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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 22, 2017
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Ranger Energy Services, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
1389 (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
81-5449572 (IRS Employer Identification No.) |
800 Gessner Street, Suite 1000
Houston, Texas 77024
(713) 935-8900
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)
Darron M. Anderson
Ranger Energy Services, Inc.
800 Gessner, Suite 1000
Houston, Texas 77024
(713) 935-8900
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to: | ||
Douglas E. McWilliams Julian J. Seiguer Vinson & Elkins L.L.P. 1001 Fannin, Suite 2500 Houston, Texas 77002 (713) 758-2222 |
William J. Whelan, III Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP 825 Eighth Avenue New York, New York 10019-7475 (212) 474-1000 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale of the securities to the public:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box: o
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer ý (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Smaller reporting company o | Emerging growth company ý |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ý
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
|
||||
Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered |
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(1)(2) |
Amount of Registration Fee |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share |
$100,000,000 | $11,590 | ||
|
- (1)
- Includes
shares issuable upon exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock.
- (2)
- Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state or jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED MAY 22, 2017
Shares
Ranger Energy Services, Inc.
Class A Common Stock
We are selling shares of our Class A common stock. Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our Class A common stock. We anticipate that the initial public offering price for our Class A common stock will be between $ and $ per share. We have applied to list our Class A common stock on the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE") under the symbol "RNGR."
The underwriters will have an option to purchase a maximum of additional shares of Class A common stock from us and additional shares of Class A common stock from the selling shareholders named in this prospectus to cover any over-allotment of shares.
We are an "emerging growth company" under federal securities laws and are subject to reduced public company disclosure standards. Please see "Risk Factors" and "Prospectus SummaryEmerging Growth Company Status."
Investing in our Class A common stock involves risks. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 22.
|
Price to Public |
Underwriting Discounts and Commissions |
Proceeds to Ranger Energy Services, Inc. (before expenses)(1) |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Per Share |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||
Total |
$ | $ | $ |
- (1)
- See "Underwriting" for information relating to underwriting compensation, including certain expenses of the underwriters to be reimbursed by the Company.
Delivery of the shares of Class A common stock will be made on or about , 2017.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed on the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Credit Suisse | Simmons & Company International | Wells Fargo Securities | ||
Energy Specialists of Piper Jaffray |
Barclays
The date of this prospectus is , 2017.
Neither we, the selling shareholders nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus and any free writing prospectus we have prepared. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We, the selling shareholders and the underwriters are offering to sell shares of Class A common stock and seeking offers to buy shares of Class A common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of any sale of the Class A common stock. Our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects or results of operations may have changed since the date of this prospectus.
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. See "Risk Factors" and "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."
Dealer Prospectus Delivery Obligation
Until , 2017 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to a dealer's obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.
i
Presentation of Financial and Operating Data
Unless otherwise indicated, the historical financial and operating information presented in this prospectus is that of Ranger Energy Services, LLC ("Ranger Services") and Torrent Energy Services, LLC ("Torrent Services") on a combined consolidated basis, and these entities on a combined consolidated basis are our predecessor for financial reporting purposes.
Certain amounts and percentages included in this prospectus have been rounded. Accordingly, in certain instances, the sum of the numbers in a column of a table may not exactly equal the total figure for that column.
The market data and certain other statistical information used throughout this prospectus are based on independent industry publications, government publications and other published sources, including industry reports from Coras Oilfield Research ("Coras"), including "Workover Rig StudyCyclical Downturn Meets A Structural Shift" and "Coras Oilfield TrendsPreparing for the upcoming frac season," Spears and Associates ("Spears"), including "Drilling and Production OutlookDecember 2016," "Drilling and Production OutlookMarch 2017," "Well Servicing: Market Evaluation ExcerptsDecember 2016" and "Well Servicing: Market EvaluationQ1 2017," and data from Qittitut Consulting ("Qittitut"), including its "US Land Drill Out Jobs Market ModelFive-Year History (2012-2016) and One-Year Forecast (2017)," and HPDI/Drillinginfo ("Drillinginfo"), including data available through its online database. Some data are also based on our good faith estimates. Although we believe these third-party sources are reliable as of their respective dates, neither we, the selling shareholders nor the underwriters have independently verified the accuracy or completeness of this information. The industry in which we operate is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in the section entitled "Risk Factors." These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these publications.
We own or have rights to various trademarks, service marks and trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our business. This prospectus may also contain trademarks, service marks and trade names of third parties, which are the property of their respective owners. Our use or display of third parties' trademarks, service marks, trade names or products in this prospectus is not intended to, and does not imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship by us. Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ®, TM or SM symbols, but the omission of such references is not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the right of the applicable owner of these trademarks, service marks and trade names.
ii
This summary contains basic information about us and the offering. Because it is a summary, it does not contain all the information that you should consider before investing in our Class A common stock. You should read and carefully consider this entire prospectus before making an investment decision, especially the information presented under the heading "Risk Factors," "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the historical combined consolidated and unaudited pro forma condensed financial statements and the related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
Except as otherwise indicated or required by the context, all references in this prospectus to the "Company," "we," "us" or "our" relate, prior to the corporate reorganization described in this prospectus, to Ranger Services and Torrent Services on a combined basis (as combined, our "Predecessor," and each, a "Predecessor Company"), and following the corporate reorganization described in this prospectus, to Ranger Energy Services, Inc. ("Ranger Inc.") and its consolidated subsidiaries. References in this prospectus to "Ranger LLC" refer to RNGR Energy Services, LLC, which, following the corporate reorganization described in this prospectus, will own our operating subsidiaries, including Ranger Services and Torrent Services. References in this prospectus to the "Existing Owners" refer to Ranger Energy Holdings, LLC ("Ranger Holdings"), Ranger Energy Holdings II, LLC ("Ranger Holdings II"), Torrent Energy Holdings, LLC ("Torrent Holdings") and Torrent Energy Holdings II, LLC ("Torrent Holdings II"), the entities through which our existing investors, including CSL Capital Management ("CSL"), certain members of our management and other investors, will, following the corporate reorganization described in this prospectus, own their retained interest in us and Ranger LLC. References in this prospectus to "selling shareholders" refer to those persons identified as selling shareholders in "Principal and Selling Shareholders." We have provided definitions for certain of the industry terms used in this prospectus in the "Glossary."
Except as otherwise indicated, all information contained in this prospectus assumes or reflects no exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock and excludes shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under our long-term incentive plan.
We are one of the largest independent providers of high-specification ("high-spec") well service rigs and associated services in the United States, with a focus on technically demanding unconventional horizontal well completion and production operations. We believe that our fleet of 68 well service rigs is among the newest and most advanced in the industry and, based on our historical rig utilization and feedback from our customers, we believe that we are an operator of choice for U.S. onshore exploration and production ("E&P") companies that require completion and production services at increasing lateral lengths. Our high-spec well service rigs facilitate operations throughout the lifecycle of a well, including (i) well completion support, such as milling out composite plugs used during hydraulic fracturing; (ii) workover, including retrieval and replacement of existing production tubing; (iii) well maintenance, including replacement of downhole artificial lift components; and (iv) decommissioning, such as plugging and abandonment operations. We also provide rental equipment, including well control packages, hydraulic catwalks and other equipment that are often deployed with our well service rigs. In addition, we own and operate a fleet of proprietary, modular natural gas processing equipment that processes rich natural gas streams at the wellhead or central gathering points. We have operations in most of the active oil and natural gas basins in the United States, including the Permian Basin, the Denver-Julesburg Basin, the Bakken Shale and the Eagle Ford Shale.
We have invested in a premier fleet of well service rigs. Our customers, which include many of the leading U.S. onshore E&P operators such as EOG Resources, Inc., Noble Energy, Inc., Oasis
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Petroleum Inc., PDC Energy Inc. and Statoil ASA, are increasingly utilizing modern horizontal well designs characterized by long lateral lengths that can extend in excess of 12,000 feet. Long lateral length wellbores require increased amounts of completion tubing, which, in turn, require well service rigs with higher operating horsepower ("HP") to pull longer tubing strings from the wellbore. Furthermore, long lateral horizontal wells generally utilize taller stacks of wellhead equipment, which drives demand for well service rigs that have taller mast heights capable of accommodating an elevated work floor. These modern horizontal well designs are ideally serviced by "high-spec" well service rigs with high operating HP (450 HP or greater) and tall mast heights (102 feet or higher) rather than competing coiled tubing units and older or lower-spec well service rigs. As of May 19, 2017, all but one of our well service rigs meets these specifications, and approximately 78% of our well service rigs exceed these specifications with HP ratings of at least 500 HP and mast heights of at least 104 feet, making our fleet particularly well-suited to perform high-margin, horizontal well completion and production operations. The only rig in our fleet that is not high-spec is generally deployed only for plugging and abandonment operations on conventional vertical wells.
The high-spec well service rigs in our existing fleet, a substantial majority of which has been built since 2012, have an average age of approximately four years and feature modern operating components sourced from leading U.S. manufacturers such as National Oilwell Varco, Inc. ("NOV"). In February 2017, to meet expected customer demand, we entered into a purchase agreement (as subsequently amended, the "NOV Purchase Agreement") with NOV, pursuant to which we expect to accept delivery of an additional 27 high-spec well service rigs periodically throughout the remainder of 2017. However, NOV is not obligated pursuant to the NOV Purchase Agreement to deliver such high-spec well service rigs during 2017, and will not face penalties for delayed delivery, regardless of the length or cause of any delay. As a result of the NOV Purchase Agreement, our well service rig fleet will expand to 95 rigs, 94 of which will be high-spec. The following table provides summary information regarding our high-spec well service rig fleet, including the additional rigs that we expect to be delivered during the remainder of 2017. For additional information, please see "BusinessProperties and EquipmentEquipmentWell Services."
HP Rating(1)
|
Mast Height | Mast Rating(2) | Manufacturer & Model | Number of High-Spec Rigs |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
600 HP |
112' - 117' | 300,000 - 350,000 lbs | NOV 6-C | 5 | * | ||||||
500 - 550 HP |
104' - 108' | 250,000 - 275,000 lbs | NOV 5-C and equivalent | 69 | ** | ||||||
450 - 475 HP |
102' - 104' | 200,000 - 250,000 lbs | NOV 4-C and equivalent | 20 | *** | ||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Total |
94 |
- (1)
- Per
manufacturer.
- (2)
- The
mast ratings of our high-spec well service rigs complement their high operating HP and tall mast heights by allowing such rigs to safely support the higher
weights associated with the long tubing strings used in long-lateral well completion operations.
- *
- Includes
four rigs expected to be delivered during the remainder of 2017, two of which we expect to have extended mast heights of 117 feet.
- **
- Includes
17 rigs expected to be delivered during the remainder of 2017.
- ***
- Includes six rigs expected to be delivered during the remainder of 2017.
The composition of our well service rig fleet makes it particularly well-suited to provide both completion-oriented services, the demand for which generally increases along with increased capital spending by E&P operators, and production-oriented services, the demand for which is less influenced, on a comparative basis, by such capital spending. The ability of our well service rigs to accommodate the needs of our E&P customers in a variety of economic conditions has historically allowed us to
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maintain relatively high rig utilization as compared to our competitors. For example, our rig utilization (as defined in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsHow We Evaluate Our OperationsRig Utilization") during 2016 and the first quarter of 2017 was approximately 74% and 81%, respectively, which we believe to be significantly higher than that of our publicly listed competitors in the United States over such periods.
In addition to our core well service rig operations, we offer a suite of complementary services, including wireline, snubbing, fluid management and well service-related equipment rentals. Our rental equipment includes well control packages and hydraulic catwalks, which are typically deployed in conjunction with high-spec well service rigs. These complementary services and equipment are typically procured by the same decision-makers at our customers that procure our well service rigs and are provided by our same field personnel, generating incremental revenues per job while limiting our incremental costs. Our complementary well completion and production services and equipment strategically enhance our operating footprint, create operational efficiencies for our customers and allow us to capture a greater portion of their spending across the lifecycle of a well.
We also provide a range of proprietary, modular equipment for the processing of rich natural gas streams at the wellhead or central gathering points in basins where drilling and completion activity has outpaced the development of permanent processing infrastructure. Our fleet of more than 25 MRUs is modern, reliable and equipped to handle large volumes of natural gas from conventional and unconventional wells while operating across a broad array of oilfield conditions with minimal downtime and maintenance. Our customers rely on our purpose-built MRUs to process natural gas to meet pipeline specifications, extract higher value NGLs, process natural gas to conform to the specifications of fuel gas that can be used at wellsites and facilities, and to reduce the amount of hydrocarbons at the flare tip to control emissions of hazardous VOCs.
We have focused on combining our high-spec rig fleet, complementary well service operations and processing solutions with a highly skilled and experienced workforce, which enables us to consistently and efficiently deliver exceptional service while maintaining high health, safety and environmental standards. We believe that our strong operational performance and safety record provides a strong competitive advantage with current and prospective E&P customers.
We believe the demand for our services will continue to increase as a result of a number of favorable industry trends. Demand for oilfield services is primarily driven by the level of drilling, completion and production activity by E&P companies, which, in turn, depends largely on the current and anticipated profitability of developing oil and natural gas reserves. Crude oil prices have increased from their lows of $26.21 per barrel ("Bbl") in early 2016 to $49.33 per Bbl at the end of April 2017 (based on the Cushing West Texas Intermediate Spot Oil Price ("WTI")), but remain approximately 54% lower than a high of $107.26 per Bbl in June 2014. Natural gas prices have increased from their lows of $1.64 per million British Thermal Units ("MMBtu") in early 2016 to $3.17 per MMBtu at the end of April 2017 (based on the Henry Hub Natural Gas Spot Price), but remain approximately 61% lower than a high of $8.15 per MMBtu in February 2014. Drilling and completion activity by E&P companies has increased along with increased commodity prices. Although our cost of services has also historically risen along with increased commodity prices and may rise faster than increases in our revenues, we believe that we will benefit from the increased demand for our services that we expect would result from increased commodity prices. Additionally, we believe there are long term fundamental demand trends that will continue to benefit us, including:
-
- Increasing complexity of well completion operations, including longer laterals and a greater number of frac stages per well;
-
- Increasing percentage of rigs that are drilling horizontal wells;
3
-
- Increasing percentage of total production attributable to older horizontal wells;
-
- Shift towards liquids-rich development that is reliant on artificial lift technologies and associated well maintenance and workover operations;
-
- Sizable inventory of DUC wells requiring completion; and
-
- Increasing customer focus on well-capitalized, safe and efficient service providers that can meet or exceed their health, safety and environmental requirements.
Historically, the well services market in the United States has primarily been driven by well maintenance and workover operations on conventional, vertical wells. However, Coras estimates that more than 100,000 new horizontal shale wells have been brought online over the last decade, driven by a structural shift towards unconventional resource development. According to data from the Energy Information Administration and Drillinginfo, the contribution of horizontal wells to total onshore U.S. crude oil production has increased rapidly over the last five years, representing approximately 66% of such production from the lower 48 states in 2016 as compared to approximately 39% in 2012. Further, the contribution to total onshore U.S. crude oil production of horizontal wells completed more than three years ago, which are typically the most likely to require workover and maintenance services, represented approximately 16% of such production in the lower 48 states in 2016, or approximately four times greater than that in 2012. In addition, according to Spears, a total of approximately 66,900 new horizontal wells are expected to be drilled in the United States from 2017 to 2021. Going forward, unconventional horizontal wells are expected to drive the demand for high-spec well service rigs both for completion of new wells and for maintenance and workover operations to sustain production on the increasing population of existing wells. To the extent that the oil and natural gas industry recovers from the recent prolonged decline in activity, we expect that demand for our higher-margin, completion-oriented services will grow at a faster rate in the near-term than that for our production-oriented services.
In addition to the demand trends cited above, we believe pricing for our services will be further enhanced as a result of the following supply factors:
-
- Limited existing base of high-spec well service rigs;
-
- Aging of existing well services equipment given the limited investment since the industry downturn in late 2014;
-
- Limited number of manufacturers capable of building high-spec well service rigs; and
-
- Lesser reliability of alternative techniques, including coiled tubing, for high-complexity well completions.
According to Coras, the vast majority of well service rigs in the United States are poorly suited for unconventional, long-lateral horizontal well applications. Coras classifies well service rigs with capacities of 450 HP or more and mast heights of 102 feet or higher as high-spec well service rigs that are ideally suited to service unconventional horizontal wells. According to Coras, the U.S. oil and natural gas industry is expected to require 1,000 to 1,500 of such ideally suited high-spec well service rigs over the next three years, as compared to an estimated total industry fleet of 770 as of February 28, 2017.
Moreover, alternative techniques for well completion, such as the deployment of coiled tubing units for drill-out operations, have increasingly become less common as wellbore lateral lengths have continued to increase beyond the point where coiled tubing can reliably be deployed for well completion. Based on discussions with our E&P customers, we believe that coiled tubing units generally begin to decrease in effectiveness at lateral lengths in excess of 8,000 feet. Spears estimates that in 2016, wells with lateral lengths in excess of 8,000 feet accounted for approximately 98% of the horizontal wells drilled in the Bakken Shale, approximately 50% of the horizontal wells drilled in the
4
Permian Basin and approximately 42% of the horizontal wells drilled in the Rocky Mountains region, including the Denver-Julesburg Basin. Increased lateral lengths in these and other basins are generally prompting operators to shift from using coiled tubing units to more reliable high-spec well service rigs. For example, according to Qittitut, approximately 45% of horizontal well completion drill-outs in 2016 were completed with well service rigs, as compared to approximately 25% in 2012.
As a result of the supply and demand trends listed above, we expect to benefit from enhanced pricing for our services and continued industry-leading utilization. We believe that increased demand for our services as a result of commodity price trends and the increasing complexity of well completion operations, along with the limited supply of high-spec well service rigs and the relative unreliability of alternative well servicing techniques, present a unique market opportunity for our high-spec well service rig operations and related services.
We believe that the following strengths will position us to achieve our primary business objective of creating value for our shareholders:
Leading Provider of High-Spec Well Service Rigs and Associated Services
We have invested in a premier fleet of well service rigs designed to efficiently execute technically challenging horizontal well completion programs as well as production-oriented well maintenance, workover and decommissioning operations. In February 2017, we entered into the NOV Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which we expect to accept delivery of an additional 27 high-spec well service rigs periodically throughout the remainder of 2017. As a result of the NOV Purchase Agreement, our total well service rig fleet will expand to 95 rigs, 94 of which will be high-spec. Based on Coras data, this makes us one of the largest independent providers of high-spec well service rigs and associated services in the United States. Further, we believe that our fleet of high-spec well service rigs is among the youngest fleet of well service rigs in the industry and is therefore more reliable and better suited to perform work on long lateral horizontal wells than the older fleets of many of our competitors. Additionally, our large and increasingly uniform fleet of high-spec well service rigs facilitates consistency in maintenance, training, in-field performance and service quality to customers. As horizontal well complexity continues to increase, we expect our customers will increasingly rely on high-spec well service rigs to perform both completion and production services. Consequently, we expect demand growth for our fleet of well service rigs to outpace that for many of our competitors' fleets.
Balanced Exposure to Completion and Production Activity
The composition of our well service rig fleet makes it particularly well-suited to provide both completion-oriented and production-oriented services. Accordingly, we benefit from increased exposure to high-margin unconventional well completion support operations during periods of increased completion activity while maintaining stable growth through workover, well maintenance and decommissioning operations on the growing base of producing wells. The ability of our well service rigs to accommodate the needs of our E&P customers in a variety of economic conditions has historically allowed us to maintain relatively high well service rig utilization as compared to our competitors. For example, our rig utilization during 2016 and the first quarter of 2017 was approximately 74% and 81%, respectively, which we believe to be significantly higher than that of our publicly listed competitors in the United States over such periods. Going forward, we believe that our balanced exposure to completion and production activity will continue to result in relatively high well service rig utilization as compared to our competitors.
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Proprietary Natural Gas and NGL Processing Solutions
We have developed a premium offering that includes proprietary designs on modern processing equipment, including modular MRUs that process natural gas at the wellhead or central gathering points to meet pipeline specifications, extract higher value NGLs, provide fuel gas for wellsites and facilities and reduce emissions at the flare tip. To facilitate the processing of rich natural gas streams in basins where drilling and completion activity has outpaced the development of permanent processing infrastructure, we typically enter into six- to twelve-month rental agreements with customers for our full-service, turnkey solutions, providing us with relatively stable cash flows as compared to the shorter-term agreements often used for similar equipment and services. Our modular units provide flexibility across a broad range of project requirements and operating environments, and are designed to allow for quick mobilization to minimize downtime and increase utilization, particularly in conjunction with the operational support provided by our expert field personnel. We expect our advanced technology and high-quality service to continue to drive market penetration across the multiple basins in which we operate.
Deep Relationships with Blue-Chip E&P Customers across Multiple Basins
We are headquartered in Houston, Texas, and have an extensive operating footprint in key unconventional energy plays, including the Permian Basin, the Denver-Julesburg Basin, the Eagle Ford Shale and the Bakken Shale, which are among the most prolific unconventional resource plays in the United States. Our relationships with our broad customer base, which includes EOG Resources, Inc., Noble Energy, Inc., Oasis Petroleum Inc., PDC Energy Inc. and Statoil ASA, enabled us during the recent downturn to maintain higher utilization and stronger financial results than many of our competitors. Our track record of consistently providing high-quality, safe and reliable service has allowed us to develop long-term customer partnerships, which we believe makes us the service provider of choice for many of our customers. For example, in 2014, we entered into a five-year take-or-pay contract (the "EOG Contract") with EOG Resources, Inc. for three well service rigs, which was increased in 2015 to six well service rigs, operating in the Eagle Ford Shale in South Texas. Pursuant to the EOG Contract, EOG Resources, Inc. is generally obligated, with respect to each contracted well service rig, to utilize such well service rig for an average annual minimum of 2,750 hours at a stated rate based on our costs and other adjustments plus a mark-up that is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances based on market conditions and other factors. Further, during 2016, we worked for 148 distinct customers, including 33 publicly traded companies, with no customer accounting for more than 20% of our annual revenues. As our customers increase their drilling and completion activity, we expect to continue to leverage our current relationships to expand our geographic footprint and to facilitate continued growth in the basins in which we currently operate.
Strong Balance Sheet Enables Strategic Deployment of Capital
We believe our balance sheet strength has allowed us to continue to invest in our equipment and meet working capital requirements required for a fast growing business, while also providing flexibility to opportunistically pursue expansion opportunities. We believe that larger E&P operators prefer well-capitalized service providers that are better positioned to meet service requirements and financial obligations. Many of our primary competitors have high levels of total debt or recently emerged from bankruptcy during which they significantly reduced their capital and maintenance expenditures. By contrast, after giving effect to this offering and the use of proceeds therefrom, we expect to have no outstanding debt, $ million of borrowing capacity under a senior secured revolving credit facility that we intend to enter into in connection with the closing of this offering (our "Credit Facility") and approximately $ million of cash on the balance sheet (based on our cash balance as of March 31, 2017), providing us with ample liquidity to support strategic investments to continue to grow our business and enhance market share.
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Experienced Management Team Reinforces Dedication to Safety and Reliability
The members of our management team are seasoned operating, financial and administrative executives with extensive experience in and knowledge of the oilfield services industry. Our senior executives have a strong track record in establishing oilfield service companies and growing them organically and through strategic acquisitions. Our management team is led by our President and Chief Executive Officer, Darron M. Anderson, who has more than 26 years of oil and natural gas experience and a track record of leadership in the oilfield services industry. Each member of our management team possesses significant leadership and operational experience with long tenures in the industry and respective careers at leading companies. We believe that the commitment of our management team to building and supporting a strong company culture has driven our consistent track record of reliability and safety. During 2016, our Total Recordable Incident Rates ("TRIR") in our Well Services and Processing Solutions segments were 0.72 and 0.00, respectively. Our history of safe operations enables us to qualify for projects with industry leading E&P customers that have stringent safety requirements.
We believe that we will be able to achieve our primary business objective of creating value for our shareholders by executing on the following strategies:
Capitalize on the Expected Increase in Demand for High-Spec Well Service Rigs
As a leading owner and operator of modern high-spec well service rigs with an operating footprint and customer relationships in the most active unconventional oil and natural gas basins in the United States, we believe that our company is well positioned to capitalize efficiently on a recovery in unconventional completion and production activity and the resulting demand for high-spec well service rigs. Further, we expect that the relatively high current inventory of DUC wells will drive demand growth for horizontal well completion services that will outpace the growth in the U.S. onshore drilling rig count. Industry reports by Spears forecast that the U.S. onshore market for completion equipment and services is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 26% through 2021, primarily driven by unconventional horizontal wells. We intend to leverage our high quality assets to strategically target higher-margin, horizontal completions-oriented work that typically exceeds the capabilities of coiled tubing and older, lower specification well service rigs. Unconventional oil wells in particular typically require frequent intervention as a result of relatively high utilization of downhole tools and equipment. As the growing base of unconventional producing wells ages, we expect E&P operators to increasingly deploy well service programs in order to increase and sustain production. We are well positioned to provide these services throughout the life of the well to meet this demand, including through well completion support services, workover operations and well maintenance, which should result in stable growth, increased asset utilization, enhanced profitability and relatively limited cyclicality.
Grow Our Fleet of High-Spec Well Service Rigs, Modular MRUs and Associated Equipment
We have invested in a fleet of high-spec well service rigs through a combination of purchasing new-build rigs from leading U.S. manufacturers and by acquiring and integrating assets from other companies. As a result of the NOV Purchase Agreement, we expect to accept delivery of an additional 27 high-spec rigs periodically throughout the remainder of 2017. Further, in connection with our continued investment in high-spec well service rigs capable of meeting the most challenging horizontal well demands, we intend to accelerate our utilization of innovative technology systems allowing for the immediate collection and analysis of rig performance data. This data will allow us to operate among the highest levels of efficiency while assisting our customers in developing best well servicing practices.
We have also invested in differentiated and proprietary assets in our equipment rentals business, including our modern, reliable fleet of modular MRUs. We expect to leverage our strong balance sheet
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and continue to strategically deploy additional capital to invest in high-spec well service rigs, purpose-built MRUs and complementary rental equipment to service our customers' well completion, production and processing operations.
Develop and Expand Relationships with Existing and New Customers
We serve well-capitalized customers that we believe will be critical to the long-term development of conventional and unconventional domestic onshore resources in the United States. We intend to continue developing long-term relationships with our customer base of leading E&P operators that value safe and reliable operations and have the financial stability and flexibility to weather most industry cycles. We believe that our strong track record of performance combined with our fleet of high-spec well service rigs will allow us to both develop new customer relationships and expand our existing customer relationships through cross-selling opportunities with respect to our complementary equipment and services. Furthermore, many of our customers have established operations throughout the United States, which we intend to leverage as opportunities for us to enter new geographic regions as well as further strengthen our presence in the regions where we currently operate.
Maintain a Conservative Balance Sheet to Pursue Organic and External Growth Opportunities
We intend to maintain a conservative approach to managing our balance sheet to preserve operational and strategic flexibility. We actively manage our liquidity by monitoring cash flow, capital spending and debt capacity. For example, as of March 31, 2017, we had only approximately $22.5 million of total combined consolidated long-term debt, all of which, as well as the additional $3.5 million incurred under the Ranger Bridge Loan (as defined herein) in April and May 2017, has been or will be repaid prior to or in connection with the consummation of this offering. Our focus on maintaining a strong balance sheet has enabled us to execute our strategy through industry volatility and commodity price cycles. We expect to fund the expansion of our high-spec well service rig fleet and continue to grow our operations with the proceeds from this offering, cash flow from operations, availability under our Credit Facility and capital markets offerings when appropriate.
Reinforce Strong Company Culture through Employee Retention and Dedication to Safety
We believe that our technically skilled personnel enable us to provide consistently reliable services while maintaining an excellent safety record that surpasses industry averages and meets the expectations of our leading E&P customers. By reinforcing our strong company culture, fostering a dedication to safety through the maintenance of stringent employee screening and training and providing opportunities to work with modern equipment and leading technologies, we expect to continue to experience relatively low turnover of our highly skilled workforce and attract additional talent to continue to deliver exceptional service to our customers.
We believe that our strong growth has been augmented by our relationship with CSL, our equity sponsor. We believe that we will continue to benefit from CSL's investment experience in the oilfield services sector, its expertise in effecting transactions and its support for our near-term and long-term strategic initiatives.
CSL is an SEC-registered private equity firm founded in early 2008 and headquartered in Houston, Texas, that invests in energy services companies and entrepreneurs with a focus on oilfield services opportunities. Since its inception, CSL has raised in excess of $1.4 billion in equity capital and commitments across various investment vehicles, including startups, growth equity, recapitalizations and restructurings in energy services, consumables and equipment. The CSL team has deep sector expertise in the energy industry and takes a hands-on approach to investments, relying on organic growth and
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strategic thinking to generate investment success. CSL's investors include financial institutions, endowments, foundations, family offices and high net worth individuals.
Upon completion of this offering, the Existing Owners will initially own shares of Class A common stock, Ranger Units and shares of Class B common stock, representing approximately % of the voting power of our capital stock. CSL holds a majority of the voting interests in each of the Existing Owners.
For more information on CSL and the ownership of our common stock by our principal and selling shareholders, including the Existing Owners, see "Corporate Reorganization" and "Principal and Selling Shareholders."
Our History and Corporate Reorganization
Ranger Services was, through Ranger Holdings, formed by CSL in June 2014 as a provider of high-spec well service rigs and associated services. Torrent Services was, through Torrent Holdings, acquired by CSL in September 2014 as a provider of proprietary, modular equipment for the processing of natural gas. In June 2016, CSL indirectly acquired substantially all of the assets of Magna Energy Services, LLC ("Magna"), a provider of well services and wireline services, which it contributed to Ranger Services in September 2016. In October 2016, Ranger Services acquired substantially all of the assets of Bayou Workover Services, LLC ("Bayou"), an owner and operator of high-spec well service rigs. The historical combined consolidated financial information of our Predecessor included in this prospectus presents the historical financial information of the Predecessor Companies, including, as applicable, the results of operations of Magna and Bayou for periods subsequent to their respective acquisitions.
Ranger Inc. was incorporated as a Delaware corporation in February 2017. Following this offering and the corporate reorganization described below, Ranger Inc. will be a holding company, the sole material assets of which will consist of membership interests in Ranger LLC. Ranger LLC will own all of the outstanding equity interests in Ranger Services and Torrent Services, the subsidiaries through which it will operate its assets. After the consummation of the corporate reorganization described below, Ranger Inc. will be the sole managing member of Ranger LLC, will be responsible for all operational, management and administrative decisions relating to Ranger LLC's business and will consolidate the financial results of Ranger LLC and its subsidiaries.
In connection with this offering, the Existing Owners will effect a series of restructuring transactions, as a result of which (a) Ranger Holdings II and Torrent Holdings II will contribute certain of the equity interests in the Predecessor Companies to Ranger LLC in exchange for an aggregate of shares of Class A common stock, (b) Ranger Holdings and Torrent Holdings will contribute the remaining membership interests in the Predecessor Companies to Ranger LLC in exchange for units in Ranger LLC ("Ranger Units"), (c) Ranger Inc. will issue and contribute shares of its Class B common stock and all of the net proceeds received by it in this offering to Ranger LLC in exchange for Ranger Units and (d) Ranger LLC will distribute to each of Ranger Holdings and Torrent Holdings one share of Class B common stock for each Ranger Unit such Existing Owner holds. To the extent the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full or in part, Ranger Inc. will contribute the net proceeds received by it therefrom to Ranger LLC in exchange for an additional number of Ranger Units equal to the number of shares of Class A common stock issued by it pursuant to the underwriters' option. Ranger LLC will use such net proceeds to purchase from Ranger Holdings and Torrent Holdings an aggregate number of Ranger Units equal to the number of shares of Class A common stock issued by Ranger Inc. pursuant to the underwriters' option.
After giving effect to these transactions and the offering contemplated by this prospectus, Ranger Inc. will own an approximate % interest in Ranger LLC (or % if the underwriters'
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option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full) and the Existing Owners will own an approximate % interest in Ranger LLC (or % if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full). Please see "Principal and Selling Shareholders" and "Use of Proceeds."
Each share of Class B common stock has no economic rights but entitles its holder to one vote on all matters to be voted on by shareholders generally. Holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock will vote together as a single class on all matters presented to our shareholders for their vote or approval, except as otherwise required by applicable law or by our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. We do not intend to list our Class B common stock on any exchange.
Following this offering, under the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Ranger LLC (the "Ranger LLC Agreement"), each holder (a "Ranger Unit Holder") of Ranger Units will, subject to certain limitations, have the right (the "Redemption Right") to cause Ranger LLC to acquire all or a portion of its Ranger Units (along with a corresponding number of shares of our Class B common stock) for, at Ranger LLC's election, (i) shares of our Class A common stock at a redemption ratio of one share of Class A common stock for each Ranger Unit redeemed, subject to conversion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends, reclassification and other similar transactions, or (ii) cash in an amount equal to the Cash Election Value (as defined herein) of such Class A common stock. We will determine whether to issue shares of Class A common stock or cash in an amount equal to the Cash Election Value based on facts in existence at the time of the decision, which we expect would include the trading prices for the Class A common stock at the time relative to the cash purchase price for the Ranger Units, the availability of other sources of liquidity (such as an issuance of preferred stock) to acquire the Ranger Units and alternative uses for such cash. Alternatively, upon the exercise of the Redemption Right, Ranger Inc. (instead of Ranger LLC) will have the right (the "Call Right") to, for administrative convenience, acquire each tendered Ranger Unit directly from the redeeming Ranger Unit Holder for, at its election, (x) one share of Class A common stock or (y) cash in an amount equal to the value of a share of Class A common stock, based on a volume-weighted average price. In addition, upon a change of control of us, we have the right to require each Ranger Unit Holder (other than us) to exercise its Redemption Right with respect to some or all of such unitholder's Ranger Units. In connection with any redemption of Ranger Units pursuant to the Redemption Right or our Call Right, the corresponding number of shares of Class B common stock will be cancelled. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsRanger LLC Agreement."
Our acquisition (or deemed acquisition for U.S. federal income tax purposes) of Ranger Units pursuant to an exercise of the Redemption Right or the Call Right is expected to result in adjustments to the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Ranger LLC, and such adjustments will be allocated to us. These adjustments would not have been available to us absent our acquisition or deemed acquisition of Ranger Units and are expected to reduce the amount of cash tax that we would otherwise be required to pay in the future.
In connection with the closing of this offering, we will enter into a Tax Receivable Agreement (the "Tax Receivable Agreement") with certain of the Ranger Unit Holders and their permitted transferees (each such person, a "TRA Holder" and, together, the "TRA Holders"). The Tax Receivable Agreement will generally provide for the payment by Ranger Inc. to each TRA Holder of 85% of the net cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax and franchise tax that Ranger Inc. actually realizes (computed using the estimated impact of state and local taxes) or is deemed to realize in certain circumstances in periods after this offering as a result of (i) certain increases in tax basis that occur as a result of Ranger Inc.'s acquisition (or deemed acquisition for U.S. federal income tax purposes) of all or a portion of such TRA Holder's Ranger Units in connection with this offering or pursuant to the exercise of the Redemption Right or the Call Right and (ii) imputed interest deemed to be paid by Ranger Inc. as a result of, and additional tax basis arising from, any payments
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Ranger Inc. makes under the Tax Receivable Agreement. Ranger Inc. will retain the benefit of the remaining 15% of these cash savings.
Payments will generally be made under the Tax Receivable Agreement as we realize actual cash tax savings in periods after this offering from the tax benefits covered by the Tax Receivable Agreement. However, if we experience a change of control (as defined under the Tax Receivable Agreement, which includes certain mergers, asset sales and other forms of business combinations) or the Tax Receivable Agreement terminates early (at our election or as a result of our breach), we would be required to make a substantial, immediate lump-sum payment, and such payment may be significantly in advance of, and may materially exceed, the actual realization, if any, of the future tax benefits to which the payment relates. Ranger Inc. is a holding company and accordingly will be dependent upon distributions from Ranger LLC to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. It is expected that payments will continue to be made under the Tax Receivable Agreement for more than 20 to 25 years. For additional information regarding the Tax Receivable Agreement, see "Risk FactorsRisks Related to Our Corporate Reorganization and Resulting Structure" and "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsTax Receivable Agreement."
The Existing Owners will have the right, under certain circumstances, to cause us to register the offer and resale of their shares of Class A common stock. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsRegistration Rights Agreement."
The following diagram indicates our simplified ownership structure immediately following this offering and the transactions related thereto (assuming that the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is not exercised):
- (1)
- CSL,
certain members of our management and other investors own all of the equity interests in the Existing Owners, and CSL holds a majority of the voting interests
in each of the Existing Owners.
- (2)
- Includes Ranger Services and Torrent Services.
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Investing in our Class A common stock involves risks. You should read carefully the section of this prospectus entitled "Risk Factors" for an explanation of these risks before investing in our Class A common stock. In particular, the following considerations may offset our competitive strengths or have a negative effect on our strategy or operating activities, which could cause a decrease in the price of our Class A common stock and a loss of all or part of your investment.
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- Our business depends on domestic capital spending by the oil and natural gas industry, and reductions in such capital spending could have a
material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.
-
- The volatility of oil and natural gas prices may adversely affect the demand for our services and negatively impact our results of operations.
-
- Our operations are subject to inherent risks, some of which are beyond our control. These risks may be self-insured, or may not be fully
covered under our insurance policies.
-
- Reliance upon a few large customers may adversely affect our revenues and operating results.
-
- We face intense competition that may cause us to lose market share and could negatively affect our ability to market our services and expand
our operations.
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- We currently rely on a limited number of third-party manufacturers to build the new high-spec well service rigs that we purchase, and such
reliance exposes us to risks including price and timing of delivery.
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- Our operating history may not be sufficient for investors to evaluate our business and prospects.
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- The growth of our business through acquisitions may expose us to various risks, including those relating to difficulties in identifying
suitable, accretive acquisition opportunities and integrating businesses, assets and personnel, as well as difficulties in obtaining financing for targeted acquisitions and the potential for increased
leverage or debt service requirements.
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- We will incur significant capital expenditures for new equipment as we grow our operations and may be required to incur further capital
expenditures as a result of advancements in oilfield services technologies.
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- Increases in the scope or pace of midstream infrastructure development, or decreased federal or state regulation of natural gas pipelines,
could decrease demand for our services.
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- We may be unable to employ or retain a sufficient number of skilled and experienced workers.
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- Delays or restrictions in obtaining permits by us for our operations or by our customers for their operations could impair our business.
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- Federal, state and local legislative and regulatory initiatives relating to induced seismicity could result in operating restrictions or delays
in the drilling and completion of oil and natural gas wells that may reduce demand for our services and could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition,
prospects and results of operations.
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- Changes in transportation regulations may increase our costs and negatively impact our results of operations.
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- We are subject to environmental and occupational health and safety laws and regulations that may expose us to significant costs and
liabilities.
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- Ranger Services has had difficulty maintaining compliance with the covenants and ratios required under the Ranger Line of Credit and Ranger Note (each as defined herein). We may
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- We rely on a few key employees whose absence or loss could adversely affect our business.
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- We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and may identify additional material weaknesses in the
future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, which may result in material misstatements of our financial statements or cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting
obligations.
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- CSL has the ability to direct the voting of a majority of our voting stock, and its interests may conflict with those of our other
shareholders.
-
- We expect to be a "controlled company" within the meaning of NYSE rules and, as a result, will qualify for and intend to rely on exemptions
from certain corporate governance requirements.
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- We are a holding company. Our sole material asset after completion of this offering will be our equity interest in Ranger LLC, and we will be accordingly dependent upon distributions from Ranger LLC to pay taxes, make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement and cover our corporate and other overhead expenses.
have similar difficulties with the new Credit Facility that we expect to enter into in connection with the consummation of this offering. Failure to maintain compliance with these financial covenants or ratios could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Emerging Growth Company Status
We are an "emerging growth company" within the meaning of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the "JOBS Act"). For as long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with certain requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not "emerging growth companies" within the meaning of the JOBS Act, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ("Sarbanes-Oxley") and the reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports. In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), for complying with new or revised accounting standards. We have irrevocably opted out of the extended transition period and, as a result, we will adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies. We have elected to adopt certain of the reduced disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies. For a description of the qualifications and other requirements applicable to emerging growth companies and certain elections that we have made due to our status as an emerging growth company, see "Risk FactorsRelated to this Offering and Our Class A Common StockFor as long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with certain reporting requirements, including those relating to accounting standards and disclosure about our executive compensation, that apply to other public companies."
Because CSL, through its interests in the Existing Owners, will initially hold approximately % of the voting power of our capital stock following the completion of this offering, we expect to be a controlled company as of the completion of the offering under Sarbanes-Oxley and NYSE rules. A controlled company does not need its board of directors to have a majority of independent directors or to form an independent compensation or nominating and corporate governance committee. As a controlled company, we will remain subject to rules of Sarbanes-Oxley and the NYSE that require us to have an audit committee composed entirely of independent directors. Under these rules, we must have
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at least one independent director on our audit committee by the date our Class A common stock is listed on the NYSE, at least two independent directors on our audit committee within 90 days of the listing date, and at least three independent directors on our audit committee within one year of the listing date. We expect to have independent directors upon the closing of this offering.
If at any time we cease to be a controlled company, we will take all action necessary to comply with Sarbanes-Oxley and NYSE rules, including by appointing a majority of independent directors to our board of directors and ensuring we have a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee, each composed entirely of independent directors, subject to a permitted "phase-in" period.
Initially, our board of directors will consist of a single class of directors each serving one-year terms. After CSL and its affiliates no longer collectively hold more than 50% of the voting power of our common stock, our board of directors will be divided into three classes of directors, with each class as equal in number as possible, serving staggered three-year terms, and such directors will be removable only for "cause." See "ManagementStatus as a Controlled Company."
Our principal executive offices are located at 800 Gessner Street, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77024, and our telephone number at that address is (713) 935-8900. Our website address is www.rangerenergy.com. Information contained on our website does not constitute part of this prospectus.
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Class A common stock offered by us |
shares ( shares if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full). | |
Class A common stock offered by the selling shareholders |
shares if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full. |
|
Class A common stock to be outstanding immediately after completion of this offering |
shares ( shares if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full). |
|
Class B common stock to be outstanding immediately after completion of this offering |
shares ( shares if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full), or one share for each Ranger Unit held by the Existing Owners immediately following this offering. Class B shares are non-economic. When a Ranger Unit is redeemed for a share of Class A common stock, a corresponding share of Class B common stock will be cancelled. |
|
Voting power of Class A common stock after giving effect to this offering |
% (or % if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full). The voting power of our Class A common stock would be 100% if all outstanding Ranger Units held by the Ranger Unit Holders were redeemed (along with a corresponding number of shares of our Class B common stock) for newly issued shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. |
|
Voting power of Class B common stock after giving effect to this offering |
% (or % if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full). The voting power of our Class B common stock would be 0% if all outstanding Ranger Units held by the Ranger Unit Holders were redeemed (along with a corresponding number of shares of our Class B common stock) for newly issued shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. |
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Voting rights |
Each share of our Class A common stock entitles its holder to one vote on all matters to be voted on by shareholders generally. Each share of our Class B common stock entitles its holder to one vote on all matters to be voted on by shareholders generally. Holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock vote together as a single class on all matters presented to our shareholders for their vote or approval, except as otherwise required by applicable law or by our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. See "Description of Capital Stock." |
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Use of proceeds |
We expect to receive approximately $ million of net proceeds from the sale of Class A common stock, after deducting underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses payable by us (assuming the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the public offering price would increase (decrease) our net proceeds by approximately $ million. | |
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We intend to contribute all of the net proceeds received by us in this offering to Ranger LLC in exchange for Ranger Units. Ranger LLC will use approximately $29.1 million of the net proceeds to fully repay amounts outstanding under the Ranger Line of Credit, the Ranger Note and the Ranger Bridge Loan (including the make-whole premium thereon), and approximately $38.6 million of the net proceeds to acquire high-spec well service rigs, including pursuant to the NOV Purchase Agreement. Ranger LLC will use the remaining net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including funding potential future acquisitions and other capital expenditures. | |
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To the extent the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full or in part, Ranger Inc. will contribute the net proceeds received by it therefrom to Ranger LLC in exchange for an additional number of Ranger Units equal to the number of shares of Class A common stock issued by it pursuant to the underwriters' option. Ranger LLC will use such net proceeds to purchase from Ranger Holdings and Torrent Holdings an aggregate number of Ranger Units equal to the number of shares of Class A common stock issued by Ranger Inc. pursuant to the underwriters' option. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling shareholders. Please see "Use of Proceeds." | |
Dividend policy |
We currently anticipate that we will retain all future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. We do not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Please see "Dividend Policy." |
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Redemption rights of Ranger Unit Holders |
Following this offering, under the Ranger LLC Agreement, each Ranger Unit Holder will, subject to certain limitations, have the right, pursuant to the Redemption Right, to cause Ranger LLC to acquire all or a portion of its Ranger Units (along with a corresponding number of shares of our Class B common stock) for, at Ranger LLC's election, (i) shares of our Class A common stock at a redemption ratio of one share of Class A common stock for each Ranger Unit redeemed, subject to conversion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends, reclassification and other similar transactions, or (ii) cash in an amount equal to the Cash Election Value of such Class A common stock. Alternatively, upon the exercise of the Redemption Right, Ranger Inc. (instead of Ranger LLC) will have the right, pursuant to the Call Right, to acquire each tendered Ranger Unit directly from the redeeming Ranger Unit Holder for, at its election, (x) one share of Class A common stock or (y) cash in an amount equal to the value of a share of Class A common stock, based on a volume-weighted average price. In addition, upon a change of control of us, we have the right to require each Ranger Unit Holder (other than us) to exercise its Redemption Right with respect to some or all of such unitholder's Ranger Units. In connection with any redemption of Ranger Units pursuant to the Redemption Right or our Call Right, the corresponding number of shares of Class B common stock will be cancelled. Please see "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsRanger LLC Agreement." | |
Tax Receivable Agreement |
Our acquisition (or deemed acquisition for U.S. federal income tax purposes) of Ranger Units pursuant to an exercise of the Redemption Right or the Call Right is expected to result in adjustments to the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of Ranger LLC, and such adjustments will be allocated to us. These adjustments would not have been available to use absent our acquisition or deemed acquisition of Ranger Units and are expected to reduce the amount of cash tax that we would otherwise be required to pay in the future. In connection with the closing of this offering, we will enter into a Tax Receivable Agreement with the TRA Holders that will generally provide for the payment by us to each TRA Holder of 85% of the net cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax and franchise tax that we actually realize or are deemed to realize in certain circumstances in periods after this offering as a result of certain tax basis increases and certain tax benefits attributable to imputed interest. We will retain the benefit of the remaining 15% of these cash savings. See "Risk FactorsRisks Related to Our Corporate Reorganization and Resulting Structure" and "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsTax Receivable Agreement." |
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Directed share program |
The underwriters have reserved for sale at the initial public offering price up to % of the Class A common stock being offered by this prospectus for sale to our employees, executive officers, directors, business associates and related persons who have expressed an interest in purchasing Class A common stock in this offering. We do not know if these persons will choose to purchase all or any portion of those reserved shares, but any purchases they do make will reduce the number of shares available to the general public. See "Underwriting." | |
Listing symbol |
We have applied to list our Class A common stock on the NYSE under the symbol "RNGR." | |
Risk factors |
You should carefully read and consider the information set forth under the heading "Risk Factors" and all other information set forth in this prospectus before deciding to invest in our Class A common stock. |
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Summary Historical Combined Consolidated and Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Financial and Operating Data
Ranger Inc. was formed in February 2017 and does not have historical financial results. The following table shows summary historical combined consolidated financial information of our Predecessor and summary unaudited pro forma condensed financial data for the periods and as of the dates indicated. The summary historical combined consolidated financial information at December 31, 2015 and 2016, and for the years then ended, was derived from the historical audited combined consolidated financial statements of our Predecessor included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary historical unaudited condensed combined consolidated financial information at March 31, 2017, and for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2017, was derived from the historical unaudited condensed combined consolidated financial statements of our Predecessor included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The summary unaudited pro forma condensed statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016 has been prepared to give pro forma effect to (i) the acquisitions of Magna and Bayou (each as defined herein), (ii) the transactions described under "Corporate Reorganization" and (iii) this offering and the use of proceeds therefrom, as if each had been completed as of January 1, 2016. The summary unaudited pro forma condensed statement of operations and balance sheet for the three months ended March 31, 2017 have been prepared to give pro forma effect to (i) the transactions described under "Corporate Reorganization" and (ii) this offering and the use of proceeds therefrom, as if each had been completed on January 1, 2016, in the case of the unaudited pro forma condensed statement of operations data, and March 31, 2017, in the case of the unaudited pro forma condensed balance sheet data. This information is subject to and gives effect to the assumptions and adjustments described in the notes accompanying the unaudited pro forma condensed financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary unaudited pro forma condensed financial data are presented for informational purposes only and should not be considered indicative of actual results of operations that would have been achieved had the applicable transactions been consummated on the dates indicated, and do not purport to be indicative of results of operations for any future period. The following table should be read together with "Use of Proceeds," "Selected Historical Combined Consolidated and Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Financial and Operating Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Corporate Reorganization" and the financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
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Predecessor | Pro Forma Ranger Energy Services, Inc. |
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Year Ended December 31, |
Three Months Ended March 31, |
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Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 |
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Year Ended December 31, 2016 |
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2015 | 2016 | 2016 | 2017 | |||||||||||||||
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(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
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(dollars in millions, except share, per share and operational amounts) |
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Statements of Operations Data: |
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Revenues: |
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Well Services |
$ | 9.7 | $ | 46.3 | $ | 3.6 | $ | 27.3 | $ | $ | |||||||||
Processing Solutions |
11.5 | 6.5 | 1.2 | 1.8 | |||||||||||||||
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Total revenues |
21.2 | 52.8 | 4.8 | 29.1 | |||||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
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Cost of services (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately): |
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Well Services |
8.2 | 36.7 | 2.9 | 23.2 | |||||||||||||||
Processing Solutions |
7.9 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | |||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total cost of services |
16.1 | 39.3 | 3.5 | 23.9 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
7.8 | 11.4 | 1.7 | 7.3 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2.1 | 6.6 | 0.9 | 3.6 | |||||||||||||||
Impairment of goodwill |
1.6 | | | | |||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses |
27.6 | 57.3 | 6.1 | 34.8 | |||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating loss |
(6.4 | ) | (4.5 | ) | (1.3 | ) | (5.7 | ) | |||||||||||
Interest expense, net |
(0.3 | ) | (0.5 | ) | (0.1 | ) | (0.5 | ) | |||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss before income taxes |
(6.7 | ) | (5.0 | ) | (1.4 | ) | (6.2 | ) | |||||||||||
Income tax provision(1) |
| | | | |||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss |
$ | (6.7 | ) | $ | (5.0 | ) | $ | (1.4 | ) | $ | (6.2 | ) | $ | $ | |||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interest |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss attributable to shareholders |
$ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss per share: |
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Basic |
$ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
Diluted |
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Weighted average shares outstanding: |
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Basic |
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Diluted |
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Statements of Cash Flows Data: |
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Cash flows used in operating activities |
$ | (5.2 | ) | $ | (5.2 | ) | $ | (0.3 | ) | $ | (6.8 | ) | |||||||
Cash flows used in investing activities |
(25.5 | ) | (25.4 | ) | (1.4 | ) | (7.3 | ) | |||||||||||
Cash flows provided by financing activities |
28.9 | 31.1 | 2.1 | 14.5 | |||||||||||||||
Other Data: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Capital Expenditures |
$ | 26.8 | $ | 12.2 | $ | 1.4 | $ | 11.8 | |||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA(2) |
(2.6 | ) | 3.1 | (0.4 | ) | (0.6 | ) | ||||||||||||
Rig Hours(3) |
22,800 | 68,800 | 8,400 | 39,100 | |||||||||||||||
Rig Utilization(4) |
78 | % | 74 | % | 74 | % | 81 | % | |||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data (at end of period): |
|||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 1.1 | $ | 1.6 | $ | 2.0 | $ | ||||||||||||
Working capital (total current assets less total current liabilities) |
0.3 | 10.4 | (17.5 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total assets |
54.0 | 135.7 | 159.7 | ||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt(5) |
10.0 | 12.1 | 22.5 | ||||||||||||||||
Total net parent investment/stockholders' equity (including non-controlling interest) |
40.3 | 112.6 | 110.8 |
- (1)
- We have not historically been a tax-paying entity subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes, other than Texas franchise tax. The unaudited pro forma condensed financial statements have been prepared on the basis that we will be taxed as a corporation under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and as a result, will become a tax-paying entity.
20
- (2)
- Adjusted
EBITDA is not a financial measure determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss
before interest expense, net, income tax provision (benefit), depreciation and amortization, equity-based compensation, acquisition-related and severance costs, impairment of goodwill and certain
other items that we do not view as indicative of our ongoing performance.
We believe Adjusted EBITDA is a useful performance measure because it allows for an effective evaluation of our operating performance when compared to our peers, without regard to our financing methods or capital structure. We exclude the items listed above from net loss in arriving at Adjusted EBITDA because these amounts can vary substantially within our industry depending upon accounting methods and book values of assets, capital structures and the method by which the assets were acquired. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net loss determined in accordance with GAAP. Certain items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing a company's financial performance, such as a company's cost of capital and tax structure, as well as the historic costs of depreciable assets, none of which are reflected in Adjusted EBITDA. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an indication that our results will be unaffected by the items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA. Our computations of Adjusted EBITDA may not be identical to other similarly titled measures of other companies. The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, our most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.
|
Predecessor | Pro Forma Ranger Energy Services, Inc. |
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|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
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Year Ended December 31, | |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 |
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|
Year Ended December 31, 2016 |
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|
2015 | 2016 | 2016 | 2017 | |||||||||||||||
|
(in millions) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (6.7 | ) | $ | (5.0 | ) | $ | (1.4 | ) | $ | (6.2 | ) | $ | $ | |||||
Interest expense, net |
0.3 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||
Income tax provision (benefit) |
| | | | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2.1 | 6.6 | 0.9 | 3.6 | |||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation |
0.1 | 0.5 | | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||
Acquisition-related and severance costs |
| 0.5 | | 1.1 | |||||||||||||||
Impairment of goodwill |
1.6 | | | | |||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | (2.6 | ) | $ | 3.1 | $ | (0.4 | ) | $ | (0.6 | ) | $ | $ | ||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- (3)
- Represents
the approximate aggregate number of hours that our well service rigs actively worked during the periods presented.
- (4)
- Rig
utilization is calculated by dividing (i) the approximate aggregate operating well service rig hours for the periods presented by (ii) the
potential aggregate well service rig hours available assuming a 55-hour work week and a mid-month convention whereby a well service rig placed into service during a month, meaning that we have taken
delivery of such well service rig and equipped it for operations, is assumed to be operating for one half of such month. For additional information regarding rig utilization, please see "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsHow We Evaluate Our OperationsRig Utilization."
- (5)
- Includes both current and non-current portions of long-term debt and related party debt.
21
RISK FACTORS
Investing in our Class A common stock involves risks. You should carefully consider the information in this prospectus, including the matters addressed under "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and the following risks before making an investment decision. If any of the following risks actually occur, the trading price of our Class A common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial could also materially affect our business.
Our business depends on domestic capital spending by the oil and natural gas industry, and reductions in such capital spending could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.
Our business is directly affected by our customers' capital spending to explore for, develop and produce oil and natural gas in the United States. The significant decline in oil and natural gas prices that began in late 2014 has caused a reduction in the exploration, development and production activities of most of our customers and their spending on our services. These cuts in spending have curtailed drilling programs, which has resulted in a reduction in the demand for our services as compared to activity levels in late 2014, as well as in the prices we can charge. In addition, certain of our customers could become unable to pay their vendors and service providers, including us, as a result of the decline in commodity prices. Reduced discovery rates of new oil and natural gas reserves in our areas of operation as a result of decreased capital spending may also have a negative long-term impact on our business, even in an environment of stronger oil and natural gas prices, to the extent the reduced number of wells that need our services or equipment more than offsets new drilling and completion activity and complexity. Any of these conditions or events could adversely affect our operating results. If the recent recovery does not continue or our customers fail to further increase their capital spending, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.
Industry conditions are influenced by numerous factors over which we have no control, including:
-
- domestic and foreign economic conditions and supply of and demand for oil and natural gas;
-
- the level of prices, and expectations about future prices, of oil and natural gas;
-
- the level and cost of global and domestic oil and natural gas exploration, production, transportation of reserves and delivery;
-
- taxes and governmental regulations, including the policies of governments regarding the exploration for and production and development of their
oil and natural gas reserves;
-
- political and economic conditions in oil and natural gas producing countries;
-
- actions by the members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ("OPEC") with respect to oil production levels and announcements of
potential changes in such levels, including the failure of such countries to comply with production cuts announced in November 2016;
-
- global weather conditions and natural disasters;
-
- worldwide political, military and economic conditions;
-
- the discovery rates of new oil and natural gas reserves;
-
- shareholder activism or activities by non-governmental organizations to restrict the exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas;
22
-
- advances in exploration, development and production technologies or in technologies affecting energy consumption;
-
- the potential acceleration of development of alternative fuels; and
-
- uncertainty in capital and commodities markets and the ability of oil and natural gas companies to raise equity capital and debt financing.
The volatility of oil and natural gas prices may adversely affect the demand for our services and negatively impact our results of operations.
The demand for our services is primarily determined by current and anticipated oil and natural gas prices and the related levels of capital spending and drilling activity in the areas in which we have operations. Volatility or weakness in oil prices or natural gas prices (or the perception that oil prices or natural gas prices will decrease) affects the spending patterns of our customers and may result in the drilling of fewer new wells. This, in turn, could lead to lower demand for our services and may cause lower utilization of our assets. We have, and may in the future, experience significant fluctuations in operating results as a result of the reactions of our customers to changes in oil and natural gas prices. For example, prolonged low commodity prices experienced by the oil and natural gas industry beginning in late 2014 and uncertainty about future prices even when prices increased, combined with adverse changes in the capital and credit markets, caused many E&P companies to significantly reduce their capital budgets and drilling activity. This resulted in a significant decline in demand for oilfield services and adversely impacted the prices oilfield services companies could charge for their services.
Prices for oil and natural gas historically have been extremely volatile and are expected to continue to be volatile. During the past three years, the posted WTI price for oil has ranged from a low of $26.21 per Bbl in February 2016 to a high of $107.26 per Bbl in June 2014. During 2016, WTI prices ranged from $26.21 to $54.06 per Bbl. If the prices of oil and natural gas continue to be volatile, reverse their recent increases or decline, our operations, financial condition, cash flows and level of expenditures may be materially and adversely affected.
We may be adversely affected by uncertainty in the global financial markets and the deterioration of the financial condition of our customers.
Our future results may be impacted by the uncertainty caused by an economic downturn, volatility or deterioration in the debt and equity capital markets, inflation, deflation or other adverse economic conditions that may negatively affect us or parties with whom we do business resulting in a reduction in our customers' spending and their non-payment or inability to perform obligations owed to us, such as the failure of customers to honor their commitments or the failure of major suppliers to complete orders. Additionally, during times when the natural gas or crude oil markets weaken, our customers are more likely to experience financial difficulties, including being unable to access debt or equity financing, which could result in a reduction in our customers' spending for our services. In addition, in the course of our business we hold accounts receivable from our customers. In the event of the financial distress or bankruptcy of a customer, we could lose all or a portion of such outstanding accounts receivable associated with that customer. Further, if a customer was to enter into bankruptcy, it could also result in the cancellation of all or a portion of our service contracts with such customer at significant expense or loss of expected revenues to us.
23
Our operations are subject to inherent risks, some of which are beyond our control. These risks may be self-insured, or may not be fully covered under our insurance policies.
Our operations are subject to hazards inherent in the oil and natural gas industry, such as, but not limited to, accidents, blowouts, explosions, craterings, fires, oil spills and releases of drilling, completion or fracturing fluids or hazardous materials into the environment. These conditions can cause:
-
- disruption or suspension of operations;
-
- substantial repair or replacement costs;
-
- personal injury or loss of human life;
-
- significant damage to or destruction of property and equipment;
-
- environmental pollution, including groundwater contamination;
-
- unusual or unexpected geological formations or pressures and industrial accidents; and
-
- substantial revenue loss.
In addition, our operations are subject to, and exposed to, employee/employer liabilities and risks such as wrongful termination, discrimination, labor organizing, retaliation claims and general human resource-related matters.
The occurrence of a significant event or adverse claim in excess of the insurance coverage that we maintain or that is not covered by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations and may increase our costs. Claims for loss of oil and natural gas production and damage to formations can occur in the well services industry. Litigation arising from a catastrophic occurrence at a location where our equipment and services are being used may result in our being named as a defendant in lawsuits asserting large claims.
We do not have insurance against all risks, either because insurance is not available or because of the high premium costs. The occurrence of an event not fully insured against or the failure of an insurer to meet its insurance obligations could result in substantial losses. In addition, we may not be able to maintain adequate insurance in the future at rates we consider reasonable. Insurance may not be available to cover any or all of the risks to which we are subject, or, even if available, it may be inadequate, or insurance premiums or other costs could rise significantly in the future so as to make such insurance prohibitively expensive.
Reliance upon a few large customers may adversely affect our revenues and operating results.
Our top five customers represented approximately 82% and 55% of our combined consolidated revenues for 2015 and 2016, respectively, and approximately 73% and 64% of our combined consolidated revenues for the first quarters of 2016 and 2017, respectively. Within our Well Services segment, our top five customers represented approximately 77% and 62% of our Well Services segment revenues for 2015 and 2016, respectively, and approximately 87% and 69% of our revenues for the first quarters of 2016 and 2017, respectively. Within our Processing Solutions segment, our top five customers represented approximately 98% and 90% of our Processing Solutions segment revenues for 2015 and 2016, respectively, and approximately 89% and 100% of our revenues for the first quarters of 2016 and 2017, respectively. It is likely that we will continue to derive a significant portion of our revenue from a relatively small number of customers in the future. If a major customer fails to pay us, our revenues would be impacted and our operating results and financial condition could be materially harmed. Additionally, if we were to lose any material customer, we may not be able to redeploy our equipment at similar utilization or pricing levels or within a short period of time and such loss could
24
have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations until the equipment is redeployed at similar utilization or pricing levels.
We are exposed to the credit risk of our customers, and any material nonpayment or nonperformance by our customers could adversely affect our financial results.
We are subject to the risk of loss resulting from nonpayment or nonperformance by our customers, many of whose operations are concentrated solely in the domestic E&P industry which, as described above, is subject to volatility and, therefore, credit risk. Our credit procedures and policies may not be adequate to fully reduce customer credit risk. If we are unable to adequately assess the creditworthiness of existing or future customers or unanticipated deterioration in their creditworthiness, any resulting increase in nonpayment or nonperformance by them and our inability to re-market or otherwise use our equipment could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects or results of operations.
We face intense competition that may cause us to lose market share and could negatively affect our ability to market our services and expand our operations.
The oilfield services business is highly competitive and fragmented. Some of our competitors are small companies capable of competing effectively in our markets on a local basis, while others have a broader geographic scope, greater financial and other resources, or other cost efficiencies. Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and services and changes in customer requirements. Additionally, there may be new companies that enter our business, or re-enter our business with significantly reduced indebtedness following emergence from bankruptcy, or our existing and potential customers may develop their own oilfield services business. Our ability to maintain current revenues and cash flows, and our ability to market our services and expand our operations, could be adversely affected by the activities of our competitors and our customers. If our competitors substantially increase the resources they devote to the development and marketing of competitive services or substantially decrease the prices at which they offer their services, we may be unable to effectively compete. Many contracts are awarded on a bid basis, which may further increase competition based primarily on price. The competitive environment may be further intensified by mergers and acquisitions among oil and natural gas companies or other events that have the effect of reducing the number of available customers. All of these competitive pressures could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations. Some of our larger competitors provide a broader range of services on a regional, national or worldwide basis. These companies may have a greater ability to continue oilfield service activities during periods of low commodity prices and to absorb the burden of present and future federal, state, local and other laws and regulations. Any inability to compete effectively could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
We currently rely on a limited number of third-party manufacturers to build the new high-spec well service rigs that we purchase, and such reliance exposes us to risks including price and timing of delivery.
We currently rely on a limited number of third-party manufacturers to build our new high-spec well service rigs. For example, approximately 72% of our existing high-spec well service rigs were manufactured by NOV. Pursuant to the NOV Purchase Agreement, we expect to accept delivery of an additional 25 high-spec well service rigs periodically throughout the remainder of 2017; however, NOV is not obligated pursuant to the NOV Purchase Agreement to deliver such high-spec well service rigs during 2017, and will not face penalties for delayed delivery, regardless of the length or cause of any delay. If demand for high-spec well service rigs or the components necessary to build such high-spec well service rigs increases or our manufacturers' suppliers face financial distress or bankruptcy, such manufacturers, including NOV, may not be able to provide the new high-spec well service rigs to us on
25
schedule or at expected prices. If this were to occur, we could be required to seek other manufacturers to build our high-spec well service rigs and, other than the manufacturers on which we currently rely, there are a limited number of additional manufacturers that are capable of building high-spec service rigs to our specifications. Disruptions in the ability of our manufacturers to deliver our new high-spec well service rigs may adversely affect our revenues or increase our costs.
Our operating history may not be sufficient for investors to evaluate our business and prospects.
We are, and upon completion of transactions described under "Corporate Reorganization" will be, a recently combined company with a short combined operating history, which makes it difficult for potential investors to evaluate our prospective business or operations or the merits of an investment in our securities. The Magna and Bayou acquisitions were completed in June 2016 and October 2016, respectively, and our Predecessor's combined consolidated financial and operating results only reflect the impact of such acquisitions for periods subsequent to such acquisitions. In addition, the Predecessor Companies, which will become our operating subsidiaries in connection with the transactions described under "Corporate Reorganization," have not historically operated on a consolidated or combined basis or under the same management team. Further, certain members of our management team have a limited history operating together and may experience difficulties relating to the efficient integration of varying management systems, processes and procedures. These factors may make it more difficult for investors to evaluate our business and prospects and to forecast our future operating results. For example, the historical combined consolidated and unaudited pro forma condensed financial data may not give you an accurate indication of what our actual results would have been if our corporate reorganization, the Magna and Bayou acquisitions or the formation of our current management team had been completed at the beginning of the periods presented or of what our future results of operations are likely to be. Our future results will depend on our ability to efficiently manage our combined operations and execute our business strategy.
Further, due to the sharp decline in demand for well services beginning in late 2014, and the recent recovery of activity in the well services industry, comparisons of our current and future operating results with prior periods may have limited utility.
The growth of our business through acquisitions may expose us to various risks, including those relating to difficulties in identifying suitable, accretive acquisition opportunities and integrating businesses, assets and personnel, as well as difficulties in obtaining financing for targeted acquisitions and the potential for increased leverage or debt service requirements.
We have pursued and intend to continue to pursue selected, accretive acquisitions of complementary assets and businesses. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including:
-
- unanticipated costs and exposure to liabilities assumed in connection with the acquired business or assets, including but not limited to
environmental liabilities;
-
- difficulties in integrating the operations and assets of the acquired business and the acquired personnel;
-
- limitations on our ability to properly assess and maintain an effective internal control environment over an acquired business;
-
- potential losses of key employees and customers of the acquired business;
-
- risks of entering markets in which we have limited prior experience; and
-
- increases in our expenses and working capital requirements.
The process of integrating an acquired business, including in connection with our corporate reorganization, may involve unforeseen costs and delays or other operational, technical and financial
26
difficulties and may require a significant amount of time and resources. Our failure to incorporate the acquired business and assets into our existing operations successfully or to minimize any unforeseen operational difficulties could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations. Furthermore, there is intense competition for acquisition opportunities in our industry. Competition for acquisitions may increase the cost of, or cause us to refrain from, completing acquisitions.
In addition, we may not have sufficient capital resources to complete any additional acquisitions. Historically, we have financed our acquisitions primarily with funding from our equity investors, commercial borrowings and cash generated by operations. We may incur substantial indebtedness to finance future acquisitions and also may issue equity, debt or convertible securities in connection with such acquisitions. Debt service requirements could represent a significant burden on our results of operations and financial condition, and the issuance of additional equity or convertible securities could be dilutive to our existing shareholders. Furthermore, we may not be able to obtain additional financing as needed or on satisfactory terms.
Our ability to continue to grow through acquisitions and manage growth will require us to continue to invest in operational, financial and management information systems and to attract, retain, motivate and effectively manage our employees. The inability to effectively manage the integration of acquisitions, including in connection with our corporate reorganization, could reduce our focus on current operations, which, in turn, could negatively impact our earnings and growth. Our financial position and results of operations may fluctuate significantly from period to period, based on whether or not significant acquisitions are completed in particular periods.
We may have difficulty managing growth in our business, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
As a recently formed company, growth in accordance with our business plan, if achieved, could place a significant strain on our financial, operational and management resources. As we expand the scope of our activities and our geographic coverage through both organic growth and acquisitions, there will be additional demands on our financial, technical, operational and management resources. The failure to continue to upgrade our technical, administrative, operating and financial control systems or the occurrences of unexpected expansion difficulties, including the failure to recruit and retain experienced managers, engineers and other professionals in the oilfield services industry, could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations and our ability to successfully or timely execute our business plan.
We will incur significant capital expenditures for new equipment as we grow our operations and may be required to incur further capital expenditures as a result of advancements in oilfield services technologies.
As we grow our operations we will be required to incur significant capital expenditures to build, acquire, update or replace our existing well service rigs and other equipment. Such demands on our capital and the increase in cost of labor necessary to operate such well service rigs and other equipment could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations and may increase our costs. To the extent we are unable to fund such projects, we may have less equipment available for service or our equipment may not be attractive to current or potential customers.
In addition, because the oilfield services industry is characterized by significant technological advancements and introductions of new products and services using new technologies, we may lose market share or be placed at a competitive disadvantage as competitors and others use or develop new technologies or technologies comparable to ours in the future. Further, we may face competitive pressure to implement or acquire certain new technologies at a substantial cost. Some of our
27
competitors may have greater financial, technical and personnel resources than we do, which may allow them to gain technological advantages or implement new technologies before we can. Additionally, we may be unable to implement new technologies or services at all, on a timely basis or at an acceptable cost.
In addition to technological advancements by our competitors, new technology could also make it easier for our customers to vertically integrate their operations or otherwise conduct their activities without the need for our equipment and services, thereby reducing or eliminating the need for our services. For example, if further advancements in drilling and completion techniques cause our E&P customers to require well service rigs with different or higher specifications than those in our existing and expected future fleet, or to otherwise require well service equipment that we do not currently own or operate, we may be required to incur significant additional capital expenditures to obtain any such new rigs or other equipment in an effort to meet customer demand. Limits on our ability to effectively obtain, use, implement or integrate new technologies may have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.
Increases in the scope or pace of midstream infrastructure development, or decreased federal or state regulation of natural gas pipelines, could decrease demand for our services.
Increases in the scope or pace of midstream infrastructure development could decrease demand for our services. Our processing solutions are designed for the processing of rich natural gas streams at the wellhead or central gathering points in basins where drilling and completion activity has outpaced the development of permanent processing infrastructure. Specifically, our modular MRUs are used by our customers to meet pipeline specifications, extract higher value NGLs, provide fuel gas for wellsites and facilities and reduce emissions at the flare tip, services that are generally required when E&P companies drill oil and natural gas wells in basins without immediate access to sufficient midstream infrastructure and takeaway capacity. To the extent that permanent midstream infrastructure is developed in the basins in which we operate, or the pace of existing development is accelerated as a result of customer demand, the demand for our processing solutions could decrease.
In addition, there has recently been increasing public controversy regarding construction of new natural gas pipelines and the stringency of current regulation of natural gas pipelines, creating uncertainty as to the probability and timing of such construction. Decreases to the stringency of regulation of existing natural gas pipelines at either the state or federal level could reduce the demand for our services and could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.
We may be unable to employ or retain a sufficient number of skilled and experienced workers.
We are dependent upon the available labor pool of skilled employees and may not be able to find or retain enough skilled labor to meet our needs, which could have a negative effect on our growth. The delivery of our products and services requires workers with specialized skills and experience who can perform physically demanding work. As a result of our industry volatility, including the recent and pronounced decline in drilling activity, as well as the demanding nature of the work, many workers have left the oilfield services industry to pursue employment in different fields. Our ability to expand our operations depends in part on our ability to increase the size of our skilled labor force. In addition, our ability to be productive and profitable will depend upon our ability to retain skilled workers. The demand for skilled workers is high and the supply is limited. As a result, competition for experienced oilfield service personnel is intense, and we face significant challenges in competing for crews and management with large and well-established competitors. Recently, we have experienced a significant increase in labor costs, and significant continued increases in the wages paid by competing employers could result in a reduction of our skilled labor force, increases in the wage rates that we must pay, or
28
both. If either of these events were to occur, our capacity and profitability could be diminished and our growth potential could be impaired.
In addition, we require full compliance with the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 and other laws concerning immigration and the hiring of legally documented workers. We recognize that foreign nationals may be a valuable source of talent, but that not all foreign nationals are authorized to work for U.S. companies immediately. In some cases, it may be necessary to obtain a required work authorization from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security or similar government agency prior to a foreign national working as an employee for us. Although we do not know of any issues with our employees, we could lose employees or be subject to an enforcement action that may have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations. We are also subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act, which governs such matters as minimum wage, overtime and other working conditions.
Delays or restrictions in obtaining permits by us for our operations or by our customers for their operations could impair our business.
In most states, our operations and the operations of our customers require permits from one or more governmental agencies in order to perform drilling and completion activities, secure water rights, or other regulated activities. Such permits are typically issued by state agencies, but federal and local governmental permits may also be required. The requirements for such permits vary depending on the location where such regulated activities will be conducted. As with all governmental permitting processes, there is a degree of uncertainty as to whether a permit will be granted, the time it will take for a permit to be issued, and the conditions that may be imposed in connection with the granting of the permit. In addition, some of our customers' drilling and completion activities may take place on federal land or Native American lands, requiring leases and other approvals from the federal government or Native American tribes to conduct such drilling and completion activities or other regulated activities. Under certain circumstances, federal agencies may cancel proposed leases for federal lands and refuse to grant or delay required approvals. Therefore, our customers' operations in certain areas of the United States may be interrupted or suspended for varying lengths of time, causing a loss of revenues to us and adversely affecting our results of operations in support of those customers.
Federal or state legislative and regulatory initiatives related to induced seismicity could result in operating restrictions or delays in the drilling and completion of oil and natural gas wells that may reduce demand for our services and could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.
Our oil and natural gas customers dispose of flowback and produced water or certain other oilfield fluids gathered from oil and natural gas producing operations in accordance with permits issued by government authorities overseeing such disposal activities. While these permits are issued pursuant to existing laws and regulations, these legal requirements are subject to change based on concerns of the public or governmental authorities regarding such disposal activities. One such concern relates to recent seismic events near underground disposal wells used for the disposal by injection of flowback and produced water or certain other oilfield fluids resulting from oil and natural gas activities. When caused by human activity, such events are called induced seismicity.
In March 2016, the United States Geological Survey identified six states with the most significant hazards from induced seismicity, including Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arkansas. In response to concerns regarding induced seismicity, regulators in some states have imposed, or are considering imposing, additional requirements in the permitting of produced water disposal wells or otherwise to assess any relationship between seismicity and the use of such wells. For example, Oklahoma issued new rules for wastewater disposal wells in 2014 that imposed certain permitting and operating restrictions and reporting requirements on disposal wells in proximity to faults
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and also, from time to time, is developing and implementing plans directing certain wells where seismic incidents have occurred to restrict or suspend disposal well operations. The Texas Railroad Commission adopted similar rules in 2014. In addition, ongoing lawsuits allege that disposal well operations have caused damage to neighboring properties or otherwise violated state and federal rules regulating waste disposal. These developments could result in additional regulation and restrictions on the use of injection wells by our customers to dispose of flowback and produced water and certain other oilfield fluids. Increased regulation and attention given to induced seismicity also could lead to greater opposition to, and litigation concerning, oil and natural gas activities utilizing injection wells for waste disposal. Any one or more of these developments may result in our customers having to limit disposal well volumes, disposal rates or locations, or require our customers or third party disposal well operators that are used to dispose of customers' wastewater to shut down disposal wells, which developments could adversely affect our customers' business and result in a corresponding decrease in the need for our services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.
Changes in transportation regulations may increase our costs and negatively impact our results of operations.
We are subject to various transportation regulations including as a motor carrier by the U.S. Department of Transportation ("DOT") and by various federal, state and tribal agencies, whose regulations include certain permit requirements of highway and safety authorities. These regulatory authorities exercise broad powers over our trucking operations, generally governing such matters as the authorization to engage in motor carrier operations, safety, equipment testing, driver requirements and specifications and insurance requirements. The trucking industry is subject to possible regulatory and legislative changes that may impact our operations, such as changes in fuel emissions limits, hours of service regulations that govern the amount of time a driver may drive or work in any specific period, requirements for on-board black box recorder devices or limits on vehicle weight and size. To the extent the federal government continues to develop and propose regulations relating to fuel quality, engine efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions, we may experience an increase in costs related to truck purchases and maintenance, impairment of equipment productivity, a decrease in the residual value of vehicles, unpredictable fluctuations in fuel prices and an increase in operating expenses. Increased truck traffic may contribute to deteriorating road conditions in some areas where our operations are performed.
Further, our operations could be affected by road construction, road repairs, detours and state and local regulations and ordinances restricting access to certain roads, including through routing and weight restrictions. In recent years, certain states, such as North Dakota and Texas, and certain counties have increased enforcement of weight limits on trucks used to transport raw materials, such as the fluids that we transport in connection with our fluids management services, on their public roads. It is possible that the states, counties and cities in which we operate our business may modify their laws to further reduce truck weight limits or impose curfews or other restrictions on the use of roadways. Such legislation and enforcement efforts could result in delays in, and increased costs to, transport fluids and otherwise conduct our business. Proposals to increase federal, state or local taxes, including taxes on motor fuels, are also made from time to time, and any such increase would increase our operating costs. Also, state and local regulation of permitted routes and times on specific roadways could adversely affect our operations. We cannot predict whether, or in what form, any legislative or regulatory changes or municipal ordinances applicable to our logistics operations will be enacted and to what extent any such legislation or regulations could increase our costs or otherwise adversely affect our business or operations.
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We are subject to environmental and occupational health and safety laws and regulations that may expose us to significant costs and liabilities.
Our operations are subject to numerous federal, regional, state and local laws and regulations relating to protection of natural resources and the environment, occupational health and safety, air emissions and water discharges, and the management, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes and other materials. These laws and regulations impose numerous obligations that may impact our operations, including the acquisition of permits to conduct regulated activities, the imposition of restrictions on the types, quantities and concentrations of various substances that can be released into the environment or injected in formations in connection with oil and natural gas drilling and production activities, the incurrence of capital expenditures to mitigate or prevent releases of materials from our equipment, facilities or from customer locations where we are providing services, the imposition of substantial liabilities for pollution resulting from our operations, and the application of specific health and safety standards or criteria addressing worker protection. Any failure on our part or the part of our customers to comply with these laws and regulations could result in prohibitions or restrictions on operations, assessment of sanctions including administrative, civil and criminal penalties, issuance of corrective action orders requiring the performance of investigatory, remedial or curative activities or enjoining performance of some or all of our operations in a particular area, the occurrence of delays in the permitting or performance of projects and/or government or private claims for personal injury or property or natural resources damages.
Our business activities present risks of incurring significant environmental costs and liabilities, including costs and liabilities resulting from our handling and disposal of oilfield and other wastes, air emissions and wastewater discharges related to our operations and the historical operations and waste disposal practices of our predecessors. Moreover, accidental releases or spills may occur in the course of our operations, and we could incur significant costs and liabilities as a result of such releases or spills, including any third-party claims for damage to property, natural resources or persons. In addition, private parties, including the owners of properties upon which we perform services and facilities where our wastes are taken for reclamation or disposal, also may have the right to pursue legal actions to enforce compliance as well as to seek damages for non-compliance with environmental laws and regulations or for personal injury or property or natural resource damages. Some environmental laws and regulations may impose strict liability, which means that in some situations we could be exposed to liability even if our conduct was lawful at the time it occurred or the conduct of, or conditions caused by, prior operators or other third parties.
The trend in environmental regulation has been to place more restrictions and limitations on activities that may adversely affect the environment, and thus any changes in environmental laws and regulations or re-interpretation of enforcement policies that result in more stringent and costly completion activities, or waste handling, storage transport, disposal, or remediation requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations if we are unable to pass on such increased compliance costs to our customers. Our customers may also incur increased costs or delays or restrictions in permitting or operating activities as a result of more stringent environmental laws and regulations, which may result in a curtailment of exploration, development or production activities that would reduce the demand for our services.
We provide services to customers who operate on federal and tribal lands, which are subject to additional regulations.
We provide services to companies operating on federal and tribal lands. Various federal agencies within the U.S. Department of the Interior, particularly the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Land Management ("BLM") and the Bureau of Indian Affairs, along with certain Native American tribes, promulgate and enforce regulations pertaining to oil and natural gas operations on Native American tribal lands and minerals where some of our customers operate. Such operations are subject
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to additional regulatory requirements, including lease provisions, drilling and production requirements, surface use restrictions, environmental standards, royalty considerations and taxes.
The BLM finalized a rule in March 2015 establishing standards for hydraulic fracturing on federal and American Indian lands. In June 2016, a Wyoming federal judge struck down this rule, finding that the BLM lacked authority to promulgate the rule. That decision was appealed by the federal government but, in March 2017, the BLM asked the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit to stay the proceeding while the agency considers repealing the rule. In November 2016, the BLM finalized a rule regulating the venting and flaring of natural gas, leak detection, air emissions from equipment, well maintenance and unloading, drilling and completions and royalties potentially owed for loss of such emissions from oil and natural gas facilities producing on federal and tribal leases. The final rule became effective in January 2017 and is the subject of pending litigation filed by oil and natural gas trade associations and certain states seeking to modify or overturn the rule. In addition, in a March 28, 2017 executive order, President Trump directed the Secretary of the Interior to review these and several other BLM rules related to oil and gas operations and, if appropriate, to suspend, revise, or rescind the rules. The executive order also directs all executive agencies more broadly to review existing regulations that potentially burden the development or use of domestically produced energy resources.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") also issued a Federal Implementation Plan ("FIP") to implement the Federal Minor New Source Review Program on tribal lands for oil and natural gas production. The FIP creates a permit-by-rule process for minor air sources that also incorporates emission limits and other requirements under various federal air quality standards, applying them to a range of equipment and processes used in oil and natural gas production. The FIP does not apply in areas of ozone non-attainment. As a result, the EPA may impose area-specific regulations in certain areas identified as tribal lands that may require additional emissions controls on existing equipment.
Depending on the ultimate outcome of any agency reviews and pending litigation, these regulations could result in increased compliance costs or additional operating restrictions, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects, results of operations, demand for our services and cash flows.
Any future indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition.
Although we will have no indebtedness outstanding at the closing of this offering, we expect that we will be able to borrow up to $ million our Credit Facility.
In addition, subject to the limits contained in our Credit Facility, we may incur substantial additional debt from time to time. Any borrowings we may incur in the future would have several important consequences for our future operations, including that:
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- covenants contained in the documents governing such indebtedness may require us to meet or maintain certain financial tests, which may affect
our flexibility in planning for, and reacting to, changes in our industry, such as being able to take advantage of acquisition opportunities when they arise;
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- our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, general corporate and other purposes may be
limited;
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- we may be competitively disadvantaged compared to our competitors that have greater access to capital resources; and
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- we may be more vulnerable to adverse economic and industry conditions.
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If we incur indebtedness in the future, we may have significant principal payments due at specified future dates under the documents governing such indebtedness. Our ability to meet such principal obligations will be dependent upon future performance, which in turn will be subject to general economic conditions, industry cycles and financial, business and other factors affecting our operations, many of which are beyond our control. Our business may not continue to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to repay any incurred indebtedness. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations, we may be required to sell assets, to refinance all or a portion of such indebtedness or to obtain additional financing.
Our Credit Facility will subject us to various financial and other restrictive covenants. These restrictions may limit our operational or financial flexibility and could subject us to potential defaults under our Credit Facility.
Our Credit Facility will subject us to significant financial and other restrictive covenants, including, but not limited to, restrictions on incurring additional debt and certain distributions. Our ability to comply with these financial condition tests can be affected by events beyond our control and we may not be able to do so.
Our Credit Facility will contain certain financial covenants, including a certain leverage ratio, a certain minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and a certain minimum liquidity level we must maintain. Please see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationLiquidity and Capital ResourcesOur Debt Agreements."
If we are unable to remain in compliance with the financial covenants of our Credit Facility, then amounts outstanding thereunder may be accelerated and become due immediately. Any such acceleration could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.
Ranger Services has had difficulty maintaining compliance with the covenants and ratios required under the Ranger Line of Credit and Ranger Note. We may have similar difficulties with the new Credit Facility that we expect to enter into in connection with the consummation of this offering. Failure to maintain compliance with these financial covenants or ratios could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We have historically relied on our existing debt facilities, such as the Ranger Line of Credit and Ranger Note, and, in connection with the consummation of this offering, expect to rely on the new Credit Facility to provide liquidity and support for our operations and growth objectives, as necessary. We expect that the new Credit Facility will require us to comply with certain financial covenants and ratios. Our ability to comply with these restrictions and covenants in the future is uncertain and will be affected by the levels of cash flow from our operations and events or circumstances beyond our control, including events and circumstances that may stem from the condition of financial markets and commodity price levels. For example, as of March 31, 2017, Ranger Services' leverage ratio exceeded the threshold of 1.75 to 1.00 under the Ranger Line of Credit and Ranger Note and Ranger Services did not generate the required minimum net income of zero or greater. Ranger Services was in compliance with all other covenants at that time. On May 17, 2017, Ranger Services obtained a waiver of such non-compliance with respect to the first quarter of 2017 from the lender under the Ranger Line of Credit and Ranger Note. There can be no assurance we will be able to obtain future waivers from the lender under the Ranger Line of Credit and Ranger Note. We have classified the outstanding debt under the Ranger Line of Credit and Ranger Note as current because Ranger Services does not anticipate being in compliance with all covenants and ratios required under the Ranger Line of Credit and Ranger Note in the next twelve months. We have obtained additional commitments from CSL for additional capital through at least March 31, 2018. We plan to repay and retire the Ranger Line of Credit and Ranger Note from the proceeds of this offering.
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In the event that we are unable to access sufficient capital to fund our business and planned capital expenditures, we may be required to curtail potential acquisitions, strategic growth projects, portions of our current operations and other activities. A lack of capital could result in a decrease in our operations, subject us to claims of breach under customer and supplier contracts and may force us to sell some of our assets or issue additional equity on an untimely or unfavorable basis, each of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Increases in interest rates could adversely impact the price of our shares, our ability to issue equity or incur debt for acquisitions or other purposes.
Interest rates on future borrowings, credit facilities and debt offerings could be higher than current levels, causing our financing costs to increase accordingly. Changes in interest rates, either positive or negative, may affect the yield requirements of investors who invest in our shares, and a rising interest rate environment could have an adverse impact on the price of our shares, our ability to issue equity or incur debt for acquisitions or other purposes.
Fuel conservation measures could reduce demand for oil and natural gas which would in turn reduce the demand for our services.
Fuel conservation measures, alternative fuel requirements and increasing consumer demand for alternatives to oil and natural gas could reduce demand for oil and natural gas. The impact of the changing demand for oil and natural gas may have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations. Additionally, the increased competitiveness of alternative energy sources (such as wind, solar geothermal, tidal, and biofuels) could reduce demand for hydrocarbons and therefore for our services, which would lead to a reduction in our revenues.
Unsatisfactory safety performance may negatively affect our customer relationships and, to the extent we fail to retain existing customers or attract new customers, adversely impact our revenues.
Our ability to retain existing customers and attract new business is dependent on many factors, including our ability to demonstrate that we can reliably and safely operate our business in a manner that is consistent with applicable laws, rules and permits, which legal requirements are subject to change. Existing and potential customers consider the safety record of their third-party service providers to be of high importance in their decision to engage such providers. If one or more accidents were to occur at one of our operating sites, the affected customer may seek to terminate or cancel its use of our equipment or services and may be less likely to continue to use our services, which could cause us to lose substantial revenues. Furthermore, our ability to attract new customers may be impaired if they view our safety record as unacceptable. In addition, it is possible that we will experience multiple or particularly severe accidents in the future, causing our safety record to deteriorate. This may be more likely as we continue to grow, if we experience high employee turnover or labor shortage, or hire inexperienced personnel to bolster our staffing needs.
Climate change legislation and regulations restricting or regulating emissions of greenhouse gases could result in increased operating and capital costs and reduced demand for our services.
Climate change continues to attract considerable public and scientific attention. As a result, certain requirements have been enacted, and numerous proposals are likely to continue to be made at the international, national, regional and state levels of government to monitor and limit emissions of greenhouse gases ("GHGs"). These efforts have included cap-and-trade programs, carbon taxes, GHG reporting and tracking programs and regulations that directly limit GHG emissions from certain sources.
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At the federal level, no comprehensive climate change legislation has been implemented to date. The EPA has, however, adopted rules under authority of the federal Clean Air Act that, among other things, establish Potential for Significant Deterioration ("PSD") construction and Title V operating permit reviews for GHG emissions from certain large stationary sources that are also major sources of certain principal, or criteria, pollutant emissions, which reviews could require securing PSD permits at covered facilities emitting GHGs and meeting "best available control technology" standards for those GHG emissions. In addition, the EPA has adopted rules requiring the monitoring and annual reporting of GHG emissions from certain petroleum and natural gas system sources in the United States, including, among others, onshore and offshore production facilities, which include certain of our customers' operations. In October 2015, the EPA amended and expanded the GHG reporting requirements to all segments of the oil and natural gas industry, including gathering and boosting facilities as well as completions and workovers from hydraulically fractured oil wells, and in January 2016, the EPA proposed additional revisions to leak detection methodology to align the reporting rules with the new source performance standards.
Federal agencies also have begun directly regulating emissions of methane, a GHG, from oil and natural gas operations. In June 2016, the EPA published NSPS, known as Subpart Quad OOOOa, that require certain new, modified or reconstructed facilities in the oil and natural gas sector to reduce methane gas and VOC emissions. In April 2017, the EPA announced that it will review Subpart Quad OOOOa and will initiate reconsideration proceedings to potentially revise or rescind portions of the rule. In addition, the EPA has issued a stay of the June 3, 2017 compliance date applicable to fugitive emissions monitoring requirements for 90 days.
At the international level, the United States joined the international community at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Paris, France that requires member countries to review and "represent a progression" in their intended nationally determined contributions, which set GHG emission reduction goals every five years beginning in 2020. The Paris Agreement entered into force in November 2016 and the United States is one of over 100 nations that indicated an intent to comply with the agreement. Although this agreement does not create any binding obligations for nations to limit their GHG emissions, it does include pledges to voluntarily limit or reduce future emissions.
The adoption and implementation of any international, federal or state legislation or regulations that require reporting of GHGs or otherwise restrict emissions of GHGs could result in increased compliance costs or additional operating restrictions, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects, results of operations, demand for our services and cash flows.
The Endangered Species Act and Migratory Bird Treaty Act and other restrictions intended to protect certain species of wildlife govern our and our customers' operations and additional restrictions may be imposed in the future, which constraints could have an adverse impact on our ability to expand some of our existing operations or limit our customers' ability to develop new oil and natural gas wells.
Oil and natural gas operations in our operating areas can be adversely affected by seasonal or permanent restrictions on drilling activities designed to protect various wildlife, which may limit our ability to operate in protected areas. Permanent restrictions imposed to protect endangered species could prohibit drilling in certain areas or require the implementation of expensive mitigation measures.
For example, the Endangered Species Act (the "ESA") restricts activities that may affect endangered or threatened species or their habitats and provides for substantial penalties in cases where covered species are killed or injured. Similar protections are offered to migratory birds under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (the "MBTA"). To the extent species that are listed under the ESA or similar state laws, or are protected under the MBTA, or the designation of previously unprotected
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species as threatened or endangered in areas where we or our customers operate could cause us or our customers to incur increased costs arising from species protection measures and could result in delays or limitations in our or our customers' performance of operations, which could adversely affect or reduce demand for our services.
We rely on a few key employees whose absence or loss could adversely affect our business.
Many key responsibilities within our business have been assigned to a small number of employees. The loss of their services could adversely affect our business. In particular, the loss of the services of one or more members of our executive team, including our President and Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer, could disrupt our operations. We do not maintain "key person" life insurance policies on any of our employees. As a result, we are not insured against any losses resulting from the death of our key employees.
We may be subject to claims for personal injury and property damage, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition, prospects and results of operations.
Our services are subject to inherent risks that can cause personal injury or loss of life, damage to or destruction of property, equipment or the environment or the suspension of our operations. Litigation arising from operations where our services are provided may cause us to be named as a defendant in lawsuits asserting potentially large claims including claims for exemplary damages. We maintain what we believe is customary and reasonable insurance to protect our business against these potential losses, but such insurance may not be adequate to cover our liabilities, and we are not fully insured against all risks.
In addition, and subject to certain exceptions, our customers typically assume responsibility for, including control and removal of, all other pollution or contamination which may occur during operations, including that which may result from seepage or any other uncontrolled flow of drilling and completion fluids. We may have liability in such cases if we are negligent or commit willful acts. Our customers generally agree to indemnify us against claims arising from their employees' personal injury or death to the extent that, in the case of our operations, their employees are injured or their properties are damaged by such operations, unless resulting from our gross negligence or willful misconduct. Our customers also generally agree to indemnify us for loss or destruction of customer-owned property or equipment. In turn, we agree to indemnify our customers for loss or destruction of property or equipment we own and for liabilities arising from personal injury to or death of any of our employees, unless resulting from gross negligence or willful misconduct of the customer. However, we might not succeed in enforcing such contractual allocation or might incur an unforeseen liability falling outside the scope of such allocation. As a result, we may incur substantial losses which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operation.
Anti-indemnity provisions enacted by many states may restrict or prohibit a party's indemnification of us.
We typically enter into agreements with our customers governing the provision of our services, which usually include certain indemnification provisions for losses resulting from operations. Such agreements may require each party to indemnify the other against certain claims regardless of the negligence or other fault of the indemnified party; however, many states place limitations on contractual indemnity agreements, particularly agreements that indemnify a party against the consequences of its own negligence. Furthermore, certain states, including Texas and Wyoming, have enacted statutes generally referred to as "oilfield anti-indemnity acts" expressly prohibiting certain indemnity agreements contained in or related to oilfield services agreements. Such anti-indemnity acts may restrict or void a party's indemnification of us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.
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Seasonal weather conditions and natural disasters could severely disrupt normal operations and harm our business.
Our operations are located in different regions of the United States. Some of these areas, including the Denver-Julesburg Basin and the Bakken Shale, are adversely affected by seasonal weather conditions, primarily in the winter and spring. During periods of heavy snow, ice, wind or rain, we may be unable to move our equipment between locations, thereby reducing our ability to provide services and generate revenues, or we could suffer weather-related damage to our facilities and equipment, resulting in delays in operations. The exploration activities of our customers may also be affected during such periods of adverse weather conditions. Additionally, extended drought conditions in our operating regions could impact our ability or our customers' ability to source sufficient water or increase the cost for such water. As a result, a natural disaster or inclement weather conditions could severely disrupt the normal operation of our business and adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, some scientists have concluded that increasing concentrations of GHGs in the atmosphere may produce climate changes that have significant physical effects, such as increased frequency and severity of storms, droughts, and floods and other climate events that could have an adverse effect on our operations and the operations of our customers.
If we are unable to fully protect our intellectual property rights, or if any disputes regarding intellectual property rights arise with third parties, we may suffer a loss in our competitive advantage or market share.
We do not have patents or patent applications relating to many of our key processes and technology. If we are not able to maintain the confidentiality of our trade secrets, or if our competitors are able to replicate our technology or services, our competitive advantage would be diminished. We cannot assure you we will be able to prevent our competitors from employing comparable technologies or processes.
In addition, third parties from time to time may initiate litigation against us by asserting that the conduct of our business infringes, misappropriates or otherwise violates intellectual property rights. If we are sued for infringement and lose, we could be required to pay substantial damages and/or be enjoined from using or selling the infringing products or technology. Any legal proceeding concerning intellectual property could be protracted and costly regardless of the merits of any claim and is inherently unpredictable and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, regardless of its outcome.
Additionally, we currently license certain third party intellectual property in connection with our business, and the loss of any such license could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.
We may be subject to interruptions or failures in our information technology systems.
We rely on sophisticated information technology systems and infrastructure to support our business, including process control technology. Any of these systems may be susceptible to outages due to fire, floods, power loss, telecommunications failures, usage errors by employees, computer viruses, cyber-attacks or other security breaches, or similar events. The failure of any of our information technology systems may cause disruptions in our operations, which could adversely affect our revenues and profitability.
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We are subject to cyber security risks. A cyber incident could occur and result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption and/or financial loss.
The oil and natural gas industry has become increasingly dependent on digital technologies to conduct certain processing activities. For example, we depend on digital technologies to perform many of our services and to process and record financial and operating data. At the same time, cyber incidents, including deliberate attacks, have increased. The U.S. government has issued public warnings that indicate that energy assets might be specific targets of cyber security threats. Our technologies, systems and networks, and those of our vendors, suppliers and other business partners, may become the target of cyberattacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of proprietary and other information, or other disruption of business operations. In addition, certain cyber incidents, such as surveillance, may remain undetected for an extended period. Our systems and insurance coverage for protecting against cyber security risks may not be sufficient. As the sophistication of cyber incidents continues to evolve, we will likely be required to expend additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any vulnerability to cyber incidents. Our insurance coverage for cyberattacks may not be sufficient to cover all the losses we may experience as a result of such cyberattacks.
A terrorist attack or armed conflict could harm our business.
The occurrence or threat of terrorist attacks in the United States or other countries, anti-terrorist efforts and other armed conflicts involving the United States or other countries, including continued hostilities in the Middle East, may adversely affect the United States and global economies and could prevent us from meeting our financial and other obligations. If any of these events occur, the resulting political instability and societal disruption could reduce overall demand for oil and natural gas, potentially putting downward pressure on demand for our services and causing a reduction in our revenues. Oil and natural gas-related facilities could be direct targets of terrorist attacks, and our operations could be adversely impacted if infrastructure integral to our customers' operations is destroyed or damaged. Costs for insurance and other security may increase as a result of these threats, and some insurance coverage may become more difficult to obtain, if available at all.
We may record losses or impairment charges related to idle assets or assets that we sell.
Prolonged periods of low utilization, changes in technology or the sale of assets below their carrying value may cause us to experience losses in our results of operations. These events could result in the recognition of impairment charges that negatively impact our financial results. Significant impairment charges as a result of a decline in market conditions or otherwise could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in future periods.
Risks Related to this Offering and Our Class A Common Stock
The requirements of being a public company, including compliance with the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and the requirements of Sarbanes-Oxley, may strain our resources, increase our costs and distract management, and we may be unable to comply with these requirements in a timely or cost-effective manner.
As a public company, we will need to comply with laws, regulations and requirements that are new to us, certain corporate governance provisions of Sarbanes-Oxley, related regulations of the SEC and the requirements of the NYSE, with which we are not required to comply as a private company. Complying with these statutes, regulations and requirements will occupy a significant amount of time of
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our board of directors and management and will significantly increase our costs and expenses. We will need to:
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- institute a more comprehensive compliance function;
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- comply with rules promulgated by the NYSE;
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- continue to prepare and distribute periodic public reports in compliance with our obligations under the federal securities laws;
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- establish new internal policies, such as those relating to insider trading; and
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- involve and retain to a greater degree outside counsel and accountants in the above activities.
Furthermore, while we generally must comply with Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2018, we are not required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls until our first annual report subsequent to our ceasing to be an "emerging growth company" within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act. Accordingly, we may not be required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls until as late as our annual report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. Once it is required to do so, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed. Compliance with these requirements may strain our resources, increase our costs and distract management, and we may be unable to comply with these requirements in a timely or cost-effective manner.
In addition, we expect that being a public company subject to these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We are currently evaluating these rules, and we cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.
We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and may identify additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, which may result in material misstatements of our financial statements or cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting obligations.
As a public company, we will be required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in those internal controls, subject to any exemptions that we avail ourselves to under the JOBS Act. For example, we will be required to perform system and process evaluation and testing of our internal control over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley. We are in the process of designing, implementing, and testing internal control over financial reporting required to comply with this obligation.
We and our independent auditors have identified material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness related to the lack of sufficient qualified accounting personnel, which led to the incorrect application of generally accepted accounting principles, ineffective controls over accounting for non-routine and/or complex transactions, and ineffective controls over the financial statement close and reporting processes.
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Our failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in errors in our financial statements that could result in a restatement of our financial statements and cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. Ineffective internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our Class A common stock.
The initial public offering price of our Class A common stock may not be indicative of the market price of our Class A common stock after this offering. In addition, an active, liquid and orderly trading market for our Class A common stock may not develop or be maintained, and our stock price may be volatile.
Prior to this offering, our Class A common stock was not traded on any market. An active, liquid and orderly trading market for our Class A common stock may not develop or be maintained after this offering. Active, liquid and orderly trading markets usually result in less price volatility and more efficiency in carrying out investors' purchase and sale orders. The market price of our Class A common stock could vary significantly as a result of a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control. In the event of a drop in the market price of our Class A common stock, you could lose a substantial part or all of your investment in our Class A common stock. The initial public offering price will be negotiated between us, the selling shareholders and representatives of the underwriters, based on numerous factors that we discuss in "Underwriting," and may not be indicative of the market price of our Class A common stock after this offering. Consequently, you may not be able to sell shares of our Class A common stock at prices equal to or greater than the price paid by you in this offering.
The following factors could affect our stock price:
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- quarterly variations in our financial and operating results;
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- the public reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC;
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- strategic actions by our competitors;
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- changes in revenues or earnings estimates, or changes in recommendations or withdrawal of research coverage, by equity research analysts;
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- speculation in the press or investment community;
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- the failure of research analysts to cover our Class A common stock;
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- sales of our Class A common stock by us or other shareholders, or the perception that such sales may occur;
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- equity capital markets transactions by other oilfield services companies, including by way of initial public offerings;
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- changes in accounting principles, policies, guidance, interpretations or standards;
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- additions or departures of key management personnel;
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- actions by our shareholders;
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- general market conditions, including fluctuations in commodity prices;
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- changes in, or investors' perception of, the oil and natural gas industry;
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- litigation involving us, our industry, or both;
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- domestic and international economic, legal and regulatory factors unrelated to our performance; and
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- the realization of any risks described under this "Risk Factors" section.
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The stock markets in general have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our Class A common stock. Securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the overall market and in the market price of a company's securities. Such litigation, if instituted against us, could result in very substantial costs, divert our management's attention and resources and harm our business, operating results and financial condition.
CSL has the ability to direct the voting of a majority of our voting stock, and their interests may conflict with those of our other shareholders.
Upon completion of this offering, the Existing Owners will initially own approximately % of our voting stock (or approximately % if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full). CSL holds a majority of the voting interests in each of the Existing Owners. As a result, CSL will be able to control matters requiring shareholder approval, including the election of directors, changes to our organizational documents and significant corporate transactions. This concentration of ownership makes it unlikely that any other holder or group of holders of our Class A common stock will be able to affect the way we are managed or the direction of our business. The interests of CSL with respect to matters potentially or actually involving or affecting us, such as future acquisitions, financings and other corporate opportunities and attempts to acquire us, may conflict with the interests of our other shareholders.
For example, CSL may have different tax positions from us, especially in light of the Tax Receivable Agreement, that could influence its decisions regarding whether and when to support the disposition of assets, the incurrence or refinancing of new or existing indebtedness, or the termination of the Tax Receivable Agreement and the acceleration of our obligations thereunder. In addition, the determination of future tax reporting positions, the structuring of future transactions and the handling of any challenge by any taxing authority to our tax reporting positions may take into consideration CSL tax or other considerations that may differ from the considerations of us or our other shareholders. Please see "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsTax Receivable Agreement."
Given this concentrated ownership, CSL would have to approve any potential acquisition of us. The existence of a significant shareholder may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers, delaying or preventing changes in control or changes in management, or limiting the ability of our other shareholders to approve transactions that they may deem to be in the best interests of our company. Moreover, CSL's concentration of stock ownership may adversely affect the trading price of our Class A common stock to the extent investors perceive a disadvantage in owning stock of a company with a significant shareholder.
Certain of our executive officers and directors have significant duties with, and spend significant time serving, entities that may compete with us in seeking acquisitions and business opportunities and, accordingly, may have conflicts of interest in allocating time or pursuing business opportunities.
Certain of our executive officers and directors, who are responsible for managing the direction of our operations, hold positions of responsibility with other entities (including affiliated entities) that are in the oil and natural gas industry. These executive officers and directors may become aware of business opportunities that may be appropriate for presentation to us as well as to the other entities with which they are or may become affiliated. Due to these existing and potential future affiliations, these individuals may present potential business opportunities to other entities prior to presenting them to us, which could cause additional conflicts of interest. They may also decide that certain opportunities are more appropriate for other entities with which they are affiliated, and as a result, they may elect not to present those opportunities to us. These conflicts may not be resolved in our favor. For
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additional discussion of our management's business affiliations and the potential conflicts of interest of which our shareholders should be aware, see "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions."
CSL and its respective affiliates are not limited in their ability to compete with us, and the corporate opportunity provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation could enable CSL to benefit from corporate opportunities that might otherwise be available to us.
Our governing documents will provide that CSL and its respective affiliates (including portfolio investments of CSL and its affiliates) are not restricted from owning assets or engaging in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. In particular, subject to the limitations of applicable law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will, among other things:
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- permit CSL and its respective affiliates to conduct business that competes with us and to make investments in any kind of property in which we
may make investments; and
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- provide that if CSL or its respective affiliates, or any employee, partner, member, manager, officer or director of CSL or its respective affiliates who is also one of our directors or officers, becomes aware of a potential business opportunity, transaction or other matter, they will have no duty to communicate or offer that opportunity to us.
CSL or its respective affiliates may become aware, from time to time, of certain business opportunities (such as acquisition opportunities) and may direct such opportunities to other businesses in which they have invested, in which case we may not become aware of or otherwise have the ability to pursue such opportunity. Furthermore, such businesses may choose to compete with us for these opportunities, possibly causing these opportunities to not be available to us or causing them to be more expensive for us to pursue. In addition, CSL and its respective affiliates may dispose of equipment or other assets in the future, without any obligation to offer us the opportunity to purchase any of those assets. As a result, our renouncing our interest and expectancy in any business opportunity that may be from time to time presented to CSL and its respective affiliates could adversely impact our business or prospects if attractive business opportunities are procured by such parties for their own benefit rather than for ours.
A significant reduction by CSL of its ownership interests in us could adversely affect us.
We believe that CSL's ownership interest in us provides it with an economic incentive to assist us to be successful. Upon the expiration or earlier waiver of the lock-up restrictions on transfers or sales of our securities following the completion of this offering, CSL will not be subject to any obligation to maintain its ownership interest in us and may elect at any time thereafter to sell all or a substantial portion of or otherwise reduce its ownership interest in us. If CSL sells all or a substantial portion of its ownership interest in us, it may have less incentive to assist in our success and its affiliate(s) that are expected to serve as members of our board of directors may resign. Such actions could adversely affect our ability to successfully implement our business strategies which could adversely affect our cash flows or results of operations.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, as well as Delaware law, will contain provisions that could discourage acquisition bids or merger proposals, which may adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock and could deprive our investors of the opportunity to receive a premium for their shares.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will authorize our board of directors to issue preferred stock without shareholder approval in one or more series, designate the number of shares constituting any series, and fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption, redemption price or prices and liquidation preferences of such series. If our board of directors elects to issue preferred stock, it could
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be more difficult for a third party to acquire us. In addition, some provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us, even if the change of control would be beneficial to our shareholders. These provisions include:
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- after CSL and its affiliates no longer collectively hold more than 50% of the voting power of our common stock, dividing our board of directors
into three classes of directors, with each class serving staggered three-year terms;
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- after CSL and its affiliates no longer collectively hold more than 50% of the voting power of our common stock, providing that all vacancies,
including newly created directorships, may, except as otherwise required by law or, if applicable, the rights of holders of a series of preferred stock, only be filled by the affirmative vote of a
majority of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum (prior to such time, vacancies may also be filled by shareholders holding a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote);
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- after CSL and its affiliates no longer collectively hold more than 50% of the voting power of our common stock, permitting any action by
shareholders to be taken only at an annual meeting or special meeting rather than by a written consent of the shareholders, subject to the rights of any series of preferred stock with respect to such
rights;
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- after CSL and its affiliates no longer collectively hold more than 50% of the voting power of our common stock, permitting special meetings of
our shareholders to be called only by our board of directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the total number of authorized directors whether or not there
exist any vacancies in previously authorized directorships (prior to such time, a special meeting may also be called at the request of shareholders holding a majority of the outstanding shares
entitled to vote);
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- after CSL and its affiliates no longer collectively hold more than 50% of the voting power of our common stock, requiring the affirmative vote
of the holders of at least % in voting power of all then outstanding common stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, to remove
any or all of the directors from office at any time, and directors will be removable only for "cause";
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- prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors;
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- establishing advance notice provisions for shareholder proposals and nominations for elections to the board of directors to be acted upon at
meetings of shareholders; and
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- providing that the board of directors is expressly authorized to adopt, or to alter or repeal our bylaws.
In addition, certain change of control events have the effect of accelerating the payment due under the Tax Receivable Agreement, which could be substantial and accordingly serve as a deterrent to a potential acquirer of our company. Please see "Risks Related to Our Corporate Reorganization and Resulting StructureIn certain cases, payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement may be accelerated and/or significantly exceed the actual benefits, if any, we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement."
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our shareholders, which could limit our shareholders' ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will, to
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the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, employees or agents to us or our shareholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the "DGCL"), our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in each such case subject to such Court of Chancery having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants therein. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock will be deemed to have notice of, and consented to, the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation described in the preceding sentence. This choice of forum provision may limit a shareholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it considers more likely to be favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and such persons. Alternatively, if a court were to find these provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, prospects or results of operations.
We may invest or spend the proceeds of this offering in ways with which you may not agree or in ways which may not yield a return.
A portion of the net proceeds from this offering are expected to be used for general corporate purposes, including funding potential future acquisitions and other capital expenditures. Our management will have considerable discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. The net proceeds may be used for corporate purposes that do not increase our operating results or market value. Until the net proceeds are used, they may be placed in investments that do not produce significant income or that may lose value.
Investors in this offering will experience immediate and substantial dilution of $ per share.
Based on an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), purchasers of our Class A common stock in this offering will experience an immediate and substantial dilution of $ per share in the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of Class A common stock from the initial public offering price, and our as adjusted net tangible book value as of March 31, 2017 after giving effect to this offering would be $ per share. This dilution is due in large part to earlier investors having paid substantially less than the initial public offering price when they purchased their shares. See "Dilution."
We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our Class A common stock, and our Credit Facility will place certain restrictions on our ability to do so. Consequently, your only opportunity to achieve a return on your investment is if the price of our Class A common stock appreciates.
We do not plan to declare cash dividends on shares of our Class A common stock in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our Credit Facility will place certain restrictions on our ability to pay cash dividends. Consequently, your only opportunity to achieve a return on your investment in us will be if you sell your Class A common stock at a price greater than you paid for it. There is no guarantee that the price of our Class A common stock that will prevail in the market will ever exceed the price that you pay in this offering.
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Future sales of our Class A common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur, could reduce our stock price, and any additional capital raised by us through the sale of equity or convertible securities may dilute your ownership in us.
We may sell additional shares of Class A common stock or securities convertible into Class A common stock in subsequent public offerings. After the completion of this offering, we will have outstanding shares of Class A common stock. This number includes shares that we are selling in this offering and shares that we may sell in this offering if the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is fully exercised, which may be resold immediately in the public market. Following the completion of this offering, certain of the Existing Owners will own shares of our Class B common stock, or, assuming full exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares, approximately % of our total outstanding shares. The Existing Owners will be party to a registration rights agreement, which will require us to effect the registration of any shares of Class A common stock held by an Existing Owner or that an Existing Owner receives upon redemption of its shares of Class B common stock in certain circumstances no earlier than the expiration of the lock-up period contained in the underwriting agreement entered into in connection with this offering.
In connection with this offering, we intend to file a registration statement with the SEC on Form S-8 providing for the registration of shares of our Class A common stock issued or reserved for issuance under our long term incentive plan. Subject to the satisfaction of vesting conditions, the expiration of lock-up agreements and the requirements of Rule 144, shares registered under the registration statement on Form S-8 may be made available for resale immediately in the public market without restriction.
We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our Class A common stock or securities convertible into Class A common stock or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of shares of our Class A common stock will have on the market price of our Class A common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our Class A common stock (including shares issued in connection with an acquisition), or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices of our Class A common stock.
The underwriters of this offering may waive or release parties to the lock-up agreements entered into in connection with this offering, which could adversely affect the price of our Class A common stock.
We, all of our directors and executive officers and the selling shareholders have entered or will enter into lock-up agreements pursuant to which we and they will be subject to certain restrictions with respect to the sale or other disposition of our Class A common stock or securities convertible into Class A common stock for a period of 180 days following the date of this prospectus. The underwriters, at any time and without notice, may release all or any portion of the Class A common stock subject to the foregoing lock-up agreements. See "Underwriting" for more information on these agreements. If the restrictions under the lock-up agreements are waived, then the Class A common stock, subject to compliance with the Securities Act or exceptions therefrom, will be available for sale into the public markets, which could cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline and impair our ability to raise capital.
We may issue preferred stock, the terms of which could adversely affect the voting power or value of our Class A common stock.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will authorize us to issue, without the approval of our shareholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such designations, preferences, limitations and relative rights, including preferences over our Class A common stock respecting dividends and distributions, as our board of directors may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could adversely impact the voting power or value of our
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Class A common stock. For example, we might grant holders of preferred stock the right to elect some number of our directors in all events or on the happening of specified events or the right to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences we might assign to holders of preferred stock could affect the residual value of the Class A common stock.
We expect to be a "controlled company" within the meaning of NYSE rules and, as a result, will qualify for and intend to rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements.
Upon completion of this offering, CSL, through its interests in the Existing Owners, will hold a majority of the voting power of our capital stock. As a result, we expect to be a controlled company within the meaning of NYSE corporate governance standards. Under NYSE rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors is held by an individual, a group or another company is a controlled company and may elect not to comply with certain NYSE corporate governance requirements, including the requirements that:
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- a majority of the board of directors consist of independent directors as defined under the rules of the NYSE;
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- the nominating and governance committee be composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee's purpose
and responsibilities; and
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- the compensation committee be composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee's purpose and responsibilities.
These requirements will not apply to us as long as we remain a controlled company. Following this offering, we intend to utilize some or all of these exemptions. Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE. See "Management."
For as long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with certain reporting requirements, including those relating to accounting standards and disclosure about our executive compensation, that apply to other public companies.
We are classified as an "emerging growth company" under the JOBS Act. For as long as we are an emerging growth company, which may be up to five full fiscal years, unlike other public companies, we will not be required to, among other things: (i) provide an auditor's attestation report on management's assessment of the effectiveness of our system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of Sarbanes-Oxley; (ii) comply with any new requirements adopted by the PCAOB requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor's report in which the auditor would be required to provide additional information about the audit and the financial statements of the issuer; (iii) provide certain disclosures regarding executive compensation required of larger public companies; or (iv) hold nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation. We will remain an emerging growth company for up to five years, although we will lose that status sooner if we have more than $1.07 billion of revenues in a fiscal year, have more than $700.0 million in market value of our Class A common stock held by non-affiliates, or issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period.
To the extent that we rely on any of the exemptions available to emerging growth companies, you will receive less information about our executive compensation and internal control over financial reporting than issuers that are not emerging growth companies. If some investors find our Class A common stock to be less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Class A common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.
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If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our Class A common stock or if our operating results do not meet their expectations, our stock price could decline.
The trading market for our Class A common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline. Moreover, if one or more of the analysts who cover our company adversely changes his or her recommendation with respect to our Class A common stock or if our operating results do not meet their expectations, our stock price could decline.
Risks Related to Our Corporate Reorganization and Resulting Structure
We are a holding company. Our sole material asset after completion of this offering will be our equity interest in Ranger LLC and we will be accordingly dependent upon distributions from Ranger LLC to pay taxes, make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement and cover our corporate and other overhead expenses.
We are a holding company and will have no material assets other than our equity interest in Ranger LLC. Please see "Corporate Reorganization." We will have no independent means of generating revenues. To the extent Ranger LLC has available cash, we intend to cause Ranger LLC to make (i) generally pro rata distributions to its unit holders, including us, in an amount at least sufficient to allow us to pay our taxes and to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement we will enter into with the TRA Holders and any subsequent tax receivable agreements that we may enter into in connection with future acquisitions and (ii) non-pro rata payments to us in an amount at least sufficient to reimburse us for our corporate and other overhead expenses. We will be limited, however, in our ability to cause Ranger LLC and its subsidiaries to make these and other distributions or payments to us due to certain limitations, including restrictions under our Credit Facility and the cash requirements and financial condition of Ranger LLC. To the extent that we need funds and Ranger LLC or its subsidiaries are restricted from making such distributions or payments under applicable laws or regulations or under the terms of any future financing arrangements, or are otherwise unable to provide such funds, our liquidity and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
Moreover, because we will have no independent means of generating revenue, our ability to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement is dependent on the ability of Ranger LLC to make distributions to us in an amount sufficient to cover our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement. This ability, in turn, may depend on the ability of Ranger LLC's subsidiaries to make distributions to it. The ability of Ranger LLC, its subsidiaries and other entities in which it directly or indirectly holds an equity interest to make such distributions will be subject to, among other things, (i) the applicable provisions of Delaware law (or other applicable jurisdiction) that may limit the amount of funds available for distribution and (ii) restrictions in relevant debt instruments entered into by Ranger LLC or its subsidiaries and/other entities in which it directly or indirectly holds an equity interest. To the extent that we are unable to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement for any reason, such payments will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid.
We will be required to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement for certain tax benefits that we may claim, and the amounts of such payments could be significant.
In connection with the closing of this offering, we will enter into a Tax Receivable Agreement with the TRA Holders. This agreement will generally provide for the payment by us to each TRA Holder of 85% of the net cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income and franchise tax that we actually realize (computed using the estimated impact of state and local taxes) or are deemed to realize
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in certain circumstances in periods after this offering as a result of certain increases in tax basis and certain benefits attributable to imputed interest. We will retain the benefit of the remaining 15% of these cash savings.
The term of the Tax Receivable Agreement will commence upon the completion of this offering and will continue until all tax benefits that are subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement have been utilized or expired, unless we exercise our right to terminate the Tax Receivable Agreement (or the Tax Receivable Agreement is terminated due to other circumstances, including our breach of a material obligation thereunder or certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combination or other changes of control), and we make the termination payments specified in the Tax Receivable Agreement. In addition, payments we make under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be increased by any interest accrued from the due date (without extensions) of the corresponding tax return.
The payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement are our obligations and not obligations of Ranger LLC, and we expect that the payments we will be required to make under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be substantial. Estimating the amount and timing of payments that may become due under the Tax Receivable Agreement is by its nature imprecise. For purposes of the Tax Receivable Agreement, cash savings in tax generally are calculated by comparing our actual tax liability (computed using the estimated impact of state and local taxes) to the amount we would have been required to pay had we not been able to utilize any of the tax benefits subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement. The actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of the redemptions of Ranger Units, the price of our Class A common stock at the time of each redemption, the extent to which such redemptions are taxable transactions, the amount of the redeeming Ranger Unit Holder's tax basis in its Ranger Units at the time of the relevant redemption, the depreciation and amortization periods that apply to the increase in tax basis, the amount, character and timing of the taxable income we generate in the future, the U.S. federal income tax rates then applicable, and the portion of our payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement that constitute imputed interest or give rise to depreciable or amortizable tax basis.
Our ability to realize the tax benefits that we currently expect to be available as a result of the increases in tax basis created by redemptions and our ability to utilize the interest deductions imputed under the Tax Receivable Agreement depend on a number of assumptions, including that we earn sufficient taxable income each year during the period over which such deductions are available and that there are no adverse changes in applicable law or regulations. If our actual taxable income was insufficient or there were adverse changes in applicable law or regulations, we may be unable to realize all or a portion of these expected benefits and our cash flows could be negatively affected.
The payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will not be conditioned upon a holder of rights under the Tax Receivable Agreement having a continued ownership interest in either Ranger LLC or us. For additional information regarding the Tax Receivable Agreement, see "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsTax Receivable Agreement."
In certain cases, payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement may be accelerated and/or significantly exceed the actual benefits, if any, we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement.
If we elect to terminate the Tax Receivable Agreement early or it is terminated early due to our breach of a material obligation thereunder or due to certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations or other changes of control, our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement would accelerate and we would be required to make an immediate payment equal to the present value of the anticipated future payments to be made by us under the Tax Receivable Agreement (determined by applying a discount rate equal to one-year London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus basis points. The calculation of anticipated future payments will be based upon certain assumptions and
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deemed events set forth in the Tax Receivable Agreement, including (i) the assumption that we have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the tax benefits covered by the Tax Receivable Agreement (including having sufficient taxable income to currently utilize any accumulated net operating loss carryforwards) and (ii) the assumption that any Ranger Units (other than those held by us) outstanding on the termination date are deemed to be redeemed on the termination date. Any early termination payment may be made significantly in advance of the actual realization, if any, of the future tax benefits to which the termination payment relates.
As a result of either an early termination or a change of control, we could be required to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement that exceed our actual cash tax savings under the Tax Receivable Agreement. In these situations, our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement could have a substantial negative impact on our liquidity and could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing certain mergers, asset sales or other forms of business combinations or changes of control that could be in the best interests of holders of our Class A common stock. For example, if the Tax Receivable Agreement were terminated immediately after this offering, the present value of the estimated termination payments would, in the aggregate, be approximately $ million (calculated using a discount rate equal to one-year LIBOR plus basis points, applied against an undiscounted liability of approximately $ million). The foregoing amount is merely an estimate and the actual payment could differ materially. There can be no assurance that we will be able to finance our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement.
Please see "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsTax Receivable Agreement."
In the event that our payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement are accelerated upon certain mergers, other forms of business combinations or other changes of control, the consideration payable to holders of our Class A common stock could be substantially reduced.
If we experience a change of control (as defined under the Tax Receivable Agreement, which includes certain mergers, asset sales and other forms of business combinations), we would be obligated to make a substantial, immediate lump-sum payment, and such payment may be significantly in advance of, and may materially exceed, the actual realization, if any, of the future tax benefits to which the payment relates. As a result of this payment obligation, holders of our Class A common stock could receive substantially less consideration in connection with a change of control transaction than they would receive in the absence of such obligation. Further, our payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement will not be conditioned upon the TRA Holders' having a continued interest in us or Ranger LLC. Accordingly, the TRA Holders' interests may conflict with those of the holders of our Class A common stock. Please read "Risks Related to Our Corporate Reorganization and Resulting StructureIn certain cases, payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement may be accelerated and/or significantly exceed the actual benefits, if any, we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement" and "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsTax Receivable Agreement."
We will not be reimbursed for any payments made under the Tax Receivable Agreement in the event that any tax benefits are subsequently disallowed.
Payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be based on the tax reporting positions that we will determine. The TRA Holders will not reimburse us for any payments previously made under the Tax Receivable Agreement if any tax benefits that have given rise to payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement are subsequently disallowed, except that excess payments made to any TRA Holder will be netted against payments that would otherwise be made to such TRA Holder, if any, after our determination of such excess. As a result, in such circumstances, we could make payments that are greater than our actual cash tax savings, if any, and may not be able to recoup those payments, which could adversely affect our liquidity.
49
If Ranger LLC were to become a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we and Ranger LLC might be subject to potentially significant tax inefficiencies, and we would not be able to recover payments previously made by us under the Tax Receivable Agreement even if the corresponding tax benefits were subsequently determined to have been unavailable due to such status.
We intend to operate such that Ranger LLC does not become a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A "publicly traded partnership" is a partnership, the interests of which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. Under certain circumstances, redemptions of Ranger Units pursuant to a Redemption Right (or our Call Right) or other transfers of Ranger Units could cause Ranger LLC to be treated as a publicly traded partnership. Applicable U.S. Treasury regulations provide for certain safe harbors from treatment as a publicly traded partnership, and we intend to operate such that redemptions or other transfers of Ranger Units qualify for one or more such safe harbors. For example, we intend to limit the number of Ranger Unit Holders, and the Ranger LLC Agreement, which will be entered into in connection with the closing of this offering, will provide for limitations on the ability of Ranger Unit Holders to transfer their Ranger Units and will provide us, as managing member of Ranger LLC, with the right to impose restrictions (in addition to those already in place) on the ability of Ranger Unit Holders to redeem their Ranger Units pursuant to a Redemption Right to the extent we believe it is necessary to ensure that Ranger LLC will continue to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
If Ranger LLC were to become a publicly traded partnership, significant tax inefficiencies might result for us and for Ranger LLC, including as a result of our inability to file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return with Ranger LLC. In addition, we may not be able to realize tax benefits covered under the Tax Receivable Agreement, and we would not be able to recover any payments previously made by us under the Tax Receivable Agreement, even if the corresponding tax benefits (including any claimed increase in the tax basis of Ranger LLC's assets) were subsequently determined to have been unavailable.
The sale or redemption of 50% or more of the capital and profits interests of Ranger LLC during any twelve-month period will result in the termination of the Ranger LLC partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which could result in significant deferral of depreciation deductions allowable in computing our taxable income.
Ranger LLC will be considered to have terminated its partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes if there is a sale or redemption of 50% or more of the total interests in its capital and profits within a twelve-month period. For purposes of determining whether the 50% threshold has been met, multiple sales of the same interest will be counted only once. Among other consequences, the termination of Ranger LLC for U.S. federal income tax purposes could result in a significant deferral of depreciation deductions allowable in computing Ranger LLC's taxable income, including the taxable income of Ranger LLC that is allocable to us. The termination of Ranger LLC would not affect its classification as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but it would result in its being treated as a new partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes following the termination.
50
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The information in this prospectus includes "forward-looking statements." All statements, other than statements of historical fact included in this prospectus, regarding our strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. When used in this prospectus, the words "could," "believe," "anticipate," "intend," "estimate," "expect," "project" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such identifying words. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions about future events and are based on currently available information as to the outcome and timing of future events. When considering forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements described under the heading "Risk Factors" included in this prospectus. These forward-looking statements are based on management's current belief, based on currently available information, as to the outcome and timing of future events.
Forward-looking statements may include statements about:
-
- our business strategy;
-
- our operating cash flows, the availability of capital and our liquidity;
-
- our future revenue, income and operating performance;
-
- our ability to sustain and improve our utilization, revenues and margins;
-
- our ability to maintain acceptable pricing for our services;
-
- our future capital expenditures;
-
- our ability to finance equipment, working capital and capital expenditures;
-
- competition and government regulations;
-
- our ability to obtain permits and governmental approvals;
-
- pending legal or environmental matters;
-
- marketing of oil and natural gas;
-
- business or asset acquisitions;
-
- general economic conditions;
-
- credit markets;
-
- our ability to successfully develop our research and technology capabilities and implement technological developments and enhancements;
-
- uncertainty regarding our future operating results; and
-
- plans, objectives, expectations and intentions contained in this prospectus that are not historical.
We caution you that these forward-looking statements are subject to all of the risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. These risks include, but are not limited to, the risks described under "Risk Factors" in this prospectus. Should one or more of the risks or uncertainties described in this prospectus occur, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results and plans could differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements.
All forward-looking statements, expressed or implied, included in this prospectus are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. This cautionary statement should also be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue. Except as otherwise required by applicable law, we disclaim any duty to update any forward-looking statements, all of which are expressly qualified by the statements in this section, to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus.
51
We expect to receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately $ million (assuming the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses of approximately $ million, in the aggregate. We intend to contribute all of the net proceeds received by us in this offering to Ranger LLC in exchange for Ranger Units. Ranger LLC will use approximately $29.1 million of the net proceeds to fully repay amounts outstanding under the Ranger Line of Credit, the Ranger Note and the Ranger Bridge Loan (including the make-whole premium thereon), and approximately $38.6 million of the net proceeds to acquire high-spec well service rigs, including pursuant to the NOV Purchase Agreement. Ranger LLC will use the remaining net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including funding potential future acquisitions and other capital expenditures. The following table illustrates our anticipated use of the net proceeds from this offering:
Sources of Funds | Uses of Funds | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(in millions) |
|
(in millions) |
||||||
Net proceeds from this offering |
$ | Repayment of Ranger Line of Credit, Ranger Note and Ranger Bridge Loan(1) |
$ | 29.1 | |||||
|
Acquisition of high-spec well service rigs, including pursuant to the NOV Purchase Agreement(1) |
38.6 | |||||||
|
General corporate purposes, including funding potential future acquisitions and other capital expenditures |
||||||||
| | | | | | | | | |
Total |
$ | Total |
$ | ||||||
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
- (1)
- Represents amounts outstanding under the Ranger Line of Credit, Ranger Note and Ranger Bridge Loan (including the make-whole premium thereon), and remaining amounts payable under purchase agreements to acquire high-spec well service rigs, including the NOV Purchase Agreement, as of May 19, 2017.
As of March 31, 2017, we had $5.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Ranger Line of Credit, which matures in April 2018 and, as of March 31, 2017, bore interest at 4.28%, $5.8 million of outstanding borrowings under the Ranger Note, which is payable in equal monthly installments through May 1, 2019, and as of March 31, 2017, bore interest at 4.28%, and $11.1 million outstanding under the Ranger Bridge Loan, which matures in February 2018 unless earlier terminated in connection with an initial public offering and bears interest at 15%. The Ranger Bridge Loan was subsequently increased to $12.1 million on April 5, 2017 and to $14.6 million on May 18, 2017. The outstanding borrowings under the Ranger Line of Credit, the Ranger Note and the Ranger Bridge Loan were incurred to fund capital expenditures (including, in the case of the Ranger Bridge Loan, pursuant to the NOV Purchase Agreement) and for general corporate purposes. In connection with the consummation of this offering and the use of proceeds therefrom, we intend to fully repay and terminate the Ranger Line of Credit, the Ranger Note and the Ranger Bridge Loan and enter into a new credit agreement providing for a $ million Credit Facility. For additional information, please see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital ResourcesOur Debt Agreements."
A $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $ per share would cause the net proceeds from this offering received by us, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses, to increase or decrease, respectively, by
52
approximately $ million, assuming the number of shares offered by us (as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) remains the same. If the proceeds increase due to a higher initial public offering price, we would use the additional net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including funding additional potential future acquisitions and other capital expenditures. If the proceeds decrease due to a lower initial public offering price, we would first reduce by a corresponding amount the net proceeds to be used for general corporate purposes, including funding potential future acquisitions and other capital expenditures, then, if necessary, the net proceeds directed to acquire high-spec well service rigs, including pursuant to the NOV Purchase Agreement.
To the extent the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full or in part, we will contribute the net proceeds we receive therefrom to Ranger LLC in exchange for an additional number of Ranger Units equal to the number of shares of Class A common stock we issue pursuant to the underwriters' option. Ranger LLC will use such net proceeds to purchase from Ranger Holdings and Torrent Holdings an aggregate number of Ranger Units equal to the number of shares of Class A common stock we issue pursuant to the underwriters' option.
We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares of our Class A common stock by the selling shareholders. We will pay all expenses related to this offering, other than underwriting discounts and commissions related to the shares sold by the selling shareholders.
53
We do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends to holders of our Class A common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the growth of our business. Our future dividend policy is within the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon then-existing conditions, including our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, investment opportunities, statutory restrictions on our ability to pay dividends and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, we expect that our Credit Facility will restrict our ability to pay cash dividends to holders of our Class A common stock.
54
The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of March 31, 2017:
-
- on an actual basis; and
-
- as adjusted to give effect to (i) the transactions described under "Corporate Reorganization" and (ii) the sale of shares of our Class A common stock in this offering at the initial offering price of $ per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus).
You should read the following table in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our combined consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
|
As of March 31, 2017 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Actual | As Adjusted | |||||
|
(in millions, except number of shares and par value) |
||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 2.0 | $ | ||||
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Long-term debt, including current portion and related party debt: |
|||||||
Term loans(1) |
$ | 17.5 | $ | | |||
Revolving credit facility(2) |
5.0 | | |||||
| | | | | | | |
Total long-term debt |
22.5 | ||||||
Net parent investment/Shareholders' Equity: |
|||||||
Net parent investment |
$ | 110.8 | | ||||
Preferred stock, $0.01 per share; no shares authorized, issued or outstanding (Actual), shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding (As Adjusted) |
| ||||||
Class A common stock, $0.01 par value; no shares authorized, issued or outstanding (Actual) ; shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding (As Adjusted) |
| ||||||
Class B common stock, $0.01 par value, no shares authorized, issued or outstanding (Actual) ; shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding (As Adjusted) |
| ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
| ||||||
Non-controlling interests |
| ||||||
| | | | | | | |
Total net parent investment/shareholders' equity |
110.8 | ||||||
| | | | | | | |
Total capitalization |
$ | 133.3 | $ | ||||
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
- (1)
- The
"Actual" column includes amounts outstanding under the Ranger Note, the Existing Torrent Note (as defined herein) and the Ranger Bridge Loan as of
March 31, 2017. Prior to the commencement of this offering, we intend to repay and terminate the Existing Torrent Note. On April 5, 2017, the Ranger Bridge Loan was increased from $11.1
million to $12.1 million and on May 18, 2017 was increased to $14.6 million. In connection with the consummation of this offering, we intend to fully repay and terminate the
Ranger Note and the Ranger Bridge Loan.
- (2)
- The "Actual" column includes amounts outstanding under the Ranger Line of Credit as of March 31, 2017. In connection with the consummation of this offering, we intend to fully repay and terminate the Ranger Line of Credit and enter into the new Credit Facility, a $ million senior secured revolving credit facility. For additional information, please see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital ResourcesOur Debt Agreements."
55
Purchasers of the Class A common stock in this offering will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value per share of the Class A common stock for accounting purposes. Our net tangible book value as of March 31, 2017, after giving pro forma effect to the transactions described under "Corporate Reorganization," was approximately $ million, or $ per share of Class A common stock. Pro forma net tangible book value per share is determined by dividing our pro forma tangible net worth (tangible assets less total liabilities) by the total number of outstanding shares of Class A common stock (assuming that 100% of our Class B common stock has been redeemed for Class A common stock) that will be outstanding immediately prior to the closing of this offering including giving effect to our corporate reorganization. After giving effect to the sale of the shares in this offering and further assuming the receipt of the estimated net proceeds (after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses), our adjusted pro forma net tangible book value as of March 31, 2017 would have been approximately $ million, or $ per share. This represents an immediate increase in the net tangible book value of $ per share to the Existing Owners and an immediate dilution (i.e., the difference between the offering price and the adjusted pro forma net tangible book value after this offering) to new investors purchasing shares in this offering of $ per share. The following table illustrates the per share dilution to new investors purchasing shares in this offering (assuming that 100% of our Class B common stock has been redeemed for Class A common stock):
Initial public offering price per share of Class A common stock |
$ | ||||||
Pro forma net tangible book value per share of Class A common stock as of March 31, 2017 (after giving effect to our corporate reorganization) |
$ | ||||||
Increase per share of Class A common stock attributable to new investors in this offering |
|||||||
| | | | | | | |
As adjusted pro forma net tangible book value per share of Class A common stock after giving further effect to this offering |
|||||||
| | | | | | | |
Dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share of Class A common stock to new investors in this offering(1) |
$ | ||||||
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
- (1)
- If the initial public offering price were to increase or decrease by $1.00 per share, then dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering would equal $ or $ , respectively.
The following table summarizes, on an adjusted pro forma basis as of March 31, 2017, the total number of shares of Class A common stock owned by the Existing Owners (assuming that 100% of our Class B common stock has been redeemed for Class A common stock) and to be owned by new investors, the total consideration paid, and the average price per share paid by the Existing Owners and to be paid by new investors in this offering at $ , calculated before deduction of estimated underwriting discounts and commissions.
|
Shares Acquired | Total Consideration | |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Average Price Per Share |
|||||||||||||||
|
Number | Percent | Amount | Percent | ||||||||||||
|
(in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||
Existing Owners |
% | $ | % | $ | ||||||||||||
New investors in this offering |
||||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total |
% | $ | % | $ | ||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The data in the table excludes shares of Class A common stock initially reserved for issuance under our long-term incentive plan.
If the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full, the number of shares held by new investors will be increased to , or approximately % of the total number of shares of Class A common stock.
56
SELECTED HISTORICAL COMBINED CONSOLIDATED AND UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA
Ranger Inc. was formed in February 2017 and does not have historical financial results. The following table shows summary historical combined consolidated financial information of our Predecessor and summary unaudited pro forma condensed financial data for the periods and as of the dates indicated. The summary historical combined consolidated financial information at December 31, 2015 and 2016, and for the years then ended, was derived from the historical audited combined consolidated financial statements of our Predecessor included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary historical unaudited condensed combined consolidated financial information at March 31, 2017, and for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2017, was derived from the historical unaudited condensed combined consolidated financial statements of our Predecessor included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The summary unaudited pro forma condensed statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016 has been prepared to give pro forma effect to (i) the acquisitions of Magna and Bayou, (ii) the transactions described under "Corporate Reorganization" and (iii) this offering and the use of proceeds therefrom, as if each had been completed as of January 1, 2016. The summary unaudited pro forma condensed statement of operations and balance sheet for the three months ended March 31, 2017 have been prepared to give pro forma effect to (i) the transactions described under "Corporate Reorganization" and (ii) this offering and the use of proceeds therefrom, as if each had been completed on January 1, 2016, in the case of the unaudited pro forma condensed statement of operations data, and March 31, 2017, in the case of the unaudited pro forma condensed balance sheet data. This information is subject to and gives effect to the assumptions and adjustments described in the notes accompanying the unaudited pro forma condensed financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary unaudited pro forma condensed financial data are presented for informational purposes only and should not be considered indicative of actual results of operations that would have been achieved had the applicable transactions been consummated on the dates indicated, and do not purport to be indicative of results of operations for any future period. The following table should be read together with "Use of Proceeds," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "Corporate Reorganization" and the financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
57
|
Predecessor | Pro Forma Ranger Energy Services, Inc. |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 |
|||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, 2016 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
2015 | 2016 | 2016 | 2017 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
|||||||||||||||
|
(dollars in millions, except share, per share and operational amounts) |
||||||||||||||||||
Statements of Operations Data: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Well Services |
$ | 9.7 | $ | 46.3 | $ | 3.6 | $ | 27.3 | $ | $ | |||||||||
Processing Solutions |
11.5 | 6.5 | 1.2 | 1.8 | |||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues |
21.2 | 52.8 | 4.8 | 29.1 | |||||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Cost of services (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately): |
|||||||||||||||||||
Well Services |
8.2 | 36.7 | 2.9 | 23.2 | |||||||||||||||
Processing Solutions |
7.9 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | |||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total cost of services |
16.1 | 39.3 | 3.5 | 23.9 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
7.8 | 11.4 | 1.7 | 7.3 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2.1 | 6.6 | 0.9 | 3.6 | |||||||||||||||
Impairment of goodwill |
1.6 | | | | |||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses |
27.6 | 57.3 | 6.1 | 34.8 | |||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating loss |
(6.4 | ) | (4.5 | ) | (1.3 | ) | (5.7 | ) | |||||||||||
Interest expense, net |
(0.3 | ) | (0.5 | ) | (0.1 | ) | (0.5 | ) | |||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss before income taxes |
(6.7 | ) | (5.0 | ) | (1.4 | ) | (6.2 | ) | |||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income tax provision(1) |
| | | | |||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss |
$ | (6.7 | ) | $ | (5.0 | ) | $ | (1.4 | ) | $ | (6.2 | ) | $ | $ | |||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interest |
|||||||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss attributable to shareholders |
$ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss per share: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
Diluted |
|||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
|||||||||||||||||||
Diluted |
|||||||||||||||||||
Statements of Cash Flows Data: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Cash flows used in operating activities |
$ | (5.2 | ) | $ | (5.2 | ) | $ | (0.3 | ) | $ | (6.8 | ) | |||||||
Cash flows used in investing activities |
(25.5 | ) | (25.4 | ) | (1.4 | ) | (7.3 | ) | |||||||||||
Cash flows provided by financing activities |
28.9 | 31.1 | 2.1 | 14.5 | |||||||||||||||
Other Data: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Capital Expenditures |
$ | 26.8 | $ | 12.2 | $ | 1.4 | $ | 11.8 | |||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA(2) |
(2.6 | ) | 3.1 | (0.4 | ) | (0.6 | ) | ||||||||||||
Rig Hours(3) |
22,800 | 68,800 | 8,400 | 39,100 | |||||||||||||||
Rig Utilization(4) |
78 | % | 74 | % | 74 | % | 81 | % | |||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data (at end of period): |
|||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 1.1 | $ | 1.6 | $ | 2.0 | $ | ||||||||||||
Working capital (total current assets less total current liabilities) |
0.3 | 10.4 | (17.5 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total assets |
54.0 | 135.7 | 159.7 | ||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt(5) |
10.0 | 12.1 | 22.5 | ||||||||||||||||
Total net parent investment/stockholders' equity (including non-controlling interest) |
40.3 | 112.6 | 110.8 |
- (1)
- We have not historically been a tax-paying entity subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes, other than Texas franchise tax. The unaudited pro forma condensed financial statements have been prepared on the basis that we will be taxed as a corporation under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and as a result, will become a tax-paying entity.
58
- (2)
- Adjusted
EBITDA is not a financial measure determined in accordance with GAAP. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss before interest expense, net, income tax
provision (benefit), depreciation and amortization, equity-based compensation, acquisition-related and severance costs, impairment of goodwill and certain other items that we do not view as indicative
of our ongoing performance.
We believe Adjusted EBITDA is a useful performance measure because it allows for an effective evaluation of our operating performance when compared to our peers, without regard to our financing methods or capital structure. We exclude the items listed above from net loss in arriving at Adjusted EBITDA because these amounts can vary substantially within our industry depending upon accounting methods and book values of assets, capital structures and the method by which the assets were acquired. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net loss determined in accordance with GAAP. Certain items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing a company's financial performance, such as a company's cost of capital and tax structure, as well as the historic costs of depreciable assets, none of which are reflected in Adjusted EBITDA. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an indication that our results will be unaffected by the items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA. Our computations of Adjusted EBITDA may not be identical to other similarly titled measures of other companies. The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, our most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.
|
Predecessor | Pro Forma Ranger Energy Services, Inc. |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 |
||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, 2016 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
2015 | 2016 | 2016 | 2017 | |||||||||||||||
|
(in millions) |
(unaudited) |
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (6.7 | ) | $ | (5.0 | ) | $ | (1.4 | ) | $ | (6.2 | ) | $ | $ | |||||
Interest expense, net |
0.3 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||
Income tax provision (benefit) |
| | | | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2.1 | 6.6 | 0.9 | 3.6 | |||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation |
0.1 | 0.5 | | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||
Acquisition-related and severance costs |
| 0.5 | | 1.1 | |||||||||||||||
Impairment of goodwill |
1.6 | | | | |||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | (2.6 | ) | $ | 3.1 | $ | (0.4 | ) | $ | (0.6 | ) | $ | $ | ||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- (3)
- Represents
the approximate aggregate number of hours that our well service rigs actively worked during the periods presented.
- (4)
- Rig
utilization is calculated by dividing (i) the approximate aggregate operating well service rig hours for the periods presented by (ii) the
potential aggregate well service rig hours available assuming a 55-hour work week and a mid-month convention whereby a well service rig placed into service during a month, meaning that we have taken
delivery of such well service rig and equipped it for operations, is assumed to be operating for one half of such month. For additional information regarding rig utilization, please see "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsHow We Evaluate Our OperationsRig Utilization."
- (5)
- Includes both current and non-current portions of long-term debt and related party debt.
59
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the "Prospectus SummarySummary Historical Combined Consolidated and Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Financial and Operating Data," "Selected Historical Combined Consolidated and Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Financial and Operating Data" and the financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains "forward-looking statements" reflecting our current expectations, estimates and assumptions concerning events and financial trends that may affect our future operating results or financial position. Actual results and the timing of events may differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, market prices for oil and natural gas, capital expenditures, economic and competitive conditions, regulatory changes and other uncertainties, as well as those factors discussed below and elsewhere in this prospectus, particularly in "Risk Factors" and "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," all of which are difficult to predict. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed may not occur. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.
We are one of the largest independent providers of high-spec well service rigs and associated services in the United States, with a focus on technically demanding unconventional horizontal well completion and production operations. We believe that our fleet of 68 well service rigs is among the newest and most advanced in the industry and, based on our historical rig utilization and feedback from our customers, we believe that we are an operator of choice for U.S. onshore E&P companies that require completion and production services at increasing lateral lengths. Our high-spec well service rigs facilitate operations throughout the lifecycle of a well, including (i) well completion support, such as milling out composite plugs used during hydraulic fracturing; (ii) workover, including retrieval and replacement of existing production tubing; (iii) well maintenance, including replacement of downhole artificial lift components; and (iv) decommissioning, such as plugging and abandonment operations. We also provide rental equipment, including well control packages, hydraulic catwalks and other equipment that are often deployed with our well service rigs. In addition, we own and operate a fleet of proprietary, modular natural gas processing equipment that processes rich natural gas streams at the wellhead or central gathering points. We have operations in most of the active oil and natural gas basins in the United States, including the Permian Basin, the Denver-Julesburg Basin, the Bakken Shale and the Eagle Ford Shale.
Our Predecessor and Ranger Inc.
Ranger Inc. was formed on February 17, 2017, and has not and will not conduct any material business operations prior to the transactions described under "Corporate Reorganization," other than certain activities related to this offering. Our Predecessor consists of Ranger Services and Torrent Services on a combined consolidated basis. In connection with the transactions described under "Corporate Reorganization," the Existing Owners will contribute the equity interests in the Predecessor Companies to us in exchange for shares of our Class A common stock, Ranger Units and shares of our Class B common stock.
Ranger Services was, through Ranger Holdings, formed by CSL in June 2014 as a provider of high-spec well service rigs and associated services. Torrent Services was, through Torrent Holdings, acquired by CSL in September 2014 as a provider of proprietary, modular equipment for the processing of natural gas. In June 2016, CSL indirectly acquired substantially all of the assets of Magna, a provider of well services and wireline services, which it contributed to Ranger Services in September 2016. In October 2016, Ranger Services acquired substantially all of the assets of Bayou, an owner and operator
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of high-spec well service rigs. The historical combined consolidated financial information of our Predecessor included in this prospectus presents the historical financial information of the Predecessor Companies, including, as applicable, the results of operations of Magna and Bayou for periods subsequent to their respective acquisitions. The historical combined consolidated financial information of our Predecessor is not indicative of the results that may be expected in any future periods. For more information, please see the historical combined consolidated and unaudited pro forma condensed financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.
We conduct our operations through two segments: Well Services and Processing Solutions. Our Well Services segment has historically consisted of the results of operations of Ranger Services and, as applicable, Magna and Bayou from their respective acquisition dates, while our Processing Solutions segment has historically consisted of the results of operations of Torrent Services. Our Well Services segment provides high-spec well service rigs and complementary equipment and services in the United States, with a focus on technically demanding unconventional horizontal well completion, workover and maintenance operations. These services are fundamental to establishing and maintaining the flow of oil and natural gas throughout the productive life of a well. Our Processing Solutions segment engages in the rental, installation, commissioning, start-up, operation and maintenance of MRUs, NGL stabilizer units, NGL storage units and related equipment. We operate in most of the active oil and natural gas basins in the United States, including the Permian Basin, the Denver-Julesburg Basin, the Bakken Shale and the Eagle Ford Shale. For additional information about our assets and operations, please see "Business."
We operate our business within the oilfield services industry. Demand for oilfield services is primarily driven by the level of drilling, completion and production activity by E&P companies, which, in turn, depends largely on the current and anticipated profitability of developing oil and natural gas reserves. While overall demand for oilfield services in North America has declined from its highs in late 2014 as a result of the downturn in hydrocarbon prices and the corresponding decline in E&P activity, the industry has witnessed a recent increase in demand from its recent lows for these services as hydrocarbon prices have recovered. This demand should continue to increase if, as we expect, E&P companies continue to increase drilling and completion activities. If hydrocarbon prices remain near current levels or rise further, we expect to see further increased drilling and completion activity in the basins in which we operate. However, our cost of services has also historically risen during periods of increasing hydrocarbon prices. These cost increases result from a variety of factors beyond our control, such as increased demand for labor and services. Such costs may rise faster than increases in our revenue if commodity prices rise, thereby negatively impacting our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.
In addition to increased industry activity levels, we expect to benefit from recent increases in the complexity of well completion operations for a significant number of E&P companies, including many of our customers. These industry trends should directly benefit oilfield services companies like us that have the expertise and technological capability to execute increasingly complex well completions and to provide related services and equipment.
Further, we believe industry contraction and the resulting reduction in oilfield services capacity since late 2014 will benefit us as industry demand increases. Many of our competitors have experienced financial stress, which has led to significant maintenance deferrals and the use of idle equipment for spare parts, significantly increasing the time and cost required for redeployment. In contrast, our recent and planned asset acquisitions and upgrades have positioned us well to benefit from improving market dynamics. Further, during the recent downturn many oilfield service companies significantly reduced their employee headcounts, which will constrain their ability to capitalize on rebounding industry demand, whereas we substantially increased our workforce over the same period.
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In addition, we believe that our Processing Solutions segment will benefit from increased drilling and completion activity in unconventional resource plays. The proprietary, modular equipment that we provide in the Processing Solutions segment generally facilitates, among other things, the processing of rich natural gas streams at the wellhead or central gathering points in basins where drilling and completion activity has outpaced the development of permanent processing infrastructure. E&P companies have increasingly focused on exploiting unconventional resource plays in the onshore United States, many of which had no significant oil or natural gas production until unconventional horizontal drilling and completion technologies were developed over the course of the last decade. We believe that continued development of these unconventional resource plays will increase demand for the assets and services provided by our modular Processing Solutions segment.
For additional information about industry trends and outlook, please see "Industry."
We currently generate revenues through the provision of a variety of oilfield services. These services are performed under a variety of contract structures, including a long term take-or-pay contract and various master service agreements, as supplemented by statements of work, pricing agreements and specific quotes. A portion of our master services agreements include provisions that establish pricing arrangements for a period of up to one year in length. However, the majority of those agreements provide for pricing adjustments based on market conditions. The majority of our services are priced based on prevailing market conditions and changing input costs at the time the services are provided, giving consideration to the specific requirements of the customer.
We recognize revenue in our Well Services segment when services are performed, collection of the relevant receivables is probable, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists and the price is fixed or determinable. We price well servicing by the hour or by the day when services are performed. Well servicing is sold without warranty or right of return.
We recognize revenue in our Processing Solutions segment when services are performed, collection of the relevant receivables is probable, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists and the price is fixed or determinable. Revenues from equipment leasing, operations and maintenance services are recognized as earned. These services are sold without warranty or right of return.
Costs of Conducting Our Business
The principal expenses involved in conducting our business are personnel, repairs and maintenance costs, general and administrative, depreciation and amortization and interest expense. We manage the level of our expenses, except depreciation and amortization and interest expense, based on several factors, including industry conditions and expected demand for our services. In addition, a significant portion of the costs we incur in our business is variable based on the quantities of specific services provided and the requirements of such services.
Direct cost of services and general and administrative include the following major cost categories: personnel costs and equipment costs (including repair and maintenance).
Personnel costs associated with our operational employees represent a significant cost of our business. We incurred personnel costs of $29.6 million and $10.0 million for 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $12.9 million and $2.7 million for the first quarters of 2017 and 2016, respectively. A substantial portion of our labor costs is attributable to our crews and is partly variable based on the requirements of specific customers and operations. A key component of personnel costs relates to the ongoing training of our employees, which improves safety rates and reduces attrition. We also incur costs to employ personnel to support our services and perform maintenance on our assets. Costs for these employees are not directly tied to our level of business activity.
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We incur significant equipment costs in connection with the operation of our business, including repair and maintenance costs. We incurred aggregate equipment repair and maintenance costs of $5.5 million and $1.5 million for 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $3.1 million and $0.4 million for the first quarters of 2017 and 2016, respectively.
How We Evaluate Our Operations
Our management intends to use a variety of metrics to analyze our operating results and profitability. These metrics include, among others, the following:
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- Revenues;
-
- Operating Income (Loss); and
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- Adjusted EBITDA.
In addition, within our Well Services segment, our management intends to use additional metrics to analyze our activity levels and profitability. These metrics include, among others, the following:
-
- Rig Hours; and
-
- Rig Utilization.
Revenues
We analyze our revenues by comparing actual revenues to our internal projections for a given period and to prior periods to assess our performance. We believe that revenues are a meaningful indicator of the demand and pricing for our services.
Operating Income (Loss)
We analyze our operating income (loss), which we define as revenues less cost of services, general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, impairment and other operating expenses, to measure our financial performance. We believe operating income (loss) is a meaningful metric because it provides insight on profitability and true operating performance based on the historical cost basis of our assets. We also compare operating income (loss) to our internal projections for a given period and to prior periods.
Adjusted EBITDA
We view Adjusted EBITDA, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, as an important indicator of performance. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss before interest expense, net, income tax provision (benefit), depreciation and amortization, equity-based compensation, acquisition-related and severance costs, impairment of goodwill and other non-cash and certain other items that we do not view as indicative of our ongoing performance. See "Prospectus SummarySummary Historical Combined Consolidated and Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Financial and Operating Data" and "Results of OperationsNote Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measure" for more information and reconciliations of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.
Rig Hours
Within our Well Services segment, we analyze rig hours as an important indicator of our activity levels and profitability. Rig hours represent the aggregate number of hours that our well service rigs actively worked during the periods presented. We typically bill customers for our well services on an
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hourly basis during the period that a well service rig is actively working, making rig hours a useful metric for evaluating our profitability.
Rig Utilization
Within our Well Services segment, we analyze rig utilization as a further important indicator of our activity levels and profitability. Rig utilization is calculated by dividing (a) the approximate, aggregate operating well service rig hours for the periods presented by (b) the potential aggregate well service rig hours available assuming a 55-hour work week and a mid-month convention whereby a well service rig placed into service during a month, meaning that we have taken delivery of such well service rig and equipped it for operations, is assumed to be operating for one half of such month. We believe that rig utilization is a meaningful indicator of the operational efficiency of our core revenue-producing assets, market demand for our well services and our ability to profitably capitalize on such demand.
We base our rig utilization calculation on a 55-hour work week per well service rig because we believe it to be consistent with industry standards for our competitors, our typical well service rig contract structure, the operating history of our well service rigs and current and expected market dynamics. However, due to customer demand, potential changes in industry practices, maintenance requirements and other factors, our well service rigs may be operated for more than 55 hours during any given week, though we would expect that over a longer period, the average number of hours our well service rigs would be in operation would not exceed 55 hours per week. If our rig utilization were calculated based on a greater number of rig hours per week, our rig utilization would decrease.
The primary factors that have historically impacted, and will likely continue to impact, our actual aggregate well service rig hours for any specified period are (i) customer demand, which, as discussed further under "Industry," is influenced by factors such as commodity prices, the complexity of well completion operations and technological advances in our industry, and (ii) our ability to meet such demand, which is influenced by changes in our fleet size and resulting rig availability, as well as weather, employee availability and related factors. The primary factors that have historically impacted, and will likely continue to impact, our potential aggregate well service rig hours for any specified period are the extent and timing of changes in the size of our well service rig fleet to meet short-term and expected long-term demand, and our ability to successfully maintain a fleet capable of ensuring sufficient, but not excess, rig availability to meet such demand.
For 2015 and 2016, our rig utilization was approximately 78% and 74%, respectively. Actual aggregate operating well service rig hours increased from approximately 22,800 in 2015 to approximately 68,800 in 2016, primarily as a result of our acquisitions of Magna and Bayou, and their associated well service rigs, during 2016. The related decrease in rig utilization resulted from an increase in the average number of well service rigs in our active fleet from ten during 2015 to 32 during 2016, and a corresponding increase in our potential aggregate well service rig hours. Although the size of our well service rig fleet substantially increased during 2016, our rig utilization was slightly lower than in 2015 due to idle well service rigs acquired in the Magna and Bayou acquisitions as well as mobilization and associated downtime of four existing well service rigs during the year. For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2017, our rig utilization was approximately 74% and 81%, respectively. Actual aggregate operating well service rig hours increased from approximately 8,400 in the three months ended March 31, 2016 to approximately 39,100 in the three months ended March 31, 2017. This increase in rig hours resulted from the average number of our well service rigs in our active fleet increasing from 16 to 67 during such periods, primarily as a result of our acquisitions of Magna and Bayou, and their associated well service rigs, during 2016. The related increase in rig utilization resulted from increased demand in our well service rig business due to WTI crude oil prices increasing from their lows of $26.21 per BBl in the three months ended March 31, 2016 to $50.54 per BBl at the end of March 2017.
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Factors Impacting the Comparability of Results of Operations
Magna and Bayou Acquisitions
Our Predecessor's historical combined consolidated financial statements for 2015 and 2016 and the first quarters of 2016 and 2017 include the results of operations for the Predecessor Companies, with the results of operations for Magna and Bayou only included from their respective acquisition dates during 2016. As a result, our Predecessor's historical financial data do not give you an accurate indication of what our actual results would have been if such acquisitions had been completed at the beginning of the periods presented or of what our future results of operations are likely to be. For additional information, please see the unaudited pro forma condensed financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Public Company Costs
We expect to incur incremental, non-recurring costs related to our transition to a publicly traded and taxable corporation, including the costs of this initial public offering and the costs associated with the initial implementation of our Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 internal control implementation and testing. We also expect to incur additional significant and recurring expenses as a publicly traded corporation, including costs associated with the employment of additional personnel, compliance under the Exchange Act, annual and quarterly reports to common shareholders, registrar and transfer agent fees, national stock exchange fees, audit fees, incremental director and officer liability insurance costs and director and officer compensation.
Corporate Reorganization
We were incorporated to serve as the issuer in this offering and have no previous operations, assets or liabilities. Ranger Services and Torrent Services will be contributed to us in connection with this offering in connection with the transactions described under "Corporate Reorganization" and will thereby become our subsidiaries. As we integrate our operations and further implement controls, processes and infrastructure, it is likely that we will incur incremental selling, general and administrative expenses relative to historical periods.
In addition, we will enter into a Tax Receivable Agreement with the TRA Holders. This agreement generally will provide for the payment by us to a TRA Holder of 85% of the net cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax or franchise tax that we actually realize (or are deemed to realize in certain circumstances) in periods after this offering as a result of (i) any tax basis increases resulting from the contribution in connection with this offering by such TRA Holder of all or a portion of its Ranger Units to Ranger Inc. in exchange for shares of Class A common stock, (ii) the tax basis increases resulting from the redemption by such TRA Holder of Ranger Units for shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the Redemption Right or our Call Right and (iii) imputed interest deemed to be paid by us as a result of, and additional tax basis arising from, any payments we make under the Tax Receivable Agreement. We will retain the benefit of the remaining 15% of these cash savings. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsTax Receivable Agreement."
Income Taxes
Ranger Inc. is a Subchapter C corporation under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), and, as a result, will be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes. Although the Predecessor Companies are subject to franchise tax in the State of Texas (at less than 1% of modified pre-tax earnings), they have historically passed through their taxable income to their owners for U.S. federal and other state and local income tax purposes and thus were not subject to U.S. federal income taxes or other state or local income taxes. Accordingly, the financial data attributable to our Predecessor contains no provision for U.S. federal income taxes or income taxes in any state or
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locality other than franchise tax in the State of Texas. We estimate that Ranger Inc. will be subject to U.S. federal, state and local taxes at a blended statutory rate of % of pre-tax earnings and would have incurred pro forma income tax expense for 2016 and the three months ended March 31, 2017 of approximately $ million and $ million, respectively.
We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled pursuant to the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 740, Income Taxes. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts more likely than not to be realized.
Internal Controls and Procedures
We and our independent auditors identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness related to the lack of sufficient qualified accounting personnel, which led to the incorrect application of generally accepted accounting principles, ineffective controls over accounting for non-routine and/or complex transactions, and ineffective controls over the financial statement close and reporting processes.
We are actively seeking to recruit additional finance and accounting personnel, are evaluating our personnel in all key finance and accounting positions and intend to employ additional finance and accounting personnel prior to the completion of this offering. We can give no assurance that these actions will remediate this deficiency in internal control or that additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future. Our failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in errors in our financial statements that could result in a restatement of our financial statements and cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations.
We are not currently required to comply with the SEC's rules implementing Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley, and are therefore not required in connection with this offering to make a formal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for that purpose. Upon becoming a public company, we will be required to comply with the SEC's rules implementing Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley, which will require our management to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports. We will be required to provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting beginning with our annual report for the year ended December 31, 2018. We will not be required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 until our first annual report subsequent to our ceasing to be an "emerging growth company" within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act.
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Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
The following table sets forth our Predecessor's selected operating data for the three months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016.
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Three months Ended March 31, |
Change | |||||||||||
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2016 | 2017 | $ | % | |||||||||
Revenues: |
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Well Services |
$ | 3.6 | $ | 27.3 | $ | 23.7 | 658 | % | |||||
Processing Solutions |
1.2 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 50 | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues |
4.8 | 29.1 | 24.3 | 506 | |||||||||
Operating expenses: |
|||||||||||||
Cost of services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately): |
|||||||||||||
Well Services |
2.9 | 23.2 | 20.3 | 700 | |||||||||
Processing Solutions |
0.6 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 17 | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total cost of services |
3.5 | 23.9 | 20.4 | 583 | |||||||||
General and administrative |
1.7 | 7.3 | 5.6 | 329 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
0.9 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 300 | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses |
6.1 | 34.8 | 28.7 | 470 | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating loss |
(1.3 | ) | (5.7 | ) | (4.4 | ) | 338 | ||||||
Other expenses |
|||||||||||||
Interest expense, net |
(0.1 | ) | (0.5 | ) | (0.4 | ) | 400 | ||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss |
$ | (1.4 | ) | $ | (6.2 | ) | $ | (4.8 | ) | 343 | % | ||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues. Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased $24.3 million, or 506%, to $29.1 million from $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in revenues by segment was as follows:
Well Services. Well Services revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased $23.7 million, or 658%, to $27.3 million from $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Magna and Bayou represented $21.7 million of the increase. The remaining $2.0 million increase was attributable to "legacy Ranger" (as referred to herein to mean Ranger Services on a historical basis, exclusive of the impact of Magna and Bayou), primarily due to increased demand in our workover rig services, which accounted for $1.5 million, or 75% of the remaining segment increase. The $1.5 million increase in workover rig services included a $1.0 million increase due to an approximate 33% increase in total rig hours for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, and an increase of $0.5 million due to an approximate 12% increase in the average rig rates for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Processing Solutions. Processing Solutions revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased $0.6 million, or 50%, to $1.8 million from $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase was primarily attributable to a $0.5 million increase in MRU revenue due to a 35% increase in the number of MRUs we owned and a 19% increase in MRU utilization for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016.
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Cost of services (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately). Cost of services for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased $20.4 million, or 583%, to $23.9 million from $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. As a percentage of revenue, cost of services was 73% and 82% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2017, respectively. The increase in cost of services by segment was as follows:
Well Services. Well Services cost of services for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased $20.3 million, or 700%, to $23.2 million from $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in services provided by legacy Ranger, combined with the acquisitions of Magna and Bayou during 2016. More specifically, employee costs increased $10.6 million, or 52% of the segment increase while travel, repair and maintenance and supply costs increased by $9.3 million, or 46% of the segment increase.
Processing Solutions. Processing Solutions cost of services for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased $0.1 million, or 17%, to $0.7 million from $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase was primarily attributable to increases in consumable chemicals and installation expense of $0.1 million due to increased utilization percentages and unit increases in MRUs.
General & Administrative. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased $5.6 million, or 329%, to $7.3 million from $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in general and administrative expenses by segment was as follows:
Well Services. Well Services general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased $5.9 million, or 843%, to $6.6 million from $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in services provided by legacy Ranger, combined with the acquisitions of Magna and Bayou during 2016. More specifically, payroll costs increased $2.4 million, professional fees increased $2.2 million, travel and office costs increased $0.8 million and equity-based compensation expense increased $0.3 million.
Processing Solutions. Processing Solutions general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 decreased $0.3 million, or 30%, to $0.7 million from $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $0.2 million decrease in bad debt expense and a $0.1 million decrease in payroll and professional fees.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased $2.7 million, or 300%, to $3.6 million from $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense by segment was as follows:
Well Services. Well Services depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased $2.7 million, or 450%, to $3.3 million from $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase was primarily attributable to fixed assets that were put in place during 2016 and the three months ended March 31, 2017, due to the acquisition of Magna and Bayou and additional fixed asset purchases by legacy Ranger.
Processing Solutions. Processing Solutions depreciation and amortization expense was $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
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Interest Expense, net. Interest expense, net for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased $0.4 million, or 400%, to $0.5 million from $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase to interest expense, net by segment was as follows:
Well Services. Well Services interest expense, net for the three months ended March 31, 2017 increased $0.4 million, or 400%, to $0.5 million from $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase to interest expense, net was attributable to an increase in average borrowing during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Processing Solutions. Processing Solutions interest expense, net was $0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to $0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Note Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measure
Adjusted EBITDA is not a financial measure determined in accordance with GAAP. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss before interest expense, net, income tax provision (benefit), depreciation and amortization, equity-based compensation, acquisition-related and severance costs, impairment of goodwill and certain other items that we do not view as indicative of our ongoing performance.
We believe Adjusted EBITDA is a useful performance measure because it allows for an effective evaluation of our operating performance when compared to our peers, without regard to our financing methods or capital structure. We exclude the items listed above from net loss in arriving at Adjusted EBITDA because these amounts can vary substantially within our industry depending upon accounting methods and book values of assets, capital structures and the method by which the assets were acquired. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net loss determined in accordance with GAAP. Certain items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing a company's financial performance, such as a company's cost of capital and tax structure, as well as the historic costs of depreciable assets, none of which are reflected in Adjusted EBITDA. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an indication that our results will be unaffected by the items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA. Our computations of Adjusted EBITDA may not be identical to other similarly titled measures of other companies. The following table presents reconciliations of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, our most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.
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Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 |
Change $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
Well Services |
Processing Solutions |
Total | Well Services |
Processing Solutions |
Total | Well Services |
Processing Solutions |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (0.7 | ) | $ | (0.7 | ) | $ | (1.4 | ) | $ | (6.3 | ) | $ | 0.1 | $ | (6.2 | ) | $ | (5.6 | ) | $ | 0.8 | $ | (4.8 | ) | |||
Interest expense, net |
0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.4 | | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
Income tax provision (benefit) |
| | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
0.6 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 3.3 | 0.3 | 3.6 | 2.7 | | 2.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition-related and severance costs |
| | | 1.1 | | 1.1 | 1.1 | | 1.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation |
| | | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | | $ | (0.4 | ) | $ | (0.4 | ) | $ | (1.1 | ) | $ | 0.5 | $ | (0.6 | ) | $ | (1.1 | ) | $ | 0.9 | $ | (0.2 | ) |
Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2017 decreased $0.6 million to $(1.0) million from $(0.4) million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The decrease by segment was as follows:
Well Services. Well Services Adjusted EBITDA decreased $1.1 million to $(1.1) million from $0 million due primarily to an increase in depreciation and amortization of $2.7 million, increase
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in interest expense, net of $0.4 million, increase in acquisition-related and severance costs of $1.1 million and an increase in net loss of $5.6 million.
Processing Solutions. Processing Solutions Adjusted EBITDA increased $0.9 million to $0.5 million from $(0.4) million due primarily to a decrease in net loss of $0.8 million and an increase in equity-based compensation of $0.1 million.
Year Ended December 31, 2015 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2016
The following table sets forth our Predecessor's selected operating data for 2016 as compared to 2015.
|
Year Ended December 31, |
Change | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2015 | 2016 | $ | % | |||||||||
|
(in millions) |
||||||||||||
Revenues: |
|||||||||||||
Well Services |
$ | 9.7 | $ | 46.3 | $ | 36.6 | 377 | % | |||||
Processing Solutions |
11.5 | 6.5 | (5.0 | ) | (43 | ) | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues |
21.2 | 52.8 | 31.6 | 149 | |||||||||
Operating expenses: |
|||||||||||||
Cost of services (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately): |
|||||||||||||
Well Services |
8.2 | 36.7 | 28.5 | 348 | |||||||||
Processing Solutions |
7.9 | 2.6 | (5.3 | ) | (67 | ) | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total cost of services |
16.1 | 39.3 | 23.2 | 144 | |||||||||
General and administrative |
7.8 | 11.4 | 3.6 | 46 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
2.1 | 6.6 | 4.5 | 214 | |||||||||
Impairment of goodwill |
1.6 | | (1.6 | ) | (100 | ) | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses |
27.6 | 57.3 | 29.7 | 108 | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating loss |
(6.4 | ) | (4.5 | ) | 1.9 | (30 | ) | ||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other expenses: |
|||||||||||||
Interest expense, net |
(0.3 | ) | (0.5 | ) | (0.2 | ) | 67 | ||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss |
$ | (6.7 | ) | $ | (5.0 | ) | $ | 1.7 | (25 | )% | |||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues. Revenues for 2016 increased $31.6 million, or 149%, to $52.8 million from $21.2 million for 2015. The increase in revenues by segment was as follows:
Well Services. Well Services revenues for 2016 increased $36.6 million, or 377%, to $46.3 million from $9.7 million for 2015. Magna and Bayou represented $30.6 million of the increase. The remaining $6.0 million increase was attributable to legacy Ranger, primarily due to increased demand in our workover rig services, which accounted for $4.4 million, or 73% of the remaining segment increase. The $4.4 million increase in workover rig services included a $5.5 million increase due to a 62% increase in total rig hours for 2016 compared to 2015, offset by a reduction of $1.1 million due to an 8% decrease in the average rig rates for 2016 compared to 2015.
Processing Solutions. Processing Solutions revenues for 2016 decreased $5.0 million, or 43%, to $6.5 million from $11.5 million for 2015. The decrease was primarily attributable to a strategic shift by the business to significantly decrease the amount of mobilization and demobilization
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services and a decrease in the compressor rental services as a result of basin revenue mix changes. The mobilization and demobilization and compressor rental services accounted for $0.7 million and $5.6 million for 2016 and 2015, respectively, or 97% of the change in revenue from 2015 to 2016. The strategic shift was in large part due to a change in business focus from the Bakken Basin to the Permian Basin where customers typically rent compressors directly from compressor rental houses.
Cost of services (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately). Cost of services for 2016 increased $23.2 million, or 144%, to $39.3 million from $16.1 million for 2015. As a percentage of revenue, cost of services was 74% and 76% for 2016 and 2015, respectively. The increase in cost of services by segment was as follows:
Well Services. Well Services cost of services for 2016 increased $28.5 million, or 348%, to $36.7 million from $8.2 million for 2015. Magna and Bayou represented $24.1 million of the increase. The remaining $4.4 million increase was attributable to legacy Ranger primarily due to an increase in employee costs of $3.1 million, or 70% of the remaining segment increase, and an increase in travel and repair and maintenance costs of $1.1 million, or 25% of the remaining segment increase.
Processing Solutions. Processing Solutions cost of services for 2016 decreased $5.3 million, or 67%, to $2.6 million from $7.9 million for 2015. The decrease was primarily attributable to $4.0 million related to the strategic shift discussed above and $1.0 million for 2015 costs incurred for a customer that lost its leasehold rights in certain land in the Bakken Shale.
General & Administrative. General and administrative expenses for 2016 increased $3.6 million, or 46%, to $11.4 million from $7.8 million for 2015. The increase in general and administrative expenses by segment was as follows:
Well Services. Well Services general and administrative expenses for 2016 increased $4.4 million, or 122%, to $8.0 million from $3.6 million for 2015. Magna and Bayou represented $4.0 million of the increase. The remaining $0.4 million increase was attributable to legacy Ranger primarily due to an increase in payroll and professional fees of $0.4 million, a $0.4 million increase in travel, office and insurance costs, offset by a $0.4 million decrease in bad debt expense.
Processing Solutions. Processing Solutions general and administrative expenses for 2016 decreased $0.8 million, or 19%, to $3.4 million from $4.2 million for 2015. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $0.6 million decrease in travel and office related expenses, a $0.4 million decrease in payroll and professional fees, offset by a $0.3 million increase in bad debt expense in 2016.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization for 2016 increased $4.5 million, or 214%, to $6.6 million from $2.1 million for 2015. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense by segment was as follows:
Well Services. Well Services depreciation and amortization expense for 2016 increased $4.2 million, or 300%, to $5.6 million from $1.4 million for 2015. Magna and Bayou represented $3.1 million of the increase. The remaining $1.1 million increase was attributable to legacy Ranger primarily due to fixed assets that were placed in service during 2015, thus having a full year of depreciation for 2016.
Processing Solutions. Processing Solutions depreciation and amortization expense for 2016 increased $0.3 million, or 43%, to $1.0 million from $0.7 million for 2015. The increase related to fixed assets that were placed in service during 2015, thus having a full year of depreciation for 2016.
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Impairment of Goodwill. Impairment for 2016 decreased $1.6 million, or 100%, to zero from $1.6 million for 2015 due to no goodwill impairment recorded in 2016 for our Processing Solutions segment.
Interest Expense, net. Interest expense, net for 2016 increased $0.2 million, or 67%, to $0.5 million from $0.3 million for 2015. The increase to interest expense, net by segment was as follows:
Well Services. Well Services interest expense, net for 2016 increased $0.3 million, or 300%, to $0.4 million from $0.1 million for 2015. The increase to interest expense, net was attributable to an increase in average borrowing during 2016.
Processing Solutions. Processing Solutions interest expense, net for 2016 decreased $0.1 million, or 50%, to $0.1 million from $0.2 million for 2015. The decrease to interest expense, net was attributable to a decrease in average borrowing during 2016.
Note Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measure
Adjusted EBITDA is not a financial measure determined in accordance with GAAP. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss before interest expense, net, income tax provision (benefit), depreciation and amortization, equity-based compensation, acquisition-related and severance costs, impairment of goodwill and certain other items that we do not view as indicative of our ongoing performance.
We believe Adjusted EBITDA is a useful performance measure because it allows for an effective evaluation of our operating performance when compared to our peers, without regard to our financing methods or capital structure. We exclude the items listed above from net loss in arriving at Adjusted EBITDA because these amounts can vary substantially within our industry depending upon accounting methods and book values of assets, capital structures and the method by which the assets were acquired. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net loss determined in accordance with GAAP. Certain items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing a company's financial performance, such as a company's cost of capital and tax structure, as well as the historic costs of depreciable assets, none of which are reflected in Adjusted EBITDA. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an indication that our results will be unaffected by the items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA. Our computations of Adjusted EBITDA may not be identical to other similarly titled measures of other companies. The following table presents reconciliations of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, our most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.
|
2015 | 2016 | Change $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Well Services |
Processing Solutions |
Total | Well Services |
Processing Solutions |
Total | Well Services |
Processing Solutions |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (3.6 | ) | $ | (3.1 | ) | $ | (6.7 | ) | $ | (4.4 | ) | $ | (0.6 | ) | $ | (5.0 | ) | $ | (0.8 | ) | $ | 2.5 | $ | 1.7 | |||
Interest expense, net |
0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | (0.1 | ) | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Income tax provision (benefit) |
| | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
1.4 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 5.6 | 1.0 | 6.6 | 4.2 | 0.3 | 4.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
Equity-based compensation |
| 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.4 | | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition-related and severance costs |
| | | 0.5 | | 0.5 | 0.5 | | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
Impairment of goodwill |
1.6 | 1.6 | | | | | (1.6 | ) | (1.6 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | (2.1 | ) | $ | (0.5 | ) | $ | (2.6 | ) | $ | 2.5 | $ | 0.6 | $ | 3.1 | $ | 4.6 | $ | 1.1 | $ | 5.7 |
Adjusted EBITDA for 2016 increased $5.7 million to $3.1 million from $(2.6) million. The increase by segment was as follows:
Well Services. Well Services Adjusted EBITDA increased $4.6 million to $2.5 million from $(2.1) million due primarily to an increase in depreciation and amortization of $4.2 million and an increase in net loss of $0.8 million.
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Processing Solutions. Processing Solutions Adjusted EBITDA increased $1.1 million to $0.6 million from $(0.5) million due primarily to a decrease in net loss of $2.5 million and a decrease in impairment on goodwill of $1.6 million.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
We require capital to fund ongoing operations, including maintenance expenditures on our existing fleet and equipment, organic growth initiatives, investments and acquisitions. Our primary sources of liquidity have been capital contributions from our owners and commercial borrowings. Following this offering, we expect our primary sources of liquidity to be cash generated from operations, proceeds from this offering and borrowings under our Credit Facility. We strive to maintain financial flexibility and proactively monitor potential capital sources to meet our investment and target liquidity requirements and to permit us to manage the cyclicality associated with our business.
As described in "Use of Proceeds," we intend to contribute all of the net proceeds we receive from this offering to Ranger LLC in exchange for Ranger Units. Ranger LLC will use approximately $29.1 million of the net proceeds to fully repay amounts outstanding under the Ranger Line of Credit, Ranger Note and the Ranger Bridge Loan (including the make-whole premium thereon), and approximately $38.6 million of the net proceeds to acquire high-spec well service rigs, including pursuant to the NOV Purchase Agreement. Ranger LLC will use the remaining net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including funding potential future acquisitions and other capital expenditures. Please see "Use of Proceeds." We believe that, following completion of this offering, our cash on hand, operating cash flow and available borrowings under our Credit Facility will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months.
As of March 31, 2017, we had an aggregate of $2.0 million in cash and cash equivalents and $1.6 million in restricted cash.
Capital Expenditures
As a result of poor market conditions and depressed oil and gas prices in the second half of 2015 and the first half of 2016, we reduced our capital expenditures in 2016 compared to 2015. During 2015, our capital expenditures, excluding acquisitions, were approximately $18.1 million and $8.7 million in our Well Services and Processing Solutions segments, respectively. During 2016, our capital expenditures, excluding acquisitions, were approximately $10.0 million and $2.2 million in our Well Services and Processing Solutions segments, respectively.
We currently estimate that our capital expenditures for 2017, excluding acquisitions, will be approximately $ million and $ million in our Well Services and Processing Solutions segments, respectively. We continuously evaluate our capital expenditures and the amount we ultimately spend will depend on a number of factors, including expected industry activity levels and company initiatives.
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Cash Flows
The following table sets forth our cash flows for the periods indicated:
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Change | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2016 | 2017 | $ | % | |||||||||
Cash flows used in operating activities |
$ | (0.3 | ) | (6.8 | ) | (6.5 | ) | 2,167 | % | ||||
Cash flows used in investing activities |
(1.4 | ) | (7.3 | ) | (5.9 | ) | 421 | ||||||
Cash flows provided by financing activities |
2.1 | 14.5 | 12.4 | 590 | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net change in cash |
$ | 0.4 | 0.4 | | | % | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities increased $6.5 million to $6.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The change in cash flows used in operating activities is attributable to an increase in depreciation and amortization of $2.7 million, an increase in equity-based compensation of $0.4 million, an increase in bad debt expense of $0.1 million, offset by an increase in net loss of $4.8 million and a decrease associated with changes in working capital of $4.9 million due to a significant increase in accounts receivable.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities increased $5.9 million to $7.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The change in cash flows used in investing activities is attributable to an increase of $5.9 million for purchases of property, plant and equipment.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities increased $12.4 million to $14.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The change in cash flows provided by financing activities is attributable to an increase in contributions from CSL of $2.4 million, an increase in principal payments on capital lease obligations of $0.1 million, an increase of $11.2 million in borrowing on related party debt, offset by a decrease of $1.0 million in borrowings on long-term debt, a decrease of $0.1 million in borrowings under line of credit agreements and a decrease of $0.2 million in restricted cash.
The following table sets forth our cash flows for the years indicated:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
Change | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2015 | 2016 | $ | % | |||||||||
|
(in millions) |
||||||||||||
Cash flows used in operating activities |
$ | (5.2 | ) | $ | (5.2 | ) | $ | | | % | |||
Cash flows used in investing activities |
(25.5 | ) | (25.4 | ) | 0.1 | (0.4 | ) | ||||||
Cash flows provided by financing activities |
28.9 | 31.1 | 2.2 | 7.6 | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net change in cash |
$ | (1.8 | ) | $ | 0.5 | $ | 2.3 | (128 | )% | ||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $5.2 million for 2016 compared to $5.2 million for 2015. Net operating cash flows stayed consistent due to an increase in depreciation and amortization of $4.5 million, an increase in equity-based compensation of $0.4 million and a reduction in net loss of $1.7 million, offset by a decrease in impairment of goodwill of $1.6 million, a decrease in bad debt expense of $0.1 million, a decrease in the loss on sale of property, plant and equipment of $0.1 million and a decrease associated with changes in working capital of $4.8 million.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities decreased $0.1 million to $25.4 million for 2016 compared to $25.5 million for 2015. The change in investing cash flows is attributable to $16.3 million used in the purchase of businesses in 2016, offset by an increase of $14.8 million for purchases of property, plant and equipment and an increase of $1.6 million from the sale of property, plant and equipment.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities increased $2.2 million to $31.1 million for 2016, compared to $28.9 million for 2015. The change in cash flows provided by financing activities is attributable to an increase in contributions from CSL of $14.5 million, offset by a decrease of $5.5 million in borrowings of long-term debt, a decrease of payments on third party borrowings of $2.6 million, a $1.0 million decrease in restricted cash, a decrease of principal payments on capital lease obligations of $0.2 million and a decrease of distributions to parent of $3.0 million.
Working Capital
Our working capital, which we define as total current assets less total current liabilities, totaled $0.3 million and $10.4 million at December 31, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Our working capital totaled a deficit of $17.5 million of March 31, 2017.
Our Debt Agreements
Ranger Services has a $5.0 million revolving line of credit with Iberia Bank expiring April 30, 2018 (the "Ranger Line of Credit"). As of March 31, 2017, there was $5.0 million borrowed against the Ranger Line of Credit. The Ranger Line of Credit is collateralized by substantially all of Ranger Services' assets. Interest varies with the bank's prime rate and the bank's LIBOR. At March 31, 2017, the interest rate was 4.28%. The Ranger Line of Credit requires Ranger Services to comply with certain financial and non-financial covenants as set forth in the agreement and places limits on new debt and capital expenditures.
In March 2015, Torrent Services, through certain members of its management team, secured a $0.6 million promissory note with Benchmark Bank, which was replaced in April 2016 with a $0.2 million promissory note (the "Prior Torrent Note"). The Prior Torrent Note was repaid in full on February 28, 2017. The Prior Torrent Note also required Torrent Services to comply with certain financial and non-financial covenants.
In February 2015 (as amended in March 2016), Torrent Services secured a $2.0 million senior credit facility with Texas Capital Bank consisting of a $2.0 million Advancing Term Loan (as defined in the note agreement) (the "Existing Torrent Note"). As of March 31, 2017, there was $0.5 million outstanding under the Existing Torrent Note. The Existing Torrent Note is secured by substantially all of Torrent Services' assets. Interest varies with the bank's prime rate and the bank's LIBOR and is payable quarterly through the maturity of the Existing Torrent Note. The Existing Torrent Note also
75
requires Torrent Services to comply with certain financial and non-financial covenants. We intend to repay the Existing Torrent Note in full prior to the commencement of this offering.
In April 2015, Ranger Services secured a $7.0 million loan from Iberia Bank, which is evidenced by a promissory note (the "Ranger Note"). Interest varies with the bank's prime rate and the bank's LIBOR and is payable in 60 equal monthly installments, which commenced on May 1, 2016. As of March 31, 2017, the interest rate was 4.28%. Installment payments are due through May 1, 2019, and the note is secured by substantially all of Ranger Services' assets. As of March 31, 2017, the outstanding balance was $5.8 million. The Ranger Note also requires Ranger Services to comply with certain financial and non-financial covenants.
In February 2017, Ranger Services entered into loan agreements (collectively, the "Ranger Bridge Loan") with each of CSL Energy Opportunities Fund II, L.P. ("CSL Opportunities II"), CSL Energy Holdings II, LLC ("CSL Holdings II") and Bayou Well Holdings Company, LLC ("Bayou Holdings" and, together with CSL Opportunities II and CSL Holdings II, the "Bridge Loan Lenders"), each an indirect equity owner of Ranger Services, evidenced by promissory notes payable to each Bridge Loan Lender, in an aggregate principal amount of $11.1 million. In April 2017, additional borrowings from CSL Opportunities II and CSL Holdings II increased the aggregate principal amount of the Ranger Bridge Loan to $12.1 million and in May 2017 to $14.6 million. The Ranger Bridge Loan is secured by substantially all of Ranger Services' assets. Each note bears interest at a rate of 15% and matures upon the earlier of February 21, 2018 or ten days after the consummation of an initial public offering. The Ranger Bridge Loan includes a make-whole provision pursuant to which Ranger Services will pay 125% of the total amount advanced to Ranger Services upon settlement. The Ranger Bridge Loan also requires Ranger Services to comply with certain non-financial covenants.
As of March 31, 2017, Ranger Services' leverage ratio exceeded the threshold of 1.75 to 1.00 under the Ranger Line of Credit and Ranger Note and Ranger Services did not generate the required minimum net income of zero or greater. Ranger Services was in compliance with all other covenants at that time. On May 17, 2017, Ranger Services obtained a waiver of such non-compliance with respect to the first quarter of 2017 from the lender under the Ranger Line of Credit and Ranger Note. There can be no assurance we will be able to obtain future waivers from the lender under the Ranger Line of Credit and Ranger Note. We have classified the outstanding debt under the Ranger Line of Credit and Ranger Note as current because Ranger Services does not anticipate being in compliance with all covenants and ratios required under the Ranger Line of Credit and Ranger Note in the next twelve months. We have obtained additional commitments from CSL for additional capital through at least March 31, 2018. We plan to repay and retire the Ranger Line of Credit and Ranger Note from the proceeds of this offering.
In connection with the consummation of this offering, we intend to fully repay and terminate the Ranger Line of Credit, the Ranger Note and the Ranger Bridge Loan and enter into a new credit agreement providing for a $ million Credit Facility. We expect that the Credit Facility will be used for capital expenditures and permitted acquisitions, to provide for working capital requirements and for other general corporate purposes. We further expect that the Credit Facility will be secured by certain of our assets, contain various affirmative and negative covenants and restrictive provisions that will limit our ability (as well as the ability of our subsidiaries) to, among other things:
-
- incur or guarantee additional debt;
-
- make certain investments and acquisitions;
-
- incur certain liens or permit them to exist;
-
- alter our lines of business;
-
- enter into certain types of transactions with affiliates;
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-
- merger or consolidate with another company; and
-
- transfer, sell or otherwise dispose of assets.
In addition, we expect that the Credit Facility will restrict our ability to make distributions on, or redeem or repurchase, our equity interests, except for distributions of available cash so long as, both at the time of the distribution and after giving effect to the distribution, no default exists under the Credit Facility. Our Credit Facility will also require us to maintain certain financial covenants.
We also expect that the Credit Facility will contain events of default customary for facilities of this nature, including, but not limited, to:
-
- events of default resulting from our failure or the failure of any