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EX-32.2 - EXHIBIT 32.2 - STONEGATE MORTGAGE CORPa2017q1-10qxexhibit322.htm
EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - STONEGATE MORTGAGE CORPa2017q1-10qxexhibit321.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - STONEGATE MORTGAGE CORPa2017q1-10qxexhibit312.htm
EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - STONEGATE MORTGAGE CORPa2017q1-10qxexhibit311.htm
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
____________________
FORM 10-Q  
____________________
(Mark One)
ý
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period ended March 31, 2017
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission file number: 001-36116
____________________
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
____________________
 
Ohio
34-1194858
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
 
 
9190 Priority Way West Drive, Suite 300
Indianapolis, Indiana
46240
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (317) 663-5100
____________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for at least the past 90 days.    Yes  ý     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer
¨
 
Accelerated filer
ý
 
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
¨

  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
¨
 
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
ý
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section13(a) of the Exchange Act. ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   ¨   No   ý
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
Title of Each Class
Outstanding at May 1, 2017
Common Stock, $0.01 par value
25,854,022



Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
For the Period Ended March 31, 2017
Table of Contents
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2


 PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)


(In thousands, except share and per share data)
March 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
22,494

 
$
26,258

Restricted cash
2,776

 
1,500

Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value
462,407

 
578,390

Servicing advances, net
25,593

 
24,364

Derivative assets
9,428

 
21,271

Mortgage servicing rights, at fair value
225,704

 
211,532

Property and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $24,172 and $21,830 at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively)
12,675

 
14,839

Loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA
123,888

 
118,748

Warehouse lending receivables
96,320

 
125,839

Goodwill and other intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization of $1,649 and $1,939 at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively)
6,326

 
6,416

Subordinated loan receivable
30,000

 
30,000

Other assets
14,145

 
17,585

Total assets
$
1,031,756

 
$
1,176,742

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
Secured borrowings - mortgage loans
$
219,718

 
$
277,789

Secured borrowings - mortgage servicing rights
69,898

 
56,898

Secured borrowings - eligible GNMA loan repurchases
22,327

 
24,738

Mortgage repurchase borrowings
290,487

 
371,534

Warehouse lines of credit

 
170

Operating lines of credit
9,834

 
9,928

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
15,352

 
23,657

Derivative liabilities
5,147

 
4,536

Reserve for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications
5,517

 
5,533

Liability for loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA
123,888

 
118,748

Deferred income tax liabilities, net
2,266

 
2,458

Other liabilities
11,349

 
20,804

Total liabilities
775,783

 
916,793

 
 
 
 
Commitments and contingencies - Note 13


 


 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
Common stock, par value $0.01, shares authorized – 100,000,000; shares issued: 25,988,457 and outstanding: 25,854,022 at March 31, 2017; shares issued: 25,988,457 and outstanding: 25,854,022 at December 31, 2016
266

 
266

Additional paid-in capital
272,641

 
272,307
Accumulated deficit
(16,934
)
 
(12,624
)
Total stockholders’ equity
255,973

 
259,949
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
1,031,756

 
$
1,176,742



See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3


Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data)
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Revenues 
 
 
 
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net
$
18,125

 
$
23,122

Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation
(1,229
)
 
(35,720
)
Payoffs and principal amortization of mortgage servicing rights
(5,508
)
 
(7,249
)
Loan origination and other loan fees
3,412

 
4,462

Loan servicing fees
12,338

 
13,446

Interest and other income
5,457

 
6,915

Total revenues 
32,595

 
4,976

 
 
 
 
Expenses 
 
 
 
Salaries, commissions and benefits
19,790

 
23,226

General and administrative expense
6,312

 
7,014

Interest expense
4,553

 
7,249

Occupancy, equipment and communication
3,894

 
4,247

Depreciation and amortization expense
2,547

 
2,546

Total expenses 
37,096

 
44,282

 
 
 
 
(Loss) before income taxes
(4,501
)
 
(39,306
)
Income tax (benefit)
(191
)
 
(1,783
)
Net (loss)
$
(4,310
)
 
$
(37,523
)
 
 
 
 
Loss per share
 
 
 
Basic
$
(0.17
)
 
$
(1.45
)
Diluted
$
(0.16
)
 
$
(1.45
)


See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
 

4


Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)

(In thousands)
Common stock
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated deficit
Total stockholders' equity
 
Shares
Amount
Balance at December 31, 2015
25,796

$
264

$
270,906

$
(9,542
)
$
261,628

Net loss



(37,523
)
(37,523
)
Stock-based compensation expense


306


306

Issuance of common stock
22





Balance at March 31, 2016
25,818

$
264

$
271,212

$
(47,065
)
$
224,411

 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2016
25,854

$
266

$
272,307

$
(12,624
)
$
259,949

Net loss



(4,310
)
(4,310
)
Stock-based compensation expense


334


334

Balance at March 31, 2017
25,854

$
266

$
272,641

$
(16,934
)
$
255,973


See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5


Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)

(In thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Operating activities
 
 
 
Net (loss)
$
(4,310
)
 
$
(37,523
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization expense
2,547

 
2,546

Loss on disposal and impairment of long lived assets
218

 
17

Amortization of debt issuance facility fees
272

 
419

Gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net
(18,125
)
 
(23,122
)
Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation
1,229

 
35,720

Payoffs and principal amortization of mortgage servicing rights
5,508

 
7,249

Stock-based compensation expense
334

 
306

Income tax benefit
(191
)
 
(1,783
)
Proceeds from sales and principal payments of mortgage loans held for sale
1,683,700

 
1,969,049

Originations and purchases of mortgage loans held for sale
(1,554,994
)
 
(2,011,187
)
Repurchases and indemnifications of previously sold loans
(4,065
)
 
(6,977
)
Repurchases of eligible GNMA loans

 
(2,207
)
Principal payments on eligible GNMA loans
482

 
2,087

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Restricted cash
(1,276
)
 
(982
)
Servicing advances
(1,530
)
 
2,193

Warehouse lending receivables
29,519

 
16,453

Other assets
2,334

 
2,588

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
(7,975
)
 
640

Other liabilities
(9,454
)
 
(1,245
)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
124,223

 
(45,759
)
Investing activities
 
 
 
Net proceeds from sale of mortgage servicing rights
1,644

 
5,879

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment

 
11

Purchases of property and equipment
(380
)
 
(887
)
Capitalized long-lived assets
(9
)
 
(258
)
Net cash provided by investing activities
1,255

 
4,745

Financing activities
 
 
 
Proceeds from borrowings under mortgage funding arrangements - mortgage loans and operating lines of credit
2,408,349

 
3,061,839

Repayments of borrowings under mortgage funding arrangements - mortgage loans and operating lines of credit
(2,550,143
)
 
(3,038,564
)
Proceeds from borrowings under mortgage funding arrangements - MSRs
19,000

 
30,000

Repayments of borrowings under mortgage funding arrangements - MSRs
(6,000
)
 
(15,000
)
Payments of contingent earn-out liabilities not exceeding original fair value estimate

 
(273
)
Payments of debt issuance costs
(448
)
 
15

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(129,242
)
 
38,017

 
 
 
 
Change in cash and cash equivalents
(3,764
)
 
(2,997
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
26,258

 
32,463

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
22,494

 
$
29,466

 
 
 
 
Supplemental cash flow information:
 
 
 
Cash paid for interest
$
4,440

 
$
7,043

Cash paid for taxes
$
16

 
$
81



See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

6


Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2017
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data or As Otherwise Stated Herein)

1. Organization and Operations
    
References to the terms “we”, “our”, “us”, “Stonegate” or the “Company” used throughout these Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements refer to Stonegate Mortgage Corporation and, unless the context otherwise requires, its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Company was initially incorporated in the State of Indiana in January 2005. As a result of an acquisition and subsequent merger with Swain Mortgage Company ("Swain") in 2009, the Company is now an Ohio corporation. The Company’s headquarters is in Indianapolis, Indiana.
    
The Company is a leading, non-bank mortgage company focused on originating, financing, and servicing U.S. residential mortgage loans that operates as an intermediary between residential mortgage borrowers and the ultimate investors of these mortgages. The Company’s integrated and scalable residential mortgage banking platform includes a diversified origination business which includes a retail branch network, a direct to consumer call center and a network of third party originators consisting of mortgage brokers, mortgage bankers and financial institutions (banks and credit unions). The Company predominantly sells mortgage loans to the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae” or “FNMA”), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac” or “FHLMC”), financial institution secondary market investors and the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae” or “GNMA”) as pools of mortgage backed securities (“MBS”). Both FNMA and FHLMC are considered government-sponsored enterprises ("GSEs"), for which the Company may perform servicing of U.S. residential mortgage loans. The Company also provides warehouse financing through its NattyMac, LLC subsidiary to third party correspondent lenders. The Company’s principal sources of revenue include (i) gains on sales of mortgage loans from loan securitizations and whole loan sales and fee income from originations, (ii) fee income from loan servicing, and (iii) fee and net interest and other income from its financing facilities and warehouse lending business. The Company operates in three segments: Originations, Servicing and Financing. This determination is based on the Company’s current organizational structure, which reflects the manner in which the chief operating decision maker evaluates the performance of the business.

Proposed Merger with Home Point Financial Corporation
    
On January 26, 2017, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Home Point Financial Corporation, a New Jersey Corporation (“Home Point Financial”) and Longhorn Merger Sub, Inc. an Ohio corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Home Point Financial (“Merger Sub”), pursuant to which Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company, with the Company as the surviving entity (the “Merger”). Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, our stockholders will receive $8.00 per share.

2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation: The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Stonegate and its subsidiaries and have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The Company has omitted certain financial disclosures that would substantially duplicate the disclosures in its audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016, unless the information contained in those disclosures materially changed or is required by GAAP. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2016 and for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 have been recorded. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2017. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 included in its 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Risks and uncertainties: In the normal course of business, companies in the mortgage banking industry encounter certain economic and regulatory risks. Economic risks include interest rate risk and credit risk. In an interest rate cycle in which rates decline over an extended period of time, the Company's mortgage origination activities’ results of operations could be positively impacted by higher loan origination volumes and gain on sale margins. In contrast, the Company's results of

7


operations of its mortgage servicing activities could decline due to higher actual and projected loan prepayments related to its loan servicing portfolio. In an interest rate cycle in which rates rise over an extended period of time, the Company's mortgage origination activities' results of operations could be negatively impacted and its mortgage servicing activities’ results of operations could be positively impacted. Credit risk is the risk of default that may result from the borrowers’ inability or unwillingness to make contractually required payments during the period in which loans are being held for sale. The Company manages these various risks through a variety of policies and procedures, such as the hedging of the loans held for sale and interest rate lock commitments using forward sales of MBS, such as To Be Announced (“TBA”) securities, designed to quantify and mitigate the operational and financial risk to the Company to the extent possible. Specifically, the Company engages in hedging of interest rate risk of its mortgage loans held for sale and interest rate lock commitments with the use of TBA mortgage securities.

The Company sells loans to investors without recourse. As such, the investors have assumed the risk of loss or default by the borrower. However, the Company is usually required by these investors to make certain standard representations and warranties relating to credit information, loan documentation, collateral and regulatory compliance. To the extent that the Company does not comply with such representations, the Company may be required to repurchase the loans or indemnify these investors for any losses from borrower defaults. The Company performs due diligence prior to funding mortgage loans as part of its loan underwriting process, whereby the Company analyzes credit, collateral and compliance risk of all loans in an effort to ensure the mortgage loans meet the investors’ standards. However, if a loan is repurchased, the Company could incur a loss as part of recording such loan at fair value, which may be less than the amount paid to purchase the loan. In addition, if loans pay off within a specified time frame, the Company may be required to refund a portion of the sales proceeds to the investors.

The Company’s business requires substantial cash to support its operating activities. As a result, the Company is dependent on its lines of credit and other financing facilities in order to fund its continued operations. If the Company’s principal lenders decided to terminate or not to renew any of these credit facilities with the Company, the loss of borrowing capacity would have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial statements unless the Company found a suitable alternative source of financing.

3. (Loss) Per Share

The following is a reconciliation of net (loss) and a table summarizing the basic and diluted (loss) per share calculations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Numerator:
 
 
 
Net (loss)
$
(4,310
)
 
$
(37,523
)
 
 
 
 
Denominator:
 
 
 
Weighted average shares outstanding (in thousands)
 
 
 
Weighted average shares outstanding - Basic
25,988

 
25,804

Weighted average shares outstanding - Diluted
26,149

 
25,804

 
 
 
 
Basic (loss) per share
$
(0.17
)
 
$
(1.45
)
 
 
 
 
Diluted (loss) per share
$
(0.16
)
 
$
(1.45
)

During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, weighted average shares of 666 and 617, respectively, were excluded from the denominator for diluted earnings (loss) per share as the shares (which related to stock options, restricted stock units and stock warrants) were anti-dilutive.

4. Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company does not designate any of its derivative instruments as hedges for accounting purposes. The following summarizes the Company’s outstanding derivative instruments as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

8


March 31, 2017:
 
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
Notional
 
Balance Sheet Location
 
Asset
 
(Liability)
Interest rate lock commitments
$
888,640

 
Derivative assets/liabilities
 
$
9,073

 
$
(45
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   MBS forward sales contracts
1,233,425

 
 
 
 
 
 
   MBS forward purchase contracts
358,801

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total MBS forward trades
1,592,226

 
Derivative assets/liabilities
 
355

 
(5,102
)
Total derivative financial instruments
$
2,480,866

 
 
 
$
9,428

 
$
(5,147
)
December 31, 2016:
 
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
Notional
 
Balance Sheet Location
 
Asset
 
(Liability)
Interest rate lock commitments
$
800,168

 
Derivative assets/liabilities
 
$
7,035

 
$
(1,672
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   MBS forward sales contracts
1,473,514

 
 
 
 
 
 
   MBS forward purchase contracts
491,600

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total MBS forward trades
1,965,114

 
Derivative assets/liabilities
 
14,236

 
(2,864
)
Total derivative financial instruments
$
2,765,282

 
 
 
$
21,271

 
$
(4,536
)

The following summarizes the net gains (losses) recognized by the Company on its derivative financial instruments, which are included in "Gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net" on its consolidated statements of operations, for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Interest rate lock commitments
$
3,666

 
$
6,659

MBS forward trades 1
(2,769
)
 
(7,597
)
Net derivative gains (losses)
$
897

 
$
(938
)
1 Amount includes pair-off settlements.

The Company has exposure to credit loss in the event of contractual non-performance by its trading counterparties and counterparties to the over-the-counter derivative financial instruments that the Company uses in its interest rate risk management activities. The Company manages this credit risk by selecting only counterparties that the Company believes to be financially strong, spreading the credit risk among many such counterparties, by placing contractual limits on the amount of unsecured credit extended to any single counterparty and by entering into netting agreements with the counterparties, as appropriate.

The Company has entered into agreements with derivative counterparties, a portion of which include netting arrangements whereby the counterparties are entitled to settle their positions on a net basis. However, with respect to this portion of its derivatives, the Company presents such amounts on a gross basis as shown in the table above. In certain circumstances, the Company is required to provide certain derivative counterparties collateral against derivative financial instruments. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, counterparties held $1,776 and $0, respectively, of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents in margin accounts as collateral (which is classified as "Restricted cash" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets), after which the Company was in a net credit loss position of $2,972 and a net credit gain position of $11,372 at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, to those counterparties. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred no credit losses due to non-performance of any of its counterparties.

5. Mortgage Loans Held for Sale, at Fair Value

The following summarizes mortgage loans held for sale at fair value as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
 
March 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
Conventional 1
$
152,226

 
$
199,350

Government insured 2
295,716

 
355,131

Non-agency/Other
14,465

 
23,909

Total mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value
$
462,407

 
$
578,390

1 Conventional includes FNMA and FHLMC mortgage loans, as well as mortgage loans to various housing agencies.

9


2 Government insured includes GNMA mortgage loans. GNMA portfolio balance is made up of Federal Housing Administration ("FHA"), Veterans Affairs ("VA"), and United States Department of Agriculture ("USDA") home loans, as well as mortgage loans to various housing agencies.

Under certain of the Company’s mortgage funding arrangements (including secured borrowings and warehouse lines of credit), the Company is required to pledge mortgage loans as collateral to secure borrowings. The mortgage loans pledged as collateral must equal at least 100% of the related outstanding borrowings under the mortgage funding arrangements. The outstanding borrowings are monitored and the Company is required to deliver additional collateral if the amount of the outstanding borrowings exceeds the fair value of the pledged mortgage loans. As of March 31, 2017, the Company had pledged $436,397 in fair value of mortgage loans held for sale as collateral to secure debt under its mortgage funding arrangements, with the remaining $26,010 of mortgage loans held for sale funded with the Company’s excess cash. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had pledged $548,392 in fair value of mortgage loans held for sale as collateral to secure debt under its mortgage funding arrangements, with the remaining $29,998 of mortgage loans held for sale funded with the Company's excess cash. The mortgage loans held as collateral by the respective lenders are restricted solely to satisfy the Company’s borrowings under those mortgage funding arrangements. Refer to Note 10 “Debt” for additional information related to the Company’s outstanding borrowings as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

The following are the fair values and related unpaid principal balance ("UPB") due upon maturity for loans held for sale accounted under the fair value method as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
 
March 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
Fair Value
 
UPB
 
Fair Value
 
UPB
Current through 89 days delinquent
$
438,338

 
$
422,868

 
$
548,794

 
$
538,331

90 or more days delinquent1
24,069

 
25,021

 
29,596

 
30,217

Total
$
462,407

 
$
447,889

 
$
578,390

 
$
568,548

1 Includes $19,712 and $20,311 in fair value and related UPB, respectively, of eligible loans repurchased out of GNMA pools, as described in Note 7 - Fair Value Measurements, as of March 31, 2017, and $20,868 and $21,472 in fair value and related UPB, respectively, of eligible loans repurchased out of GNMA pools, as of December 31, 2016.

6. Mortgage Servicing Rights

The Company sells residential mortgage loans in the secondary market and typically retains the right to service the loans sold. Upon sale, the MSRs are capitalized as an asset, which represents the current fair value of the future net cash flows that are expected to be realized for performing servicing activities.
        
The Company’s total mortgage servicing portfolio as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is summarized as follows (based on the unpaid principal balance ("UPB") of the underlying mortgage loans):
 
March 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
FNMA
$
4,257,467

 
$
4,046,750

GNMA:
 
 
 
    FHA
5,254,358

 
4,875,867

    VA
3,719,141

 
3,475,218

    USDA
949,393

 
883,696

FHLMC
3,149,380

 
2,917,616

Other Investors
86,420

 
87,692

Total mortgage servicing portfolio
$
17,416,159

 
$
16,286,839

 
 
 
 
MSRs balance
$
225,704

 
$
211,532

 
 
 
 
MSRs balance as a percentage of total mortgage servicing portfolio
1.30
%
 
1.30
%

A summary of the changes in the balance of MSRs for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:

10


 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Balance at beginning of period
$
211,532

 
$
199,637

MSRs originated in connection with loan sales
20,930

 
21,146

MSRs sold and derecognized

 
(6,243
)
Changes in valuation inputs and assumptions1
(1,250
)
 
(35,615
)
Actual portfolio runoff (payoffs and principal amortization)
(5,508
)
 
(7,249
)
Balance at end of period
$
225,704

 
$
171,676

1 Represents the unrealized portion of the "Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation" on the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The Company realized $21 related to gains on the sale of MSRs and $105 related to losses on the sale of MSRs for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

On June 30, 2016, the Company completed a bulk sale of MSRs with an underlying unpaid principal balance of $5.06 billion in FNMA and FHLMC loans to an unrelated party. This pool of MSRs had average mortgage interest rates that were higher than current mortgage rates, and did not include any GNMA MSRs, which have a different historical performance than FNMA and FHLMC MSRs.

On September 30, 2016, the Company completed a bulk sale of MSRs with an underlying unpaid principal balance of $1.20 billion in GNMA loans to an unrelated party. This pool of MSRs had average mortgage interest rates that were higher than current mortgage rates, and did not include any FNMA and FHLMC MSRs, which have a different historical performance than GNMA MSRs.

The Company performs temporary sub-servicing activities with respect to the pools of underlying loans described above through the established loan file transfer dates of each sale for a fee, during which time the Company is entitled to certain other ancillary income amounts. The Company uses the proceeds to reinvest back into newly originated MSRs through its origination platform. Each of these MSRs sale transactions met the criteria for derecognition as of their respective sale dates, allowing for the MSRs assets to be derecognized and a gain or loss to be recorded at the time of derecognition, based on the respective fair values as of the sale dates. The recognized gains or losses were recorded net of direct transaction expenses and estimated protection provisions.

The following table sets forth information related to outstanding loans sold as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 for which the Company has continuing involvement through servicing agreements:
 
March 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
Total unpaid principal balance
$
17,416,159

 
$
16,286,839

Loans 30-89 days delinquent
$
283,395

 
$
358,300

Loans delinquent 90 or more days or in foreclosure
$
167,162

 
$
160,706

      
The key weighted average assumptions (or range of assumptions), based on market participant inputs for the industry, used in determining the fair value of the Company’s MSRs as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows:
 
March 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
Discount rates
9.25% - 11.00%

 
9.25% - 11.00%

Annual prepayment speeds (by investor type):
 
 
 
FNMA
9.9
%
 
10.1
%
GNMA:
 
 
 
    FHA
9.9
%
 
9.6
%
    VA
9.9
%
 
9.6
%
    USDA
10.3
%
 
9.9
%
FHLMC
9.1
%
 
9.2
%
  Other Investors
10.8
%
 
11.1
%
Cost of servicing (per loan)
$
90

 
$
91


MSRs are generally subject to loss in value when mortgage rates decrease. Decreasing mortgage rates normally encourage increased mortgage refinancing activity. Increased refinancing activity reduces the expected life of the loans underlying the MSRs, thereby reducing the MSRs value. Reductions in the value of MSRs affect income through changes in

11


fair value. These factors have been considered in the estimated prepayment speed assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Company’s MSRs.

In addition to the assumptions provided above, the Company uses assumptions for delinquency rates in determining the fair value of MSRs. These assumptions are based primarily on internal estimates, and the Company also obtains third party data, where applicable, to assess the reasonableness of its internal assumptions.  The Company's assumptions for lifetime delinquency rates for FNMA, GNMA, FHLMC and Other Investors mortgage loans as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows:
 
March 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
FNMA
4.07%
 
4.05%
GNMA:
 
 
 
    FHA
6.53%
 
6.52%
    VA
6.49%
 
6.46%
    USDA
6.52%
 
6.51%
FHLMC
4.03%
 
4.01%
Other Investors
6.63%
 
6.61%
        
The delinquency rates represent the Company’s estimate of the loans that will eventually enter delinquency over the entire term of the portfolio’s life.  These assumptions affect the future cost to service loans, future revenue earned from the portfolio, and future assumed foreclosure losses.  Because the Company’s portfolio is generally comprised of recent vintages, actual future delinquencies may differ from the Company’s assumptions.

The hypothetical effect of an adverse change in these key assumptions would result in a decrease in the fair values of MSRs as follows as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:
 
March 31, 2017
 
% of Average Portfolio
 
December 31, 2016
 
% of Average Portfolio
Discount rates:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impact of discount rate + 1%
$
(9,563
)
 
4
%
 
$
(9,027
)
 
4
%
Impact of discount rate + 2%
$
(18,383
)
 
8
%
 
$
(17,351
)
 
8
%
Impact of discount rate + 3%
$
(26,538
)
 
12
%
 
$
(25,045
)
 
12
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prepayment speeds:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impact of prepayment speed * 105%
$
(5,102
)
 
2
%
 
$
(4,744
)
 
2
%
Impact of prepayment speed * 110%
$
(10,021
)
 
4
%
 
$
(9,322
)
 
4
%
Impact of prepayment speed * 120%
$
(19,348
)
 
9
%
 
$
(18,010
)
 
9
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of servicing:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impact of cost of servicing * 105%
$
(1,487
)
 
1
%
 
$
(1,415
)
 
1
%
Impact of cost of servicing * 110%
$
(2,975
)
 
1
%
 
$
(2,830
)
 
1
%
Impact of cost of servicing * 120%
$
(5,950
)
 
3
%
 
$
(5,660
)
 
3
%

As the table demonstrates, the Company’s methodology for estimating the fair value of MSRs is sensitive to changes in assumptions. For example, actual prepayment experience may differ and any difference may have a material effect on MSRs fair value. Changes in fair value resulting from changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the MSRs is calculated without changing any other assumption; in reality, changes in one factor may be associated with changes in another (for example, decreases in market interest rates may indicate higher prepayments; however, this may be partially offset by lower prepayments due to other factors such as a borrower’s diminished opportunity to refinance), which may magnify or counteract the sensitivities. Thus, any measurement of MSRs fair value is limited by the conditions existing and assumptions made as of a particular point in time. Those assumptions may not be appropriate if they are applied to a different point in time.
    
Under certain of the Company's secured borrowing arrangements, the Company is required to pledge mortgage servicing rights as collateral to the secured borrowings. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had pledged $224,919 and $210,734, respectively, in fair value of mortgage servicing rights as collateral to secure debt under certain of its secured borrowing arrangements. However, the financial institutions would be limited to selling the pledged

12


MSRs to the amount needed to satisfy their respective debt, including any accrued but unpaid interest and fees, as applicable. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the outstanding borrowings secured by MSRs were $69,898 and $56,898, respectively. Refer to Note 10 “Debt” for additional information related to the Company’s outstanding borrowings as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

The following is a summary of the components of loan servicing fees as reported in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Contractual servicing fees
$
11,708

 
$
12,705

Late fees
630

 
741

Loan servicing fees
$
12,338

 
$
13,446

 
 
 
 
Servicing fees as a percentage of average portfolio (annualized)
0.29
%
 
0.30
%

7. Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses fair value measurements in fair value disclosures and to record certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis, such as mortgage loans held for sale, derivative financial instruments, MSRs and loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA, or on a nonrecurring basis, such as when measuring intangible assets and long-lived assets. The Company has elected fair value accounting for loans held for sale to more closely align the Company’s accounting with its interest rate risk strategies without having to apply the operational complexities of hedge accounting.

The Company groups its assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:
Level Input:
Input Definition:
Level 1
Unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2
Prices determined using other significant observable inputs. Observable inputs are inputs that other market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. These may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk and others.
Level 3
Prices determined using significant unobservable inputs. In situations where quoted prices or observable inputs are unavailable (for example, when there is little or no market activity), unobservable inputs may be used. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company's own assumptions about the factors that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, and are based on the best information available in the circumstances.

An asset or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

While the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with those used by other market participants, the use of different methods or assumptions to estimate the fair value of certain financial statement items could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. Those estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a readily available market for such items existed, or had such items been liquidated, and those differences could be material to the consolidated financial statements.

Management incorporates lack of liquidity into its fair value estimates based on the type of asset or liability measured and the valuation method used. The Company uses discounted cash flow techniques to estimate fair value. These techniques incorporate forecasting of expected cash flows discounted at appropriate market discount rates that are intended to reflect the lack of liquidity in the market.

The following describes the methods used in estimating the fair values of certain financial statement items:

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale: The majority of the Company's mortgage loans held for sale at fair value are saleable
into the secondary mortgage markets and their fair values are estimated using observable quoted market or contracted prices or

13


market price equivalents, which would be used by other market participants. These saleable loans are considered Level 2. A smaller portion of the Company's mortgage loans held for sale consist of 1) loans deemed non-saleable prior to sale to the GSEs; 2) loans repurchased from the GSEs that have subsequently been deemed to be non-saleable to GSEs when certain representations and warranties are breached; 3) loans repurchased from the GSE in our loan modification program; and 4) loans repurchased from GNMA securities pursuant to our unilateral right, as servicer, to repurchase such GNMA loans we have previously sold. The fair values of these loans are estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis with significant unobservable inputs, such as prepayment speeds, default rates, the spread between bid and ask prices and loss severities, which are identified as Level 3 inputs. Changes in fair value of the Company's mortgage loans held for sale are recognized through "Gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net" on its consolidated statements of operations.

Derivative Financial Instruments: The Company estimates the fair value of interest rate lock commitments based on the value of the underlying mortgage loan, quoted MBS prices, estimates of the fair value of the MSRs and an estimate of the probability that the mortgage loan will fund within the terms of the interest rate lock commitment, net of commission expenses. The Company estimates the fair value of forward sales commitments based on quoted MBS prices, which are considered Level 2. With respect to its interest rate lock commitments ("IRLCs"), management determined that a Level 3 classification was most appropriate based on the various significant unobservable inputs utilized in estimating the fair value of its IRLCs. Changes in fair value of the Company's derivative financial instruments are recognized through "Gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net" on its consolidated statements of operations.

Mortgage Servicing Rights: The Company uses a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of MSRs. This approach consists of projecting servicing cash flows discounted at a rate that management believes market participants would use in their determinations of value. The Company obtains valuations from an independent third party on a monthly basis, to support the reasonableness of the fair value estimate generated by the internal model. Therefore, the Company classifies MSRs as Level 3. The key assumptions used in the estimation of the fair value of MSRs include prepayment speeds, discount rates, default rates, cost to service, contractual servicing fees and escrow earnings. In valuing the fair value of MSRs, the Company uses a forward yield curve as an input which will impact pre-pay estimates and the value of escrows as compared to a flat rate environment. The Company believes that the use of the forward yield curve better represents fair value of MSRs because the forward yield curve is the market’s expectation of future interest rates based on its expectation of inflation and other economic conditions. Changes in fair value of the Company's mortgage servicing rights are recognized through "Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation" on its consolidated statements of operations.

Loans Eligible for Repurchase from GNMA: The Company uses a liquidation based discounted cash flow analysis to estimate the fair value of the assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet for certain delinquent government guaranteed or insured mortgage loans from GNMA guaranteed pools in its servicing portfolio. Therefore, the Company classifies loans from GNMA as Level 3. The Company's right to purchase such loans arises as the result of the borrower's failure to make payments for at least 90 days preceding the month of repurchase by the Company and provides an alternative to the Company's obligation to continue advancing principal and interest at the coupon rate of the related GNMA security. The key assumptions used in the discounted cash flow analysis include the Company's historical ability to make the GNMA loan salable, by becoming current either through the borrower's performance or through completion of a modification of the loan's terms, and the Company's historical ability to receive insurance reimbursements for related claims filed. Changes in fair value of the Company's loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA are recognized between "Loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA" and "Liability for loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA" on its consolidated balance sheets.

The following are the major categories of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2017:

14


 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans held for sale - saleable to GSEs
$

 
$
397,377

 
$

 
$
397,377

Mortgage loans held for sale - non-saleable to GSEs

 

 
41,714

 
41,714

Mortgage loans held for sale - repurchased GNMA loans

 

 
23,316

 
23,316

Derivative assets (IRLCs)

 

 
9,073

 
9,073

Derivative assets (MBS forward trades)

 
355

 

 
355

MSRs

 

 
225,704

 
225,704

Loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA

 

 
123,888

 
123,888

Total assets
$

 
$
397,732

 
$
423,695

 
$
821,427

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities (IRLCs)
$

 
$

 
$
45

 
$
45

Derivative liabilities (MBS forward trades)

 
5,102

 

 
5,102

Liability for loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA

 

 
123,888

 
123,888

Total liabilities
$

 
$
5,102

 
$
123,933

 
$
129,035


The following are the major categories of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016:
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage loans held for sale - saleable to GSEs
$

 
$
503,300

 
$

 
$
503,300

Mortgage loans held for sale - non-saleable to GSEs

 

 
49,346

 
49,346

Mortgage loans held for sale - repurchased GNMA loans

 

 
25,744

 
25,744

Derivative assets (IRLCs)

 

 
7,035

 
7,035

Derivative assets (MBS forward trades)

 
14,236

 

 
14,236

MSRs

 

 
211,532

 
211,532

Loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA

 

 
118,748

 
118,748

Total assets
$

 
$
517,536

 
$
412,405

 
$
929,941

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities (IRLCs)
$

 
$

 
$
1,672

 
$
1,672

Derivative liabilities (MBS forward trades)

 
2,864

 

 
2,864

Liability for loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA

 

 
118,748

 
118,748

Total liabilities
$

 
$
2,864

 
$
120,420

 
$
123,284


A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Company’s assets and liabilities classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016 are as follows:


15


 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
 
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale - non-saleable to GSEs
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale - Repurchased GNMA Loans
Derivative Assets
Derivative Liabilities
Loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA
Liability for loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA
Balance at beginning of period
$
49,346

$
25,744

$
7,035

$
1,672

$
118,748

$
118,748

Change in fair value
157

77

2,038

(1,627
)
(4,771
)
(4,771
)
Purchases
6,830






Sales
(12,015
)
(1,530
)




Settlements
(2,758
)
(482
)


9,911

9,911

Transfers into Level 31
154






Transfers out of Level 32

(493
)




Balance at end of period
$
41,714

$
23,316

$
9,073

$
45

$
123,888

$
123,888

1 On an ongoing basis, for Mortgage Loans Held for Sale - non-saleable to GSEs measured at fair value, transfers into Level 3 represent those deemed unsaleable to GSEs in the current period. Transfers between levels are deemed to have occurred on the last day of the quarter in which a change in classification is determined.
2 On an ongoing basis, for Mortgage Loans Held for Sale - Repurchased GNMA Loans, transfers out of Level 3 represent those which the Company has moved to real estate owned ("REO").

 
Year Ended December 31, 2016
 
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale - non-saleable to GSEs
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale - Repurchased GNMA Loans
Derivative Assets
Derivative Liabilities
Loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA
Liability for loans eligible for repurchase from GNMA
Balance at beginning of period
$
58,799

$
37,336

$
10,596

$
334

$
80,794

$
80,794

Change in fair value
1,413

412

(3,561
)
1,338

(4,606
)
(4,606
)
Purchases
34,327

2,207





Sales
(38,847
)
(7,774
)


(2,207
)
(2,207
)
Settlements
(35,311
)
(4,545
)


44,767

44,767

Transfers into Level 31
31,081






Transfers out of Level 32
(2,116
)
(1,892
)




Balance at end of period
$
49,346

$
25,744

$
7,035

$
1,672

$
118,748

$
118,748


1 On an ongoing basis, for Mortgage Loans Held for Sale - non-saleable to GSEs measured at fair value, transfers into Level 3 represent those deemed unsaleable to GSEs in the current period. Transfers between levels are deemed to have occurred on the last day of the quarter in which a change in classification is determined.
2 On an ongoing basis, for Mortgage Loans Held for Sale - Repurchased GNMA Loans, transfers out of Level 3 represent those which the Company has moved to REO.

Refer to Note 6, "Mortgage Servicing Rights", for a reconciliation of the beginning and ending level 3 balances for the period ending March 31, 2017, as well as a discussion of significant observable inputs related to the Company's MSRs and relative ranges of those used in determining their fair value.

8. Other Assets

The following summarizes other assets as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:


16


 
March 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
Receivables from MSRs sales, interest and loan related payments, net
$
8,776

 
$
11,748

Prepaid expenses
3,825

 
4,411

Real estate owned, net 1
1,123

 
1,005

Deposits
421

 
421

Total other assets
$
14,145

 
$
17,585

1 Real estate owned assets are reflected at their net realizable value.

9. Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets

Residential mortgage loans are primarily sold to FNMA or FHLMC or transferred into pools of GNMA MBS. The Company has continuing involvement in mortgage loans sold through servicing arrangements and the liability for loan indemnifications and repurchases under the representations and warranties it makes to the investors and insurers of the loans it sells. The Company is exposed to interest rate risk through its continuing involvement with mortgage loans sold, including the MSRs, as the value of the asset fluctuates as changes in interest rates impact borrower prepayment.

The Company also sells non-agency residential mortgage loans to non-GSE third parties generally without retaining the servicing rights to such loans.

All loans are sold on a non-recourse basis; however, certain representations and warranties have been made that are customary for loan sale transactions, including eligibility characteristics of the mortgage loans and underwriting responsibilities, in connection with the sales of these assets.

In order to facilitate the origination and sale of mortgage loans held for sale, the Company entered into various agreements with warehouse lenders. Such agreements are in the form of loan participations and repurchase agreements with banks and other financial institutions. Mortgage loans held for sale are considered sold when the Company surrenders control over the financial assets and such financial assets are legally isolated from the Company in the event of bankruptcy. If the sale criteria are not met, the transfer is recorded as a secured borrowing in which the assets remain on the balance sheet and the proceeds from the transaction are recognized as a liability. From time to time, the Company may sell loans whereby the underlying risks and cash flows of the mortgage loan have been transferred to a third party through the issuance of participating interests. The terms and conditions of these interests are governed by the participation agreements. The Company will receive a marketing fee paid by the participating entity upon completion of the sale. In addition, the Company will also subservice the underlying mortgage loans to the participation agreement for the period that the participating interests are outstanding. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, all transfers pursuant to our mortgage funding arrangements (the collective term for the Company's mortgage loan participation, warehouse lines of credit, repurchase and other credit arrangements) are accounted for by the Company as secured borrowings.

The following table sets forth information regarding cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 relating to loan sales in which the Company has continuing involvement:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Proceeds from new loan sales 1
$
1,630,935

 
$
1,905,376

1 Represents proceeds from sales and excludes payments received from borrowers.

10. Debt

Borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows:

17


 
March 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
Amount Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Interest Rate




Amount
Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Interest Rate
Secured borrowings - mortgage loans1
$
219,718

 
4.14%
 
$
277,789

 
3.94%
Secured borrowings - mortgage servicing rights
69,898

 
5.72%
 
56,898

 
5.17%
Secured borrowings - eligible GNMA loan repurchases2
22,327

 
3.18%
 
24,738

 
3.18%
Mortgage repurchase borrowings
290,487

 
2.68%
 
371,534

 
2.55%
Warehouse lines of credit

 
—%
 
170

 
4.25%
Operating lines of credit
9,834

 
4.00%
 
9,928

 
4.00%
Total mortgage funding arrangements and operating lines of credit
$
612,264

 
 
 
$
741,057

 
 
1 The Company’s costs for secured borrowings on mortgage loans are shown in the table above based on the average underlying mortgage rates. These costs are reduced by earnings and fees specific to each of the secured borrowing facilities.
2 The Company's costs for financing GNMA loan repurchases under this funding arrangement (remittance rate) is based on a borrowing rate over and above the debenture rate, which is set on each loan by HUD at a required spread to the constant maturity ten-year treasury at that point in time.

The Company maintains mortgage loan participation, warehouse lines of credit, repurchase and other credit arrangements listed above (collectively referred to as “mortgage funding arrangements”) with various financial institutions, primarily to fund the origination and purchase of mortgage loans. As of March 31, 2017, the Company held mortgage funding arrangements with six separate financial institutions and a total maximum borrowing capacity of $1,577,000, including the operating lines of credit and funding arrangement for GNMA loan repurchases. Except for our operating lines of credit, each mortgage funding arrangement is collateralized by the underlying mortgage loans. Separately, the Company had two mortgage funding arrangements for the funding of MSRs, each of which is collateralized by the MSRs pledged to the respective facilities.

The following tables summarize the amounts outstanding, interest rates and maturity dates under the Company’s various mortgage funding arrangements as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

18


As of March 31, 2017:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage Funding Arrangements1 
 
Amount Outstanding
 
Maximum Borrowing Capacity
 
Interest Rate



Maturity Date
 
Merchants Bank of Indiana - Participation Agreement
 
$
9,777

 
$
600,000

2 
Same as the underlying mortgage rates, less contractual service fee
 
July 2017
 
Merchants Bank of Indiana - NattyMac Funding
 
209,941

 

3 
Same as the underlying mortgage rates, less 49% of facility earnings
 
March 2018
 
      Total secured borrowings - mortgage loans
 
219,718

 
600,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guaranty Bank
 
22,327

 
50,000

 
Coupon rate of underlying loans, less debenture rate
6 
N/A
7 
      Total secured borrowings - eligible GNMA loan repurchases
 
22,327

 
50,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Barclays Bank PLC
 

 
225,000

 
LIBOR plus applicable margin
 
July 2017
 
Bank of America, N.A.
 
199,344

 
425,000

5 
LIBOR plus applicable margin
 
August 2017
 
EverBank
 
31,841

 
125,000

 
LIBOR plus applicable margin
 
January 2018
 
Wells Fargo Bank N.A.
 
59,302

 
140,000

 
LIBOR plus applicable margin
 
January 2018
 
      Total mortgage repurchase borrowings
 
290,487

 
915,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Merchants Bank of Indiana - Warehouse Line of Credit
 

 
2,000

 
Prime plus 1.00%
 
July 2017
 
      Total warehouse lines of credit
 

 
2,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Barclays Bank PLC - MSRs Secured
 
34,128

 

4 
LIBOR plus applicable margin
 
July 2017
 
EverBank - MSRs Secured
 
35,770

 

8 
LIBOR plus applicable margin
 
January 2018
 
       Total secured borrowings - MSRs
 
69,898

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
602,430

 
$
1,567,000

 
 
 
 
 
1 Does not include our operating lines of credit for which we have a maximum borrowing capacity of $10,000.
2 Merchants Bank of Indiana will periodically limit or expand the aggregate maximum borrowing capacity. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the most the aggregate borrowing capacity was limited or expanded approximated $550,000 or $700,000, respectively. At March 31, 2017, the aggregate maximum borrowing capacity was $600,000.
3 The maximum borrowing capacity is a sublimit of the Merchants Participation Agreement maximum borrowing capacity referred to in Note 2 above.
4 Governed by the Barclays Bank PLC maximum borrowing capacity of $225,000, with a MSR sub-limit of $45,000.
5 The Bank of America maximum borrowing includes $200,000 of mortgage repurchase and $225,000 of mortgage gestation repurchase facilities.
6 Borrowing carries an interest rate of the coupon rate of the underlying mortgage loans, less the debenture rate funded by Guaranty Bank.
7 Borrowing matures no later than four years from the date of most recent purchase from GNMA pools.
8 Governed by the EverBank maximum borrowing capacity of $125,000, with a MSR sub-limit of $60,000.



19


As of December 31, 2016:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage Funding Arrangements1 
 
Amount Outstanding
 
Maximum Borrowing Capacity
 
Interest Rate



Maturity Date
 
Merchants Bank of Indiana - Participation Agreement
 
$
105,189

 
$
600,000

2 
Same as the underlying mortgage rates, less contractual service fee
 
July 2017
 
Merchants Bank of Indiana - NattyMac Funding
 
172,600

 

3 
Same as the underlying mortgage rates, less 49% of facility earnings
 
March 2017
 
      Total secured borrowings - mortgage loans
 
277,789

 
600,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guaranty Bank
 
24,738

 
50,000

 
Coupon rate of underlying loans, less debenture rate
7 
N/A
8 
      Total secured borrowings - eligible GNMA loan repurchases
 
24,738

 
50,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Barclays Bank PLC
 
64,691

 
300,000

 
LIBOR plus applicable margin
 
February 2017
11 
Bank of America, N.A.
 
214,969

 
425,000

4 
LIBOR plus applicable margin
 
August 2017
 
EverBank
 
35,734

 
125,000

 
LIBOR plus applicable margin
 
January 2017
9 
Wells Fargo Bank N.A.
 
56,140

 
140,000

 
LIBOR plus applicable margin
 
January 2017
10 
      Total mortgage repurchase borrowings
 
371,534

 
990,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Merchants Bank of Indiana - Warehouse Line of Credit
 
170

 
2,000

 
Prime plus 1.00%
 
July 2017
 
      Total warehouse lines of credit
 
170

 
2,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Barclays Bank PLC - MSRs Secured
 
15,128

 

5 
LIBOR plus applicable margin
 
February 2017
11 
EverBank - MSRs Secured
 
41,770

 

6 
LIBOR plus applicable margin
 
January 2017
9 
       Total secured borrowings - MSRs
 
56,898

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
731,129

 
$
1,642,000

 
 
 
 
 
1 Does not include our operating lines of credit for which we have a maximum borrowing capacity of $10,000.
2 Merchants Bank of Indiana will periodically constrain the aggregate maximum borrowing capacity. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the lowest amount to which the aggregate maximum borrowing capacity was limited approximated $550,000. The highest amount to which it was expanded approximated $700,000. At December 31, 2016, the aggregate maximum borrowing capacity was $600,000.
3 The maximum borrowing capacity is a sublimit of the Merchants Participation Agreement maximum borrowing capacity referred to in Note 2 above.
4 The Bank of America maximum borrowing includes $200,000 of mortgage repurchase and $225,000 of mortgage gestation repurchase facilities.
5 Governed by the Barclays Bank PLC maximum borrowing capacity of $300,000, with a sub-limit of $60,000.
6 Governed by the EverBank maximum borrowing capacity of $125,000, with a sub-limit of $60,000.
7 Borrowing carries an interest rate of the coupon rate of the underlying mortgage loans, less the debenture rate funded by Guaranty Bank.
8 Borrowing matures no later than four years from the date of most recent purchase from GNMA pools.
9 On January 6, 2017 the Company amended its mortgage repurchase financing agreement with EverBank to extend the maturity date to January 5, 2018.
10 On January 18, 2017 the Company amended its mortgage repurchase agreement with Wells Fargo Bank N.A. to extend the maturity date to January 30, 2018.
11 On February 21, 2017 the Company amended its agreements with Barclays Bank to extend the maturity date to July 31, 2017.


20


On August 3, 2016, the Company renewed and amended its mortgage repurchase financing agreement with Bank of America, N.A. to extend the maturity date to August 2, 2017.  The renewed agreement has a repurchase facility size of $200,000 and a gestation facility size of $225,000.  The repurchase and gestation facility sizes were $250,000 and $300,000, respectively, prior to the renewal.    

On December 31, 2016, the Company renewed its operating line of credit agreement with Merchants at $10,000 through its maturity date of July 31, 2017.

On January 6, 2017 the Company amended its mortgage repurchase financing agreement with EverBank to extend the maturity date to January 5, 2018.

On January 18, 2017 the Company amended its mortgage repurchase agreement with Wells Fargo Bank N.A. to extend the maturity date to January 30, 2018.

On February 21, 2017 the Company amended its agreements with Barclays Bank to extend the maturity date to July 31, 2017.

The above mortgage funding and operating lines of credit agreements contain covenants which include certain customary financial requirements, including maintenance of minimum tangible net worth, maximum debt to tangible net worth ratio, minimum liquidity, minimum current ratio, minimum profitability and limitations on additional debt and transactions with affiliates, as defined in the respective agreement. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with the covenants contained in these agreements. The Company intends to renew the mortgage funding arrangements when they mature and has no reason to believe the Company will be unable to do so.

11. Reserve for Mortgage Repurchases and Indemnifications

Representations and warranties are provided to investors and insurers on loans sold and are also assumed on purchased mortgage loans. In the event of a breach of these representations and warranties, the Company may be required to repurchase the mortgage loan or indemnify the investor against loss. In limited circumstances, the full risk of loss on loans sold is retained to the extent the liquidation of the underlying collateral is insufficient. In some instances where the Company has purchased loans from third parties, it may have the ability to recover the loss from the third party originator. Repurchase-related reserves are maintained for probable losses related to repurchase and indemnification obligations.    

The following is a summary of changes in the reserve for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
5,533

 
$
5,536

Provision for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications - new loan sales1
392

 
565

Losses on repurchases and indemnifications
(408
)
 
(303
)
Balance at end of period
$
5,517

 
$
5,798

1 Recognized as a reduction to "Gain on mortgage loans held for sale, net" in the consolidated statements of operations.

Because of the inherent uncertainties involved in the various estimates and assumptions used by the Company in determining the mortgage repurchase and indemnifications liability, there is a reasonable possibility that future losses may be in excess of the recorded liability. In assessing the adequacy of the reserve, management evaluates various factors including actual losses on repurchases and indemnifications during the period, historical loss experience, known delinquent and other problem loans, delinquency trends in the portfolio of sold loans and economic trends and conditions in the industry.

As part of our ongoing risk management and monitoring activities, we continuously evaluate and make necessary enhancements to our methodology and assumptions to estimate the losses inherent from our repurchase and indemnification exposure. Such changes generally reflect changes in key assumptions, such as the level of loan sales, the party to whom the loans are sold, the expectation of severity of loss on repurchases and indemnifications, our success rate at appealing repurchase demands and our ability to recover any losses from third parties. We believe the analysis used to evaluate future expected repurchase exposure is appropriate and our period-end repurchase reserve balance is adequate.


21




12. Income Taxes

The Company calculates its quarterly tax provision pursuant to the guidelines in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 740-270 "Income Taxes". Generally ASC 740-270 requires companies to estimate the annual effective tax rate for current year ordinary income. In calculating the effective tax rate, permanent differences between financial reporting and taxable income are factored into the calculation, but temporary differences are not. The estimated annual effective tax rate represents the best estimate of the tax provision in relation to the best estimate of pre-tax ordinary income or loss. The estimated annual effective tax rate is then applied to year-to-date ordinary income or loss to calculate the year-to-date interim tax provision. Due primarily to the unpredictable nature of the MSRs valuation and the impact this has on making a reliable estimate of the annual effective tax rate for interim reporting periods, the Company applies the actual year-to-date effective tax rate for the current period tax provision as a matter of policy.
        
The following is a reconciliation of the expected statutory federal corporate income tax (benefit) to the income tax (benefit) recorded on the Company's consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
%
 
$
%
Statutory federal income tax benefit
$
(1,575
)
35.0
 %
 
$
(13,667
)
35.0
 %
State income tax benefit, net of federal tax benefit
(152
)
3.4
 %
 
(1,430
)
3.7
 %
Non-deductible expenses
15

(0.4
)%
 
41

(0.1
)%
Valuation allowance
1,513

(33.6
)%
 
13,070

(33.5
)%
Uncertain tax positions
6

(0.1
)%
 
18

 %
State tax rate adjustment to state deferred

 %
 
294

(0.8
)%
Other
2

(0.1
)%
 
(109
)
0.3
 %
Total income tax (benefit)
$
(191
)
4.2
 %
 
$
(1,783
)
4.6
 %

During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized an income tax benefit of $191 and $1,783, respectively, which represented effective tax rates of 4.2% and 4.6%, respectively. The income tax benefit included a federal and state valuation allowance of $1,513 and $13,070 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, to offset our deferred tax assets, as discussed below, as we determined that it is more likely than not that a portion of our deferred tax assets, not subject to reversing deferred tax liabilities, will not be realized. The federal and state valuation allowance balance as of March 31, 2017 is $2,409.

As of March 31, 2017, the Company had total company federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $206,392 and $168,593, respectively. The majority of the Company's federal and state net operating loss carryforwards are available to offset future taxable income and expiring from 2029 to 2036. As of March 31, 2016, the Company had total company federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $188,898 and $160,411, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company entered into a four-year cumulative loss position. As a result of the cumulative loss position and changes in the Company's level of activity in various states, the Company has recorded a federal and state valuation allowance of $1,513 and $13,070 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In future periods, the allowance could be adjusted if sufficient evidence exists indicating that it is more likely than not that a portion or all of these deferred tax assets will or will not be realized.

ASC 740-10, Income Taxes, requires financial statement recognition of the impact of a tax position if a position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. As of March 31, 2017, the Company accrued a liability for uncertain tax positions of $6 against the Company’s state NOL carryforward balances. The following is a reconciliation of the ASC 740-10 unrecognized tax positions:

22


 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Balance at the beginning of year
$
254

 
$
583

Increases for tax positions of prior years
6

 
18

Balance at end of year
$
260

 
$
601


As of March 31, 2017, the Company had $260 of gross unrecognized tax benefits which, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate. It is reasonably possible that the amount of the unrecognized tax benefit with respect to certain of our uncertain tax positions will increase or decrease during the next 12 months; however, we do not expect the change to have a significant effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax of multiple states and local jurisdictions. With a few insignificant exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2012.

13. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments to Extend Credit

The Company enters into IRLCs with customers who have applied for residential mortgage loans and meet certain credit and underwriting criteria. These commitments expose the Company to market risk if interest rates change and the loan is not economically hedged or committed to an investor. The Company is also exposed to credit loss if the loan is originated and not sold to an investor and the customer does not perform. The collateral upon extension of credit typically consists of a first deed of trust in the mortgagor’s residential property. Commitments to originate loans do not necessarily reflect future cash requirements as some commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon. Total commitments to originate loans as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 approximated $888,640 and $800,168, respectively, in estimated principal loan amount. The related fair value of these commitments is recognized in the consolidated balance sheet within either “Derivative assets" or "Derivative liabilities".

Litigation

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings arising out of the ordinary course of business. As of March 31, 2017, there were no current or pending claims against the Company, which could have a material impact on the Company's statement of financial position, net income or cash flows. Any liabilities which are probable to occur and estimable have been recorded in the balance sheet.

Regulatory Contingencies

The Company is subject to periodic audits and examinations, both formal and informal in nature, from various federal and state agencies, including those made as part of regulatory oversight of our mortgage origination, servicing and financing activities. Such audits and examinations could result in additional actions, penalties or fines by state or federal governmental bodies, regulators or the courts with respect to our mortgage origination, servicing and financing activities, which may be applicable generally to the mortgage industry or to us in particular.  During 2014, we received a report of examination from a state regulatory agency that certain fees that were charged to borrowers in connection with the origination of loans through our wholesale and retail channels were impermissible and must be refunded to such borrowers.  The total amount of these fees is $417. The Company disagrees with the findings in the report of examination and has communicated its reasoning as to why the related fees are permissible to the state regulatory agency.  However, there can be no assurance that the state regulatory agency will agree with our position and that we will not be ultimately required to refund the fees to the related borrowers.

Other Contingencies

During 2013, the Company became aware that it had purchased certain refinancing loans, with a total principal amount of $5,163, from a correspondent lender where the prior mortgage loan on the property securing the mortgage loan that was purchased from the correspondent was not satisfied and released by the correspondent’s title company at the time the loan from the correspondent was made. As part of the Company’s process in purchasing a mortgage loan from a correspondent, it generally requires that a closing protection letter be issued by the title insurer in favor of the borrower. A closing protection letter was obtained with respect to each of these purchased loans. As a result, the Company believes the borrower is insured against any liens prior to ours that were not identified in connection with the issuance of that closing protection letter. The

23


Company believes that its procedures, including conducting a post-purchase audit, were effective in identifying the failure by the correspondent to obtain a release of the prior mortgage loan and that the Company’s practice of obtaining closing protection letters is appropriate to protect it in these situations. The Company reached a settlement with the title company during 2016. The Company received cash consideration in connection with this settlement, which was recognized in "Interest and other income" on its consolidated statements of operations. During 2016, the Company also recorded an impairment of the purchased loans in substantially the same amount as the settlement income recognized. This impairment was recorded in "General and administrative expense" on its consolidated statements of operations, and represented the carrying value of the purchased loans at the time of the settlement. As a result of recording the settlement income and the impairment for substantially the same amount, there was an immaterial impact to the Company's overall consolidated statements of operations.

14. Stock-Based Compensation

On June 29, 2016, the Company adopted the 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2016 Plan") for employees and consultants. The 2016 Plan does not contain any material substantive differences from the 2013 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the "2013 Plan"), which is discussed in Note 20, “Stock-Based Compensation,” of its audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016, included in its 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, other than the shares available for issuance. Upon adoption on June 29, 2016, a total of 200,000 shares of the Company's common stock were reserved and available for issuance under the 2016 Plan. As of March 31, 2017, 104,418 shares and 100,000 shares were available for future grants under the 2013 Plan and 2016 Plan, respectively.

Additionally, on June 29, 2016, the Company amended the 2013 Non-Employee Director Plan to increase the number of shares available for issuance by 200,000 shares to 304,812 shares. As of March 31, 2017, 123,133 shares were available for future grants under this plan.

Stock Options

A summary of stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2017 is as follows:
 




Number of Shares
 


Weighted Average
Exercise Price Per Share
 

Weighted Average
Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
 



Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
307,854

 
$
13.37

 

 


Granted

 
N/A

 

 


Exercised

 
N/A

 

 


Forfeited or expired

 
N/A

 

 


Outstanding at March 31, 2017
307,854

 
$
13.37

 
5.7
 
$
405

Exercisable at March 31, 2017
256,265

 
$
12.44

 
5.7
 
$
405


The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted. For a more detailed discussion of the Company's stock-based compensation plan's fair value methodology, refer to Note 20, “Stock-Based Compensation,” to its audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016, included in its 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the nonvested restricted stock unit activity for the three months ended March 31, 2017 is as follows:


24


 
Restricted Stock Units
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested at December 31, 2016
377,290

 
$
5.16

Granted

 
N/A

Vested

 
N/A

Forfeited

 
N/A

Nonvested at March 31, 2017
377,290

 
$
5.16


During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company recognized total stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock units of $334.

15. Segment Information

The Company's organizational structure is currently comprised of three operating segments: Originations, Servicing and Financing. This determination is based on the Company's current organizational structure, which reflects how the chief operation decision maker evaluates the performance of the business and focuses primarily on the services performed.

The Originations segment primarily originates and sells residential mortgage loans, which conform to the underwriting guidelines of the GSEs and government agencies and non-agency whole loan investors. The Servicing segment includes loan administration, collection and default activities, including the collection and remittance of loan payments, responding to customer inquiries, collection of principal and interest payments, holding custodial funds for the payment of property taxes and insurance premiums, counseling delinquent mortgagors, modifying loans and supervising foreclosures on the Company’s property dispositions. The Financing segment includes warehouse-lending activities to correspondent customers by the Company’s NattyMac subsidiary, which commenced operations in July 2013. Other/Eliminations includes intersegment eliminations and certain corporate income and expenses not allocated to the three reportable segments, such as those related to our accounting, executive administration, finance, internal audit, investor relations and legal departments.

The accounting policies of each reportable segment are the same as those of the Company. Certain consolidated back-office operations, such as risk and compliance, human resources, information technology, business processes and marketing, are allocated to each individual segment. Expenses are allocated to individual segments based on the estimated value of services performed, including estimated utilization of square footage and corporate personnel.

Financial highlights by segment are as follows:
 
Total Assets
 
March 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
Originations
$
463,356

 
$
589,938

Servicing
407,686

 
391,967

Financing
128,573

 
158,199

Other/Eliminations1
32,141

 
36,638

    Total
$
1,031,756

 
$
1,176,742

1 Includes intersegment eliminations and assets not allocated to the three reportable segments.


25


 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
 
Originations
 
Servicing
 
Financing
 
Other/Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net
$
17,902

 
$
251

 
$

 
$
(28
)
 
$
18,125

Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation

 
(1,229
)
 

 

 
(1,229
)
Payoffs and principal amortization of mortgage servicing rights

 
(5,508
)
 

 

 
(5,508
)
Loan origination and other loan fees
3,094

 

 
318

 

 
3,412

Loan servicing fees

 
12,338

 

 

 
12,338

Interest and other income
3,746

 
163

 
1,548

 

 
5,457

Total revenues
24,742

 
6,015

 
1,866

 
(28
)
 
32,595

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries, commissions and benefits
11,989

 
1,513

 
455

 
5,833

 
19,790

General and administrative
2,587

 
775

 
234

 
2,716

 
6,312

Interest expense
3,586

 
(670
)
 
719

 
918

 
4,553

Occupancy, equipment and communication
1,753

 
392

 
77

 
1,672

 
3,894

Depreciation and amortization expense
1,950

 
160

 
109

 
328

 
2,547

Corporate allocations
5,588

 
845

 
156

 
(6,589
)
 

Total expenses
27,453

 
3,015

 
1,750

 
4,878

 
37,096

Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes
$
(2,711
)
 
$
3,000

 
$
116

 
$
(4,906
)
 
$
(4,501
)


 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
 
Originations
 
Servicing
 
Financing
 
Other/Eliminations
 
Consolidated
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net
$
22,487

 
$
572

 
$

 
$
63

 
$
23,122

Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation

 
(35,720
)
 

 

 
(35,720
)
Payoffs and principal amortization of mortgage servicing rights

 
(7,249
)
 

 

 
(7,249
)
Loan origination and other loan fees
4,131

 

 
325

 
6

 
4,462

Loan servicing fees

 
13,446

 

 

 
13,446

Interest and other income
4,900

 
105

 
1,898

 
12

 
6,915

Total revenues
31,518

 
(28,846
)
 
2,223

 
81

 
4,976

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries, commissions and benefits
14,585

 
1,753

 
471

 
6,417

 
23,226

General and administrative
2,704

 
479

 
155

 
3,676

 
7,014

Interest expense
4,225

 
1,077

 
776

 
1,171

 
7,249

Occupancy, equipment and communication
1,895

 
444

 
53

 
1,855

 
4,247

Depreciation and amortization expense
1,949

 
123

 
98

 
376

 
2,546

Corporate allocations
5,723

 
932

 
125

 
(6,780
)
 

Total expenses
31,081

 
4,808

 
1,678

 
6,715

 
44,282

Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes
$
437

 
$
(33,654
)
 
$
545

 
$
(6,634
)
 
$
(39,306
)

16. Subsequent Events

On April 27, 2017, at a Special Meeting of Stockholders of the Company, the Company’s stockholders approved all proposals relating to the pending Merger with Home Point Financial Corporation, including the proposal to adopt the Merger Agreement, as such agreement may be amended from time to time. Approval by the Company’s stockholders is a condition to closing of the Merger. The Merger remains subject to certain other customary approvals and is expected to close by the end of the second quarter of 2017.

26



On April 28, 2017, the Company completed a bulk sale of MSRs with an underlying unpaid principal balance of $1.2 billion in FNMA and FHLMC loans to Home Point Financial Corporation. This pool of MSRs had average mortgage interest rates that were lower than current mortgage rates, and did not include any GNMA MSRs, which have a different historical performance than FNMA and FHLMC MSRs.

 ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
(Dollars In Thousands, Except Per Share Data or As Otherwise Stated Herein)

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 and the MD&A included in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. This MD&A contains forward-looking statements that involve risk, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed in “Risk Factors” in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. As used in this discussion and analysis, unless the context otherwise requires or indicates, references to “the Company,” “our company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Stonegate Mortgage Corporation.
Performance Summary and Outlook
For additional information about our company and business operations, see the “Overview” section of the MD&A included in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following highlights our performance from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:

 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
Mortgage loan originations
$
1,511,223

 
$
1,941,469

 
$
(430,246
)
 
(22
)%
Gain on sale revenue
$
18,125

 
$
23,122

 
$
(4,997
)
 
(22
)%
Gain on sale revenue, bps1
120
 
119
 
1
 
1
 %
Total Expenses related to Originations segment, bps1
182
 
160
 
22
 
14
 %
Total Expenses related to Servicing segment, bps2
2
 
3
 
(1)
 
(33
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of
 
Change
 
March 31, 2017
 
March 31, 2016
 
$
 
%
Ending Mortgage Servicing Portfolio ("UPB")
$17,416,159
 
$18,067,777
 
$
(651,618
)
 
(4
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the Quarter Ended
 
Change
 
March 31, 2017
 
March 31, 2016
 
$
 
%
Average Mortgage Servicing Portfolio ("UPB")
$
16,914,103

 
$
17,882,329

 
$
(968,226
)
 
(5
)%
1Bps as a percentage of origination volume for applicable period.
2Bps as a percentage of our average servicing portfolio for applicable period.

Highlights of our financial and operating results from operations for the period ended March 31, 2017 (“Current Period”) as compared to March 31, 2016 (“Prior Period”) include the following. For additional discussion and analysis of these results, see “Results of Operations” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” included in this MDA:

Consolidated highlights
Net loss of $4,310 or $0.16 per diluted share, for the Current Period as compared to a net loss of $37,523, or $1.45 per diluted share, for the Prior Period
Maintained adequate liquidity position with cash and cash equivalents of $22,494 as of March 31, 2017 as compared to $26,258 as of December 31, 2016
Total assets decreased $145 million, or 12%, during the Current Period as compared to December 31, 2016. Total liabilities decreased $141 million, or 15%, during the Current Period as compared to December 31, 2016. Changes in the composition and balance of our assets and liabilities during the Current Period are attributable to lower volume of loans originated during the Current Period compared to the Prior Period.

Originations segment highlights
Pre-tax income (loss) of $(2,711) for the Current Period as compared to $437 for the Prior Period

27


Total originations of $1.51 billion during the Current Period as compared to $1.94 billion during the Prior Period
Total expenses during the Current Period down 12% from the Prior Period
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net during the Current Period were 118 bps of loan originations compared to 116 bps for the Prior Period. The increase in bps is attributable to higher cash gain on sale and higher MSR capitalization due to market conditions, mostly offset by negative economic hedge results related to the net volume change period over period of interest rate lock commitments and loans held for sale.

Servicing segment highlights
Pre-tax income (loss) of $3,000 for the Current Period as compared to $(33,654) for the Prior Period
Change in mortgage servicing rights valuation drove $34,491 of the $36,654 positive change in pre-tax income (loss)
Total expenses during the Current Period down 37% from the Prior Period
Servicing UPB of $17.4 billion with a weighted average coupon of 3.74% as of the Current Period as compared to $18.1 billion with a weighted average coupon of 4.01% as of the Prior Period

Financing segment highlights
Pre-tax income of $116 for the Current Period as compared to $545 for the Prior Period
Total funded loans of $771 million during the Current Period as compared to $882 million during the Prior Period
Interest and other income of $1,548 during the Current Period, a decrease of $350, or 18%, from the Prior Period
A decrease of 16% in total revenues, while increasing expenses by 4% during the Current Period as compared to the Prior Period

Proposed Merger with Home Point Financial Corporation
    
On January 26, 2017, the Company entered into the Merger Agreement with Home Point Financial and Merger Sub, pursuant to which Merger Sub will merge with and into the Company, with the Company as the surviving entity. Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, each outstanding share of our common stock (other than certain excluded shares) will be converted into the right to receive $8.00 in cash, without interest, less any applicable tax withholdings, which represents a per share premium of approximately 61% over our 90-day volume weighted average price on January 26, 2017 and 34% over our closing price per share on January 26, 2017.
    
The Company's Board of Directors unanimously approved the Merger following a comprehensive review of the transaction and strategic alternatives. On April 27, 2017, at a Special Meeting of Stockholders of the Company, the Company’s stockholders approved all proposals relating to the pending Merger, including the proposal to adopt the Merger Agreement, as such agreement may be amended from time to time. Approval by the Company’s stockholders is a condition to closing of the Merger. The Merger remains subject to certain other customary approvals and is expected to close by the end of the second quarter of 2017.

In connection with the Merger Agreement entered into by the Company on January 26, 2017, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted a Tax Asset Protection Plan (the “Plan”) with Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc., as Rights Agent. The Plan is designed to protect the Company's tax assets during the period prior to the closing of the Merger. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had approximately $183.0 million in net operating loss carryforwards for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Recent Developments and Significant Transactions
    
We continue to enter into strategic sale and financing arrangements and actively amend our existing arrangements to execute our liquidity and financing strategies. For additional discussion related to our MSR sales and amendments to our existing financing arrangements completed during 2017, please refer to Footnotes 10 “Debt” and 16 "Subsequent Events" included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


Market Considerations, Recent Industry Trends and Our Outlook

Mortgage Originations and Financing

28


    
Today’s U.S. residential mortgage loan origination sector primarily offers conventional agency and government conforming mortgage loans. Residential mortgage origination volume is impacted by changes in interest rates and housing market dynamics. Origination volume in 2015 was estimated at $1.72 trillion, according to the 2015 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) Data. An average of estimates from industry sources (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the Mortgage Bankers Association (“MBA”)) indicate that 2016 origination volume was $1.94 trillion, an increase of 13% over 2015, as the market continued to benefit from the low prevailing interest rates. Refinance volume was estimated at 47% of total origination volume in 2016.

First quarter 2017 origination volume was estimated at $349 billion, according to an average of estimates from industry sources, a decrease of 5% from the first quarter 2016 estimates. The 30-year fixed mortgage rates ended the quarter at 4.20%, according to Freddie Mac, resulting in strong industry-wide refinance volume. Interest rates trended upward throughout the first quarter, and peaked in mid-March. The 10-year treasury ended the quarter at 2.40%, down slightly from year-end 2016.
 
First quarter 2017 purchase-driven origination volume increased compared to prior year, despite persistently low homeownership rates relative to historical values. In the first quarter of 2017, the homeownership rate was 63.6% compared to a high of 69% in 2005. However, household formation continues to trend up as the younger generation “comes of age”; many of these potential first-time homebuyers could drive additional purchase demand in the future. A more robust purchase market helps alleviate the volatility of the mortgage market associated with refinance volume.

The U.S. residential mortgage industry continues to experience mixed trends in loan applications and activity in recent months. During the first quarter of 2017, the MBA Weekly Refinance Application Index decreased from 1449.4 on December 21, 2016 to 1327.1 on March 29, 2017. The MBA Weekly Purchase Application Index increased from 232.9 on December 21, 2016 to 238.1 on March 29, 2017. Applications serve as a leading indicator for mortgage originations as applications turn into originations within a couple months.

Reports issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the MBA indicate an average forecast of $1.57 trillion for 2017 origination volume, of which approximately 30% will result from refinance activity.

Finally, there continues to be changes in legislation and licensing in an effort to simplify and protect the consumer mortgage loan experience, which have required, and will continue to require, technological changes and additional implementation costs for mortgage loan originators. Specifically, ongoing compliance with the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act ("HMDA") and Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB"), and the implementation of new forms and related requirements to comply with the Truth In Lending Act ("TILA") and Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act ("RESPA") Integrated Disclosure rule ("TRID") has necessitated significant operational and technological expenses and changes for the entire mortgage origination industry, and for our mortgage origination business in particular. We expect legislative changes and enforcement of recently effective legislation will continue in the foreseeable future, which may increase related expenses for originators in the industry. For additional information, see the “Regulation” and "Risk Factors" sections of our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Mortgage Servicing

The mortgage servicing industry is impacted by borrower delinquencies and foreclosure activity, and servicers require a high level of expertise to comply with ongoing mortgage servicing reform and standardization of servicing and foreclosure practices within the industry. The modification of processes to adopt any new servicing or foreclosure standards may cause an increase in servicing costs for servicers in the industry. For additional information, see “Regulation” within Part I, Item 1 "Business" of our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In the past several years, the mortgage servicing industry has transformed in several ways, primarily as a result of the economic crisis. Regulatory and counterparty oversight has increased, which has led to increased servicing costs. According to Freddie Mac, between 2008 and 2013, the average cost to service a performing loan increased 2.6 times and the cost to service a nonperforming loan increased 4.9 times. Additionally, the cost to hold mortgage servicing right assets (“MSRs”) increased in the wake of new capital requirements for banks and increased regulatory scrutiny. These factors have led to an increase in special servicers focused on nonperforming loans, as well as industry deconsolidation, specifically as it pertains to nonbanks accounting for a larger share of servicing than in the past. Among the top 20 servicers in 2009, nonbanks accounted for 9% of the servicing. By the fourth quarter of 2016, that share had increased to 37%.

Interest Rate Impacts

29



An increase in interest rates generally could lead to the following, which may in the aggregate have an adverse effect on our results:

a reduction in origination volume and interest rate lock commitments;
a shift from loan refinancing volume to purchase loan volume;
a reduction in gains on mortgage loans held for sale due to a more competitive originations market;
an increase in net interest income from financing (assuming a steeper forward yield curve);
an increase in the value of mortgage servicing rights due to a decline in prepayment expectations; and
a decrease in actual prepayment speeds and activity, resulting in lower amortization expense.

Other Factors Influencing Our Results

Prepayment Speeds. A significant driver of our servicing business is prepayment speed, which is the measurement of how quickly unpaid principal balance on mortgage loans is reduced by borrower payments. Prepayment speeds, as reflected by the constant prepayment rate, vary according to interest rates, the type of loan, conditions in the housing and financial markets, competition, change in GSEs' fee structures and other factors, none of which can be predicted with any certainty. Prepayment speeds impact future servicing fees, value of MSRs, float income, interest expense on advances and interest expense. In general, when interest rates rise, it is relatively less attractive for borrowers to refinance their mortgage loans and, as a result, prepayment speeds tend to decrease. This can extend the period over which we earn servicing income but reduce the demand for new mortgage loans. When interest rates fall, prepayment speeds tend to increase, thereby decreasing the value of MSRs and shortening the period over which we earn servicing income but increasing the demand for new mortgage loans.

Changing Interest Rate Environment. Generally, when interest rates rise, the value of mortgage loans and interest rate lock commitments decrease while the value of hedging instruments related to such loans and commitments increases. When interest rates fall, the value of mortgage loans and interest rate lock commitments increases and the value of hedging instruments related to such loans and commitments decrease. Decreasing interest rates also precipitate increased loan refinancing activity by borrowers seeking to benefit from lower mortgage interest rates.

Risk Management Effectiveness-Credit Risk. We are subject to the risk of potential credit losses on all of the residential mortgage loans that we hold for sale or investment as well as for losses incurred by investors in mortgage loans that we sell to them as a result of breaches of representations and warranties we make as part of the loan sales. The representations and warranties require adherence to investor or guarantor origination and underwriting guidelines, including but not limited to the validity of the lien securing the loan, property eligibility, borrower credit, income and asset requirements, and compliance with applicable federal, state and local law. The level of mortgage loan repurchase losses is dependent on economic factors, investor repurchase demand strategies, and other external conditions that may change over the lives of the underlying loans.

Risk Management Effectiveness-Interest Rate Risk. Because changes in interest rates may significantly affect our activities, our operating results will depend, in large part, upon our ability to effectively manage interest rate risks and prepayment risks, including risk arising from the change in value of our inventory of mortgage loans held for sale and commitments to fund mortgage loans and related hedging derivative instruments, as well the effects of changes in interest rates on the value of our investment in MSRs. See “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” included in this MD&A for a discussion on the effects of changes in interest rates on the recorded value of our MSRs.

Liquidity. Our ability to operate profitably is dependent on both our access to capital to finance our assets and our ability to profitably sell and service mortgage loans. An important source of capital for the residential mortgage industry is warehouse financing facilities. These facilities provide funding to mortgage loan producers until the loans are sold to investors or securitized in the secondary mortgage loan market. Our ability to hold loans pending sale or securitization depends, in part, on the availability to us of adequate financing lines of credit at suitable interest rates. During any period in which a borrower is not making payments, if we own the MSRs then we may be required to advance our own funds to meet contractual principal and interest remittance requirements for investors and advance costs of protecting the property securing the investors’ loan and the investors’ interest in the property. The ability to obtain capital to finance our servicing advances influences our ability to profitably service delinquent loans. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information.

Servicing Effectiveness. Our servicing fee rates for loans serviced for non-affiliates are generally at specified servicing rates that do not change with a loan’s performance status. As a mortgage loan becomes delinquent and moves through the delinquency process to settlement through acquisition of the property or partial payoff, the loan requires greater effort on our part to service. Increased mortgage delinquencies, defaults and foreclosures will therefore result in a higher cost to service those loans due to the increased time and effort required to collect payments from delinquent borrowers. Therefore, how

30


effectively we are able to maintain the credit quality of our portfolio of serviced mortgage loans and service the mortgage loans where the borrower has defaulted influences the level of expenses that we incur in the mortgage loan servicing process.

Financial Condition Summary

Total assets decreased $145.0 million, or 12.3%, during the three months ended March 31, 2017. Total liabilities decreased $141.0 million, or 15.4%, during the three months ended March 31, 2017. Changes in the composition and balance of our assets and liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2017 are attributable to a decrease in our loans held for sale portfolio and related borrowings as well as lower derivative assets, partially offset by an increase in our MSRs portfolio since December 31, 2016.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Our results of operations discussed throughout this MD&A are determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). We also calculate adjusted net (loss) and adjusted diluted EPS (LPS) as performance measures, which are considered non-GAAP financial measures under Regulation G and Item 10(e) of Regulation S-K, to further aid our investors in understanding and analyzing our core operating results and comparing them among periods. Adjusted net (loss) and adjusted diluted EPS (LPS) exclude certain items that we do not consider part of our core operating results, including changes in valuation inputs and assumptions on our MSRs, stock-based compensation expenses, and other non-routine costs such as remaining operating lease expenses from closed retail branches. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for income (loss) before income taxes, net income (loss) or diluted EPS (LPS) prepared in accordance with GAAP.

In addition, adjusted income (loss) from continuing operations, net of tax has limitations as an analytical tool, including but not limited to the following:

adjusted net income does not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;
adjusted net income does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
adjusted net income does not reflect the cash requirements necessary to service principal payments related to the financing of the business; and
peer companies in our industry may calculate adjusted net income differently, thereby limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these and other limitations, adjusted income (loss), net of tax should not be considered solely as a measure of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. Adjusted income (loss), net of tax is a performance measure and is presented to provide additional information about our core operations.
The table below reconciles net (loss) to adjusted net (loss) and diluted (LPS) to adjusted diluted (LPS) (which are the most directly comparable GAAP measures) for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.

31


 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
Net (Loss)
$
(4,310
)
 
$
(37,523
)
 
$
33,213

 
(89
)%
Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation1
1,229

 
35,720

 
(34,491
)
 
(97
)%
Stock-based compensation expense
334

 
306

 
28

 
9
 %
Expenses related to Home Point acquisition
402

 

 
402

 
 %
Results from discontinued retail branches

 
64

 
(64
)
 
(100
)%
Tax effect of adjustments
(86
)
 
(1,635
)
 
1,549

 
(95
)%
Adjusted net (loss)
$
(2,431
)
 
$
(3,068
)
 
$
637

 
(21
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted (loss) per share
$
(0.16
)
 
$
(1.45
)
 
$
1.29

 
(89
)%
Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation
0.05

 
1.38

 
(1.33
)
 
(96
)%
Stock-based compensation expense
0.01

 
0.01

 

 
 %
Expenses related to Home Point acquisition
0.02

 

 
0.02

 
 %
Results from discontinued retail branches

 

 

 
 %
Tax effect of adjustments

 
(0.06
)
 
0.06

 
(100
)%
Adjusted diluted (loss) per share
$
(0.08
)
 
$
(0.12
)
 
$
0.04

 
(33
)%
1 Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation includes a realized gain of $21 and a realized loss of $105 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Adjusted net (loss) decreased $637, or 21%, during the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. Adjusted diluted LPS decreased $0.04, or 33%, during the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily attributable to an increase in income from our Servicing segment, adjusted for the Change in mortgage servicing rights valuation, due to lower prepayment speeds during the period and lower corporate expenses, partially offset by a reduction in our gain on sale due to lower originations volume.


Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2016


32


Our consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 are presented below.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net
$
18,125

 
$
23,122

 
$
(4,997
)
 
(22)%
Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation
(1,229
)
 
(35,720
)
 
34,491

 
(97)%
Payoffs and principal amortization of mortgage servicing rights
(5,508
)
 
(7,249
)
 
1,741

 
(24)%
Loan origination and other loan fees
3,412

 
4,462

 
(1,050
)
 
(24)%
Loan servicing fees
12,338

 
13,446

 
(1,108
)
 
(8)%
Interest and other income
5,457

 
6,915

 
(1,458
)
 
(21)%
Total revenues
32,595

 
4,976

 
27,619

 
555%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Salaries, commissions and benefits
19,790

 
23,226

 
(3,436
)
 
(15)%
General and administrative
6,312

 
7,014

 
(702
)
 
(10)%
Interest expense
4,553

 
7,249

 
(2,696
)
 
(37)%
Occupancy, equipment and communications
3,894

 
4,247

 
(353
)
 
(8)%
Depreciation and amortization expense
2,547

 
2,546

 
1

 
—%
Total expenses
37,096

 
44,282

 
(7,186
)
 
(16)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(Loss) before income taxes
(4,501
)
 
(39,306
)
 
34,805

 
(89)%
Income tax (benefit)
(191
)
 
(1,783
)
 
1,592

 
(89)%
Net (loss)
$
(4,310
)
 
$
(37,523
)
 
$
33,213

 
(89)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Weighted average diluted shares outstanding (in thousands)
26,149

 
25,804

 
345

 
1%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Basic (loss) per share:
$
(0.17
)
 
$
(1.45
)
 
$
1.28

 
(88)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted (loss) per share:
$
(0.16
)
 
$
(1.45
)
 
$
1.29

 
(89)%

Revenues
During the three months ended March 31, 2017, total revenues increased $27,619, or 555%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in revenues was predominantly the result of a lower negative change in the fair value of our MSRs for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, partially offset by a decrease in gains on mortgage loans held for sale.
Our gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net during the three months ended March 31, 2017 decreased $4,997, or 22%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to the 22% decrease in our originations volume from continuing operations. Our gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net during the three months ended March 31, 2017 were 120 basis points of loan originations compared to 119 basis points for the comparable period in 2016. The increased gain on sale in basis points was due primarily to an increase in capitalization of MSRs, partially offset by a lower interest rate lock volume resulting in negative economic hedge results, as further discussed in the Segment Results section.
The improvement in the fair value adjustment of our MSRs for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the same period last year was driven by the increase in interest rates and 10-year treasury rates year over year. Interest rates trended upward for the three months ended March 31, 2017 while interest rates declined substantially for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Increasing interest rates generally result in increased MSRs values, as the assumption for prepayment speeds of the underlying mortgage loans tends to decrease (mortgage loans prepay slower). The $1,229 negative change in mortgage servicing rights valuation during the three months ended March 31, 2017 was the result of a slight decline in 10-year treasury rates and a slight increase in estimated prepayments as of March 31, 2017 as compared to December 31, 2016.
The decrease in payoffs and principal amortization of our MSRs was driven primarily by the direction of market interest rates during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. The decrease in run-off and paid off loans correlates with a 43% decrease in related constant prepayment speeds during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Loan origination and other loan fees decreased primarily as a result of the decrease in the amount of loans originated during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016.

33


Loan servicing fees decreased primarily as a result of the decrease in our average servicing portfolio of $16.91 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to $17.88 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2016. Our loan servicing fees, as a percentage of our average servicing portfolio and annualized, was 29 bps for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to 30 bps for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
The decrease in interest and other income was primarily a result of the 22% decrease in mortgage loan originations during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, as there is a direct correlation between interest and other income and mortgage loan origination activity.
Expenses

Total expenses decreased $7,186, or 16%, for the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared to the same period ended March 31, 2016. Total expenses have decreased due to a 22% decrease in total originations and the related costs associated with lower originations and reductions in expense from a decrease in support staff.

With the expected compliance costs related to increased industry regulations, we plan to maximize our potential return by focusing on lowering expenses through continued investments in information technology and enhancing process efficiencies. We will invest in additional infrastructure to increase automation within our systems surrounding critical areas, particularly related to core operating systems, as well as corporate support areas.

Salaries, commissions and benefits expense decreased $3,436, or 15%, during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily as a result of decreased commission and incentive compensation expense related to the decline in origination volume and decreased salaries and payroll taxes due to reduced headcount. Our total headcount decreased from 869 employees at March 31, 2016 to 796 employees at March 31, 2017.

General and administrative expenses decreased $702 during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to decreased professional fees.
    
Interest expense decreased $2,696, or 37%, during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to decreased borrowings as a result of the decrease in the volume of mortgage loans originated and funded in the current period, partially offset by a higher cost of funds related to LIBOR based borrowings. We expect that interest expense will generally move in direct correlation to changes in our origination and servicing portfolio trends in future periods.

We reported an income tax benefit of $191 and $1,783 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, with an effective tax rate of 4.2% and 4.5%, respectively. We recorded an additional valuation allowance of $1,513 during the three month period ended March 31, 2017. Reversal of the valuation allowance is dependent on generating sufficient taxable income prior to expiration of the loss carryforwards, $206,392 of which were recorded at March 31, 2017. Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more likely more of the deferred tax asset will be realized. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced.



34


Originations
The following table sets forth the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 for our originations segment.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net
$
17,902

 
$
22,487

 
$
(4,585
)
 
(20)%
Loan origination and other loan fees
3,094

 
4,131

 
(1,037
)
 
(25)%
Interest and other income
3,746

 
4,900

 
(1,154
)
 
(24)%
Total revenues
24,742

 
31,518

 
(6,776
)
 
(21)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries, commissions and benefits
11,989

 
14,585

 
(2,596
)
 
(18)%
General and administrative expense
2,587

 
2,704

 
(117
)
 
(4)%
Interest expense
3,586

 
4,225

 
(639
)
 
(15)%
Occupancy, equipment and communications
1,753

 
1,895

 
(142
)
 
(7)%
Depreciation and amortization expense
1,950

 
1,949

 
1

 
—%
Corporate allocations
5,588

 
5,723

 
(135
)
 
(2)%
Total expenses
27,453

 
31,081

 
(3,628
)
 
(12)%
Income (loss) before taxes
$
(2,711
)
 
$
437

 
$
(3,148
)
 
(720)%
The Originations segment reported income (loss) before taxes of $(2,711) and $437 during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. This decrease was the result of a decline in all Originations revenues primarily due to lower gain on sale of loans as mortgage loan originations decreased 22% period over period. This decline was partially offset by decreased expenses of $3,628 primarily due to reduced salaries, commissions and benefits from the decline in volume of originations and reduced staffing in support areas.
Origination segment revenues
Gains on Mortgage Loans Held for Sale, Net
Our gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net during the three months ended March 31, 2017 decreased $4,585, or 20%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016 primarily due to the 22% decrease in our originations volume and reduced rate lock volume. Our gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net during both the three months ended March 31, 2017 were 118 bps of loan originations compared to 116 bps for the comparable period in 2016. The increased gain on sale in basis points was due primarily to an increase in MSR capitalization and gains on pair-offs, partially offset by lower interest rate lock volume resulting in negative economic hedge results. Gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net consisted of the following components for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:

 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
Variance
 
$
 
bps2
 
$
 
bps2
 
 
Realized gains on sales of loans
$
4,563

 
30

 
$
(185
)
 
(1
)
 
$
4,748

Capitalized servicing rights
20,930

 
138

 
21,146

 
109

 
(216
)
Economic hedge results
(5,166
)
 
(34
)
 
4,588

 
24

 
(9,754
)
Provision for repurchases
(392
)
 
(3
)
 
(565
)
 
(3
)
 
173

Direct loan origination costs1
(2,033
)
 
(13
)
 
(2,497
)
 
(13
)
 
464

Gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net
$
17,902

 
118

 
$
22,487

 
116

 
$
(4,585
)
1 Includes costs directly related to specified activities performed for a particular loan to facilitate the sale of such loan and the creation of the capitalized servicing right.
2 Shown as a percentage of originations.

The components of Gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net are described below.

Realized gains on sales of loans - Realized gains on sales of loans represent the difference between the actual sales proceeds received upon sale of the loans and Stonegate’s cost basis in acquiring/producing those loans, including loan discount fees, lender credits, yield spread premiums and servicing release premiums paid to correspondents. These items represent the components that factor into the pricing of the loans to our borrowers and represent the core “margin” elements of the loan sales.

35


The increase in our realized gains on sales of loans during the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared to the comparable period in 2016, was primarily due to gains on pair-offs which are attributable to improvements in the current rate environment, partially offset by loan level pricing adjustments.
Capitalized servicing rights - An originated mortgage loan inherently includes both the value of the coupon to the borrower as well as the servicing fee component to compensate the servicer for its activities. A key element of Stonegate’s strategy is to retain the servicing of its loans upon sale to investors in order to take advantage of the value of the servicing component. When Stonegate sells its loans “servicing retained”, a contractual separation of the servicing component occurs from the underlying mortgage loan. This results in the creation of a MSRs asset. As such, a component of the gain on mortgage loans held for sale is attributable to the creation of this MSRs asset and is based on the fair value of such MSRs asset at the time of its creation (i.e., upon separation from the underlying loan during the loan sale). The Company utilizes a third-party analytic tool to derive/estimate this initial MSRs fair value at the time of sale. The decrease in our capitalized servicing rights component for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, relates to a decrease in the volume of loans sold, partially offset by an increase in the rate at which we capitalize these servicing rights at the time of separation from the underlying loan during the loan sale, which represents the initial fair value of the MSRs at the time of sale. A decrease in the volume of loans sold results in a lower level of MSRs asset creation. The rate at which we capitalize these servicing rights increased based on improvements in the current rate environment.
Economic hedge results - Unrealized gains/losses on loans not yet sold and accounted for under the fair value option are included as a component of Gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net. This includes the impact of recording such loans at fair value and the change from period to period based on market conditions. In addition, the change in value of Stonegate’s IRLCs and other loan-related derivatives are recorded in this financial statement line item. The Company also enters into forward sales of MBS securities linked to security issuances of GSEs (FNMA, FHLMC) and GNMA for economic hedging purposes, as these instruments have similar characteristics to the loans held for sale by Stonegate which are also included here. The decrease in our economic hedge results for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily relates to losses attributable to pair-offs and unfavorable changes in the fair values of our IRLCs.

Provision for repurchase/indemnification obligation - Stonegate makes certain representations and warranties to its investors and insurers on all loans sold. In the event of a breach of these reps and warranties, the Company may incur losses and/or be required to repurchase loans from the investor. A provision is made at the time of sale for an estimate of such expected losses, the amount of which is offset against this gain line item. We expect that the provision for mortgage repurchases and indemnifications may increase in relation to the expected growth in our originations; however, changing market conditions will also influence any trends in our provision. As stated above, the decline in the provision for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016 is related to the decline in volume of loans originated and subsequently sold.

Direct loan origination costs - Stonegate offsets its gains/losses on mortgage loans held for sale, as described by the various categories above, with certain direct loan origination costs. These direct costs primarily relate to the following two circumstances:
i)
Costs directly associated with the origination of the mortgage loans that are paid to/incurred with a third party and are largely mandated by the investors as requirements for the loans to be sold. Such costs include net appraisal fees, credit report fees, document preparation and imaging, risk management and loan file review and certain FNMA/FHLMC/GNMA specific fees.
ii)
Costs directly associated with the contractual creation of the separate servicing component of the loans upon sale to the investors on a “servicing retained” basis. Such costs include the one-time upfront setup fees for life of loan tax services (including tracking and paying of tax payments to jurisdictions), fees paid to an outsource provider for valuation of initial MSRs created upon sale of the loan, and upfront recording fees at initial servicing setup.
    
The decrease in direct loan origination costs for the for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, relates to the decrease in mortgage loan origination volume.

Loan Origination and Other Loan Fees
Our loan origination and other loan fees during the three months ended March 31, 2017 decreased $1,037, or 25%, compared to the comparable period in 2016. Loan origination and other loan fees decreased primarily as a result of the decrease in the amount of loans originated during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016.

    The following table illustrates mortgage loan originations by type for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:

36


 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
% Total
 
$
 
% Total
Conventional
$
594,750

 
39
%
 
$
763,099

 
39
%
Government insured
881,861

 
59
%
 
1,138,733

 
59
%
Non-agency/Other
34,612

 
2
%
 
39,637

 
2
%
Total mortgage loan originations
$
1,511,223

 
100
%
 
$
1,941,469

 
100
%
The following is a summary of mortgage loan origination volume by channel for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
# of Loans
 
$
 
% Total
 
# of Loans
 
$
 
% Total
Retail
719

 
$
155,042

 
10
%
 
1,024

 
$
215,308

 
11
%
Wholesale
1,450

 
382,411

 
25
%
 
1,515

 
428,050

 
22
%
Correspondent
4,089

 
973,770

 
65
%
 
6,120

 
1,298,111

 
67
%
Total mortgage loan originations
6,258

 
$
1,511,223

 
100
%
 
8,659

 
$
1,941,469

 
100
%
We seek to manage asset quality and control credit risk by diversifying our loan portfolio and by applying policies designed to promote sound underwriting and loan monitoring practices. We perform various levels of analysis in order to monitor the overall risk profile of our mortgage originations and servicing portfolio. This analysis includes review of the LTV, FICO scores, delinquencies, defaults and historical loan losses. Monthly risk meetings are conducted where portfolio risk analysis, such as FICO and LTV combination migration, is studied to ensure that the population distributions are in accordance with acceptable risk parameters. In addition, default activity is evaluated in the context of credit spectrum to identify any emerging credit quality trends.
 A summary of the mortgage loan origination volume by FICO score and LTV for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
 
LTV Range
 
<70%
 
70%-80%
 
81%-90%
 
91%-100%
 
>100%
 
Total
 
% Total
FICO Score
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<620
$
961

 
$
878

 
$
1,193

 
$
1,718

 
$
182

 
$
4,932

 
%
620-680
25,890

 
49,653

 
66,853

 
293,954

 
3,444

 
439,794

 
29
%
681-719
38,443

 
58,604

 
49,627

 
174,227

 
2,471

 
323,372

 
21
%
>719
157,752

 
214,198

 
106,984

 
259,195

 
4,996

 
743,125

 
50
%
Total mortgage loan originations
$
223,046

 
$
323,333

 
$
224,657

 
$
729,094

 
$
11,093

 
$
1,511,223

 
100
%
% Total
15
%
 
21
%
 
15
%
 
48
%
 
1
%
 
100
%
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
 
LTV Range 
 
<70% 
 
70%-80%
 
81%-90%
 
91%-100%
 
>100% 
 
Total
 
% Total
FICO Score
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<620
$
524

 
$
1,768

 
$
4,359

 
$
21,035

 
$
904

 
$
28,590

 
1
%
620-680
28,191

 
62,797

 
77,307

 
387,246

 
6,190

 
561,731

 
29
%
681-719
36,991

 
66,853

 
69,375

 
238,806

 
1,874

 
413,899

 
21
%
>719
199,161

 
274,137

 
133,899

 
323,051

 
7,001

 
937,249

 
49
%
Total mortgage loan originations
$
264,867

 
$
405,555

 
$
284,940

 
$
970,138

 
$
15,969

 
$
1,941,469

 
100
%
% Total
14
%
 
21
%
 
15
%
 
49
%
 
1
%
 
100
%
 
 

Interest and Other Income
Interest and other income related to our Originations segment decreased $1,154, or 24%, during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. The decrease in interest and other income was primarily a result of less origination volume which was partially offset by higher average coupon rates. There is a direct correlation between interest and other income and mortgage loan origination.

37



Origination segment expenses

Salaries, Commissions and Benefits Expense
Salaries, commissions and benefits expense related to our Originations segment decreased $2,596, or 18%, during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. This decrease was primarily a result of decreased commissions and incentives related to the decreased volume of originations, and reduced salaries and related benefit costs due to the reduction of revenue-producing and support positions. Headcount related to our Originations segment decreased from 541 employees at March 31, 2016 to 501 employees at March 31, 2017.

Interest Expense
Interest expense related to our Originations segment decreased $639, or 15%, primarily due to the decrease in the volume of mortgage loans originated in the current period.

Servicing

The following table sets forth the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 for our servicing segment.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net
$
251

 
$
572

 
$
(321
)
 
56%
Changes in mortgage servicing rights valuation
(1,229
)
 
(35,720
)
 
34,491

 
97%
Payoffs and principal amortization of mortgage servicing rights
(5,508
)
 
(7,249
)
 
1,741

 
24%
Loan servicing fees
12,338

 
13,446

 
(1,108
)
 
(8)%
Interest and other income
163

 
105

 
58

 
55%
Total revenues
6,015

 
(28,846
)
 
34,861

 
121%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries, commissions and benefits
1,513

 
1,753

 
(240
)
 
(14)%
General and administrative expense
775

 
479

 
296

 
62%
Interest expense
(670
)
 
1,077

 
(1,747
)
 
(162)%
Occupancy, equipment and communications
392

 
444

 
(52
)
 
(12)%
Depreciation and amortization expense
160

 
123

 
37

 
30%
Corporate allocations
845

 
932

 
(87
)
 
(9)%
Total expenses
3,015

 
4,808

 
(1,793
)
 
(37)%
Income (Loss) before taxes
$
3,000

 
$
(33,654
)
 
$
36,654

 
109%

The Servicing segment reported income (loss) before taxes of $3,000 and $(33,654) during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, due primarily to a smaller decline in the value of our MSRs during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the same period last year.

The following is a summary of certain metrics specific to the Servicing segment as of March 31, 2017 and 2016:
 
As of March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Servicing Portfolio UPB
$
17,416,159

 
$
18,067,777

Number of Loans Serviced (units)
88,691

 
93,449

Weighted Average Coupon
3.74
%
 
4.01
%
Weighted Average Age (in months)
18

 
17

90+ day Delinquency Rate
0.80
%
 
0.48
%
Weighted Average FICO score
722

 
725

Weighted Average Servicing Fee (in basis points)
30

 
30

Capitalized Loan Servicing Portfolio
$
225,704

 
$
171,676

Capitalized Servicing Rate1
1.30
%
 
0.95
%
Capitalized Servicing Multiple
4.27

 
3.26


38


1Represents MSR value divided by ending UPB servicing portfolio.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Gross Constant Prepayment Rate1
7.83
%
 
13.59
%
Adjusted Constant Prepayment Rate2
6.73
%
 
11.86
%
Average Total Loan Servicing Portfolio
$
16,914,103

 
$
17,882,329

Average Capitalized Loan Servicing Portfolio
$
219,574

 
$
177,751

Payoffs and Principal Curtailments of Capitalized Portfolio
$
342,881

 
$
658,615

Sales of Capitalized Portfolio
$

 
$
532,448

1Represents the rate at which a pool of mortgage loans' remaining balance is prepaid each month. The rate is calculated on an annualized basis and expressed as a percentage of the outstanding principal balance.
2Represents the constant prepayment rate, reduced by the amount of the prepaid mortgage loans recaptured by our origination channels. The rate then expresses that percentage of the "net prepaid loans" as an annualized percentage of the period beginning outstanding principal balance.

Servicing segment revenues

Changes in Mortgage Servicing Rights Valuation
The improvement in the fair value adjustment of our MSRs during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the same period last year was driven primarily by the increase in interest rates and 10-year treasury rates year over year. Interest rates trended upward for the three months ended March 31, 2017 while interest rates declined substantially for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Increasing interest rates generally result in increased MSRs values as the assumption for prepayment speeds of the underlying mortgage loans tends to decrease (mortgage loans prepay slower).  The $1,229 negative change in mortgage servicing rights valuation during the three months ended March 31, 2017 was the result of a slight decline in 10-year treasury rates and a slight increase in estimated prepayments as of March 31, 2017 as compared to December 31, 2016. The key assumptions used in the estimation of the fair value of MSRs include prepayment speeds, discount rates, default rates, cost to service, contractual servicing fees, escrow earnings and ancillary income. The shape of the forward yield curve also has an impact on the asset valuation. We believe that the use of the forward yield curve better presents fair value of MSRs because the forward yield curve is the market’s expectation of future interest rates based on its expectation of inflation and other economic conditions.

The spread between the weighted average coupon and current market rates determines modeled prepayment speed. There were MSR sales during 2016, which changed the mix and characteristics of the overall portfolio.  The combination of these factors decreased current prepayment estimates as the weighted average coupon was less than current market rates. Please see our disclosures in the "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis for further details on how interest rate fluctuations impact our MSRs valuation and the sensitivity of the yield curve.

Payoffs and Principal Amortization of Mortgage Servicing Rights Portfolio
During the three months ended March 31, 2017, this amount was $5,508, compared to $7,249, or a decline of 24% during the current period.  The decrease in run-off and paid off loans correlates with a 43% decrease in constant prepayment speeds and a 5% decrease in our average servicing portfolio during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the same period last year.

Loan Servicing Fees
The following is a summary of loan servicing fee income by component for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Contractual servicing fees
$
11,708

 
$
12,705

Late fees
630

 
741

Loan servicing fees
$
12,338

 
$
13,446

 
 
 
 
Servicing fees as a percentage of average portfolio (annualized)
0.29
%
 
0.30
%
Our loan servicing fees decreased to $12,338 during the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $13,446 during the three months ended March 31, 2016. The 8% decrease in our loan servicing fees was primarily the result of our lower

39


average servicing portfolio of $16.91 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to the average servicing portfolio of $17.88 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2016. Our loan servicing fees, as a percentage of our average servicing portfolio and annualized, were 29 bps for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to 30 bps for the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Servicing segment expenses

Salaries, Commissions and Benefits Expense
Salaries, commissions and benefits expense related to our Servicing segment decreased $240, or 14%, during the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily as a result of reduced costs related to a reduction in staffing due to our lower average servicing portfolio. Headcount related to our Servicing segment was 95 employees at March 31, 2016 and 81 employees at March 31, 2017.

Interest Expense
Interest expense related to our Servicing segment decreased $1,747 during the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to a decrease in short term interest expense payments made to security holders in the current period.

Financing
The following table sets forth the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 for our financing segment.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan origination and other loan fees
$
318

 
$
325

 
$
(7
)
 
(2)%
Interest and other income
1,548

 
1,898

 
(350
)
 
(18)%
Total revenues
1,866

 
2,223

 
(357
)
 
(16)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries, commissions and benefits
455

 
471

 
(16
)
 
(3)%
General and administrative expense
234

 
155

 
79

 
51%
Interest expense
719

 
776

 
(57
)
 
(7)%
Occupancy, equipment and communications
77

 
53

 
24

 
45%
Depreciation and amortization expense
109

 
98

 
11

 
11%
Corporate allocations
156

 
125

 
31

 
25%
Total expenses
1,750

 
1,678

 
72

 
4%
Income (loss) before taxes
$
116

 
$
545

 
$
(429
)
 
(79)%
The Financing segment provides warehouse lending activities to correspondent customers through our NattyMac subsidiary. The Financing segment reported income before taxes of $116 and $545 during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The lower income in the current period is primarily due to decreased interest and other income resulting from a lower volume of warehouse loan originations. Originations funded by our NattyMac subsidiary declined to $771 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $882 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Financing segment revenues
Total revenues related to our Financing segment decreased $357 during the period ended March 31, 2017 compared to the period ended March 31, 2016, due to a decrease in our warehouse lending activity as there is a direct correlation between interest and other income and warehouse loan origination activity.
Financing segment expenses
Total expenses related to our Financing segment increased $72 during the period ended March 31, 2017 compared to the period ended March 31, 2016, due to an increase in bad debt expense.

Other/Eliminations
    
The following table sets forth the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 for Other/Eliminations.


40


 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains on mortgage loans held for sale, net
$
(28
)
 
$
63

 
$
(91
)
 
(144)%
Loan origination and other loan fees

 
6

 
(6
)
 
100%
Interest and other income

 
12

 
(12
)
 
(100)%
Total revenues
(28
)
 
81

 
(109
)
 
(135)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries, commissions and benefits
5,833

 
6,417

 
(584
)
 
(9)%
General and administrative expense
2,716

 
3,676

 
(960
)
 
(26)%
Interest expense
918

 
1,171

 
(253
)
 
(22)%
Occupancy, equipment and communications
1,672

 
1,855

 
(183
)
 
(10)%
Depreciation and amortization expense
328

 
376

 
(48
)
 
(13)%
Corporate allocations
(6,589
)
 
(6,780
)
 
191

 
3%
Total expenses
4,878

 
6,715

 
(1,837
)
 
(27)%
(Loss) before taxes
$
(4,906
)
 
$
(6,634
)
 
$
1,728

 
26%

Other/Eliminations includes eliminations and certain corporate income and expenses not allocated to the three reportable segments, such as those related to our accounting, executive administration, finance, internal audit, investor relations and legal departments. The loss before taxes declined to $4,906 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to $6,634 for the three months ended March 31, 2016, due primarily to lower salaries, commissions, benefits, general and administrative expenses. Headcount related to Other decreased to 192 employees at March 31, 2017 from 221 employees at March 31, 2016.

Regulation

Since the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act in 2010, the U.S. financial services industry has been subject to a significant increase in regulation and regulatory oversight initiatives. This increased regulation and oversight has substantially changed how residential mortgage loan originators and servicers conduct business and has increased their regulatory compliance costs. In particular, on August 1, 2014 the CFPB promulgated the TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure rule that integrates the mortgage loan disclosures required under TILA and sections 4 and 5 of RESPA. The TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure rule contains new requirements and two new disclosure forms that borrowers will receive in the process of applying for and consummating a mortgage loan. The implementation of these new forms and related requirements has necessitated significant operational and technological expenses and changes for the entire mortgage origination industry, and for our mortgage origination business in particular. The rule became effective October 3, 2015.

For a discussion of the significant regulations and regulatory oversight initiatives that have affected or may affect our business, we refer you to the “Regulation” and “Risk Factors” sections of our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Policies
Our financial accounting and reporting policies are in accordance with GAAP. Some of these accounting policies require us to make estimates and judgments about matters that are uncertain. The application of assumptions could have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Critical accounting policies and related assumptions, estimates and disclosures are determined by management and reviewed periodically with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. We believe that the judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are appropriate given the factual circumstances at the time. We consider some of our most important accounting policies that require estimates and management judgment to be those policies with respect to reserves for loan repurchases and indemnifications, fair value of financial instruments, MSRs, derivative financial instruments, mortgage loans held for sale, business combinations (including accounting for goodwill and intangible assets) and income taxes. For additional information regarding these significant accounting policies, refer to Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies,” to our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016, included in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Developments

During 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)", which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. During 2015, the FASB voted to

41


delay the effective date one year. ASU 2014-09 is now effective for annual and interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, though companies have an option of adopting the standard for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. During 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations", ASU 2016-10, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing" and ASU 2016-12, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients". The amendments in ASU's 2016-08, 2016-10, 2016-12 and 2016-20 do not change the core principle of ASU 2014-09 but instead clarify the implementation guidance on principle versus agent considerations, identify performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance, and provide narrow-scope improvements, respectively. ASU 2014-09 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP and may be adopted using a retrospective, modified retrospective or prospective with a cumulative catch-up approach. We do not expect the adoption of the new guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

ASU No. 2016-01 "Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities" was issued in January 2016. The amendments in this update require an entity to: (i) measure equity investments at fair value through net income, with certain exceptions; (ii) present in other comprehensive income the changes in instrument-specific credit risk for financial liabilities measured using the fair value option; (iii) present financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset; (iv) calculate the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes based on an exit price and; (v) assess a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets related to unrealized losses of available for sale debt securities in combination with other deferred tax assets. The update provides an election to subsequently measure certain non-marketable equity investments at cost less any impairment and adjusted for certain observable price changes. The update also requires a qualitative impairment assessment of such equity investments and amends certain fair value disclosure requirements. The new guidance will be effective for us beginning on January 1, 2018. We do not expect the adoption of the new guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" was issued in February 2016. This update amends various aspects of existing guidance for leases and requires additional disclosures about leasing arrangements. It will require companies to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. Topic 842 retains a distinction between finance leases and operating leases. The classification criteria for distinguishing between finance leases and operating leases are substantially similar to the classification criteria for distinguishing between capital leases and operating leases in the previous leases guidance. The new guidance will be effective for us beginning on January 1, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact of the adoption of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" was issued June 2016. This update is to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit. The amendments replace the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with one that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of information to estimate credit losses. Previously, when credit losses were measured under GAAP, an entity generally only considered past events and current conditions in measuring the incurred loss. The new guidance will be effective for us beginning on January 1, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact of the adoption of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,” was issued in August 2016. The amendments in this update clarify how companies present and classify certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows. The new guidance will be effective for us beginning on January 1, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact of the adoption of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-16, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory" was issued in October 2016. This update requires entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transaction occurs as opposed to deferring tax consequences and amortizing them into future periods. The new guidance will be effective for us beginning on January 1, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. A modified retrospective approach with a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings at the beginning of the period of adoption is required. We do not expect the adoption of the new guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flow (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)" was issued in November 2016. The amendments in this update require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included

42


with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this update do not provide a definition of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. We had restricted cash in the amount of $2,776 as of March 31, 2017. The new guidance will be effective for us beginning on January 1, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact of the adoption of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2017-01, "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business" was issued in January 2017. The amendments in this Update provide a screen to determine when an integrated set of assets and activities (a "set") is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further evaluated. The new guidance will be effective for us beginning on January 1, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact of the adoption of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment" was issued in January 2017. The amendments in this Update will simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill and eliminated Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The new guidance will be effective for us beginning on January 1, 2020 and early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact of the adoption of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview

Liquidity measures our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including the funding of servicing advances, the payment of operating expenses, the originations of loans and the repayment of borrowings.

Our primary sources of funds for liquidity include: (i) secured borrowings in the form of repurchase facilities and participation agreements with major financial institutions, as well as our warehouse lines of credit and operating lines of credit, (ii) secured borrowings secured by MSRs (iii) equity offerings, (iv) servicing fees and ancillary fees, (v) payments received from sales or securitizations of loans, (vi) payments received from mortgage loans held for sale, and (vii) sale of MSRs. Our primary uses of funds for liquidity include: (i) originations of loans, (ii) originations of warehouse lines of credit, (iii) funding of servicing advances, (iv) payment of interest expenses, (v) payment of operating expenses, (vi) repayment of borrowings, (vii) investment in subordinated debt, and (viii) payments for acquisitions of MSRs.

Our financing strategy primarily consists of entering into various mortgage funding arrangements with major financial institutions, as well as regional banks. We believe this provides us with a stable, low-cost, diversified source of funds to finance our business.

The mortgage funding and operating lines of credit agreements contain covenants which include certain customary financial requirements, including maintenance of minimum tangible net worth, maximum debt to tangible net worth ratio, minimum liquidity, minimum current ratio, minimum profitability and limitations on additional debt and transactions with affiliates, as defined in the respective agreement. As of March 31, 2017, we were in compliance with the covenants contained in these agreements. We intend to renew the mortgage funding arrangements when they mature and has no reason to believe the Company will be unable to do so.

With a viable and growing market for the sale of servicing, we see no material negative trends that we believe would affect our access to long-term or short-term borrowings to maintain our current operations, or that would inhibit our ability to fund operations and capital commitments for the next 12 months.
Our servicing agreements impose on us various rights and obligations that affect our liquidity. Among the most significant of these obligations is the requirement that we advance our own funds to meet contractual principal and interest payments for certain investors and to pay taxes, insurance, foreclosure costs and various other items that are required to preserve the assets being serviced. Delinquency rates and prepayment speed affect the size of servicing advance balances. These advances are typically recovered upon weekly or monthly reimbursements or from sale in the market.
We finance these advances using cash on hand. We are not currently anticipating that the servicing advance asset will grow in the near future beyond our capacity of financing the asset using available cash. If the servicing advances become a sizable asset on our balance sheet, we will negotiate a servicing advance facility with one or more of our financial partners, which we believe to be readily available in the market.

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Cash Flows
Our unrestricted cash balance decreased from $26,258 at December 31, 2016 to $22,494 at March 31, 2017. The following discussion summarizes the changes in our unrestricted cash balance for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:
Operating Activities
Our operating activities provided $124,223 and used $45,759 of cash flow for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase in cash from operating activities was primarily due to timing of cash payments received to fund and originate loans compared to the payments we receive from sales of the loans to our investors during the period.
Investing Activities
Our investing activities provided $1,255 and $4,745 of cash flow for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decrease in cash from investing activities was primarily due to lower cash proceeds from the sale of mortgage servicing rights during the current year.
Financing Activities
Our financing activities used $129,242 and provided $38,017 of cash flow for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decrease in cash from financing activities was primarily due to the timing of borrowings versus repayments under our various mortgage funding arrangements. The timing of our borrowings and repayments fluctuates based on the needs of our operations.


Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk is defined as the sensitivity of income, fair value measurements and capital to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and other relevant market rates or prices. The primary market risks that we are exposed to are interest rate risks and the price risk associated with changes in interest rates. Interest rate risk is defined as risk to current or anticipated earnings or capital arising from movements in interest rates. Price risk is defined as the risk to current or anticipated earnings or capital arising from changes in the value of either assets or liabilities that are entered into as part of distributing or managing risk.
Our interest rate risk and price risk arise from the financial instruments and positions we hold. This includes mortgage loans held for sale, mortgage servicing rights, and derivative financial instruments. Due to the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign currency exchange or commodity price risk.
These risks are managed as part of our overall monitoring of liquidity, which includes regular meetings of a group of executive managers that identify and manage the sensitivity of earnings or capital to changing interest rates to achieve our overall financial objectives. The members of this group include the Chief Financial Officer, acting as the chair, the EVP of Capital Markets and other members of management as deemed necessary. The group is responsible for:

meeting day-to-day cash outflows primarily in the settlement of margin requests from trading counterparties, operating expenses, planned capital expenditures and customer demand for loans;
ensuring sufficient sources of liquidity exist to cover commitments to originate or purchase mortgage loans, warehouse lines of credit or other credit commitments;
funding asset growth in a cost efficient manner;
controlling concentration of exposure to any financing source;
minimizing the impact of market disruptions should adverse events occur which erode Stonegate's ability to fund itself; and
surviving a major financial crisis which might result in a funding crisis.

44


Credit Risk
We have exposure to credit loss in the event of contractual non-performance by our trading counterparties and counterparties to the over-the-counter derivative financial instruments that we use in our interest rate risk management activities. We manage this credit risk by selecting only counterparties that we believe to be financially strong, spreading the credit risk among many such counterparties, by placing contractual limits on the amount of unsecured credit extended to any single counterparty and by entering into netting agreements with the counterparties, as appropriate. For additional information, refer to Note 4 “Derivative Financial Instruments” to the unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
We have exposure to credit losses on residential mortgage loans that we hold for sale or investment as well as for losses incurred by investors in mortgage loans that we sell to them as a result of breaches of representations and warranties we make as part of the loan sales. The representations and warranties require adherence to investor or guarantor origination and underwriting guidelines, including but not limited to the validity of the lien securing the loan, property eligibility, borrower credit, income and asset requirements, and compliance with applicable federal, state and local law. The level of mortgage loan repurchase losses is dependent on economic factors, investor repurchase demand strategies, and other external conditions that may change over the lives of the underlying loans.
We also have exposure to credit loss in the event of non-repayment of amounts funded to correspondent customers through our NattyMac financing facility, though this has been somewhat mitigated by our transfer of participation interests in certain warehouse lines of credit, and related risks, to NMF. We also bear the risk of loss on any loans funded in NMF, up to the amount of our investment in the subordinated debt of Merchants Bancorp. We manage this credit risk by performing due diligence and underwriting analysis on the correspondent customers prior to lending. Each counterparty is evaluated according to the underwriting guidelines as documented in the NattyMac Warehouse Underwriting Guidelines as required by the NattyMac Warehouse Credit Policy. In addition, the correspondent customers pledge, as security to the Company, the underlying mortgage loans. We periodically review the warehouse lending receivables for collectability based on historical collection trends and management judgment regarding the ability to collect specific accounts.

We have exposure related to servicing advances made in accordance with the servicing agreements which are recoverable upon collection of future borrower payments or foreclosure of the underlying loans. Our exposure to credit losses is
only to the extent that the respective servicing guidelines are not followed or in the event there is a shortfall in liquidation
proceeds and records a reserve against the advances when it is probable that the servicing advance will be uncollectible. In
certain circumstances, we may be required to remit funds on a non-recoverable basis, which are expensed as incurred. We
periodically review our servicing advances for collectability based on historical trends and management judgment regarding the
ability to collect specific accounts.
Interest Rate Risk
Our principal market exposure is to interest rate risk, specifically long-term Treasury, LIBOR, and mortgage interest rates due to their impact on mortgage-related assets and commitments. Additionally, our escrow earnings on our mortgage servicing rights are sensitive to changes in short-term interest rates such as LIBOR. We also are exposed to changes in short-term interest rates on certain variable rate borrowings, primarily our mortgage warehouse lines of credit and our MSRs borrowing facilities. We anticipate that such interest rates will remain our primary benchmark for market risk for the foreseeable future.
Our business is subject to variability in results of operations in both the mortgage origination and mortgage servicing activities due to fluctuations in interest rates. In a declining interest rate environment, we would expect our mortgage production activities’ results of operations to be positively impacted by higher loan origination volumes and gain on sale margins. In contrast, we would expect the results of operations of our mortgage servicing activities to decline due to higher actual and projected loan prepayments related to our loan servicing portfolio. In a rising interest rate environment, we would expect a negative impact on the results of operations of our mortgage production activities and our mortgage servicing activities’ results of operations to be positively impacted. The interaction between the results of operations of our mortgage activities is a core component of our overall interest rate risk strategy.
Our mortgage funding arrangements (mortgage participation agreements and warehouse lines of credit) carry variable rates. As of March 31, 2017, approximately $251,560, or 42%, of our total $602,430 in outstanding adjustable rate mortgage funding arrangements had interest rates that were equal to the underlying mortgage loans. The remaining 58% of the adjustable rate mortgage funding arrangements carried a weighted average interest rate of 3.56%, which was well below the weighted average interest rate on the related mortgage loans held for sale as of March 31, 2017. In addition, mortgage loans held for sale are carried on our balance sheet on average for only 18 to 25 days after closing and prior to transfer to FNMA, FHLMC or into pools of GNMA MBS. As a result, we believe that any negative impact related to our variable rate mortgage

45


funding arrangements resulting from a shift in market interest rates would not be material to our consolidated financial statements as of or for the three months ended March 31, 2017.
Interest rate lock commitments represent an agreement to extend credit to a mortgage loan applicant, or an agreement to purchase a loan from a third-party originator, whereby the interest rate on the loan is set prior to funding. Our mortgage loans held for sale, which are held in inventory awaiting sale into the secondary market, and our interest rate lock commitments, are subject to changes in mortgage interest rates from the date of the commitment through the sale of the loan into the secondary market. As such, we are exposed to interest rate risk and related price risk during the period from the date of the lock commitment through (i) the lock commitment cancellation or expiration date; or (ii) the date of sale into the secondary mortgage market. Loan commitments generally range between 30 and 90 days; and our holding period of the mortgage loan from funding to sale is typically within 30 days.
We manage the interest rate risk associated with its outstanding interest rate lock commitments and loans held for sale by entering into derivative loan instruments such as forward loan sales commitments of To-Be-Announced mortgage backed securities ("TBA Forward Commitments"). We expect these derivatives will experience changes in fair value opposite to changes in fair value of the derivative interest rate lock commitments and loans held for sale, thereby reducing earnings volatility. We take into account various factors and strategies in determining the portion of the mortgage pipeline (derivative loan commitments) and mortgage loans held for sale it wants to economically hedge. Our expectation of how many of our interest rate lock commitments will ultimately close is a key factor in determining the notional amount of derivatives used in hedging the position.
Sensitivity Analysis
We have exposure to economic losses due to interest rate risk arising from changes in the level or volatility of market interest rates. We assess this risk based on changes in interest rates using a sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis measures the potential impact on fair values based on hypothetical changes in interest rates.
We use financial models in determining the impact of interest rate shifts on our mortgage loan portfolio, MSRs portfolio and pipeline derivatives (IRLC and forward MBS trades). A primary assumption used in these models is that an increase or decrease in the benchmark interest rate produces a parallel shift in the yield curve across all maturities.
We utilize a discounted cash flow analysis to determine the fair value of MSRs and the impact of parallel interest rate shifts on MSRs. We obtain independent third party valuations on a quarterly basis, to support the reasonableness of the fair value estimate generated by our internal model. The primary assumptions in this model are prepayment speeds, discount rates, costs of servicing and default rates. However, this analysis ignores the impact of interest rate changes on certain material variables, such as the benefit or detriment on the value of future loan originations, non-parallel shifts in the spread relationships between MBS, swaps and U.S. Treasury rates and changes in primary and secondary mortgage market spreads. We also use a forward yield curve as an input which will impact prepay estimates and the value of escrows as compared to a static forward yield curve. We believe that the use of the forward yield curve better presents fair value of MSRs because the forward yield curve is the market’s expectation of future interest rates based on its expectation of inflation and other economic conditions.
For mortgage loans held for sale, IRLCs and forward delivery commitments on MBS, we rely on a model in determining the impact of interest rate shifts. In addition, for IRLCs, the borrowers’ likelihood to close their mortgage loans under the commitment is used as a primary assumption.
Our total market risk is influenced by a wide variety of factors including market volatility and the liquidity of the markets. There are certain limitations inherent in the sensitivity analysis presented, including the necessity to conduct the analysis based on a single point in time and the inability to include the complex market reactions that normally would arise from the market shifts modeled.
We used March 31, 2017 market rates on our instruments to perform the sensitivity analysis. The estimates are based on the market risk sensitivity portfolios described in the preceding paragraphs and assume instantaneous, parallel shifts in interest rate yield curves. Management uses sensitivity analysis, such as those summarized below, based on a hypothetical 25 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates, on a daily basis to monitor the risks associated with changes in interest rates to our mortgage loans pipeline (the combination of mortgage loans held for sale, IRLCs and forward MBS trades). We believe the use of a 25 basis point shift (50 basis point range) is appropriate given the relatively short time period that the mortgage loans pipeline is held on our balance sheet and exposed to interest rate risk (during the processing, underwriting and closing stages of the mortgage loans which generally last approximately 60 days). We also actively manage our risk management strategy for our mortgage loans pipeline (through the use of economic hedges such as forward loan sale commitments and mandatory delivery commitments) and generally adjust our hedging position daily. In analyzing the interest rate risks associated with our MSRs, management also uses multiple sensitivity analyses (hypothetical 25, 50 and 100 basis point increases and decreases) to review

46


the interest rate risk associated with its MSRs, as the MSRs asset is generally more sensitive to interest rate movements over a longer period of time.
These sensitivities are hypothetical and presented for illustrative purposes only. Changes in fair value based on variations in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in fair value may not be linear.
 
At a given point in time, the overall sensitivity of our mortgage loans pipeline is impacted by several factors beyond just the size of the pipeline. The composition of the pipeline, based on the percentage of IRLC's compared to mortgage loans held for sale, the age and status of the IRLC's, the interest rate movement since the IRLC's were entered into, the cannels from which the IRLC's originate, and other factors all impact the sensitivity. The following table summarizes the (unfavorable) favorable estimated change in our mortgage loans pipeline as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, given hypothetical instantaneous parallel shifts in the yield curve:
 
Mortgage loans pipeline1   
Down 25 bps
 
Up 25 bps
March 31, 2017
$
(1,709
)
 
$
496

December 31, 2016
$
(1,228
)
 
$
225

1 Represents unallocated mortgage loans held for sale, IRLCs and forward MBS trades that are considered “at risk” for purposes of illustrating interest rate sensitivity. Mortgage loans held for sale, IRLCs and forward MBS trades are considered to be unallocated when we have not committed the underlying mortgage loans for sale to the applicable GSEs or GNMA.
Mortgage Servicing Rights
We use a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of MSRs. This approach consists of projecting
servicing cash flows discounted at a rate that management believes market participants would use in the determination of value.
The key assumptions used in the estimation of the fair value of MSRs include prepayment speeds, discount rates, default rates,
cost to service, contractual servicing fees, escrow earnings and ancillary income. The shape of the forward yield curve also has an impact on the asset valuation. We believe that the use of the forward yield curve better presents fair value of MSRs because the forward yield curve is the market’s expectation of future interest rates based on its expectation of inflation and other economic conditions. We obtain independent third party valuations on a quarterly basis, to support the reasonableness of the fair value estimate generated by our internal model. We also have a MSRs committee that meets on a monthly basis to review assumptions, challenge estimates and review valuation results. Our MSRs are subject to substantial interest rate risk as the mortgage loans underlying the MSRs permit the borrowers to prepay the loans. Therefore, the value of MSRs generally tends to vary with interest rate movements and the resulting changes in prepayment speeds. Although the level of interest rates is a key driver of prepayment activity, there are other factors that influence prepayments, including home prices, underwriting standards and product characteristics. Since our mortgage origination activities’ results of operations are also impacted by interest rate changes, our mortgage origination activities’ results of operations may fully or partially offset the change in fair value of MSRs over time. We may, from time to time, review opportunities to sell pools of our MSRs portfolio under certain conditions that would be beneficial to us either due to market demand for servicing, changes in interest rates or our need for liquidity. For additional information about the assumptions used in determining the fair value of our MSRs and a quantitative sensitivity analysis on our MSRs as of March 31, 2017, refer to Note 9, "Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets," to our consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
At a given point in time, the primary factors that contribute to the interest rate sensitivity of MSRs are the weighted average coupon of the loans underlying the MSRs compared to current mortgage rates and the size and composition of the MSRs portfolio. The spread between the weighted average coupon and current market rates determines modeled prepayment speed. During the six months ended March 31, 2017, the weighted average coupon of our MSRs portfolio remained flat in comparison to December 31, 2016 and, at March 31, 2017, mortgage rates were lower than they were at December 31, 2016. The combination of these factors increased current prepayment estimates and prepayment estimates in the interest rate shifts. The following table summarizes the (unfavorable) favorable estimated change in our MSRs as of March 31, 2017, given hypothetical instantaneous parallel shifts in the yield curve:
 
MSRs
Down 100 bps
 
Down 50 bps
 
Down 25 bps
 
Up 25 bps
 
Up 50 bps
 
Up 100 bps
March 31, 2017
$
(62,879
)
 
$
(26,855
)
 
$
(12,528
)
 
$
10,754

 
$
19,782

 
$
33,820

December 31, 2016
$
(58,309
)
 
$
(24,429
)
 
$
(11,324
)
 
$
9,672

 
$
17,804

 
$
30,557

Prepayment Risk
To the extent that the actual prepayment rate on the mortgage loans underlying our MSRs differs from what we projected when we initially recognized the MSRs and when we measured fair value as of the end of each reporting period, the

47


carrying value of our investment in MSRs will be affected. In general, an increase in prepayment expectations will accelerate the amortization of our MSRs accounted for using the amortization method and decrease our estimates of the fair value of both the MSRs accounted for using the amortization method and those accounted for using the fair value method, thereby reducing net servicing income.
Inflation Risk
Virtually all of our assets and liabilities are interest rate sensitive in nature. As a result, interest rates and other factors will influence our performance more than inflation. Changes in interest rates do not necessarily correlate with inflation rates or changes in inflation rates. Furthermore, our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and our activities and balance sheet are measured with reference to historical cost and/or fair value without considering inflation.
Market Value Risk
Our mortgage loans held for sale and MSRs are reported at their estimated fair values. The fair value of these assets fluctuates primarily due to changes in interest rates.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

For a detailed discussion of our market risks, see the “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” section of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Under the supervision and with the participation of management, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of March 31, 2017. The Company's Disclosure Review Committee is charged with reviewing the adequacy of the disclosure controls and procedures to ensure the accuracy, completeness and timeliness of the Company's financial and other information in its periodic reports. Based upon this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of March 31, 2017, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. No matter how well a control system is designed and operated, it can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in our periodic reports.
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Information regarding legal proceedings is set forth in the "Litigation" section of Note 13, "Commitments and Contingencies" to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
We are subject to various risks and uncertainties which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, as discussed in Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed on March 9, 2017. There have been no material changes from the risks previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.


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 ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
The information required by this Item 6 is set forth in the Index to Exhibits accompanying this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and is incorporated herein by reference.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
Stonegate Mortgage Corporation
 
Registrant
 
 
 
Date: May 4, 2017
By:
/S/  Carrie P. Preston
 
 
Carrie P. Preston
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
    


50


INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
Description
 
 
3.1
Third Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Stonegate Mortgage Corporation Amendment No. 1 to S-1 filed September 30, 2013 (File No. 333-191047))
 
 
3.2
Fourth Amended and Restated Code of Regulations of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 27, 2017 (File No. 001-36116))
 
 
4.1
Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Stonegate Mortgage Corporation Amendment No. 1 to S-1 filed September 30, 2013 (File No. 333-191047))
 
 
4.2
Form of Indenture (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 of Stonegate Mortgage Corporation S-3 filed January 14, 2015 (File No. 001-201507))
 
 
31.1*
Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
31.2*
Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
32.1*
Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
32.2*
Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
101.INS*
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
101.SCH*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
 
101.CAL*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
101.DEF*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
 
101.LAB*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
 
101.PRE*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
* Filed herewith
 

51