject to final transaction costs and working capital adjustments. During March 2016, the transaction closed and we received $74.8 million in cash, recorded a $10.7 million receivable for the balance retained in escrow for 18 months and recorded an investment gain of $75.3 million.

Other Revenues

Other revenues consist of fees earned for transfer agency services provided to company-sponsored mutual funds, fees earned for administration and recordkeeping services provided to company-sponsored mutual funds and the general accounts of AXA and its subsidiaries, and other miscellaneous revenues. Other revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 decreased $1.6 million, or 6.1%, and $4.2 million, or 8.2%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2016, primarily due to lower shareholder servicing fees.

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Expenses

The components of expenses are as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,										Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016			$ Change			% Change		2017		2016		$ Change			% Change
											(in thousands)

Employee compensation and benefits	$	327,862	$	309,249		$	18,613		6.0	%	$	649,610	$	611,260	$	38,350		6.3	%
Promotion and servicing:
Distribution-related payments	102,756		93,217			9,539			10.2		199,123		180,344		18,779			10.4
Amortization of deferred sales commissions	8,307		10,577			(2,270		)	(21.5	)	17,386		21,819		(4,433		)	(20.3	)
Trade execution, marketing, T&E and other	53,235		55,357			(2,122		)	(3.8	)	101,449		109,558		(8,109		)	(7.4	)
	164,298		159,151			5,147			3.2		317,958		311,721		6,237			2.0
General and administrative:
General and administrative	117,462		109,757			7,705			7.0		231,683		215,680		16,003			7.4
Real estate charges (credits)	20,747		(2,801		)	23,548			n/m		20,745		24,785		(4,040		)	(16.3	)
	138,209		106,956			31,253			29.2		252,428		240,465		11,963			5.0
Contingent payment arrangements	178		353			(175		)	(49.6	)	355		706		(351		)	(49.7	)
Interest	2,254		1,052			1,202			114.3		4,122		2,284		1,838			80.5
Amortization of intangible assets	6,975		6,470			505			7.8		13,908		12,879		1,029			8.0
Total	$	639,776	$	583,231		$	56,545		9.7		$	1,238,381	$	1,179,315	$	59,066		5.0

Employee Compensation and Benefits

Employee compensation and benefits consist of base compensation (including salaries and severance), annual short-term incentive compensation awards (cash bonuses), annual long-term incentive compensation awards, commissions, fringe benefits and other employment costs (including recruitment, training, temporary help and meals).

Compensation expense as a percentage of net revenues was 40.9% and 42.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Compensation expense as a percentage of net revenues was 41.4% and 40.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Compensation expense generally is determined on a discretionary basis and is primarily a function of our firm’s current-year financial performance. The amounts of incentive compensation we award are designed to motivate, reward and retain top talent while aligning our executives' interests with the interests of our Unitholders. Senior management, with the approval of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of AllianceBernstein Corporation (“Compensation Committee”), periodically confirms that the appropriate metric to consider in determining the amount of incentive compensation is the ratio of adjusted employee compensation and benefits expense to adjusted net revenues. Adjusted net revenues used in the adjusted compensation ratio are the same as the adjusted net revenues presented as a non-GAAP measure (discussed earlier in this MD&A). Adjusted employee compensation and benefits expense is total employee compensation and benefits expense minus other employment costs such as recruitment, training, temporary help and meals (which was 1.1% of adjusted net revenues for

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each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, and were 1.1% and 1.2%, respectively, of adjusted net revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016), and excludes the impact of mark-to-market vesting expense, as well as dividends and interest expense, associated with employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments. Senior management, with the approval of the Compensation Committee, has established as an objective that adjusted employee compensation and benefits expense generally should not exceed 50% of our adjusted net revenues, except in unexpected or unusual circumstances. Our ratio of adjusted compensation expense as a percentage of adjusted net revenues was 49.0% and 49.5%, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017. Our ratio of adjusted compensation expense as a percentage of adjusted net revenues was 50.0% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.

For the three months ended June 30, 2017, employee compensation and benefits expense increased $18.6 million, or 6.0%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2016, primarily due to higher base compensation of $17.3 million, which resulted from higher severance. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, employee compensation and benefits expense increased $38.4 million, or 6.3%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016, primarily due to higher incentive compensation of $27.1 million, higher base compensation of $6.9 million, which resulted from higher severance, and higher commissions of $2.8 million.

Promotion and Servicing

Promotion and servicing expenses include distribution-related payments to financial intermediaries for distribution of AB mutual funds and amortization of deferred sales commissions paid to financial intermediaries for the sale of back-end load shares of AB mutual funds. Also included in this expense category are costs related to travel and entertainment, advertising and promotional materials.

Promotion and servicing expenses increased $5.1 million, or 3.2%, during the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2016. The increase primarily was due to higher distribution-related payments of $9.5 million, offset by lower amortization of deferred sales commissions of $2.3 million and lower transfer fees of $1.6 million. Promotion and servicing expenses increased $6.2 million, or 2.0%, during the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. The increase primarily was due to higher distribution-related payments of $18.8 million, offset by lower amortization of deferred sales commissions of $4.4 million, lower transfer fees of $3.4 million, lower travel and entertainment of $1.7 million, lower marketing costs of $1.6 million, and lower trade execution and clearing costs of $1.5 million.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses include portfolio services expenses, technology expenses, professional fees and office-related expenses (occupancy, communications and similar expenses). General and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues were 17.2% (14.6% excluding real estate charges) and 14.7% (15.1% excluding real estate charges) for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. General and administrative expenses increased $31.3 million, or 29.2%, during the second quarter of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to higher real estate charges of $23.5 million and higher expenses related to our consolidated company-sponsored investment funds of $7.3 million. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues were 16.1% (14.8% excluding real estate charges) and 16.1% (14.4% excluding real estate charges) for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. General and administrative expenses increased $12.0 million, or 5.0%, during the first six months of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to higher expenses related to our consolidated company-sponsored investment funds of $13.1 million and higher professional fees of $2.5 million, offset by lower real estate charges of $4.0 million.

Contingent Payment Arrangements

Contingent payment arrangements reflect changes in estimates of contingent payment liabilities associated with acquisitions in previous periods, as well as accretion expense of these liabilities. There were no changes in estimates during the first six months of 2017 and 2016.

Income Taxes

AB, a private limited partnership, is not subject to federal or state corporate income taxes, but is subject to a 4.0% New York City unincorporated business tax (“UBT”). Our domestic corporate subsidiaries are subject to federal, state and local income taxes and generally are included in the filing of a consolidated federal income tax return. Separate state and local income tax returns also are filed. Foreign corporate subsidiaries generally are subject to taxes in the jurisdictions where they are located.

Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2017 decreased $3.0 million, or 22.4%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2016. The decrease is due to a lower effective tax rate in the current quarter of 6.3% compared to 9.3% in the

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second quarter of 2016 (7.4% prior to the Section 956 revision previously discussed). Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2017 decreased $5.4 million, or 21.0%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. The decrease is due to a lower effective tax rate in the first six months of 2017 of 6.2%, compared to 8.2% in the first six months of 2016 (6.5% prior to the Section 956 revision previously discussed). In both periods the lower effective tax rate was driven by a favorable mix of earnings across the AB tax filing groups and the effect of foreign operations. There were no material changes to uncertain tax positions or valuation allowances against deferred tax assets during the quarter.

Net Income (Loss) of Consolidated Entities Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests

Net income (loss) of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests primarily consists of limited partner interests owned by other investors in our consolidated company-sponsored investment funds. During the first six months of 2017, we had $33.5 million of net gains of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests compared to a net loss of $0.9 million during the first six months of 2016.

CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY

During the first six months of 2017, net cash provided by operating activities was $448.2 million, compared to $514.6 million during the corresponding 2016 period. The change primarily is due to a lower net purchases of seed capital and broker-dealer investments of $185.3 million and a decrease in accounts payable of $79.0 million, offset by an increase in net activity of our consolidated company-sponsored investment funds of $115.7 million, a decrease in broker-dealer related receivables (net of payables and segregated U.S. Treasury bills activity) of $46.6 million and an increase in accrued compensation of $24.8 million.

During the first six months of 2017, net cash used in investing activities was $14.0 million, compared to $20.2 million during the corresponding 2016 period. The change is due primarily to lower purchases of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements.

During the first six months of 2017, net cash used in financing activities was $476.8 million, compared to $352.4 million during the corresponding 2016 period. The change reflects higher distributions to the General Partner and Unitholders of $63.2 million as a result of higher earnings (distributions on earnings are paid one quarter in arrears), higher repurchases of AB Holding Units of $43.7 million, higher net redemptions of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds of $27.2 million and lower proceeds from bank loans of $20.0 million, offset by an increase in overdrafts payable of $20.9 million and lower net repayments of commercial paper of $12.4 million.

As of June 30, 2017, AB had $598.4 million of cash and cash equivalents (excluding cash and cash equivalents of consolidated company-sponsored investment funds), all of which are available for liquidity, but consist primarily of cash on deposit for our broker-dealers to comply with various customer clearing activities, and cash held by foreign subsidiaries of $494.0 million. Through December 31, 2016, we permanently reinvested our historical and 2016 non-U.S. earnings outside the U.S. Effective January 1, 2017, we are repatriating our current non-U.S. earnings.

Debt and Credit Facilities

AB has a $1.0 billion committed, unsecured senior revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with a group of commercial banks and other lenders, which matures on October 22, 2019. The Credit Facility provides for possible increases in the principal amount by up to an aggregate incremental amount of $250.0 million; any such increase is subject to the consent of the affected lenders. The Credit Facility is available for AB and Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC ("SCB LLC") business purposes, including the support of AB’s $1.0 billion commercial paper program. Both AB and SCB LLC can draw directly under the Credit Facility and management may draw on the Credit Facility from time to time. AB has agreed to guarantee the obligations of SCB LLC under the Credit Facility.

The Credit Facility contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants, which are customary for facilities of this type, including restrictions on dispositions of assets, restrictions on liens, a minimum interest coverage ratio and a maximum leverage ratio. As of June 30, 2017, we were in compliance with these covenants. The Credit Facility also includes customary events of default (with customary grace periods, as applicable), including provisions under which, upon the occurrence of an event of default, all outstanding loans may be accelerated and/or lender’s commitments may be terminated. Also, under such provisions, upon the

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occurrence of certain insolvency- or bankruptcy-related events of default, all amounts payable under the Credit Facility would automatically become immediately due and payable, and the lender’s commitments would automatically terminate.

Amounts under the Credit Facility may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed by us from time to time until the maturity of the facility. Voluntary prepayments and commitment reductions requested by us are permitted at any time without fee (other than customary breakage costs relating to the prepayment of any drawn loans) upon proper notice and subject to a minimum dollar requirement. Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum, which will be, at our option, a rate equal to an applicable margin, which is subject to adjustment based on the credit ratings of AB, plus one of the following indexes: London Interbank Offered Rate; a floating base rate; or the Federal Funds rate.

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had no amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility. During the first six months of 2017 and the full year 2016, we did not draw upon the Credit Facility.

AB has a $200.0 million, unsecured 364-day senior revolving credit facility (the "Revolver") with a leading international bank and the other lending institutions that may be party thereto. The Revolver is available for AB's and SCB LLC's business purposes, including the provision of additional liquidity to meet funding requirements primarily related to SCB LLC's operations. Both AB and SCB LLC can draw directly under the Revolver and management expects to draw on the Revolver from time to time. AB has agreed to guarantee the obligations of SCB LLC under the Revolver. The Revolver contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants that are identical to those of the Credit Facility. As of June 30, 2017, we had a loan outstanding of $30.0 million with a weighted average interest rate of approximately 2.2%. As of December 31, 2016, we had no amounts outstanding under the Revolver. Average daily borrowing of the Revolver during the first six months of 2017 and full year 2016 were $22.4 million and $7.3 million, respectively, with weighted average interest rates of approximately 1.8% and 1.6%, respectively.

In addition, SCB LLC has four uncommitted lines of credit with four financial institutions. Three of these lines of credit permit us to borrow up to an aggregate of approximately $225.0 million, with AB named as an additional borrower, while one line has no stated limit. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, SCB LLC had no bank loans outstanding. Average daily borrowings of bank loans during the first six months of 2017 and full year 2016 were $3.9 million and $4.4 million, respectively, with weighted average interest rates of approximately 1.3% and 1.1%, respectively.

Our financial condition and access to public and private debt markets should provide adequate liquidity for our general business needs. Management believes that cash flow from operations and the issuance of debt and AB Units or AB Holding Units will provide us with the resources we need to meet our financial obligations. See “Cautions Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”.

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

AB’s capital commitments, which consist primarily of operating leases for office space, generally are funded from future operating cash flows.

We entered into a subscription agreement, under which we committed to invest up to $35.0 million in a venture capital fund. As of June 30, 2017, we had funded $34.2 million of this commitment.

As general partner of AllianceBernstein U.S. Real Estate L.P. (“Real Estate Fund”), we committed to invest $25.0 million in the Real Estate Fund. As of June 30, 2017, we had funded $21.6 million of this commitment. As general partner of AllianceBernstein U.S. Real Estate II L.P. (“Real Estate Fund II”), we committed to invest $28.0 million in Real Estate Fund II. As of June 30, 2017, we had funded $9.4 million of this commitment.

We entered into an investment agreement under which we committed to invest up to $8.0 million in an oil and gas fund. As of June 30, 2017, we had funded $6.2 million of this commitment.

See Note 12 for discussion of contingencies.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.

There have been no updates to our critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition” in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.

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ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

See Note 2 to AB’s condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1.

CAUTIONS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements provided by management in this report and in the portion of AB’s Form 10-Q attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The most significant of these factors include, but are not limited to, the following: the performance of financial markets, the investment performance of sponsored investment products and separately-managed accounts, general economic conditions, industry trends, future acquisitions, integration of acquired

companies, competitive conditions and government regulations, including changes in tax regulations and rates and the manner in which the earnings of publicly-traded partnerships are taxed. We caution readers to carefully consider such factors. Further, these forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made; we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements. For further information regarding these forward-looking statements and the factors that could cause actual results to differ, see “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and Part II, Item 1A in this Form 10-Q. Any or all of the forward-looking statements that we make in our Form 10-K, this Form 10-Q, other documents we file with or furnish to the SEC, and any other public statements we issue, may turn out to be wrong. It is important to remember that other factors besides those listed in “Risk Factors” and those listed below also could affect adversely our revenues, financial condition, results of operations and business prospects.

The forward-looking statements referred to in the preceding paragraph, most of which directly affect AB but also affect AB Holding because AB Holding’s principal source of income and cash flow is attributable to its investment in AB, include statements regarding:

•

Our belief that the cash flow AB Holding realizes from its investment in AB will provide AB Holding with the resources it needs to meet its financial obligations: AB Holding’s cash flow is dependent on the quarterly cash distributions it receives from AB. Accordingly, AB Holding’s ability to meet its financial obligations is dependent on AB’s cash flow from its operations, which is subject to the performance of the capital markets and other factors beyond our control.

•

Our financial condition and ability to access the public and private capital markets providing adequate liquidity for our general business needs: Our financial condition is dependent on our cash flow from operations, which is subject to the performance of the capital markets, our ability to maintain and grow client assets under management and other factors beyond our control. Our ability to access public and private capital markets on reasonable terms may be limited by adverse market conditions, our firm’s credit ratings, our profitability and changes in government regulations, including tax rates and interest rates.

•

The outcome of litigation: Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and excessive damage awards do occur. Though we have stated that we do not expect any pending legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity, any settlement or judgment with respect to a pending or future legal proceeding could be significant, and could have such an effect.

•

The possibility that we will engage in open market purchases of AB Holding Units to help fund anticipated obligations under our incentive compensation award program: The number of AB Holding Units AB may decide to buy in future periods, if any, to help fund incentive compensation awards depends on various factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the fluctuation in the price of an AB Holding Unit (NYSE: AB) and the availability of cash to make these purchases.


•	Our determination that adjusted employee compensation expense should not exceed 50% of our adjusted net revenues: Aggregate employee compensation reflects employee performance and competitive compensation levels. Fluctuations in our revenues and/or changes in competitive compensation levels could result in adjusted employee compensation expense exceeding 50% of our adjusted net revenues.

Index


Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no material changes in AB’s market risk from the information provided under “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Part II, Item 7A of AB's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.


Item 4.	Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Each of AB Holding and AB maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures that is designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and the Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), to permit timely decisions regarding our disclosure.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the CEO and the CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the CEO and the CFO concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No change in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the second quarter of 2017 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P. Reports