EarthLink Holdings, LLC - FORM 10-Q

Attached files

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EX-32.2 - EXHIBIT 32.2 - EarthLink Holdings, LLC	elnk-ex322_2016930x10q.htm
EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - EarthLink Holdings, LLC	elnk-ex321_2016930x10q.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - EarthLink Holdings, LLC	elnk-ex312_2016930x10q.htm
EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - EarthLink Holdings, LLC	elnk-ex311_2016930x10q.htm

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016



o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number: 001-15605

EARTHLINK HOLDINGS CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		46-4228084
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1170 Peachtree Street NE, Suite 900, Atlanta, Georgia 30309

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(404) 815-0770

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

_______________________________________________________

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report date)

_______________________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer x		Accelerated filer o

Non-accelerated filer o		Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

As of October 31, 2016, 105,490,072 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, were outstanding.

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EARTHLINK HOLDINGS CORP.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS



Part I

Item 1. Financial Statements	1

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	39

Item 4. Controls and Procedures	39

Part II

Item 1. Legal Proceedings	40

Item 1A. Risk Factors	40

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	40

Item 5. Other Information	40

Item 6. Exhibits	41

Signatures	42

Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1. Financial Statements.

EARTHLINK HOLDINGS CORP.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS



	December 31, 2015			September 30, 2016
	(in thousands, except per share data)
				(unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	91,296		$	58,977
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $3,537 and $2,941 as of December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2016, respectively	74,724			70,920
Prepaid expenses	14,187			14,880
Other current assets	9,724			8,672
Total current assets	189,931			153,449
Property and equipment, net	372,504			333,507
Goodwill	137,751			141,887
Other intangible assets, net	25,325			3,315
Other long-term assets	9,141			11,482
Total assets	$	734,652		$	643,640

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	18,442		$	19,672
Accrued payroll and related expenses	50,532			22,377
Other accrued liabilities	64,305			65,365
Deferred revenue	40,229			37,122
Current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations	6,787			4,401
Total current liabilities	180,295			148,937
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations	505,613			438,109
Long-term deferred income taxes, net	3,876			4,448
Other long-term liabilities	22,022			25,539
Total liabilities	711,806			617,033

Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2016	—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 300,000 shares authorized, 200,207 and 201,842 shares issued as of December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2016, respectively, and 103,880 and 105,515 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2016, respectively	2,002			2,018
Additional paid-in capital	2,026,638			2,018,171
Accumulated deficit	(1,260,937		)	(1,248,725		)
Treasury stock, at cost, 96,327 shares as of December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2016	(744,857		)	(744,857		)
Total stockholders’ equity	22,846			26,607
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	734,652		$	643,640

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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EARTHLINK HOLDINGS CORP.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2016			2015			2016
	(in thousands, except per share data) (unaudited)
Revenues	$	270,904		$	235,125		$	837,015		$	729,744
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)	122,391			109,540			378,901			335,680
Selling, general and administrative (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)	90,775			79,056			280,382			237,393
Depreciation and amortization	46,502			32,569			141,489			106,339
Restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs	5,486			2,844			14,836			9,136
Total operating costs and expenses	265,154			224,009			815,608			688,548
Income from operations	5,750			11,116			21,407			41,196
Gain on sale of businesses	—			3,401			—			9,128
Interest expense and other, net	(11,731		)	(9,877		)	(39,780		)	(31,810		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(2,482		)	(4,365		)	(9,734		)	(4,823		)
Income (loss) before income taxes	(8,463		)	275			(28,107		)	13,691
Income tax provision	(2,060		)	(45		)	(2,821		)	(1,479		)
Net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss)	$	(10,523	)	$	230		$	(30,928	)	$	12,212

Net income (loss) per share
Basic	$	(0.10	)	$	—		$	(0.30	)	$	0.12
Diluted	(0.10		)	—			(0.30		)	0.11

Weighted average common shares outstanding
Basic	103,737			105,505			103,228			105,090
Diluted	103,737			108,994			103,228			108,344

Dividends declared per share	$	0.05		$	0.05		$	0.15		$	0.15

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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EARTHLINK HOLDINGS CORP.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2016
Cash flows from operating activities:	(in thousands) (unaudited)
Net income (loss)	$	(30,928	)	$	12,212
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	141,489			106,339
Gain on sale of businesses	—			(9,128		)
Non-cash income taxes	532			524
Stock-based compensation	10,864			12,156
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs	2,872			2,433
Loss on extinguishment of debt	9,734			4,823
Other operating activities	571			(634		)
Decrease in accounts receivable, net	9,752			1,299
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets	(1,019		)	(4,777		)
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities	(15,628		)	(32,437		)
(Decrease) increase in deferred revenue	(2,150		)	5,650
Net cash provided by operating activities	126,089			98,460
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(60,413		)	(55,564		)
Purchase of business, net of cash acquired	—			(10,359		)
Proceeds from sale of businesses	—			30,427
Net cash used in investing activities	(60,413		)	(35,496		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of debt, net of issuance costs	69,761			57,522
Repayment of debt and capital lease obligations	(162,475		)	(136,336		)
Payment of dividends	(21,164		)	(16,720		)
Proceeds from exercises of stock options	1,692			251
Net cash used in financing activities	(112,186		)	(95,283		)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(46,510		)	(32,319		)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	134,133			91,296
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	87,623		$	58,977

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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EARTHLINK HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

UNAUDITED

1. Organization

EarthLink Holdings Corp. (“EarthLink” or the “Company”), together with its consolidated subsidiaries, is a leading managed network, security and cloud services provider to business and residential customers in the United States. The Company provides a broad range of data, voice and managed network services to retail and wholesale business customers. The Company also provides nationwide Internet access and related value-added services to residential customers. The Company operates an extensive network including more than 29,000 route fiber miles and 90 metro fiber rings. Through its owned and leased facilities, the Company provides data and voice IP service coverage across more than 90 percent of the United States. The Company operates four reportable segments aligned around distinct customer categories: Enterprise/Mid-Market, Small Business, Carrier/Transport and Consumer. For further information concerning the Company’s reportable segments, see Note 14, “Segment Information.”

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements of EarthLink for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016 and the related footnote information are unaudited and have been prepared on a basis consistent with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) (the “Annual Report”).

These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto contained in the Annual Report. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) which management considers necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results anticipated for the entire year ending December 31, 2016.

Basis of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of EarthLink include the accounts of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Revenue Recognition. In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued authoritative guidance on revenue from contracts with customers. The new guidance outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle of the revenue model is that an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard requires significantly expanded disclosures about revenue contract assets and liabilities. The new standard also includes new accounting principles related to the deferral and amortization of contract acquisition and fulfillment costs. In August 2015, the FASB issued guidance that deferred the effective date by one year. The standard is now required to be adopted by public business entities in annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods, and may be applied on a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach. Early adoption at the original effective date is permitted.

The Company has elected to adopt the standard in the first quarter of the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018. The Company is in the process of determining the method of adoption and assessing the impact the new standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

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EARTHLINK HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

UNAUDITED - (Continued)

Going Concern. In August 2014, the FASB issued authoritative guidance related to the disclosure of uncertainties about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern. The new guidance requires management to evaluate whether there are conditions and events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the financial statements and to provide related footnote disclosures if so. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, ending after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

Leases. In February 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance on accounting for leases. The new guidance requires the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases. As of the lease commencement date, a lessee is required to recognize a liability for its lease obligation (initially measured at the present value of the future lease payments not yet paid over the lease term) and an asset for its right to use the underlying asset equal to the lease liability, adjusted for lease payments made at or before lease commencement, lease incentives, and any initial direct costs. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the implementation of this standard on its financial statements.

Share-Based Payments. In March 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance, which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the implementation of this standard on its financial statements.

Statement of Cash Flows. In August 2016, the FASB issued authoritative guidance that clarifies how entities should classify certain cash receipts and cash payments on the statement of cash flows with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice related to eight specific cash flow issues. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its financial statements.

3. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share represents net income (loss) divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reported period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock, including stock options and restricted stock units (collectively "Common Stock Equivalents"), were exercised or converted into common stock. The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and restricted stock units is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method. In applying the treasury stock method for stock-based compensation arrangements, the assumed proceeds are computed as the sum of the amount the employee must pay upon exercise, the amount of compensation cost attributed to future services and not yet recognized and the amount of excess tax benefits, if any, that would be credited to additional paid-in capital assuming exercise of the awards.

The following table presents the computation for basic and diluted net income (loss) per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015			2016		2015			2016
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Numerator
Net income (loss)	$	(10,523	)	$	230	$	(30,928	)	$	12,212
Denominator
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	103,737			105,505		103,228			105,090
Dilutive effect of Common Stock Equivalents	—			3,489		—			3,254
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	103,737			108,994		103,228			108,344

Basic net income (loss) per share	$	(0.10	)	$	—	$	(0.30	)	$	0.12
Diluted net income (loss) per share	$	(0.10	)	$	—	$	(0.30	)	$	0.11

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EARTHLINK HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

UNAUDITED - (Continued)

The Company has not included the effect of Common Stock Equivalents in the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 because such inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect due to the Company's net loss. As of September 30, 2015, the Company had 8.8 million stock options and restricted stock units outstanding which were excluded from the determination of dilutive earnings per share. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, approximately 0.6 million stock options and restricted stock units were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Anti-dilutive securities could be dilutive in future periods.

4. Sale of Businesses

On February 1, 2016, the Company sold certain assets related to its IT services product offerings. The primary purpose of the sale was to simplify operations and provide more flexibility to invest in new capabilities and services to drive growth in the Company's core business. The purchase price in the transaction was $29.6 million, subject to post-closing contingencies that could increase or decrease the purchase price by up to $5.0 million. The Company received $26.6 million of cash. The other $3.0 million of consideration was deposited into an escrow account to fund potential indemnification obligations. The Company recognized a pretax gain of $6.3 million and recorded a $2.0 million deferred gain for contingent consideration. The gain is included in gain on sale of businesses in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss). The carrying amount of the IT services assets was $17.5 million, which included $11.4 million of property and equipment, $2.3 million of goodwill, $3.5 million of other intangible assets and $0.3 million of other assets and liabilities. Total revenue of the Company's IT services business was approximately $34.9 million and $3.4 million, respectively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016. The sale of the IT services business did not represent a strategic shift in the Company's business nor did it have a major effect on the Company's consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows, and accordingly, did not qualify for reporting as a discontinued operation. The IT services business was previously included in the Company's Enterprise/Mid-Market and Small Business segments.

On July 15, 2016, the Company sold approximately 12,000 consumer customer relationships to one of its network providers for $3.8 million of cash and recognized a pretax gain of $2.8 million. The gain is included in gain on sale of businesses in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss). The carrying amount of the disposed assets was $1.0 million. The customer relationships were previously included in the Company's Consumer segment.

5. Acquisition

On July 13, 2016, the Company acquired Boston Retail Partners, LLC (“BRP”), a privately-held management consulting firm focused on the retail industry, for initial consideration of approximately $11.2 million, plus possible earn-out payments which could increase the purchase price by up to $5.6 million. The primary purpose of the transaction was to provide additional professional services capabilities in connection with the Company's strategy to be a leading managed network, security and cloud services provider for multi-location retail and service businesses.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed of BRP were recognized at their acquisition date fair values. In allocating the purchase price based on estimated fair values, EarthLink recorded approximately $7.4 million of goodwill, $3.4 million of identifiable intangible assets, $1.5 million of net other assets and a $1.1 million liability for possible earn-out payments. The allocation of the consideration transferred was based upon a preliminary valuation and the Company’s estimates and assumptions are subject to change. The primary areas of the preliminary purchase price allocation that are not yet finalized relate to working capital adjustments, the fair value of intangible assets, income and non-income based taxes and residual goodwill. EarthLink has included the financial results of BRP in its consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Pro forma financial information for BRP has not been presented, as the effects were not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

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EARTHLINK HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

UNAUDITED - (Continued)

6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by operating segment during the nine months ended September 30, 2016:



	Enterprise/			Small			Carrier/
	Mid-Market			Business			Transport			Consumer			Total
	(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2015
Goodwill	$	237,982		$	57,137		$	98,290		$	88,920		$	482,329
Accumulated impairment loss	(208,443		)	(50,045		)	(86,090		)	—			(344,578		)
	29,539			7,092			12,200			88,920			137,751

Goodwill acquired	7,423			—			—			—			7,423
Goodwill disposed	(1,516		)	(746		)	—			(1,025		)	(3,287		)

Balance as of September 30, 2016
Goodwill	243,889			56,391			98,290			87,895			486,465
Accumulated impairment loss	(208,443		)	(50,045		)	(86,090		)	—			(344,578		)
	$	35,446		$	6,346		$	12,200		$	87,895		$	141,887

Other Intangible Assets

The following table presents the components of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets included in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2016:



	As of December 31, 2015							As of September 30, 2016
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value
	(in thousands)
Customer relationships	$	346,825	$	(323,365	)	$	23,460	$	339,857	$	(337,709	)	$	2,148
Developed technology and software	26,261		(24,396		)	1,865		25,311		(25,008		)	303
Trade name	1,521		(1,521		)	—		1,801		(1,541		)	260
Other	—		—			—		630		(26		)	604
Other intangible assets, net	$	374,607	$	(349,282	)	$	25,325	$	367,599	$	(364,284	)	$	3,315

Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The Company amortizes its customer relationships using the straight-line method to match the estimated cash flow generated by such assets, and amortizes its developed technology and software, trade names and other identifiable intangible assets using the straight-line method because a pattern to which the expected benefits will be consumed or otherwise used up could not be reliably determined. As of September 30, 2016, the weighted average amortization periods were 5.3 years for customer relationships, 3.8 years for developed technology and software, 4.7 years for trade names and 5.0 years for other identifiable intangible assets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company sold intangible assets that had a gross carrying value of $10.4 million and a net carrying value of $3.5 million.

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EARTHLINK HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

UNAUDITED - (Continued)

Amortization of intangible assets, which is included in depreciation and amortization in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016 was as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2016		2015		2016
	(in thousands)
Amortization expense	$	16,597	$	4,024	$	49,873	$	21,869

Based on the current amount of definite-lived intangible assets, the Company expects to record amortization expense of approximately $1.0 million during the remaining three months in the year ending December 31, 2016 and $0.8 million, $0.8 million, $0.5 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Actual amortization expense to be reported in future periods could differ materially from these estimates as a result of acquisitions, changes in useful lives and other relevant factors.

7. Other Accrued Liabilities

The Company's other accrued liabilities consisted of the following as of December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2016:



	December 31, 2015		September 30, 2016
	(in thousands)
Accrued taxes and surcharges	$	14,663	$	15,241
Accrued communications costs	23,201		17,545
Customer-related liabilities	7,854		6,562
Accrued interest	3,822		10,121
Other	14,765		15,896
Total other accrued liabilities	$	64,305	$	65,365

8. Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

The Company’s long-term debt and capital lease obligations consisted of the following as of December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2016:



	December 31, 2015			September 30, 2016
	(in thousands)
Senior secured notes due June 2020	$	300,000		$	300,000
Unamortized debt issue costs on senior secured notes due June 2020	(4,723		)	(3,921		)
Senior notes due May 2019	173,925			76,557
Unamortized discount and debt issue costs on senior notes due May 2019	(5,393		)	(1,880		)
Senior secured term loan	—			49,375
Unamortized debt issue costs on senior secured term loan	—			(588		)
Senior secured revolving credit facility	35,000			10,000
Capital lease obligations	13,591			12,967
Carrying value of debt and capital lease obligations	512,400			442,510
Less current portion of debt and capital lease obligations	(6,787		)	(4,401		)
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations	$	505,613		$	438,109

2016 Transactions

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company repurchased $7.0 million outstanding principal of its 8.875% Senior Notes due 2019 (the “Senior Notes”) in the open market for $7.0 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The Company recognized a $0.2 million loss on extinguishment of debt, consisting of the write-off of unamortized discount on debt, the write-off of debt issuance costs and payment of premium on the repurchase.

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EARTHLINK HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

UNAUDITED - (Continued)

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company repaid $35.0 million of its senior secured revolving credit facility. On June 30, 2016, the Company refinanced its senior secured revolving credit facility. See "2016 Credit Facility" below for more information.

During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company redeemed $90.0 million aggregate principal amount of its Senior Notes at a redemption price equal to 102.219% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The Company used $34.0 million of existing cash, a $50.0 million term loan and $10.0 million under its senior secured revolving credit facility to fund the redemption, call premium and accrued interest. The Company recognized a $4.3 million loss on extinguishment of debt, consisting of the write-off of unamortized discount on debt, the write-off of debt issuance costs and payment of premium on the repurchase.

During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company repurchased $0.4 million outstanding principal of its Senior Notes in the open market for $0.4 million, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

The above losses are included in loss on extinguishment of debt in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss). The payment of premiums is included in repayment of debt and capital lease obligations in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

Debt Covenants

The indenture governing the Company's 7.375% Senior Secured Notes due 2020 (the “Senior Secured Notes”) includes covenants which, subject to certain exceptions, limit the ability of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the indenture) to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, make certain types of restricted payments, create liens, transfer and sell assets, enter into certain transactions with affiliates, issue or sell stock of subsidiaries, engage in sale-leaseback transactions and create restrictions on dividends or other payments by restricted subsidiaries. Upon a change of control (as defined in the indenture), the Company may be required to make an offer to repurchase the Senior Secured Notes at 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The indenture governing the Senior Secured Notes also contains customary events of default. As of September 30, 2016, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

The indenture governing the Senior Notes includes covenants which, subject to certain exceptions, limit the ability of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the indenture) to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, make certain types of restricted payments, incur liens on assets of the Company or the Restricted Subsidiaries, engage in asset sales and enter into transactions with affiliates. Upon a change of control (as defined in the indenture), the Company may be required to make an offer to repurchase the Notes at 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The indenture governing the Senior Notes also contains customary events of default. As of September 30, 2016, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

The indentures governing the Senior Secured Notes and Senior Notes contain covenants regarding the Company's ability to make Restricted Payments (as defined in the indentures), including certain dividends, stock purchases, debt repayments and investments. As of September 30, 2016, the indentures governing the Company's Senior Secured Notes and Senior Notes permitted approximately $197.5 million and $325.8 million, respectively, in Restricted Payments. The Company's ability to make Restricted Payments varies over time, and is determined, in part, by the extent that the Company's cumulative EBITDA exceeds 300% of its cumulative interest expense.

2016 Credit Facility

General. In June 2016, the Company entered into a second amended and restated credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) providing for a new senior secured revolving credit facility with aggregate revolving commitments of up to $125.0 million and an up to $50.0 million delayed draw senior secured term loan (together, the "Credit Facility"). The senior secured revolving credit facility replaces the Company’s previous $135.0 million senior secured credit facility. The Company paid $2.5 million of transaction fees and expenses related to the new Credit Facility, which are being amortized to interest expense over the life of the Credit Facility using the straight-line method. The payment of transaction fees is included in proceeds (payments) from issuance of debt, net of issuance costs, in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The Company wrote-off $0.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the previous $135.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility. The loss is included in loss on extinguishment of debt in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

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Commitment fees and borrowing costs under this facility vary and are based on the Company’s most recent Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). As of September 30, 2016, the Company’s commitment fee was 0.5% and the Company’s borrowing cost is LIBOR plus 3.25% for LIBOR Rate Loans and the Base Rate plus 2.25% for Base Rate Loans. As of September 30, 2016, $1.4 million of letters of credit were outstanding under the Credit Agreement’s Letter of Credit Sublimit.

The amended and restated credit facility matures on June 30, 2021 and all amounts outstanding thereunder shall be due and payable in full, except that if the Company's Senior Secured Notes have not been repaid in full by February 29, 2020, the maturity date will be February 29, 2020. The term loan is subject to quarterly amortization of principal, commencing with the first fiscal quarter ending after the term loan is funded, as set forth as follows with the remaining outstanding principal amount (and any accrued and unpaid interest) due on February 29, 2020: Year 1, 5.0%; Year 2, 5.0%; Year 3, 7.5%, Year 4, 7.5%; and Year 5, 10.0%. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company made quarterly principal payments of $0.6 million on the term loan.

The Credit Facility may in the future be increased by up to $50.0 million (so long as the aggregate amount of the Credit Facility does not exceed $175.0 million) with additional commitments from the current lenders or other financial institutions reasonably acceptable to the administrative agent and the satisfaction of conditions contained in the Credit Agreement.

The Company is the borrower under the Credit Facility. All obligations of the borrower under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by each of the Company’s existing direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries and will be guaranteed by certain of the Company’s future direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries (other than immaterial subsidiaries). The obligations of the Company and the subsidiary guarantors under the Credit Facility, as well as obligations under any treasury management, interest protection or other hedging arrangements entered into with a lender (or affiliate thereof), are secured by (subject to certain liens permitted by the Credit Agreement) liens, which rank equally with the Company’s other senior secured indebtedness, on and security interests in, (i) substantially all of the Company’s and the subsidiary guarantors’ present and future personal property assets (subject to certain exclusions set forth in the Credit Agreement), (ii) certain of the Company’s and the subsidiary guarantors’ present and future real estate owned in fee simple that is required by the Credit Agreement to be mortgaged, (iii) all present and future shares of the capital stock of the Company’s and the subsidiary guarantors’ present and future subsidiaries (excluding any stock in excess of 66% of the voting stock of non-U.S. subsidiaries), and (iv) all proceeds and products of the foregoing property and assets.

Prepayment. The Company may prepay the Credit Facility in whole or in part at any time without premium or penalty, subject to reimbursement of the lenders’ breakage and redeployment costs in the case of prepayment of LIBOR borrowings. The Company may irrevocably reduce or terminate the unutilized portion of the revolving credit facility at any time without penalty.

Covenants. The Credit Agreement contains representations and warranties, covenants and events of default with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries that are customarily applicable to senior secured credit facilities. The negative covenants contained in the Credit Agreement include restrictions on the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, make capital expenditures, incur liens on assets, engage in certain mergers, acquisitions or divestitures, pay dividends or make other distributions, voluntarily prepay certain other indebtedness (including certain prepayments of the Company’s senior secured notes and senior notes), enter into transactions with affiliates, make investments, and change the nature of their businesses, and amend the terms of certain other indebtedness (including the Company’s existing notes), in each case subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Credit Agreement.

Additionally, the Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain a consolidated net leverage ratio of not greater than 3.5 to 1.0 (with restrictions on cash netting) and a consolidated interest coverage ratio of not less than 2.5 to 1.0. The Company was in compliance with all covenants as of September 30, 2016.

Financial Information Under Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X

The Company’s Senior Secured Notes and Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis by each of the Company’s existing and future domestic subsidiaries, other than certain subsidiaries that are minor (the “Guarantor Subsidiaries”). All of the Guarantor Subsidiaries are 100% owned by the Company and have, jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally guaranteed, to each holder of the Notes, the full and prompt performance of the Company’s obligations under the Notes and the indenture governing the Notes, including the payment of principal (or premium, if any) and interest on the Notes, on an equal and ratable basis. Further, the Company has no independent assets or operations, and there are no significant restrictions on the ability of its consolidated subsidiaries to transfer funds to the Company in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances. The Company’s assets consist solely of investments it has made in its consolidated subsidiaries, and its operations consist solely of changes in its investment in subsidiaries and interest associated with the Senior Secured Notes and Senior Notes. Based

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on these facts, and in accordance with SEC Regulation S-X Rule 3-10, “Financial statements of guarantors and issuers of guaranteed securities registered or being registered,” the Company is not required to provide condensed consolidating financial information for the Guarantor Subsidiaries.

9. Stockholders’ Equity

Share Repurchases

Since the inception of the Company’s share repurchase program, the Board of Directors has authorized a total of $750.0 million for the repurchase of EarthLink’s common stock. As of September 30, 2016, the Company had $65.7 million available under the current authorizations. The Company may repurchase its common stock from time to time in compliance with the SEC’s regulations and other legal requirements, including through the use of derivative transactions, and subject to market conditions and other factors. The share repurchase program does not require the Company to acquire any specific number of shares and may be terminated by the Board of Directors at any time. In addition, the agreements governing the Company’s Senior Secured Notes and Senior Notes and the Company's Credit Agreement contain restrictions on the ability of the Company to repurchase common stock.

Dividends

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016, cash dividends declared were $0.15 and $0.15 per common share, respectively. The Company also pays cash dividend amounts on each outstanding restricted stock unit to be paid at the time the restricted stock unit vests. Cash dividend amounts are forfeited if the restricted stock units do not vest. Total dividend payments were $21.2 million and $16.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The decision to declare future dividends is made at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, investment opportunities and other factors the Board of Directors may deem relevant. In addition, the agreements governing the Company’s Senior Secured Notes and Senior Notes and the Company's Credit Agreement contain restrictions on the amount of dividends the Company can pay.

10. Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense was $3.6 million and $4.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016, respectively, and $10.9 million and $12.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The Company has classified stock-based compensation expense within selling, general and administrative expense, the same operating expense line item as cash compensation paid to employees.

Options Outstanding

The following table presents stock option activity as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2016:



	Stock Options		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
	(shares and dollars in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2015	908		$	6.52
Granted	—		—
Exercised	(41	)	6.08
Forfeited and expired	(169	)	8.53
Outstanding as of September 30, 2016	698		6.07		6.1	$	390
Vested and expected to vest as of September 30, 2016	662		6.10		6.0	$	361
Exercisable as of September 30, 2016	458		6.42		5.6	$	195

The aggregate intrinsic value amounts in the table above represent the closing price of the Company’s common stock on September 30, 2016 in excess of the exercise price, multiplied by the number of stock options outstanding, exercisable or vested and expected to vest, when the closing price is greater than the exercise price. This represents the amount that would have been received by the stock option holders if they had all exercised their stock options on September 30, 2016. The total intrinsic value

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of stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $0.9 million. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was not material. The intrinsic value of stock options exercised represents the difference between the market value of Company’s common stock at the time of exercise and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of stock options exercised. As of September 30, 2016, there was $0.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.2 years.

The following table presents the status of the Company’s stock options as of September 30, 2016:



Stock Options Outstanding									Stock Options Exercisable
						Weighted
						Average	Weighted			Weighted
						Remaining	Average			Average
Range of					Number	Contractual	Exercise		Number	Exercise
Exercise Prices					Outstanding	Life	Price		Exercisable	Price
					(in thousands)				(in thousands)
$	4.97	to	$	4.97	300	7.3	$	4.97	150	$	4.97
6.08		to	6.08		179	6.4	6.08		89	6.08
6.90		to	9.23		219	4.2	7.56		219	7.56
4.97		to	9.23		698	6.1	6.07		458	6.42

Restricted Stock Units

The following table presents restricted stock unit activity as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2016:



	Restricted Stock Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2015	7,751		$	4.58
Granted	3,544		5.23
Vested	(2,362	)	4.89
Forfeited	(684	)	4.55
Outstanding as of September 30, 2016	8,249		$	4.77

The fair value of restricted stock units is determined based on the closing price of EarthLink’s common stock on the grant date. The weighted-average grant date fair value of restricted stock units granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016 was $4.53 and $5.23, respectively. As of September 30, 2016, there was $22.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock units. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years. The total fair value of shares vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016 was $8.6 million and $13.1 million, respectively, which represents the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the vesting date multiplied by the number of restricted stock units that vested.

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11. Restructuring, Acquisition and Integration-Related Costs

Restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs consisted of the following during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2015		2016			2015		2016
	(in thousands)
Integration-related costs	$	1,526	$	2,736		$	4,501	$	6,412
Severance, retention and other employee costs	2,986		547			6,935		2,105
Facility-related costs	974		(630		)	3,400		428
Transaction-related costs	—		191			—		191
Restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs	$	5,486	$	2,844		$	14,836	$	9,136

Restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs consist of costs related to the Company's restructuring, acquisition and integration-related activities. The Company recognizes a liability for costs associated with an exit or disposal activity when the liability is incurred. The Company recognizes severance costs when they are both probable and reasonably estimable. Restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs include the following:

•

Integration-related costs, such as system conversion and integration-related consulting and employee costs. The Company is also undertaking a long-term network optimization project designed to consolidate traffic onto network facilities operated by the Company and reduce the usage of other carriers’ networks. Integration-related costs associated with this initiative include costs to migrate traffic to lower cost circuits and to terminate existing contracts prior to their expiration;


•	Severance, retention and other employee termination costs associated with acquisition and integration activities and as a result of evaluations of our operating structure;


•	Facility-related costs, such as lease termination and asset impairments; and


•	Transaction-related costs, which are direct costs incurred to effect a business combination, such as advisory, legal, accounting, valuation and other professional fees.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded $2.5 million of restructuring costs in connection with changes in its business strategy. The restructuring costs consisted of $2.1 million of severance due to reductions in workforce and $0.4 million of facilities-related costs primarily due to the closing of certain sales offices and other facilities. Restructuring costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 are included in restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

The following table summarizes activity for liability balances associated with facility exit and restructuring liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2016:



	Severance and Benefits			Facilities			Total
	(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	3,539		$	5,542		$	9,081
Accruals	2,105			428			2,533
Payments	(4,949		)	(2,202		)	(7,151		)
Balance as of September 30, 2016	$	695		$	3,768		$	4,463

As of December 31, 2015, $5.4 million of facility exit and restructuring liabilities were classified within current liabilities and $3.7 million were classified as other long-term liabilities. As of September 30, 2016, $2.1 million of facility exit and restructuring liabilities were classified within current liabilities and $2.4 million were classified as other long-term liabilities.

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12. Income Taxes

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $1.5 million, resulting in an effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 of approximately 10.8%. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $2.8 million, resulting in an effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 of approximately (10.0)%.

The difference between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily relates to changes in the valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets. The income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 includes federal alternative minimum tax expense, tax expense for foreign and state taxes, amortization of intangibles with indefinite useful lives and a discrete expense of $0.1 million, primarily for accrued interest on uncertain tax positions and state taxes. The difference between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 primarily relates to changes in the valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets. The income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 includes tax expense for foreign and state taxes, amortization of intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and a discrete expense primarily for the recording of an uncertain tax position of $1.9 million, including applicable interest, related to certain tax positions that the Company had taken in prior years.

As of September 30, 2016, the Company had a valuation allowance of $343.1 million against its net deferred tax assets, exclusive of its deferred tax liabilities with indefinite useful lives. The Company continually reviews the adequacy of the valuation allowance and recognizes the benefits of deferred tax assets only as the reassessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. As of September 30, 2016, the Company does not believe it is more likely than not that the remaining net deferred tax assets will be realized. Should the Company’s assessment change in a future period it may release all or a portion of the valuation allowance at such time, which would result in a deferred tax benefit in the period of adjustment.

13. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). A three-tier fair value hierarchy is used to prioritize the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

The estimated fair value of the Company’s Senior Secured Notes and Senior Notes was determined based on Level 2 input using observable market prices in less active markets. The carrying amount of the Company’s senior secured term loan and senior secured revolving credit facility approximated its fair value as of December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2016. The following table presents the fair value of the Company’s debt, excluding capital leases, as of December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2016:



	As of December 31, 2015				As of September 30, 2016
	Carrying				Carrying
	Amount		Fair Value		Amount		Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Senior Secured Notes	$	295,277	$	305,439	$	296,079	$	315,000
Senior Notes	168,532		177,404		74,677		77,698
Senior secured term loan	—		—		48,787		49,375
Senior secured revolving credit facility	35,000		35,000		10,000		10,000
Total debt, excluding capital leases	$	498,809	$	517,843	$	429,543	$	452,073

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14. Segment Information

General

The Company reports segment information along the same lines that its Chief Operating Decision Maker reviews its operating results in assessing performance and allocating resources. The Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company's reportable segments are strategic business units that are aligned around distinct customer categories to optimize operations. The Company operates the following four reportable segments:


•	Enterprise/Mid-Market. The Company’s Enterprise/Mid-Market segment provides a broad range of data, voice and managed network services to distributed multi-site business customers.


•	Small Business. The Company’s Small Business segment provides a broad range of data, voice and managed network services to small, often single-site business customers.


•	Carrier/Transport. The Company’s Carrier/Transport segment provides transmission capacity and other data, voice and managed network services to telecommunications carriers and large enterprises.


•	Consumer. The Company’s Consumer segment provides nationwide Internet access and related value-added services to residential customers.

Segment Results

The following table presents segment results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2015		2016		2015		2016
	(in thousands)
Enterprise/Mid-Market
Revenues	$	110,051	$	97,972	$	338,809	$	300,247
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization)	54,574		51,314		167,062		153,384
Gross margin	55,477		46,658		171,747		146,863
Small Business
Revenues	72,876		53,722		230,577		$	173,124
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization)	34,059		25,953		106,577		82,892
Gross margin	38,817		27,769		124,000		90,232
Carrier/Transport
Revenues	34,190		35,575		101,606		$	106,768
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization)	14,839		16,393		46,124		47,146
Gross margin	19,351		19,182		55,482		59,622
Consumer
Revenues	53,787		47,856		166,023		$	149,605
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization)	18,919		15,880		59,138		52,258
Gross margin	34,868		31,976		106,885		97,347
Total Segments
Revenues	270,904		235,125		837,015		729,744
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization)	122,391		109,540		378,901		335,680
Gross margin	$	148,513	$	125,585	$	458,114	$	394,064

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The following table presents a reconciliation of segment gross margin to consolidated income (loss) before income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2015			2016			2015			2016
	(in thousands)

Segment gross margin	$	148,513		$	125,585		$	458,114		$	394,064
Operating costs and expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	90,775			79,056			280,382			237,393
Depreciation and amortization	46,502			32,569			141,489			106,339
Restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs	5,486			2,844			14,836			9,136
Total operating costs and expenses	142,763			114,469			436,707			352,868
Income from operations	5,750			11,116			21,407			41,196
Gain on sale of business	—			3,401			—			9,128
Interest expense and other, net	(11,731		)	(9,877		)	(39,780		)	(31,810		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(2,482		)	(4,365		)	(9,734		)	(4,823		)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(8,463	)	$	275		$	(28,107	)	$	13,691

The Company evaluates performance of its segments based on segment gross margin. Segment gross margin includes revenues from external customers and related cost of revenues. Costs excluded from segment gross margin include selling, general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs, gain on sale of business, interest expense and other, net, and loss on extinguishment of debt, as they are not considered in the measurement of segment performance. Management periodically evaluates the segmentation of customers within the distinct customer categories, which may result in changes to segment information in the future.

The Company manages its working capital on a consolidated basis and does not allocate long-lived assets to segments. In addition, segment assets are not reported to, or used by, the Chief Operating Decision Maker and therefore, total segment assets and expenditures for additions of long-lived assets have not been disclosed.

The Company has not provided information about geographic segments because substantially all of the Company’s revenues, results of operations and identifiable assets are in the United States.

Revenues by Type

The Company generates revenues by providing a broad range of data, voice and managed network services to business and residential customers. The Company’s revenues primarily consist of the following:


•	Monthly recurring charges for providing data, voice and managed network services; transmission capacity; and Internet access and related value-added services;


•	Usage revenues;


•	Equipment revenues; and


•	Non-recurring and other revenues, such as installation fees, termination fees and administrative fees.

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The following table presents revenue detail for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2015		2016		2015		2016
	(in thousands)

Monthly recurring revenues	$	240,360	$	205,285	$	739,480	$	641,380
Usage revenues	24,284		19,791		77,082		63,520
Equipment revenues	3,617		3,906		11,276		11,960
Non-recurring and other revenues	2,643		6,143		9,177		12,884
Total revenues	$	270,904	$	235,125	$	837,015	$	729,744

15. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal proceedings and other disputes

General. The Company is party to various legal proceedings and other disputes arising in the normal course of business, including, but not limited to, regulatory audits, E911 payments, trademark and patent infringement, billing disputes, rights of access, tax, consumer protection, employment and tort. The Company accrues for such matters when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Where it is probable that a liability has been incurred and there is a range of expected loss for which no amount in the range is more likely than any other amount, the Company accrues at the low end of the range. The Company reviews its accruals each reporting period.

The Company's management believes that there are no disputes, litigation or other legal proceedings, audits or disputes asserted or pending against the Company that could have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows, and believes that adequate provision for any probable and estimable losses has been made in the Company's consolidated financial statements. However, the ultimate result of any current or future litigation or other legal proceedings, audits or disputes is inherently unpredictable and could result in liabilities that are higher than currently predicted.

Regulatory audits. The Company is subject to regulatory audits in the ordinary course of business with respect to various matters, including audits by local municipalities for E911 charges and audits by the Universal Service Administrative Company on universal service fund assessments and payments. These audits can cover periods for several years prior to the date the audit is undertaken and could result in the imposition of liabilities, interest and penalties if the Company's positions are not accepted by the auditing entity. The Company's financial statements contain reserves for certain of such potential liabilities.

Billing disputes. The Company is periodically involved in disputes related to its billings to other carriers for access to its network. The Company does not recognize revenue related to such matters until the period that revenues are determinable and it is reasonably assured of the collection of the amounts billed. In the event that a claim is made related to revenues previously recognized, the Company assesses the validity of the claim and adjusts the amount of revenue being recognized to the extent that the claim adjustment is considered probable and estimable. The Company recognized $1.2 million of net favorable disputes related to its billings to other carriers during the three months ended September 30, 2015, and $4.3 million and $1.6 million of net favorable disputes related to its billings to other carriers during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016, respectively, which are included in revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

The Company periodically disputes network access charges that it is assessed by other companies with which the Company interconnects. The Company maintains adequate reserves for anticipated exposure associated with these billing disputes. The reserves are subject to changes in estimates and management judgment as new information becomes available. In view of the length of time historically required to resolve these disputes, they may be resolved or require adjustment in future periods and relate to costs invoiced, accrued or paid in prior periods. While the Company believes its reserves for billing disputes are adequate, it is reasonably possible that the Company could record additional expense of up to $9.6 million for unrecorded disputed amounts. The Company recognized $3.3 million and $3.6 million for favorable disputes with telecommunication vendors during the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016, respectively, $9.9 million and $11.1 million for favorable disputes with

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telecommunication vendors during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016, respectively, which are included in cost of revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Regulation

The Company's services are subject to varying degrees of federal, state and local regulation. These regulations are subject to ongoing proceedings at federal and state administrative agencies or within state and federal judicial systems. Results of these proceedings could change, in varying degrees, the manner in which the Company operates. The Company cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings or their effect on the Company's industry generally or upon the Company specifically.

16. Subsequent Event

On November 5, 2016, the Company entered into a definitive merger agreement with Windstream Holdings, Inc. (“Windstream”) under which the Company and Windstream will merge in an all-stock transaction valued at approximately $1.1 billion. Under the terms of the merger agreement, EarthLink’s shareholders will receive 0.818 shares of Windstream common stock for each EarthLink share owned. Upon closing of the transaction, Windstream shareholders will own approximately 51% and EarthLink shareholders will own approximately 49% of the combined company. The transaction is subject to approval by EarthLink and Windstream shareholders, receipt of regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions, and is expected to close in the first half of 2017.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The words “estimate,” “plan,” “intend,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are found at various places throughout this report. EarthLink disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Although we believe that our expectations are based on reasonable assumptions, we can give no assurance that our goals will be achieved. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ from estimates or projections contained in the forward-looking statements are described under “Cautionary Note Concerning Factors That May Affect Future Results” in this Item 2.

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management. The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto and with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Overview

EarthLink Holdings Corp. (“EarthLink” or the “Company”), together with our consolidated subsidiaries, is a leading managed network, security and cloud services provider to business and residential customers in the United States. We provide a broad range of data, voice and managed network services to retail and wholesale business customers. We also provide nationwide Internet access and related value-added services to residential customers. We operate an extensive network including more than 29,000 route miles of fiber and 90 metro fiber rings. Through our owned and leased facilities, we provide data and voice IP service coverage across more than 90 percent of the United States. We operate four reportable segments aligned around distinct customer categories: Enterprise/Mid-Market, Small Business, Carrier/Transport and Consumer.

General Developments in our Business

Key developments in our business during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 are described below:

•

Generated revenues of $729.7 million, a 13% decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015, primarily driven by declines in traditional voice and data products for business and consumer services and the sale of our IT services business, as further discussed below. These declines were partially offset by increased sales of our growth products, targeted price increases and successful efforts to re-term customers coming out of contract.


•	Reduced cost of revenues 11% during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year period, primarily related to the decline in revenues noted above as well as successful efforts to manage cost of revenues through network grooming, auditing telecommunications vendor invoices and other cost saving initiatives.

•

Generated net income of $12.2 million, compared to a net loss of $30.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, primarily due to a decrease in depreciation and amortization expense, a decrease in interest expense due to lower outstanding debt, a decrease in loss on extinguishment of debt due to fewer debt repurchases and a $9.1 million pretax gain recognized on our sale of businesses. Partially offsetting these declines was a decrease in Adjusted EBITDA as described below.

•

Generated Adjusted EBITDA (a non-GAAP measure, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this Item 2) of $168.8 million, a decrease from $188.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, primarily due to the decrease in revenues from traditional voice and data products, offset by improvements in our cost of revenues and operating expenses. The decrease in cost of revenues and operating expenses was driven by cost savings initiatives, including reductions in workforce implemented over the past year.


•	Made capital expenditures of $55.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.


•	Repurchased $97.4 million of outstanding principal amount of debt and repaid $35.0 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

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•	Made $16.7 million of dividend payments to shareholders during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Windstream Merger Transaction

On November 5, 2016, we entered into a definitive merger agreement with Windstream Holdings, Inc. (“Windstream”) under which EarthLink and Windstream will merge in an all-stock transaction valued at approximately $1.1 billion. Under the terms of the merger agreement, EarthLink’s shareholders will receive 0.818 shares of Windstream common stock for each EarthLink share owned. Upon closing of the transaction, Windstream shareholders will own approximately 51% and EarthLink shareholders will own approximately 49% of the combined company. The transaction is subject to approval by EarthLink and Windstream shareholders, receipt of regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions, and is expected to close in the first half of 2017.

Sale of IT Services Business

In February 2016, we sold certain assets related to our IT services product offerings in connection with our strategy to simplify our operations and provide more flexibility to invest in new capabilities and services to drive growth in our core business. The purchase price in the transaction was $29.6 million, subject to post-closing contingencies that could increase or decrease the purchase price by up to $5.0 million. We received $26.6 million of cash. The other $3.0 million of consideration was deposited into an escrow account to fund potential indemnification obligations. We recognized a pretax gain of $6.3 million and recorded a $2.0 million deferred gain for contingent consideration. The loss of revenues related to our IT services product offerings has contributed and will continue to contribute to our anticipated revenue declines in 2016.

Acquisition of Boston Retail Partners

In July 2016, we acquired Boston Retail Partners, LLC (“BRP”), a privately-held management consulting firm focused on the retail industry, for initial consideration of approximately $11.2 million, plus possible earn-out payments which could increase the purchase price by up to $5.6 million. The primary purpose of the transaction was to provide additional professional services capabilities in connection with our strategy to to be a leading managed network, security and cloud services provider for multi-location retail and service businesses. We believe the acquisition will provide a growth opportunity for us by enabling us to enhance our support of retailers in creating and implementing customized strategies using our professional services.

Credit Facility Refinancing and Partial Debt Redemption

In June 2016, we amended and restated our existing revolving credit facility, which reduced the capacity from $135.0 million to $125.0 million, provided for an up to $50.0 million delayed draw senior secured term loan and extended the term through June 2021 (except that if our 7.375% Senior Secured Notes due 2020 have not been repaid in full by February 2020, the term will be February 2020). In August 2016, we redeemed $90.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 8.875% Senior Notes due 2019 at a redemption price equal to 102.219% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest. We used approximately $34.0 million of existing cash, $50.0 million under our term loan and $10.0 million of our revolving credit facility to fund the redemption, call premium and accrued interest.

Business Strategy

Our business strategy is to be a leading managed network, security and cloud services provider for multi-location retail and service businesses. We believe there is a significant market opportunity for managed network, security and cloud services due to the changing technological and business landscape, which is experiencing increased demand for data, evolving security threats, a shift towards more software based solutions, increased use of outsourcing and tightening budgets. We are positioning our company to focus on this opportunity. The key elements of our business strategy and transformation are as follows:

•

Operate each of our business units with focused, value-optimizing strategies. Our organization is aligned around four distinct business units, which are Enterprise/Mid-Market, Small Business, Carrier/Transport and Consumer. We believe this concentrates our resources and investments into areas that will drive growth and deliver improved performance, enable each business to compete more successfully in the market and provide strategic optionality. We are focused on operating each business unit with value-optimizing strategies, which are managing the decline in our Small Business and Consumer business units and investing the cash flow to grow our Enterprise/Mid-Market and Carrier/Transport business units.

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•

Optimize our cost structure and cash flows. We are focused on optimizing our cost structure and maximizing our cash flows. This includes managing our cost of revenues and operating expenses, streamlining our internal processes and aligning our workforce to current revenue trends. It also includes the repayment and/or refinancing of debt in order to reduce our interest expense. We plan to use the cash flow generated from our improvement efforts to continue to optimize our balance sheet and invest in growth.

•

Invest in growth business products, marketing and sales. Our growth business products include MultiProtocol Label Switching ("MPLS"), hosted voice and other UCaaS products, software-defined wide area network ("SD-WAN"), Hybrid WAN and managed network, security and cloud services for multi-location businesses and transport services for other communications carriers and enterprises. We are focused on investing in product and service capabilities and sales and marketing initiatives to support our growth products.

•

Evaluate potential strategic transactions. We continue to evaluate potential strategic transactions in order to accelerate our transformation. We believe that targeted acquisitions, when available at the right economics, can be an effective means for growth and targeted capability building. In addition, we continue to evaluate our business, which could lead us to discontinue or divest non-strategic products, assets or customers based on management's assessment of their strategic value to our business.

Challenges and Risks

The primary challenges we face in executing on our business strategy are growing revenues from our growth products and services; reducing churn in our existing customer base; responding to competition; aligning costs with trends in our revenues; and ensuring adequate resources to invest in growth. To address these challenges we are taking the following actions:


•	Targeting larger multi-location retail and service businesses which have lower churn profiles, as well as a need for our product and services


•	Investing in new products and service capabilities to create value for our customers, in particular our cloud-based offerings and SD-WAN


•	Focusing on customer contract re-term efforts, retention offers, targeted price increases and opportunities to upsell products and services


•	Improving the customer experience to increase customer satisfaction and further enhance customer retention


•	Continuing to refine and narrow our product portfolio


•	Implementing cost efficiencies, such as network grooming, workforce alignment and facility closings, and seeking to make costs more variable


•	Repaying and/or refinancing outstanding indebtedness in order to reduce interest expense


•	Considering further divestitures of non-strategic products, assets or customers in order to continue to simplify our operations and generate cash to reduce debt or to use for other strategic needs


•	Evaluating potential strategic transactions to add products and services

Trends in our Business

Our financial results are impacted by several significant trends, which are described below.

•

Industry factors. The communications industry is characterized by intense competition, changing technology and changes in customer needs, an evolving regulatory environment and industry consolidation resulting in larger competitors and fewer suppliers. We expect these trends to continue. More recently, trends in the industry have included increased demand for data, evolving security threats, the adoption of cloud computing and the increased use of outsourcing. We are trying to capitalize on these changes by focusing on our managed network, security and cloud services and transport services.

•

Traditional business voice and data products. Our traditional business voice and data revenues have been declining due to competition, migration to more advanced integrated voice and data services and mandated rate reductions. We expect this trend to continue. We have also experienced an increase in churn for these products. However, we are focused on decelerating these declines through customer retention efforts, contract renewals, upselling products and services and offering new services.

•

Consumer access declines. Our consumer access subscriber base and revenues have been declining and are expected to continue to decline due to the continued maturation of the market for Internet access, competition from cable, DSL and wireless providers and limited sales and marketing activities. In addition, we have implemented, and expect to continue to implement, targeted price increases, which could negatively impact our churn rates. In July 2016, we sold approximately

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12,000 customer relationships to one of our network providers, which will also cause our consumer access subscriber base and revenues to decrease. However, we are focused on customer retention and, as a result, we expect the rate of churn to continue to generally decline as our customer base becomes longer tenured. We also recently launched Hyperlink high-speed Internet service that offers service at faster speeds than traditional DSL.

•

Operating costs and expenses. We have experienced declines in cost of revenues and operating expense due to various cost saving initiatives, lower sales of traditional voice and data products and customer churn. We are focused on continuing to optimize our cost structure to offset pressures on revenue. However, we may not be able to continue to achieve the level of cost savings we have been experiencing and there will be decreasing opportunities for cost savings in the future.

•

Dispute settlements. Due to the nature of our industry, we are regularly involved in disputes related to our billings to other carriers for access to our network and network access charges that we are assessed by other companies. The disputes often take significant time to resolve, and they may be resolved or require adjustment in future periods although they relate to costs and revenues in prior periods. We have experienced an increase in dispute settlements impacting revenues and cost of revenues over the past few years. However, this trend may not continue at the rate it has historically.

Consolidated Results of Operations

The following table sets forth statement of operations data for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2015			2016			2015			2016
	(in thousands)
Revenues	$	270,904		$	235,125		$	837,015		$	729,744
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)	122,391			109,540			378,901			335,680
Selling, general and administrative (exclusive of of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)	90,775			79,056			280,382			237,393
Depreciation and amortization	46,502			32,569			141,489			106,339
Restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs	5,486			2,844			14,836			9,136
Total operating costs and expenses	265,154			224,009			815,608			688,548
Income from operations	5,750			11,116			21,407			41,196
Gain on sale of businesses	—			3,401			—			9,128
Interest expense and other, net	(11,731		)	(9,877		)	(39,780		)	(31,810		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(2,482		)	(4,365		)	(9,734		)	(4,823		)
Income (loss) before income taxes	(8,463		)	275			(28,107		)	13,691
Income tax provision	(2,060		)	(45		)	(2,821		)	(1,479		)
Net income (loss)	$	(10,523	)	$	230		$	(30,928	)	$	12,212

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Revenues

We generate revenues by providing a broad range of data, voice and managed network services to business and residential customers.

Our revenues primarily consist of the following:


•	Monthly recurring charges for providing data, voice and managed network services; transmission capacity; and Internet access and related value-added services;


•	Usage revenues;


•	Equipment revenues; and


•	Non-recurring and other revenues, such as installation fees, termination fees and administrative fees.

The following table presents revenue detail for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended									Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change					September 30,				Change
	2015		2016		Dollar			Percent		2015		2016		Dollar			Percent
	(dollars in thousands)
Monthly recurring revenues	$	240,360	$	205,285	$	(35,075	)	(15	)%	$	739,480	$	641,380	$	(98,100	)	(13	)%
Usage revenues	24,284		19,791		(4,493		)	(19	)%	77,082		63,520		(13,562		)	(18	)%
Equipment revenues	3,617		3,906		289			8	%	11,276		11,960		684			6	%
Non-recurring and other revenues	2,643		6,143		3,500			132	%	9,177		12,884		3,707			40	%
Total revenues	$	270,904	$	235,125	$	(35,779	)	(13	)%	$	837,015	$	729,744	$	(107,271	)	(13	)%

The following table presents the primary reasons for the change in revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods:



	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	2016 vs 2015			2016 vs 2015
	(in millions)
Due to decrease in Small Business revenues (a)	$	(15.5	)	$	(47.6	)
Due to decrease in IT services revenues (b)	(11.4		)	(31.5		)
Due to decrease in Consumer revenues (c)	(5.9		)	(16.4		)
Due to decrease in Enterprise/Mid-Market revenues (d)	(6.7		)	(19.7		)
Due to increase in BRP revenues (e)	2.3			2.3
Due to increase in Carrier/Transport (f)	1.4			5.6
Total change in revenues	$	(35.8	)	$	(107.3	)

______________

(a)

Decrease primarily due to decline in traditional voice and data products, including traditional voice, lower-end, single site broadband services and web hosting. Revenues for these voice and data products have been decreasing due to an increase in customer churn, competition and a deemphasis on certain traditional products. Partially offsetting the decline in revenues for our traditional voice and data products were efforts to protect our revenue base, such as targeted price increases implemented during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and re-terms of customers coming out of contract.


(b)	Decrease in IT services revenues primarily due to the sale of certain assets related to our IT services product offerings on February 1, 2016. Also contributing to the decrease prior to the sale in February 2016 was the discontinuance of certain products that were low margin revenue streams or that were not consistent with our more focused business strategy.


(c)	Decrease primarily due to the continued maturation of the market for Internet access, competitive pressures in the industry and limited sales and marketing activities. Also contributing to the decrease was the sale of approximately 12,000 customer relationships to one of our network providers in July 2016.

(d)

Decrease primarily due to decline in traditional voice and data products due to an increase in customer churn, competition and a deemphasis on certain traditional products. Over the past year we deemphasized and discontinued certain products that were low margin revenue streams or that were not consistent with our more focused business strategy. Partially offsetting the decline in revenues for our traditional voice and data products were price increases implemented during

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the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and an increase in sales of growth products, including MPLS, hosted voice, managed network services and transport revenues due to an increased emphasis on selling these products and services.


(e)	Increase due to the inclusion of revenues from our acquisition of BRP beginning in July 2016. The revenues are included within non-recurring and other revenues in our Enterprise/Mid-Market segment.


(f)	Increase primarily due to an increase in transport revenues as we capitalize on unique fiber routes. Also contributing to the increase was a change in settlements and disputes related to billings to other carriers, as we recognized net unfavorable settlements during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and favorable settlements during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues primarily consists of the cost of connecting customers to our networks via leased facilities; the costs of leasing components of our network facilities; costs paid to third-party providers for interconnect access and transport services; fees paid to suppliers of our value-added services; fees paid to content providers for information provided on our online properties; and the cost of equipment sold to customers.

The following table presents cost of revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change				September 30,				Change
	2015		2016		Dollar			Percent	2015		2016		Dollar			Percent
	(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenues	$	122,391	$	109,540	$	(12,851	)	(10)%	$	378,901	$	335,680	$	(43,221	)	(11	)%

The following table presents the primary reasons for the change in cost of revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods:



	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	2016 vs 2015			2016 vs 2015
	(in millions)
Due to decrease in interconnection expenses (a)	$	(8.7	)	$	(23.9	)
Due to decrease in network expenses (b)	(2.1		)	(6.6		)
Due to decrease in usage (c)	(0.2		)	(4.4		)
Due to sale of IT services business (d)	(5.1		)	(14.8		)
Due to increase in BRP cost of revenues (e)	1.3			1.3
Due to change in non-recurring charges and other expenses (f)	1.9			5.2
Total change in cost of revenues	$	(12.9	)	$	(43.2	)

______________


(a)	Decrease due to decline in revenues and a concentrated effort to manage cost of revenues through auditing telecommunications vendor invoices and other cost saving initiatives and declines in traditional voice and data products. Partially offsetting these declines were increased sales of growth products.


(b)	Decrease due to a concentrated effort to manage cost of revenues through network grooming and other cost saving initiatives and declines in traditional voice and data products. Partially offsetting these declines were increased sales of growth products.


(c)	Decrease due to declines in traditional voice and data products and a decreased emphasis on selling certain lower margin products and services.


(d)	Decrease in IT services cost of revenues primarily due to the sale of certain assets related to our IT services product offerings on February 1, 2016. Also contributing to the decrease prior to the sale in February 2016 was the discontinuance of certain products that had low margins or that were not consistent with our more focused business strategy.


(e)	Increase due to the inclusion of cost of revenues from our acquisition of BRP beginning in July 2016.


(f)	Increase primarily due to fewer favorable adjustments and settlements during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015.

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Selling, general and administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of expenses related to sales and marketing, customer service, network operations, information technology, regulatory, billing and collections, corporate administration, and legal and accounting. Such costs include salaries and related employee costs (including stock-based compensation), outsourced labor, professional fees, property taxes, travel, insurance, occupancy costs, advertising and other administrative expenses.

The following table presents selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change				September 30,				Change
	2015		2016		Dollar			Percent	2015		2016		Dollar			Percent
	(dollars in thousands)
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	90,775	$	79,056	$	(11,719	)	(13)%	$	280,382	$	237,393	$	(42,989	)	(15)%

The following table presents the primary reasons for the change in selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods:



	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	2016 vs 2015			2016 vs 2015
	(in millions)
Due to decrease in people costs (a)	$	(9.8	)	$	(34.5	)
Due to decrease in rent and occupancy costs (b)	(0.7		)	(2.9		)
Due to decrease in outside sales commissions (c)	(0.1		)	(1.7		)
Due to decrease in bad debt expense (d)	(0.1		)	(1.3		)
Due to decrease in other selling, general and administrative costs (e)	(1.8		)	(3.4		)
Due to increase in BRP selling, general and administrative (f)	0.8			0.8
Total change in selling, general and administrative expenses	$	(11.7	)	$	(43.0	)

______________


(a)	Decrease in people costs as employee headcount decreased from 2,144 full-time equivalents as of September 30, 2015 to 1,902 full-time equivalents as of September 30, 2016. The decrease was primarily due to reductions in workforce over the past year driven by changes in our business strategy and the transfer of employees in connection with the sale of IT services business on February 1, 2016.


(b)	Decrease in rent and occupancy costs primarily due to cost savings from the closing of several sales offices and other properties over the past year in connection with changes to our business strategy.


(c)	Decrease in outside sales commissions primarily due to lower sales volume.


(d)	Decrease in bad debt expense due to more effective collection efforts and the overall decrease in revenues.


(e)	Decrease in other selling, general and administrative costs such as commissions, outsourced labor, payment processing, travel and insurance due to increased focus on optimizing our cost structure.


(f)	Increase due to the inclusion of selling, general and administrative expenses from our acquisition of BRP beginning in July 2016.

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Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization includes depreciation of property and equipment and amortization of definite-lived intangible assets acquired in purchases of businesses and purchases of customer bases from other companies.

The following table presents depreciation and amortization expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change				September 30,				Change
	2015		2016		Dollars			Percent	2015		2016		Dollars			Percent
	(dollars in thousands)
Depreciation expense	$	29,905	$	28,545	$	(1,360	)	(5)%	$	91,616	$	84,470	$	(7,146	)	(8)%
Amortization expense	16,597		4,024		(12,573		)	(76)%	49,873		21,869		(28,004		)	(56)%
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	46,502	$	32,569	$	(13,933	)	(30)%	$	141,489	$	106,339	$	(35,150	)	(25)%

The decreases in depreciation expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods were primarily due to a decrease in capital expenditures, the sale of property and equipment related to our IT services business on February 1, 2016 and assets becoming fully amortized over the year. The decreases in amortization expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods were primarily due to definite-lived intangible assets becoming fully amortized over the year and the sale of customer relationships and developed technology related to our IT services business on February 1, 2016, partially offset by amortization expense resulting from the definite-lived intangible assets obtained in our acquisition of BRP on July 13, 2016.

Restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs

Restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs consist of costs related to our restructuring, acquisition and integration-related activities. Such costs include the following:

•

Integration-related costs, such as system conversion and integration-related consulting and employee costs. We are also undertaking a long-term network optimization project designed to consolidate traffic onto network facilities operated by us and reduce the usage of other carriers’ networks. Integration-related costs associated with this initiative include costs to migrate traffic to lower cost circuits and to terminate existing contracts prior to their expiration;


•	Severance, retention and other employee termination costs associated with acquisition and integration activities and with certain voluntary employee separations; and


•	Facility-related costs, such as lease termination and asset impairments; and


•	Transaction-related costs, which are direct costs incurred to effect a business combination, such as advisory, legal, accounting, valuation and other professional fees.

The following table presents restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended									Nine Months Ended
	September 30,					Change				September 30,				Change
	2015		2016			Dollars			Percent	2015		2016		Dollars			Percent
	(dollars in thousands)
Integration-related costs	$	1,526	$	2,736		$	1,210		79%	$	4,501	$	6,412	$	1,911		42	%
Severance, retention and other employee costs	2,986		547			(2,439		)	(82)%	6,935		2,105		(4,830		)	(70	)%
Facility-related costs	974		(630		)	(1,604		)	(165)%	3,400		428		(2,972		)	(87	)%
Transaction-related costs	—		191			191			100%	—		191		191			100	%
Restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs	$	5,486	$	2,844		$	(2,642	)	(48)%	$	14,836	$	9,136	$	(5,700	)	(38	)%

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The decreases in restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods were primarily due to decreases in severance, retention and other employee costs due to fewer reductions in workforce in the current year periods as compared to the prior year periods and a decrease in facility-related costs due to fewer sales office and other facility closures. This was partially offset by an increase in integration-related costs related to our network optimization projects.

Gain on sale of businesses

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a pretax gain of $6.3 million on the sale of certain assets related to our IT services product offerings. The primary purpose of the sale was to simplify operations and provide more flexibility to invest in new capabilities and services to drive growth in our core business. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we also recorded a pretax gain of $2.8 million on the sale of approximately 12,000 consumer customer relationships to one of our network providers. For more information about these transactions, refer to Note 4 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest expense and other, net

Interest expense and other, net, is primarily comprised of interest expense incurred on our debt and capital leases, amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discounts and other miscellaneous income and expense items.

The following table presents interest expense and other, net, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change				September 30,				Change
	2015		2016		Dollar			Percent	2015		2016		Dollar			Percent
	(dollars in thousands)
Interest expense and other, net	$	11,731	$	9,877	$	(1,854	)	(16)%	$	39,780	$	31,810	$	(7,970	)	(20)%

The decreases in interest expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods were primarily due to lower outstanding debt resulting from redemptions and repurchases over the past year. As of September 30, 2015 and 2016, we had $513.9 million and $435.9 million, respectively, of gross amount of debt outstanding (excluding capital leases). For more information about our debt transactions, refer to Note 7 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 and Note 8 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Loss on extinguishment of debt

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016, we redeemed and repurchased $126.1 million and $97.4 million, respectively, outstanding principal of our 8.875% Senior Notes due 2019 and recorded $9.7 million and $4.8 million, respectively, for losses on extinguishment of debt. The losses consisted of premiums paid on our repurchases and redemptions, the write-off of unamortized discount on debt and the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs. For more information about our debt transactions, refer to Note 7 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 and Note 8 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Income tax provision

The income tax provision of $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 represents an effective rate of 10.8%. The difference between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily relates to changes in the valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets. The income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 includes federal Alternative Minimum Tax expense, tax expense for foreign and state taxes, amortization of intangibles with indefinite useful lives, and a discrete expense of $0.1 million primarily for accrued interest on uncertain tax positions and state taxes. The income tax provision of $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 represents an effective rate of (10.0)%. The difference between the effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate primarily relates to changes in the valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets. The tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 includes tax expense for foreign and state taxes, amortization of intangibles with indefinite useful lives and a discrete expense primarily for the recording of an uncertain tax position of $1.9 million, including applicable interest, related to certain tax positions that we had taken during prior years.

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As of September 30, 2016, we had deferred tax assets of approximately $338.6 million, of which $259.3 million relates to federal and state net operating loss carryforwards. EarthLink maintains a valuation allowance of $343.1 million against our net deferred tax assets, exclusive of our deferred tax liabilities with indefinite useful lives. We continually review the adequacy of the valuation allowance and recognize the benefits of deferred tax assets only as the reassessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. As of September 30, 2016, we do not believe it is more likely than not that the remaining net deferred tax assets will be realized. Should our assessment change in a future period we may release all or a portion of the valuation allowance at such time, which would result in a deferred tax benefit in the period of adjustment.

To the extent we report income in future periods, we intend to use our net operating loss carryforwards to the extent available to offset taxable income and reduce cash outflows for income taxes. Our ability to use our federal and state net operating loss carryforwards and federal and state tax credit carryforwards may be subject to restrictions attributable to equity transactions in the future resulting from changes in ownership as defined under the Internal Revenue Code.

Segment Results of Operations

We report segment information along the same lines that our Chief Operating Decision Maker reviews our operating results in assessing performance and allocating resources. Our Chief Operating Decision Maker is our Chief Executive Officer. Our reportable segments are strategic business units that are aligned around distinct customer categories to optimize operations. We believe this structure allows for better management accountability and decision making while providing greater visibility to our Chief Operating Decision Maker. We operate the following four reportable segments:


•	Enterprise/Mid-Market. Our Enterprise/Mid-Market segment provides a broad range of data, voice and managed network services to distributed multi-site business customers.


•	Small Business. Our Small Business segment provides a broad range of data, voice and managed network services to small, often single-site business customers.


•	Carrier/Transport. Our Carrier/Transport segment provides transmission capacity and other data, voice and managed network services to telecommunications carriers and large enterprises.


•	Consumer. Our Consumer segment provides nationwide Internet access and related value-added services to residential customers.

We evaluate performance of our segments based on segment gross margin. Segment gross margin includes revenues from external customers and related cost of revenues. Costs excluded from segment gross margin include selling, general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs, gain on sale of business, interest expense and other, net, and loss on extinguishment of debt, as they are not considered in the measurement of segment performance. Management periodically evaluates the segmentation of customers within the distinct customer categories, which may result in changes to segment information in the future.

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The following table presents segment results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2015		2016		2015		2016
	(in thousands)
Enterprise/Mid-Market
Revenues	$	110,051	$	97,972	$	338,809	$	300,247
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization)	54,574		51,314		167,062		153,384
Gross margin	55,477		46,658		171,747		146,863
Small Business
Revenues	72,876		53,722		$	230,577	$	173,124
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization)	34,059		25,953		106,577		82,892
Gross margin	38,817		27,769		124,000		90,232
Carrier/Transport
Revenues	34,190		35,575		$	101,606	$	106,768
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization)	14,839		16,393		46,124		47,146
Gross margin	19,351		19,182		55,482		59,622
Consumer
Revenues	53,787		47,856		$	166,023	$	149,605
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization)	18,919		15,880		59,138		52,258
Gross margin	34,868		31,976		106,885		97,347
Total Segments
Revenues	270,904		235,125		837,015		729,744
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization)	122,391		109,540		378,901		335,680
Gross margin	$	148,513	$	125,585	$	458,114	$	394,064

Enterprise/Mid-Market Segment Results

The following table sets forth operating results for our Enterprise/Mid-Market segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change				September 30,				Change
	2015		2016		Dollars			Percent	2015		2016		Dollars			Percent
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	110,051	$	97,972	$	(12,079	)	(11)%	$	338,809	$	300,247	$	(38,562	)	(11)%
Cost of revenues	54,574		51,314		(3,260		)	(6)%	167,062		153,384		(13,678		)	(8)%
Gross margin	$	55,477	$	46,658	$	(8,819	)	(16)%	$	171,747	$	146,863	$	(24,884	)	(14)%

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The decreases in Enterprise/Mid-Market revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods were primarily due to the following:

•

Decrease of $7.7 million and $21.1 million in IT services revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods, respectively, primarily due to the sale of certain assets related to our IT services product offerings on February 1, 2016, as well as the discontinuance of certain products that had low margins or that were not consistent with our more focused business strategy.


•	Decrease in traditional voice and data products. Revenues for traditional voice and data products have been decreasing due to an increase in customer churn, competition and a deemphasis on certain traditional products.


•	Partially offset by targeted price increases implemented during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and increased sales of our growth products, including MPLS, hosted voice and managed network services.


•	Partially offset by an increase of $2.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 for the inclusion of revenues from our acquisition of BRP beginning in July 2016.

The decreases in Enterprise/Mid-Market cost of revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods were primarily due to the decline in revenues noted above as well as successful efforts to manage cost of revenues through network grooming, auditing telecommunications vendor invoices and other cost saving initiatives. This was partially offset by an increase due to the inclusion of cost of revenues from our acquisition of BRP beginning in July 2016.

Small Business Segment Results

The following table sets forth operating results for our Small Business segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change				September 30,				Change
	2015		2016		Dollars			Percent	2015		2016		Dollars			Percent
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	72,876	$	53,722	$	(19,154	)	(26)%	$	230,577	$	173,124	$	(57,453	)	(25)%
Cost of revenues	34,059		25,953		(8,106		)	(24)%	106,577		82,892		(23,685		)	(22)%
Gross margin	$	38,817	$	27,769	$	(11,048	)	(28)%	$	124,000	$	90,232	$	(33,768	)	(27)%

The decreases in Small Business revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods were primarily due to the following:


•	Decrease in traditional voice and data products. Revenues for traditional voice and data products have been decreasing due to an increase in customer churn, competition and a deemphasis on certain traditional products.

•

Decrease of $3.7 million and $10.3 million in IT services revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods, respectively, primarily due to the sale of certain assets related to our IT services product offerings on February 1, 2016, as well as the discontinuance of certain products that had low margins or that were not consistent with our more focused business strategy.


•	Partially offset by efforts to protect our revenue base, such as targeted price increases and re-terms of customers coming out of contract.

The decreases in Small Business cost of revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods were primarily due to the decline in revenues noted above as well as successful efforts to manage cost of revenues through network grooming, auditing telecommunications vendor invoices and other cost saving initiatives.

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Carrier/Transport Segment Results

The following table sets forth operating results for our Carrier/Transport segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change				September 30,				Change
	2015		2016		Dollars			Percent	2015		2016		Dollars		Percent
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	34,190	$	35,575	$	1,385		4%	$	101,606	$	106,768	$	5,162	5%
Cost of revenues	14,839		16,393		1,554			10%	46,124		47,146		1,022		2%
Gross margin	$	19,351	$	19,182	$	(169	)	(1)%	$	55,482	$	59,622	$	4,140	7%

The increases in Carrier/Transport revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods were primarily due to an increase in transport revenues as we capitalize on unique fiber routes. Also contributing to the increases was a change in settlements and disputes related to billings to other carriers, as we recognized net unfavorable settlements during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and favorable settlements during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Partially offsetting these increases was a decrease in legacy products and services.

The increases in Carrier/Transport cost of revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods were primarily due to an increase in usage volume and the increase in transport revenues.

Consumer Segment Results

Consumer Operating Results

The following table sets forth operating results for our Consumer segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change				September 30,				Change
	2015		2016		Dollars			Percent	2015		2016		Dollars			Percent
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenues
Access services	$	42,392	$	36,914	$	(5,478	)	(13)%	$	132,310	$	116,170	$	(16,140	)	(12)%
Value-added services	11,395		10,942		(453		)	(4)%	33,713		33,435		(278		)	(1)%
Total revenues	53,787		47,856		(5,931		)	(11)%	166,023		149,605		(16,418		)	(10)%
Cost of revenues	18,919		15,880		(3,039		)	(16)%	59,138		52,258		(6,880		)	(12)%
Gross margin	$	34,868	$	31,976	$	(2,892	)	(8)%	$	106,885	$	97,347	$	(9,538	)	(9)%

We classify our Consumer segment revenue in two categories: (1) access services, which includes dial-up and high-speed Internet access services; and (2) value-added services, which includes revenues from ancillary services sold as add-on features to our Internet access services, such as security products, premium email, home networking and email storage; search revenues; and advertising revenues.

The decreases in Consumer revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods were primarily due to the following:

•

Decrease in average consumer subscribers, which were 0.8 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 0.7 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. The decrease resulted from limited sales and marketing activities, the continued maturation of the market for Internet access and competitive pressures in the industry. Also contributing was the sale of approximately 12,000 customer relationships to one of our network providers in July 2016. However, as we continue to focus on the retention of customers, our monthly consumer subscriber churn rates improved from 1.7% and 1.9% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, to 1.6% and 1.7% during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, which moderated the decline in

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average consumer subscribers. We also recently launched Hyperlink high speed Internet service that offers service at faster speeds than traditional DSL, which offset some of the decline.


•	Partially offsetting the decrease was an increase in our average revenue per subscriber, which was $23.48 and $23.42 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and $23.76 and $23.91 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. The increases were due to targeted price increases and a change in mix of subscribers.

The decreases in Consumer cost of revenues during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year periods were primarily due to the following:


•	The decrease in average consumer subscribers noted above.


•	Partially offset by an increase in our average cost per subscriber. This was due to a shift in the mix to customers with higher costs associated with delivering services and higher unit costs as our agreements with certain service providers generally have volume based tiered pricing which is leading to higher unit costs as our subscriber base decreases.

Consumer Operating Metrics

The following table sets forth subscriber and operating data for our Consumer segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2015			2016			2015			2016
Consumer Subscriber Activity
Subscribers at beginning of period	777,000			689,000			821,000			729,000
Gross organic subscriber additions	15,000			14,000			45,000			41,000
Adjustment (a)	—			—			19,000			6,000
Sale of subscribers (b)	—			(12,000)			—			(12,000)
Churn	(40,000)			(31,000)			(133,000)			(104,000)
Subscribers at end of period (c)	752,000			660,000			752,000			660,000

Consumer Metrics
Average narrowband subscribers (d)	466,000			427,000			470,000			434,000
Average broadband subscribers (d)	298,000			244,000			314,000			261,000
Average consumer subscribers (d)	764,000			671,000			784,000			695,000

ARPU (e)	$	23.48		$	23.76		$	23.42		$	23.91
Churn rate (f)	1.7		%	1.6		%	1.9		%	1.7		%

_________

(a) During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we began reporting approximately 19,000 subscribers in our paying subscriber count as a result of price increases implemented during the period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we began reporting approximately 6,000 subscribers in our paying subscriber count as a result of price increases implemented during the period. These subscribers were previously counted as non-paying subscribers because their monthly fee was below a certain threshold.

(b) During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we sold approximately 12,000 customer relationships to one of our network providers.

(c) Subscriber counts do not include new nonpaying customers. Customers receiving service under promotional programs that include periods of free service at inception are not included in subscriber counts until they become paying customers.

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(d) Average subscribers for the three month periods is calculated by averaging the ending monthly subscribers or accounts for the four months preceding and including the end of the period. Average subscribers for the six month periods is calculated by averaging the ending monthly subscribers or accounts for the seven months preceding and including the end of the period.

(e) ARPU represents the average monthly revenue per user (subscriber). ARPU is computed by dividing revenue for the period by the average number of subscribers for the period. Revenue used to calculate ARPU includes recurring service revenue as well as nonrecurring revenues associated with equipment and other one-time charges associated with initiating or discontinuing services.

(f) Churn rate is used to measure the rate at which subscribers discontinue service on a voluntary or involuntary basis. Churn rate is computed by dividing the average monthly number of subscribers that discontinued service during the period by the average subscribers for the period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table sets forth summarized cash flow data for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Change
	2015			2016			Dollars			Percent
	(dollars in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	126,089		$	98,460		$	(27,629	)	(22	)%
Net cash used in investing activities	(60,413		)	(35,496		)	(24,917		)	(41	)%
Net cash used in financing activities	(112,186		)	(95,283		)	(16,903		)	(15	)%
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(46,510	)	$	(32,319	)	$	(14,191	)	(31	)%

Operating activities

The decrease in cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year period was primarily due to lower revenue, offset by decreases in operating expense, interest payments and restructuring payments during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year period.

Investing activities

The decrease in net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year period was primarily due to the following:


•	$26.6 million of cash received from the sale of our IT services business;


•	$3.8 million of cash received from the sale of certain Consumer customer relationships; and


•	a $4.8 million decrease in capital expenditures. Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016 primarily related to enhancing our network and technology infrastructure and the acquisition of new customers.


•	partially offset by $10.4 million net cash used for our acquisition of BRP.

Financing activities

The decrease in net cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the prior year period was primarily due the following:

•

a $26.1 million decrease in repayment of debt primarily on our Senior Notes. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we used $131.3 million to repurchase and redeem our Senior Notes and during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we used $99.4 million to repurchase and redeem our Senior Notes. This was partially offset by a $5.0 million increase in repayments for our revolving credit facility and $0.6 million used for quarterly principal payments on our term loan. For more information about our debt transactions, refer to Note 8 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


•	a $4.4 million decrease in dividends paid primarily due to the timing of the funding of our quarterly dividend payment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016, we declared cash dividends of $0.15 per share; however, we funded four quarterly payments during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to three payments during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

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•	partially offset by a $12.2 million decrease in proceeds from debt, net of issuance costs. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we received gross proceeds of $70.0 million under our credit facility and during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 we received gross proceeds of $60.0 million under our credit facility.


•	partially offset by a $1.4 million decrease in proceeds received for stock option exercises.

Future Uses of cash

Our cash requirements depend on numerous factors, including the costs required to maintain our network infrastructure, the outcome of various telecommunications-related disputes and proceedings, our product and service capabilities, the level of resources used for our sales and marketing activities, the level of restructuring activities, interest payments on outstanding debt, the costs incurred to redeem or repurchase debt and the size and types of acquisitions in which we may engage, among others. The following is a summary of our primary future cash requirements:

•

Debt and interest. We expect to use cash to service our outstanding indebtedness, including $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Senior Secured Notes due in June 2020, $76.6 million aggregate principal amount of our Senior Notes due in May 2019, $49.4 million principal amount of our term loan and borrowings under our $125.0 million revolving credit facility. We may also use cash to repay outstanding indebtedness. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we redeemed and repurchased $97.4 million outstanding principal of our Senior Notes and made $0.6 million of quarterly principal payments on our term loan. We may repurchase or redeem additional debt.

•

Capital expenditures. We expect to incur capital expenditures of approximately $80.0 million to $90.0 million during 2016. The capital expenditures primarily relate to the acquisition of new customers and to maintain and upgrade our network and technology infrastructure. The actual amount of capital expenditures may fluctuate due to a number of factors which are difficult to predict and could change significantly over time. Additionally, technological advances may require us to make capital expenditures to develop or acquire new equipment or technology in order to replace aging or obsolete equipment.


•	Investments in our growth products and services. We expect to invest cash in sales and marketing efforts and other resources required to support our strategy related to our growth products and services, including our recently launched SD-WAN product.

•

Dividends. We have historically used cash for dividends. The decision to declare future dividends is made at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, investment opportunities, restrictions on dividends under the agreements governing our indebtedness and other factors the Board of Directors may deem relevant.

•

Other. We may also use cash to acquire or invest in other companies or to repurchase common stock. We also expect to use cash for current restructuring liabilities. Payments for restructuring liabilities incurred to date will be funded through operating cash flows. We continue to evaluate our business, including evaluating ways to reduce the cost structure of our business, and may use cash for additional restructuring activities.

Future sources of cash

Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalents, as well as the cash flow we generate from our operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016, we generated $126.1 million and $98.5 million in cash from operations, respectively. As of September 30, 2016, we had $59.0 million in cash and cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents are subject to general credit, liquidity, market and interest rate risks, which may be exacerbated by unfavorable economic conditions.

We also have a credit agreement providing for a senior secured revolving credit facility with aggregate revolving commitments of $125.0 million. Our senior secured revolving credit facility terminates in June 2021, and at that time any amounts outstanding thereunder shall be due and payable in full, except that if our Senior Secured Notes have not been repaid in full by February 29, 2020, the maturity date will be February 29, 2020. As of September 30, 2016, $10.0 million was outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility.

Our available cash and cash equivalents, together with our results of operations, are expected to be sufficient to meet our operating expenses, debt service payments, capital requirements and other obligations for at least the next 12 months. However, to increase available liquidity or to fund acquisitions or other strategic activities, we may seek additional financing. We have no commitments for any additional financing and have no lines of credit or similar sources of financing, other than the borrowings available under

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our credit facility. We cannot be sure that we can obtain additional financing on favorable terms, if at all, through the issuance of equity securities or the incurrence of additional debt. Additional equity financing may dilute our stockholders, and debt financing, if available, may restrict our ability to repurchase common stock or debt, declare and pay dividends, raise future capital and make acquisitions. If we are unable to obtain additional needed financing, it may prohibit us from refinancing existing indebtedness and making acquisitions, capital expenditures and/or investments, which could materially and adversely affect our business.

Debt Covenants

The credit agreement for our senior secured credit facility requires us to maintain a consolidated net leverage ratio of not greater than 3.5 to 1.0 (with restrictions on cash netting) and a consolidated interest coverage ratio of not less than 2.5 to 1.0 in order to borrow under the agreement. We were in compliance with all covenants as of September 30, 2016. We expect to be in compliance with the maintenance covenants in our credit agreement for the next 12 months.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2016, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.

Share Repurchase Program

The Board of Directors has authorized a total of $750.0 million to repurchase our common stock under our share repurchase program. As of September 30, 2016, we had utilized approximately $684.3 million pursuant to the authorizations and had $65.7 million available under the current authorization. We may repurchase our common stock from time to time in compliance with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s regulations and other legal requirements, and subject to market conditions and other factors. The share repurchase program does not require us to acquire any specific number of shares and may be terminated by the Board of Directors at any time. In addition, the agreements governing our Senior Secured Notes, Senior Notes and senior secured revolving credit facility contain restrictions on our ability to repurchase common stock.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

For information about recently issued accounting pronouncements, refer to Note 2 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to our financial information presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), management uses certain “non-GAAP financial measures” within the meaning of the SEC Regulation G, to clarify and enhance understanding of past performance and prospects for the future. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s operating performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes or includes amounts that are included in or excluded from the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. The non-GAAP financial performance measures used by management are Adjusted EBITDA and Unlevered Free Cash Flow, as discussed below.

Management believes that these non-GAAP financial performance measures reflect our ongoing business in a manner that allows for meaningful comparisons and analysis of trends in our business, as they exclude the effect of non-operational items, such as restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs, gain on sale of business and loss on extinguishment of debt and non-cash items, such as depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation expense. Management believes that excluding the effects of certain non-operational and non-cash items enables investors to better understand and analyze the current period’s results and provides a better measure of comparability. Management also believes that these non-GAAP financial measures enable investors to evaluate our operating results and future prospects in the same manner as management. These non-GAAP financial measures may also facilitate comparing financial results across accounting periods and to those of peer companies.

There are limitations to using these non-GAAP financial performance measures. Adjusted EBITDA and Unlevered Free Cash Flow are not indicative of cash provided by or used in operating activities and may differ from comparable information provided by other companies. Adjusted EBITDA and Unlevered Free Cash Flow should not be considered in isolation, as an alternative to, or more meaningful than measures of financial performance determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) before interest expense and other, net, income tax provision (benefit), depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets, restructuring, acquisition and

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integration-related costs, gain on sale of business and loss on extinguishment of debt. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate the performance of our business and for strategic planning and forecasting. Adjusted EBITDA is also used in incentive compensation arrangements and is a factor in calculating debt covenants.

Unlevered Free Cash Flow is defined as net income (loss) before interest expense and other, net, income tax provision (benefit), depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets, restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs, gain on sale of business and loss on extinguishment of debt, less cash used for purchases of property and equipment. Management uses Unlevered Free Cash Flow to evaluate the performance of our business and to assess our ability to fund capital expenditures, make strategic acquisitions, service and repay debt and pay dividends.

The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA, as a performance measure, to the most closely related financial measure reported under GAAP for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2015			2016			2015			2016
	(in thousands)
Net income (loss)	$	(10,523	)	$	230		$	(30,928	)	$	12,212
Interest expense and other, net	11,731			9,877			39,780			31,810
Income tax provision	2,060			45			2,821			1,479
Depreciation and amortization	46,502			32,569			141,489			106,339
Stock-based compensation expense	3,635			3,995			10,864			12,156
Restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs	5,486			2,844			14,836			9,136
Gain on sale of businesses	—			(3,401		)	—			(9,128		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	2,482			4,365			9,734			4,823
Adjusted EBITDA	$	61,373		$	50,524		$	188,596		$	168,827

The following table presents a reconciliation of Unlevered Free Cash Flow, as a performance measure, to the most closely related financial measure reported under GAAP for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2015			2016			2015			2016
	(in thousands)
Net income (loss)	$	(10,523	)	$	230		$	(30,928	)	$	12,212
Interest expense and other, net	11,731			9,877			39,780			31,810
Income tax provision	2,060			45			2,821			1,479
Depreciation and amortization	46,502			32,569			141,489			106,339
Stock-based compensation expense	3,635			3,995			10,864			12,156
Restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs	5,486			2,844			14,836			9,136
Gain on sale of businesses	—			(3,401		)	—			(9,128		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	2,482			4,365			9,734			4,823
Purchases of property and equipment	(22,011		)	(20,356		)	(60,413		)	(55,564		)
Unlevered Free Cash Flow	$	39,362		$	30,168		$	128,183		$	113,263

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The following table presents a reconciliation of Unlevered Free Cash Flow, as a liquidity measure, to net cash provided by operating activities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2016:



	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2015			2016			2015			2016
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	73,962		$	47,522		$	126,089		$	98,460
Income tax provision	2,060			45			2,821			1,479
Non-cash income taxes	(151		)	(2		)	(532		)	(524		)
Interest expense and other, net	11,731			9,877			39,780			31,810
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs	(849		)	(713		)	(2,872		)	(2,433		)
Restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs	5,486			2,844			14,836			9,136
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	(30,951		)	(9,001		)	9,045			30,265
Purchases of property and equipment	(22,011		)	(20,356		)	(60,413		)	(55,564		)
Other, net	85			(48		)	(571		)	634
Unlevered Free Cash Flow	$	39,362		$	30,168		$	128,183		$	113,263

Net cash used in investing activities	$	(22,011	)	$	(26,288	)	$	(60,413	)	$	(35,496	)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(51,690	)	$	(39,090	)	$	(112,186	)	$	(95,283	)

Cautionary Note Concerning Factors That May Affect Future Results

The Management’s Discussion and Analysis and other portions of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include “forward-looking” statements (rather than historical facts) that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described. Although we believe that the expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot promise that our expectations will turn out to be correct. Our actual results could be materially different from and worse than our expectations. With respect to such forward-looking statements, we seek the protections afforded by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements include risks and uncertainties relating to: the ability to obtain the requisite Windstream and EarthLink stockholder approvals; the ability to satisfy the conditions to consummation of the transaction, including to obtain governmental and regulatory approvals required for the proposed transaction; the risk that required governmental and regulatory approvals may delay the proposed transaction or result in the imposition of conditions that could cause the parties to abandon the proposed transaction or materially impact the financial benefits of the proposed transaction; timing to consummate the proposed transaction; the risk that the businesses will not be integrated successfully; the risk that the cost savings and any other synergies from the proposed transaction may not be fully realized or may take longer to realize than expected; disruption from the proposed transaction making it more difficult to maintain relationships with customers, employees or suppliers; the diversion of management time on issues related to the proposed transaction; dividend policy changes for the combined company; the future cash requirements of the combined company; general worldwide economic conditions and related uncertainties; and the effect of changes in governmental regulations. These risks and uncertainties, as well as other or new risks and uncertainties that may emerge from time to time impacting the proposed transaction or the combined company, are not intended to represent a complete list of all risks and uncertainties inherent in the proposed transaction or the business of the combined company. There can be no assurance that the proposed transaction will in fact be consummated in the manner described, or at all. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date or this document. Unless legally required, EarthLink undertakes no obligation, and each expressly disclaims any such obligation, to any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

These risks also include, without limitation (1) that we may not be able to execute our strategy to successfully transition to a leading managed network, security and cloud services provider, which could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows; (2) that we may not be able to increase revenues from our growth products and services to offset declining revenues from our traditional products and services, which could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows; (3) that if we are unable to adapt to changes in technology and customer demands, we may not remain competitive, and our revenues and operating results could suffer; (4) that failure to achieve operating efficiencies and otherwise reduce costs would adversely affect our results

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of operations and cash flows; (5) that we may have to undertake further restructuring plans that would require additional charges; (6) that we may be unable to successfully divest non-strategic products, which could adversely affect our results of operations; (7) that acquisitions we complete could result in operating difficulties, dilution, increased liabilities, diversion of management attention and other adverse consequences, which could adversely affect our results of operations; (8) that we face significant competition in our business markets, which could adversely affect our results of operations; (9) that failure to retain existing customers could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows; (10) that decisions by legislative or regulatory authorities, including the Federal Communications Commission, relieving incumbent carriers of certain regulatory requirements, and possible further deregulation in the future, may restrict our ability to provide services and may increase the costs we incur to provide these services; (11) that if we are unable to interconnect with AT&T, Verizon and other incumbent carriers on acceptable terms, our ability to offer competitively priced local telephone services will be adversely affected; (12) that the continued decline in switched access and reciprocal compensation revenue will adversely affect our results of operations; (13) that failure to obtain and maintain necessary permits and rights-of-way could interfere with our network infrastructure and operations; (14) that if our larger carrier customers terminate the service they receive from us, our wholesale revenue and results of operations could be adversely affected; (15) that we obtain a majority of our network equipment and software from a limited number of third-party suppliers; (16) that work stoppages experienced by other communications companies on whom we rely for service could adversely impact our ability to provision and service our customers; (17) that our commercial and alliance arrangements may not be renewed or may not generate expected benefits, which could adversely affect our results of operations; (18) that our consumer business is dependent on the availability of third-party network service providers; (19) that we face significant competition in the Internet access industry that could reduce our profitability; (20) that the continued decline of our consumer access subscribers will adversely affect our results of operations; (21) that lack of regulation governing wholesale Internet service providers could adversely affect our operations; (22) that cyber security breaches could harm our business; (23) that privacy concerns relating to our business could damage our reputation and deter current and potential users from using our services; (24) that interruption or failure of our network, information systems or other technologies could impair our ability to provide our services, which could damage our reputation and harm our operating results; (25) that our business depends on effective business support systems and processes; (26) that if we, or other industry participants, are unable to successfully defend against disputes or legal actions, we could face substantial liabilities or suffer harm to our financial and operational prospects; (27) that we may be accused of infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, which is costly to defend and could limit our ability to use certain technologies in the future; (28) that we may not be able to protect our intellectual property; (29) that we may be unable to hire and retain sufficient qualified personnel, and the loss of any of our key executive officers could adversely affect us; (30) that unfavorable general economic conditions could harm our business; (31) that government regulations could adversely affect our business or force us to change our business practices; (32) that our business may suffer if third parties are unable to provide services or terminate their relationships with us; (33) that we may be required to recognize impairment charges on our goodwill and other intangible assets, which would adversely affect our results of operations and financial position; (34) that we may have exposure to greater than anticipated tax liabilities and we may be limited in the use of our net operating losses and certain other tax attributes in the future; (35) that our indebtedness could adversely affect our financial health and limit our ability to react to changes in our business and industry; (36) that we may require substantial capital to support business growth, and this capital may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all; (37) that our debt agreements include restrictive covenants, and failure to comply with these covenants could trigger acceleration of payment of outstanding indebtedness; (38) that we may reduce, or cease payment of, quarterly cash dividends; (39) that our stock price may be volatile; (40) that provisions of our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and other elements of our capital structure could limit our share price and delay a change of control of the company; and (41) that our bylaws designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ flexibility in obtaining a judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees. These risks and uncertainties, as well as other risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ significantly from management’s expectations, are not intended to represent a complete list of all risks and uncertainties inherent in our business, and should be read in conjunction with the more detailed cautionary statements and risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

There were no material changes in market risk from the information provided in Part II, Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), we carried out an evaluation, with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

The Company is party to various legal and regulatory proceedings and other disputes arising from normal business activities. The Company’s management believes that there are no disputes, litigation or other legal or regulatory proceedings asserted or pending against the Company that could have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows, and believes that adequate provision for any probable and estimable losses has been made in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. However, the result of any current or future disputes, litigation or other legal or regulatory proceedings is inherently unpredictable and could result in liabilities that are higher than currently predicted.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There were no material updates to the risk factors discussed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 other than as set forth in Part II, Item 1A of the Company's Quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

(a) Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed as part of this report:



31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document*

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*




*	Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T that this interactive data file is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for the purposes of section 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities and Exchanges Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		EARTHLINK HOLDINGS CORP.


Date:	November 7, 2016	/s/ JOSEPH F. EAZOR
		Joseph F. Eazor, Chief Executive Officer and President (principal executive officer)


Date:	November 7, 2016	/s/ LOUIS M. ALTERMAN
		Louis M. Alterman, Chief Financial Officer
		(principal financial officer)


Date:	November 7, 2016	/s/ R. MICHAEL THURSTON
		R. Michael Thurston, Vice President and Controller
		(principal accounting officer)

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