Exhibit 3.1

OWENS-ILLINOIS, INC.

FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED

BY-LAWS

Owens-Illinois, Inc. (the “Corporation”), pursuant to the provisions of Section 109 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (“Delaware General Corporation Law”), hereby adopts these Fourth Amended and Restated By-Laws, which restate, amend and supersede the by-laws of the Corporation, as previously amended, in their entirety as described below:

ARTICLE I                                                                       OFFICES

Section 1.                                           The registered office shall be in the City of Dover, County of Kent, State of Delaware.

Section 2.                                           The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the board of directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

ARTICLE II                                                                  MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

Section 1.                                           All meetings of the stockholders shall be held at any place within or without the State of Delaware as shall be designated from time to time by the board of directors or by means of remote communications by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote as such meeting.  In the absence of any such designation, stockholders’ meetings shall be held at the principal executive office of the Corporation.  The Corporation may postpone, reschedule or cancel any annual or special meeting of stockholders previously scheduled.

Section 2.                                           An annual meeting of stockholders shall be held each year on a date and at a time designated by the board of directors.  At each annual meeting directors shall be elected and any other proper business may be transacted.

Section 3.                                           A majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders, the holders of which are present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation, or by these By-Laws.  A quorum, once established, shall not be broken by the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum and the votes present may continue to transact business until adjournment.  If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the presiding officer at such meeting, or a majority of the voting stock represented in person or by proxy, may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented.  At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.  If the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or if after the adjournment a

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new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote thereat.

Section 4.                                           When a quorum is present at any meeting, the vote of the holders of a majority of the stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy shall decide any question brought before such meeting, unless the question is one upon which by express provision of law, or the Certificate of Incorporation, or these By-Laws, a different vote is required in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question.

Section 5.                                           At each meeting of the stockholders, each stockholder having the right to vote may vote in person or may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy appointed by an instrument in writing, subscribed (or transmitted by electronic means and authenticated as provided by law) by such stockholder and bearing a date not more than three years prior to said meeting, unless said instrument provides for a longer period.  All proxies must be delivered to the secretary of the Corporation at the beginning of each meeting in order to be counted in any vote at the meeting. A proxy may be in the form of an electronic transmission (as defined Section 10 of this Article II) which sets forth or is submitted with information from which it can be determined that the electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder.  A proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. A stockholder may revoke any proxy which is not irrevocable by attending the meeting and voting in person or by delivering to the secretary of the Corporation a revocation of the proxy or a new proxy bearing a later date. Voting at meetings of stockholders need not be by written ballot. Each stockholder shall have one vote for each share of stock having voting power, registered in such stockholder’s name on the books of the Corporation on the record date set by the board of directors as provided in Article VI, Section 6 hereof.  All elections shall be had and all questions decided by a plurality vote; provided, however, that directors shall be elected in the following manner:

(a)                                 Each director to be elected by the stockholders of the Corporation shall be elected by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast with respect to such director by the shares represented and entitled to vote therefor at a meeting of the stockholders for the election of directors at which a quorum is present (an “Election Meeting”); provided, however, that if the board of directors determines that the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected at such meeting (a “Contested Election”), whether or not the election becomes an uncontested election after such determination, each of the directors to be elected at the Election Meeting shall be elected by the affirmative vote of a plurality of the votes cast by the shares represented and entitled to vote at such meeting with respect to the election of such director.

(b)                                 For purposes of this Section 5, a “majority of the votes cast” means that the number of votes cast “for” a candidate for director exceeds the number of votes cast “against” that director (with “abstentions” and “broker non-votes” not counted as votes cast as either “for” or “against” such director’s election).  In an election other than a Contested Election, stockholders will be given the choice to cast votes “for” or “against” the election of directors or to “abstain” from such vote and shall not have the ability to cast any other vote with respect to such election of directors.  In a Contested Election, stockholders will be given the choice to cast “for” or “withhold” votes for the election of directors and shall not have the ability to cast any

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other vote with respect to such election of directors.  In the event an Election Meeting involves the election of directors by separate votes by class or classes or series, the determination as to whether an election constitutes a Contested Election shall be made on a class by class or series by series basis, as applicable.  The board of directors has established procedures under which any director who is not elected shall offer to tender his or her resignation to the board of directors.

Section 6.                                           In advance of sending to the stockholders any notice of a meeting of the holders of any class of shares, the board of directors shall appoint one or more inspectors of election to act at such meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof and to make a written report thereof.  The board of directors may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act.  If no inspector or alternate is so appointed or if no inspector or alternate is able to act, the chairman of the board of directors shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at such meeting.  Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of such inspector’s duties, shall take and sign an oath to faithfully execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of such inspector’s ability.  The inspector or inspectors so appointed or designated shall (i) ascertain the number of shares of stock of the Corporation outstanding and the voting power of each such share, (ii) determine the shares of stock of the Corporation represented at the meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots, (iii) count all votes and ballots, (iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors, and (v) certify their determination of the number of shares of stock of the Corporation represented at the meeting and such inspectors’ count of all votes and ballots. Such certification and report shall specify such other information as may be required by law. In determining the validity and counting of proxies and ballots cast at any meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, the inspectors may consider such information as is permitted by applicable law.  No inspector shall be a director, officer or employee of the Corporation.

Section 7.                                           Special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose, or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation, may be called at any time by the board of directors, or by a majority of the members of the board of directors, or by a committee of the board of directors which has been duly designated by the board of directors and whose powers and authority, as provided in a resolution of the board of directors or these By-Laws, include the power to call such meetings. Special meetings of stockholders of the Corporation may not be called by another person or persons. Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting.  Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.

Section 8.                                           Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a written notice of the meeting shall be given, which notice shall state the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.  The written notice of any meeting shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting.  If mailed, notice is given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at such stockholder’s address as it appears on the records of the Corporation.

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Section 9.                                           Except as otherwise prohibited by the Delaware General Corporation Law and without limiting the foregoing, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to (and not properly revoked by written notice to the Corporation) by the stockholder to whom the notice is given, to the extent such consent is required by the Delaware General Corporation Law.  Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the Corporation.  Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if (i) the Corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two (2) consecutive notices given by the Corporation in accordance with such consent and (ii) such inability becomes known to the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Corporation or to the transfer agent of the Corporation, or other person responsible for the giving of notice; provided, however, the inadvertent failure to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action.  Any such notice shall be deemed given (i) if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (ii) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (iii) if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (A) such posting and (B) the giving of such separate notice; and (iv) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder.

Section 10.                                    For the purposes of these By-Laws, an “electronic transmission” means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process.

Section 11.                                    An affidavit of the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Corporation or of the transfer agent or other agent of the Corporation that the notice has been given shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.

Section 12.                                    The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder.  Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation.  In the event that the Corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to the stockholders of the Corporation.  If the meeting is to be held at a place, then the list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.  If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting.  Except as otherwise provided by law, such list shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to

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examine the list of stockholders required by this Article II, Section 13 or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of the stockholders.  The Corporation shall not be required to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list.

Section 13.                                    Meetings of stockholders shall be presided over by the chairman of the board of directors, if any, or in his or her absence by a chairperson designated by the board of directors, or in the absence of such designation by a chairperson chosen at the meeting. The secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in his or her absence the chairperson of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.

Section 14.                                    The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at the meeting by the person presiding over the meeting.  The board of directors may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate.  Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the board of directors, the person presiding over any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to convene and (for any or no reason) to recess and/or adjourn the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such presiding person, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting.  Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the board of directors or prescribed by the presiding person of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iii) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the presiding person of the meeting shall determine; (iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants.  The presiding person at any meeting of stockholders, in addition to making any other determinations that may be appropriate to the conduct of the meeting, shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a matter or business was not properly brought before the meeting and if such presiding person should so determine, such presiding person shall so declare to the meeting and any such matter or business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted or considered.  Unless and to the extent determined by the board of directors or the person presiding over the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.

ARTICLE III                                                             ADVANCE NOTICE AND DIRECTOR REQUIREMENTS

Section 1.                                           Notice of Business to be Brought Before a Meeting.

(a)                                 At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting.  To be properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be (i) specified in a notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the board of directors, (ii) if not specified in a notice of meeting, otherwise brought before the meeting by the board of directors or the chairman of the board of directors or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder present in person (as defined below) who (A) (1) was a beneficial owner of shares of the Corporation both at the time of giving the notice

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provided for in this Section 1 and at the time of the meeting, (2) is entitled to vote at the meeting, and (3) has complied with this Section 1 in all applicable respects or (B) properly made such proposal in accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (as so amended and inclusive of such rules and regulations, the “Exchange Act”).  The foregoing clause (iii) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to propose business to be brought before an annual meeting of the stockholders.  The only matters that may be brought before a special meeting are the matters specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person calling the meeting pursuant to Article II, Section 7, and stockholders shall not be permitted to propose business to be brought before a special meeting of the stockholders.  For purposes of this Article III, “present in person” shall mean that the stockholder proposing that the business be brought before the annual meeting of the Corporation, or a qualified representative of such proposing stockholder, appear at such annual meeting.  A “qualified representative” of such proposing stockholder shall be, a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to such person to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders.  Stockholders seeking to nominate persons for election to the board of directors must comply with Section 2 and Section 3 of this Article III and this Section 1 shall not be applicable to nominations except as expressly provided in Section 2 and Section 3 of this Article III.

(b)                                 Without qualification, for business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must (i) provide Timely Notice (as defined below) thereof in writing and in proper form to the secretary of the Corporation and (ii) provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 1.  To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the one-year anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that if the date of the annual meeting is more than thirty (30) days before or more than sixty (60) days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered, or mailed and received, not less than ninety (90) days prior to such annual meeting or, if later, not less than ten (10) days following the day on which public disclosure of the date of such annual meeting was first made (such notice within such time periods, “Timely Notice”).  In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of Timely Notice as described above.

(c)                                  To be in proper form for purposes of this Section 1, a stockholder’s notice to the secretary shall set forth:

(i)                                     As to each Proposing Person (as defined below), (A) the name and address of such Proposing Person (including, if applicable, the name and address that appear on the Corporation’s books and records); and (B) the class or series and number of shares of the Corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned of record or beneficially owned (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) by such Proposing Person, except that such Proposing Person shall in all events be deemed to beneficially own any

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shares of any class or series of the Corporation as to which such Proposing Person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time in the future (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) and (B) are referred to as “Stockholder Information”);

(ii)                                  As to each Proposing Person, (A) the full notional amount of any securities that, directly or indirectly, underlie any “derivative security” (as such term is defined in Rule 16a-1(c) under the Exchange Act) that constitutes a “call equivalent position” (as such term is defined in Rule 16a-1(b) under the Exchange Act) (“Synthetic Equity Position”) and that is, directly or indirectly, held or maintained by such Proposing Person with respect to any shares of any class or series of shares of the Corporation; provided that, for the purposes of the definition of “Synthetic Equity Position,” the term “derivative security” shall also include any security or instrument that would not otherwise constitute a “derivative security” as a result of any feature that would make any conversion, exercise or similar right or privilege of such security or instrument becoming determinable only at some future date or upon the happening of a future occurrence, in which case the determination of the amount of securities into which such security or instrument would be convertible or exercisable shall be made assuming that such security or instrument is immediately convertible or exercisable at the time of such determination; and, provided, further, that any Proposing Person satisfying the requirements of Rule 13d-1(b)(1) under the Exchange Act (other than a Proposing Person that so satisfies Rule 13d-1(b)(1) under the Exchange Act solely by reason of Rule 13d-1(b)(1)(ii)(E)) shall not be deemed to hold or maintain the notional amount of any securities that underlie a Synthetic Equity Position held by such Proposing Person as a hedge with respect to a bona fide derivatives trade or position of such Proposing Person arising in the ordinary course of such Proposing Person’s business as a derivatives dealer, (B) any rights to dividends on the shares of any class or series of shares of the Corporation owned beneficially by such Proposing Person that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (C) any material pending or threatened legal proceeding in which such Proposing Person is a party or material participant involving the Corporation or any of its officers or directors, or any affiliate of the Corporation, (D) any other material relationship between such Proposing Person, on the one hand, and the Corporation, any affiliate of the Corporation, on the other hand, (E) any direct or indirect material interest in any material contract or agreement of such Proposing Person with the Corporation or any affiliate of the Corporation (including, in any such case, any employment agreement, collective bargaining agreement or consulting agreement), (F) a representation that such Proposing Person intends or is part of a group which intends to deliver a proxy statement or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding stock required to approve or adopt the proposal or otherwise solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal, and (G) any other information relating to such Proposing Person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies or consents by such Proposing Person in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) through (G) are referred to as “Disclosable Interests”); provided, however, that Disclosable Interests shall not include any such disclosures with respect to the ordinary course business activities of any

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broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee who is a Proposing Person solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these By-Laws on behalf of a beneficial owner; and

(iii)                               As to each item of business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting, (A) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting and any material interest in such business of each Proposing Person, (B) the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration), and (C) a reasonably detailed description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings (x) between or among any of the Proposing Persons or (y) between or among any Proposing Person and any other person or entity (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder; and (D) any other information relating to such item of business that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, that the disclosures required by this paragraph (iii) shall not include any disclosures with respect to any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee who is a Proposing Person solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these By-Laws on behalf of a beneficial owner.

For purposes of this Section 1, the term “Proposing Person” shall mean (i) the stockholder providing the notice of business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting, (ii) the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf the notice of the business proposed to be brought before the annual meeting is made, and (iii) any participant (as defined in paragraphs (a)(ii)-(vi) of Instruction 3 to Item 4 of Schedule 14A) with such stockholder in such solicitation.

(d)                                 A Proposing Person shall update and supplement its notice to the Corporation of its intent to propose business at an annual meeting, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 1 shall be true and correct as of the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof).

(e)                                  Notwithstanding anything in these By-Laws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at an annual meeting that is not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with this Section 1.  The presiding officer of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine that the business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with this Section 1,

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and if he or she should so determine, he or she shall so declare to the meeting and any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.

(f)                                   This Section 1 is expressly intended to apply to any business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting of stockholders other than any proposal made in accordance with Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act and included in the Corporation’s proxy statement.  In addition to the requirements of this Section 1 with respect to any business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting, each Proposing Person shall comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to any such business.  Nothing in this Section 1 shall be deemed to affect the rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.

(g)                                  For purposes of these By-Laws, “public disclosure” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by a national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

Section 2.                                           Notice of Nominations for Election to the Board of Directors.

(a)                                 Nominations of any person for election to the board of directors at an annual meeting or at a special meeting (but only if the election of directors is a matter specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person calling such special meeting) may be made at such meeting only (i) by or at the direction of the board of directors, including by any committee or persons authorized to do so by the board of directors or these By-Laws, or (ii) by a stockholder present in person (as defined in Section 1 of this Article III) (A) who was a beneficial owner of shares of the Corporation both at the time of giving the notice provided for in this Section 2 and at the time of the meeting, (B) is entitled to vote at the meeting, and (C) has complied with this Section 2 and Section 3 of this Article III as to such notice and nomination. The foregoing clause (ii) shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the board of directors at an annual meeting or special meeting.

(b)

(i)                                     Without qualification, for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the board of directors at an annual meeting, the stockholder must (1) provide Timely Notice (as defined in Section 1 of this Article III) thereof in writing and in proper form to the secretary of the Corporation, (2) provide the information, agreements and questionnaires with respect to such stockholder and its candidate for nomination as required to be set forth by this Section 2 and Section 3 of this Article III and (3) provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 2 and Section 3 of this Article III.

(ii)                                  Without qualification, if the election of directors is a matter specified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of the person calling a special meeting, then for a stockholder to make any nomination of a person or persons for election to the board of directors at a special meeting, the stockholder must (i) provide timely notice

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thereof in writing and in proper form to the secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation, (ii) provide the information with respect to such stockholder and its candidate for nomination as required by this Section 2 and Section 3 of this Article III and (iii) provide any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the forms required by this Section 2.  To be timely, a stockholder’s notice for nominations to be made at a special meeting must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to such special meeting or, if later, not less than ten (10) days following the day on which public disclosure (as defined in Section 1 of this Article III) of the date of such special meeting was first made.

(iii)                               In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting or special meeting or the announcement thereof commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

(c)                                  To be in proper form for purposes of this Section 2, a stockholder’s notice to the secretary shall set forth:

(i)                                     As to each Nominating Person (as defined below), the Stockholder Information (as defined in Section 1(c)(i) of this Article III, except that for purposes of this Section 2 the term “Nominating Person” shall be substituted for the term “Proposing Person” in all places it appears in Section 1(c)(i) of this Article III);

(ii)                                  As to each Nominating Person, any Disclosable Interests (as defined in Section 1(c)(ii) of this Article III, except that for purposes of this Section 2 the term “Nominating Person” shall be substituted for the term “Proposing Person” in all places it appears in Section 1(c)(ii) of this Article III and the disclosure with respect to the business to be brought before the meeting in Section 1(c)(ii) of this Article III shall be made with respect to the election of directors at the meeting); and

(iii)                               As to each candidate whom a Nominating Person proposes to nominate for election as a director, (A) all information with respect to such candidate for nomination that would be required to be set forth in a stockholder’s notice pursuant to this Section 2 and Section 3 of this Article III if such candidate for nomination were a Nominating Person, (B) all information relating to such candidate for nomination that is required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14(a) under the Exchange Act (including such candidate’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected), (C) a description of any direct or indirect material interest in any material contract or agreement between or among any Nominating Person, on the one hand, and each candidate for nomination or his or her respective associates or any other participants in such solicitation, on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 under Regulation S-K if such Nominating Person were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the candidate for nomination were a director or executive officer of such registrant (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (A) through (C) are referred to as “Nominee

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Information”), and (D) a completed and signed questionnaire, representation and agreement as provided in Section 3(a) of this Article III.

For purposes of this Section 2, the term “Nominating Person” shall mean (i) the stockholder providing the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting, (ii) the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf the notice of the nomination proposed to be made at the meeting is made, and (iii) any participant (as defined in paragraphs (a)(ii)-(vi) of Instruction 3 to Item 4 of Schedule 14A) with such stockholder in such solicitation.

(d)                                 A stockholder providing notice of any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting shall further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 2 shall be true and correct as of the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof).

(e)                                  In addition to the requirements of this Section 2 with respect to any nomination proposed to be made at a meeting, each Nominating Person shall comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to any such nominations.

Section 3.                                           Additional Requirements for Valid Nomination of Candidates to Serve as Director and, if Elected, to be Seated as Directors.

(a)                                 To be eligible to be a candidate for election as a director of the Corporation at an annual or special meeting, a candidate must be nominated in the manner prescribed in Section 2 of this Article III and the candidate for nomination, whether nominated by the board of directors or by a stockholder of record, must have previously delivered (in accordance with the time period prescribed for delivery in a notice to such candidate given by or on behalf of the board of directors), to the secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation, (i) a completed written questionnaire (in a form provided by the Corporation) with respect to the background, qualifications, stock ownership and independence of such proposed nominee and (ii) a written representation and agreement (in form provided by the Corporation) that such candidate for nomination (A) is not and, if elected as a director during his or her term of office, will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given and will not give any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such proposed nominee, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”), including any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such proposed nominee’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such proposed nominee’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (B) is not, and will not become a party to, any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the

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Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation or reimbursement for service as a director that has not been disclosed therein and (C) if elected as a director of the Corporation, will comply with all applicable corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality, stock ownership and trading and other policies and guidelines of the Corporation applicable to directors and in effect during such person’s term in office as a director (and, if requested by any candidate for nomination, the secretary of the Corporation shall provide to such candidate for nomination all such policies and guidelines then in effect).

(b)                                 A candidate for nomination as a director shall further update and supplement the materials delivered pursuant to this Section 3, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided pursuant to this Section 3 shall be true and correct as of the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to, or mailed and received by, the secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record date), and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof).

(c)                                  The board of directors may also require any proposed candidate for nomination as a director to furnish such other information as may reasonably be requested by the board of directors in writing prior to the meeting of stockholders at which such candidate’s nomination is to be acted upon in order for the board of directors to determine the eligibility of such candidate for nomination to be an independent director of the Corporation in accordance with the Corporation’s Corporate Governance Guidelines.

(d)                                 No candidate shall be eligible for nomination as a director of the Corporation unless such candidate for nomination and the Nominating Person seeking to place such candidate’s name in nomination has complied with Section 2 of this Article III and this Section 3, as applicable.  The presiding officer at the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine that a nomination was not properly made in accordance with Section 2 of this Article III or this Section 3, and if he or she should so determine, he or she shall so declare such determination to the meeting, the defective nomination shall be disregarded and any ballots cast for the candidate in question (but in the case of any form of ballot listing other qualified nominees, only the ballots cast for the nominee in question) shall be void and of no force or effect.

(e)                                  Notwithstanding anything in these By-Laws to the contrary, no candidate for nomination shall be eligible to be seated as a director of the Corporation unless nominated and elected in accordance with this Section 3.

ARTICLE IV                                                              DIRECTORS

Section 1.                                           The board of directors shall consist of a minimum of one (1) and a maximum of twelve (12) directors. The number of directors shall be fixed or changed from time

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to time, within the minimum and maximum, by the then appointed directors. The directors need not be stockholders. The directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders, except as provided in Section 2 of this Article IV, and each director elected shall hold office until such director’s successor is elected and qualified or until such director’s death, retirement, resignation or removal. Except as may otherwise be provided pursuant to Article IV of the Certificate of Incorporation with respect to any rights of holders of preferred stock, a director may be removed without cause by the affirmative vote of the stockholders holding at least 80% of the stock entitled to vote for the election of directors.

Section 2.                                           Except as may otherwise be provided pursuant to Article IV of the Certificate of Incorporation with respect to any rights of holders of preferred stock to elect additional directors, should a vacancy in the board of directors occur or be created (whether arising through death, retirement, resignation or removal or through an increase in the number of authorized directors), such vacancy shall be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors, even though less than a quorum of the board of directors. A director so elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the term of the class to which such director was elected.

Section 3.                                           The property and business of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of its board of directors.  In addition to the powers and authorities by these By-Laws expressly conferred upon them, the board of directors may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Section 4.                                           The directors may hold their meetings and have one or more offices, and keep the books of the Corporation outside of the State of Delaware.

Section 5.                                           Regular meetings of the board of directors may be held without notice at such time and place as shall from time to time be determined by the board.

Section 6.                                           Special meetings of the board of directors may be called by the chairman of the board of directors, chief executive officer or president on twenty-four hours’ notice to each director, either personally or by mail, overnight express courier, facsimile, electronic mail or other electronic transmission, telephone or hand delivery in person; special meetings shall be called by the chairman of the board of directors, chief executive officer, president or the secretary in like manner and on like notice on the written request of a majority of the directors then in office.  Unless limited by law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-Laws or by the terms of the notice thereof, any and all business may be transacted at any meeting without the notice thereof having so specially enumerated the matters to be acted upon.  The notice shall be deemed given:

(i)  in the case of hand delivery or notice by telephone, when received by the director to whom notice is to be given or by any person accepting such notice on behalf of such director,

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(ii)  in the case of delivery by mail, upon deposit in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the director to whom notice is being given at such director’s address as it appears on the records of the Corporation,

(iii)  in the case of delivery by overnight express courier, on the first business day after such notice is dispatched, and

(iv)  in the case of delivery via facsimile, electronic mail or other electronic transmission, when sent to the director to whom notice is to be given or by any person accepting such notice on behalf of such director at such director’s facsimile number or electronic mail address, as the case may be, as it appears on the Corporation’s records.

Section 7.                                           At all meetings of the board of directors a majority of the authorized number of directors shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the vote of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum, shall be the act of the board of directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws.  If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the board of directors the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.  If only one director is authorized, such sole director shall constitute a quorum.

Section 8.                                           Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the board of directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the board of directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, or by electronic transmission and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board of directors or committee.  Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.

Section 9.                                           Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, members of the board of directors, or any committee designated by the board of directors, may participate in a meeting of the board of directors, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS

Section 10.                                    The board of directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole board of directors, designate one or more committees, each such committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The board of directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee.  In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may

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unanimously appoint another member of the board of directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.  Any such committee, to the extent provided in a resolution of the board of directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the board of directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority in reference to amending the Certificate of Incorporation (except that a committee may, to the extent authorized in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of shares of stock adopted by the board of directors, fix the designations and any of the preferences or rights of such shares relating to dividends, redemption, dissolution, any distribution of assets of the Corporation or the conversion into, or the exchange of such shares for, shares of any other class or classes or any other series of the same or any other class or classes of stock of the Corporation or fix the number of shares of any series of stock or authorize the increase or decrease of the shares of any series), adopting an agreement of merger or consolidation, recommending to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s property and assets, recommending to the stockholders a dissolution of the Corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, or amending these By-Laws; and, unless the resolution, these By-Laws, or the Certificate of Incorporation expressly so provide, no such committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend, to authorize the issuance of stock, or to adopt a Certificate of Ownership and Merger.

Section 11.                                    Meetings of committees of the board of directors may be held at any place, within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated by the board or the committee. Regular meetings of any committee shall be held at such times as may be determined by resolution of the board of directors or the committee and no notice shall be required for any regular meeting. A special meeting of any committee shall be called by resolution of the board of directors or by the secretary or an assistant secretary upon the request of any member of the committee. Notices of special meetings may be made in writing, by electronic transmission, by telephone or in person. Any such notice shall be sent or given not later than twenty-four hours before the meeting. Unless limited by law, the certificate of incorporation, these By-Laws, or by the terms of the notice thereof, any and all business may be transacted at any special meeting without the notice thereof having so specifically enumerated the matters to be acted upon.  Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the board of directors when required.

Section 12.                                    The board of directors shall appoint an audit committee, the size of which shall be set by the board, but will always consist of at least three directors. The members of the audit committee shall be appointed by the board of directors upon the recommendation of the nominating and corporate governance committee in accordance with the independence, experience and other requirements of the New York Stock Exchange and applicable law. The powers, responsibilities and functions of the audit committee shall be as set forth in the audit committee charter, which shall be adopted and approved by the board of directors. The audit committee shall review and reassess the adequacy of its charter on an annual basis and recommend any proposed changes to the board of directors for its adoption and approval.

Section 13.                                    The board of directors shall appoint a compensation committee, the size of which shall be set by the board, but will always consist of at least three directors. The members of the compensation committee shall be appointed by the board of directors upon the

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recommendation of the nominating and corporate governance committee in accordance with the independence, experience and other requirements of the New York Stock Exchange and applicable law. The powers, responsibilities and functions of the compensation committee shall be as set forth in the compensation committee charter, which shall be adopted and approved by the board of directors.

Section 14.                                    The board of directors shall appoint a nominating and corporate governance committee, the size of which shall be set by the board, but will always consist of at least three directors. The members of the compensation committee shall be appointed by the board of directors upon the recommendation of the nominating and corporate governance committee in accordance with the independence, experience and other requirements of the New York Stock Exchange and applicable law. The powers, responsibilities and functions of the compensation committee shall be as set forth in the compensation committee charter, which shall be adopted and approved by the board of directors.

COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS

Section 15.                                    Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, the board of directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors.  The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the board of directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the board of directors or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.  Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.

INDEMNIFICATION

Section 16.                                    The Corporation shall indemnify every person who was or is a party or is or was threatened to be made a party to any action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or, while a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, agent or trustee of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, against expenses (including counsel fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, to the full extent permitted by applicable law.  If a claim under this Section 16 is not paid in full by the Corporation within ninety days after a written claim has been received by the Corporation, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in whole or in part, the claimant shall be paid also the expense of prosecuting such claim.  It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required undertaking, if any is required, has been tendered to the Corporation) that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct which make it permissible under the Delaware General Corporation Law or other applicable law for the Corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed, but the burden of proving such defense shall be on the Corporation.  Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its board of directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the

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commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because such person has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law or other applicable law, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its board of directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.

Section 17.                                    Expenses incurred in defending a proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation to or on behalf of any person indemnified pursuant to Article IV, Section 16 of these By-Laws in advance of the final disposition of such proceeding if the Corporation shall have received an undertaking by or on behalf of such person to repay such amounts if it shall ultimately be determined that he or she is not entitled to indemnification by the Corporation as authorized by these By-Laws.

ARTICLE V                                                                   OFFICERS

Section 1.                                           The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the board of directors and shall include a president, a vice president and a secretary.  The Corporation may also have at the discretion of the board of directors such other officers as are desired, including a chairman of the board of directors, additional vice presidents, one or more assistant secretaries, a treasurer, one or more assistant treasurers, and such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 of this Article V.  In the event there are two or more vice presidents, then one or more may be designated as executive vice president, senior vice president, vice president marketing, or other similar or dissimilar title.  At the time of the election of officers, the directors may by resolution determine the order of their rank. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, unless the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws otherwise provide.

Section 2.                                           The board of directors, at its first meeting after each annual meeting of stockholders, shall choose the officers of the Corporation.

Section 3.                                           The board of directors may appoint such other officers and agents, as it shall deem necessary, who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the board of directors.

Section 4.                                           The salaries of all officers and agents of the Corporation shall be fixed by the board of directors, acting directly or through the compensation committee of the board.

Section 5.                                           The officers of the Corporation shall hold office until their successors are chosen and qualify in their stead.  Any officer elected or appointed by the board of directors may be removed at any time, either with or without cause, by the board of directors.  If the office of any officer or officers becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy may be filled by the board of directors.

CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD

Section 6.                                           The chairman of the board of directors, if such an officer be elected, shall, if present, preside at all meetings of the board of directors and exercise and perform such other

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powers and duties as may be from time to time assigned to the chairman by the board of directors or prescribed by these By-Laws.  If there is no president, the chairman of the board of directors shall, in addition, be the chief executive officer of the Corporation and shall have the powers and duties prescribed in Section 7 of this Article V.

PRESIDENT

Section 7.                                           Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as may be given by the board of directors to the chairman of the board of directors, if there be such an officer, the president shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation and shall, subject to the control of the board of directors, have general supervision, direction and control of the business and officers of the Corporation.  The president shall be an ex-officio member of all committees and shall have the general powers and duties of management usually vested in the office of president and chief executive officer of Corporations, and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or these By-Laws.

VICE PRESIDENTS

Section 8.                                           In the absence or disability of the president, the vice presidents in order of their rank as fixed by the board of directors, or if not ranked, the vice president designated by the board of directors, shall perform all the duties of the president, and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the president.  The vice presidents shall have such other duties as from time to time may be prescribed for them, respectively, by the board of directors.

SECRETARY AND ASSISTANT SECRETARIES

Section 9.                                           The secretary shall record the proceedings of the meetings of the stockholders and directors in a book to be kept for that purpose; and shall perform like duties for the standing committees when required by the board of directors.  The secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and of the board of directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or these By-Laws.  The secretary shall keep in safe custody the seal of the Corporation, and affix the same to any instrument requiring it, and when so affixed it shall be attested by the secretary’s signature or by the signature of an assistant secretary.  The board of directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing by such officer’s signature.

Section 10.                                    The assistant secretary, or if there be more than one, the assistant secretaries in the order determined by the board of directors, or if there be no such determination, the assistant secretary designated by the board of directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors may from time to time prescribe.

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TREASURER AND ASSISTANT TREASURERS

Section 11.                                    The treasurer, if such an officer is elected, shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys, and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation, in such depositories as may be designated by the board of directors.  The treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the board of directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the board of directors, at its regular meetings, or when the board of directors so requires, an account of all the treasurer’s transactions as treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation.  If required by the board of directors, the treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond, in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the board of directors, for the faithful performance of the duties of office the treasurer and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of the treasurer’s death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in the treasurer’s possession or under the treasurer’s control belonging to the Corporation.

Section 12.                                    The assistant treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, the assistant treasurers in the order determined by the board of directors, or if there be no such determination, the assistant treasurer designated by the board of directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors may from time to time prescribe.

ARTICLE VI                                                              CERTIFICATES OF STOCK

Section 1.                                           The Shares of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the board of directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any class or series of the Corporation’s stock shall be uncertificated shares.  Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Corporation.  Every holder of stock represented by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by, any two authorized officers of the Corporation, including, without limitation, the chairman or vice chairman of the board of directors, the president, any vice president, the secretary or an assistant secretary or the treasurer or an assistant treasurer of the Corporation, representing the number of shares registered in certificate form.

Section 2.                                           Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile.  In case any officer, transfer agent, or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the date of issue.

Section 3.                                           If the Corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualification, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights may be set forth in full

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or summarized on the face or back of the certificate which the Corporation may issue to represent such class or series of stock, provided that, except as otherwise provided in Section 202 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, in lieu of the foregoing, the Corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.

LOST, STOLEN OR DESTROYED CERTIFICATES

Section 4.                                           The board of directors may direct a new certificate or certificates or uncertificated shares to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed.  When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates or uncertificated shares, the board of directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or certificates, or such owner’s legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as it shall require and/or to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.

TRANSFERS OF STOCK

Section 5.                                           Upon surrender to the Corporation, or the transfer agent of the Corporation, of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignation or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue a new certificate or uncertificated shares to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books.

FIXING RECORD DATE

Section 6.                                           In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of the stockholders, or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the board of directors may fix a record date which shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other action.  If the board of directors so fixes a record date for any meeting of stockholders, such record date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the board of directors determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination.  If no record date is fixed by the board of directors (1) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice of such meeting is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held and (2) the record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the

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day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.  A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the board of directors may fix a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting.

REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS

Section 7.                                           The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or shares of stock as the holder in fact thereof and accordingly shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim or interest in such share on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, save as expressly provided by the laws of the State of Delaware.

ARTICLE VII                                                         GENERAL PROVISIONS

DIVIDENDS

Section 1.                                           Dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the board of directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to law.  Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation.

Section 2.                                           Before payment of any dividend there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve fund to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for such other purpose as the directors shall think conducive to the interests of the Corporation, and the directors may abolish any such reserve.

CHECKS

Section 3.                                           All checks or demands for money and notes of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers as the board of directors may from time to time designate.

FISCAL YEAR

Section 4.                                           The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the board of directors.

CORPORATE SEAL

Section 5.                                           The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware”. Said seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

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NOTICES

Section 6.                                           Except as otherwise specifically provided herein or required by law, all notices required to be given pursuant to these By-Laws shall be in writing and may in every instance be effectively given by mail, overnight express courier, facsimile or hand delivery in person.  The notice shall be deemed given:

(i)  in the case of hand delivery, when received by the person to whom notice is to be given or by any person accepting such notice on behalf of such person,

(ii)  in the case of delivery by mail, upon deposit in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the person to whom notice is being given at such person’s address as it appears on the records of the Corporation,

(iii)  in the case of delivery by overnight express courier, on the first business day after such notice is dispatched, and

(iv)  in the case of delivery via facsimile, when sent to the person to whom notice is to be given or by any person accepting such notice on behalf of such person at such person’s facsimile number, as it appears on the Corporation’s records.

Section 7.                                           Whenever any notice is required to be given by law or under the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or of these By-Laws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto.  Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any regular or special meeting of the stockholders need be specified in a waiver of notice.

Section 8.                                           Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, and except as prohibited by applicable law, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under any provision of applicable law, the certificate of incorporation, or these By-Laws shall be effective if given by a single written notice to stockholders who share an address if consented to by the stockholders at that address to whom such notice is given. Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the Corporation. Any stockholder who fails to object in writing to the Corporation, within 60 days of having been given written notice by the Corporation of its intention to send the single notice permitted under this Section, shall be deemed to have consented to receiving such single written notice.

FORUM SELECTION

Section 9.                                           Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery (the “Chancery Court”) of the State of Delaware (or, in the event that the Chancery Court does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware) shall, to the fullest extent

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permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Corporation to the Corporation or to the Corporation’s stockholders, (c) any action arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws (as either may be amended from time to time), or (d) any action asserting a claim against the Corporation governed by the internal affairs doctrine under the laws of the State of Delaware.  If any action the subject matter of which is within the scope of the preceding sentence is filed in a court other than a court located within the State of Delaware (a “Foreign Action”) in the name of any stockholder, such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to (i) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located within the State of Delaware in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce the preceding sentence and (ii) having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such action by service upon such stockholder’s counsel in the Foreign Action as agent for such stockholder.

ARTICLE VIII                                                    AMENDMENTS

Section 1.                                           These By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new By-Laws may be adopted by the stockholders or by the board of directors, when such power is conferred upon the board of directors by the Certificate of Incorporation, at any regular meeting of the stockholders or of the board of directors or at any special meeting of the stockholders or of the board of directors if notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption of new By-Laws be contained in the notice of such special meeting.  If the power to adopt, amend or repeal these By-Laws is conferred upon the board of directors by the Certificate of Incorporation it shall not divest or limit the power of the stockholders to adopt, amend or repeal these By-Laws.

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