UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-K

 

For the transition period from _______________________ to ______________________.

Commission File Number 1-9789

SEVCON, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

155 Northboro Road, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772

Registrant's Area Code and Telephone Number (508) 281 5510

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).  Yes ☐ No ☒

As of April 2, 2016, 4,210,275 common shares were outstanding, and the aggregate market value of the common shares (based upon the closing price on the Nasdaq Stock Market) held by non-affiliates was $20,910,000. As of December 22, 2016, 5,341,993 common shares were outstanding.

Documents incorporated by reference: Portions of the Proxy Statement for Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held February 7, 2017 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.

 

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INDEX

 

 

Schedules have been omitted as inapplicable or not required, or the information is included elsewhere in financial statements or the notes thereto.

Unless explicitly stated otherwise, each reference to “year” in this Annual Report is to the fiscal year ending on the respective September 30.

 

PART I

ITEM 1

BUSINESS

· General Description

Sevcon, Inc. (with its subsidiaries, “Sevcon” or the “Company”) is a Delaware corporation organized on December 22, 1987 to carry on the electronic controls business previously performed by Tech/Ops, Inc. Through wholly-owned subsidiaries located in the United States, England, France, South Korea and Japan and a 50% owned joint venture located in China, and through an international dealer network, the Company designs and sells, under the Sevcon name, motor controllers for zero emission electric and hybrid vehicles (EVs). The controls are used to vary the speed and movement of vehicles, to integrate specialized functions and to optimize the energy consumption of the vehicle's power source. Through Bassi, a wholly-owned subsidiary in Italy acquired in January 2016, the Company also designs, manufactures and sells battery chargers for electric vehicles and power management and uninterrupted power source systems for industrial, medical and telecom applications, as well as electronic instrumentation for battery laboratories. Sevcon's customers are manufacturers of on and off-road vehicles, including cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, fork lift trucks, aerial lifts, mining vehicles, airport tractors, sweepers and other electrically powered vehicles. Through another subsidiary located in the United Kingdom, Sevcon manufactures special metalized film capacitors that are used as components in the power electronics, signaling and audio equipment markets.

The Company’s Markets

Controllers: Industrial Markets

In these applications, the customers design and manufacture fork lift trucks, aerial work platforms, airport ground support and mining vehicles. These are, in general, designed for use in off-road applications in distribution, construction, transport and mineral extraction.

Controllers: On-Road Markets

Customers in the Company’s on-road markets design and manufacture automobiles, scooters,  motorcycles, buses,  trucks, utility vehicles, sweepers and other applications where either all or part of the power system is electrical and the vehicle is homologated for use on-road.

Capacitor Markets

Customers for special metalized film capacitors use them as components in power electronics, signaling and audio equipment.

Chargers Markets

Customers for the Company’s battery chargers design and manufacture electric vehicles and power management and uninterrupted power source systems for industrial, medical and telecom applications, as well as electronic instrumentation for battery laboratories.

Development of the Business in 2016

2016 was a challenging, but ultimately crucially successful, year for the Company. Whilst our industrial markets saw continued softness we built value through expanding the number of projects in our on-road market pipeline and gained battery charger business and expertise through the Bassi acquisition. Bassi brought not only the possibility of integrated solutions for customers but also access to the increasingly important charging infrastructure and standby energy sectors facilitated by vehicle batteries, including Vehicle to Grid (V2G) and Vehicle to Home (V2H) technologies.

We had a mixed picture of performance geographically in 2016. North America and the Far East, outside China were particularly weak in 2016. These territories were down 12% and 24% respectively. Central Europe and our Chinese joint venture both grew in 2016, by 7% and 106% respectively. On a comparative basis with its private result in 2015, Bassi reported 26% revenue growth post-acquisition compared with the same eight-month period in the prior year.

Our markets for motor controllers are fork lift trucks, aerial work platforms, mining and off highway vehicles. These markets continued to face challenging macroeconomic conditions from a combination of slow growth generally in the developed world as well as economic and political uncertainty. We saw lower demand globally during the year, and we see this situation continuing over the coming quarters. There were some signs of stabilization in Europe, some of which was adversely affected by the U.K. Brexit vote in June 2016, although the Company has seen little adverse effect from the Brexit vote to date. The effects of lower exchange rates of the euro and British pound against the U.S. dollar have yet to flow through the business. In general, a strong U.S. dollar is a drain on revenues but helps profits as many of the business’s costs are not U.S. dollar denominated.

 

As predicted, 2016 saw a further acceleration of enquiries for electrification solutions for many varied applications, mainly from on-road customers. Electrification is the change from a predominately internal combustion or hydraulically powered system to an electrically powered solution. We added programs for high performance cars and passenger vehicles as well as trucks and buses. The products required for these markets are very close to our standard products but for these new markets they require reengineering to make them fully compliant and cost effective.

In order to exploit these substantial opportunities and add value in the future, we have accelerated our investment in research and development and engineering resources. This includes headcount increases, equipment and non-human resources. Predominately, the programs we are involved in at present will last between three and five years to start of production. To help fund this investment, we raised $9.5 million of equity, net of costs, as additional capital in 2016, to increase our ability to deliver existing projects and take on further work when well resourced.

In January 2016 we invested in charging systems with the acquisition of Bassi, which designs, develops and manufactures battery chargers for all battery chemistries at a wide range of powers, all applicable in our existing and target markets.  The Bassi facility is based in Lugo, Northern Italy. It was a private business and the existing management agreed to remain with the business. It has started out very well, having reported 26% revenue growth post-acquisition compared with the same eight-month period in the prior year. Given the timing of this acquisition, there are only eight months of Bassi activity included in Sevcon’s consolidated statements of operations for 2016. We look forward to exploiting the many and varied opportunities that Bassi brings to Sevcon.

· Marketing and sales

Sales are made primarily through a full-time marketing staff in the controllers, capacitor and charger segments augmented by an international dealer network. Revenues in the controller segment were $34,907,000 and $39,029,000, in 2016 and 2015, respectively and in the capacitor segment, revenues were $1,526,000 and $2,113,000, in 2016 and 2015, respectively. In the charger segment, revenues were $13,368,000 for the eight month period from the acquisition date to September 30, 2016, which represented 27% of total Company sales for the year.

Approximately 49% of sales in 2016 were made to ten manufacturers or distributors of electric vehicles and chargers in the United States, Europe and the Far East, compared with 42% in 2015 for the controls segment alone. See Note 11, Segment Information, in this Annual Report for an analysis of sales by segment, geographic location and major customers, and the risk factors beginning on page 5 regarding sales and operations outside the United States.

· Patents

The Company believes that its business is not significantly dependent on patent protection. The Company is primarily dependent upon technical competence, the quality of its products, and its prompt and responsive service performance. The Company does however continuously develop intellectual property and has international patent protection for some of its product offerings and subsystems, which is generally effective for up to 20 years from filing an application. In 2015 and 2016, the Company filed worldwide patents for several applications of its products and techniques in control. The Company has several patents pending.

· Backlog

The Company’s customers are sophisticated vehicle manufacturers and as such operate “just in time” (JIT) procurement and manufacturing processes. The use of these purchasing techniques limits visibility, which, combined with currency volatility and report period timing, means that backlog is very volatile and is not considered an important key performance indicator in the business. Backlog was $9,426,000 at September 30, 2016 and $5,600,000 at September 30, 2015.

· Raw materials

In the controller segment, Sevcon products require a wide variety of components and materials, and the Company relies on a few suppliers for most of these. The Company presently relies principally on two main assemblers for all of its requirements for finished products. One is based in Poland and the other is in Australia. The Australian supplier manufactures the Company’s components at a plant in Malaysia, principally for the Chinese and South East Asian markets. The Company is taking steps to diversify its risk and reduce its reliance on any single subcontractor by replicating certain production and test facilities at the manufacturing locations of each of the Polish and Australian suppliers. The Company decides, based on a lowest cost delivered basis, which plant supplies any particular customer.

 

 

ITEM 1A

RISK FACTORS

CERTAIN RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS

In addition to the market risk factors relating to foreign currency and interest rate risk set out in Item 7 on page 16, the Company believes that the following represent the most significant risk factors related to its business, the occurrence of any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and share price:

The Bassi business we acquired may not generate the revenue and earnings we anticipate and may otherwise adversely affect our business.

Our acquisition of Bassi S.r.l. was a significant transaction for us. If we fail to successfully integrate and manage its business, or if the acquisition does not further our business strategy as we expect, our operating results will be adversely affected. Among the risks are the following:

 

Capital markets are cyclical and weakness in the United States and international economies may harm our business.

 

·	the number of customers for Bassi products may not grow as predicted and demand for chargers may fall short of forecasts;

 

·	there may be unanticipated difficulties in operating the acquired business, whether due to technological issues, the potential incompatibility of business cultures, or otherwise;

 

·	we may have difficulty entering new markets where we have limited or no prior experience or where competitors may have stronger market positions;

 

·	we may not be able to combine the two companies’ product lines as effectively as we anticipate, and the market for the combined products may not be as great as we believe;

 

·	there are risks inherent in Bassi’s sole source manufacturing that may hinder us from producing as much Bassi product as we anticipate;

 

·	our management resources may be inadequate, or there may be other barriers, to successfully integrate the two companies’ operations and establish suitable financial controls;

·	We may incur unanticipated legal or financial disabilities in the acquired business

 

The Company’s traditional customers are mainly manufacturers of capital goods such as fork lift trucks, aerial lifts and railway signaling equipment. These markets are cyclical and depend heavily on worldwide transportation, shipping and other economic activity. They experienced a significant decline in demand during the recent global recession. Further, as our business has expanded globally, we have become increasingly subject to the risks arising from adverse changes in global economic conditions. Market conditions fluctuate, and there is considerable economic instability, particularly in the Eurozone. As a result, current or potential customers may be unable to fund purchases or manufacturing of products, which could cause them to delay, decrease or cancel purchases of our products or not to pay the Company or to delay paying for previously purchased products. In addition, continuing instability in the European credit markets may cause the Company to lose its current overdraft facilities and be unable otherwise to obtain financing for operations as needed.

Demand for on-road electric vehicles incorporating our products may not materialize.

The Company is increasingly involved in developing products for the on-road electric vehicle market. We have relationships with several customers that incorporate our products into their EV products. Our competitors and others are also developing products for other entrants in the EV market, with similar and competing technologies. If our customers’ products or technology are not successful commercially, or if worldwide demand for EVs fails to grow as much as we hope, we may not realize the anticipated demand for our products in the EV market, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

 

The Company relies on a small number of key customers for a substantial portion of its revenues.

Ten customers accounted for 34% of the Company’s revenues in 2016 and the largest customer accounted for 7% of revenues. Although we have had business relationships with some of these customers for many years, our relationships with on-road EV customers are newer and, in any event, there are no long-term contractual supply agreements in place with any customer. Accordingly our performance could be adversely affected by the loss of one or more of these key customers.

The Company has substantial sales and operations outside the United States that could be adversely affected by changes in international markets.

A significant portion of our operations is located, and a significant portion of our business comes from, outside the United States. Accordingly, our performance could be adversely affected by economic downturns in Europe or the Far East as well as in the United States. A consequence of significant international business is that a large percentage of our revenues and expenses are denominated in foreign currencies that fluctuate in value versus the U.S. dollar. Significant fluctuations in foreign exchange rates can and do have a material impact on our financial results, which are reported in U.S. dollars. Other risks associated with international business include: changing regulatory practices and tariffs; staffing and managing international operations, including complying with local employment laws; longer collection cycles in certain areas; and changes in tax and other laws.

The loss of government support may adversely affect the Company’s Chinese Joint Venture

The Company has a joint venture to market product in China. The Chinese market is volatile and is susceptible to additional volatility based on the promotion or absence of government support. Should the Chinese government change its support for environmental improvement, it may adversely affect the sales of hybrid and pure electric vehicles and our ability to grow as quickly as the Company envisages.

The continuing debt crisis in the Eurozone may have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results, which could adversely affect our stock price.

There continues to be significant uncertainty about the stability of global credit and financial markets in light of the continuing debt crisis in certain European countries.  A default or a withdrawal from the Eurozone by any of the countries involved, or the uncertainty alone, could cause the value of the Euro to deteriorate.  This, or a change to a local currency, would reduce the purchasing power of affected European customers. We are unable to predict the likelihood of any of these events but, if any occurs, our business, financial position and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Program development timescales are long and can be cancelled, depriving us of product sales

In certain markets in which the Company operates, and in particular in the Company’s new market sectors, non-recurring engineering development programs may take several years to complete, and programs can be cancelled by the customer at short notice. Cancellation of an engineering development program would potentially result in the Company not being able to sell the expected products.

Production readiness is outside our control

In some new markets the Company’s customer is responsible for ensuring that all of the components of their vehicle, working in unison, comply with local governmental regulations in order to achieve the necessary certification to proceed to volume production. Even though the Company’s product performs to specification in all respects, the customer’s vehicle may fail to satisfy overall the local governmental regulations due to the failure of one or more components supplied by other suppliers resulting in a project not proceeding to volume production.

The Company’s commitment to make defined benefit pension contributions could adversely impact its financial position.

It is estimated that the Company will make contributions to its frozen U.K. and U.S. defined benefit pension plans of approximately $883,000 in 2017 and at a similar level in subsequent years. Should the Company suffer a material reduction in revenues this commitment could adversely impact the Company’s financial position.

 

Single source materials and sub-contractors may not meet the Company’s needs.

The Company relies on single, or a small number of, suppliers and sub-contractors for its requirements for most components, sub-assemblies and finished products. In the event that such suppliers and sub-contractors are unable or unwilling to continue supplying the Company, or to meet the Company’s cost and quality targets or needs for timely delivery, there is no certainty that the Company would be able to establish alternative sources of supply in time to meet customer demand.

Damage to the Company’s or sub-contractors’ buildings would hurt results.

In the electronic controls segment, the majority of the Company’s finished product is produced in two separate plants in Poland and Malaysia; these plants are owned by sub-contractors. The capacitor business is located in a single plant in Wales and the charger business is located in a single plant in Italy. In the event that any of these plants was to be damaged or destroyed, there is no certainty that the Company would be able to establish alternative facilities in time to meet customer demand. The Company does carry property damage and business interruption insurance but this may not cover certain lost business due to the long-term nature of the relationships with many customers.

Management judgment in assessing inventory and warranty reserves may be less than required

Management uses its judgment and market information to assess levels of reserve required in certain areas including inventory and warranty. If actual future demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, or if product designs change more quickly than forecast, additional inventory reserves may be required. If actual product failure rates and repair or replacement costs differ from management estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty reserve may be required and the Company’s results may be materially adversely affected.

Failure to comply with financial covenants in our loan agreement could adversely affect us.

The Company has a five year credit facility with Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena S.p.A. (“MPS Bank”) under which it has drawn €14,000,000 ($15,733,000 as of September 30, 2016). While the credit facility is outstanding, the Company together with its subsidiaries must maintain a leverage ratio, defined as the ratio of consolidated indebtedness of the Company and its subsidiaries, minus cash and marketable securities, to EBITDA of the Company and its subsidiaries, measured on a fiscal year-end basis, plus (under a December 2016 amendment) the net cash proceeds received by the Company  from the issuance and sale of equity securities during such twelve month period, of not greater than 3.5:1.00 through September 30, 2017, and thereafter not greater than 3.0:1.00. Breach of this covenant would constitute an event of default, after which the interest rate would be increased and the Bank could elect a number of remedies including, but not limited to declaring all obligations (including principal, interest and expenses) immediately due and payable, that would have a material adverse impact on the Company’s ability to continue operations.

Product defect may result in product recall

In the event that the Company discovers a product defect that impacts the safety or operation of its products, then a product recall may be necessary which could involve the Company in a substantial unanticipated expense significantly in excess of any reserve that had been made.

Product liability claims may have a material adverse effect.

The Company’s products are technically complex and are installed and used by third parties. Defects in their design, installation, use or manufacturing may result in product liability claims against the Company. Such claims may result in significant damage awards, and the cost of any such litigation could be material.

 

Businesses we acquire may not generate the revenue and earnings we anticipate and may otherwise adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

We recently made a significant acquisition of a new business, and we regularly consider supplementing our growth by acquiring new businesses. If we do that, but we fail to successfully integrate and manage the businesses we acquire, or if an acquisition does not further our business strategy as we expected, our operating results and financial condition may be materially adversely affected. Business combinations also involve a number of risks and uncertainties that can have an adverse impact, including that:

 

·	the costs of acquiring and integrating another business may be materially greater than we anticipate;

·	managing an acquired company’s technologies or lines of business or entering new markets where we have limited or no prior experience or where competitors may have stronger market positions may be more difficult than we anticipate;

·	we may fail to achieve the expected return on our investments, which could adversely affect our business or operating results and potentially cause impairment to assets that we recorded as a part of an acquisition, including intangible assets and goodwill;

·	the attention of our management and employees may be diverted;

·	we may not be able to retain key personnel of an acquired business;

·	we may assume unanticipated legal or financial liabilities;

·	we may suffer significant increases in our interest expense, leverage and debt service requirements if we incur additional debt to pay for an acquisition; and

·	our existing stockholders may be diluted and earnings per share may decrease if we were to issue a significant amount of equity securities in connection with an acquisition.

Risk relating to the United Kingdom’s decision to withdraw from membership in the European Union

The result of the referendum on the United Kingdom’s (or the U.K.) membership in the European Union (E.U.) (referred to as Brexit), voting in favor of the exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union, has caused and could continue to cause disruptions to and have an adverse effect on our business, financial results and operations. Any agreements the U.K. makes to retain access to E.U. markets could potentially disrupt the markets we serve and the tax jurisdictions in which we operate and adversely change tax benefits or liabilities in these or other jurisdictions, and may cause us to lose customers, suppliers, and employees. In addition, the referendum result could lead to legal uncertainty and potentially divergent national laws and regulations that could, at a minimum, increase our costs.

The announcement of Brexit caused significant volatility in global stock markets and currency exchange rate fluctuations that resulted in the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies in which we conduct business. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies has and may continue to adversely affect our results of operations, in a number of ways, including:

·

Our international sales are denominated in both the U.S. dollar and currencies other than U.S. dollars. Fluctuations of currency exchange rates may expose us to gains and losses on non U.S. currency transactions and a potential devaluation of the local currencies of our customers relative to the U.S. dollar may impair the purchasing power of our customers and could cause customers to decrease or cancel orders or default on payment; and

·	We translate sales and other results denominated in foreign currency into U.S. dollars for our financial statements. During periods of a strengthening dollar, our reported international sales and earnings could be reduced because foreign currencies may translate into fewer U.S. dollars.

The announcement of Brexit has also and may continue to create global economic uncertainty, which may cause our customers to closely monitor their costs and reduce their spending budget on our products and services.

Any of these effects of Brexit, among others, could materially adversely affect our business, business opportunities, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Certain Risks Related to the Ownership of our Common Stock and Trading

The following are certain important additional risks related to an investment in our securities.

Our share price has been volatile and may be influenced by numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control.

The market prices for shares of our common stock have been volatile over the years, subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. Broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance.

 

If we continue to fail to maintain proper and effective internal controls and procedures, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements could be impaired, which could harm our operating results, our ability to operate our business, and investors’ views of us.

We are required to establish and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting, which are processes designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. We are also required to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which requires public companies to conduct an annual review and evaluation of their internal control over financial reporting. If we cannot favorably assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in the future, our stock price could be materially adversely affected.

As discussed in Part II, Item 9A (“Controls”) of this Form 10-K, we have had certain material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Our management team and Board of Directors have devoted and will continue to devote significant efforts to remedy those weaknesses and maintain adequate, effective controls and procedures. We may identify additional material weaknesses in the future. If material weaknesses or deficiencies in our controls and procedures exist and go undetected or unremedied, our financial statements could contain material misstatements that, when discovered in the future, could cause us to fail to meet our future reporting obligations and cause the price of our common stock to decline.

Insiders and principal stockholders have substantial control over the Company, which could limit the ability of other stockholders to influence the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control.

Our directors, executive officers and our stockholders who each own greater than 5% of our outstanding common stock and their affiliates, in the aggregate, beneficially own a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock. As a result, these stockholders may be able to influence or control matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers, acquisitions or other extraordinary transactions. They may also have interests that differ from those of other stockholders and may vote in a way which may be adverse to the interests of other stockholders. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company and might ultimately adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

ITEM 2

PROPERTIES

The U.S. subsidiary of the Company leases an approximately 13,500 square feet facility in Southborough, Mass., under a lease expiring in 2023. The U.K. electronic controls business of Sevcon is carried on in a building owned by it located in Gateshead, England, containing 40,000 square feet of space. The land on which this building stands is held on a ground lease expiring in 2068. The capacitor subsidiary owns a 9,000 square foot building, built in 1981, in Wrexham, Wales. The Italian charger business leases a 60,000 square foot facility in Ravenna, Northern Italy. The properties and equipment of the Company are in good condition and, in the opinion of the management, are suitable and adequate for the Company's operations.

ITEM 3

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 4

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

 

PART II

ITEM 5

MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company’s Common Stock trades on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol SEV. A summary of the market prices of the Company’s Common Stock is shown below. At December 9, 2016, there were approximately 117 shareholders of record.

 

The Company suspended the payment of dividends at the beginning of 2009 in order to conserve cash to meet the needs of the business during the global recession. The Company’s bank credit facility imposes limitations on the ability to pay dividends. The Board of Directors will consider whether to resume paying dividends as conditions and the Company’s operating results improve.

ITEM 7

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements in this discussion and analysis about the Company’s anticipated financial results and growth, as well as those about the development of its products and markets, are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. These include the risks discussed in Item 1A to this Annual Report, entitled ‘Risk Factors’, and others discussed in this report.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The Company's significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 1 of its Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report. While these significant accounting policies impact the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, certain of these policies require management to use a significant degree of judgment and/or make estimates, consistent with generally accepted accounting principles, that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting periods. Since these are judgments and estimates, they are sensitive to changes in business and economic realities, and events may cause actual operating results to differ materially from the amounts derived from management’s estimates and judgments.

The Company believes the following represent the most critical accounting judgments and estimates affecting its reported financial condition and results of operations:

Bad Debts

The Company estimates an allowance for doubtful accounts based on known factors related to the credit risk of each customer and management’s judgment about the customer’s business. Ten customers accounted for 34% of the Company’s sales in 2016 and 32% of trade receivables at September 30, 2016. At September 30, 2016, the allowance for bad debts amounted to $243,000, which represented 2% of trade receivables.

Due to the Company’s long term relationships with the majority of its customers, in most cases, the principal bad debt risk to the Company arises from the insolvency of a customer rather than its unwillingness to pay. In addition, the Company maintains credit insurance covering up to 90% of the amount outstanding from specific customers. The Company also carries out some of its foreign trade, particularly in the Far East, using letters of credit.

The Company reviews all accounts receivable balances on a regular basis, concentrating on any balances that are more than 30 days overdue or where there is an identified credit risk with a specific customer. A decision is made on a customer-by-customer basis as to whether a bad debt reserve is considered necessary based on the specific facts and circumstances of each account. In general, the Company would reserve 100% of the receivable, net of any recoverable value added taxes or insurance coverages, for a customer that becomes insolvent or files for bankruptcy, and lesser amounts for less imminent defaults. The Company maintains a small bad debt reserve to cover the remaining balances based on historical default percentages.

 

If the financial condition of any of the Company's customers is worse than estimated or were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of its ability to make payments, the Company’s results may be adversely affected and additional allowances may be required.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market value. Inventory costs include materials and overhead, and are relieved from inventory on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company’s financial statements include a provision for estimated slow-moving and obsolete inventory that is based on a comparison of inventory levels with forecasted future demand. Such demand is estimated based on many factors, including management judgments, relating to each customer’s business and to economic conditions. The Company reviews in detail all significant inventory items with holdings in excess of estimated normal requirements. It also considers the likely impact of changing technology. It makes an estimate of the provision for slow-moving and obsolete stock on an item-by-item basis based on a combination of likely usage based on forecasted customer demand, potential sale or scrap value and possible alternative use. This provision represents the difference between original cost and market value at the end of the financial period. In cases where there is no estimated future use for the inventory item and there is no estimated scrap or resale value, a 100% provision is recorded. Where the Company estimates that only part of the total holding of an inventory item will not be used, or there is an estimated scrap, resale or alternate use value, then a proportionate provision is recorded. Once an item has been written down, it is not subsequently revalued upwards. The provision for slow-moving and obsolete inventories at September 30, 2016 was $797,000 or 5% of the original cost of gross inventory. If actual future demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, or if product designs change more quickly than forecast, additional inventory write-downs may be required, which may have a material adverse impact on reported results.

Warranty Costs

The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. While the Company engages in product quality programs and processes, the Company's warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates and repair or replacement costs incurred in correcting a product failure. Accordingly, the provision for warranty costs, $332,000 at September 30, 2016, is based upon anticipated in-warranty failure rates and estimated costs of repair or replacement. Anticipating product failure rates involves making judgments about the likelihood of defects in materials, design and manufacturing errors, and other factors that are based in part on historical failure rates and trends, but also on management’s expertise in engineering and manufacturing. Estimated repair and replacement costs are affected by varying component and labor costs.

Goodwill Impairment

At September 30, 2016, the Company’s balance sheet reflected $7,794,000 of goodwill, of which $1,435,000 related to the controls business and $6,359,000 related to the charger business. The Company assesses goodwill annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances change, to determine if goodwill has been impaired. The assessment is based on three separate methods of valuing the business based on expected free cash flows, the market price of the Company’s stock and an analysis of precedent transactions. These valuation methods require estimates of future revenues, profits, capital expenditures and working capital requirements which are based on evaluation of historical trends, current budgets, operating plans and industry data. Based on all of these valuation methods, management concluded that goodwill is not impaired. If, in future periods, the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or the market price of the Company’s stock were to decrease significantly, then it may be necessary to record impairment charges relating to goodwill.

Pension Plan Assumptions

The Company makes a number of assumptions relating to its pension plans in order to measure the financial position of the plans and the net periodic benefit cost. The most important assumptions relate to the discount rate, the expected long term return on plan assets, the rate of future compensation increase, mortality rates and other actuarial factors. The Company’s pension plans are significant relative to the size of the Company. At September 30, 2016, pension plan assets were valued at $22,279,000 and plan liabilities were $33,790,000, resulting in a deficit in the funded status of $11,511,000.  By comparison, the total assets of the Company were $68,973,000. The funded status of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans has fluctuated significantly in previous years, due in large part to changes in the assumptions described above. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance, changes in the funded status of the pension plans (plan assets less plan liabilities) are recorded in the Company’s balance sheet. If the assumptions we made at September 30, 2016 prove to be incorrect, and in any event as they change going forward, the Company may need to record, and may actually incur, additional expense or liabilities relating to the pension plans. This could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position and/or results of operations.

 

The table below sets out the approximate impact on the funded status of the Company’s pension plans at September 30, 2016 that the Company estimates would arise from the following respective changes in significant plan assumptions:

 

Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate is dependent on many factors, including the impact of enacted tax laws in jurisdictions in which the Company operates, the amount of earnings by jurisdiction, varying tax rates in each jurisdiction and the Company’s ability to utilize foreign tax credits related to foreign taxes paid on foreign earnings that will be remitted to the U.S.

The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequence of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or income tax returns. Income taxes are recognized during the period in which the underlying transactions are recorded. Deferred taxes are provided for temporary differences between amounts of assets and liabilities as recorded for financial reporting purposes and such amounts as measured by tax laws. If the Company determines that a deferred tax asset arising from temporary differences is not likely to be utilized, the Company will establish a valuation allowance against that asset to record it at its expected realizable value. If the Company later determines, based on the weight of available evidence, that the deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized in the future, the allowance may be reversed in whole or in part. Management considers many factors when assessing the likelihood of future realization of the Company’s deferred tax assets, including recent cumulative earnings experience by taxing jurisdiction, expectations of future taxable income, the carry-forward periods available for tax reporting purposes and other factors. The range of possible estimates relating to the valuation of the Company’s deferred tax assets is very wide. Significant judgment is required in making these assessments and it is very difficult to predict when, if ever, management may conclude that any portion of the deferred tax assets is realizable. As of September 30, 2016, there is a partial valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets. If future experience is significantly different from that which was projected in making these assessments, there could be significant additional adjustments to the Company’s deferred tax assets and income tax expense.

The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions when it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by relevant taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. Although the Company believes that its tax positions are appropriate, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could result in material changes in the underlying estimates.

OVERVIEW

During 2016, the Company made excellent progress in expanding our extensive on-road project development pipeline which we anticipate will result in significant future production opportunities and substantial revenue and profitability growth. The Company continues to invest in sales and marketing and engineering and research and development resources to capture the future growth opportunities available. We believe that, at this stage in our cycle, increased investment in research and development will continue to place us at the forefront of electrification and grow the business.

In 2016 the Company recorded record revenue of $49.8 million, a 21% increase from the $41.1 million reported in the prior year, which reflected the acquisition of Bassi during 2016. Revenues in the controls and capacitor segments were $4.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively, lower in 2016 than in 2015, reflecting continuing soft demand from industrial customers. Bassi, the charger business acquired in January 2016, contributed $13.4 million to revenues in the eight-month post-acquisition period to the end of 2016, which reflected a 26% increase in revenue in the same period of the prior year.

 

· A) Results of Operations

 

2016 compared to 2015

The following table compares the 2016 results, and the variance, year-on-year, for the controls, capacitor and charger segments.

The Company’s main customers in the controls segment manufacture electric and hybrid vehicles as well as drivetrains for on-road, off-road and industrial applications, including automotive, construction, distribution, mining, marine, and airport ground support and utility applications. Increasingly customers also look to the Company to help migrate existing internal combustion systems to hybrid and pure electric systems.  In the charger segment, our Bassi business supplies a wide range of battery chargers and power management devices for industrial, on-vehicle and automotive applications.

In 2016 the Company recorded record revenue of $49.8 million, a 21% increase from the $41.1 million reported in the prior year, which reflected the acquisition of Bassi during 2016. Bassi has performed above expectations with 26% revenue growth post-acquisition, compared with the same eight-month period in the prior year. In the controls segment sales decreased by $4.1 million or 11% and in the capacitor segment sales decreased by $0.6 million, a 28% reduction, year-on-year. Foreign currency fluctuations decreased reported sales in the fourth fiscal quarter by $1.7 million, or 4%, mainly due to a stronger U.S. dollar compared with both the British pound and the euro than in the prior-year period.

 

In the controls business, the reduction in revenues reflected the continued weakness in the industrial off-road side of the business and largely mirrored global economic trends. There were double digit reductions year-on-year in sales to manufacturers of aerial work platforms, airport ground support and fork lift trucks. In the U.S. the mining equipment sector continued to experience demanding conditions driven by a global reduction in the markets for raw materials and coal in particular. Sales to the mining sector were 64% lower than in 2015. The sales reductions in the industrial markets were partially offset by a single digit year-over-year increase in sales to on-road automotive customers and also to customers in a variety of industries the Company categorizes as “other EV”, which includes applications as diverse as gyro stabilizers for marine applications and off-road equipment like all-terrain vehicles and standby generation. Other EV sales growth is an indication that electrification is continuing to grow in a wide variety of applications and geographic regions. The higher revenues for four-wheel applications reflects the growth in Europe and North America, and increasing global electrification of commercial vehicles, including both EV and hybrid applications. Sales for on-road two-wheel applications were down marginally, reflecting the continuing lumpy demand in this sector.

With regard to geography in the controls segment, revenues were largely flat in Europe, 13% lower in North America and 35% down in Asia compared to last year. Although starting from a small base, revenues from our Chinese joint venture doubled year-on-year and we began production shipments for a substantial Chinese automotive manufacturer in the fourth quarter of 2016. In the charger segment for the eight-month period ended September 30, 2016, 70% of revenues were to customers in North America, 25% to customers in Europe and 5% to customers in Asia.

Looking forward we continue to support new and potential customers in their desire to electrify their products. We are investing at historically high levels in engineering and sales resources. We believe that the Company is well placed to exploit this drive to electrification with both generic and bespoke products.

In the capacitor business, the 28% sales reduction was mainly due to lower demand from the railway signaling market.

In the controls segment, cost of sales was $20,862,000, compared to $24,172,000 in 2015, a decrease of $3,310,000 reflecting the lower volumes shipped in 2016 than in the prior year. The gross profit percentage in 2016 of 40.2% was 2.1 points higher than in 2015 when it was 38.1%. In the capacitor segment gross profit of $604,000 was $373,000 lower than the 2015 gross profit of $977,000. The gross profit percentage in the capacitor segment was 39.6% of sales in 2016 compared to 46.2% of sales in 2015. The decrease in the capacitor segment gross profit percentage was mainly due to a higher volume of sales to lower margin sectors in 2016 compared to 2015 and also the impact of overhead costs in cost of sales, which are largely fixed, being a higher percentage of sales in 2016. In the charger segment, gross profit was $1,459,000 for the eight-month period from acquisition date, or 11% of sales. The gross profit percentage was negatively impacted in the period by certain warranty costs and inventory write-downs which are not anticipated to recur in 2017.

Selling, research, administrative expenses and acquisition costs were $21.4 million in 2016 compared to $13.9 million in the prior year, an increase of $7.5 million. Of the increase of $7.5 million, $3.6 million related to Bassi, including $1.5 million of acquisition costs, $1.0 million of intangible assets amortization and $0.5 million relating to the amortization of fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of this business. In the controls segment, we continued to invest in 2016 in sales and marketing, research and development resources, including additional headcount, to capture potential future opportunities, which increased operating expense by $2.3 million. Also, in the controls segment, we incurred a non-cash, defined benefit pension settlement charge of $0.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2016, due to cash distributions from the plan during the period being higher than the interest cost of the plan for the year. This expense of $0.5 million was recognized in the net periodic pension cost for the year.

The Company recorded U.K. government grants of $170,000 in 2016 associated with research and development expense of $643,000 in the same period. In 2015, the Company recorded government grants of $191,000 associated with research and development expense of $1,178,000.  The grants were recorded as a reduction of research and development expense in each period. In addition, in 2016, the Company participated in a U.K. government research and development arrangement which allows U.K. companies to record an additional available tax credit to the income statement above operating income as an “above the line credit” subject to meeting certain qualifying conditions. In 2016 the Company recorded an income statement credit of $595,000 (2015: $463,000) which it also recorded as a reduction of research and development expense in the year.

There was operating loss for the year of $5,334,000 compared to operating income of $1,894,000 in 2015. This reduction was largely due to the $4.7 million reduction in revenues in the controls and capacitor segments in 2016 together with the $2.3 million additional sales and marketing and research and development expense in the controls segment in 2016 compared to 2015, the $1.5 million cost of the Bassi acquisition and the $1.5 million non-cash intangible assets and fair-value adjustments amortization expense in Bassi.

There was an operating income of $74,000 in the capacitor business compared with operating income of $271,000 in 2015; the reduction in operating income being due to lower revenues and gross profit, partially offset by lower operating expense in 2016 compared to 2015.

 

There was a $213,000 foreign currency loss in 2016 due to unfavorable foreign currency movements compared to a foreign currency gain of $118,000 in 2015. Interest expense was $423,000, which was $347,000 higher than in the prior year, reflecting the bank debt incurred for the Bassi acquisition in January 2016.

There was a loss before income taxes in 2016 of $5.9 million compared to income before income taxes of $1.9 million in 2015.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $1,000 for the year compared to an expense of $406,000 in 2015. The income tax benefit percentage in 2016 was lower than the statutory Federal income tax rate of 34% for several reasons. The main items which reduced the effective tax rate were foreign tax rate differentials, the acquisition costs of Bassi being nondeductible, the surrender of U.K. trading losses for cash research incentives and a reduction in the U.K. corporate tax rate which reduced the carrying value of deferred tax assets.

After adjusting for a $53,000 loss due to the non-controlling interest in the Company’s joint venture and $433,000 of preference share dividends, the Company recorded a net loss after taxes of $6,246,000 compared to net income after taxes of $1,135,000. Basic and diluted loss per share was $(1.51) in 2016 compared to basic and diluted income per share of $0.33 and $0.32, respectively, in 2015.

· B) Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash balances as of September 30, 2016 were $14.1 million, compared to $8.0 million at September 30, 2015.

On July 6, 2016, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain institutional and accredited investors, under which it agreed to sell 1,124,000 units, each consisting of one share of common stock, $0.10 par value, and half a warrant to purchase one share of common stock, at a price of $9.12 per unit, for total gross proceeds of $10,250,880.

The Company’s operating activities used $6.2 million of cash during 2016 compared with $0.2 million used in 2015.  Inventories, prepaid expenses and other assets increased by $3.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively in 2016, which reduced cash during the year. Accounts payable, accrued and deferred income taxes increased by $1.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively, which increased cash during the year.

The Company used $10.7 million of cash for investing activities; principally acquisitions of plant and equipment amounting to $1.4 million and $9.3 million of cash used as part of the acquisition cost of Bassi. Cash generated by financing activities was $23.8 million in 2016; this principally comprised $15.7 million of bank debt for the Bassi acquisition and $9.5 million, net of costs, arising from the July 2016 equity raise. There was $0.5 million of bank debt repayments and $0.4 million of preference share dividends paid during the year.

 

The Company entered into a €14,000,000 ($15,733,000 at September 30, 2016) credit facility with MPS Bank on January 27, 2016. The loan and security agreement will expire on January 27, 2021 when all outstanding principal and unpaid interest will be due and payable in full.  The facility may be paid before maturity in whole or in part at the option of the Company, on or after the six-month anniversary of the funding date, without penalty or premium.  Interest on the loan is payable quarterly at a margin of 3% over EuroLIBOR, with a minimum EuroLIBOR rate of 0.0%.  Under the facility, the Company together with its subsidiaries must maintain a leverage ratio, defined as the ratio of consolidated indebtedness of the Company and its subsidiaries, minus cash and marketable securities, to EBITDA of the Company and its subsidiaries, measured on a fiscal year-end basis, plus (under a December 2016 amendment) the net cash proceeds received by the Company  from the issuance and sale of equity securities during such twelve month period, of not greater than 3.5:1.00 through September 30, 2017, and thereafter not greater than 3.0:1.00.

Upon entering into the credit facility, the Company drew down €14,000,000 ($15,733,000), which was the total amount outstanding at September 30, 2016.  This amount is shown in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet under long-term debt. The carrying value of the debt approximated to fair value based on current interest rates.

The funded status of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans decreased from a deficit of $10,963,000 at September 30, 2015 to a deficit of $11,511,000 at September 30, 2016.  The increase in the deficit of $548,000 was due to several factors.  There was a net actuarial loss in the Company’s U.K. defined benefit plan of $1.6 million due largely to the plan’s liabilities being valued at a lower discount rate than the prior year caused by reduced yields on high quality corporate bonds; this increased the plan’s liabilities although the increase was partially offset by higher than expected returns on the U.K. plan’s assets.  The $1.6 million actuarial loss in the Company’s U.K. defined benefit plan was further offset by favorable foreign currency exchange gains of $1.4 million due to the stronger U.S. dollar compared to the British pound than in the prior year. In addition, lower discount rates used to value the Company’s U.S. plan resulted in an increase in the liability of $350,000.

There were no significant capital expenditure commitments at September 30, 2016. It is estimated that the Company will make contributions to its U.K. and U.S. defined benefit pension plans of approximately $883,000 in 2017. Should the Company suffer a material reduction in revenues in 2017, this commitment could adversely impact the Company’s financial position. Furthermore, a material reduction in revenues in 2017 would significantly reduce the Company’s cash balances; however, in the opinion of management, the Company’s requirements for working capital to meet projected operational and capital spending needs in both the short-term (within the first twelve months) and long-term (beyond the first twelve months) can be met by a combination of existing cash resources, future earnings and existing borrowing facilities. Nonetheless, the outlook remains unpredictable given the significant uncertainty about the stability of global credit and financial markets in light of the continuing debt crisis in certain European countries. Any material reduction in revenues will have a materially adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, which would be exacerbated if any of the Company’s lenders withdraws or reduces available credit. If the Company is unable to generate sufficient cash from operations and if the bank overdraft facilities are withdrawn, the Company would need to raise additional debt or equity capital from other sources to avoid significantly curtailing its business and materially adversely affecting its results.   

 

· C) Off balance sheet arrangements

The Company does not have any off balance sheet financing or arrangements.

ITEM 7A

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company, the Company is not required to respond to this item. However, we are providing the following information about our foreign currency and interest rate risks to supplement the disclosure in Item 7.

Foreign currency risk

The Company did not enter into foreign currency forward contracts in 2016. The total gross amount of outstanding forward contracts was $0 at September 30, 2016 ($804,000 at September 30, 2015). The agreements were recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2015 resulting in a net loss $22,000 for the year ended September 30, 2015.

 

The following table presents the fair values of the Company’s derivative financial instruments for the following periods:

 

(in thousands of dollars)

September 30, 2016

September 30, 2015

Assets

Liabilities

Assets

Liabilities

Foreign currency contracts

-

-

-

22

 

The above liability derivative foreign currency contracts represent a Level 2 liability at September 30, 2015 in accordance with the fair value hierarchy described in Note 1 N.

The following table provides information about the Company’s foreign currency accounts receivable, accounts payable and firmly committed sales contracts as of September 30, 2016. The information is provided in U.S. dollar amounts, as presented in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Interest rate risk

Under the Company’s credit facility with MPS Bank interest is payable quarterly at a margin of 3% over EuroLIBOR, with a minimum EuroLIBOR rate of 0.0%. The interest rate as of September 30, 2016 was 3.0%.

The Company invests surplus funds in instruments with maturities of less than 12 months at both fixed and floating interest rates. The Company incurs short-term borrowings from time-to-time on its overdraft facilities in Europe at variable interest rates. Due to the short-term nature of the Company’s investments at September 30, 2016 the risk arising from changes in interest rates was not material.

 

ITEM 8

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

Sevcon, Inc. and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2016 and 2015

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

Sevcon, Inc. and Subsidiaries

For the Years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

Sevcon, Inc. and Subsidiaries

For the Years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Sevcon, Inc. and Subsidiaries

 

For the Years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Sevcon, Inc. and Subsidiaries

For the Years ended September 30, 2016 and 2015

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Sevcon, Inc. and Subsidiaries

(1)   SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

A.    Basis of presentation

 

Warranty reserves are included on the consolidated balance sheets within accrued expenses. The movement in warranty reserves was as follows:

Increasingly, the Company enters into fixed-price non-recurring engineering contracts.  We record revenue on engineering services contracts using either the percentage-of-completion method or the completed contract method. In general, the performance of these types of contracts involves the design, development, and prototype manufacture of complex engineered products to our customer’s specifications. The percentage-of-completion method is used in circumstances in which all the following conditions exist:

•	the contract includes enforceable rights regarding goods or services to be provided to the customer, the consideration to be exchanged, and the manner and terms of settlement;

•	both the Company and the customer are expected to satisfy all of the contractual obligations; and,

•	reasonably reliable estimates of total revenue, total cost, and the progress towards completion can be made.

The percentage-of-completion method recognizes estimates for contract revenue and costs in progress as work on the contract continues. Estimates are revised as additional information becomes available. If estimates of costs to complete a contract indicate a loss, a provision is made at that time for the total loss anticipated on the contract.

We use the completed contract method if reasonably dependable estimates cannot be made or for which inherent hazards make estimates doubtful. Under the completed contract method, contract revenue and costs in progress are deferred as work on the contract continues.

 

C.    Research and development

The cost of research and development programs is charged against income as incurred and amounted to $5,870,000 in 2016 and $3,677,000 in 2015, net of U.K. government grants received, “above the line” tax credits arising from U.K. government research and development incentives as well as research and development expense associated with engineering services revenue recorded in cost of sales. Research and development expense, net, was 12% of sales in 2016 and 10% of sales in 2015.

In 2011, the Company was awarded a research and development grant by the Technology Strategy Board to lead a collaborative project with Cummins Generator Technologies and Newcastle University in the U.K. to develop an innovative electric drive system for electric vehicles using advanced switched reluctance motor technology. The Company recorded grant income from this project of $1,000 which was offset against the Company’s research and development expense on this project of $6,500 in 2016. The Company recorded grant income from this project of $54,000 which was associated with the Company’s research and development expense on this project of $262,000 in 2015.

In 2013, the Company was awarded a grant of approximately $480,000 by the Low Emission Transport Collaborative Projects Fund, a U.K. government body. The grant is to develop next-generation controls for high-voltage, low-power applications. The Company recorded grant income from this project of $54,000 which was offset against the Company’s research and development expense on this project of $459,000 in 2015. This grant ended in 2015.

In 2013, the Company was awarded a research and development grant by the Technology Strategy Board as one of a consortium of organizations in the U.K to research and design ultra-efficient systems for electric and hybrid vehicles. The Company recorded grant income from this project of $7,000 which was offset against the Company’s research and development expense of $28,000 on this project in 2016. The Company recorded grant income from this project of $3,000 which was offset against the Company’s research and development expense on this project of $14,000 in 2015.

 

In 2015 the Company was awarded a grant of approximately $625,000 by the U.K. Regional Growth Fund, a U.K. government body.  The grant is to develop an innovative range of low voltage motor controls which are designed to serve the emerging needs for on-road, automotive electrification.  The grant includes a commitment to create or safeguard a total of twenty jobs at the Company’s U.K. facility over the period of the project.  The Company recorded grant income from this project of $162,000 which was offset against the Company’s research and development expense on this project of $608,000 in 2016. The Company recorded grant income from this project of $80,000 which was offset against the Company’s research and development expense on this project of $443,000 in 2015.

In 2016 and 2015, the Company participated in a U.K. government research and development arrangement which allows U.K. companies to receive an additional available tax credit subject to meeting certain qualifying conditions. The credit is a percentage, which currently ranges from 10% to 14.5% depending on circumstances, of qualifying research and development expenditure in the period. The credit discharges income tax the Company would have to pay or allows companies without an income tax liability to receive a refund payment from the U.K. government. In 2016, the Company recorded an income statement credit of $595,000 (2015 - $463,000) as a reduction in research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations and had an income tax receivable balance of $985,000 at September 30, 2016 from this initiative (2015 - $469,000) which is included within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

D.     Depreciation and maintenance

Property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which are primarily fifty years for buildings, seven years for equipment and four years for computer equipment and software. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense and renewals and betterments are capitalized.

E.     Stock based compensation plans

The Company’s 1996 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Equity Plan”) provides for the granting of stock options, restricted stock and other equity-based awards to officers, key employees, consultants and non-employee directors of the Company.

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

Since 2004, the Company has granted restricted stock and stock options to certain officers, key employees and non-employee directors in exchange for services provided to the Company over the vesting period of the stock. The vesting period of the restricted stock (i.e. when the restrictions lapse) is normally two years or five years in respect of officers and key employees and one year in respect of non-employee directors. For officers and key employees, the Company recognizes compensation expense in respect of restricted stock grants on a straight line basis over the vesting period of the restricted stock based on the closing stock price on the grant date and an expected forfeiture rate of awards of 4%. For non-employee directors, the Company recognizes compensation expense in respect of restricted stock grants on a straight line basis over the vesting period of the restricted stock based on the closing stock price on the grant date.

F.     Income taxes

The Company uses the liability method of accounting for income taxes.  Under the liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the impact of temporary differences between amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and such amounts as measured under enacted tax laws.  A valuation allowance is required to offset any net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company files tax returns in the respective countries in which it operates. The consolidated financial statements reflect the current and deferred tax consequences of all events recognized in the financial statements or tax returns. We account for income tax uncertainties according to guidance on the recognition, de-recognition and measurement of potential tax benefits associated with tax positions. We recognize interest and penalties relating to income tax matters as a component of income tax provision. See Note 7.

G.     Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Inventory costs include materials, direct labor and overhead, and are relieved from inventory on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company’s reported financial condition includes a provision for estimated slow-moving and obsolete inventory that is based on a comparison of inventory levels with forecasted future demand. Such demand is estimated based on many factors, including management judgments, relating to each customer’s business and to economic conditions. The Company reviews in detail all significant inventory items with holdings in excess of estimated normal requirements. It also considers the likely impact of changing technology. It makes an estimate of the provision for slow moving and obsolete stock on an item-by-item basis based on a combination of likely usage based on forecasted customer demand, potential sale or scrap value and possible alternative use. This provision represents the difference between original cost and market value at the end of the financial period. In cases where there is no estimated future use for the inventory item and there is no estimated scrap or resale value, a 100% provision is recorded. Where the Company estimates that only part of the total holding of an inventory item will not be used, or there is an estimated scrap, resale or alternate use value, then a proportionate provision is recorded. Once an item has been written down, it is not subsequently revalued upwards. The reserve for slow moving and obsolete inventories as of fiscal year end 2016 and 2015 was $797,000 and $443,000, respectively.

 

Inventories comprised:

 

H.     Accounts receivable

In the normal course of business, the Company provides credit to customers, performs credit evaluations of these customers, monitors payment performance, and maintains reserves for potential credit losses in the allowance for doubtful accounts. An account receivable is considered past due if any portion has been outstanding for greater than 60 days. In addition, the Company maintains credit insurance covering up to 90% of the amount outstanding from specific customers.

I.      Translation of foreign currencies

Sevcon translates the assets and liabilities of its foreign subsidiaries at the current rate of exchange, and statement of operations accounts at the average exchange rates in effect during the period. Gains or losses from foreign currency translation are credited or charged to the cumulative translation adjustment included in the statements of comprehensive loss and as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders' equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are shown in the consolidated statements of operations.

J.     Derivative instruments and hedging

The Company sells to customers throughout the industrialized world. In the controls segment the majority of the Company’s product is produced in two separate plants in Poland and Malaysia. The Company’s revenues, cost of sales and operating expenses are made predominantly in U.S. dollars, British pounds and euros, with a significant proportion of both revenues and cost of sales being in British pounds and euros.  This results in the Company’s sales and margins being exposed to fluctuations due to the change in the exchange rates of U.S. dollar, the British pound and the euro. The Company uses derivative financial instruments to partially offset its market exposure to these fluctuations and does not enter into derivative contracts for speculative or trading purposes.

Derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges:

The Company documents at the inception of the transaction the relationship between the hedging instruments and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedging transactions. The Company also documents its assessment, both at hedge inception and on an on-going basis, whether the derivative financial instruments that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of hedged items.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognized in equity in other comprehensive loss. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the consolidated statements of operations within ‘Other income and expense’.

Amounts accumulated in equity are reclassified to profit or loss in the periods when the hedged item affects profit or loss (for example, when foreign currency denominated financial liabilities are remeasured in their functional currencies). The gain or loss relating to the effective portion of cross currency swaps which hedge the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates are recognized in the consolidated statement of income within ‘foreign exchange differences’. When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss existing in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognized when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company did not have any financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges at September 30, 2016 or September 30, 2015.

 

Derivative financial instruments not designated for hedging:

The fair value of derivative financial instruments that do not meet the FASB authoritative guidance for hedge accounting are immediately recognized in the consolidated statements of operations under “Other income and expense”.  The fair value of these derivatives are recorded under “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” for asset derivatives or “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” for liability derivatives, in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company did not enter into foreign currency forward contracts in 2016. The total gross amount of outstanding forward contracts was $0 at September 30, 2016 ($804,000 at September 30, 2015).  The agreements were recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2015 resulting in a net loss of $22,000 for the year ended September 30, 2015.

K.     Cash equivalents and short-term investments

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. Highly liquid investments with maturities greater than 90 days and less than one year are classified as short-term investments.

Such investments are generally money market funds, bank certificates of deposit, U.S. Treasury bills and short-term bank deposits in Europe.

L.    Calculations of earnings per share and weighted average shares outstanding

 

M.    Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements

The presentation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting periods. The most significant estimates and assumptions made by management include bad debt, inventory and warranty reserves, business combination accounting, goodwill impairment assessment, pension plan assumptions and income tax assumptions. Operating results in the future could vary from the amounts derived from management's estimates and assumptions.

N.     Fair value measurements

The FASB has issued authoritative guidance, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This guidance does not require any new fair value measurements, but provides guidance on how to measure fair value by providing a fair value hierarchy used to classify the source of the information. In accordance with this guidance, financial assets and liabilities have been categorized, based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy as set forth below. If the inputs used to measure the financial instruments fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument.

The three levels of the hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in non-active markets, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs reflecting management’s own assumptions about the input used in pricing the asset or liability. The Company currently does not have any Level 3 financial assets or liabilities.

At September 30, 2016 and 2015, the fair value measurements affect only the Company’s consideration of pension plan assets as disclosed in Note 10, Employee Benefit Plans, debt as disclosed in Note 12 and forward contracts as disclosed in Note 13, Derivative Financial Instruments.

O.    Fair value of financial instruments

The Company's financial instruments consist mainly of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and accounts payable. The carrying amount of these financial instruments as of September 30, 2016 approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value of the Company’s bank debt at September 30, 2016 approximated $15,733,000 (the gross carrying value as of September 30, 2016 before the offset of debt issuance costs) based on recent financial market pricing. The bank debt represents a Level 2 liability in accordance with the fair value hierarchy outlined above.

P.     Goodwill

The amount by which the cost of the purchased businesses included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements exceeded the fair value of net assets at the date of acquisition has been recorded as goodwill.

In accordance with FASB accounting guidance regarding goodwill and other intangible assets, the Company performs an assessment of goodwill impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the value has been impaired. The Company has designated September 30 as the date it performs the annual review of goodwill impairment. Goodwill impairment testing is performed at the segment (or “reporting unit”) level.

In evaluating goodwill for impairment, the reporting unit’s fair value was first compared to its carrying value. The fair value of the reporting unit was estimated by considering (1) market capitalization, (2) market multiple and recent transaction values of similar companies and (3) projected discounted future cash flows, if reasonably estimable. Key assumptions in the estimation of projected discounted future cash flows include the use of an appropriate discount rate, estimated future cash flows and estimated run rates of sales, gross profit and operating expenses. In estimating future cash flows, the Company incorporates expected growth rates, as well as other factors into its revenue and expense forecasts. If the reporting unit’s fair value exceeds its carrying value, no further testing is required. If, however, the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, the amount of the impairment charge is determined, if any. An impairment charge is recognized if the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. As of September 30, 2016 the Company’s balance sheet reflected goodwill of $7,794,000, of which $6,359,000 related to the chargers reporting unit and $1,435,000 related to the controls reporting unit. The estimated fair value of the reporting units exceeded their carrying values under each method of calculation performed. As of September 30, 2015 goodwill of $1,435,000 was reported on the Company’s balance sheet, which related wholly to the controls reporting unit, and the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value under each method of calculation performed.

 

Q.    New Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09: “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”, comprehensive new revenue recognition guidance which will supersede almost all existing revenue recognition guidance. It affects any entity that enters into contracts with customers for the transfer of goods or services. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, in August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14: “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”. This update was issued to defer the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 by one year. Therefore, the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 for public business entities is the annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2017 including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements. This guidance will be effective for the Company in fiscal year 2019.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-12: “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718)” which requires that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements. This guidance will be effective for the Company in fiscal year 2017.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11: “Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory” which requires inventory within the scope of this standard to be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. For public business entities, the guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements. This guidance will be effective for the Company in fiscal year 2018.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16: “Business Combinations (Topic 805)” which amends existing guidance related to measurement period adjustments associated with a business combination. The new standard requires the Company to recognize measurement period adjustments in the reporting period in which the adjustments are determined. The amendment removes the requirement to adjust prior period financial statements for these measurement period adjustments. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements. This guidance will be effective for the Company in fiscal year 2017.

In February 2016, the FASB issued FASB ASU No. 2016-02: “Leases (Topic 842)” in which the core principle is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases. For operating leases, a lessee is required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the balance sheet. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. The accounting applied by a lessor is largely unchanged from that applied under current GAAP. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements. This guidance will be effective for the Company in fiscal year 2020.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09: “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)” simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment award transactions. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements. This guidance will be effective for the Company in fiscal year 2018.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15: “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) – Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” which addresses eight specific statement of cash flow issues with the objective of reducing diversity in practice. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements. This guidance will be effective for the Company in fiscal year 2019.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16: “Income Taxes (Topic 740) Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory” which requires an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset (excluding inventory) when the transfer occurs instead of when the asset is sold to an outside party. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements. This guidance will be effective for the Company in fiscal year 2019.

 

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (Topic 740), which eliminates the current requirement for companies to present deferred tax liabilities and assets as current and non-current in a classified balance sheet. To simplify the presentation of deferred income taxes, ASU 2015-17 requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as non-current in a classified statement of financial position. ASU 2015-17 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 (our fiscal year 2018), including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company elected to early adopt the provisions of ASU 2015-17 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016. The adoption of ASU 2015-17 did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position and resulted in the classification of the net tax position as a long term asset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2015.

In April 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs which requires debt issuance costs to be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the associated debt liability. In August 2015, the FASB clarified the previous ASU and issued ASU No. 2015-15, Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements – Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Announcement at June 18, 2015 EITF Meeting , which addresses the presentation of debt issuance costs related to line of credit arrangements. These updates are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and require retrospective application. Debt issuance costs related to line of credit arrangements will remain classified as assets in accordance with ASU No. 2015-15. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU, 2015-03 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the implementation of which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

R.    Employee Benefit Plans

Sevcon recognizes its pension plans’ funded status in its consolidated balance sheets and recognizes the change in a plan’s funded status in comprehensive loss in the year which the changes occur.

 

(2)   ACQUISITIONS

Bassi Unipersonale S.r.l (“Bassi”)

On January 26, 2016, the Company and its wholly-owned indirect subsidiary, Sevcon S.r.l. (“Sevcon Italy”), entered into a Quota Sale and Purchase Agreement with Bassi Holding S.r.l. (“Bassi Holding”), an Italian limited liability company, and the quota owners of Bassi Holding, to acquire all the outstanding quotas of Bassi, a limited liability company located in Lugo, Italy. Bassi designs, manufactures and sells battery chargers for electric vehicles and power management and uninterrupted power source systems for industrial, medical and telecom applications, as well as electronic instrumentation for battery laboratories. The principal reasons for the acquisition were to enable the Company to expand its addressable share of the high-growth electrification market and enhance earnings by adding an immediately accretive business.

In order to fund the cash element of the acquisition price, on January 27, 2016, the Company also entered into a term loan agreement providing for a credit facility with MPS Bank, see note 12. The acquisition closed on January 29, 2016.

Purchase Price

The total purchase price was approximately $19.1 million and included (1) cash consideration of €10.0 million ($10.8 million) and (2) 500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock ($4.8 million at the Company’s closing date stock price of $9.52) and (3) the fair value of assumed dividends payable to the former owner of Bassi, Bassi Holding of €3.23 million ($3.5 million).

Sevcon Italy is required to distribute to the former owner of Bassi, Bassi Holding, outstanding dividends at fair value aggregating €3.23 million (approximately $3.5 million) in increments over a three-year period, post-closing.

During the twelve months ended September 30, 2016, the Company incurred $1.5 million in expenses related to the Company’s acquisition of Bassi that are included in the consolidated statement of operations.

The Company accounted for the transaction using the acquisition method and, accordingly, the consideration has been allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the basis of their respective estimated fair values on the acquisition date. Goodwill resulting from this acquisition is largely attributable to the experienced workforce of Bassi and synergies expected to arise after the integration of Bassi’s products and operations into those of the Company. Goodwill resulting from this acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes. Identifiable intangible assets acquired as part of the acquisition included definite-lived intangible assets for developed technologies, customer relationships, order backlog and trade names, which are being amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, as well as goodwill.

 

The fair value of the total consideration has been allocated based on the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows (in thousands):

 

 

The fair values assigned to certain identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, were revised in the fourth quarter of 2016 following a measurement period review by management.  Adjustments were made to increase the fair values of inventory and other assets by $135,000 and $217,000, respectively, and to reduce the fair values of deferred tax liabilities and long-term liabilities by $65,000 and $261,000, respectively. The total impact of these adjustments was to increase recognized net assets acquired by $678,000 with an equivalent reduction in goodwill arising on the business combination. Accordingly, the value of goodwill has been revised from a preliminary value $7,037,000 to a final value of $6,359,000.

Valuation of Intangible Assets Acquired

 

The following table sets forth the components of intangible assets acquired in connection with the Bassi acquisition (dollars in thousands):

 

Actual Results of Bassi Acquisition

 

Bassi’s net revenues and operating loss following the acquisition included in the Company’s operating results for the twelve months ended September 30, 2016 were $13.4 million and $(0.6) million, respectively.

Pro Forma Summary

 

The unaudited consolidated pro forma results for the twelve-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 are shown below.  The pro forma consolidated results combine the results of operations of the Company and Bassi as though Bassi had been acquired on October 1, 2014 and include amortization charges for the acquired intangibles and interest expense related to the Company’s borrowings to finance the acquisition.  The unaudited 2016 pro forma results were adjusted to exclude $1,535,000 of acquisition costs to date related to Bassi, $983,000 of intangible assets amortization expense and $484,000 of expense relating to fair value adjustments to acquisition date inventory, payables, allowance for doubtful accounts and property and equipment. The unaudited pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place on October 1, 2014.

(3)   CAPITAL STOCK

Sevcon Inc. has two classes of authorized capital stock, preferred and common. There are authorized 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $.10 par value and 20,000,000 shares of common stock, $.10 par value.

On September 12, 2014 the Company issued 465,500 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred”) at $21.50 per share. The issue raised $9.3 million after costs. The preferred stock, which has a stated value of $24 per share, pays a 4% cumulative annual dividend paid semi-annually on October 15 and April 15, each year. The main terms of the Series A Preferred are as follows:

Ranking - With respect to the payment of dividends and distribution of amounts of net assets upon a dissolution, liquidation or winding up, the Series A Preferred will rank senior to common stock and any other class or series of stock over which the Series A Preferred has preference or priority in the payment of dividends or in the distribution of assets on liquidation.

Dividends - The holders of the Series A Preferred are entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors, out of funds legally available for such purpose, dividends at the rate equal to 4% of the stated value per share of $24.00, and no more.  Such dividends are cumulative and accrue without interest on a daily basis from the date of issuance of the Series A Preferred, and are payable semiannually in cash or in shares of common stock at the Company’s sole discretion.

Liquidation Preference  - In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up (a “liquidation”), after the satisfaction in full of the debts of the corporation and the payment of any priority liquidation preference owed to the holders of shares of stock which rank senior to the Series A Preferred, the holders of Series A Preferred shall be entitled to receive out of the assets of the corporation an amount equal to the dividends accrued and unpaid thereon, without interest, plus a sum in cash or property at its fair market value as determined by the Board of Directors equal to the greater of (a) the stated value per share of Series A Preferred and (b) such amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of Series A Preferred been converted into common stock immediately before the liquidation, before any payment may be made or assets distributed to the holders of Junior Stock. For this purpose, “liquidation” does not include any consolidation of the Company with, or merger of the Company into, any other entity, any merger of another entity into the Company, any sale or transfer of assets of the Company or any exchange of securities of the Company.

Conversion - Optional Conversion by Holder - Each share of Series A Preferred is convertible at the election of the holder at any time, into shares of common stock by dividing the stated value ($24.00) per share by a conversion price, which is initially $8.00, resulting in a conversion ratio of 3:1.

 

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Voting - The holders of Series A Preferred do not have any voting rights except in the event the terms of the Series A Preferred were to be altered or the Company were to issue any shares of any other class or series of capital stock ranking senior to the Series A Preferred as to dividends or upon liquidation.

Redemption – The Series A Preferred are not-redeemable for cash or other assets.

Sevcon entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with certain institutional and accredited investors on July 6, 2016 in which the Company sold and issued 1,124,000 units at $9.12 per unit. Each unit consists of 1 share of common stock ($0.10 par value) and 0.5 warrant to purchase 1 share of common stock for $10.00 exercise price per warrant share. The closing date of this transaction was July 8, 2016 which resulted in the Company receiving $10,250,880 gross proceeds (1,124,000 units @ $9.12 per unit). The investors received 1,124,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 562,000 (50% of 1,124,000) shares of common stock.

The Company has analyzed the warrants under FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity and other relevant literature, and determined that the warrants meet the criteria for classification as equity instruments. The Company estimated the fair value of warrants using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model and recorded them in stockholders’ equity with an offset to additional paid in capital recorded from the sale of the units.

Under the Company’s 1996 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) there were 124,888 shares reserved and available for grant at September 30, 2016. There were 139,578 shares reserved and available for grant at September 30, 2015.  There were no options exercised in 2016 or in 2015.

 

The Plan, which is shareholder-approved, permits the grant of restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock options and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”).SARs may be awarded either separately, or in relation to options granted, and for the grant of bonus shares. Options granted are exercisable at a price not less than fair market value on the date of grant.

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The Company estimated the fair values of its stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, which was developed for use in estimating the fair values of stock options. Option valuation models, including the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, require the input of assumptions, including stock price volatility. Changes in the input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates and ultimately how much the Company recognizes as stock-based compensation expense. The fair values of the Company’s stock options were estimated at the grant dates. The weighted average input assumptions used and resulting fair values of stock options were as follows for 2016 (there were no stock options outstanding in 2015):

 

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