VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC / MA - FORM 10-Q - April 28, 2017

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2017
or
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM              TO             
Commission file number 000-19319
____________________________________________
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Massachusetts
04-3039129
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts
02210
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (617) 341-6100
____________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o 
Smaller reporting company o
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company o
                                       (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
249,068,782
Class
Outstanding at April 21, 2017
 



VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
Page
 
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 and 2016
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 and 2016
 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interest - Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 and 2016
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 and 2016
 
 
 
“We,” “us,” “Vertex” and the “Company” as used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q refer to Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, a Massachusetts corporation, and its subsidiaries.
“Vertex,” “KALYDECO®” and “ORKAMBI®” are registered trademarks of Vertex. Other brands, names and trademarks contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners.



Part I. Financial Information
Item 1.    Financial Statements
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Revenues:
 
 
 
Product revenues, net
$
480,622

 
$
394,410

Royalty revenues
1,551

 
3,596

Collaborative revenues
232,545

 
74

Total revenues
714,718

 
398,080

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
Cost of product revenues
46,242

 
49,789

Royalty expenses
746

 
860

Research and development expenses
273,563

 
255,860

Sales, general and administrative expenses
113,326

 
105,214

Restructuring expenses, net
9,999

 
687

Total costs and expenses
443,876

 
412,410

Income (loss) from operations
270,842

 
(14,330
)
Interest expense, net
(16,765
)
 
(20,698
)
Other (expenses) income, net
(544
)
 
4,411

Income (loss) before provision for income taxes
253,533

 
(30,617
)
Provision for income taxes
3,985

 
5,485

Net income (loss)
249,548

 
(36,102
)
Income attributable to noncontrolling interest
(1,792
)
 
(5,529
)
Net income (loss) attributable to Vertex
$
247,756

 
$
(41,631
)
 
 
 
 
Amounts per share attributable to Vertex common shareholders:
 
 
 
Net income (loss):
 
 
 
Basic
$
1.01

 
$
(0.17
)
Diluted
$
0.99

 
$
(0.17
)
Shares used in per share calculations:
 
 
 
Basic
246,024

 
243,831

Diluted
248,700

 
243,831

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


2

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(unaudited)
(in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Net income (loss)
$
249,548

 
$
(36,102
)
Changes in other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
Unrealized holding gains on marketable securities, net of tax
3,534

 
229

Unrealized losses on foreign currency forward contracts, net of tax
(6,681
)
 
(5,212
)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
(2,001
)
 
(1,740
)
Total changes in other comprehensive income (loss)
(5,148
)
 
(6,723
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
244,400

 
(42,825
)
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest
(1,792
)
 
(5,529
)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Vertex
$
242,608

 
$
(48,354
)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


3

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
March 31,
 
December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Assets
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
1,003,679

 
$
1,183,945

Marketable securities, available for sale
405,103

 
250,612

Restricted cash and cash equivalents (VIE)
44,564

 
47,762

Accounts receivable, net
207,955

 
201,083

Inventories
82,020

 
77,604

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
128,493

 
70,534

Total current assets
1,871,814

 
1,831,540

Property and equipment, net
708,395

 
698,362

Intangible assets
284,340

 
284,340

Goodwill
50,384

 
50,384

Cost method investments
20,276

 
20,276

Other assets
11,494

 
11,885

Total assets
$
2,946,703

 
$
2,896,787

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
63,145

 
$
61,451

Accrued expenses
277,962

 
315,249

Deferred revenues, current portion
6,057

 
6,005

Accrued restructuring expenses, current portion
7,634

 
6,047

Capital lease obligations, current portion
19,270

 
19,426

Customer deposits
104,774

 
73,416

Credit facility
—

 
300,000

Other liabilities, current portion
10,954

 
10,943

Total current liabilities
489,796

 
792,537

Deferred revenues, excluding current portion
5,742

 
6,632

Accrued restructuring expenses, excluding current portion
613

 
1,907

Capital lease obligations, excluding current portion
30,355

 
34,976

Deferred tax liability
135,402

 
134,063

Construction financing lease obligation, excluding current portion
498,775

 
486,359

Advance from collaborator
74,760

 
73,423

Other liabilities, excluding current portion
28,467

 
28,699

Total liabilities
1,263,910

 
1,558,596

Commitments and contingencies


 


Shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding
—

 
—

Common stock, $0.01 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 248,890,834 and 248,300,517 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
2,459

 
2,450

Additional paid-in capital
6,616,975

 
6,506,795

Accumulated other comprehensive income
16,025

 
21,173

Accumulated deficit
(5,135,451
)
 
(5,373,836
)
Total Vertex shareholders’ equity
1,500,008

 
1,156,582

Noncontrolling interest
182,785

 
181,609

Total shareholders’ equity
1,682,793

 
1,338,191

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
2,946,703

 
$
2,896,787

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


4

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interest
(unaudited)
(in thousands)
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive (Loss) Income
 
Accumulated Deficit
 
Total Vertex
Shareholders’ Equity
 
Noncontrolling
Interest
 
Total
Shareholders’ Equity
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2015
246,307

 
$
2,427

 
$
6,197,500

 
$
1,824

 
$
(5,261,784
)
 
$
939,967

 
$
153,661

 
$
1,093,628

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6,723
)
 
—

 
(6,723
)
 
—

 
(6,723
)
Net loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(41,631
)
 
(41,631
)
 
5,529

 
(36,102
)
Issuance of common stock under benefit plans
980

 
2

 
9,147

 
—

 
—

 
9,149

 
—

 
9,149

Stock-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
56,317

 
—

 
—

 
56,317

 
(71
)
 
56,246

Balance at March 31, 2016
247,287

 
$
2,429

 
$
6,262,964

 
$
(4,899
)
 
$
(5,303,415
)
 
$
957,079

 
$
159,119

 
$
1,116,198

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2016
248,301

 
$
2,450

 
$
6,506,795

 
$
21,173

 
$
(5,373,836
)
 
$
1,156,582

 
$
181,609

 
$
1,338,191

Cumulative effect adjustment for adoption of new accounting guidance
—

 
—

 
9,371

 
 
 
(9,371
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5,148
)
 
—

 
(5,148
)
 
—

 
(5,148
)
Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
247,756

 
247,756

 
1,792

 
249,548

Issuance of common stock under benefit plans
590

 
9

 
31,019

 
—

 
—

 
31,028

 
—

 
31,028

Stock-based compensation expense
—

 
—

 
69,790

 
—

 
—

 
69,790

 
—

 
69,790

Other
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(616
)
 
(616
)
Balance at March 31, 2017
248,891

 
$
2,459

 
$
6,616,975

 
$
16,025

 
$
(5,135,451
)
 
$
1,500,008

 
$
182,785

 
$
1,682,793

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


5

VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited)
(in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
249,548

 
$
(36,102
)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation expense
68,982

 
55,472

Depreciation and amortization expense
14,850

 
16,415

Deferred income taxes
1,212

 
2,060

Impairment of property and equipment
1,946

 
—

Other non-cash items, net
(5,152
)
 
(3,835
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable, net
(5,118
)
 
(2,512
)
Inventories
(3,650
)
 
(4,771
)
Prepaid expenses and other assets
(47,178
)
 
(7,325
)
Accounts payable
717

 
(343
)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
(9,931
)
 
(29,922
)
Accrued restructuring expense
305

 
(1,459
)
Deferred revenues
(839
)
 
(2,815
)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
265,692

 
(15,137
)
Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
Purchases of marketable securities
(248,273
)
 
(224,624
)
Maturities of marketable securities
98,393

 
131,173

Expenditures for property and equipment
(11,159
)
 
(11,974
)
Decrease in restricted cash and cash equivalents (VIE)
3,198

 
2,637

Decrease in other assets
60

 
80

Net cash used in investing activities
(157,781
)
 
(102,708
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
Issuances of common stock under benefit plans
11,249

 
8,846

Payments on revolving credit facility
(300,000
)
 
—

Advance from collaborator
5,000

 
—

Payments on capital lease obligations
(4,703
)
 
(4,041
)
Payments on construction financing lease obligation
(117
)
 
(103
)
Repayments of advanced funding
(994
)
 
—

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(289,565
)
 
4,702

Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash
1,388

 
2,620

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(180,266
)
 
(110,523
)
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period
1,183,945

 
714,768

Cash and cash equivalents—end of period
$
1,003,679

 
$
604,245

 
 
 
 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
 
 
 
Cash paid for interest
$
17,527

 
$
20,603

Cash paid for income taxes
$
1,164

 
$
581

Capitalization of costs related to construction financing lease obligation
$
12,549

 
$
—

Issuances of common stock from employee benefit plans receivable
$
19,847

 
$
593


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)


A. Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared by Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (“Vertex” or the “Company”) in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
The condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of (i) the Company, (ii) its wholly-owned subsidiaries and (iii) consolidated variable interest entities (VIEs). All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The Company operates in one segment, pharmaceuticals.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the Company’s annual financial statements have been condensed or omitted. These interim financial statements, in the opinion of management, reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the interim periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full fiscal year. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, which are contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 23, 2017 (the “2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K”).
Use of Estimates and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported periods. Significant estimates in these condensed consolidated financial statements have been made in connection with the calculation of revenues, inventories, research and development expenses, stock-based compensation expense, restructuring expense, the fair value of intangible assets, goodwill, contingent consideration, noncontrolling interest, the consolidation of VIEs, leases, the fair value of cash flow hedges and the provision for or benefit from income taxes. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions, including in certain circumstances future projections that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results in the period in which they become known.
The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note A, “Nature of Business and Accounting Policies,” in the 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued new guidance applicable to revenue recognition that will be effective January 1, 2018. Early adoption was permitted for the year-ending December 31, 2017. The new guidance applies a more principles based approach to recognizing revenue. Under the new guidance, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services and is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration that an entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The new guidance must be adopted using either a modified retrospective approach or a full retrospective approach for all periods presented. Under the modified retrospective method, the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the date of initial application within retained earnings. Under the full retrospective approach, the standard would be applied to each prior reporting period presented. Upon adoption, the Company will use the modified retrospective method. The Company is in the process of evaluating the new guidance and determining whether the expected effect is material to its condensed consolidated financial statements.  The Company has formed a project team to review its portfolio of existing customer contracts and current accounting policies to identify and assess the potential differences that would result from applying the requirements of the new standard. The Company is also in the process of implementing appropriate changes to its controls to


7
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

support revenue recognition and disclosure under the new standard. The new guidance could impact the Company’s accounting for product shipments to certain countries through early access programs, including the French early access programs, whereby the associated product has received regulatory approval but the reimbursement rate has not been finalized.
In 2015, the FASB issued amended guidance applicable to inventory. The amended guidance simplifies the subsequent measurement of inventory by requiring inventory to be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The amended guidance became effective for the Company during the first quarter of 2017. Adoption of the amended guidance did not have a significant effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance applicable to share-based compensation to employees that simplifies the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. The amended guidance became effective for the Company during the first quarter of 2017. The amended guidance eliminates the requirement that excess tax benefits be realized as a reduction in current taxes payable before the associated tax benefit can be recognized as an increase in additional paid-in capital. This created approximately $410.8 million of deferred tax asset (“DTA”) relating to federal and state net operating losses (“NOLs”) that are fully reserved by an equal increase in valuation allowance. The Company recorded DTAs of approximately $404.7 million relating to Federal NOLs and approximately $6.1 million relating to State NOLs, both of which are offset by a full valuation allowance. Upon adoption, the Company also elected to change its accounting policy to account for forfeitures as they occur. The change was applied on a modified retrospective basis with a cumulative effect adjustment to accumulated deficit of $9.4 million, which increased the accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2017. This change also resulted in an increase to DTA by $3.4 million, which is offset by a full valuation allowance. As a result, there was no cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit. The provisions related to the recognition of excess tax benefits in the income statement and classification in the statement of cash flows were adopted prospectively, and as such, the prior periods were not retrospectively adjusted.
In January 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance related to the recording of financial assets and financial liabilities. Under the amended guidance, equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) are to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. However, an entity has the option to either measure equity investments without readily determinable fair values at fair value or at cost adjusted for changes in observable prices minus impairment. Changes in measurement under either alternative will be recognized in net income. The amended guidance is effective for the year-ending December 31, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company expects the implementation of this standard to have an impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, as the Company held publicly traded equity investments at March 31, 2017 as well as equity investments accounted for under the cost method. A cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet will be recorded as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The implementation of this amended guidance is expected to increase volatility in net income as the volatility currently recorded in other comprehensive income related to changes in the fair market value of available-for-sale equity investments will be reflected in net income after adoption.

In January 2017, the FASB issued amended guidance related to business combinations. The amended guidance clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The new accounting guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted this new guidance as of January 1, 2017 and will apply this new guidance to future acquisitions.
In January 2017, the FASB issued amended guidance related the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The amended guidance eliminates a step from the goodwill impairment test. Under the amended guidance, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The amended guidance is effective for the year-ending December 31, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect a significant effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements upon adoption of this new guidance.



8
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

For a discussion of other recent accounting pronouncements please refer to Note A, “Nature of Business and Accounting Policies—Recent Accounting Pronouncements,” in the 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

B.
Product Revenues, Net
The Company sells its products principally to a limited number of specialty pharmacy providers and selected regional wholesalers in North America as well as government-owned and supported customers in international markets (collectively, its “Customers”). The Company’s Customers in North America subsequently resell the products to patients and health care providers. The Company recognizes net revenues from product sales upon delivery to the Customer as long as (i) there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists between the Company and the Customer, (ii) collectibility is reasonably assured and (iii) the price is fixed or determinable.
In order to conclude that the price is fixed or determinable, the Company must be able to (i) calculate its gross product revenues from sales to Customers and (ii) reasonably estimate its net product revenues upon delivery to its Customers’ locations. The Company calculates gross product revenues based on the price that the Company charges its Customers. The Company estimates its net product revenues by deducting from its gross product revenues (a) trade allowances, such as invoice discounts for prompt payment and Customer fees, (b) estimated government and private payor rebates, chargebacks and discounts, (c) estimated reserves for expected product returns and (d) estimated costs of co-pay assistance programs for patients, as well as other incentives for certain indirect customers.
The Company makes significant estimates and judgments that materially affect the Company’s recognition of net product revenues. In certain instances, the Company may be unable to reasonably conclude that the price is fixed or determinable at the time of delivery, in which case it defers the recognition of revenues. Once the Company is able to determine that the price is fixed or determinable, it recognizes the revenues associated with the units in which revenue recognition was deferred. ORKAMBI net product revenues do not include any revenues from product sales in France. The Company began distributing ORKAMBI through early access programs in the fourth quarter of 2015. The Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet includes $104.8 million collected as of March 31, 2017 in France related to ORKAMBI that is classified as customer deposits. The Company expects that revenues from these early access programs will be recognized in the period that a formal reimbursement agreement in France is reached based on the terms of such agreement.
The following table summarizes activity in each of the product revenue allowance and reserve categories for the three months ended March 31, 2017:
 
Trade
Allowances
 
Rebates,
Chargebacks
and Discounts
 
Product
Returns
 
Other
Incentives
 
Total
 
(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
2,568

 
$
81,927

 
$
3,492

 
$
1,214

 
$
89,201

Provision related to current period sales
5,638

 
28,567

 
370

 
6,093

 
40,668

Adjustments related to prior period sales
(169
)
 
(2,344
)
 
(48
)
 
(56
)
 
(2,617
)
Credits/payments made
(5,654
)
 
(27,916
)
 
(170
)
 
(4,428
)
 
(38,168
)
Balance at March 31, 2017
$
2,383

 
$
80,234

 
$
3,644

 
$
2,823

 
$
89,084

C.
Collaborative Arrangements and Pending Acquisition
Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Incorporated
The Company has a research, development and commercialization agreement with Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Incorporated (“CFFT”) that was originally entered into in May 2004, and was most recently amended on October 13, 2016 (the “2016 Amendment”). Pursuant to the agreement, as amended, the Company has agreed to pay royalties ranging from low single digits to mid-single digits on potential sales of certain compounds first synthesized and/or tested between March 1, 2014 and August 31, 2016 and tiered royalties ranging from single digits to sub-teens on any approved drugs first synthesized and/or tested during a research term on or before February 28, 2014, including KALYDECO (ivacaftor), ORKAMBI (lumacaftor in combination with ivacaftor), lumacaftor and tezacaftor. For combination products,


9
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

such as ORKAMBI, sales will be allocated equally to each of the active pharmaceutical ingredients in the combination product.
In the first quarter of 2016, CFFT earned a commercial milestone payment of $13.9 million from the Company upon achievement of certain sales levels of lumacaftor. There are no additional commercial milestone payments payable by the Company to CFFT pursuant to the agreement. Pursuant to the 2016 Amendment, the CFFT provided the Company an upfront program award of $75.0 million and agreed to provide development funding to the Company of up to $6.0 million annually. The program award plus any future development funding represent a form of financing pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 730, Research and Development, and thus the amounts are recorded as a liability on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, primarily reflected in Advance from collaborator. The liability is reduced over the estimated royalty term of the agreement. Reductions in the liability are reflected as an offset to cost of product revenues and as interest expense.
The Company began marketing KALYDECO in the United States and certain countries in the European Union in 2012 and began marketing ORKAMBI in the United States in 2015. The Company received approval for ORKAMBI In the European Union in 2015 and in Canada and Australia in 2016. The Company has royalty obligations to CFFT for ivacaftor, lumacaftor and tezacaftor until the expiration of patents covering those compounds. The Company has patents in the United States and European Union covering the composition-of-matter of ivacaftor that expire in 2027 and 2025, respectively, subject to potential patent extensions. The Company has patents in the United States and European Union covering the composition-of-matter of lumacaftor that expire in 2030 and 2026, respectively, subject to potential extension. The Company has patents in the United States and European Union covering the composition-of-matter of tezacaftor that expire in 2027 and 2028, respectively, subject to potential extension.
CRISPR Therapeutics AG
In October 2015, the Company entered into a strategic collaboration, option and license agreement (the “CRISPR Agreement”) with CRISPR Therapeutics AG and its affiliates (“CRISPR”) to collaborate on the discovery and development of potential new treatments aimed at the underlying genetic causes of human diseases using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology. The Company has the exclusive right to license up to six CRISPR-Cas9-based targets. In connection with the CRISPR Agreement, the Company made an upfront payment to CRISPR of $75.0 million and a $30.0 million investment in CRISPR pursuant to a convertible loan agreement that converted into preferred stock in January 2016. The Company expensed $75.0 million to research and development, and the $30.0 million investment was recorded at cost and is classified as a long-term asset on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. In the second quarter of 2016, the Company made an additional preferred stock investment in CRISPR of approximately $3.1 million. In connection with CRISPR’s initial public offering in October 2016, the Company purchased $10 million of common shares at public offering price and the Company’s preferred stock investments in CRISPR converted into common shares. As of March 31, 2017, the Company recorded the CRISPR common shares it holds at fair value and included the fair value of the common shares in its marketable securities and the unrecognized gain related to these common shares in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
The Company will fund all of the discovery activities conducted pursuant to the CRISPR Agreement. For potential hemoglobinapathy treatments, including treatments for sickle cell disease, the Company and CRISPR will share equally all research and development costs and worldwide revenues. For other targets that the Company elects to license, the Company would lead all development and global commercialization activities. For each of up to six targets that the Company elects to license, other than hemoglobinapathy targets, CRISPR has the potential to receive up to $420.0 million in development, regulatory and commercial milestones and royalties on net product sales.
The Company may terminate the CRISPR Agreement upon 90 days’ notice to CRISPR prior to any product receiving marketing approval or upon 270 days’ notice after a product has received marketing approval. The CRISPR Agreement also may be terminated by either party for a material breach by the other, subject to notice and cure provisions. Unless earlier terminated, the CRISPR Agreement will continue in effect until the expiration of the Company’s payment obligations under the CRISPR Agreement.


10
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

Merck KGaA

On January 10, 2017, the Company entered into a strategic collaboration and license agreement (the “Merck KGaA Agreement”) with Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (“Merck KGaA”). Pursuant to the Merck KGaA Agreement, the Company granted Merck KGaA an exclusive worldwide license to research, develop and commercialize four oncology research and development programs. Under the Merck KGaA Agreement, the Company granted Merck KGaA exclusive, worldwide rights to two clinical-stage programs targeting DNA damage repair: its ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein inhibitor program, including VX-970 and VX-803, and its DNA-dependent protein kinase inhibitor program, including VX-984. In addition, the Company granted Merck KGaA exclusive, worldwide rights to two pre-clinical programs.

The Merck KGaA Agreement provided for an up-front payment from Merck KGaA to the Company of $230.0 million. During the first quarter of 2017, the Company received $193.6 million of the up-front payment and the remaining $36.4 million was remitted to the German tax authorities. Pursuant to a tax treaty between the United States and Germany, the Company filed a refund application for the tax withholding and expects to receive the refund in approximately six months. The income tax receivable is included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets at March 31, 2017. In addition to the up-front payment, the Company will receive tiered royalties on potential sales of licensed products, calculated as a percentage of net sales, that range from (i) mid-single digits to mid-twenties for clinical-stage programs and (ii) mid-single digits to high single digits for the pre-clinical research programs. Merck KGaA has assumed full responsibility for development and commercialization costs for all programs.

The Company evaluated the deliverables, primarily consisting of a license to the four programs and the obligation to complete certain fully-reimbursable research and development and transition activities as directed by Merck KGaA, pursuant to the Merck KGaA Agreement, under the multiple element arrangement accounting guidance. The Company concluded that the license has stand-alone value from the research and development and transition activities based on the resources and know-how possessed by Merck KGaA, and thus concluded that there are two units of accounting in the arrangement. The Company determined the relative selling price of the units of accounting based on the Company’s best estimate of selling price. The Company utilized key assumptions to determine the best estimate of selling price for the license, which included future potential net sales of licensed products, development timelines, reimbursement rates for personnel costs, discount rates, and estimated third-party development costs. The Company utilized a discounted cash flow model to determine its best estimate of selling price for the license and determined the best estimate of selling price for the research and development and transition activities based on what it would sell the services for separately. Based on this analysis, the Company recognized approximately $231.7 million in collaborative revenues related to the up-front payment upon delivery of the license and to the research and development and transition activities provided during the quarter. The Company recorded the reimbursement for the research and development and transition activities as revenue in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations primarily due to the fact that the Company is the primary obligor in the arrangement. The Company expects to provide research and development and transition activities through the end of the fiscal year and will recognize the revenues and associated expenses as the services are provided.

Merck KGaA may terminate the Merck KGaA Agreement or any individual program by providing 90 days’ notice, or, in the case of termination of a program with a product that has received marketing approval, 180 days’ notice. The Merck KGaA Agreement also may be terminated by either party for a material breach by the other party, subject to notice and cure provisions. Unless earlier terminated, the Merck KGaA Agreement will continue in effect until the date on which the royalty term and all payment obligations with respect to all products in all countries have expired.

Variable Interest Entities

The Company has entered into several agreements pursuant to which it has licensed rights to certain drug candidates from third-party collaborators, which has resulted in the consolidation of the third parties’ financial statements into the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as VIEs. In order to account for the fair value of the contingent payments, which consist of milestone, royalty and option payments, related to these collaborations under GAAP, the Company uses present-value models based on assumptions regarding the probability of achieving the relevant milestones, estimates regarding the timing of achieving the milestones, estimates of future product sales and the appropriate discount rates. The Company bases its estimate of the probability of achieving the relevant milestones on industry data for similar


11
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

assets and its own experience. The discount rates used in the valuation model represent a measure of credit risk and market risk associated with settling the liabilities. Significant judgment is used in determining the appropriateness of these assumptions at each reporting period. Changes in these assumptions could have a material effect on the fair value of the contingent payments. The following collaborations are reflected in the Company’s financial statements as consolidated VIEs:

Parion Sciences, Inc.

In June 2015, the Company entered into a strategic collaboration and license agreement (the “Parion Agreement”) with Parion Sciences, Inc. (“Parion”).  Pursuant to the agreement, the Company is collaborating with Parion to develop investigational epithelial sodium channel (“ENaC”) inhibitors, including VX-371 (formerly P-1037) and VX-551 (formerly P-1055), for the potential treatment of CF, and all other pulmonary diseases.  The Company is leading development activities for VX-371 and VX-551 and is responsible for all costs, subject to certain exceptions, related to development and commercialization of the compounds.

Pursuant to the Parion Agreement, the Company has worldwide development and commercial rights to Parion’s lead investigational ENaC inhibitors, VX-371 and VX-551, for the potential treatment of CF and all other pulmonary diseases and has the option to select additional compounds discovered in Parion’s research program.  Parion received an $80.0 million up-front payment and has the potential to receive up to an additional (i) $490.0 million in development and regulatory milestone payments for development of ENaC inhibitors in CF, including $360.0 million related to global filing and approval milestones, (ii) $370.0 million in development and regulatory milestones for VX-371 and VX-551 in non-CF pulmonary indications and (iii) $230.0 million in development and regulatory milestones should the Company elect to develop an additional ENaC inhibitor from Parion’s research program. The Company has agreed to pay Parion tiered royalties that range from the low double digits to mid-teens as a percentage of potential sales of licensed products.

The Company may terminate the Parion Agreement upon 90 days’ notice to Parion prior to any licensed product receiving marketing approval or upon 180 days’ notice after a licensed product has received marketing approval. If the Company experiences a change of control prior to the initiation of the first Phase 3 clinical trial for a licensed product, Parion may terminate the Parion Agreement upon 30 days’ notice, subject to the Company’s right to receive specified royalties on any subsequent commercialization of licensed products. The Parion Agreement also may be terminated by either party for a material breach by the other, subject to notice and cure provisions. Unless earlier terminated, the Parion Agreement will continue in effect until the expiration of the Company’s royalty obligations, which expire on a country-by-country basis on the later of (i) the date the last-to-expire patent covering a licensed product expires or (ii) ten years after the first commercial sale in the country.

The Company determined that it has a variable interest in Parion via the Parion Agreement, and that the variable interest represents a variable interest in Parion as a whole since the fair value of the ENaC inhibitors represents more than half of the total fair value of Parion’s assets. The Company also concluded that it is the primary beneficiary as it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the economic performance of Parion and it has the obligation to absorb losses and right to receive benefits that potentially could be significant to Parion.  Accordingly, the Company consolidated Parion's financial statements beginning on June 4, 2015. However, the Company's interests in Parion are limited to those accorded to the Company in the Parion Agreement.

While there was a transfer of $80.0 million to Parion, the cash remained within the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements since Parion is part of the consolidated entity. The cash received, net of any cash spend by Parion, is classified as restricted cash and cash equivalents (VIE) within the condensed consolidated balance sheet as it is attributed to the noncontrolling interest holders of Parion. When determining the valuation of goodwill, the fair value of consideration for the license is zero since there was no consideration transferred outside the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company recorded $255.3 million of intangible assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet for Parion’s in-process research and development assets. These in-process research and development assets relate to Parion’s pulmonary ENaC platform, including the intellectual property related to VX-371 and VX-551, that are licensed by Parion to the Company. The Company also recorded the fair value of the net assets attributable to noncontrolling interest of $164.3 million, deferred tax liability of $91.0 million resulting from a basis difference in the intangible assets and certain other net


12
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

liabilities held by Parion of $10.5 million.  The difference between the fair values of the consideration and noncontrolling interest and the fair value of Parion’s net assets was recorded as goodwill.
BioAxone Biosciences, Inc.
In October 2014, the Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement (the “BioAxone Agreement”) with BioAxone Biosciences, Inc. (“BioAxone”), which resulted in the consolidation of BioAxone as a VIE beginning on October 1, 2014. The Company paid BioAxone initial payments of $10.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2014.
BioAxone has the potential to receive up to $90.0 million in milestones and fees, including development, regulatory and milestone payments and a license continuation fee. In addition, BioAxone would receive royalties and commercial milestones on future net product sales of VX-210, if any. The Company recorded an in-process research and development intangible asset of $29.0 million for VX-210 and a corresponding deferred tax liability of $11.3 million attributable to BioAxone. The Company holds an option to purchase BioAxone at a predetermined price. The option expires on the earliest of (a) the day the FDA accepts the Biologics License Application submission for VX-210, (b) the day the Company elects to continue the license instead of exercising the option to purchase BioAxone and (c) March 15, 2018, subject to the Company’s option to extend this date by one year.
Aggregate VIE Financial Information

An aggregate summary of net income attributable to noncontrolling interest related to the Company’s VIEs for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(in thousands)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest before provision for income taxes
$
1,547

 
$
839

Provision for income taxes
391

 
3,062

Increase in fair value of contingent payments
(3,730
)
 
(9,430
)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
$
(1,792
)
 
$
(5,529
)

The increase in the noncontrolling interest holders’ claim to net assets with respect to the fair value of the contingent payments in the three months ended March 31, 2017 was primarily due to changes in market interest rates and the time value of money. During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the increase in the fair value of the contingent payments related to the Company’s VIEs was as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(in thousands)
Parion
$
2,830

 
$
9,000

BioAxone
900

 
430


As of March 31, 2017, the fair value of the contingent payments related to the Parion Agreement and the BioAxone Agreement was $241.6 million and $18.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, the fair value of the contingent milestone and royalty payments related to the Parion collaboration and the BioAxone collaboration was $238.8 million and $18.0 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes items related to the Company’s VIEs included in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the dates set forth in the table:


13
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

 
March 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
(in thousands)
Restricted cash and cash equivalents (VIE)
$
44,564

 
$
47,762

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
5,957

 
6,812

Intangible assets
284,340

 
284,340

Goodwill
19,391

 
19,391

Other assets
687

 
399

Accounts payable
1,080

 
415

Taxes payable
1,159

 
1,330

Other current liabilities
1,998

 
2,137

Deferred tax liability, net
133,058

 
131,446

Other liabilities
300

 
300

Noncontrolling interest
182,785

 
181,609


The Company has recorded the VIEs’ cash and cash equivalents as restricted cash and cash equivalents (VIE) because (i) the Company does not have any interest in or control over the VIEs’ cash and cash equivalents and (ii) the Company’s agreements with each VIE do not provide for the VIEs’ cash and cash equivalents to be used for the development of the assets that the Company licensed from the applicable VIE. Assets recorded as a result of consolidating the Company’s VIEs’ financial condition into the Company’s balance sheet do not represent additional assets that could be used to satisfy claims against the Company’s general assets.
Other Collaborations
The Company has entered into various agreements pursuant to which it collaborates with third parties, including inlicensing and outlicensing arrangements. Although the Company does not consider any of these arrangements to be material, the most notable of these arrangements are described below.

Moderna Therapeutics, Inc.
In July 2016, the Company entered into a strategic collaboration and licensing agreement (the “Moderna Agreement”) with Moderna Therapeutics, Inc. (“Moderna”) pursuant to which the parties are seeking to identify and develop messenger Ribonucleic Acid (“mRNA”) Therapeutics for the treatment of CF. In connection with the Moderna Agreement in the third quarter of 2016, the Company made an upfront payment to Moderna of $20.0 million and a $20.0 million cost-method investment in Moderna pursuant to a convertible promissory note that converted into preferred stock in August 2016. Moderna has the potential to receive future development and regulatory milestones of up to $275.0 million, including $220.0 million in approval and reimbursement milestones, as well as tiered royalty payments on future sales.
Under the terms of the Moderna Agreement, Moderna will lead discovery efforts and the Company will lead all preclinical, development and commercialization activities associated with the advancement of mRNA Therapeutics that result from this collaboration and will fund all expenses related to the collaboration.
The Company may terminate the Moderna Agreement by providing advanced notice to Moderna, with the required length of notice dependent on whether any product developed under the Moderna Agreement has received marketing approval. The Moderna Agreement also may be terminated by either party for a material breach by the other, subject to notice and cure provisions. Unless earlier terminated, the Moderna Agreement will continue in effect until the expiration of the Company’s payment obligations under the Moderna Agreement.
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
In June 2014, the Company entered into an agreement (the “Janssen Influenza Agreement”) with Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Janssen Inc.”), which was amended in October 2014 to clarify certain roles and responsibilities of the parties.


14
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)


Pursuant to the Janssen Influenza Agreement, Janssen Inc. has an exclusive worldwide license to develop and commercialize certain drug candidates for the treatment of influenza, including VX-787. The Company received non-refundable payments of $35.0 million from Janssen Inc. in 2014, which were recorded as collaborative revenue. The Company has the potential to receive development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments as well as royalties on future product sales, if any. Janssen Inc. may terminate the Janssen Influenza Agreement, subject to certain exceptions, upon six months’ notice.
Janssen Inc. is responsible for costs related to the development and commercialization of the compounds. During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded reimbursement for these development activities of $0.9 million and $3.5 million, respectively. The reimbursements are recorded as a reduction to development expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations primarily due to the fact that Janssen Inc. directs the activities and selects the suppliers associated with these activities.
Pending Acquisition
Concert Pharmaceuticals
On March 6, 2017, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Concert Agreement”) with Concert Pharmaceuticals (“Concert”). Pursuant to the Concert Agreement, the Company will acquire certain assets including CTP-656 from Concert. CTP-656 is an investigational CFTR potentiator that has the potential to be used as part of future once-daily combination regimens of CFTR modulators that treat the underlying cause of CF. As part of the Concert Agreement, Vertex will pay Concert $160 million in cash for all worldwide development and commercialization rights to CTP-656. If CTP-656 is approved as part of a combination regimen to treat CF, Concert could receive up to an additional $90 million in milestones based on regulatory approval in the U.S. and reimbursement in the UK, Germany or France. The Concert Agreement is subject to approval by Concert's shareholders and clearance under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act. The waiting period had not expired as of March 31, 2017; therefore, there was no accounting impact relating to this agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2017. The Company is in the process of evaluating the expected accounting effect of the pending transaction on its consolidated financial statements.
D.
Earnings Per Share
Basic net loss per share attributable to Vertex common shareholders is based upon the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding restricted stock and restricted stock units that have been issued but are not yet vested. Diluted net loss per share attributable to Vertex common shareholders is based upon the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus additional weighted-average common equivalent shares outstanding during the period when the effect is dilutive.


15
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the periods ended:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic net income (loss) attributable to Vertex per common share calculation:
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to Vertex common shareholders
$
247,756

 
$
(41,631
)
Less: Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities
(406
)
 
—

Net income (loss) attributable to Vertex common shareholders—basic
$
247,350

 
$
(41,631
)
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding
246,024

 
243,831

Basic net income (loss) attributable to Vertex per common share
$
1.01

 
$
(0.17
)
 
 
 
 
Diluted net income (loss) attributable to Vertex per common share calculation:
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to Vertex common shareholders
$
247,756

 
$
(41,631
)
Less: Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities
(401
)
 
—

Net income (loss) attributable to Vertex common shareholders—diluted
$
247,355

 
$
(41,631
)
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic net income (loss) per common share
246,024

 
243,831

Effect of potentially dilutive securities:
 
 
 
Stock options
2,037

 
—

Restricted stock and restricted stock units
627

 
—

Other
12

 
—

Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net income (loss) per common share
248,700

 
243,831

Diluted net income (loss) attributable to Vertex per common share
$
0.99

 
$
(0.17
)
The Company did not include the securities in the following table in the computation of the net income (loss) per share attributable to Vertex common shareholders calculations because the effect would have been anti-dilutive during each period:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(in thousands)
Stock options
8,303

 
12,619

Unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units
807

 
3,565

E.
Fair Value Measurements
The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects the Company’s estimate of amounts that it would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In connection with measuring the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company seeks to maximize the use of observable inputs (market data obtained from sources independent from the Company) and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs (the Company’s assumptions about how market participants would price assets and liabilities). The following fair value hierarchy is used to classify assets and liabilities based on the observable inputs and unobservable inputs used in order to value the assets and liabilities:


16
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

Level 1:
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for an asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2:
Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs. Examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities and quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
Level 3:
Unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
The Company’s investment strategy is focused on capital preservation. The Company invests in instruments that meet the credit quality standards outlined in the Company’s investment policy. This policy also limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issue or type of instrument. As of March 31, 2017, the Company’s investments were primarily in money market funds, corporate equity securities, corporate debt securities and commercial paper.
As of March 31, 2017, all of the Company’s financial assets that were subject to fair value measurements were valued using observable inputs. The Company’s financial assets valued based on Level 1 inputs consisted of money market funds, corporate debt securities, commercial paper and corporate equity securities. The Company’s financial assets valued based on Level 2 inputs consisted of corporate debt securities and commercial paper, which consisted of investments in highly-rated investment-grade corporations.


17
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets (excluding VIE cash and cash equivalents) and liabilities subject to fair value measurements:
 
Fair Value Measurements as
of March 31, 2017
 
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
(in thousands)
Financial instruments carried at fair value (asset position):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$
313,629

 
$
313,629

 
$
—

 
$
—

Corporate debt securities
11,027

 
11,027

 
—

 
—

Commercial paper
6,834

 
6,834

 
—

 
—

Marketable securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate equity securities
69,372

 
69,372

 
—

 
—

Corporate debt securities
203,181

 
—

 
203,181

 
—

Commercial paper
132,550

 
—

 
132,550

 
—

Prepaid and other current assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency forward contracts
8,318

 
—

 
8,318

 
—

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency forward contracts
249

 
—

 
249

 
—

Total financial assets
$
745,160


$
400,862

 
$
344,298

 
$
—

Financial instruments carried at fair value (liability position):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other liabilities, current portion:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency forward contracts
$
(613
)
 
$
—

 
$
(613
)
 
$
—

Other liabilities, excluding current portion:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency forward contracts
(86
)
 
—

 
(86
)
 
—

Total financial liabilities
$
(699
)
 
$
—

 
$
(699
)
 
$
—

 
Fair Value Measurements as
of December 31, 2016
 
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
(in thousands)
Financial instruments carried at fair value (asset position):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
$
280,560

 
$
280,560

 
$
—

 
$
—

Marketable securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Government-sponsored enterprise securities
15,508

 
15,508

 
—

 
—

Corporate equity securities
64,560

 
64,560

 
—

 
—

Commercial paper
59,404

 
—

 
59,404

 
—

Corporate debt securities
111,140

 
—

 
111,140

 
—

Prepaid and other current assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency forward contracts
14,407

 
—

 
14,407

 
—

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency forward contracts
1,186

 
$
—

 
1,186

 
$
—

Total financial assets
$
546,765

 
$
360,628

 
$
186,137

 
$
—

Financial instruments carried at fair value (liability position):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other liabilities, current portion:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency forward contracts
$
(144
)
 
$
—

 
$
(144
)
 
$
—

Total financial liabilities
$
(144
)
 
$
—

 
$
(144
)
 
$
—



18
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

The Company’s VIEs invested in cash equivalents consisting of money market funds of $44.1 million as of March 31, 2017, which are valued based on Level 1 inputs. These cash equivalents are not included in the table above. The Company’s noncontrolling interest related to VIEs includes the fair value of the contingent payments, which consist of milestone, royalty and option payments, which are valued based on Level 3 inputs. Please refer to Note C, “Collaborative Arrangements,” for further information.
F.
Marketable Securities
A summary of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities is shown below:
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
(in thousands)
As of March 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and money market funds
$
985,818

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
985,818

Commercial paper
6,834

 
—

 
—

 
6,834

Corporate debt securities
11,027

 
—

 
—

 
11,027

Total cash and cash equivalents
$
1,003,679

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,003,679

Marketable securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate equity securities
43,213

 
26,159

 
—

 
69,372

Commercial paper (matures within 1 year)
132,640

 
1

 
(91
)
 
132,550

Corporate debt securities (matures within 1 year)
180,465

 
3

 
(143
)
 
180,325

Corporate debt securities (matures after 1 year)
$
22,882

 
$
—

 
$
(26
)
 
$
22,856

Total marketable securities
$
379,200

 
$
26,163

 
$
(260
)
 
$
405,103

Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
$
1,382,879

 
$
26,163

 
$
(260
)
 
$
1,408,782

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and money market funds
$
1,183,945

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,183,945

Total cash and cash equivalents
$
1,183,945

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,183,945

Marketable securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Government-sponsored enterprise securities (matures within 1 year)
$
15,506

 
$
2

 
$
—

 
$
15,508

Corporate equity securities
43,213

 
21,347

 
—

 
64,560

Commercial paper (matures within 1 year)
59,331

 
73

 
—

 
59,404

Corporate debt securities (matures within 1 year)
111,225

 
—

 
(85
)
 
111,140

Total marketable securities
$
229,275

 
$
21,422

 
$
(85
)
 
$
250,612

Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
$
1,413,220

 
$
21,422

 
$
(85
)
 
$
1,434,557

The Company has a limited number of marketable securities in insignificant loss positions as of March 31, 2017, which the Company does not intend to sell and has concluded it will not be required to sell before recovery of the amortized costs for the investment at maturity. There were no charges recorded for other-than-temporary declines in fair value of marketable securities nor gross realized gains or losses recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.


19
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

G.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss)
A summary of the Company’s changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component is shown below:
 
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
 
Unrealized Holding Gains on Marketable Securities, net of tax
 
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Foreign Currency Forward Contracts, net of tax
 
Total
 
(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
(7,862
)
 
$
17,521

 
$
11,514

 
$
21,173

Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications
(2,001
)
 
3,534

 
(2,802
)
 
(1,269
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
—

 
—

 
(3,879
)
 
(3,879
)
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income
$
(2,001
)
 
$
3,534

 
$
(6,681
)
 
$
(5,148
)
Balance at March 31, 2017
$
(9,863
)
 
$
21,055

 
$
4,833

 
$
16,025

 
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
 
Unrealized Holding Gains on Marketable Securities
 
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Foreign Currency Forward Contracts, net of tax
 
Total
 
(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2015
$
(2,080
)
 
$
126

 
$
3,778

 
$
1,824

Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications
(1,740
)
 
229

 
(3,827
)
 
(5,338
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
—

 
—

 
(1,385
)
 
(1,385
)
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income
$
(1,740
)
 
$
229

 
$
(5,212
)
 
$
(6,723
)
Balance at March 31, 2016
$
(3,820
)
 
$
355

 
$
(1,434
)
 
$
(4,899
)
H.
Hedging
The Company maintains a hedging program intended to mitigate the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates for a portion of the Company’s forecasted product revenues denominated in certain foreign currencies. The program includes foreign currency forward contracts that are designated as cash flow hedges under GAAP having contractual durations from one to eighteen months.
The Company formally documents the relationship between foreign currency forward contracts (hedging instruments) and forecasted product revenues (hedged items), as well as the Company’s risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedging activities, which includes matching all foreign currency forward contracts that are designated as cash flow hedges to forecasted transactions. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the foreign currency forward contracts are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of hedged items on a prospective and retrospective basis. If the Company determines that a (i) foreign currency forward contract is not highly effective as a cash flow hedge, (ii) foreign currency forward contract has ceased to be a highly effective hedge or (iii) forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring, the Company would discontinue hedge accounting treatment prospectively. The Company measures effectiveness based on the change in fair value of the forward contracts and the fair value of the hypothetical foreign currency forward contracts with terms that match the critical terms of the risk being hedged. As of March 31, 2017, all hedges were determined to be highly effective and the Company had not recorded any ineffectiveness related to the hedging program.
The following table summarizes the notional amount of the Company’s outstanding foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges:
 
As of March 31, 2017
 
As of December 31, 2016
Foreign Currency
(in thousands)
Euro
$
187,375

 
$
164,368

British pound sterling
66,133

 
65,237

Australian dollar
28,645

 
23,776

Total foreign currency forward contracts
$
282,153

 
$
253,381

The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s outstanding foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges under GAAP included on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets:
As of March 31, 2017
Assets
 
Liabilities
Classification
 
Fair Value
 
Classification
 
Fair Value
(in thousands)
Prepaid and other current assets
 
$
8,318

 
Other liabilities, current portion
 
$
(613
)
Other assets
 
249

 
Other liabilities, excluding current portion
 
(86
)
Total assets
 
$
8,567

 
Total liabilities
 
$
(699
)
As of December 31, 2016
Assets
 
Liabilities
Classification
 
Fair Value
 
Classification
 
Fair Value
(in thousands)
Prepaid and other current assets
 
$
14,407

 
Other liabilities, current portion
 
$
(144
)
Other assets
 
1,186

 
Other liabilities, excluding current portion
 
—

Total assets
 
$
15,593

 
Total liabilities
 
$
(144
)
The following table summarizes the potential effect of offsetting derivatives by type of financial instrument on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets:
 
As of March 31, 2017
 
Gross Amounts Recognized
 
Gross Amounts Offset
 
Gross Amounts Presented
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset
 
Legal Offset
Foreign currency forward contracts
(in thousands)
Total assets
$
8,567

 
$
—

 
$
8,567

 
$
(699
)
 
$
7,868

Total liabilities
$
(699
)
 
$
—

 
$
(699
)
 
$
699

 
$
—

 
As of December 31, 2016
 
Gross Amounts Recognized
 
Gross Amounts Offset
 
Gross Amounts Presented
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset
 
Legal Offset
Foreign currency forward contracts
(in thousands)
Total assets
$
15,593

 
$
—

 
$
15,593

 
$
(144
)
 
$
15,449

Total liabilities
$
(144
)
 
$
—

 
$
(144
)
 
$
144

 
$
—



20
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

I. Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following:
 
As of March 31, 2017
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
(in thousands)
Raw materials
$
9,172

 
$
6,348

Work-in-process
60,921

 
56,672

Finished goods
11,927

 
14,584

Total
$
82,020

 
$
77,604

Based on its evaluation of, among other factors, information regarding tezacaftor's safety and efficacy, the Company has begun capitalizing insignificant inventory costs for tezacaftor manufactured in preparation for its potential product launch. In periods prior, the Company expensed costs associated with tezacaftor’s raw materials and work-in-process as a development expense. The Company is planning to submit a New Drug Application to the United States Food and Drug Administration and a Marketing Authorization Application to the European Medicines Agency for tezacaftor in combination with ivacaftor during the third quarter of 2017. The Company plans to continue to monitor the status of the tezacaftor regulatory process and the other factors used to determine whether or not to capitalize the tezacaftor inventory and, if there are significant negative developments regarding tezacaftor, the Company could be required to impair previously capitalized costs.
J. Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Intangible Assets
As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, in-process research and development intangible assets of $284.3 million were recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. In 2015, the Company recorded an in-process research development intangible asset of $255.3 million related to Parion’s pulmonary ENaC platform, including the intellectual property related to VX-371 and VX-551, that are licensed by Parion to the Company. In 2014, the Company recorded an in-process research development intangible asset of $29.0 million related to VX-210 that is licensed by BioAxone to the Company.
Goodwill
As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, goodwill of $50.4 million was recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet.
K. Long-term Obligations
Fan Pier Leases
In 2011, the Company entered into two lease agreements, pursuant to which the Company leases approximately 1.1 million square feet of office and laboratory space in two buildings (the “Buildings”) at Fan Pier in Boston, Massachusetts (the “Fan Pier Leases”). The Company commenced lease payments in December 2013, and will make lease payments pursuant to the Fan Pier Leases through December 2028. The Company has an option to extend the term of the Fan Pier Leases for an additional ten years.
Because the Company was involved in the construction project, the Company was deemed for accounting purposes to be the owner of the Buildings during the construction period and recorded project construction costs incurred by the landlord. Upon completion of the Buildings, the Company evaluated the Fan Pier Leases and determined that the Fan Pier Leases did not meet the criteria for “sale-leaseback” treatment. Accordingly, the Company began depreciating the asset and incurring interest expense related to the financing obligation in 2013. The Company bifurcates its lease payments pursuant to the Fan Pier Leases into (i) a portion that is allocated to the Buildings and (ii) a portion that is allocated to the land on which the Buildings were constructed. The portion of the lease obligations allocated to the land is treated as an operating lease that commenced in 2011.


21
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

Property and equipment, net, included $485.7 million and $489.0 million as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, related to construction costs for the Buildings. The carrying value of the Company’s lease agreement liability for the Buildings was $472.5 million and $472.6 million as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
San Diego Lease
On December 2, 2015, the Company entered into a lease agreement for 3215 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California with ARE-SD Region No. 23, LLC. Pursuant to this agreement, the Company agreed to lease approximately 170,000 square feet of office and laboratory space in a building to be built in San Diego, California. The lease will commence upon completion of the building, scheduled for the first half of 2018, and will extend for 16 years from the commencement date. Pursuant to the lease agreement, during the initial 16-year term, the Company will pay an average of approximately $10.2 million per year in aggregate rent, exclusive of operating expenses. The Company has the option to extend the lease term for up to two additional five-year terms.

Because the Company is involved in the construction project, the Company is deemed for accounting purposes to be the owner of the San Diego building during the construction period and recorded project construction costs incurred by the landlord. The Company bifurcates its lease payments pursuant to the San Diego Lease into (i) a portion that is allocated to the San Diego building and (ii) a portion that is allocated to the land on which the San Diego building was constructed. Although the Company will not begin making lease payments pursuant to the San Diego Lease until the commencement date, the portion of the lease obligation allocated to the land is treated for accounting purposes as an operating lease that commenced in the fourth quarter of 2016. Upon completion of the San Diego building, the Company will evaluate the San Diego Lease and determine if the San Diego Lease meets the criteria for “sale-leaseback” treatment. If the San Diego Lease meets the “sale-leaseback” criteria, the Company will remove the asset and the related liability from its consolidated balance sheet and treat the San Diego Lease as either an operating or a capital lease based on the Company’s assessment of the accounting guidance. The Company expects that upon completion of construction of the San Diego building the San Diego Lease will not meet the “sale-leaseback” criteria. If the San Diego Lease does not meet “sale-leaseback” criteria, the Company will treat the San Diego Lease as a financing obligation and will depreciate the asset over its estimated useful life. The Company has capitalized $28.9 million and $15.0 million as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Revolving Credit Facility
In October 2016, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and the lenders referred to therein. The Credit Agreement provides for a $500.0 million revolving facility, $300.0 million of which was drawn at closing (the “Loans”). The Credit Agreement also provides that, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, the Company may request that the borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement be increased by an additional $300.0 million. The Credit Agreement matures on October 13, 2021.
The proceeds of the borrowing under the Credit Agreement were used primarily to repay the Company’s then outstanding indebtedness under the Macquarie Loan. The Loans will bear interest, at the Company’s option, at either a base rate or a Eurodollar rate, in each case plus an applicable margin. Under the Credit Agreement, the applicable margins on base rate loans range from 0.75% to 1.50% and the applicable margins on Eurodollar loans range from 1.75% to 2.50%, in each case based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio (the ratio of the Company’s total consolidated debt to the Company’s trailing twelve-month EBITDA).
The Loans are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets and the assets of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries (excluding intellectual property, owned and leased real property and certain other excluded property) and by the equity interests of the Company’s subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions. Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, the Company must maintain, subject to certain limited exceptions, a consolidated leverage ratio of 3.00 to 1.00 and consolidated EBITDA of at least $200.0 million, in each case to be measured on a quarterly basis.
The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and usual and customary affirmative and negative covenants. The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default. In the case of a continuing event of


22
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

default, the administrative agent would be entitled to exercise various remedies, including the acceleration of amounts due under outstanding loans. In February 2017, the Company repaid all $300.0 million outstanding under the Credit Agreement.
Term Loan
In July 2014, the Company entered into a credit agreement with the lenders party thereto, and Macquarie US Trading LLC (“Macquarie”), as administrative agent. The credit agreement provided for a $300.0 million senior secured term loan (“Macquarie Loan”). On October 13, 2016, the Company terminated and repaid all outstanding obligations under the Macquarie Loan.
The Macquarie Loan initially bore interest at a rate of 7.2% per annum, which was reduced to 6.2% per annum based on the FDA’s approval of ORKAMBI. The Term Loan bore interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 5.0% per annum during the third year of the term.
The Company incurred $5.3 million in fees paid to Macquarie that were recorded as a discount on the Macquarie Loan and were recorded as interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the loan in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.
L. Stock-based Compensation Expense
During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recognized the following stock-based compensation expense:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(in thousands)
Stock-based compensation expense by type of award:
 
 
 
Stock options
$
26,981

 
$
26,260

Restricted stock and restricted stock units
40,745

 
27,533

ESPP share issuances
2,064

 
2,524

Less stock-based compensation expense capitalized to inventories
(808
)
 
(845
)
Total stock-based compensation included in costs and expenses
$
68,982

 
$
55,472

 
 
 
 
Stock-based compensation expense by line item:
 
 
 
Research and development expenses
$
44,837

 
$
34,448

Sales, general and administrative expenses
24,145

 
21,024

Total stock-based compensation included in costs and expenses
$
68,982

 
$
55,472

The following table sets forth the Company’s unrecognized stock-based compensation expense by type of award and the weighted-average period over which that expense is expected to be recognized:


23
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

 
As of March 31, 2017
 
Unrecognized Expense
 
Weighted-average
Recognition
Period
 
(in thousands)
 
(in years)
Type of award:
 
 
 
Stock options
$
200,906

 
2.65
Restricted stock and restricted stock units
$
291,088

 
2.57
ESPP share issuances
$
2,016

 
0.43
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2017:
 
 
Options Outstanding
 
Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices
 
Number
Outstanding
 
Weighted-average
Remaining
Contractual Life
 
Weighted-average
Exercise Price
 
Number
Exercisable
 
Weighted-average
Exercise Price
 
 
(in thousands)
 
(in years)
 
(per share)
 
(in thousands)
 
(per share)
$18.93–$20.00
 
134

 
0.85
 
$
18.93

 
134

 
$
18.93

$20.01–$40.00
 
1,576

 
2.95
 
$
33.77

 
1,576

 
$
33.77

$40.01–$60.00
 
1,678

 
5.34
 
$
48.36

 
1,678

 
$
48.36

$60.01–$80.00
 
1,279

 
6.88
 
$
75.86

 
924

 
$
75.61

$80.01–$100.00
 
5,932

 
8.65
 
$
89.51

 
1,757

 
$
89.81

$100.01–$120.00
 
1,572

 
7.79
 
$
109.33

 
799

 
$
109.30

$120.01–$134.69
 
1,427

 
8.22
 
$
130.53

 
668

 
$
130.27

Total
 
13,598

 
7.19
 
$
82.60

 
7,536

 
$
71.52

M. Other Arrangements
Sale of HIV Protease Inhibitor Royalty Stream
In 2008, the Company sold to a third party its rights to receive royalty payments from GlaxoSmithKline plc, net of royalty amounts to be earned by and due to a third party, for a one-time cash payment of $160.0 million. These royalty payments relate to net sales of HIV protease inhibitors, which had been developed pursuant to a collaboration agreement between the Company and GlaxoSmithKline plc. As of March 31, 2017, the Company had $11.8 million in deferred revenues related to the one-time cash payment, which it is recognizing over the life of the collaboration agreement with GlaxoSmithKline plc based on the units-of-revenue method. In addition, the Company continues to recognize royalty revenues equal to the amount of the third-party subroyalty and an offsetting royalty expense for the third-party subroyalty payment.
N. Income Taxes
The Company is subject to United States federal, state, and foreign income taxes. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $4.0 million. The provision for income taxes recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2017 included a provision of $0.4 million related to the Company’s VIEs’ income tax provision. The Company has no liability for taxes payable by the Company’s VIEs and the income tax provision and related liability have been allocated to noncontrolling interest (VIE). For the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $5.5 million. The provision for income taxes recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2016 included a benefit of $3.1 million related to the Company’s VIEs’ income tax provision.
As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company did not have unrecognized tax benefits. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income taxes as a component of income tax expense. As of March 31, 2017, no interest and penalties have been accrued. The Company does not expect that its unrecognized tax benefits will materially increase within the next twelve months. The Company did not recognize any material interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
The Company continues to maintain a valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets where it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized because of its extended history of annual losses.
As described in Footnote A, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-09, during the three month period ended March 31, 2017. The ASU eliminates additional paid in capital (“APIC”) pools and requires excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies to be recorded in the consolidated statement of operations when the awards vest or are settled. Amendments related to accounting for excess tax benefits have been adopted prospectively resulting in a tax benefit of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. In connection with the adoption of this new standard, the Company recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment of $410.8 million as of January 1, 2017 to accumulated deficit and deferred tax assets, with an equal offsetting adjustment to the valuation allowance. In addition, the Company has recorded $9.4 million related to the impact from adoption of the provisions related to forfeiture rates to accumulated deficit. This change also increased the deferred tax assets by $3.4 million that is offset by an increase to the valuation allowance in the same amount.

The Company files United States federal income tax returns and income tax returns in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to any tax assessment from an income tax examination in the United States or any other major taxing jurisdiction for years before 2011, except where the Company has net operating losses or tax credit carryforwards that originate before 2011. The Company currently is under examination by Canada Revenue Agency for the years ending December 31, 2011 through December 31, 2013. No adjustments have been reported.
At March 31, 2017, foreign earnings, which were not significant, have been retained indefinitely by foreign subsidiary companies for reinvestment; therefore, no provision has been made for income taxes that would be payable upon the distribution of such earnings, and it would not be practicable to determine the amount of the related unrecognized deferred income tax liability. Upon repatriation of those earnings, in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company would be subject to United States federal income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits) and withholding taxes payable to the various foreign countries.
O. Restructuring Liabilities
Research and Development Restructuring
In February 2017, the Company decided to consolidate its research activities into its Boston, Milton Park and San Diego locations and to close the research site in Canada.  As a result, the Company is in the process of closing one of its research sites.  In connection with this decision, approximately 70 positions were affected. The Company estimates that it will incur aggregate restructuring charges of approximately $11.3 million to $13.0 million, including $6.8 million for employee salary, severance and benefit costs, $2.0 million in assets associated with the restructuring that have become impaired and $2.5 million to $4.2 million for other costs primarily related to the Company’s exit from the facility.


24
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

The restructuring charge and other activities recorded during the the three months ended March 31, 2017 and the related liability balance as of March 31, 2017 were as follows:

 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
(in thousands)
Liability, beginning of the period
$
—

Restructuring expense
9,218

Cash payments
(3,258
)
Asset impairments and other non-cash expense
(2,233
)
Liability, end of the period
$
3,727

2003 Kendall Restructuring
In 2003, the Company adopted a plan to restructure its operations to coincide with its increasing internal emphasis on advancing drug candidates through clinical development to commercialization. The restructuring liability relates to specialized laboratory and office space that is leased to the Company pursuant to a 15-year lease that terminates in 2018. The Company has not used more than 50% of this space since it adopted the plan to restructure its operations in 2003. This unused laboratory and office space currently is subleased to third parties.
The activities related to the restructuring liability for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(in thousands)
Liability, beginning of the period
$
4,328

 
$
7,944

Restructuring expense
485

 
203

Cash payments
(5,264
)
 
(3,931
)
Cash received from subleases
2,976

 
3,008

Liability, end of the period
$
2,525

 
$
7,224

Fan Pier Move Restructuring
In connection with the relocation of its Massachusetts operations to Fan Pier in Boston, Massachusetts, which commenced in 2013, the Company is incurring restructuring charges related to its remaining lease obligations at its facilities in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The majority of these restructuring charges were recorded in the third quarter of 2014 upon decommissioning three facilities in Cambridge. During the first quarter of 2015, the Company terminated two of these lease agreements resulting in a credit to restructuring expense equal to the difference between the Company’s estimated future cash flows related to its lease obligations for these facilities and the termination payment paid to the Company’s landlord on the effective date of the termination. The third major facility included in this restructuring activity is 120,000 square feet of the Kendall Square Facility that the Company continued to use for its operations following its 2003 Kendall Restructuring. The rentable square footage in this portion of the Kendall Square Facility was subleased to a third party in February 2015. The Company will continue to incur charges through April 2018 related to the difference between the Company’s estimated future cash flows related to this portion of the Kendall Square Facility, which include an estimate for sublease income to be received from the Company’s sublessee and its actual cash flows. The Company discounted the estimated cash flows related to this restructuring activity at a discount rate of 9%.
The activities related to the restructuring liability for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:


25
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(in thousands)
Liability, beginning of the period
$
3,626

 
$
5,964

Restructuring expense
296

 
233

Cash payments
(4,405
)
 
(3,156
)
Cash received from subleases
2,478

 
2,408

Liability, end of the period
$
1,995

 
$
5,449

Other Restructuring Activities
The Company has engaged in several other restructuring activities that are unrelated to its 2003 Kendall Restructuring and Fan Pier Move Restructuring. The most significant activity commenced in October 2013 when the Company adopted a restructuring plan that included (i) a workforce reduction primarily related to the commercial support of INCIVEK following the continued and rapid decline in the number of patients being treated with INCIVEK as new medicines for the treatment of HCV infection neared approval and (ii) the write-off of certain assets. This action resulted from the Company’s decision to focus its investment on future opportunities in CF and other research and development programs.
The remaining restructuring activities were completed in 2016. As such, there was no outstanding liability as of March 31, 2017. The activities related to the Company’s other restructuring liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2016 were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
(in thousands)
Liability, beginning of the period
$
1,450

Restructuring expense
251

Cash payments
(439
)
Liability, end of the period
$
1,262

P. Commitments and Contingencies
Guaranties and Indemnifications
As permitted under Massachusetts law, the Company’s Articles of Organization and By-laws provide that the Company will indemnify certain of its officers and directors for certain claims asserted against them in connection with their service as an officer or director. The maximum potential amount of future payments that the Company could be required to make under these indemnification provisions is unlimited. However, the Company has purchased directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies that could reduce its monetary exposure and enable it to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. No indemnification claims currently are outstanding, and the Company believes the estimated fair value of these indemnification arrangements is minimal.
The Company customarily agrees in the ordinary course of its business to indemnification provisions in agreements with clinical trial investigators and sites in its drug development programs, sponsored research agreements with academic and not-for-profit institutions, various comparable agreements involving parties performing services for the Company and its real estate leases. The Company also customarily agrees to certain indemnification provisions in its drug discovery, development and commercialization collaboration agreements. With respect to the Company’s clinical trials and sponsored research agreements, these indemnification provisions typically apply to any claim asserted against the investigator or the investigator’s institution relating to personal injury or property damage, violations of law or certain breaches of the Company’s contractual obligations arising out of the research or clinical testing of the Company’s compounds or drug candidates. With respect to lease agreements, the indemnification provisions typically apply to claims asserted against the landlord relating to personal injury or property damage caused by the Company, to violations of law by the Company or to


26
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

certain breaches of the Company’s contractual obligations. The indemnification provisions appearing in the Company’s collaboration agreements are similar to those for the other agreements discussed above, but in addition provide some limited indemnification for its collaborator in the event of third-party claims alleging infringement of intellectual property rights. In each of the cases above, the indemnification obligation generally survives the termination of the agreement for some extended period, although the Company believes the obligation typically has the most relevance during the contract term and for a short period of time thereafter. The maximum potential amount of future payments that the Company could be required to make under these provisions is generally unlimited. The Company has purchased insurance policies covering personal injury, property damage and general liability that reduce its exposure for indemnification and would enable it in many cases to recover all or a portion of any future amounts paid. The Company has never paid any material amounts to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification provisions. Accordingly, the Company believes the estimated fair value of these indemnification arrangements is minimal.
Other Contingencies
The Company has certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities. The Company accrues a reserve for contingent liabilities when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. There were no material contingent liabilities accrued as of March 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016.


27

Item 2.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
OVERVIEW
We are in the business of discovering, developing, manufacturing and commercializing medicines for serious diseases. We use precision medicine approaches with the goal of creating transformative medicines for patients in specialty markets. Our business is focused on developing and commercializing therapies for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, or CF, and advancing our research and development programs in other indications, while maintaining our financial strength. Our two marketed products are ORKAMBI (lumacaftor in combination with ivacaftor) and KALYDECO (ivacaftor).
Cystic Fibrosis
ORKAMBI and KALYDECO are approved to treat approximately 40% of the 75,000 CF patients in North America, Europe and Australia. ORKAMBI (lumacaftor in combination with ivacaftor) is approved as a treatment for approximately 25,000 patients who have two copies (homozygous) of the F508del mutation in their cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, or CFTR, gene. KALYDECO (ivacaftor) is approved for the treatment of approximately 4,000 CF patients who have the G551D mutation or other specified mutations in their CFTR gene. Our goal is to develop treatment regimens that will provide benefits to as many patients with CF as possible and will enhance the benefits that currently are being provided to patients taking our medicines.
CF Development Programs
We have multiple development programs in the field of CF, including:
•
Tezacaftor is a corrector compound that we are evaluating in a Phase 3 development program in combination with ivacaftor in multiple CF patient populations who have at least one copy of the F508del mutation in their CFTR gene.
◦
In the first quarter of 2017, we obtained positive results from two Phase 3 clinical trials that showed statistically significant improvements in lung function (percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second, or ppFEV1) in patients with CF 12 years of age and older who have certain mutations in their CFTR gene. The 24-week EVOLVE clinical trial evaluated tezacaftor in combination with ivacaftor in patients with CF who are homozygous for the F508del mutation in their CFTR gene. This clinical trial met its primary endpoint with a mean absolute improvement in ppFEV1 through 24 weeks of 4.0 percentage points from baseline compared to placebo (p < 0.0001). The second clinical trial, EXPAND, was an 8-week crossover clinical trial that evaluated the combination treatment in patients with CF who have one mutation that results in residual CFTR function and one F508del mutation. This clinical trial met the primary endpoints of absolute change in ppFEV1 from baseline to the average of the Week 4 and Week 8 measurements, with the tezacaftor/ivacaftor combination treatment demonstrating a mean absolute improvement of 6.8 percentage points compared to placebo (p < 0.0001) and the ivacaftor monotherapy group demonstrating a mean absolute improvement of 4.7 percentage points compared to placebo (p < 0.0001). Across both clinical trials, the tezacaftor/ivacaftor combination treatment was generally well tolerated. Based on these results, we plan to submit a New Drug Application, or NDA, to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA and a Marketing Authorization Application, or MAA, to the European Medicines Agency, or EMA, in the third quarter of 2017.
◦
We expect to complete enrollment in a third Phase 3 clinical trial in the first half of 2017 evaluating tezacaftor in combination with ivacaftor in patients 12 years of age or older who have one copy of the F508del mutation and a second mutation that results in a gating mutation in the CFTR gene that has been shown to be responsive to ivacaftor alone.
◦
We are conducting a Phase 3 clinical trial of the tezacaftor/ivacaftor combination in patients with CF six to eleven years of age in the U.S. The clinical trial is evaluating the safety and tolerability of the tezacaftor/ivacaftor combination in children who are homozygous for the F508del mutation and in children who have one copy of the F508del mutation and a gating or residual function mutation.
•
VX-152, VX-440, VX-659 and VX-445 are next-generation CFTR corrector compounds that we are evaluating as part of triple combination treatment regimens. We are conducting Phase 2 clinical trials of VX-152 and VX-440 in patients with CF and Phase 1 clinical trials of VX-659 and VX-445 in healthy volunteers and patients with CF. We expect data for three of these triple combinations in patients with CF in the second half of 2017 and for the fourth triple combination that includes VX-445 in patients with CF in early 2018. We recently amended the Phase 2 clinical


28

trial evaluating VX-152, which was originally designed to evaluate two weeks of triple combination dosing, to add the evaluation of four weeks of triple combination dosing.
•
VX-371, an investigational epithelial sodium channel, or ENaC, inhibitor, is being evaluated in a Phase 2 development program and which we exclusively licensed from Parion Sciences, Inc., or Parion, in 2015.
Research and Development
We are engaged in a number of other research and mid- and early-stage development programs, including in the areas of pain and neurology. We have also entered into third-party collaborations pursuant to which we are engaged in the discovery and development of nucleic acid-based therapies for a variety of diseases, including CF. We plan to continue investing in our research programs and fostering scientific innovation in order to identify and develop transformative medicines. Our current research programs include programs targeting cystic fibrosis, adrenoleukodystrophy, alpha-1 antritrypsin deficiency, sickle cell disease and polycystic kidney disease. We believe that pursuing research in diverse areas allows us to balance the risks inherent in drug development and may provide drug candidates that will form our pipeline in future years.
Discovery and development of a new pharmaceutical product is a difficult and lengthy process that requires significant financial resources along with extensive technical and regulatory expertise and can take 10 to 15 years or more. Potential drug candidates are subjected to rigorous evaluations, driven in part by stringent regulatory considerations, designed to generate information concerning efficacy, side-effects, proper dosage levels and a variety of other physical and chemical characteristics that are important in determining whether a drug candidate should be approved for marketing as a pharmaceutical product. Most chemical compounds that are investigated as potential drug candidates never progress into development, and most drug candidates that do advance into development never receive marketing approval. Because our investments in drug candidates are subject to considerable risks, we closely monitor the results of our discovery, research, clinical trials and nonclinical studies and frequently evaluate our drug development programs in light of new data and scientific, business and commercial insights, with the objective of balancing risk and potential. This process can result in abrupt changes in focus and priorities as new information becomes available and as we gain additional understanding of our ongoing programs and potential new programs, as well as those of our competitors.
If we believe that data from a completed registration program support approval of a drug candidate, we submit an NDA to the FDA requesting approval to market the drug candidate in the United States and seek analogous approvals from comparable regulatory authorities in foreign jurisdictions. To obtain approval, we must, among other things, demonstrate with evidence gathered in nonclinical studies and well-controlled clinical trials that the drug candidate is safe and effective for the disease it is intended to treat and that the manufacturing facilities, processes and controls for the manufacture of the drug candidate are adequate. The FDA and foreign regulatory authorities have substantial discretion in deciding whether or not a drug candidate should be granted approval based on the benefits and risks of the drug candidate in the treatment of a particular disease, and could delay, limit or deny regulatory approval. If regulatory delays are significant or regulatory approval is limited or denied altogether, our financial results and the commercial prospects for the drug candidate involved will be harmed.
Collaboration Arrangements
We have entered into collaborations with biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies in order to acquire rights or to license drug candidates or technologies that enhance our pipeline and/or our research capabilities. Over the last several years, we entered into collaboration agreements with:
•
CRISPR Therapeutics AG, or CRISPR, pursuant to which we are collaborating on the discovery and development of potential new treatments aimed at the underlying genetic causes of human diseases using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology;
•
Parion, pursuant to which we are developing epithelial sodium channel, or ENaC, inhibitors for the treatment of pulmonary diseases;
•
Moderna Therapeutics, Inc., or Moderna, pursuant to which we are seeking to identify and develop mRNA therapeutics for the treatment of CF; and
•
BioAxone Biosciences, Inc., or BioAxone, pursuant to which we are evaluating VX-210 as a potential treatment for patients who have spinal cord injuries.
Generally, when we in-license a technology or drug candidate, we make upfront payments to the collaborator, assume the costs of the program and agree to make contingent payments, which could consist of milestone, royalty and option payments. Depending on many factors, including the structure of the collaboration, the significance of the drug candidate that we license to the collaborator’s operations and the other activities in which our collaborators are engaged, the accounting for these transactions can vary significantly. For example, the upfront payments and expenses incurred in connection with our CRISPR


29

and Moderna collaborations are being expensed as research expenses because the collaboration represents a small portion of these collaborators overall business. CRISPR’s and Moderna’s activities unrelated to our collaborations have no effect on our consolidated financial statements. Parion and BioAxone are being accounted for as variable interest entities, or VIEs, and are included in our consolidated financial statements due to (i) the significance of the respective licensed programs to Parion and BioAxone as a whole, (ii) our power to control the significant activities under each collaboration and (iii) our obligation to absorb losses and right to receive benefits that potentially could be significant. Each of our consolidated VIEs are engaging in activities unrelated to our collaboration, including in the case of Parion, seeking to develop novel treatments for pulmonary and ocular diseases. The revenues and expenses unrelated to the programs we in-license from our VIEs are immaterial to our consolidated financial statements. In each case, the activities unrelated to our collaboration represent less than 1% of our total revenues and total expenses. Because we consolidate our VIEs, we evaluate the fair value of the contingent payments payable by us on a quarterly basis. Changes in the fair value of these contingent future payments affect net income attributable to Vertex on a dollar-for-dollar basis, with increases in the fair value of contingent payments payable by us to a VIE resulting in a decrease in net income attributable to Vertex (or an increase in net loss attributable to Vertex) and decreases in the fair value of contingent payments payable by us to a VIE resulting in an increase in net income attributable to Vertex (or decrease in net loss attributable to Vertex).
We have also out-licensed internally developed programs to collaborators who are leading the development of these programs. These outlicense arrangements include our collaboration agreements with:
•
Merck KGaA, which is advancing four oncology research and development programs; and
•
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. which is developing JNJ-3872 (formerly VX-787) for the treatment of influenza.
Pursuant to these outlicensing arrangements, our collaborators are responsible for the research, development and commercialization costs associated with these programs and we are entitled to receive contingent milestone and/or royalty payments. As a result, we do not expect to incur significant expenses in connection with these programs and have the potential for future collaborative and/or royalty revenues resulting from these programs.

Regulatory Compliance
Our marketing of pharmaceutical products is subject to extensive and complex laws and regulations. We have a corporate compliance program designed to actively identify, prevent and mitigate risk through the implementation of compliance policies and systems, and through the promotion of a culture of compliance. Among other laws, regulations and standards, we are subject to various U.S. federal and state laws, and comparable foreign laws pertaining to health care fraud and abuse, including anti-kickback and false claims statutes, and laws prohibiting the promotion of drugs for unapproved or off-label uses. Anti-kickback laws make it illegal for a prescription drug manufacturer to solicit, offer, receive or pay any remuneration to induce the referral of business, including the purchase or prescription of a particular drug. False claims laws prohibit anyone from presenting for payment to third-party payors, including Medicare and Medicaid, claims for reimbursed drugs or services that are false or fraudulent, claims for items or services not provided as claimed, or claims for medically unnecessary items or services. We expect to continue to devote substantial resources to maintain, administer and expand these compliance programs globally.
Reimbursement
Sales of our products depend, to a large degree, on the extent to which our products are covered by third-party payors, such as government health programs, commercial insurance and managed health care organizations. We dedicate substantial management and other resources in order to obtain and maintain appropriate levels of reimbursement for our products from third-party payors, including governmental organizations in the United States and ex-U.S. markets. In the United States, we continue to engage in discussions with numerous commercial insurers and managed health care organizations, along with government health programs that are typically managed by authorities in the individual states. In Europe and other ex-U.S. markets, we are working to obtain government reimbursement for ORKAMBI on a country-by-country basis, because in many foreign countries patients are unable to access prescription pharmaceutical products that are not reimbursed by their governments. In the fourth quarter of 2016, we reached a pricing and reimbursement agreement for ORKAMBI with the German Federal Association of the Statutory Health Insurances. Consistent with our experience with KALYDECO when it was first approved, we expect reimbursement discussions in ex-U.S. markets may take a significant period of time.


30

Recent Pending Transaction
Concert Pharmaceuticals
In March 2017, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Pursuant to the agreement, we expect to acquire certain assets including CTP-656 from Concert. CTP-656 is an investigational CFTR potentiator that has the potential to be used as part of future once-daily combination regimens of CFTR modulators that treat the underlying cause of CF. As part of the agreement, we will pay Concert $160 million in cash for all worldwide development and commercialization rights to CTP-656. If CTP-656 is approved as part of a combination regimen to treat CF, Concert could receive up to an additional $90 million in milestones based on regulatory approval in the U.S. and reimbursement in the UK, Germany or France. The agreement remains subject to approval by Concert's shareholders and clearance under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act. Therefore, there was no accounting impact relating to this agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2017. We are in the process of evaluating the expected accounting effect of the pending transaction on our consolidated financial statements.



31

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Revenues
$
714,718

 
$
398,080

 
$
316,638

 
80
%
Operating costs and expenses
443,876

 
412,410

 
31,466

 
8
%
Other items, net
(23,086
)
 
(27,301
)
 
4,215

 
15
%
Net income (loss) attributable to Vertex
$
247,756

 
$
(41,631
)
 
$
289,387

 
n/a

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Vertex
Net income attributable to Vertex was $247.8 million in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to a net loss attributable to Vertex of $(41.6) million in the first quarter of 2016. Our revenues increased significantly in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to the first quarter of 2016 due to $230.0 million in one-time collaborative revenues related to the strategic collaboration and license agreement we established with Merck KGaA in the first quarter of 2017 and increased ORKAMBI and KALYDECO net product revenues. Our operating costs and expenses increased in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to the first quarter of 2016 primarily due to increases in research and development expenses, sales, general and administrative expenses and restructuring expenses, partially offset by a $13.9 million commercial milestone made in the first quarter of 2016. In the near term, we expect net income (loss) attributable to Vertex will be dependent on expected increases in ORKAMBI net product revenues.
Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Vertex Common Shareholders
Diluted net income per share attributable to Vertex common shareholders was $0.99 in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to a diluted net loss per share attributable to Vertex common shareholders of $(0.17) in the first quarter of 2016.
Revenues
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Product revenues, net
$
480,622

 
$
394,410

 
$
86,212

 
22
 %
Royalty revenues
1,551

 
3,596

 
(2,045
)
 
(57
)%
Collaborative revenues
232,545

 
74

 
232,471

 
n/a

Total revenues
$
714,718

 
$
398,080

 
$
316,638

 
80
 %
Product Revenues, Net
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands)
 
 
ORKAMBI
$
294,861

 
$
223,128

 
$
71,733

 
32
 %
KALYDECO
185,715

 
170,509

 
15,206

 
9
 %
INCIVEK
46

 
773

 
(727
)
 
(94
)%
Total product revenues, net
$
480,622

 
$
394,410

 
$
86,212

 
22
 %
Our total net product revenues increased in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to the first quarter of 2016 due to increased net product revenues from ORKAMBI and KALYDECO. In the first quarter of 2017 and 2016, we recognized approximately $31.4 million and $8.8 million, respectively, in ex-U.S. ORKAMBI net product revenues. Our condensed consolidated balance sheets include $104.8 million collected as of March 31, 2017, in France related to ORKAMBI, which has not resulted in any revenues. We believe that the level of our ORKAMBI revenues during 2017 will be dependent upon whether, when and on what terms we are able to obtain reimbursement in additional ex-U.S. markets, the number and rate at which additional patients begin treatment with ORKAMBI, the proportion of initiated patients who remain on treatment and the compliance rates for patients who remain on treatment.
The increase in KALYDECO net product revenues in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to the first quarter of 2016 included approximately $9 million in one-time revenue credits in the first quarter of 2017 primarily related to the finalization


32

of reimbursement agreements in certain European countries. In the first quarter of 2017 and 2016, we recognized approximately $84.2 million and $75.6 million, respectively, in ex-U.S. KALYDECO net product revenues.
We have withdrawn INCIVEK, which we previously marketed as a treatment for hepatitis C virus infection, from the market in the United States. We may continue to have small adjustments to INCIVEK revenues over the next several quarters as we adjust our INCIVEK reserves for rebates, chargebacks and discounts.
Royalty Revenues
Our royalty revenues were $1.6 million in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to $3.6 million in the first quarter of 2016. Our royalty revenues consist of (i) revenues related to a cash payment we received in 2008 when we sold our rights to certain HIV royalties and (ii) revenues related to certain third-party royalties payable by our collaborators on sales of HIV and HCV drugs that also result in corresponding royalty expenses.
Collaborative Revenues
Our collaborative revenues were $232.5 million in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to $0.1 million in the first quarter of 2016. The increase was due to revenue recognized related to the one-time upfront payment we received from Merck KGaA in the first quarter of 2017. Our collaborative revenues have historically fluctuated significantly from one period to another and may continue to fluctuate in the future.
Operating Costs and Expenses
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Cost of product revenues
$
46,242

 
$
49,789

 
$
(3,547
)
 
(7
)%
Royalty expenses
746

 
860

 
(114
)
 
(13
)%
Research and development expenses
273,563

 
255,860

 
17,703

 
7
 %
Sales, general and administrative expenses
113,326

 
105,214

 
8,112

 
8
 %
Restructuring expenses, net
9,999

 
687

 
9,312

 
1,355
 %
Total costs and expenses
$
443,876

 
$
412,410

 
$
31,466

 
8
 %
Cost of Product Revenues
Our cost of product revenues includes the cost of producing inventories that corresponded to product revenues for the reporting period, plus the third-party royalties payable on our net sales of our products. Pursuant to our agreement with Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Incorporated, or CFFT, our tiered third-party royalties on sales of KALYDECO and ORKAMBI, calculated as a percentage of net sales, range from the single digits to the sub-teens.
In the first quarter of 2016, our cost of product revenues included a $13.9 million commercial milestone that was earned by CFFT related to sales of ORKAMBI. There are no further commercial milestones payable to CFFT. In future periods, we expect our cost of product revenues to be dependent on our net product revenues with a lower royalty rate at the beginning of each year due to the tiered royalty structure.
Royalty Expenses
Royalty expenses include expenses related to a subroyalty payable to a third party on net sales of an HIV protease inhibitor sold by GlaxoSmithKline and third-party royalties payable upon net sales of telaprevir by our collaborators in their territories. Royalty expenses do not include royalties we pay to CFFT on sales of KALYDECO and ORKAMBI, which instead are included in cost of product revenues.
Research and Development Expenses
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Research expenses
$
73,056

 
$
63,010

 
$
10,046

 
16
%
Development expenses
200,507

 
192,850

 
7,657

 
4
%
Total research and development expenses
$
273,563

 
$
255,860

 
$
17,703

 
7
%


33

Our research and development expenses include internal and external costs incurred for research and development of our drugs and drug candidates. We do not assign our internal costs, such as salary and benefits, stock-based compensation expense, laboratory supplies and other direct expenses and infrastructure costs, to individual drugs or drug candidates, because the employees within our research and development groups typically are deployed across multiple research and development programs. These internal costs are significantly greater than our external costs, such as the costs of services provided to us by clinical research organizations and other outsourced research, which we allocate by individual program. All research and development costs for our drugs and drug candidates are expensed as incurred.
Since January 1, 2014, we have incurred $3.2 billion in research and development expenses associated with drug discovery and development. The successful development of our drug candidates is highly uncertain and subject to a number of risks. In addition, the duration of clinical trials may vary substantially according to the type, complexity and novelty of the drug candidate and the disease indication being targeted. The FDA and comparable agencies in foreign countries impose substantial requirements on the introduction of therapeutic pharmaceutical products, typically requiring lengthy and detailed laboratory and clinical testing procedures, sampling activities and other costly and time-consuming procedures. Data obtained from nonclinical and clinical activities at any step in the testing process may be adverse and lead to discontinuation or redirection of development activities. Data obtained from these activities also are susceptible to varying interpretations, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. The duration and cost of discovery, nonclinical studies and clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project and are difficult to predict. Therefore, accurate and meaningful estimates of the ultimate costs to bring our drug candidates to market are not available.
In 2016 and the three months ended March 31, 2017, costs related to our CF programs represented the largest portion of our development costs. Any estimates regarding development and regulatory timelines for our drug candidates are highly subjective and subject to change. We are planning to submit an NDA and an MAA for tezacaftor in combination with ivacaftor in the third quarter of 2017. We cannot make a meaningful estimate when, if ever, our other clinical development programs will generate revenues and cash flows.
Research Expenses
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Research Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salary and benefits
$
21,533

 
$
20,710

 
$
823

 
4
%
Stock-based compensation expense
13,691

 
10,656

 
3,035

 
28
%
Laboratory supplies and other direct expenses
11,365

 
9,874

 
1,491

 
15
%
Outsourced services
7,337

 
4,161

 
3,176

 
76
%
Infrastructure costs
19,130

 
17,609

 
1,521

 
9
%
Total research expenses
$
73,056

 
$
63,010

 
$
10,046

 
16
%
We maintain a substantial investment in research activities. Our research expenses increased by 16% in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to the first quarter of 2016. We expect to continue to invest in our research programs with a focus on identifying drug candidates with the goal of creating transformative medicines.
Development Expenses
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Development Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salary and benefits
$
51,954

 
$
44,351

 
$
7,603

 
17
 %
Stock-based compensation expense
31,146

 
23,792

 
7,354

 
31
 %
Laboratory supplies and other direct expenses
11,030

 
8,250

 
2,780

 
34
 %
Outsourced services
73,435

 
84,488

 
(11,053
)
 
(13
)%
Drug supply costs
1,949

 
2,653

 
(704
)
 
(27
)%
Infrastructure costs
30,993

 
29,316

 
1,677

 
6
 %
Total development expenses
$
200,507

 
$
192,850

 
$
7,657

 
4
 %
Our development expenses increased by 4% in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to the first quarter of 2016 due to increases in expenses related to our employees partially offset by decreases in our outsourced services expenses.


34

Sales, General and Administrative Expenses
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase/(Decrease)
 
2017
 
2016
 
$
 
%
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Sales, general and administrative expenses
$
113,326

 
$
105,214

 
$
8,112

 
8
%
Sales, general and administrative expenses increased by 8% in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to the first quarter of 2016, primarily due to increased investment in commercial support for ORKAMBI in ex-U.S. markets.
Restructuring Expense, Net
We recorded restructuring expenses of $10.0 million in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to restructuring expenses of $0.7 million in the first quarter of 2016. The increase in our restructuring expenses in the first quarter of 2017 primarily relate to our decision to consolidate our research activities into our Boston, Milton Park and San Diego locations and to close our research site in Canada.
Other Items
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net was $16.8 million in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to $20.7 million in the first quarter of 2016. The decrease in interest expense, net in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to the repayment of the $300.0 million of the revolving credit facility in February 2017. During the remainder of 2017, we expect to incur approximately $45 million of interest expense associated with the leases for our corporate headquarters and our interest expense related to our revolving credit facility will be dependent on whether, and to what extent, we reborrow amounts under the existing facility.
Other (Expense) Income, Net
Other (expense) income, net was an expense of $0.5 million in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to income of $4.4 million in the first quarter of 2016. Other (expense) income, net in each of the first quarter of 2017 and the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to foreign exchange gains and losses.
Income Taxes
We recorded a provision for income taxes of $4.0 million in the first quarter of 2017 as compared to $5.5 million in the first quarter of 2016. The provision for income taxes in the first quarter of 2017 was primarily related to state income tax expense in jurisdictions where there are no net operating losses as well as several foreign jurisdictions.  The provision for income taxes in the first quarter of 2016 was due to income tax on our VIEs.
Noncontrolling Interest (VIEs)
The net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest (VIEs) recorded on our condensed consolidated statements of operations reflects Parion and BioAxone’s net loss (income) for the reporting period, adjusted for any changes in the noncontrolling interest holders’ claim to net assets, including contingent milestone, royalty and option payments. A summary of net income attributable to noncontrolling interest related to our VIEs for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
(in thousands)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest before provision for income taxes
$
1,547

 
$
839

Provision for income taxes
391

 
3,062

Increase in fair value of contingent payments
(3,730
)
 
(9,430
)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
$
(1,792
)
 
$
(5,529
)

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
As of March 31, 2017, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $1.41 billion, which represented a decrease of $26 million from $1.43 billion as of December 31, 2016. In the first quarter of 2017, our cash, cash equivalents


35

and marketable securities balance decreased due to the $300.0 million repayment of our revolving credit facility, partially offset by cash received from our collaboration with Merck KGaA in the first quarter of 2017 and cash receipts from product sales. We expect that our future cash flows will be substantially dependent on CF product sales.
Sources of Liquidity
We intend to rely on our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities together with cash flows from product sales as our primary source of liquidity. We are receiving cash flows from sales of ORKAMBI and KALYDECO from the United States and ex-U.S. markets. Future net product revenues for ORKAMBI from ex-U.S. markets will be dependent on, among other things, the timing of and ability to complete reimbursement discussions in European countries.
In February 2017, we repaid the $300.0 million we had borrowed under our $500.0 million revolving credit facility. We may repay and reborrow amounts under the revolving credit agreement without penalty. Subject to certain conditions, we may request that the borrowing capacity under this credit agreement be increased by an additional $300.0 million.
In 2015, we also received significant proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our employee benefit plans, but we received limited proceeds from employee benefit plans in 2016 and the amount and timing of future proceeds from employee benefits plans is uncertain. Other possible sources of liquidity include strategic collaborative agreements that include research and/or development funding, commercial debt, public and private offerings of our equity and debt securities, development milestones and royalties on sales of products, software and equipment leases, strategic sales of assets or businesses and financial transactions. Negative covenants in our credit agreement may prohibit or limit our ability to access these sources of liquidity.
Future Capital Requirements
We incur substantial operating expenses to conduct research and development activities and to operate our organization. Under the terms of our credit agreement entered into in October 2016, we are required to repay all outstanding principal amounts in 2021. We also have substantial facility and capital lease obligations, including leases for two buildings in Boston, Massachusetts that continue through 2028 and capital expenditures for our building under construction in San Diego, California. In addition, we have entered into certain collaboration agreements with third parties that include the funding of certain research, development and commercialization efforts with the potential for future milestone and royalty payments by us upon the achievement of pre-established developmental and regulatory targets. In the first quarter of 2017, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with Concert pursuant to which we expect to make a $160.0 million payment contingent upon approval by Concert’s shareholders and clearance under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act.

We expect that cash flows from ORKAMBI and KALYDECO, together with our current cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months. The adequacy of our available funds to meet our future operating and capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the amounts of future revenues generated by ORKAMBI and KALYDECO and the potential introduction of one or more of our other drug candidates to the market, the level of our business development activities and the number, breadth, cost and prospects of our research and development programs.

Financing Strategy
We have a $500.0 million revolving credit facility that we entered into in October 2016. We may repay and reborrow amounts under the revolving credit agreement without penalty. In addition, subject to certain conditions, we may request that the borrowing capacity under this credit agreement be increased by an additional $300.0 million. We may raise additional capital through public offerings or private placements of our securities or securing new collaborative agreements or other methods of financing. We will continue to manage our capital structure and will consider all financing opportunities, whenever they may occur, that could strengthen our long-term liquidity profile. There can be no assurance that any such financing opportunities will be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
CONTRACTUAL COMMITMENTS AND OBLIGATIONS
Our commitments and obligations were reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on February 23, 2017. There have been no material changes from the contractual commitments and obligations previously disclosed in that Annual Report on Form 10-K, except that:
•
In February 2017, we repaid the outstanding $300 million balance of our revolving credit facility.


36

•
In March 2017, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with Concert to acquire certain assets including CTP-656 from Concert. Upon closing, we will be required to pay Concert $160 million in cash for all worldwide development and commercialization rights to CTP-656.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported periods. These items are monitored and analyzed by management for changes in facts and circumstances, and material changes in these estimates could occur in the future. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results for the period in which the change occurs. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from our estimates if past experience or other assumptions do not turn out to be substantially accurate. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, there were no material changes to our critical accounting policies as reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, which was filed with the SEC on February 23, 2017.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements please refer to Note A, “Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies—Recent Accounting Pronouncements.”
Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As part of our investment portfolio, we own financial instruments that are sensitive to market risks. The investment portfolio is used to preserve our capital until it is required to fund operations, including our research and development activities. None of these market risk-sensitive instruments are held for trading purposes.
Interest Rate Risk
We invest our cash in a variety of financial instruments, principally securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies, investment-grade corporate bonds and commercial paper, and money market funds. These investments are denominated in U.S. dollars. All of our interest-bearing securities are subject to interest rate risk and could decline in value if interest rates fluctuate. Substantially all of our investment portfolio consists of marketable securities with active secondary or resale markets to help ensure portfolio liquidity, and we have implemented guidelines limiting the term-to-maturity of our investment instruments. Due to the conservative nature of these instruments, we do not believe that we have a material exposure to interest rate risk. If interest rates were to increase or decrease by 1%, the fair value of our investment portfolio would increase or decrease by an immaterial amount.
Foreign Exchange Market Risk
As a result of our foreign operations, we face exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily the Euro, Swiss Franc, British Pound, Australian Dollar and Canadian Dollar against the U.S. dollar. The current exposures arise primarily from cash, accounts receivable, intercompany receivables, payables and inventories. Both positive and negative affects to our net revenues from international product sales from movements in foreign currency exchange rates are partially mitigated by the natural, opposite affect that foreign currency exchange rates have on our international operating costs and expenses.
We have a foreign currency management program with the objective of reducing the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on our operating results and forecasted revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies. We currently have hedges for Euro, British Pound and Australian Dollar. These cash flow hedges qualify for hedge accounting. As of March 31, 2017, we held foreign exchange forward contracts with notional amounts totaling $282.2 million. As of March 31, 2017, our outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts had a net fair value of $7.9 million.
Based on our foreign currency exchange rate exposures at March 31, 2017, a hypothetical 10% adverse fluctuation in exchange rates would decrease the fair value of our foreign exchange forward contracts that are designated as cash flow hedges by approximately $28.2 million at March 31, 2017. The resulting loss on these forward contracts would be offset by the gain on the underlying transactions and therefore would have minimal impact on future anticipated earnings and cash flows. Similarly, adverse fluctuations in exchange rates that would decrease the fair value of our foreign exchange forward contracts that are not designated as hedge instruments would be offset by a positive impact of the underlying monetary assets and liabilities.
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, have concluded that, based on such evaluation, as of March 31, 2017 our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2017 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. Other Information
Item 1.     Legal Proceedings
There have been no material changes from the legal proceedings previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on February 23, 2017.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Information regarding risk factors appears in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, which was filed with the SEC on February 23, 2017. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in that Annual Report on Form 10-K, except that:

Our business depends on the success of tezacaftor in combination with ivacaftor, which has not been approved by the FDA or the European Commission. If we are unable to obtain marketing approval or experience material delays in obtaining marketing approval for lumacaftor in combination with ivacaftor, our business will be materially harmed.

In the first quarter of 2017, we obtained positive results from two Phase 3 clinical trials of tezacaftor in combination with ivacaftor that showed statistically significant improvements in lung function in patients with CF 12 years of age and older who have certain mutations in their CFTR gene. Based on these results, we plan to submit an NDA in the United States and an MAA in Europe for this potential combination regimen in the third quarter of 2017. Obtaining approval of an NDA or an MAA is a lengthy, expensive and uncertain process, and we may not be successful. Obtaining marketing approval for the combination of tezacaftor and ivacaftor in one country or region does not ensure that we will be able to obtain marketing approval in any other country or region. Obtaining approval to market the combination of tezacaftor and ivacaftor will depend on many factors, including:
•
whether or not the FDA and European regulatory authorities determine that the evidence gathered in well-controlled clinical trials, other clinical trials and nonclinical studies demonstrates that tezacaftor in combination with ivacaftor is safe and effective as a treatment for patients for whom marketing approval is sought;


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•
whether or not the FDA and European regulatory authorities are satisfied that the manufacturing facilities, processes and controls for the combination of tezacaftor and ivacaftor are adequate, that the labeling is satisfactory and that plans for post-marketing studies, safety monitoring and risk evaluation and mitigation are sufficient; and
•
the timing and nature of the FDA and European Medicines Agency, or EMA's, comments and questions regarding the NDA and MAA for the combination of lumacaftor and ivacaftor, the scheduling and recommendations of any advisory committee meeting to consider the combination of tezacaftor and ivacaftor, the time required to respond to the FDA or EMA’s comments and questions and to obtain the final labeling for the combination of tezacaftor and ivacaftor and any other delays that may be associated with the NDA and MAA review process.
Even if a product is approved, the FDA or the European Commission, as the case may be, may limit the indications for which the product may be marketed, require extensive warnings on the product labeling or require expensive and time-consuming clinical trials or reporting as conditions of approval. If we experience material delays in obtaining marketing approval for the combination of tezacaftor and ivacaftor in either the United States or Europe, our future net product revenues and cash flows will be adversely effected. If we do not obtain approval to market the combination of tezacaftor and ivacaftor in the United States or Europe, our business will be materially harmed. Additionally, even if the combination of tezacaftor and ivacaftor receives marketing approval, coverage and reimbursement may not be available and, even if it is available, the level of reimbursement may not be satisfactory. The regulations that govern pricing, coverage and reimbursement for drugs vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. In many countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing approval is granted.  Adverse pricing limitations or a delay in obtaining coverage and reimbursement will hinder our future net product revenues and may harm our business.

We may not realize the anticipated benefits of our pending acquisition of CTP-656 from Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

In March 2017, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Concert, pursuant to which we expect to acquire certain assets including CTP-656, an investigational CFTR potentiator that has the potential to be used as part of future once-daily combination regimens of CFTR modulators that treat the underlying cause of CF. Acquisitions are inherently risky and we may not realize the anticipated benefits of such transaction, which involves numerous risks including:
•
that we fail to successfully develop and/or integrate CTP-656 into our pipeline in order to achieve our strategic objectives;
•
that we receive inadequate or unfavorable data from clinical trials evaluating the CTP-656 in combination with other CFTR modulators; and
•
the potential failure of the due diligence processes to identify significant problems, liabilities or other shortcomings or challenges of CTP-656 or any of the other assets acquired from Concert, including but not limited to, problems, liabilities or other shortcomings or challenges with respect to intellectual property, product quality, safety, and other known and unknown liabilities.
In addition, the acquisition remains subject to approval by Concert's shareholders and clearance under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act. If we do not complete the acquisition successfully and in a timely manner, we may not realize the benefits of the acquisition or license to the extent anticipated.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and, in particular, our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations set forth in Part I-Item 2, contain or incorporate a number of forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements regarding:
•
our expectations regarding the amount of, timing of and trends with respect to our revenues, costs and expenses and other gains and losses, including those related to net product revenues from KALYDECO and ORKAMBI;
•
our expectations regarding clinical trials, development timelines, timing of our receipt of data from our ongoing and planned clinical trials and regulatory authority filings and submissions for our products and drug candidates, including the planned NDA and MAA submissions for tezacaftor in combination with ivacaftor and the ongoing and planned clinical trials to evaluate our next-generation correctors;


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•
our ability to successfully market KALYDECO and ORKAMBI or any of our other drug candidates for which we obtain regulatory approval;
•
the data that will be generated by ongoing and planned clinical trials and the ability to use that data to advance compounds, continue development or support regulatory filings;
•
our beliefs regarding the support provided by clinical trials and preclinical and nonclinical studies of our drug candidates for further investigation, clinical trials or potential use as a treatment;
•
our plan to continue investing in our research and development programs and our strategy to develop our drug candidates, alone or with third party-collaborators;
•
the establishment, development and maintenance of collaborative relationships;
•
potential business development activities;
•
the potential closing of the Concert transaction;
•
potential fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;
•
our ability to use our research programs to identify and develop new drug candidates to address serious diseases and significant unmet medical needs; and
•
our liquidity and our expectations regarding the possibility of raising additional capital.
Any or all of our forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may turn out to be wrong. They can be affected by inaccurate assumptions or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Many factors mentioned in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q will be important in determining future results. Consequently, no forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. Actual future results may vary materially from expected results. We also provide a cautionary discussion of risks and uncertainties under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, which was filed with the SEC on February 23, 2017. These are factors and uncertainties that we think could cause our actual results to differ materially from expected results. Other factors and uncertainties besides those listed there could also adversely affect us.
Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “intends,” “expects” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. There are a number of factors and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, the forward-looking statements contained herein represent our estimate only as of the date of this filing and should not be relied upon as representing our estimate as of any subsequent date. While we may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting such forward-looking statements.
Item 2.     Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities
The table set forth below shows all repurchases of securities by us during the three months ended March 31, 2017:
Period
 
Total Number
of Shares Purchased
Average Price
Paid per Share
Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs
Maximum Number of
Shares that May Yet
be Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs
January 1, 2017 to January 31, 2017
26,293
$0.01
—
—
February 1, 2017 to February 28, 2017
11,980
$0.01
—
—
March 1, 2017 to March 31, 2017
44,802
$0.01
—
—
The repurchases were made under the terms of our Amended and Restated 2006 Stock and Option Plan and our Amended and Restated 2013 Stock and Option Plan. Under these plans, we award shares of restricted stock to our employees that typically are subject to a lapsing right of repurchase by us. We may exercise this right of repurchase if a restricted stock


39

recipient’s service to us is terminated. If we exercise this right, we are required to repay the purchase price paid by or on behalf of the recipient for the repurchased restricted shares, which typically is the par value per share of $0.01. Repurchased shares are returned and are available for future awards under the terms of our Amended and Restated 2013 Stock and Option Plan.
Item 6.    Exhibits
Exhibit Number
Exhibit Description
10.1
Strategic Collaboration and License Agreement, between Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated and Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, dated January 10, 2017 †
10.2
Asset Purchase Agreement, dated March 3, 2017, by and among Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd., as Buyer, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., as Guarantor, and Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
10.3
First Amendment to Lease, effective March 1, 2017, between ARE-SD Region No. 23, LLC and Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated.
31.1
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS
XBRL Instance
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition

† Confidential portions of this document have been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to a request for confiential treatment.






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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
 
 
 
April 28, 2017
By:
/s/ Ian F. Smith
 
 
Ian F. Smith
 
 
Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial officer and
duly authorized officer)



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VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC / MA Reports