BrightSphere Investment Group plc - FORM 10-Q - May 10, 2016

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EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - BrightSphere Investment Group plcomam-2016331xexx321.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - BrightSphere Investment Group plcomam-2016331xexx312.htm
EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - BrightSphere Investment Group plcomam-2016331xexx311.htm
EX-32.2 - EXHIBIT 32.2 - BrightSphere Investment Group plcomam-2016331xexx322.htm

 
 
 
 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
 
FORM 10-Q 
(Mark One)
 
ý      QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016
 
OR
 
o         TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from          to
 
Commission File Number: 001-36683 
 
 
 
 
OM Asset Management plc
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
England and Wales
98-1179929
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
Ground Floor, Millennium Bridge House
2 Lambeth Hill
London, United Kingdom
EC4V 4GG
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
 +44-20-7002-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer x
Accelerated filer o
 
 
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý
 
The number of shares of the registrant’s ordinary stock, nominal value $0.001 per share, outstanding as of May 6, 2016 was 120,203,522.
 
 
 
 
 


TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
Part I
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
Part II
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 6.



2

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.
 
OM Asset Management plc
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in millions, unaudited)
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Assets
 

 
 

Cash and cash equivalents
$
70.4

 
$
135.9

Investment advisory fees receivable
137.0

 
151.8

Property and equipment, net
31.1

 
30.7

Investments (includes balances reported at fair value of $102.3 and $97.0)
211.5

 
202.6

Acquired intangibles, net
1.4

 
1.5

Goodwill
126.5

 
126.5

Other assets
17.8

 
23.0

Other amounts due from related parties
0.2

 
—

Note receivable due from related party
0.8

 
0.5

Deferred tax assets
343.1

 
341.6

Total assets
$
939.8

 
$
1,014.1

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
 

 
 

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
$
49.6

 
$
45.7

Accrued incentive compensation
50.4

 
134.0

Other amounts due to related parties
214.5

 
222.9

Long-term compensation liabilities
264.3

 
260.8

Accrued income taxes
93.8

 
87.7

Third party borrowings
85.0

 
90.0

Other liabilities
6.0

 
7.1

Total liabilities
763.6

 
848.2

Commitments and contingencies


 


Equity:
 

 
 

Ordinary shares (nominal value $0.001; 120,854,122 and 120,558,278 shares, respectively, issued)
0.1

 
0.1

Shareholders’ equity
189.7

 
168.6

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(13.6
)
 
(2.8
)
Total equity
176.2

 
165.9

Total liabilities and equity
$
939.8

 
$
1,014.1




See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

3

OM Asset Management plc
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in millions except for per share data, unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Revenue:
 

 
 

Management fees
$
149.6

 
$
156.9

Performance fees
—

 
3.6

Other revenue
—

 
0.1

Total revenue
149.6

 
160.6

Operating expenses:
 

 
 

Compensation and benefits
84.6

 
94.8

General and administrative expense
21.8

 
19.8

Depreciation and amortization
2.2

 
1.6

Total operating expenses
108.6

 
116.2

Operating income
41.0

 
44.4

Non-operating income and (expense):
 

 
 

Investment income
3.5

 
2.7

Interest expense
(0.5
)
 
(0.9
)
Total non-operating income
3.0

 
1.8

Income from continuing operations before taxes
44.0

 
46.2

Income tax expense
13.4

 
12.2

Income from continuing operations
30.6

 
34.0

Gain on disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax
0.2

 
0.2

Net income
$
30.8

 
$
34.2

 
 
 
 
Earnings per share (basic)
$
0.26

 
$
0.28

Earnings per share (diluted)
0.26

 
0.28

Continuing operations earnings per share (basic)
0.26

 
0.28

Continuing operations earnings per share (diluted)
0.26

 
0.28

Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding
120.0

 
120.0

Weighted average diluted ordinary shares outstanding
120.0

 
120.4


See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

4

OM Asset Management plc
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(in millions, unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Net income
$
30.8

 
$
34.2

Valuation of derivative securities, net of tax
(11.0
)
 
—

Foreign currency translation adjustment
0.2

 
(0.3
)
Total other comprehensive income
$
20.0

 
$
33.9






See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

5

OM Asset Management plc
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015
($ in millions except share data, unaudited)
 
 
Ordinary 
shares
(millions)
 
Ordinary
shares, 
nominal
value
 
Shareholders’
equity (deficit)
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)
 
Total
shareholders’
equity
(deficit)
 
Non-controlling
interests in
consolidated
Funds
 
Total 
equity
 
Redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated 
Funds
 
Total equity and
redeemable
non-controlling
interests in
consolidated
Funds
December 31, 2014
120.0

 
$
0.1

 
$
31.1

 
$
5.3

 
36.5

 
$
2,459.0

 
$
2,495.5

 
$
61.9

 
$
2,557.4

Issuance of ordinary shares
0.5

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Capital contributions redemptions
—

 
—

 
(0.3
)
 
—

 
(0.3
)
 
—

 
(0.3
)
 
—

 
(0.3
)
Equity-based compensation
—

 
—

 
2.7

 
—

 
2.7

 
—

 
2.7

 
—

 
2.7

Foreign currency translation adjustment
—

 
—

 
—

 
(0.3
)
 
(0.3
)
 
—

 
(0.3
)
 
—

 
(0.3
)
Net de-consolidation of Funds
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2,459.0
)
 
(2,459.0
)
 
(61.9
)
 
(2,520.9
)
Dividends to shareholders
—

 
—

 
(2.1
)
 
—

 
(2.1
)
 
—

 
(2.1
)
 
—

 
(2.1
)
Dividends to related parties
—

 
—

 
(7.6
)
 
—

 
(7.6
)
 
—

 
(7.6
)
 
—

 
(7.6
)
Net income
—

 
—

 
34.2

 
—

 
34.2

 
—

 
34.2

 
—

 
34.2

March 31, 2015
120.5

 
$
0.1

 
$
58.0

 
$
5.0

 
$
63.1

 
$
—

 
$
63.1

 
$
—

 
$
63.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2015
120.5

 
$
0.1

 
$
168.6

 
$
(2.8
)
 
$
165.9

 
$
—

 
$
165.9

 
$
—

 
$
165.9

Issuance of ordinary shares
0.5

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Repurchase of ordinary shares
(0.2
)
 
—

 
(2.8
)
 
—

 
(2.8
)
 
—

 
(2.8
)
 
—

 
(2.8
)
Equity-based compensation
—

 
—

 
2.9

 
—

 
2.9

 
—

 
2.9

 
—

 
2.9

Foreign currency translation adjustment
—

 
—

 
—

 
0.2

 
0.2

 
—

 
0.2

 
—

 
0.2

Valuation of derivative securities, net of tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
(11.0
)
 
(11.0
)
 
—

 
(11.0
)
 
—

 
(11.0
)
Dividends to shareholders
—

 
—

 
(3.4
)
 
—

 
(3.4
)
 
—

 
(3.4
)
 
—

 
(3.4
)
Dividends to related parties
—

 
—

 
(6.4
)
 
—

 
(6.4
)
 
—

 
(6.4
)
 
—

 
(6.4
)
Net income
—

 
—

 
30.8

 
—

 
30.8

 
—

 
30.8

 
—

 
30.8

March 31, 2016
120.8

 
$
0.1

 
$
189.7

 
$
(13.6
)
 
$
176.2

 
$
—

 
$
176.2

 
$
—

 
$
176.2






See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

6

OM Asset Management plc
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in millions, unaudited) 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Cash flows from operating activities:
 

 
 

Net income
$
30.8

 
$
34.2

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations:
 

 
 

Net (income) from discontinued operations
(0.2
)
 
(0.2
)
Depreciation and other amortization
2.2

 
1.6

Amortization and revaluation of non-cash compensation awards
6.0

 
9.8

Net earnings from Affiliates accounted for using the equity method
(3.2
)
 
(2.6
)
Distributions received from equity method Affiliates
0.4

 
0.2

Deferred income taxes
1.0

 
2.5

Changes in operating assets and liabilities (excluding discontinued operations):
 

 
 

(Increase) decrease in investment advisory fees receivable and other amounts due from related parties
14.2

 
7.8

(Increase) decrease in other receivables, prepayments, deposits and other assets
5.2

 
6.5

Increase (decrease) in accrued incentive compensation, other amounts due to related parties and other liabilities
(80.3
)
 
(73.7
)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accruals and accrued income taxes
(4.0
)
 
(3.1
)
Net cash flows used in operating activities of continuing operations
(27.9
)
 
(17.0
)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities of discontinued operations
(0.2
)
 
0.1

Total net cash flows used in operating activities
(28.1
)
 
(16.9
)
Cash flows from investing activities:
 

 
 

Purchase of fixed assets
(2.5
)
 
(2.8
)
Purchase of investment securities
(13.1
)
 
(7.6
)
Sale of investment securities
7.0

 
3.2

De-consolidation of Funds
—

 
(93.0
)
Net cash flows used in investing activities of continuing operations
(8.6
)
 
(100.2
)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities of discontinued operations
—

 
—

Total net cash flows used in investing activities
(8.6
)
 
(100.2
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 

 
 

Proceeds from third party borrowings
28.0

 
—

Repayment of third party borrowings
(33.0
)
 
—

Repayment of related party borrowings
—

 
(1.0
)
Payment to Parent for deferred tax arrangement
(8.8
)
 
(13.6
)
Payment to Parent for co-investment redemptions
(2.6
)
 
(2.8
)
Dividends paid to shareholders
(3.3
)
 
(2.0
)
Dividends paid to related parties
(6.3
)
 
(7.6
)
Repurchases of ordinary shares
(2.8
)
 
—

Net cash flows used in financing activities of continuing operations
(28.8
)
 
(27.0
)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities of discontinued operations
—

 
—

Total net cash flows used in financing activities
(28.8
)
 
(27.0
)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(65.5
)
 
(144.1
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
135.9

 
268.6

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
70.4

 
$
124.5

 
 
 
 

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

7

OM Asset Management plc
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in millions, unaudited) 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
 

 
 

Interest paid (excluding consolidated Funds)
$
0.5

 
$
0.9

Income taxes paid
5.0

 
2.6

De-consolidation of Funds
—

 
(2,520.9
)
Non-cash capital contribution to Parent
—

 
(0.1
)




See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

8


OM Asset Management plc
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

1) Organization and Description of the Business


OM Asset Management plc (“OMAM” or the “Company”), through its subsidiaries, is a global asset management business with interests in a diverse group of boutique investment management firms (the “Affiliates”) individually headquartered in the United States. The Company provides investment management services globally to predominantly institutional investors, in asset classes that include U.S. and global equities, fixed income, real estate and timber. Fees for services are largely asset-based and, as a result, the Company’s revenue fluctuates based on the performance of financial markets and investors’ asset flows in and out of the Company’s products.
The Company’s Affiliates are organized as limited liability companies. The Company generally utilizes a profit-sharing model in structuring its compensation and ownership arrangements with Affiliates. The Affiliates’ variable compensation is generally based on each firm’s profitability. OMAM and Affiliate key employees share in profits after variable compensation according to their respective ownership interests. The profit-sharing model results in alignment of OMAM and Affiliate key employee economic interests, which is critical to the Company’s talent management strategy and long-term growth of the business. The Company operates in one reportable segment.
The Company is a majority-owned subsidiary of Old Mutual plc (the “Parent”), an international long-term savings, protection and investment group, listed on the London Stock Exchange.
2) Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
The Company’s significant accounting policies are as follows:
Basis of presentation
These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect the historical balance sheets; statements of operations and of comprehensive income; statements of changes in shareholders’ equity; and statements of cash flows of the Company. Within these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, entities that are part of the Parent’s consolidated results, but are not part of OMAM, as defined above, are referred to as “related parties.”
On October 15, 2014, the Company completed the initial public offering (the “Offering”) by its Parent of 22,000,000 ordinary shares of the Company pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.  Additionally, the underwriters in the Offering exercised a portion of their overallotment option and purchased an additional 2,231,375 shares of the Company from the Parent.  On June 22, 2015, the Company completed a secondary public offering by its Parent of 13,300,000 ordinary shares of the Company pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.  Additionally, the underwriters in the secondary public offering exercised their full overallotment option and purchased an additional 1,995,000 shares of the Company from the Parent. 
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). All dollar amounts, except per share data in the text and tables herein, are stated in millions unless otherwise indicated. Transactions between the Company and the Parent are included in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, however material intercompany balances and transactions among the Company and its consolidated Affiliates are eliminated in consolidation.


9


OM Asset Management plc
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

2) Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)


These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2015 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 15, 2016. The Company’s significant accounting policies, which have been consistently applied, are summarized in those Financial Statements.
Consolidation
Affiliates
The Company evaluates each of its Affiliate and other operating entities to determine the appropriate method of accounting. Generally, majority-owned entities or otherwise controlled investments in which the Company holds a controlling financial interest as the principal shareholder, managing member, or general partner are consolidated.
Funds
In evaluating whether or not a legal entity must be consolidated, the Company determines if such entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) or a voting interest entity (“VOE”). A VOE is considered an entity in which (i) the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities independently and (ii) the equity holders at risk have the obligation to absorb losses, the right to receive residual returns, and the right to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance. A VIE is an entity that lacks one or more of the characteristics of a VOE. Assessing whether an entity is a VIE or VOE involves judgment and analysis. Factors considered in this assessment include the entity’s legal organization, the entity’s capital structure and equity ownership and any related party or de facto agent implications of the Company’s involvement with the entity. Investments that are determined to be VIEs are consolidated if the Company or a consolidated Affiliate is the primary beneficiary of the investment. VOEs are typically consolidated if the Company holds the majority voting interest or otherwise controls the entity.
In the normal course of business, the Company’s Affiliates sponsor and manage certain investment vehicles (the “Funds”). The Company assesses consolidation requirements with respect to its Funds pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, Consolidation, as amended by Accounting Standards Update 2015-02, Consolidation: Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis ("ASU 2015-02") relating to the consolidation of VIEs.
In evaluating whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, the Company evaluates its economic interests in the entity held either directly by the Company or indirectly through related parties. For VIEs that are investment companies subject to ASU 2010-10, the primary beneficiary of the VIE is generally the variable interest holder that absorbs a majority of the expected losses of the VIE, receives a majority of the expected residual returns of the VIE, or both. The Company generally is not the primary beneficiary of Fund VIEs created to manage assets for clients unless the Company’s ownership interest, including interests of related parties, is substantial.


10


OM Asset Management plc
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

2) Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)


The primary beneficiary of a VIE is defined as the variable interest holder that has a controlling financial interest. A controlling financial interest is defined as (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impacts its economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. If no single party satisfies both criteria, but the Company and its related parties satisfy the criteria on a combined basis, then the primary beneficiary is the entity out of the related party group that is most closely associated to the VIE. The consolidation analysis can generally be performed qualitatively, however, if it is not readily apparent that the Company is not the primary beneficiary, a quantitative analysis may also be performed.
The Company consolidates VOEs when it has control over significant operating, financial and investing decisions of the entity or holds the majority voting interest. For VOEs organized as limited partnerships or as an entity with governance structures similar to a limited partnership (e.g., limited liability company with a managing member), the Company consolidates an entity when it holds the controlling general partnership interest and the limited partners do not hold substantive participating rights or rights to remove and replace the general partner or rights that could provide the limited partners with the ability to impact the ongoing governance and operating activities of the entity.
Upon the occurrence of certain events (such as contributions and redemptions, either by the Company, its Affiliates, or third parties, or amendments to the governing documents of the Company’s investees or sponsored Funds) management reviews and reconsiders its previous conclusion regarding the status of an entity as a VIE or a VOE. Additionally, management continually reconsiders whether the Company is deemed to be a VIE’s primary beneficiary who consolidates such entity. As of March 31, 2016, there were no Funds which were consolidated pursuant to ASU 2015-02.
Derivatives and Hedging
The Company may utilize derivative financial instruments to hedge the risk of movement of interest rates and foreign currency on financial assets and liabilities. These derivative financial instruments may or may not qualify as hedges for accounting purposes. The Company records all derivative financial instruments as either assets or liabilities on its Consolidated Balance Sheets and measures these instruments at fair value. For a derivative financial instrument that qualifies as a hedge for accounting purposes and is designated as a hedging instrument, the effective portion of the derivative’s gain or loss is initially reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified into earnings over the life of the hedge. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss is reported in earnings immediately.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.



11


OM Asset Management plc
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

3) Fair Value Measurements


The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2016 (in millions):
 
Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level I)
 
Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level II)
 
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level III)
 
Uncategorized
 
Total value,
March 31, 2016
Assets of OMAM(1)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

Investment securities(2)
$
69.2

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
69.2

Investments in unconsolidated Funds(3)
—

 
—

 
—

 
33.1

 
33.1

Total fair value assets
$
69.2

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
33.1

 
$
102.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities of OMAM(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative securities
$
—

 
$
(22.5
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(22.5
)
Total fair value liabilities
$
—

 
$
(22.5
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(22.5
)
The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2015 (in millions): 
 
Quoted prices
in active
markets
(Level I)
 
Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level II)
 
Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level III)
 
Uncategorized
 
Total value December 31, 2015
Assets of OMAM(1)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Investment securities(2)
$
66.9

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
66.9

Investments in unconsolidated Funds(3)
—

 
—

 
—

 
30.1

 
30.1

Total fair value assets
$
66.9

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
30.1

 
$
97.0

Liabilities of consolidated Funds(1)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

Derivative securities
$
—

 
$
(8.8
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(8.8
)
Total fair value liabilities
$
—

 
$
(8.8
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(8.8
)
 
 
(1)
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are comprised of financial investments managed by the Company's Affiliates. Of these, pursuant to ASU 2015-07, collective investment funds are multi-strategy products, uncategorized because they are redeemable monthly and valued at net asset value per share of the fund without adjustment which the Company believes represents the fair value of the investments.
The fair value of other investments is estimated based on quoted market prices, dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources supported by observable inputs and therefore classified within Level II. The Company obtains prices from independent pricing services that may utilize broker quotes, but generally the independent pricing services will use various other pricing techniques which take into account appropriate factors such as yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, type of issue, trading characteristics and other data. The Company has not made adjustments to the prices provided. If the pricing services are only able to (a) obtain a single broker quote or (b) utilize a pricing model, such securities are classified as Level III. If the pricing services are unable to provide prices, the Company attempts to obtain one or more broker quotes directly from a dealer or values such securities at the last bid price obtained. In either case, such securities are


12


OM Asset Management plc
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

3) Fair Value Measurements (cont.)


classified as Level III. The Company performs due diligence procedures over third party pricing vendors to understand their methodology and controls to support their use in the valuation process to ensure compliance with required accounting disclosures.
Equity, short-term investment funds and derivatives which are traded on a national securities exchange are stated at the last reported sales price on the day of valuation. To the extent these securities are actively traded and valuation adjustments are not applied, they are classified as Level I. These securities that trade in markets that are not considered to be active but are valued based on quoted market prices, dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources supported by observable inputs obtained by the Company from independent pricing services are classified as Level II. 
(2)
Investment securities of $69.2 million and $66.9 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, are investments in publicly registered daily redeemable funds (some managed by Affiliates), which the Company has classified as trading securities and valued using the published price as of the measurement dates. Accordingly, the Company has classified these investments as Level I. Not included in the above are $51.9 million and $51.6 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, of various investments carried at cost, including investments in timber and timberlands.
(3)
The $33.1 million and $30.1 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, relate to investments in unconsolidated Funds which consist primarily of investments in funds advised by Affiliates and are valued using NAV which the Company relies on to determine their fair value as a practical expedient. The Company has not classified these investments in the fair value hierarchy in accordance with ASU 2015-07. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to amounts presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These unconsolidated Funds consist primarily of real estate investments funds.The NAVs that have been provided by investees have been derived from the fair values of the underlying investments as of the measurement dates.
These investments are subject to longer than monthly or quarterly redemption restrictions, and due to their nature, distributions are received only as cash flows are generated from underlying assets over the life of the Funds. The range of time over which the underlying assets are expected to be liquidated by the investees is approximately one to eight years from March 31, 2016. The valuation process for the underlying real estate investments held by the real estate investments Funds begins with each property or loan being valued by the investment teams. The valuations are then reviewed and approved by the valuation committee, which consists of senior members of the portfolio management, acquisitions, and research teams. For certain properties and loans, the valuation process may also include a valuation by independent appraisers. In connection with this process, changes in fair-value measurements from period to period are evaluated for reasonableness, considering items such as market rents, capitalization and discount rates, and general economic and market conditions. 
There were no significant transfers of financial assets or liabilities among Levels I, II or III during the three months ended March 31, 2016 or 2015.




13


OM Asset Management plc
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

4) Variable Interest Entities



The Company sponsors the formation of various entities considered to be VIEs. The Company evaluates the consolidation of these entities as required pursuant to ASC Topic 810 relating to the consolidation of VIEs. These VIEs are primarily Funds managed by Affiliates and are investment vehicles typically owned entirely by third-party investors. Certain Funds may be capitalized with seed capital investments from the Company and may be owned partially by Affiliate key employees and/or individuals that own minority interests in an Affiliate.
The Company’s determination of whether it is the primary beneficiary of a Fund that is a VIE is based in part on an assessment of whether or not the Company and its related parties are exposed to the majority of the risks and rewards of the entity. Typically the Fund’s investors are entitled to substantially all of the economics of these VIEs with the exception of the management fees and performance fees, if any, earned by the Company or any investment the Company has made into the Funds. The Company generally is not the primary beneficiary of Fund VIEs created to manage assets for clients unless the Company’s ownership interest, including interests of related parties, is substantial.
At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were no Funds that were VIEs requiring consolidation by the Company.
The Company’s involvement with Funds that are VIEs and not consolidated by the Company is generally limited to that of an investment manager and its investment in the unconsolidated VIE, if any. The Company’s investment in any unconsolidated VIE generally represents an insignificant interest of the Fund’s net assets and assets under management, such that the majority of the VIE’s results are attributable to third parties. The Company’s exposure to risk in these entities is generally limited to any capital contribution it has made or is required to make and any earned but uncollected management fees. The Company has not issued any investment performance guarantees to these VIEs or their investors.
The following information pertains to unconsolidated VIEs for which the Company holds a variable interest (in millions): 
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Unconsolidated VIE assets
$
7,290.7

 
$
7,302.4

Unconsolidated VIE liabilities
$
4,204.5

 
$
4,189.1

Equity interests on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
$
56.2

 
$
53.2
*
Maximum risk of loss (1)
$
62.8

 
$
59.0
*
 
 
(1)
Includes equity investments the Company has made or is required to make in unconsolidated funds and any earned but uncollected management/incentive fees from those funds. The Company does not record performance/incentive allocations until the respective measurement period has ended.
*    Balances have been amended to reflect immaterial corrections.
In addition to the multiple unconsolidated VIE Funds, the Company determined that Heitman LLC, one of the Company’s Affiliates, is a VIE. The Company concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of Heitman LLC because it does not hold the power to direct its most economically significant activities. The Company aggregated Heitman LLC with the Company’s other unconsolidated VIE Funds due to their similar risk profiles given that the risks and rewards are driven by changes in investment values and the Affiliates’ ability to manage those assets.


14


OM Asset Management plc
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

5) Related Party Transactions


The Company’s Parent provides the Company with various oversight services, including governance, which includes oversight by the Parent’s board and executive committees, investor relations, procurement of insurance coverage, human resources, financial reporting, internal audit, treasury, systems, risk and tax services. That portion of the above costs which (i) are directly attributable to the Company, (ii) have been charged to the Company by the Parent and (iii) have been paid to the Parent by the Company, have been recorded in the Company’s unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and was $0.3 million for both of the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
As part of its profit-interests plan, an Affiliate made tax payments in 2014 on behalf of its employees who became vested in profit interests of the Affiliate. Payments totaling $5.1 million and $5.3 million were repaid by the employees of the Affiliate in the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
During 2014, the Company entered into a seed capital management agreement, a co-investment deed, a deferred tax asset deed and a shareholder agreement with the Parent and/or the Parent’s subsidiaries. Amounts owed to the Parent associated with the deferred tax asset deed were $190.5 million at March 31, 2016. Amounts owed to the Parent associated with the co-investment deed were $17.1 million at March 31, 2016, net of tax. As of March 31, 2016, the Company recorded $4.7 million withheld for redemptions and estimated taxes due under the co-investment deed. Amounts withheld in excess of the future tax liability will be payable to the Parent upon settlement.



15


OM Asset Management plc
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

6) Borrowings and Debt


The Company’s long term debt at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was comprised of the following (in millions): 
 
 
3/31/2016
 
12/31/2015
 
Interest rate
 
Maturity
Third party obligations:
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Revolving credit facility
 
$
85.0

 
$
90.0

 
LIBOR + 1.25% plus 0.20% commitment fee
 
October 15, 2019
Total long term debt of the Company
 
$
85.0

 
$
90.0

 
 
 
 
The fair value of borrowings approximated net cost basis as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Fair value was determined based on future cash flows, discounted to present value using current market rates. The inputs are categorized as Level III in the fair value hierarchy. Interest expense incurred amounted to a total of $0.5 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
On October 15, 2014, the Company entered into a revolving credit facility with Citibank, as administrative agent and issuing bank, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated as joint lead arrangers and joint book runners (the “Credit Facility”). Pursuant to the terms of the Credit Facility, the Company may obtain loans on a revolving credit basis and procure the issuance of letters of credit in an aggregate amount at any time outstanding not in excess of $350 million. The Credit Facility has a maturity date of October 15, 2019. Borrowings under the credit facility will bear interest, at OMAM’s option, at either the per annum rate equal to (a) the greatest of (i) the prime rate, (ii) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.5% and (iii) the one month Adjusted LIBO Rate plus 1.0%, plus, in each case an additional amount ranging from 0.25% to 1.00%, with such additional amount being based from time to time on the ratio of the Company’s total consolidated indebtedness to Adjusted EBITDA (a “Leverage Ratio”) until either Moody’s Investor Service, Inc. or Standard & Poor’s has assigned an initial rating to the Company’s senior, unsecured long-term indebtedness for borrowed money that is not subject to credit enhancement, or its credit rating, at which time such additional amount will be based on its credit rating or (b) the London interbank offered rate for a period, at the Company’s election, equal to one, two, three or six months plus an additional amount ranging from 1.25% to 2.00%, with such additional amount being based from time to time on the Company’s Leverage Ratio until it has been assigned a credit rating, at which time such additional amount will be based on its credit rating. In addition, the Company will be charged a commitment fee based on the average daily unused portion of the revolving credit facility at a per annum rate ranging from 0.20% to 0.50%, with such amount being based from time to time on its Leverage Ratio until it has been assigned a credit rating, at which time such amount will be based on the Company’s credit rating. Under the Credit Facility, the ratio of third-party borrowings to trailing twelve months Adjusted EBITDA cannot exceed 3.0x, and the interest coverage ratio must not be less than 4.0x. At March 31, 2016 the outstanding balance of the facility was $85.0 million. An interest rate of LIBOR plus a margin of 1.25% and commitment fee rate of 0.20% is being charged, and the Company’s ratio of third-party borrowings to trailing twelve months Adjusted EBITDA was 0.4x.



16


OM Asset Management plc
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

7) Commitment and Contingencies


Operational commitments
The Company had unfunded commitments to invest up to $12.7 million and $15.7 million in co-investments with an Affiliate as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. These commitments will be funded as required through the end of the respective investment periods ranging through fiscal 2018.
Certain Affiliates operate under regulatory authorities that require that they maintain minimum financial or capital requirements. Management is not aware of any violations of such financial requirements occurring during the period.
Litigation
The Company and its Affiliates are subject to claims, legal proceedings and other contingencies in the ordinary course of their business activities. Each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties, and it is possible that some of these matters may be resolved in a manner unfavorable to the Company or its Affiliates. The Company and its Affiliates establish accruals for matters for which the outcome is probable and can be reasonably estimated. As of March 31, 2016, there were no accruals for claims, legal proceedings or other contingencies.
Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, such as through agreements to enter into business combinations and divestitures of Affiliates, the Company enters into contracts that contain a variety of representations and warranties and which provide general indemnifications. The Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown, as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Company that have not yet occurred.
Foreign tax contingency
The Company has clients in non-U.S. jurisdictions which require entities that are conducting certain business activities in such jurisdictions to collect and remit tax assessed on certain fees paid for goods and services provided. The Company does not believe this requirement is applicable based on its limited business activities in these jurisdictions. However, given the fact that uncertainty exists around the requirement, the Company has chosen to evaluate its potential exposure related to non-collection and remittance of these taxes. At March 31, 2016, management of the Company has estimated the potential maximum exposure and concluded that it is not material. No accrual for the potential exposure has been recorded as the probability of incurring any potential liability relating to this exposure is not probable at March 31, 2016.
Considerations of credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash investments. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents and short term investments with various financial institutions. These financial institutions are typically located in cities in which the Company and its Affiliates operate. For the Company and certain Affiliates, cash deposits at a financial institution may exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits.


17


OM Asset Management plc
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

8) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is similar to basic earnings per share, but is adjusted for the effect of potentially issuable ordinary shares, except when inclusion is antidilutive. 
The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per ordinary share is as follows (dollars in millions, except per share data):
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Numerator:
 

 
 

Net income
$
30.8

 
$
34.2

Less: Total income available to participating unvested securities(1)
0.2

 
0.1

Total net income attributable to ordinary shares
$
30.6

 
$
34.1

Denominator:
 

 
 

Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding—basic
120,024,818

 
120,000,000

Potential ordinary shares
 
 
 
Restricted stock units
23,082

 
427,907

Weighted-average ordinary shares outstanding—diluted
120,047,900

 
120,427,907

Earnings per ordinary share:
 

 
 

Basic
$
0.26

 
$
0.28

Diluted
$
0.26

 
$
0.28

 
 
(1)
Income available to participating unvested securities includes dividends paid on unvested restricted shares and their proportionate share of undistributed earnings.



18


OM Asset Management plc
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

9) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income


The following tables show the tax effects allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (in millions):
 
For the three months ended March 31, 2016
 
Pre-Tax
 
Tax Benefit
 
Net of Tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment
$
0.2

 
$
—

 
$
0.2

Change in net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivative securities
(13.8
)
 
2.8

 
(11.0
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
$
(13.6
)
 
$
2.8

 
$
(10.8
)
 
For the three months ended March 31, 2015
 
Pre-Tax
 
Tax Benefit
 
Net of Tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment
$
(0.3
)
 
$
—

 
$
(0.3
)
Other comprehensive loss
$
(0.3
)
 
$
—

 
$
(0.3
)
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 were as follows (in millions):
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
 
Valuation of derivative securities
 
Total
Balance, as of December 31, 2015
$
2.0

 
$
(6.6
)
 
$
(4.6
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
0.2

 
(11.0
)
 
(10.8
)
Balance, as of March 31, 2016
$
2.2

 
$
(17.6
)
 
$
(15.4
)
In the three months ended March 31, 2016 the Company recorded $(11.0) million, net of tax of $2.8 million, on the derivative contract as further described in Note 10. There were no significant amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.



19


OM Asset Management plc
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

10) Derivatives and Hedging

Cash flow hedge
In late July 2015, the Company entered into a $300 million notional Treasury rate lock contract which was designated and qualified as a cash flow hedge under Accounting Standard Codification 815, "Derivatives and Hedging", (“ASC 815”). The Company documented its hedging strategy and risk management objective for this contract in anticipation of a future debt issuance. The Treasury rate lock contract effectively eliminates the impact of fluctuations in the underlying benchmark interest rate. The Company assesses the effectiveness of the hedging contract at inception and on a quarterly basis thereafter. At March 31, 2016, the hedging contract was evaluated to be highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows associated with the hedged items. The Company did not record any hedge ineffectiveness during the quarter ended March 31, 2016. The fair value of the contract included in accounts payable and accrued expenses was $22.5 million at March 31, 2016. Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income were $(11.0) million, net of tax of $2.8 million, for the quarter ended March 31, 2016. The Treasury rate lock contract has not been settled as of March 31, 2016. During the next twelve months the Company expects to reclassify approximately $0.6 million, net of tax, of the loss on the Treasury rate lock contract into earnings.
11) Discontinued Operations and Restructuring
All of the Company’s discontinued operations were wound down or transferred to the Parent prior to the third quarter of 2014 and there were no results from discontinued operations in either the three months ended March 31, 2016 or March 31, 2015.
The Company recognized a gain on disposal, net of taxes, of $0.2 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.


20

Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “OMAM” refer to OM Asset Management plc, references to the “Company” refer to OMAM, and references to “we,” “our” and “us” refer to OMAM and its consolidated subsidiaries and equity-accounted Affiliates, excluding discontinued operations. References to the holding company or “Center” excluding the Affiliates refer to OMAM Inc., or OMUS, a Delaware corporation and indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of OMAM. Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “Affiliates” or an “Affiliate” refer to the asset management firms in which we have an ownership interest. References in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to our “Parent” refer to Old Mutual plc. None of the information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitutes either an offer or a solicitation to buy or sell any of our Affiliates’ products or services, nor is any such information a recommendation for any of our Affiliates’ products or services.
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes which appear elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Forward-Looking Statements” at the end of this Item 2 for more information. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, is designed to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of our management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect our future results.
Our MD&A is presented in five sections:
•
Overview provides a brief description of our Affiliates, a summary of The Economics of Our Business and an explanation of How We Measure Performance using a non-GAAP measure which we refer to as economic net income or ENI. This section also provides a Summary Results of Operations and information regarding our Assets Under Management by Affiliate and strategy, and net flows by asset class, client type and client location.
•
U.S. GAAP Results of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 includes an explanation of changes in our U.S. GAAP revenue, expense, and other items for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 as well as key U.S. GAAP operating metrics.
•
Non-GAAP Supplemental Performance Measure - Economic Net Income includes an explanation of the key differences between U.S. GAAP net income and ENI, the key measure management uses to evaluate our performance. This section also provides a reconciliation between U.S. GAAP net income and ENI for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 as well as a reconciliation of key ENI operating items including ENI revenue and ENI operating expenses. In addition, this section provides key non-GAAP operating metrics and a calculation of tax on economic net income.
•
Capital Resources and Liquidity discusses our key balance sheet data. This section also discusses Adjusted EBITDA; Cash Flow from the business; Future Capital Needs; and Long-Term Debt. The discussion of Adjusted EBITDA includes an explanation of how we calculate Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to economic net income. 
•
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates provides a discussion of the key accounting policies used in the preparation of our U.S. GAAP financial statements. 


21

Overview
 We are a diversified, multi-boutique asset management firm headquartered in London, UK. We operate our business through seven affiliate firms to whom we refer in this quarterly report as our Affiliates. Through our Affiliates, we offer a diverse range of actively-managed investment strategies and products to institutional investors around the globe. While our Affiliates maintain autonomy in the investment process and the day-to-day management of their businesses, our strategy is to work with them to accelerate the growth and profitability of their firms.
Under U.S. GAAP, our Affiliates may be consolidated into our operations or may be accounted for as equity investments. We may also be required to consolidate certain of our Affiliates’ sponsored investment entities or Funds, due to the nature of our decision-making rights, our economic interests in these Funds or the rights of third-party clients in those Funds.
Our Affiliates and their principal strategies include:
•
Acadian Asset Management LLC (“Acadian”)—a leading quantitatively-oriented manager of active global and international equity, and alternative strategies.
•
Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (“Barrow Hanley”)—a widely recognized value-oriented investment manager of U.S., international and global equities, fixed income and a range of balanced investment management strategies.
•
Campbell Global, LLC (“Campbell Global”)—a leading sustainable timber and natural resource investment manager that seeks to deliver superior investment performance by focusing on unique acquisition opportunities, client objectives and disciplined management.
•
Copper Rock Capital Partners LLC (“Copper Rock”)—a specialized growth equity investment manager of small-cap international, global and emerging markets equity strategies.
•
Heitman LLC (“Heitman”)*—a leading real estate investment manager of high-quality global strategies focused on private real estate equity, public real estate securities and real estate debt.
•
Investment Counselors of Maryland, LLC (“ICM”)*—a value-driven domestic equity manager with product offerings across the entire capitalization range and a primary focus on small-cap companies.
•
Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley LLC (“TS&W”)—a value-oriented investment manager focused on small- and mid-cap U.S. equity, international equity and fixed income strategies.
 
 
* Accounted for under the equity method of accounting.
The Economics of Our Business
Our profitability is affected by a variety of factors including the level and composition of our average assets under management, or AUM, fee rates charged on AUM and our expense structure. Our Affiliates earn management fees based on assets under management. Approximately 75% of our management fees are calculated based on average AUM (calculated on either a daily or monthly basis) with the remainder of our management fees calculated based on period end AUM or other measuring methods. Changes in the levels of our AUM are driven by our investment performance and net client cash flows. Our Affiliates may also earn performance fees, or adjust management fees, when certain accounts differ in relation to relevant benchmarks or exceed or fail to exceed required returns. Approximately $49.5 billion, or 27% of our AUM in consolidated Affiliates, are in accounts with incentive fee or carried interest features. The majority of these incentive fees are calculated based on value added over the relevant benchmarks on a rolling three year basis. Carried interests are features of private equity funds, which are calculated based on long term cumulative returns. In addition, approximately $12 billion of performance fee eligible AUM is managed by our equity-accounted Affiliates. Fees earned on these assets are not reflected as part of ENI or GAAP performance fee revenue.


22

Our largest expense item is compensation and benefits paid to our and our Affiliates’ employees, which consists of both fixed and variable components. Fixed compensation and benefits represents base salaries and wages, payroll taxes and the costs of our employee benefit programs. Variable compensation, calculated as described below, may be awarded in cash, equity or profit interests.
The arrangements in place with our Affiliates result in the sharing of economics between OMUS and each Affiliate’s key management personnel using a profit-sharing model, except for ICM, which uses a revenue share model as a result of a legacy economic arrangement that has not been restructured. Profit sharing affects two elements within our earnings: (i) the calculation of variable compensation and (ii) the level of each Affiliate’s equity or profit interests distribution to its employees. Variable compensation is the portion of earnings that is contractually allocated to Affiliate employees as a bonus pool, typically representing a fixed percentage of earnings before variable compensation, which is measured as revenues less fixed compensation and benefits and other operating and administrative expenses. Profits after variable compensation are shared between us and Affiliate key employee equity holders according to our respective equity or profit interests ownership. The sharing of profits in this manner ensures that the economic interests of Affiliate key employees and those of OMUS are aligned, both in terms of generating strong annual earnings as well as investing those earnings back into the business in order to generate growth over the long term. We view profit sharing as an attractive operating model, as it allows us to share in the benefits of operating leverage as the business grows, and ensures all equity and profit interests holders are incented to achieve that growth.
Equity or profit interests owned by Affiliate key employees are either awarded as part of their variable compensation arrangements, or alternatively, may have originally resulted from OMUS acquiring less than 100% of the Affiliate. Over time, Affiliate key employee-owned equity or profit interests are recycled from one generation of employee-owners to the next either by the next generation purchasing equity or profit interests directly from retiring principals, or by Affiliate key employees forgoing cash bonuses in exchange for the equivalent value in Affiliate equity or profit interests. The recycling of equity or profit interests is often facilitated by OMUS; see "—U.S. GAAP Results of Operations—U.S. GAAP Expenses—Compensation and Benefits Expense" for a further discussion.
How We Measure Performance
We manage our business in aggregate based on a single reportable segment, reflecting how our management assesses the performance of our business. Within our organizational framework, the same operational resources support multiple products and Affiliates and performance is evaluated at a consolidated level.
In measuring and monitoring the key components of our earnings, our management uses a non-GAAP financial measure, ENI, to evaluate the financial performance of, and to make operational decisions for, our business. We also use ENI to make resource allocation decisions, determine appropriate levels of investment or dividend payout, manage balance sheet leverage, determine variable compensation and equity distributions, and incentivize management. It is an important measure in evaluating our financial performance because we believe it most accurately represents our operating performance and cash generation capability.
ENI differs from net income determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP as a result of both the reclassification of certain income statement items and the exclusion of certain non-cash or non-recurring income statement items. In particular, ENI excludes non-cash charges representing the changes in the value of Affiliate equity and profit interests held by Affiliate key employees, and the results of discontinued operations which are no longer part of our business.
ENI revenue is primarily comprised of the fee revenues paid to us by our clients for our advisory services and earnings from our equity-accounted Affiliates. Revenue included within ENI differs from U.S. GAAP revenue in that it includes our share of earnings from equity-accounted Affiliates.
ENI expenses are calculated to reflect all usual expenses from ongoing continuing operations attributable to our shareholders. Expenses included within ENI differ from U.S. GAAP expenses in that they exclude revaluations of


23

Affiliate key employee owned equity and profit interests, amortization and impairment of acquired intangibles and certain other non-cash expenses.
For a more detailed discussion of the differences between U.S. GAAP net income and economic net income, see "—Non-GAAP Supplemental Performance Measure—Economic Net Income."
Summary Results of Operations
The following table summarizes our unaudited results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015: 
($ in millions, unless otherwise noted)
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016 vs. 2015
U.S. GAAP Basis
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
149.6

 
$
160.6

 
$
(11.0
)
Net income from continuing operations
30.6

 
34.0

 
(3.4
)
Net income
30.8

 
34.2

 
(3.4
)
U.S. GAAP operating margin(1)
27
%
 
28
%
 
(24) bps

Earnings per share, basic ($)
$
0.26

 
$
0.28

 
$
(0.02
)
Earnings per share, diluted ($)
$
0.26

 
$
0.28

 
$
(0.02
)
Basic shares outstanding (in millions)
120.0

 
120.0

 
—

Diluted shares outstanding (in millions)
120.0

 
120.4

 
(0.4
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Economic Net Income Basis(2)
 

 
 

 
 

(Non-GAAP measure used by management)
 

 
 

 
 

ENI revenue(4)
$
152.9

 
$
163.3

 
$
(10.4
)
Pre-tax economic net income(5)
42.9

 
51.0

 
(8.1
)
Economic net income(6)
32.0

 
37.3

 
(5.3
)
ENI diluted EPS ($)
$
0.27

 
$
0.31

 
$
(0.04
)
ENI operating margin(3)
34
%
 
37
%
 
(331) bps

Adjusted EBITDA
$
45.3

 
$
53.5

 
$
(8.2
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Operational Information
 

 
 

 
 

Assets under management (AUM) at period end (in billions)
$
218.0

 
$
224.0

 
$
(6.0
)
Net client cash flows (in billions)
2.4

 
(0.2
)
 
2.6

Annualized revenue impact of net flows (in millions)(7)
7.3

 
11.3

 
(4.0
)
 
 
(1)
U.S. GAAP operating margin equals operating income from continuing operations divided by total revenue.
(2)
Economic net income is a non-GAAP measure we use to evaluate the performance of our business. For a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP financial information and a further discussion of economic net income refer to “—Non-GAAP Supplemental Performance Measure—Economic Net Income.”
(3)
ENI operating margin is a non-GAAP efficiency measure, calculated based on ENI operating earnings divided by ENI revenue. The ENI operating margin is most comparable to our U.S. GAAP operating margin.
(4)
ENI revenue is the ENI measure which is most comparable to U.S. GAAP revenue.
(5)
Pre-tax economic net income is the ENI measure which is most comparable to U.S. GAAP net income before taxes from continuing operations.


24

(6)
Economic net income is the ENI measure which is most comparable to U.S. GAAP net income from continuing operations.
(7)
Annualized revenue impact of net flows represents the difference between annualized management fees expected to be earned on new accounts and net assets contributed to existing accounts, less the annualized management fees lost on terminated accounts or net assets withdrawn from existing accounts, including equity-accounted Affiliates. The annualized management fees are calculated by multiplying the annual gross fee rate for the relevant account by the net assets gained in the account in the event of a positive flow, excluding any current or future market appreciation or depreciation, or the net assets lost in the account in the event of an outflow, excluding any current or future market appreciation or depreciation. For a further discussion of the uses and limitations of the annualized revenue impact of net flows, see "Assets Under Management" herein.
Assets under Management
Our total assets under management as of March 31, 2016 were $218.0 billion. The following table presents our assets under management by Affiliate as of each of the dates indicated: 
($ in billions)
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Acadian Asset Management
 
$
69.6

 
$
66.8

Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss
 
90.3

 
89.2

Campbell Global
 
4.9

 
6.3

Copper Rock Capital Partners
 
4.9

 
4.7

Heitman
 
30.6

 
29.1

Investment Counselors of Maryland
 
1.8

 
1.8

Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley
 
15.9

 
14.5

Total assets under management
 
$
218.0

 
$
212.4



25

Our primary asset classes include:
i.
U.S. equity, which includes small cap through large cap securities and substantially value or blended investment styles;
ii.
Global/non-U.S. equity, which includes global and international equities including emerging markets;
iii.
Fixed income, which includes government bonds, corporate bonds and other fixed income investments in the United States; and
iv.
Alternative, real estate and timber, which consist of real estate, timberland investments and other alternative investments.
The following table presents our assets under management by strategy as of each of the dates indicated: 
($ in billions)
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
U.S. equity, small/smid cap
 
$
7.0

 
$
6.9

U.S. equity, mid cap value
 
10.1

 
9.5

U.S. equity, large cap value
 
58.4

 
57.4

U.S. equity, core/blend
 
3.1

 
3.1

Total U.S. equity
 
78.6

 
76.9

Global equity
 
30.2

 
29.4

International equity
 
38.0

 
37.0

Emerging markets equity
 
20.1

 
18.4

Total global/non-U.S. equity
 
88.3

 
84.8

Fixed income
 
14.1

 
13.8

Alternative, real estate & timber
 
37.0

 
36.9

Total assets under management
 
$
218.0

 
$
212.4

AUM flows and the annualized revenue impact of net flows
In the following tables, we present our asset flows and market appreciation/depreciation by asset class, client type and client location. We also present a key metric used to better understand our asset flows, the annualized revenue impact of net client cash flows. Annualized revenue impact of net flows represents the difference between annualized management fees expected to be earned on new accounts and net assets contributed to existing accounts, less the annualized management fees lost on terminated accounts or net assets withdrawn from existing accounts, including equity-accounted Affiliates. The annualized management fees are calculated by multiplying the annual gross fee rate for the relevant account by the net assets gained in the account in the event of a positive flow, excluding any current or future market appreciation or depreciation, or the net assets lost in the account in the event of an outflow, excluding any current or future market appreciation or depreciation.
The annualized revenue impact of net flows metric is designed to provide investors with a better indication of the potential financial impact of net client cash flows, however it has certain limitations. For instance, it does not include assumptions for the next twelve months' market appreciation or depreciation or investment performance associated with the assets gained or lost. Nor does it account for factors such as future client terminations or additional contributions or withdrawals over the next twelve months. Additionally, the basis points reported are fee rates based on the asset levels at the time of the transactions and do not consider the fact that client fee rates may change over the next twelve months.


26

The following table summarizes our asset flows and market appreciation/depreciation by asset class for each of the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in billions, unless otherwise noted)
2016
 
2015
U.S. equity
 

 
 

Beginning balance
$
76.9

 
$
87.3

Gross inflows
3.1

 
0.9

Gross outflows
(2.4
)
 
(3.4
)
Net flows
0.7

 
(2.5
)
Market appreciation
0.5

 
0.7

Other
0.5

 
—

Ending balance
$
78.6

 
$
85.5

Average AUM
$
75.7

 
$
86.0

 
 
 
 
Global / non-U.S. equity
 

 
 

Beginning balance
$
84.8

 
$
84.0

Gross inflows
4.2

 
4.4

Gross outflows
(2.4
)
 
(2.6
)
Net flows
1.8

 
1.8

Market appreciation
1.3

 
2.3

Other
0.4

 
—

Ending balance
$
88.3

 
$
88.1

Average AUM
$
83.5

 
$
86.1

 
 
 
 
Fixed income
 

 
 

Beginning balance
$
13.8

 
$
15.2

Gross inflows
0.2

 
0.4

Gross outflows
(0.6
)
 
(0.6
)
Net flows
(0.4
)
 
(0.2
)
Market appreciation
0.7

 
0.3

Ending balance
$
14.1

 
$
15.3

Average AUM
$
13.9

 
$
15.4

 
 
 
 
Alternative, real estate & timber
 

 
 

Beginning balance
$
36.9

 
$
34.3

Gross inflows
1.9

 
1.3

Gross outflows
(0.3
)
 
(0.3
)
Hard asset disposals
(1.3
)
 
(0.3
)
Net flows
0.3

 
0.7

Market appreciation
0.6

 
0.1

Other
(0.8
)
 
—

Ending balance
$
37.0

 
$
35.1

Average AUM
$
37.4

 
$
34.8

 
 
 
 
Total
 

 
 

Beginning balance
$
212.4

 
$
220.8

Gross inflows
9.4

 
7.0

Gross outflows
(5.7
)
 
(6.9
)
Hard asset disposals
(1.3
)
 
(0.3
)
Net flows
2.4

 
(0.2
)
Market appreciation
3.1

 
3.4

Other
0.1

 
—

Ending balance
$
218.0

 
$
224.0

Average AUM
$
210.5

 
$
222.3

 
 
 
 
Annualized basis points: inflows
37.7

 
46.6

Annualized basis points: outflows
40.0

 
29.5

Annualized revenue impact of net flows ($ in millions)
$
7.3

 
$
11.3




27

We also analyze our asset flows by client type and client location. Our client types include:
i.
Sub-advisory, which includes assets managed for underlying mutual fund and variable insurance products which are sponsored by insurance companies and mutual fund platforms, where the end client is typically retail;
ii.
Institutional, which includes assets managed for public / government pension funds, including U.S. state and local government funds and non-U.S. sovereign wealth, local government and national pension funds; also includes corporate and union-sponsored pension plans; and
iii.
Retail / other, which includes assets managed for mutual funds sponsored by our Affiliates, defined contribution plans and accounts managed for high net worth clients.
The following table summarizes our asset flows by client type for each of the periods indicated: 
($ in billions)
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Sub-advisory
 

 
 

Beginning balance
$
69.0

 
$
74.1

Gross inflows
4.0

 
2.0

Gross outflows
(2.4
)
 
(3.2
)
Net flows
1.6

 
(1.2
)
Market appreciation
0.7

 
0.8

Other
0.3

 
—

Ending balance
$
71.6

 
$
73.7

 
 
 
 
Institutional
 

 
 

Beginning balance
$
133.8

 
$
137.2

Gross inflows
4.9

 
4.6

Gross outflows
(2.7
)
 
(3.4
)
Hard asset disposals
(1.3
)
 
(0.3
)
Net flows
0.9

 
0.9

Market appreciation
2.3

 
2.5

Other
(0.6
)
 
—

Ending balance
$
136.4

 
$
140.6

 
 
 
 
Retail/Other
 

 
 

Beginning balance
$
9.6

 
$
9.5

Gross inflows
0.5

 
0.4

Gross outflows
(0.6
)
 
(0.3
)
Net flows
(0.1
)
 
0.1

Market appreciation
0.1

 
0.1

Other
0.4

 
—

Ending balance
$
10.0

 
$
9.7

 
 
 
 
Total
 

 
 

Beginning balance
$
212.4

 
$
220.8

Gross inflows
9.4

 
7.0

Gross outflows
(5.7
)
 
(6.9
)
Hard asset disposals
(1.3
)
 
(0.3
)
Net flows
2.4

 
(0.2
)
Market appreciation
3.1

 
3.4

Other
0.1

 
—

Ending balance
$
218.0

 
$
224.0



28

It is a strategic objective to increase our percentage of assets under management sourced from non-U.S. clients. Our categorization by client location includes:
i.
 U.S.-based clients, where the contracting client is based in the United States, and
ii.
 Non-U.S.-based clients, where the contracting client is based outside the United States.
The following table summarizes asset flows by client location for each of the periods indicated:
($ in billions)
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
U.S.
 

 
 

Beginning balance
$
171.8

 
$
176.6

Gross inflows
6.5

 
5.5

Gross outflows
(5.0
)
 
(5.1
)
Hard asset disposals
(0.7
)
 
(0.3
)
Net flows
0.8

 
0.1

Market appreciation
2.4

 
2.4

Other
0.1

 
—

Ending balance
$
175.1

 
$
179.1

 
 
 
 
Non-U.S.
 

 
 

Beginning balance
$
40.6

 
$
44.2

Gross inflows
2.9

 
1.5

Gross outflows
(0.7
)
 
(1.8
)
Hard asset disposals
(0.6
)
 
—

Net flows
1.6

 
(0.3
)
Market appreciation
0.7

 
1.0

Other
—

 
—

Ending balance
$
42.9

 
$
44.9

 
 
 
 
Total
 

 
 

Beginning balance
$
212.4

 
$
220.8

Gross inflows
9.4

 
7.0

Gross outflows
(5.7
)
 
(6.9
)
Hard asset disposals
(1.3
)
 
(0.3
)
Net flows
2.4

 
(0.2
)
Market appreciation
3.1

 
3.4

Other
0.1

 
—

Ending balance
$
218.0

 
$
224.0



29

At March 31, 2016, our total assets under management were $218.0 billion, an increase of $5.6 billion or 2.6% compared to $212.4 billion at December 31, 2015.  The change in assets under management during the three months ended March 31, 2016 reflects net market appreciation of $3.1 billion, net flows of $2.4 billion and other movements of $0.1 billion. Other movements in 2016 reflect the standardization of AUM definitions across Affiliates and mandates and the revaluation of certain hard assets. These changes align the definition of AUM with management fees charged to clients.
For the three months ended March 31, 2016, our net flows were $2.4 billion compared to $(0.2) billion for the three months ended March 31, 2015.  Hard asset disposals of $(1.3) billion and $(0.3) billion are reflected in the net flows for the three months ended March 31, 2016, and March 31, 2015, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, the annualized revenue impact of the net flows was $7.3 million, as gross inflows of $9.4 billion during the three-month period were into asset classes yielding approximately 38 bps and gross outflows and hard asset disposals in the same period of $(7.0) billion were out of asset classes yielding approximately 40 bps.  This is compared to the annualized revenue impact of net flows of $11.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015.
U.S. GAAP Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015
Our U.S. GAAP results of operations were as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015: 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
Increase
(Decrease)
U.S. GAAP Statement of Operations
 

 
 

 
 

Management fees
$
149.6

 
$
156.9

 
$
(7.3
)
Performance fees
—

 
3.6

 
(3.6
)
Other revenue
—

 
0.1

 
(0.1
)
Total revenue
149.6

 
160.6

 
(11.0
)
Compensation and benefits
84.6

 
94.8

 
(10.2
)
General and administrative expense
21.8

 
19.8

 
2.0

Depreciation and amortization
2.2

 
1.6

 
0.6

Total expenses
108.6

 
116.2

 
(7.6
)
Operating income
41.0

 
44.4

 
(3.4
)
Investment income
3.5

 
2.7

 
0.8

Interest expense
(0.5
)
 
(0.9
)
 
0.4

Income from continuing operations before taxes
44.0

 
46.2

 
(2.2
)
Income tax expense
13.4

 
12.2

 
1.2

Income from continuing operations
30.6

 
34.0

 
(3.4
)
Gain on disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax
0.2

 
0.2

 
—

Net income
$
30.8

 
$
34.2

 
$
(3.4
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per share ($)
$
0.26

 
$
0.28

 
$
(0.02
)
Diluted earnings per share ($)
0.26

 
0.28

 
(0.02
)
Weighted average basic ordinary shares outstanding
120.0

 
120.0

 
—

Weighted average diluted ordinary shares outstanding
120.0

 
120.4

 
(0.4
)
U.S. GAAP operating margin(1)
27
%
 
28
%
 


 
 
(1) The U.S. GAAP operating margin equals operating income from continuing operations divided by total revenue.


30

The following table reconciles our net income to our pre-tax income from continuing operations: 
($ in millions)
Three Months Ended
March 31,
U.S. GAAP Statement of Operations
2016
 
2015
Net income
$
30.8

 
$
34.2

Exclude: Gain on disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax
(0.2
)
 
(0.2
)
Net income from continuing operations
30.6


34.0

Add: Income tax expense
13.4

 
12.2

Pre-tax income from continuing operations
$
44.0

 
$
46.2

U.S. GAAP Revenues
Our U.S. GAAP revenues principally consist of:
i.
management fees earned based on our overall weighted average fee rate charged to our clients and the level of assets under management;
ii.
performance fees earned or management fee adjustments when our Affiliates’ investment performance over agreed time periods for certain clients has differed from pre-determined hurdles; and
iii.
other revenue, consisting primarily of marketing, distribution and joint venture income.
Management Fees
Our management fees are a function of the fee rates our Affiliates charge to their clients, which are typically expressed in basis points, and the levels of our assets under management.
Excluding assets managed by our equity-accounted Affiliates, average basis points earned on average assets under management were 33.7 bps for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 33.0 bps for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The greatest driver of increases or decreases in this average fee rate is changes in the mix of our assets under management caused by net inflows or outflows in certain asset classes or disproportionate market movements.


31

Our average basis points by asset class (including both consolidated Affiliates that are included, and equity-accounted Affiliates that are not included in management fee revenue) over each of the periods indicated were:
($ in millions, 
except AUM data in billions)
Three Months Ended March 31,
2016
 
2015
 
Revenue
 
Basis Pts
 
Revenue
 
Basis Pts
U.S. equity
$
47.4

 
25

 
$
51.8

 
24

Global / non-U.S. equity
87.6

 
42

 
89.3

 
42

Fixed income
7.2

 
21

 
8.2

 
22

Alternative, real estate & timber
39.3

 
42

 
37.1

 
43

Management fee revenue & weighted average fee rate on average AUM, including equity-accounted Affiliates
$
181.5

 
34.7

 
$
186.4

 
34.0

Less: Revenue from equity-accounted Affiliates
(31.9
)
 
 

 
(29.5
)
 
 

U.S. GAAP management fee revenue & weighted average fee rate on average AUM of consolidated Affiliates(1)
$
149.6

 
33.7

 
$
156.9

 
33.0

Average AUM
210.5

 
0

 
222.3

 
 

Average AUM excluding equity-accounted Affiliates
178.8

 
0

 
193.0

 
 

 
 
(1)
Amounts shown excluding equity-accounted Affiliates are equivalent to ENI management fee revenue. (See “ENI Revenues”)
Three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to three months ended March 31, 2015: Management fees decreased $(7.3) million, or (4.7)%, from $156.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $149.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The decrease was attributable to decreases in average assets under management excluding equity-accounted Affiliates, which decreased (7.4)% from $193.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $178.8 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
The decrease in management fee revenue is mitigated by the increases in basis point yields of our assets under management. Excluding equity-accounted Affiliates, the weighted average fee rate earned on our average assets under management was 33.7 basis points for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 33.0 basis points for the three months ended March 31, 2015, with the increase driven mostly by the mix of flows and market movements in and out of assets with varying fee rates. Compared to the three months ended March 31, 2015, the combined share of higher fee global/non-U.S. equity and alternative assets, excluding equity-accounted Affiliates, increased by approximately 2%, to 51% of average assets, while the mix of U.S. equity and fixed income decreased approximately (2)% to 49%. This shift was primarily driven by flows.


32

Performance Fees
Approximately $49.5 billion, or 27% of our AUM in consolidated Affiliates, are in accounts with incentive fee or carried interest features. Included below is a breakdown of our AUM from consolidated Affiliates, broken out between AUM subject to performance fees or carried interest and that subject only to management fees. Our alternative products subject to performance fees or carried interest earn these performance fees upon exceeding high-water mark performance thresholds or outperforming a hurdle rate. Conversely, the separate accounts/other products, which primarily earn management fees, are potentially subject to performance adjustment up or down based on investment performance versus benchmark. For each of these categories and in total, we have indicated in the table below the ratio of performance fees or carried interest relative to total management fees and performance fees (together, total fees).
 
 
AUM of consolidated Affiliates
at March 31, 2016
($ in billions)
 
Management fees for the three months ended March 31, 2016
($ in millions)
 
Performance fees for the three months ended March 31, 2016
($ in millions)
Category
 
Total
 
AUM of accounts without perfor-mance fees
 
AUM of accounts with perfor-mance
fees
 
Total
 
Accounts without perfor-mance fees
 
Accounts with perfor-mance fees
 
Total
 
As a % of total category fees among accounts with perfor-mance fees
 
As a % of total category fees
(among all accounts)
Alternative products
 
$
6.1

 
$
—

 
$
6.1

 
$
9.9

 
$
—

 
$
9.9

 
$
0.1

 
1.0
 %
 
1.0
 %
Separate accounts/other products
 
179.5

 
136.1

 
43.4

 
139.7

 
115.6

 
24.1

 
(0.1
)
 
(0.4
)%
 
(0.1
)%
Total
 
$
185.6

 
$
136.1

 
$
49.5

 
$
149.6

 
$
115.6

 
$
34.0

 
$
—

 
—
 %
 
—
 %
In aggregate, we did not recognize any performance fees in the three months ended March 31, 2016. Gross performance fees earned (excluding performance fees at equity-accounted Affiliates) were 2.2% of total fees for the three months ended March 31, 2015. Performance fees are typically shared with our Affiliate key employees through various contractual compensation and profit-sharing arrangements, as illustrated in the following table:
 
Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
Gross performance fees
$
—

 
$
3.6

Net performance fees(1)
—

 
2.0

Percentage of performance fees accruing to OMAM
n/m

 
55.6
%
Gross performance fees as a percentage of total fees(2)
—
%
 
2.2
%
 
 
(1)
Net performance fees are shown after the effect of contractual variable compensation and distributions to key employees of the Affiliates and represent the amount of the performance fee directly attributable to our shareholders.
(2)
Total fees, comprised of management fees and performance fees were $149.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and $160.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015.
Three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to three months ended March 31, 2015: Performance fees decreased $(3.6) million, from $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $0.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016.  Performance fees can be variable and are contractually triggered based on investment performance results over agreed upon time periods. The decrease was primarily a result of volatile markets and management fee adjustments in certain sub-advisory accounts.


33

Other Revenue
Three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to three months ended March 31, 2015: Other revenue decreased $(0.1) million, or (100.0)%, from $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $0.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 due to the wind-down of a Fund platform, as Global Distribution shifted priorities.
U.S. GAAP Expenses
Our U.S. GAAP expenses principally consist of:
i.
compensation paid to our investment professionals and other employees, including base salary, benefits, sales-based compensation, variable compensation, Affiliate distributions and re-valuation of key employee owned Affiliate equity and profit interests;
ii.
general and administrative expenses; and
iii.
depreciation and amortization charges.
Compensation and Benefits Expense
Our most significant category of expense is compensation and benefits awarded to our and our Affiliates’ employees. The following table presents the components of U.S. GAAP compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015:
 
Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
Fixed compensation and benefits(1)
$
35.4

 
$
33.5

Sales-based compensation(2)
4.8

 
4.6

Variable compensation(3)
37.4

 
43.4

Affiliate key employee distributions(4)
8.3

 
8.5

Non-cash Affiliate key employee equity revaluations(5)
(1.3
)
 
4.8

Total U.S. GAAP compensation and benefits expense
$
84.6

 
$
94.8

 
 
(1)
Fixed compensation and benefits include base salaries, payroll taxes and the cost of benefit programs provided.
(2)
Sales-based compensation is paid to us and our Affiliates’ sales and distribution teams and represents compensation earned by our sales professionals, paid over a multi-year period, related to revenue earned on new sales. Its variability is based upon the structure of sales-based compensation due on inflows of assets under management in both current and prior periods.


34

(3)
Variable compensation represents the sum of each Affiliate’s variable compensation, plus Center bonuses. Variable compensation is usually awarded based on a contractual percentage of each Affiliate’s ENI profits before variable compensation and may be paid in the form of cash or non-cash Affiliate equity or profit interests. Center variable compensation includes cash and OMAM equity. Non-cash variable compensation awards typically vest over several years and are recognized as compensation expense over that service period. The variable compensation ratio at each Affiliate, calculated as variable compensation divided by ENI earnings before variable compensation, will typically be between 25% and 30%.
 
Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
Cash variable compensation
$
31.1

 
$
38.4

Non-cash equity-based award amortization
6.3

 
5.0

Total variable compensation
$
37.4

 
$
43.4

(4)
Affiliate key employee distributions represent the share of Affiliate profits after variable compensation that is attributable to Affiliate key employee equity and profit interests holders, according to their ownership interests. The Affiliate key employee distribution ratio at each Affiliate is calculated as Affiliate key employee distributions divided by ENI operating earnings at that Affiliate. At certain Affiliates, OMUS is entitled to an initial preference over profits after variable compensation, structured such that before a preference threshold is reached, there would be no required key employee distributions, whereas for profits above the threshold the key employee distribution amount would be calculated based on the key employee ownership percentages, which range from approximately 15% to 35% at our consolidated Affiliates.
(5)
Non-cash Affiliate key employee equity revaluations represent changes in the value of Affiliate equity and profit interests held by Affiliate key employees. These ownership interests may in certain circumstances be repurchased by OMUS at a value based on a pre-determined fixed multiple of trailing earnings and as such this value is carried on our balance sheet as a liability. However, any equity or profit interests repurchased by OMUS can be used to fund a portion of future variable compensation awards, resulting in savings in cash variable compensation that offset the negative cash effect of repurchasing the equity. Our Affiliate equity and profit interest plans have been designed to ensure OMUS is not required to repurchase more equity than we can reasonably recycle through variable compensation awards in any given twelve month period. OMUS may also choose to retain repurchased Affiliate equity or profit interests, entitling us to an additional share of future Affiliate earnings that represents an unrecognized economic asset to us.
Fluctuations in compensation and benefits expense for the periods presented are discussed below.
Three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to three months ended March 31, 2015: Compensation and benefits expense decreased $(10.2) million, or (10.8)%, from $94.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $84.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Fixed compensation and benefits increased $1.9 million, or 5.7%, from $33.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $35.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. This reflects the annualization of 2015 hires, as well as normal increases in base salaries, wages and benefits. Variable compensation decreased $(6.0) million, or (13.8)%, from $43.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $37.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily driven by lower pre-variable compensation earnings. Sales-based compensation increased $0.2 million, or 4.3%, from $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, as a result of the timing and structure of sales-based compensation due and higher management fee rates earned on asset inflows in current and prior periods. Affiliate key employee distributions decreased $(0.2) million, or (2.4)%, from $8.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $8.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 as a result of lower earnings before Affiliate key employee distributions. Revaluations of Affiliate equity decreased by $(6.1) million reflecting formulaic revaluations of key employee ownership at certain Affiliates, as the value of Affiliate equity increased $4.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2015 and decreased $(1.3) million in the three months ended March 31, 2016.


35

General and Administrative Expense
Three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to three months ended March 31, 2015: General and administrative expense increased $2.0 million, or 10.1%, from $19.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $21.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, driven primarily by technology investments and new initiatives. 
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to three months ended March 31, 2015: Depreciation and amortization expense increased $0.6 million, or 37.5%, from $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase was primarily due to additional fixed asset and technology investments in the business in 2015 and 2016.
U.S. GAAP Other Non-Operating Items of Income and Expense
Other non-operating items of income and expense consist of:
i.
investment income; and
ii.
interest expense.
Investment Income
Three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to three months ended March 31, 2015: Investment income increased $0.8 million, or 29.6%, from $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to increased earnings from equity-accounted Affiliates for the three months ended March 31, 2016, combined with increased returns on co-investments and a timber investment at an Affiliate for the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Interest Expense
Three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to three months ended March 31, 2015: Interest expense decreased $(0.4) million, or (44.4)%, from $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 reflect the lower levels drawn under our third party credit facility during this period.
U.S. GAAP Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 compared to three months ended March 31, 2015: Income tax expense increased $1.2 million, or 9.8%, from $12.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $13.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase relates largely to changes in reserves, an adjustment for interest on the reserves and a decrease in the benefit from intercompany interest expense.
Discontinued Operations
Three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to three months ended March 31, 2015: All of our discontinued operations were wound down or transferred to our Parent prior to the third quarter of 2014 and there were no results from discontinued operations in either the three months ended March 31, 2015 or March 31, 2016. Discontinued operations consisted of a gain on disposal of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and a gain on disposal of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, in each case net of tax, representing incremental gains from disposals in each period.


36

Key U.S. GAAP Operating Metrics
The following table shows our key U.S. GAAP operating metrics for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)
 
2016
 
2015
Numerator: Operating income
 
$
41.0

 
$
44.4

Denominator: Total revenue
 
$
149.6

 
$
160.6

U.S. GAAP operating margin
 
27
%
 
28
%
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator: Total operating expenses
 
$
108.6

 
$
116.2

Denominator: Management fee revenue
 
$
149.6

 
$
156.9

U.S. GAAP operating expense / management fee revenue
 
73
%
 
74
%
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator: Variable compensation
 
$
37.4

 
$
43.4

Denominator: Operating income before variable compensation and Affiliate key employee distributions(1)
 
$
86.7

 
$
96.3

U.S. GAAP variable compensation ratio
 
43
%
 
45
%
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator: Affiliate key employee distributions
 
$
8.3

 
$
8.5

Denominator: Operating income before Affiliate key employee distributions(1)
 
$
49.3

 
$
52.9

U.S. GAAP Affiliate key employee distributions ratio
 
17
%
 
16
%
 
 
(1)
The following table identifies the components of operating income before variable compensation and Affiliate key employee distributions, as well as operating income before Affiliate key employee distributions:
 
Three months ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
Operating income
$
41.0

 
$
44.4

Affiliate key employee distributions
8.3

 
8.5

Operating income before Affiliate key employee distributions
49.3

 
52.9

Variable compensation
37.4

 
43.4

Operating income before variable compensation and Affiliate key employee distributions
$
86.7

 
$
96.3

Effects of Inflation
For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, inflation did not have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations.


37

Non-GAAP Supplemental Performance Measure — Economic Net Income
As supplemental information, we provide a non-GAAP performance measure that we refer to as economic net income, or ENI, which represents our management’s view of the underlying economic earnings generated by us. We define economic net income as ENI revenue less (i) ENI operating expenses, (ii) variable compensation, (iii) key employee distributions, (iv) net interest and (v) taxes, each as further discussed in this section. These ENI adjustments to U.S. GAAP include both reclassifications of U.S. GAAP revenue and expense items, as well as adjustments to U.S. GAAP results, primarily to exclude non-cash, non-economic expenses, or to reflect cash benefits not recognized under U.S. GAAP.
ENI is an important measure to investors because it is used by the Company to make resource allocation decisions, determine appropriate levels of investment or dividend payout, manage balance sheet leverage, determine Affiliate variable compensation and equity distributions, and incentivize management. It is also an important measure because it assists management in evaluating our operating performance and is presented in a way that most closely reflects the key elements of our profit share operating model with our Affiliates. For a further discussion of how we use ENI and why ENI is useful to investors, see “—Overview—How We Measure Performance.”
To calculate economic net income, we re-categorize certain line items on our Statement of Operations to reflect the following:
•
We include our share of earnings from equity-accounted Affiliates within other income in ENI revenue, rather than investment income. Earnings from equity-accounted Affiliates amounted to $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015.
•
We treat sales-based compensation as a general and administrative expense, rather than part of fixed compensation and benefits.
•
We segregate from operating expenses variable compensation and Affiliate key employee distributions, which represent Affiliate earnings shared with Affiliate key employees.
We make the following adjustments to U.S. GAAP results to more closely reflect our economic results:
i.
We exclude non-cash expenses representing changes in the value of Affiliate equity and profit interests held by Affiliate key employees. These ownerships interests may in certain circumstances be repurchased by OMUS at a value based on a pre-determined fixed multiple of trailing earnings and as such this value is carried on our balance sheet as a liability. Non-cash movements in the value of this liability are treated as compensation expense under U.S. GAAP. However, any equity or profit interests repurchased by OMUS can be used to fund a portion of future variable compensation awards, resulting in savings in cash variable compensation that offset the negative cash effect of repurchasing the equity. Our Affiliate equity and profit interest plans have been designed to ensure OMUS is never required to repurchase more equity than we can reasonably recycle through variable compensation awards in any given twelve month period. OMUS may also choose to retain repurchased Affiliate equity or profit interests, entitling us to an additional share of future Affiliate earnings that represents an unrecognized economic asset to us.
ii.
We exclude non-cash amortization or impairment expenses related to acquired goodwill and other intangibles as these are non-cash charges that do not result in an outflow of tangible economic benefits from the business.
iii.
We exclude capital transaction costs, including the costs of raising debt or equity, gains or losses realized as a result of redeeming debt or equity and direct incremental costs associated with acquisitions of businesses or assets.
iv.
We exclude the results of discontinued operations since they are not part of our ongoing business, and restructuring costs incurred in continuing operations which represent an exit from a distinct product or line of business.


38

v.
We exclude deferred tax resulting from changes in tax law and expiration of statutes, adjustments for uncertain tax positions, deferred tax attributable to intangible assets and other unusual items not related to current operating results to reflect ENI tax normalization.
We also adjust our income tax expense to reflect any tax impact of our ENI adjustments.
Additional categories of economic net income adjustments that we may make in the future include, but are not limited to:
•
the exclusion of seed capital and co-investment gains, losses and related financing costs. The net returns on these investments are considered and presented separately from ENI because ENI is primarily a measure of our earnings from managing client assets, which therefore differs from earnings generated by our investments in Affiliate products, which can be variable from period to period.
•
the exclusion of non-contractual, non-cash interest expense recognized under U.S. GAAP in connection with the unwinding of discounts implicit in long-term financial liabilities.
•
the inclusion of cash tax benefits associated with deductions allowed for acquired intangibles and goodwill that are not recognized within earnings under U.S. GAAP.
Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP Net Income to Economic Net Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015
The following table reconciles net income to economic net income for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015: 
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
U.S. GAAP net income
$
30.8

 
$
34.2

Adjustments to reflect the economic earnings of the Company:
 
 
 
i.
Non-cash key employee-owned equity and profit interest revaluations
(1.3
)
 
4.8

ii.
Amortization and impairment of goodwill and acquired intangible assets
0.1

 
—

iii.
Capital transaction costs
0.1

 
—

iv.
Discontinued operations and restructuring
(0.2
)
 
(0.2
)
v.
ENI tax normalization
2.0

 
0.4

Tax effect of above adjustments, as applicable*
0.5

 
(1.9
)
Economic net income
$
32.0

 
$
37.3

 
 
* Reflects the sum of line items i, ii, and iii taxed at the 40.2% U.S. statutory rate (including state tax).
Limitations of Economic Net Income
Economic net income is the key measure our management uses to evaluate the financial performance of, and make operational decisions for, our business. Economic net income is not a substitute for net income or other performance measures that are derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Furthermore, our calculation of economic net income may differ from similarly titled measures provided by other companies.
Because the calculation of economic net income excludes certain ongoing expenses, including amortization expense and certain compensation costs, it has certain material limitations and should not be viewed in isolation or as a substitute for U.S. GAAP measures of earnings.


39

ENI Revenues
The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP revenue to ENI revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015: 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
U.S. GAAP revenue
$
149.6

 
$
160.6

Include investment return on equity-accounted Affiliates
3.3

 
2.7

ENI revenue
$
152.9

 
$
163.3

The following table identifies the components of ENI revenue:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
Management fees(1)
$
149.6

 
$
156.9

Performance fees(2)
—

 
3.6

Other income, including equity-accounted Affiliates(3)
3.3

 
2.8

ENI Revenue
$
152.9

 
$
163.3

 
 
(1)
ENI management fees are most comparable to U.S. GAAP management fees.
(2)
ENI performance fees are most comparable to U.S. GAAP performance fees.
(3)
ENI other income is comprised of other revenue under U.S. GAAP, plus our earnings from equity-accounted Affiliates of $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
U.S. GAAP other revenue
$
—

 
$
0.1

Income from equity-accounted Affiliates
3.3

 
2.7

ENI other income
$
3.3

 
$
2.8



40

ENI Operating Expenses
The largest difference between U.S. GAAP operating expense and ENI operating expense relates to compensation. As shown in the following reconciliation, the Company excludes the impact of key employee equity revaluations. Variable compensation and Affiliate key employee distributions are also segregated out of U.S. GAAP operating expense in order to align with the manner in which these items are contractually calculated at the Affiliate level.
The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP operating expense to ENI operating expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
U.S. GAAP operating expense
$
108.6

 
$
116.2

Less: items excluded from economic net income
 
 
 
Affiliate key employee equity revaluations
1.3

 
(4.8
)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets
(0.1
)
 
—

Capital transaction costs
(0.1
)
 
—

Less: items segregated out of U.S. GAAP operating expense
 
 
 
Variable compensation
(37.4
)
 
(43.4
)
Affiliate key employee distributions
(8.3
)
 
(8.5
)
ENI operating expense
$
64.0

 
$
59.5

The following table identifies the components of ENI operating expense:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
Fixed compensation & benefits(1)
$
35.4

 
$
33.5

General and administrative expenses(2)
26.5

 
24.4

Depreciation and amortization
2.1

 
1.6

ENI operating expense
$
64.0

 
$
59.5

 
 
(1)
Fixed compensation and benefits include base salaries, payroll taxes and the cost of benefit programs provided. The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 to ENI fixed compensation and benefits expense:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
Total U.S. GAAP compensation expense
$
84.6

 
$
94.8

Affiliate key employee equity revaluations excluded from ENI
1.3

 
(4.8
)
Sales-based compensation reclassified to ENI general & administrative expenses
(4.8
)
 
(4.6
)
Affiliate key employee distributions excluded from fixed compensation
(8.3
)
 
(8.5
)
Variable compensation excluded from fixed compensation
(37.4
)
 
(43.4
)
ENI fixed compensation and benefits
$
35.4

 
$
33.5



41

(2)
The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP general and administrative expense to ENI general and administrative expense:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
U.S. GAAP general and administrative expense
$
21.8

 
$
19.8

Sales-based compensation
4.8

 
4.6

Capital transaction costs
(0.1
)
 
—

ENI general and administrative expense
$
26.5

 
$
24.4

Key Non-GAAP Operating Metrics
The following table shows our key non-GAAP operating metrics for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. We present these metrics because they are the measures our management uses to evaluate the profitability of our business and are useful to investors because they represent the key drivers and measures of economic performance within our business model. Please see the footnotes below for an explanation of each ratio, its usefulness in measuring the economics and operating performance of our business, and a reference to the most closely related U.S. GAAP measure:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
Numerator: ENI operating earnings(1)
$
51.5

 
$
60.4

Denominator: ENI revenue
$
152.9

 
$
163.3

ENI operating margin(2)
34
%
 
37
%
 
 
 
 
Numerator: ENI operating expense
$
64.0

 
$
59.5

Denominator: ENI management fee revenue(3)
$
149.6

 
$
156.9

ENI operating expense ratio(4)
43
%
 
38
%
 
 
 
 
Numerator: ENI variable compensation
$
37.4

 
$
43.4

Denominator: ENI earnings before variable compensation(1)(5)
$
88.9

 
$
103.8

ENI variable compensation ratio(6)
42
%
 
42
%
 
 
 
 
Numerator: Affiliate key employee distributions
$
8.3

 
$
8.5

Denominator: ENI operating earnings(1)
$
51.5

 
$
60.4

ENI Affiliate key employee distributions ratio(7)
16
%
 
14
%
 
 
(1)
ENI operating earnings represents ENI earnings before Affiliate key employee distributions and is calculated as ENI revenue, less ENI operating expense, less ENI variable compensation. It differs from economic net income because it does not include the effects of Affiliate key employee distributions, net interest expense or income tax expense.



42

 The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP operating income to ENI earnings after Affiliate key employee distributions:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
U.S. GAAP operating income
$
41.0

 
$
44.4

Include investment return on equity-accounted Affiliates
3.3

 
2.7

Exclude the impact of:
 
 
 
Affiliate key employee equity revaluations
(1.3
)
 
4.8

Amortization of acquired intangible assets
0.1

 
—

Capital transaction costs
0.1

 
—

Affiliate key employee distributions
8.3

 
8.5

Variable compensation
37.4

 
43.4

ENI earnings before variable compensation
88.9

 
103.8

Less: ENI variable compensation
(37.4
)
 
(43.4
)
ENI operating earnings
51.5

 
60.4

Less: ENI Affiliate key employee distributions
(8.3
)
 
(8.5
)
ENI Earnings after Affiliate key employee distributions
$
43.2

 
$
51.9

(2)
The ENI operating margin, which is calculated before Affiliate key employee distributions, is used by management and is useful to investors to evaluate the overall operating margin of the business without regard to our various ownership levels at each of the Affiliates. The ENI operating margin is most comparable to our U.S. GAAP operating margin of 27% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 28% for the three months ended March 31, 2015.
This ratio is important because it gives investors an understanding of the profitability of the total business relative to revenue, irrespective of the ownership position which OMAM has in each of its Affiliates. Management and investors use this ratio when comparing our profitability relative to our peer group and evaluating our ability to manage the cost structure and profitability of our business under different operating environments.
(3)
ENI management fee revenue is most comparable to U.S. GAAP management fee revenue.
(4)
The ENI operating expense ratio is used by management and is useful to investors to evaluate the level of operating expense as measured against our recurring management fee revenue. We have provided this ratio since many operating expenses, including fixed compensation & benefits and general and administrative expense, are generally linked to the overall size of the business. We track this ratio as a key measure of scale economies at OMAM because in our profit sharing economic model, scale benefits both the Affiliate employees and OMAM shareholders. The ENI operating expense ratio is most comparable to the U.S. GAAP operating expense / management fee revenue ratio.
(5)
ENI earnings before variable compensation is calculated as ENI revenue, less ENI operating expense.
(6)
The ENI variable compensation ratio is used by management and is useful to investors to evaluate consolidated variable compensation as measured against our ENI earnings before variable compensation. Variable compensation represents the sum of each Affiliate’s variable compensation, plus Center bonuses. Variable compensation is usually awarded based on a contractual percentage of each Affiliate’s ENI earnings before variable compensation and may be paid in the form of cash or non-cash Affiliate equity or profit interests. Center variable compensation includes cash and OMAM equity. Non-cash variable compensation awards typically vest over several years and are recognized as compensation expense over that service period. The variable compensation ratio at each Affiliate, calculated as variable compensation divided by ENI earnings before variable compensation, will typically be between 25% and 30%. The ENI variable compensation ratio is most comparable to the U.S. GAAP variable compensation ratio.


43

(7)
The ENI Affiliate key employee distribution ratio is used by management and is useful to investors to evaluate Affiliate key employee distributions as measured against our ENI operating earnings. Affiliate key employee distributions represent the share of Affiliate profits after variable compensation that is attributable to Affiliate key employee equity and profit interests holders, according to their ownership interests. The Affiliate key employee distribution ratio at each Affiliate is calculated as Affiliate key employee distributions divided by ENI operating earnings at that Affiliate. At certain Affiliates, OMUS is entitled to an initial preference over profits after variable compensation, structured such that before a preference threshold is reached, there would be no required key employee distributions, whereas for profits above the threshold the key employee distribution amount would be calculated based on the key employee ownership percentages, which range from approximately 15% to 35% at our consolidated Affiliates. The ENI Affiliate key employee distributions ratio is most comparable to the U.S. GAAP Affiliate key employee distributions ratio.
Tax on Economic Net Income
The following table reconciles the United States statutory tax to tax on economic net income:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
Pre-tax economic net income
$
42.9

 
$
51.0

Intercompany interest expense deductible for U.S. tax purposes
(17.7
)
 
(17.5
)
Taxable economic net income
25.2

 
33.5

Taxes at the U.S. federal and statutory rates(1)
(10.1
)
 
(13.5
)
Other reconciling tax adjustments
(0.8
)
 
(0.2
)
Tax on economic net income
(10.9
)
 
(13.7
)
Add back intercompany interest expense previously excluded
17.7

 
17.5

Economic net income
$
32.0

 
$
37.3

Economic net income effective tax rate
25.4
%
 
26.9
%

(1)
Calculated using a 40.2% tax rate.


44

Capital Resources and Liquidity
Supplemental Liquidity Measure — Adjusted EBITDA
As supplemental information, we provide information regarding Adjusted EBITDA, which we define as economic net income before net interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. We consider Adjusted EBITDA to be a non-GAAP liquidity measure that we provide in addition to, but not as a substitute for, cash flows from operating activities. It should therefore be noted that our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be consistent with Adjusted EBITDA as calculated by other companies. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is a useful liquidity metric because it indicates our ability to make further investments in our business, service debt and meet working capital requirements.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
Net income
$
30.8

 
$
34.2

Net interest expense
0.5

 
0.9

Income tax expense (including tax expenses related to discontinued operations)
13.5

 
12.2

Depreciation and amortization (including discontinued operations)
2.1

 
1.6

EBITDA
$
46.9

 
$
48.9

Non-cash compensation costs associated with revaluation of Affiliate key employee-owned equity and profit-sharing interests
(1.3
)
 
4.8

EBITDA of discontinued operations
(0.3
)
 
(0.2
)
Investment gains
(0.1
)
 
—

Capital transaction costs
0.1

 
—

Adjusted EBITDA
$
45.3

 
$
53.5

ENI net interest expense to third parties
(0.3
)
 
(0.9
)
Depreciation and amortization
(2.1
)
 
(1.6
)
Tax on economic net income
(10.9
)
 
(13.7
)
Economic net income
$
32.0

 
$
37.3

Cash Flows
The following table summarizes certain key financial data relating to cash flows: 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)
2016
 
2015
Cash provided by (used in)(1)
 

 
 

Operating activities
$
(27.9
)
 
$
(17.0
)
Investing activities
(8.6
)
 
(7.2
)
Financing activities
(28.8
)
 
(27.0
)
 
 
(1)
Cash flow data shown only includes cash flows from continuing operations.
Our short-term uses of cash include compensation and general and administrative expenses for our Boston-based office. We may use any retained cash to invest in our business.


45

Comparison for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015
Net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations increased $10.9 million, from net cash used of $17.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to net cash used of $27.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, driven primarily by higher net income in 2015 and higher payments against accrued incentive compensation in 2016. Net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations increased $1.4 million, from $7.2 million used for the three months ended March 31, 2015 (excluding the impact of de-consolidation of Funds) to $8.6 million used for the three months ended March 31, 2016, driven primarily by higher purchases of investment securities. Net cash used in financing activities of continuing operations increased $1.8 million, from $27.0 million used for the three months ended March 31, 2015 to $28.8 million used for the three months ended March 31, 2016, due to payments made on our revolving credit facility related to the repurchase of our ordinary shares.
Future Capital Needs
We believe that our available cash and cash equivalents to be generated from operations, supplemented by short-term and long-term financing, as necessary, will be sufficient to fund current operations and capital requirements for at least the next twelve months. Our ability to secure short-term and long-term financing in the future will depend on several factors, including our future profitability, our relative levels of debt and equity and the overall condition of the credit markets. We continuously monitor the public debt markets and consider opportunities to benefit from long-term financing at attractive rates.


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Long-Term Debt
The following table summarizes our financing arrangements: 
 
 
Amounts outstanding at
 
 
 
 
($ in millions)
 
3/31/2016
 
12/31/2015
 
Interest rate
 
Maturity
Long-term debt of OMAM
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Third party obligations:
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Revolving credit facility
 
$
85.0

 
$
90.0

 
LIBOR + 1.25% plus 0.20% commitment fee
 
October 15, 2019
Total long-term debt
 
$
85.0

 
$
90.0

 
 
 
 
On October 15, 2014, we entered into a revolving credit facility with Citibank, as administrative agent and issuing bank, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated as joint lead arrangers and joint book runners (the “Credit Facility”). Pursuant to the terms of the Credit Facility, we may obtain loans on a revolving credit basis and procure the issuance of letters of credit in an aggregate amount at any time outstanding not in excess of $350 million.  The Credit Facility has a maturity date of October 15, 2019.  Borrowings under the facility will bear interest, at our option, at either the per annum rate equal to (a) the greatest of (i) the prime rate, (ii) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.5% and (iii) the one month Adjusted LIBO Rate plus 1.0%, plus, in each case an additional amount ranging from 0.25% to 1.00%, with such additional amount being based from time to time on the ratio of our total consolidated indebtedness to Adjusted EBITDA (a “Leverage Ratio”) until either Moody’s Investor Service, Inc. or Standard & Poor’s has assigned an initial rating to our senior, unsecured long-term indebtedness for borrowed money that is not subject to credit enhancement, or our credit rating, at which time such additional amount will be based on our credit rating or (b) the London interbank offered rate for a period, at our election, equal to one, two, three or six months plus an additional amount ranging from 1.25% to 2.00%, with such additional amount being based from time to time on our Leverage Ratio until we have been assigned a credit rating, at which time such additional amount will be based on our credit rating. In addition, we will be charged a commitment fee based on the average daily unused portion of the revolving credit facility at a per annum rate ranging from 0.20% to 0.50%, with such amount being based from time to time on our Leverage Ratio until we have been assigned a credit rating, at which time such amount will be based on our credit rating. Under the Credit Facility, the ratio of third-party borrowings to trailing twelve months Adjusted EBITDA cannot exceed 3.0x, and the Interest Coverage Ratio must not be less than 4.0x.  As we are yet to receive a public credit rating and in accordance with terms of the Credit Facility an interest rate of LIBOR plus a margin of 1.25% and commitment fee rate of 0.20% is being charged.  At March 31, 2016, our ratio of third-party borrowings to trailing twelve months Adjusted EBITDA was 0.4x.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
There have been no additional updates or changes to our critical accounting policies from those disclosed as of December 31, 2015 in our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2016.



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Forward Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements, as that term is used in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including information relating to anticipated growth in revenues, margins or earnings, anticipated changes in our business, anticipated future performance of our business, anticipated future investment performance of our Affiliates, our expected future net cash flows, our anticipated expense levels, changes in expense, the expected effects of acquisitions and expectations regarding market conditions. The words or phrases “will likely result,” “are expected to,” “will continue,” “is anticipated,” “can be,” “may be,” “aim to,” “may affect,” “may depend,” “intends,” “expects,” “believes,” “estimate,” “project,” and other similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to various known and unknown risks and uncertainties and we caution readers that any forward-looking information provided by or on behalf of us is not a guarantee of future performance.
Actual results may differ materially from those in forward-looking information as a result of various factors, some of which are beyond our control, including but not limited to those discussed above and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2016. Due to such risks and uncertainties and other factors, we caution each person receiving such forward-looking information not to place undue reliance on such statements. Further, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and we undertake no obligations to update any forward looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.



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Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Market Risk
Our exposure to market risk is directly related to the role of our Affiliates as asset managers. Substantially all of our investment management revenues are derived from our Affiliates’ agreements with their clients. Under these agreements, the revenues we receive are based on the value of our assets under management or the investment performance on client accounts for which we earn performance fees. Accordingly, our revenues and net income may decline as a result of our assets under management decreasing due to depreciation of our investment portfolios. In addition, such depreciation could cause our clients to withdraw their funds in favor of investments offering higher returns or lower risk, which would cause our revenues and net income to decline further.
Our model for assessing the impact of market risk on our results uses March 31, 2016 ending AUM and management fee rates as the basis for management fee revenue calculations. With respect to performance fee revenue, we assume that relative investment performance remains the same as it was on March 31, 2016. Therefore, market-driven changes in performance fees, which are typically based on relative performance versus market indices, reflect changes in the underlying AUM used in the calculation rather than differences in relative performance as a result of a changed market environment. The basis for the analysis is performance fees earned for the twelve months ended March 31, 2016, excluding the non-recurring performance fee.
Our profit sharing economic structure results in a sharing of market risk between us and our employees. Approximately 50% of our ENI cost structure is variable, representing variable compensation and Affiliate key employee distributions. These variable expenses generally are linked in a formulaic manner to the profitability of the business after covering operating expenses, which include base compensation and benefits, general and administrative expenses, and depreciation and amortization. In modeling the impact of market risk, we assume that these operating expenses remain unchanged, but the resulting impact on profit driven by increases or decreases in revenue will change variable compensation and Affiliate key employee distributions in line with their formulaic calculations. Any change in pre-tax profit is tax-effected at our statutory combined state and federal rate of 40.2% to calculate profit after tax.
The value of our assets under management was $218.0 billion as of March 31, 2016. A 10% increase or decrease in the value of our assets under management, if proportionally distributed over all of our investment strategies, asset classes and client relationships, would cause an annualized increase or decrease in our gross management fee revenues of approximately $75.6 million based on our current weighted average fee rate of 34.7 basis points, including equity-accounted Affiliates. Approximately $61.5 billion, or 28%, of our AUM, including equity-accounted Affiliates, are in accounts subject to performance fees. Of these assets, approximately 75% are in accounts for which performance fees, or management fee adjustments, are calculated based on investment return that differs from the relative benchmark returns. Assuming the market change does not impact our relative performance, a 10% increase or decrease in AUM would have approximately a $1.0 million impact to our gross performance fees based on our trailing twelve month performance fees of $10.1 million as of March 31, 2016. The combined impact on our management fees and performance fees would have a direct impact on our earnings and result in an annual change of approximately $25.0 million in our post-tax economic net income, given our current cost structure and operating model.
Equity market risk, interest rate risk, and foreign currency risk are the market risks that could have the greatest impact on our management fees, performance fees and our business profitability. Impacts on our management and performance fees can be calculated based on the percentage of AUM constituting equity investments, fixed income investments, or foreign currency denominated investments, respectively, multiplied by the relevant weighted average management fee and performance fee attributable to that asset class.
•
Our equity markets-based AUM includes U.S. equities (including small cap through large cap securities and substantially value or blended investment styles; excluding REITS) and global/non-U.S. equities (including global, non-U.S. and emerging markets securities). A 10% increase or decrease in equity markets would cause our $166.9 billion of equity assets under management to increase or decrease by $16.7 billion, resulting in a


49

change in annualized management fee revenue of $57.1 million and an annual change in post-tax economic net income of approximately $19.1 million, given our current cost structure, operating model, and weighted average equity fee rates of 34 basis points at the mix of strategies as of March 31, 2016. Approximately $43.5 billion, or 26%, of our equity markets-based AUM are in accounts subject to performance fees. Of these assets, approximately 99% are in accounts for which performance fees, or management fee adjustments, are calculated based on investment return that differs from the relative benchmark returns. Assuming the market change does not impact our relative performance, a 10% change in equity markets would have an approximate incremental $0.1 million impact from performance fees on our post-tax economic net income, given our current cost structure and operating model.
•
Foreign currency AUM includes equity and alternative assets denominated in foreign currencies. A 10% increase or decrease in foreign exchange rates against the U.S. dollar would cause our $76.7 billion of foreign currency denominated AUM to increase or decrease by $7.7 billion, resulting in a change in annualized management fee revenue of $34.7 million and an annual change in post-tax economic net income of $12.1 million, based on weighted average fees earned on our foreign currency denominated AUM of 45 basis points at the mix of strategies as of March 31, 2016. Approximately $12.0 billion, or 16%, of our foreign currency denominated AUM are in accounts subject to performance fees. Of these assets, approximately 65% are in accounts for which performance fees, or management fee adjustments, are calculated based on investment return that differs from the relative benchmark returns. Assuming the market change does not impact our relative performance, a 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates would have an approximate incremental $0.5 million impact from performance fees on our post-tax economic net income, given our current cost structure and operating model.
•
Fixed income AUM includes instruments in government bonds, corporate bonds and other fixed income investments in the United States. A change in interest rates, resulting in a 10% increase or decrease in the value of our total fixed income AUM of $14.1 billion, would cause AUM to rise or fall by approximately $1.4 billion. Based on our fixed income weighted average fee rates of 21 basis points, annualized management fees would change by $2.9 million and post-tax economic net income would change by $0.9 million annually. A change in interest rates would also impact interest expense on our $85.0 million of third party floating rate debt which is outstanding following the Reorganization and the Offering.  Interest paid on our debt would go up or down by $0.9 million if interest rates increased or decreased by 100 basis points. There are currently no material fixed income assets earning performance fees as of the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2016.
Our investment income primarily represents investments in Affiliates accounted for under the equity method. Exposure to market risks for Affiliates accounted for under the equity method is immaterial and is included in the analysis above.
While the analysis above assumes that market changes occur in a uniform manner across the relevant portfolio, because of our declining fee rates for larger relationships and differences in our fee rates across asset classes, a change in the composition of our assets under management, in particular an increase in the proportion of our total assets under management attributable to strategies, clients or relationships with lower effective fee rates, could have a material negative impact on our overall weighted average fee rate.
As is customary in the asset management industry, clients invest in particular strategies to gain exposure to certain asset classes, which exposes their investment to the benefits and risks of such asset classes. We have not adopted a corporate-level risk management policy regarding client assets, nor have we attempted to hedge at the corporate level or within individual strategies the market risks that would affect the value of our overall assets under management and related revenues. Any reduction in the value of our assets under management would result in a reduction in our revenues.



50

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures.
Controls and Procedures
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) at March 31, 2016. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2016 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.



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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.         Legal Proceedings.
From time to time, we and our Affiliates may be parties to various claims, suits and complaints in the ordinary course of our business. Although the amount of liability that may result from these matters cannot be ascertained, we do not currently believe that, in the aggregate, they will result in liabilities material to our consolidated financial condition, future results of operations or cash flow.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2016, under the heading “Risk Factors.” Our evaluation of risk factors has not changed materially since those discussed in the Annual Report.
 
Item 2.         Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
The following table sets out information regarding purchases of equity securities by the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2016:
Period
 
Total number of shares purchased
 
Average price paid per share
 
Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs
 
Approximate dollar value that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs(1)
(in millions)
January 1-31, 2016
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

February 1-29, 2016
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

March 1-31, 2016
 
300,983

 
$
12.64

 
300,983

 
$
146.2

Total
 
300,983

 
12.64

 
300,983

 
 
 
 
(1) On February 3, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a $150.0 million share repurchase program, which was approved by shareholders on March 15, 2016. We repurchased 0.3 million shares during the three months ended March 31, 2016. As of March 31, 2016, $146.2 million remained available to repurchase shares under the February 2016 program. On April 29, 2016, at the Company’s Annual General Meeting, shareholders (excluding Old Mutual plc) authorized a form of contract by which OMAM would be permitted to repurchase shares directly from Old Mutual plc.


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Item 6.         Exhibits.
Exhibit No.

 
Description
 

 
 
3.1

 
Memorandum of Association, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registration Statement No. 333-197106 on Form S-1 filed on September 8, 2014.
 

 
 
3.2

 
Articles of Association, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 5, 2015.
 

 
 
4.1

 
Specimen Ordinary Share Certificate, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registration Statement No. 333-197106 on Form S-1 filed on September 18, 2014.
 
 
 
4.2

 
Form of Senior or Subordinated Indenture, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement No. 333-207781 on Form S-3 filed on November 4, 2015.
 

 
 
10.1

 
Revolving Credit Agreement, dated October 15, 2014, by and among OM Asset Management plc, certain lenders, and Citibank N.A., as administrative agent, with Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as joint book runners and joint lead arrangers, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 20, 2014.
 

 
 
10.2

 
Employment Agreement with Peter L. Bain, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Registration Statement No. 333-197106 on Form S-1 filed on September 8, 2014.
 

 
 
10.3

 
Employment Agreement with Linda T. Gibson, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Registration Statement No. 333-197106 on Form S-1 filed on September 8, 2014.
 

 
 
10.4

 
OM Asset Management plc Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Registration Statement No. 333-197106 on Form S-1 filed on September 8, 2014.
 

 
 
10.5

 
Seed Capital Management Agreement, dated October 8, 2014, by and among Old Mutual (US) Holdings Inc., Old Mutual plc and certain of its affiliates, Millpencil Limited, Millpencil (U.S.) LP, and MPL (UK) Limited, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 20, 2014.
 

 
 
10.6

 
Co-Investment Deed, dated October 8, 2014, by and between OM Asset Management plc and OM Group (UK) Limited, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 20, 2014.
 

 
 
10.7

 
Intellectual Property License Agreement, dated October 8, 2014, by and among OM Asset Management plc, Old Mutual plc, and Old Mutual Life Assurance Company (South Africa) Ltd., incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 20, 2014.
 

 
 
10.8

 
Deferred Tax Asset Deed, dated October 8, 2014, by and between OM Asset Management plc and OM Group (UK) Limited, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 20, 2014.
 

 
 


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10.9

 
Registration Rights Agreement, dated October 8, 2014, by and among OM Asset Management plc, Old Mutual plc, and OM Group (UK) Limited, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 20, 2014.
 

 
 
10.10

 
Shareholder Agreement, dated October 8, 2014, by and between OM Asset Management plc and Old Mutual plc, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 20, 2014.
 

 
 
10.11

 
Form of Deed of Indemnity for Directors, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Registration Statement No. 333-197106 on Form S-1 filed on September 8, 2014.
 
 
 
10.12

 
Limited Liability Company Agreement of Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC, effective January 12, 2010, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Registration Statement No. 333-197106 on Form S-1 filed on September 8, 2014.
 

 
 
10.13

 
Sixth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Acadian Asset Management LLC, effective March 14, 2016, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2016.
 

 
 
10.14

 
OM Asset Management plc Non-Employee Directors’ Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to Registration Statement No. 333-197106 on Form S-1 filed on September 8, 2014.
 

 
 
10.15

 
Form of Management Registration Rights Agreement, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to Registration Statement No. 333-197106 on Form S-1 filed on September 10, 2014.
 

 
 
10.16

 
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Employees, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to Registration Statement No. 333-197106 on Form S-1 filed on September 8, 2014.
 

 
 
10.17

 
Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement for Employees, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to Registration Statement No. 333-197106 on Form S-1 filed on September 8, 2014.
 

 
 
10.18

 
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Non-Employee Directors, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to Registration Statement No. 333-197106 on Form S-1 filed on September 18, 2014.
 

 
 
10.19

 
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Canadian Employees, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to Registration Statement No. 333-197106 on Form S-1 filed on September 18, 2014.
 

 
 
10.20

 
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Hong Kong Employees, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to Registration Statement No. 333-197106 on Form S-1 filed on September 18, 2014.
 

 
 
10.21

 
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for U.K. Employees, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to Registration Statement No. 333-197106 on Form S-1 filed on September 18, 2014.
 

 
 
10.22

 
Form of Deed poll Instrument, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to Registration Statement No. 333-197106 on Form S-1 filed on October 6, 2014.


54

 
 
 
10.23

 
First Amendment to the Seed Capital Management Agreement, dated December 31, 2014, by and among Old Mutual (US) Holdings Inc., together with its successors; Old Mutual plc and certain of its affiliates, Millpencil Limited, Millpencil (US) LP, and MLP (UK) Limited, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to Form 10-K filed on March 30, 2015.
 

 
 
31.1*

 
Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 

 
 
31.2*

 
Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 

 
 
32.1*

 
Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 

 
 
32.2*

 
Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 

 
 
101*

 
Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, and (vi) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
* Filed herewith


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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
OM Asset Management plc
 
 
 
Dated:
May 10, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Peter L. Bain
 
 
 
Peter L. Bain
President and Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Stephen H. Belgrad
 
 
 
Stephen H. Belgrad Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)



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BrightSphere Investment Group plc Reports