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EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - PRESIDENT AND CEO 302 CERTIFICATION - Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moinesexhibit311march312016.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - CFO 302 CERTIFICATION - Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moinesexhibit312march312016.htm
EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - PRESIDENT AND CEO 906 CERTIFICATION - Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moinesexhibit321march312016.htm
EX-32.2 - EXHIBIT 32.2 - CFO 906 CERTIFICATION - Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moinesexhibit322march312016.htm
 
 
 
 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
 
 
x
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016
OR
 
o
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 

Commission File Number: 000-51999
 

FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DES MOINES
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Federally chartered corporation
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
42-6000149
(I.R.S. employer identification number)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Skywalk Level
801 Walnut Street, Suite 200
Des Moines, IA
(Address of principal executive offices)
 


50309
(Zip code)
 

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (515) 281-1000
 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o
 
Accelerated filer o
 
Non-accelerated filer x
 
Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

o Yes x No
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
 
 
Shares outstanding as of April 30, 2016
 
Class B Stock, par value $100
 
54,495,936
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 




Table of Contents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 15 - Activities with Stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 16 - Activities with Other FHLBanks
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 17 - Subsequent Events
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DES MOINES
STATEMENTS OF CONDITION
(dollars and shares in millions, except capital stock par value)
(Unaudited)
 
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
 
$
242

 
$
982

Interest-bearing deposits
 
2

 
2

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
9,000

 
6,775

Federal funds sold
 
4,350

 
2,270

Investment securities
 
 
 
 
Trading securities (Note 3)
 
5,672

 
4,047

Available-for-sale securities (Note 4)
 
21,019

 
20,988

Held-to-maturity securities (fair value of $5,712 and $6,142) (Note 5)
 
5,623

 
6,085

Total investment securities
 
32,314

 
31,120

Advances (includes $2 and $8 at fair value under the fair value option) (Note 7)
 
101,157

 
89,173

Mortgage loans held for portfolio, net of allowance for credit losses of $1 and $1 (Notes 8 and 9)
 
6,667

 
6,755

Accrued interest receivable
 
171

 
143

Premises, software, and equipment, net
 
27

 
25

Derivative assets, net (Note 10)
 
93

 
94

Other assets
 
33

 
35

TOTAL ASSETS
 
$
154,056

 
$
137,374

LIABILITIES
 
 
 
 
Deposits
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing
 
$
911

 
$
924

Non-interest-bearing
 
91

 
186

Total deposits
 
1,002

 
1,110

Consolidated obligations (Note 11)
 
 
 
 
Discount notes
 
103,699

 
98,990

Bonds (includes $15 and $15 at fair value under the fair value option)
 
42,459

 
31,208

Total consolidated obligations
 
146,158

 
130,198

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock (Note 12)
 
732

 
103

Accrued interest payable
 
136

 
119

Affordable Housing Program payable
 
79

 
62

Derivative liabilities, net (Note 10)
 
112

 
102

Other liabilities
 
201

 
55

TOTAL LIABILITIES
 
148,420

 
131,749

Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
 

 

CAPITAL (Note 12)
 
 
 
 
Capital stock - Class B putable ($100 par value); 46 and 47 issued and outstanding shares
 
4,607

 
4,714

Additional capital from merger
 
163

 
194

Retained earnings
 
 
 
 
Unrestricted
 
849

 
700

Restricted
 
139

 
101

Total retained earnings
 
988

 
801

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(122
)
 
(84
)
TOTAL CAPITAL
 
5,636

 
5,625

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL
 
$
154,056

 
$
137,374

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

3


FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DES MOINES
STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(dollars in millions)
(Unaudited)

 
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
 
March 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
INTEREST INCOME
 
 
 
 
Advances
 
$
169

 
$
66

Prepayment fees on advances, net
 
4

 
1

Interest-bearing deposits
 
1

 

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
4

 
1

Federal funds sold
 
4

 
1

Trading securities
 
12

 
9

Available-for-sale securities
 
56

 
31

Held-to-maturity securities
 
21

 
8

Mortgage loans held for portfolio
 
61

 
59

Total interest income
 
332

 
176

INTEREST EXPENSE
 
 
 
 
Consolidated obligations - Discount notes
 
109

 
15

Consolidated obligations - Bonds
 
116

 
93

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
 
4

 

Total interest expense
 
229

 
108

NET INTEREST INCOME
 
103

 
68

OTHER INCOME (LOSS)
 
 
 
 
Net gains (losses) on trading securities
 
35

 
19

Net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities
 
(43
)
 
(31
)
Gains on litigation settlements, net
 
137

 

Other, net
 
3

 
3

Total other income (loss)
 
132

 
(9
)
OTHER EXPENSE
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
 
14

 
10

Contractual services
 
3

 
1

Professional fees
 
1

 
1

Merger related expenses
 

 
2

Other operating expenses
 
4

 
3

Federal Housing Finance Agency
 
2

 
1

Office of Finance
 
2

 
1

Other, net
 
1

 
1

Total other expense
 
27

 
20

NET INCOME BEFORE ASSESSMENTS
 
208

 
39

Affordable Housing Program assessments
 
21

 
4

NET INCOME
 
$
187

 
$
35

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

4



FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DES MOINES
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(dollars in millions)
(Unaudited)

 
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
 
March 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
Net income
 
$
187

 
$
35

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities
 
(37
)
 
7

Pension and postretirement benefits
 
(1
)
 

Total other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(38
)
 
7

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
 
$
149

 
$
42

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.




5


FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DES MOINES
STATEMENTS OF CAPITAL
(dollars and shares in millions)
(Unaudited)

 
 
Capital Stock Class B (putable)
 
Additional Capital from Merger
 
 
Shares
 
Par Value
 
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2014
 
35

 
$
3,469

 
$

Proceeds from issuance of capital stock
 
4

 
412

 

Repurchases/redemptions of capital stock
 
(5
)
 
(452
)
 

Net shares reclassified (to) from mandatorily redeemable capital stock
 

 
(1
)
 

Comprehensive income (loss)
 

 

 

Cash dividends on capital stock
 

 

 

BALANCE, MARCH 31, 2015
 
34

 
$
3,428

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2015
 
47

 
$
4,714

 
$
194

Proceeds from issuance of capital stock
 
16

 
1,616

 

Repurchases/redemptions of capital stock
 
(10
)
 
(993
)
 

Net shares reclassified (to) from mandatorily redeemable capital stock
 
(7
)
 
(730
)
 

Comprehensive income (loss)
 

 

 

Cash dividends on capital stock
 

 

 
(31
)
BALANCE, MARCH 31, 2016
 
46

 
$
4,607

 
$
163

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

































6


FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DES MOINES
STATEMENTS OF CAPITAL (continued from previous page)
(dollars and shares in millions)
(Unaudited)

 
 
Retained Earnings
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Total
Capital
 
 
Unrestricted
 
Restricted
 
Total
 
 
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2014
 
$
645

 
$
75

 
$
720

 
$
123

 
$
4,312

Proceeds from issuance of capital stock
 

 

 

 

 
412

Repurchases/redemptions of capital stock
 

 

 

 

 
(452
)
Net shares reclassified (to) from mandatorily redeemable capital stock
 

 

 

 

 
(1
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
 
28

 
7

 
35

 
7

 
42

Cash dividends on capital stock
 
(26
)
 

 
(26
)
 

 
(26
)
BALANCE, MARCH 31, 2015
 
$
647

 
$
82

 
$
729

 
$
130

 
$
4,287

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2015
 
$
700

 
$
101

 
$
801

 
$
(84
)
 
$
5,625

Proceeds from issuance of capital stock
 

 

 

 

 
1,616

Repurchases/redemptions of capital stock
 

 

 

 

 
(993
)
Net shares reclassified (to) from mandatorily redeemable capital stock
 

 

 

 

 
(730
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
 
149

 
38

 
187

 
(38
)
 
149

Cash dividends on capital stock
 

 

 

 

 
(31
)
BALANCE, MARCH 31, 2016
 
$
849

 
$
139

 
$
988

 
$
(122
)
 
$
5,636

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


7


FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DES MOINES
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(dollars in millions)
(Unaudited)

 
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
 
March 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
187

 
$
35

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
51

 
2

Net (gains) losses on trading securities
 
(35
)
 
(19
)
Net change in derivatives and hedging activities
 
24

 
22

Other adjustments
 
(7
)
 

Net change in:
 
 
 
 
Accrued interest receivable
 
(33
)
 
(10
)
Other assets
 
2

 
1

Accrued interest payable
 
17

 
13

Other liabilities
 
12

 

Total adjustments
 
31

 
9

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
 
218

 
44

INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
Net change in:
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
 
(347
)
 
(118
)
Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
(2,225
)
 
(4,079
)
Federal funds sold
 
(2,080
)
 
280

Premises, software, and equipment
 
(3
)
 
(2
)
Trading securities
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from maturities of long-term
 
8

 
7

Purchases of long-term
 
(1,597
)
 

Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from sales and maturities of long-term
 
705

 
241

Purchases of long-term
 
(337
)
 
(697
)
Held-to-maturity securities
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from sales and maturities of long-term
 
457

 
108

Advances
 
 
 
 
Principal collected
 
46,136

 
19,139

Originated
 
(57,995
)
 
(17,500
)
Mortgage loans held for portfolio
 
 
 
 
Principal collected
 
250

 
275

Originated or purchased
 
(168
)
 
(261
)
Proceeds from sales of foreclosed assets
 
4

 
2

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
 
(17,192
)
 
(2,605
)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

8


FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DES MOINES
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued from previous page)
(dollars in millions)
(Unaudited)

 
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
 
March 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
 
Net change in deposits
 
(108
)
 
205

Net payments on derivative contracts with financing elements
 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Net proceeds from issuance of consolidated obligations
 
 
 
 
Discount notes
 
74,729

 
61,116

Bonds
 
18,717

 
7,927

Payments for maturing and retiring consolidated obligations
 
 
 
 
Discount notes
 
(70,073
)
 
(58,470
)
Bonds
 
(7,520
)
 
(8,301
)
Proceeds from issuance of capital stock
 
1,616

 
412

Payments for repurchases/redemptions of capital stock
 
(993
)
 
(452
)
Net payments for repurchases/redemptions of mandatorily redeemable capital stock
 
(101
)
 
(1
)
Cash dividends paid
 
(31
)
 
(26
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
 
16,234

 
2,408

Net increase (decrease) in cash and due from banks
 
(740
)
 
(153
)
Cash and due from banks at beginning of the period
 
982

 
495

Cash and due from banks at end of the period
 
$
242

 
$
342

 
 
 
 
 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES
 
 
 
 
Cash Transactions:
 
 
 
 
Interest paid
 
$
371

 
$
216

Affordable Housing Program payments
 
4

 
1

Non-Cash Transactions:
 
 
 
 
Capitalized interest on reverse mortgage investment securities
 
5

 
4

Traded but not yet settled investment security purchases
 
151

 

Mortgage loan charge-offs
 
1

 
4

Transfers of mortgage loans to real estate owned
 
3

 
2

Capital stock reclassified to mandatorily redeemable capital stock, net
 
730

 
1

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


9


FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DES MOINES
CONDENSED NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Background Information

The Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (the Bank) is a federally chartered corporation organized on October 31, 1932, that is exempt from all federal, state, and local taxation (except real property taxes) and is one of 11 district Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBanks). The FHLBanks were created under the authority of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act of 1932 (FHLBank Act). With the passage of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (Housing Act), the Federal Housing Finance Agency (Finance Agency) was established and became the new independent federal regulator of Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) (collectively, Enterprises), as well as the FHLBanks and FHLBanks' Office of Finance, effective July 30, 2008. The Finance Agency's mission is to ensure that the Enterprises and FHLBanks operate in a safe and sound manner so that they serve as a reliable source of liquidity and funding for housing finance and community investment. The Finance Agency establishes policies and regulations governing the operations of the Enterprises and FHLBanks. Each FHLBank operates as a separate entity with its own management, employees, and board of directors.

The FHLBanks are government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) that serve the public by enhancing the availability of funds for residential mortgages and targeted community development. The Bank provides a readily available source of funding to its member institutions and eligible housing associates in Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, and the U.S. Pacific territories of American Samoa, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Commercial banks, thrifts, credit unions, insurance companies, and community development financial institutions (CDFIs) may apply for membership. State and local housing associates that meet certain statutory criteria may also borrow from the Bank; while eligible to borrow, housing associates are not members of the Bank and, as such, are not permitted to hold capital stock.

The Bank is a cooperative. This means the Bank is owned by its customers, whom the Bank calls members. As a condition of membership in the Bank, all members must purchase and maintain membership capital stock based on a percentage of their total assets, subject to a minimum and maximum amount, as of the preceding December 31st. Each member is also required to purchase and maintain activity-based capital stock to support certain business activities with the Bank.

The Bank's current and former members own all of the outstanding capital stock (including mandatorily redeemable capital stock) of the Bank. Former members own capital stock to support business transactions still carried on the Bank's Statements of Condition. All stockholders, including current and former members, may receive dividends on their capital stock investment to the extent declared by the Bank's Board of Directors.




10


Note 1 — Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015, which are contained in the Bank's 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 21, 2016 (2015 Form 10-K).

In the opinion of management, the unaudited financial information is complete and reflects all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of results for the interim periods. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2016.

On May 31, 2015, the Bank completed the merger (the Merger) with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle (Seattle Bank). The Merger had a significant impact on all aspects of the Bank's financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. As a result, financial results for the current period are not directly comparable to financial results prior to the Merger.

The following unaudited pro forma information has been prepared by adjusting the Bank's historical data to give effect to the Merger as if it had occurred on January 1, 2014 (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 31, 2015
Interest income
$
234

Net income
$
50


The unaudited pro forma financial information was prepared in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting for mutual entities under existing standards and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have occurred if the Merger had been completed on the date indicated, nor is it indicative of the future operating results of the Bank.

CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLE

On January 1, 2016, the Bank retrospectively adopted Accounting Standards Codification Update 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) on April 7, 2015. As a result, $7 million of unamortized concessions included in “Other assets” at December 31, 2015 were reclassified as a reduction in the balance of the corresponding consolidated obligations. The reclassification resulted in a decrease of $4 million in “Consolidated obligation discount notes” and of $3 million in “Consolidated obligation bonds” at December 31, 2015. Accordingly, the Bank’s total assets and total liabilities each decreased by $7 million at December 31, 2015. The adoption of this guidance did not have any effect on the Bank’s results of operations or cash flows. See “Note 2 - Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Guidance” for discussion on this guidance.

RECLASSIFICATIONS

The Bank's 2015 financial statements and footnotes have been reclassified to conform to the presentation for the three months ended March 31, 2016. These amounts were not deemed to be material.

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

There have been no material changes to the Bank’s significant accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2016, with the exception of one policy noted below. Descriptions of all significant accounting policies are included in “Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the 2015 Form 10-K.


11


Concessions. The Bank pays concessions to dealers in connection with the issuance of certain consolidated obligations. The Office of Finance prorates the amount of the concession to each FHLBank based upon the percentage of the debt issued that is attributed to that FHLBank. Concessions paid on consolidated obligations designated under the fair value option are expensed as incurred and recorded in other expense. Concessions paid on consolidated obligations not designated under the fair value option are deferred and amortized over the contractual life of the consolidated obligations using the level-yield method. Unamortized concessions are included as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of “Consolidated obligation discount notes” or “Consolidated obligation bonds” in the Statements of Condition and the amortization of those concessions is included in consolidated obligation interest expense.

Note 2 — Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Guidance

ADOPTED ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE

Effect of Derivative Contract Novations on Existing Hedge Accounting Relationships

On March 10, 2016, the FASB issued amendments to clarify that a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designated as the hedging instrument under GAAP does not, in and of itself, require dedesignation of that hedging relationship provided that all other hedge accounting criteria continue to be met. This guidance becomes effective for the Bank for the interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2017 and early adoption is permitted. The amendments provide entities with the option to apply the guidance using either a prospective approach or a modified retrospective approach. The Bank elected to early adopt this guidance prospectively on January 1, 2016. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Bank’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
 
Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments

On September 25, 2015, the FASB issued guidance to simplify the accounting for measurement-period adjustments recognized in a business combination. This guidance requires that an acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. It also requires that the acquirer present separately on the face of the income statement or disclose in the notes the portion of the amount recorded in current period earnings by line item that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date. This guidance became effective for the Bank beginning on January 1, 2016 and was adopted prospectively. The adoption of this guidance did not have an effect on the Bank’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Cloud Computing Arrangements

On April 15, 2015, the FASB issued amendments to clarify a customer's accounting for fees paid in a cloud computing arrangement. The amendments provide guidance to customers on determining whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license that should be accounted for as internal-use software. If the arrangement does not contain a software license, it would be accounted for as a service contract. This guidance became effective for the Bank beginning on January 1, 2016 and was adopted prospectively. The adoption of this guidance did not effect the Bank’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs

On April 7, 2015, the FASB issued guidance to simplify the presentation of debt issuance costs. This guidance requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented on the statement of condition as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with the presentation of debt discounts. This guidance became effective for the Bank beginning on January 1, 2016 and was adopted on a retrospective basis. The adoption of this guidance resulted in a reclassification of unamortized debt issuance costs from other assets to consolidated obligations on the Bank's Statement of Condition. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on the Bank's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Refer to "Note 1 — Basis of Presentation — Change in Accounting Principle" for additional details on this reclassification.


12


Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis

On February 18, 2015, the FASB issued amended guidance intended to enhance consolidation guidance for legal entities such as limited partnerships, limited liability corporations, and securitization structures (collateralized debt obligations, collateralized loan obligations, and mortgage-backed security transactions). The new guidance primarily focuses on the following:

Placing more emphasis on risk of loss when determining a controlling financial interest. A reporting organization may no longer have to consolidate a legal entity in certain circumstances based solely on its fee arrangement, when certain criteria are met. 

Reducing the frequency of the application of related-party guidance when determining a controlling financial interest in a variable interest entity (VIE).

Changing consolidation conclusions for entities in several industries that typically make use of limited partnerships or VIEs.

This guidance became effective for the Bank beginning on January 1, 2016. The adoption of this guidance did not have an effect on the Bank’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

ISSUED ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE

Contingent Put and Call Options in Debt Instruments

On March 14, 2016, the FASB issued amendments to clarify the requirements for assessing whether contingent call (put) options that can accelerate the payment of principal on debt instruments are clearly and closely related to their debt hosts. The guidance requires entities to apply only the four-step decision sequence when assessing whether the economic characteristics and risks of call (put) options are clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of their debt hosts. Consequently, when a call (put) option is contingently exercisable, an entity does not have to assess whether the event that triggers the ability to exercise a call (put) option is related to interest rates or credit risks. This guidance becomes effective for the Bank for the interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2017, and early adoption is permitted. The guidance should be applied on a modified retrospective basis to existing debt instruments as of the beginning of the period for which the amendments are effective. The Bank is in the process of evaluating this guidance, and its effect on the Bank's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows is not expected to be material.
Leases

On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued guidance which requires recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the statement of condition and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. Specifically, this guidance requires a lessee, of operating or finance leases, to recognize on the statement of condition a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. Under previous GAAP, a lessee was not required to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities arising from operating leases on the statement of condition. While this guidance does not fundamentally change lessor accounting, some changes have been made to align that guidance with the lessee guidance and other areas within GAAP.

The guidance becomes effective for the Bank for the interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2019, and early application is permitted. The guidance requires lessors and lessees to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented in the financial statements using a modified retrospective approach. The Bank is in the process of evaluating this guidance, and its anticipated effect on the Bank's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows has not yet been determined.


13


Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

On January 5, 2016, FASB issued amended guidance on certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. This guidance includes, but is not limited to, the following:

Requires equity investments (with certain exceptions) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income.

Requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments.

Requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (that is, securities or loans and receivables) on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements.

Eliminates the requirement for public entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet.

The guidance becomes effective for the Bank for the interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2018, and early adoption is only permitted for certain provisions. The amendments, in general, should be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Bank is in the process of evaluating this guidance, and its effect on the Bank's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows is not expected to be material.

Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

On August 27, 2014, the FASB issued guidance about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. This guidance requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued or within one year after the financial statements are available to be issued, when applicable. Substantial doubt exists if it is probable that the entity will be unable to meet its obligations for the assessed period. This guidance becomes effective for the Bank for the annual period ending December 31, 2016 and for the annual and interim periods thereafter, and early application is permitted. This guidance is not expected to have an effect on the Bank's financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or financial statement disclosures.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

On May 28, 2014, the FASB issued guidance on revenue from contracts with customers. This guidance outlines a single comprehensive model for recognizing revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance. In addition, this guidance amends the existing requirements for the recognition of a gain or loss on the transfer of non-financial assets that are not in a contract with a customer. This guidance applies to all contracts with customers except those that are within the scope of certain other standards, such as financial instruments, certain guarantees, insurance contracts, and lease contracts. The guidance provides entities with the option of using either of the following adoption methods: a full retrospective method, retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented; or a modified retrospective method, retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying this guidance recognized at the date of initial application. The Bank is in the process of evaluating this guidance, and its effect on the Bank's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows is not expected to be material.

On August 12, 2015, the FASB issued an amendment to defer the effective date of this guidance issued in May 2014 by one year. In 2016, the FASB has issued additional amendments to clarify certain aspects of the new revenue guidance. However, the amendments do not change the core principle in the new revenue standard. The guidance is effective for the Bank for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2018. Early application is permitted only as of the interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016.


14


Note 3 — Trading Securities

MAJOR SECURITY TYPES

Trading securities were as follows (dollars in millions):
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Non-mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury obligations1
$
1,598

 
$

Other U.S. obligations1
237

 
237

GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations
3,081

 
3,077

Other2
286

 
276

     Total non-mortgage-backed securities
5,202

 
3,590

Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
GSE multifamily
470

 
457

Total fair value
$
5,672

 
$
4,047


1
Represents investment securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.

2
Consists of taxable municipal bonds.

NET GAINS (LOSSES) ON TRADING SECURITIES

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Bank recorded net holding gains of $35 million on its trading securities compared to net holding gains of $19 million for the same period in 2015. The Bank did not sell any trading securities during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.

Note 4 — Available-for-Sale Securities

MAJOR SECURITY TYPES

Available-for-sale (AFS) securities were as follows (dollars in millions):
 
March 31, 2016
 
Amortized
Cost
1
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 

Fair
Value
Non-mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations2
$
3,934

 
$
3

 
$
(31
)
 
$
3,906

GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations
1,887

 
14

 
(29
)
 
1,872

State or local housing agency obligations
1,047

 

 
(1
)
 
1,046

Other3
288

 
3

 
(1
)
 
290

Total non-mortgage-backed securities
7,156

 
20

 
(62
)
 
7,114

Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations single-family2
2,576

 

 
(30
)
 
2,546

GSE single-family
1,519

 
16

 

 
1,535

GSE multifamily
9,887

 
39

 
(102
)
 
9,824

Total mortgage-backed securities
13,982

 
55

 
(132
)
 
13,905

Total
$
21,138

 
$
75

 
$
(194
)
 
$
21,019


1
Amortized cost includes adjustments made to the cost basis of an investment for accretion, amortization, and/or fair value hedge accounting adjustments.

2
Represents investment securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.

3
Consists of taxable municipal bonds and Private Export Funding Corporation (PEFCO) bonds.

15


AFS securities were as follows (dollars in millions):
 
December 31, 2015
 
Amortized
Cost
1
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 

Fair
Value
Non-mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations2
$
4,010

 
$
4

 
$
(29
)
 
$
3,985

GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations
2,124

 
14

 
(23
)
 
2,115

State or local housing agency obligations
1,048

 

 
(1
)
 
1,047

Other3
276

 
4

 
(2
)
 
278

Total non-mortgage-backed securities
7,458

 
22

 
(55
)
 
7,425

Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations single-family2
2,284

 

 
(14
)
 
2,270

GSE single-family
1,593

 
13

 
(1
)
 
1,605

GSE multifamily
9,735

 
36

 
(83
)
 
9,688

Total mortgage-backed securities
13,612

 
49

 
(98
)
 
13,563

Total
$
21,070

 
$
71

 
$
(153
)
 
$
20,988


1
Amortized cost includes adjustments made to the cost basis of an investment for accretion, amortization, and/or fair value hedge accounting adjustments.

2
Represents investment securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.

3
Consists of taxable municipal bonds and/or PEFCO bonds.


UNREALIZED LOSSES

The following table summarizes AFS securities with unrealized losses by major security type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position (dollars in millions). In cases where the gross unrealized losses for an investment category are less than $1 million, the losses are not reported.
 
March 31, 2016
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
Non-mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations2
$
3,576

 
$
(31
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
3,576

 
$
(31
)
GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations
1,457

 
(29
)
 

 

 
1,457

 
(29
)
State or local housing agency obligations
746

 
(1
)
 

 

 
746

 
(1
)
Other1
101

 
(1
)
 

 

 
101

 
(1
)
Total non-mortgage-backed securities
5,880

 
(62
)
 

 

 
5,880

 
(62
)
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations single-family2
2,546

 
(30
)
 

 

 
2,546

 
(30
)
GSE single-family
111

 

 
30

 

 
141

 

GSE multifamily
6,882

 
(77
)
 
1,150

 
(25
)
 
8,032

 
(102
)
Total mortgage-backed securities
9,539

 
(107
)
 
1,180

 
(25
)
 
10,719

 
(132
)
Total
$
15,419

 
$
(169
)
 
$
1,180

 
$
(25
)
 
$
16,599

 
$
(194
)

1
Consists of taxable municipal bonds and/or PEFCO bonds.

2
Represents investment securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.




16


The following table summarizes AFS securities with unrealized losses by major security type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position (dollars in millions). In cases where the gross unrealized losses for an investment category are less than $1 million, the losses are not reported.
 
December 31, 2015
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
Non-mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations2
$
3,645

 
$
(29
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
3,645

 
$
(29
)
GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations
1,701

 
(23
)
 

 

 
1,701

 
(23
)
State or local housing agency obligations
555

 
(1
)
 
6

 

 
561

 
(1
)
Other1
97

 
(2
)
 

 

 
97

 
(2
)
Total non-mortgage-backed securities
5,998

 
(55
)
 
6

 

 
6,004

 
(55
)
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations single-family2
2,270

 
(14
)
 

 

 
2,270

 
(14
)
GSE single-family
277

 
(1
)
 
33

 

 
310

 
(1
)
GSE multifamily
8,166

 
(66
)
 
926

 
(17
)
 
9,092

 
(83
)
Total mortgage-backed securities
10,713

 
(81
)
 
959

 
(17
)
 
11,672

 
(98
)
Total
$
16,711

 
$
(136
)
 
$
965

 
$
(17
)
 
$
17,676

 
$
(153
)

1
Consists of taxable municipal bonds and/or PEFCO bonds.

2
Represents investment securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.

CONTRACTUAL MATURITY

The following table summarizes AFS securities by contractual maturity. Expected maturities of some securities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment fees (dollars in millions):
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Year of Contractual Maturity
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
Non-mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due in one year or less
 
$
207

 
$
209

 
$
430

 
$
431

Due after one year through five years
 
897

 
905

 
968

 
978

Due after five years through ten years
 
4,771

 
4,741

 
4,664

 
4,637

Due after ten years
 
1,281

 
1,259

 
1,396

 
1,379

Total non-mortgage-backed securities
 
7,156

 
7,114

 
7,458

 
7,425

Mortgage-backed securities
 
13,982

 
13,905

 
13,612

 
13,563

Total
 
$
21,138

 
$
21,019

 
$
21,070

 
$
20,988


NET GAINS (LOSSES) FROM SALE OF AFS SECURITIES

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Bank received $287 million in proceeds from the sale of AFS securities and recognized gross gains of less than $1 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Bank did not sell any AFS securities.

PREPAYMENT FEES

Prepayment fees on AFS securities are recorded as interest income in the Statements of Income. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, AFS mortgage-backed securities (MBS) were prepaid and the Bank received $3 million in prepayment fees, which were offset in part by fair value hedging adjustment and discount amortization of $1 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Bank did not receive any prepayment fees on AFS securities.


17


Note 5 — Held-to-Maturity Securities

MAJOR SECURITY TYPES

Held-to-maturity (HTM) securities were as follows (dollars in millions):
 
March 31, 2016
 
Amortized
Cost
1
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Non-mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations
$
400

 
$
74

 
$

 
$
474

State or local housing agency obligations
761

 
11

 

 
772

Total non-mortgage-backed securities
1,161

 
85

 

 
1,246

Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations single-family2
40

 

 

 
40

Other U.S. obligations commercial2
5

 

 

 
5

GSE single-family
4,398

 
9

 
(4
)
 
4,403

Private-label residential
19

 

 
(1
)
 
18

Total mortgage-backed securities
4,462

 
9

 
(5
)
 
4,466

Total
$
5,623

 
$
94

 
$
(5
)
 
$
5,712


 
December 31, 2015
 
Amortized
Cost
1
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Non-mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations
$
401

 
$
57

 
$
(2
)
 
$
456

State or local housing agency obligations
956

 
9

 

 
965

Total non-mortgage-backed securities
1,357

 
66

 
(2
)
 
1,421

Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations single-family2
47

 

 

 
47

Other U.S. obligations commercial2
6

 

 

 
6

GSE single-family
4,655

 
9

 
(15
)
 
4,649

Private-label residential
20

 

 
(1
)
 
19

Total mortgage-backed securities
4,728

 
9

 
(16
)
 
4,721

Total
$
6,085

 
$
75

 
$
(18
)
 
$
6,142


1
Amortized cost includes adjustments made to the cost basis of an investment for accretion and/or amortization.

2
Represents investment securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.



18


UNREALIZED LOSSES

The following tables summarize HTM securities with unrealized losses by major security type and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position (dollars in millions). In cases where the gross unrealized losses for an investment category are less than $1 million, the losses are not reported.
 
March 31, 2016
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
Non-mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State or local housing agency obligations
$
20

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
20

 
$

Total non-mortgage-backed securities
20

 

 

 

 
20

 

Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations single-family1
26

 

 

 

 
26

 

Other U.S. obligations commercial1
4

 

 

 

 
4

 

GSE single-family
2,523

 
(4
)
 
19

 

 
2,542

 
(4
)
Private-label residential

 

 
12

 
(1
)
 
12

 
(1
)
Total mortgage-backed securities
2,553

 
(4
)
 
31

 
(1
)
 
2,584

 
(5
)
Total
$
2,573

 
$
(4
)
 
$
31

 
$
(1
)
 
$
2,604

 
$
(5
)

 
December 31, 2015
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
Non-mortgage backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations
$
96

 
$
(2
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
96

 
$
(2
)
State or local housing agency obligations
93

 

 

 

 
93

 

Total non-mortgage-backed securities
189

 
(2
)
 

 

 
189

 
(2
)
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations single-family1
40

 

 

 

 
40

 

Other U.S. obligations commercial1
5

 

 

 

 
5

 

GSE single-family
3,052

 
(15
)
 
20

 

 
3,072

 
(15
)
Private-label residential

 

 
13

 
(1
)
 
13

 
(1
)
Total mortgage-backed securities
3,097

 
(15
)
 
33

 
(1
)
 
3,130

 
(16
)
Total
$
3,286

 
$
(17
)
 
$
33

 
$
(1
)
 
$
3,319

 
$
(18
)

1
Represents investment securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.


19


CONTRACTUAL MATURITY

The following table summarizes HTM securities by contractual maturity. Expected maturities of some securities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment fees (dollars in millions):
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Year of Contractual Maturity
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
Non-mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due in one year or less
 
$
9

 
$
9

 
$
18

 
$
18

Due after one year through five years
 
69

 
69

 
131

 
131

Due after five years through ten years
 
405

 
447

 
409

 
440

Due after ten years
 
678

 
721

 
799

 
832

Total non-mortgage-backed securities
 
1,161

 
1,246

 
1,357

 
1,421

Mortgage-backed securities
 
4,462

 
4,466

 
4,728

 
4,721

Total
 
$
5,623

 
$
5,712

 
$
6,085

 
$
6,142


Note 6 — Other-Than-Temporary Impairment

The Bank evaluates its individual AFS and HTM securities in an unrealized loss position for other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) on a quarterly basis. As part of its evaluation of securities for OTTI, the Bank considers its intent to sell each debt security and whether it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery. If either of these conditions is met, the Bank will recognize an OTTI charge to earnings equal to the entire difference between the security's amortized cost basis and its fair value at the reporting date. For securities in an unrealized loss position that meet neither of these conditions, the Bank performs analyses to determine if any of these securities are other-than-temporarily impaired.

PRIVATE-LABEL MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES

On a quarterly basis, the Bank engages other designated FHLBanks to perform cash flow analyses on its private-label MBS using two third-party models in order to assess whether the entire amortized cost bases of these securities will be recovered. To ensure consistency in the determination of OTTI, an OTTI Governance Committee, comprised of representation from all FHLBanks, is responsible for reviewing and approving the key modeling assumptions, inputs, and methodologies used by the designated FHLBanks when generating the cash flow projections. For a description of these models, refer to "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 8 - Other-than-Temporary Impairment" in the Bank's 2015 Form 10-K.

The FHLBanks' OTTI Governance Committee developed a short-term housing price forecast with projected changes ranging from a decrease of one percent to an increase of eight percent over the twelve month period beginning January 1, 2016. For the vast majority of markets, the projected short-term housing price changes range from an increase of three percent to an increase of five percent. Thereafter, a unique path is projected for each geographical area based on an internally developed framework derived from historical data.

The Bank compared the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected with respect to its private-label MBS to the amortized cost bases of the securities to determine whether a credit loss existed. At March 31, 2016, the Bank's cash flow analyses for private-label MBS did not project any credit losses. Even under an adverse scenario that delays recovery of the housing price index, no credit losses were projected. The Bank does not intend to sell its private-label MBS and it is not more likely than not that the Bank will be required to sell its private-label MBS before recovery of their amortized cost bases. As a result, the Bank did not consider any of its private-label MBS to be other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2016.


20


ALL OTHER AFS AND HTM INVESTMENT SECURITIES

On a quarterly basis, the Bank reviews all remaining AFS and HTM securities in an unrealized loss position to determine whether they are other-than temporarily impaired. The following was determined for the Bank's other investment securities in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2016:

Other U.S. obligations and GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations. The unrealized losses were due primarily to changes in interest rates and credit spreads, and not to a significant deterioration in the fundamental credit quality of the obligations. The strength of the issuers' guarantees through direct obligations or support from the U.S. Government was sufficient to protect the Bank from losses based on current expectations. The Bank expects to recover the amortized cost bases on these securities and neither intends to sell these securities nor considers it more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost bases. As such, the Bank did not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2016.

State or local housing agency obligations. The unrealized losses were due to changes in interest rates, credit spreads, and illiquidity in the credit markets, and not to a significant deterioration in the fundamental credit quality of the obligations. The creditworthiness of the issuers and the strength of the underlying collateral and credit enhancements were sufficient to protect the Bank from losses based on current expectations. The Bank does not intend to sell these securities nor is it more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost bases. As such, the Bank did not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2016.

Other - PEFCO Bond. The unrealized loss was due to changes in interest rates, credit spreads, and illiquidity in the credit markets, and not to a significant deterioration in the fundamental credit quality of the bond. The Bank does not intend to sell this security nor is it more likely than not that it will be required to sell this security before recovery of the amortized cost basis. Additionally, the strength of the issuer’s guarantee by an agency of the U.S. Government or a trust consisting of pledged collateral, which may include guaranteed importer notes, securities guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, or cash, is sufficient to protect the Bank from loss based on current expectations. As such, the Bank did not consider this security to be other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2016.

Note 7 — Advances

CONTRACTUAL MATURITY

The following table summarizes the Bank's advances outstanding by contractual maturity (dollars in millions):
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Year of Contractual Maturity
 
Amount
 
Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate
 
Amount
 
Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate
Overdrawn demand deposit accounts
 
$

 
%
 
$
1

 
3.34
%
Due in one year or less
 
16,937

 
0.86

 
18,967

 
0.77

Due after one year through two years
 
12,337

 
1.45

 
8,608

 
1.48

Due after two years through three years
 
19,103

 
0.77

 
18,517

 
0.93

Due after three years through four years
 
14,825

 
0.78

 
17,439

 
0.60

Due after four years through five years
 
25,135

 
0.69

 
16,521

 
0.74

Thereafter
 
12,433

 
1.08

 
8,858

 
1.36

Total par value
 
100,770

 
0.89
%
 
88,911

 
0.89
%
Premiums
 
119

 
 
 
128

 
 
Discounts
 
(9
)
 
 
 
(9
)
 
 
Fair value hedging adjustments
 
277

 
 
 
143

 
 
Total
 
$
101,157

 
 
 
$
89,173

 
 
 

21


The following table summarizes all advances at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, by year of contractual maturity or next call date for callable advances, and by year of contractual maturity or next put date for putable advances (dollars in millions):
 
 
Year of Contractual Maturity
or Next Call Date
 
Year of Contractual Maturity
or Next Put Date
 
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Overdrawn demand deposit accounts
 
$

 
$
1

 
$

 
$
1

Due in one year or less
 
85,308

 
73,242

 
18,993

 
21,156

Due after one year through two years
 
4,995

 
4,513

 
10,858

 
7,549

Due after two years through three years
 
3,221

 
4,377

 
18,715

 
17,576

Due after three years through four years
 
2,825

 
2,337

 
14,825

 
17,439

Due after four years through five years
 
1,804

 
1,818

 
25,090

 
16,521

Thereafter
 
2,617

 
2,623

 
12,289

 
8,669

Total par value
 
$
100,770

 
$
88,911

 
$
100,770

 
$
88,911


The Bank offers advances to members and eligible housing associates that may be prepaid on pertinent dates (call dates) prior to maturity without incurring prepayment fees (callable advances). At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank had callable advances outstanding totaling $73.6 billion and $54.8 billion.

The Bank also offers putable advances. With a putable advance, the Bank has the right to terminate the advance from the borrower on predetermined exercise dates, and the borrower may then apply for replacement funding at the prevailing market rate. Generally, put options are exercised when interest rates increase. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank had putable advances outstanding totaling $2.4 billion and $2.6 billion.

PREPAYMENT FEES

The Bank generally charges a prepayment fee for advances that a borrower elects to terminate prior to the stated maturity or outside of a predetermined call or put date. The fees charged are priced to make the Bank financially indifferent to the prepayment of the advance. For certain advances with symmetrical prepayment features, the Bank may charge the borrower a prepayment fee or pay the borrower a prepayment credit, depending on certain circumstances, such as movements in interest rates, when the advance is prepaid. Prepayment fees and credits are recorded net of fair value hedging adjustments in the Statements of Income.  
    
The following table summarizes the Bank's prepayment fees on advances, net (dollars in millions):
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Prepayment fee income
$
7

 
$
1

Fair value hedging adjustments1
(3
)
 

Prepayment fees on advances, net
$
4

 
$
1


1
Represents the amortization/accretion of fair value hedging adjustments on closed advance hedge relationships resulting from advance prepayments.

For information related to the Bank's credit risk exposure on advances, refer to "Note 9 — Allowance for Credit Losses."

Note 8 — Mortgage Loans Held for Portfolio

The Bank participates in the Mortgage Partnership Finance (MPF) program (Mortgage Partnership Finance and MPF are registered trademarks of the FHLBank of Chicago). This program involves investment by the Bank in single-family mortgage loans held for portfolio that are either purchased from participating financial institutions (PFIs) or funded by the Bank through PFIs. MPF loans may also be acquired through participations in pools of eligible mortgage loans purchased from other FHLBanks. The Bank's MPF PFIs generally originate, service, and credit enhance mortgage loans that are sold to the Bank. MPF PFIs participating in the servicing release program do not service the loans owned by the Bank. The servicing on these loans is sold concurrently by the MPF PFI to a designated mortgage service provider.


22


Effective May 31, 2015, as a part of the Merger, the Bank acquired mortgage loans previously purchased by the Seattle Bank under the Mortgage Purchase Program (MPP). This program involved investment by the Seattle Bank in single-family mortgage loans that were purchased directly from MPP PFIs. Similar to the MPF program, MPP PFIs generally originated, serviced, and credit enhanced the mortgage loans sold to the Seattle Bank. In 2005, the Seattle Bank ceased entering into new MPP master commitment contracts and therefore all MPP loans acquired by the Bank were originated prior to 2006. The Bank does not currently purchase mortgage loans under this program.

The following tables present information on the Bank's mortgage loans held for portfolio (dollars in millions):
 
March 31, 2016
 
MPF
 
MPP
 
Total
Fixed rate, long-term single-family mortgage loans
$
4,872

 
$
472

 
$
5,344

Fixed rate, medium-term1 single-family mortgage loans
1,220

 
12

 
1,232

Total unpaid principal balance
6,092

 
484

 
6,576

Premiums
75

 
17

 
92

Discounts
(9
)
 
(1
)
 
(10
)
Basis adjustments from mortgage loan commitments
10

 

 
10

Total mortgage loans held for portfolio
6,168

 
500

 
6,668

Allowance for credit losses
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
Total mortgage loans held for portfolio, net
$
6,167

 
$
500

 
$
6,667


 
December 31, 2015
 
MPF
 
MPP
 
Total
Fixed rate, long-term single-family mortgage loans
$
4,884

 
$
500

 
$
5,384

Fixed rate, medium-term1 single-family mortgage loans
1,265

 
14

 
1,279

Total unpaid principal balance
6,149

 
514

 
6,663

Premiums
76

 
18

 
94

Discounts
(9
)
 
(1
)
 
(10
)
Basis adjustments from mortgage loan commitments
9

 

 
9

Total mortgage loans held for portfolio
6,225

 
531

 
6,756

Allowance for credit losses
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
Total mortgage loans held for portfolio, net
$
6,224

 
$
531

 
$
6,755


1
Medium-term is defined as a term of 15 years or less.

The following tables present the Bank's mortgage loans held for portfolio by collateral or guarantee type (dollars in millions):
 
March 31, 2016
 
MPF
 
MPP
 
Total
Conventional mortgage loans
$
5,552

 
$
436

 
$
5,988

Government-insured mortgage loans
540

 
48

 
588

Total unpaid principal balance
$
6,092

 
$
484

 
$
6,576

 
December 31, 2015
 
MPF
 
MPP
 
Total
Conventional mortgage loans
$
5,602

 
$
464

 
$
6,066

Government-insured mortgage loans
547

 
50

 
597

Total unpaid principal balance
$
6,149

 
$
514

 
$
6,663


For information related to the Bank's credit risk exposure on mortgage loans held for portfolio, refer to "Note 9 — Allowance for Credit Losses."

23


Note 9 — Allowance for Credit Losses

The Bank has established an allowance for credit losses methodology for each of its financing receivable portfolio segments: advances, standby letters of credit, and other extensions of credit to borrowers (collectively, credit products), government-insured mortgage loans held for portfolio, MPF conventional mortgage loans held for portfolio, MPP conventional mortgage loans held for portfolio, and term securities purchased under agreements to resell.

CREDIT PRODUCTS

The Bank manages its credit exposure to credit products through an approach that includes establishing a credit limit for each borrower, ongoing reviews of each borrower's financial condition, and detailed collateral and lending policies to limit risk of loss while balancing borrowers' needs for a reliable source of funding. In addition, the Bank lends to eligible borrowers in accordance with the FHLBank Act, Finance Agency regulations, and other applicable laws.

The Bank is required by regulation to obtain sufficient collateral to fully secure credit products. The estimated value of the collateral required to secure each borrower's credit products is calculated by applying collateral discounts, or haircuts, to the unpaid principal balance or market value, if available, of the collateral. Eligible collateral includes (i) whole first mortgages on improved residential real property or securities representing a whole interest in such mortgages, (ii) loans and securities issued, insured, or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof, including mortgage-backed securities (MBS) issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or Government National Mortgage Association and Federal Family Education Loan Program guaranteed student loans, (iii) cash deposited with the Bank, and (iv) other real estate-related collateral acceptable to the Bank provided such collateral has a readily ascertainable value and the Bank can perfect a security interest in such property. In addition, community financial institutions may also pledge collateral consisting of secured small business, small agri-business, or small farm loans. As additional security, the FHLBank Act provides that the Bank has a lien on each member's capital stock investment; however, capital stock cannot be pledged as collateral to secure credit exposures.

Collateral arrangements may vary depending upon borrower credit quality, financial condition and performance, borrowing capacity, and overall credit exposure to the borrower. The Bank can also require additional or substitute collateral to protect its security interest. The Bank periodically evaluates and makes changes to its collateral guidelines and collateral haircuts.

Borrowers may pledge collateral to the Bank by executing a blanket lien, specifically assigning collateral, or placing physical possession of collateral with the Bank or its custodians. The Bank perfects its security interest in all pledged collateral by filing Uniform Commercial Code financing statements or by taking possession or control of the collateral. Under the FHLBank Act, any security interest granted to the Bank by its members, or any affiliates of its members, has priority over the claims and rights of any party (including any receiver, conservator, trustee, or similar party having rights of a lien creditor), unless those claims and rights would be entitled to priority under otherwise applicable law and are held by actual purchasers or by parties that have perfected security interests.
Under a blanket lien, the Bank is granted a security interest in all financial assets of the borrower to fully secure the borrower's obligation. Other than securities and cash deposits, the Bank does not initially take delivery of collateral pledged by blanket lien borrowers. In the event of deterioration in the financial condition of a blanket lien borrower, the Bank has the ability to require delivery of pledged collateral sufficient to secure the borrower's obligation. With respect to non-blanket lien borrowers that are federally insured, the Bank generally requires collateral to be specifically assigned. With respect to non-blanket lien borrowers that are not federally insured (typically insurance companies, CDFIs, and housing associates), the Bank generally takes control of collateral through the delivery of cash, securities, or loans to the Bank or its custodians.

Using a risk-based approach and taking into consideration each borrower's financial strength, the Bank considers the types and level of collateral to be the primary indicator of credit quality on its credit products. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank had rights to collateral on a borrower-by-borrower basis with an unpaid principal balance or market value, if available, in excess of its outstanding extensions of credit.

At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, none of the Bank's credit products were past due, on non-accrual status, or considered impaired. In addition, there were no troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) related to credit products during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.


24


The Bank has never experienced a credit loss on its credit products. Based upon the Bank's collateral and lending policies, the collateral held as security, and the repayment history on credit products, management has determined that there were no probable credit losses on its credit products as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Accordingly, the Bank has not recorded any allowance for credit losses for its credit products.

GOVERNMENT-INSURED MORTGAGE LOANS

The Bank invests in government-insured fixed rate mortgage loans in both the MPF and MPP portfolios that are insured or guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and/or the Rural Housing Service of the Department of Agriculture. The servicer or PFI obtains and maintains insurance or a guaranty from the applicable government agency. The servicer or PFI is responsible for compliance with all government agency requirements and for obtaining the benefit of the applicable guarantee or insurance with respect to defaulted government-insured mortgage loans. Any losses incurred on these loans that are not recovered from the insurer/guarantor are absorbed by the servicers. As such, the Bank only has credit risk for these loans if the servicer or PFI fails to pay for losses not covered by the guarantee or insurance. Management views this risk as remote and has never experienced a credit loss on its government-insured mortgage loans. As a result, the Bank did not establish an allowance for credit losses for its government-insured mortgage loans at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Furthermore, none of these mortgage loans have been placed on non-accrual status because of the U.S. Government guarantee or insurance on these loans and the contractual obligation of the loan servicer to repurchase the loans when certain criteria are met.

MPF CONVENTIONAL MORTGAGE LOANS

The Bank's management of credit risk in the MPF program involves several layers of legal loss protection that are defined in agreements among the Bank and its participating PFIs. For conventional MPF loans, the availability of loss protection may differ slightly among MPF products. The Bank's loss protection consists of the following loss layers, in order of priority:

Homeowner Equity.

Primary Mortgage Insurance (PMI). At the time of origination, PMI is required on all loans with homeowner equity of less than 20 percent of the original purchase price or appraised value, whichever is less and as applicable to the specific loan.

First Loss Account (FLA). The FLA is a memorandum account used to track the Bank's potential loss exposure under each master commitment prior to the PFI's credit enhancement obligation.

Credit Enhancement Obligation of PFI. PFIs have a credit enhancement obligation at the time a mortgage loan is purchased to absorb certain losses in excess of the FLA in order to limit the Bank's loss exposure to that of an investor in an MBS that is rated the equivalent of AA by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO). PFIs pledge collateral to secure this obligation. For absorbing losses in excess of the FLA, PFIs are paid a credit enhancement fee, a portion of which may be performance-based.

MPP CONVENTIONAL MORTGAGE LOANS

For conventional MPP loans, the loss protection consists of the following loss layers, in order of priority:

Homeowner Equity.

Primary Mortgage Insurance. At the time of origination, PMI is required on all loans with homeowner equity of less than 20 percent of the original purchase price or appraised value, whichever is less and as applicable to the specific loan.

Lender Risk Account (LRA). The LRA is a lender-specific account originally funded by the Seattle Bank in an amount approximately sufficient to cover expected losses on the pool of mortgages either up front as a portion of the purchase proceeds or through a portion of the net interest remitted monthly by the member. To the extent available, LRA funds are used to offset any losses that occur. Typically, after five years, excess funds over required balances are distributed to the member in accordance with a step-down schedule that is established upon execution of a master commitment contract.  


25


ALLOWANCE METHODOLOGY

The Bank utilizes an allowance for credit losses to reserve for estimated losses in its conventional MPF mortgage loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The measurement of the Bank's MPF allowance for credit losses is determined by (i) reviewing similar conventional mortgage loans for impairment on a collective basis, (ii) reviewing conventional mortgage loans for impairment on an individual basis, (iii) estimating additional credit losses in the conventional mortgage loan portfolio, (iv) considering the recapture of performance-based credit enhancement fees from the PFI, if available, and (v) considering the credit enhancement obligation of the PFI, if estimated losses exceed the FLA.

The Bank also utilizes an allowance for credit losses to reserve for estimated losses in its conventional MPP mortgage loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The establishment of the Bank's MPP allowance for credit losses is determined by (i) reviewing similar conventional mortgage loans for impairment on a collective basis, (ii) reviewing conventional mortgage loans for impairment on an individual basis, (iii) estimating additional credit losses in the conventional mortgage loan portfolio, and (iv) considering the LRA if estimated losses exceed the losses paid by homeowner equity or PMI.

Collectively Evaluated Conventional Mortgage Loans. The Bank collectively evaluates the majority of its conventional MPF and MPP mortgage loan portfolios for impairment and estimates an allowance for credit losses based primarily on the following factors: (i) current loan delinquencies, (ii) loans migrating to collateral-dependent status, (iii) actual historical loss severities, and (iv) certain quantifiable economic factors, such as unemployment rates and home prices. The Bank utilizes a roll-rate methodology when estimating its allowance for credit losses. This methodology projects loans migrating to collateral-dependent status based on historical average rates of delinquency. The Bank then applies a loss severity factor to calculate an estimate of credit losses.

Individually Identified Conventional Mortgage Loans. The Bank individually evaluates certain MPF and MPP conventional mortgage loans, including TDRs and collateral-dependent loans, for impairment. The Bank's TDRs include loans granted under its loan modification plans and loans discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy that have not been reaffirmed by the borrower. The Bank generally measures impairment of TDRs based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate. Collateral-dependent loans are loans in which repayment is expected to be provided solely by the sale of the underlying collateral. The Bank's collateral-dependent loans include loans in process of foreclosure, loans 180 days or more past due, and bankruptcy loans and TDRs 60 days or more past due. The Bank measures impairment of collateral-dependent loans based on the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, which is determined using property values, less selling costs and expected proceeds from PMI.

A charge-off is recorded if it is estimated that the recorded investment in a loan will not be recovered. The Bank evaluates whether to record a charge-off based upon the occurrence of a confirming event, including but not limited to, the occurrence of foreclosure or when a loan is deemed collateral-dependent. The Bank charges-off the portion of the outstanding conventional mortgage loan balance in excess of the fair value of the underlying collateral, which is determined using property values, less selling costs and expected proceeds from PMI.

Estimating Additional Credit Loss in the MPF and MPP Conventional Mortgage Loan Portfolios. The Bank may make adjustments for certain limitations in its estimation of credit losses. These adjustments recognize the imprecise nature of an estimate and represents a subjective management judgment that is intended to cover losses resulting from other factors that may not be captured in the methodology previously described at the balance sheet date. These additional factors include, but are not limited to, consumer confidence, movements in interest rates, and other housing market trends.

MPF Performance-Based Credit Enhancement Fees. When reserving for estimated credit losses, the Bank may take into consideration performance-based credit enhancement fees available for recapture from the PFIs. Performance-based credit enhancement fees available for recapture, if any, consist of accrued performance-based credit enhancement fees to be paid to the PFIs and projected performance-based credit enhancement fees to be paid to the PFIs over the next 12 months, less any losses incurred that are in the process of recapture.

Available performance-based credit enhancement fees cannot be shared between master commitments and, as a result, some master commitments may have sufficient performance-based credit enhancement fees to recapture losses while other master commitments may not. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank determined that the amount of performance-based credit enhancement fees available for recapture from the PFIs at the master commitment level was immaterial. As such, it did not factor credit enhancement fees into its estimate of the allowance for credit losses.


26


MPF PFI Credit Enhancement Obligation. When reserving for estimated credit losses, the Bank may take into consideration the PFI credit enhancement obligation, which is intended to absorb losses in excess of the FLA. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank determined that the amount of credit enhancement obligation available to offset losses at the master commitment level was immaterial. As such, it did not factor credit enhancement obligation into its estimate of the allowance for credit losses.

MPP Lender Risk Account. The LRA was established by the Seattle Bank for each MPP master commitment to cover losses not anticipated to be paid by homeowner's equity or PMI. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank determined the amount of LRA to be immaterial. As such, it did not factor LRA into its estimate of the allowance for loan losses.  

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON CONVENTIONAL MORTGAGE LOANS

The following table presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses on the Bank's conventional MPF mortgage loan portfolio. The Bank's allowance for credit losses on MPP loans was less than $1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 (dollars in millions):
 
MPF
Balance, December 31, 2014
$
5

Charge-offs
(4
)
Balance, March 31, 2015
$
1

 
 
Balance, December 31, 2015
$
1

Charge-offs
(1
)
Recoveries
1

Balance, March 31, 2016
$
1


The following table summarizes the allowance for credit losses and recorded investment of the Bank's conventional mortgage loan portfolio by impairment methodology (dollars in millions):
 
MPF
 
MPP1
 
Total
Allowance for credit losses, March 31, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
$
1

 
$

 
$
1

Individually evaluated for impairment

 

 

Total allowance for credit losses
$
1

 
$

 
$
1

 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for credit losses, December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
$
1

 
$

 
$
1

Individually evaluated for impairment

 

 

Total allowance for credit losses
$
1

 
$

 
$
1

 
 
 
 
 
 
Recorded investment, March 31, 20162
 
 
 
 
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
$
5,610

 
$
423

 
$
6,033

Individually evaluated for impairment, without a related allowance
36

 
28

 
64

Total recorded investment
$
5,646

 
$
451

 
$
6,097

 
 
 
 
 
 
Recorded investment, December 31, 20152
 
 
 
 
 
Collectively evaluated for impairment
$
5,659

 
$
449

 
$
6,108

Individually evaluated for impairment, without a related allowance
37

 
31

 
68

Total recorded investment
$
5,696

 
$
480

 
$
6,176


1
The allowance for credit losses on MPP loans was less than $1 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

2
Represents the unpaid principal balance adjusted for accrued interest, unamortized premiums, discounts, basis adjustments, and direct write-downs.


27


CREDIT QUALITY INDICATORS

Key credit quality indicators for mortgage loans include the migration of past due loans, loans in process of foreclosure, and non-accrual loans. The tables below summarize the Bank's key credit quality indicators for mortgage loans (dollars in millions):
 
March 31, 2016
 
MPF
 
MPP
 
 
 
Conventional
 
Government
 
Conventional
 
Government
 
Total
Past due 30 - 59 days
$
48

 
$
16

 
$

 
$
4

 
$
68

Past due 60 - 89 days
12

 
5

 

 
1

 
18

Past due 90 - 179 days
10

 
5

 
3

 
1

 
19

Past due 180 days or more
28

 
5

 
14

 
3

 
50

Total past due mortgage loans
98

 
31

 
17

 
9

 
155

Total current mortgage loans
5,548

 
523

 
434

 
42

 
6,547

Total recorded investment of mortgage loans1
$
5,646

 
$
554

 
$
451

 
$
51

 
$
6,702

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In process of foreclosure (included above)2
$
20

 
$
2

 
$
8

 
$

 
$
30

Serious delinquency rate3
1
%
 
2
%
 
4
%
 
7
%
 
1
%
Past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest4
$

 
$
10

 
$

 
$
4

 
$
14

Non-accrual mortgage loans5
$
43

 
$

 
$
30

 
$

 
$
73


 
December 31, 2015
 
MPF
 
MPP
 
 
 
Conventional
 
Government
 
Conventional
 
Government
 
Total
Past due 30 - 59 days
$
57

 
$
21

 
$
13

 
$
5

 
$
96

Past due 60 - 89 days
16

 
7

 
4

 
2

 
29

Past due 90 - 179 days
12

 
5

 
3

 
1

 
21

Past due 180 days or more
30

 
5

 
16

 
3

 
54

Total past due mortgage loans
115

 
38

 
36

 
11

 
200

Total current mortgage loans
5,581

 
524

 
444

 
42

 
6,591

Total recorded investment of mortgage loans1
$
5,696

 
$
562

 
$
480

 
$
53

 
$
6,791

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In process of foreclosure (included above)2
$
19

 
$
4

 
$
9

 
$

 
$
32

Serious delinquency rate3
1
%
 
2
%
 
4
%
 
8
%
 
1
%
Past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest4
$

 
$
10

 
$

 
$
4

 
$
14

Non-accrual mortgage loans5
$
46

 
$

 
$
32

 
$

 
$
78


1
Represents the unpaid principal balance adjusted for accrued interest, unamortized premiums, discounts, basis adjustments, and direct write-downs.

2
Includes loans where the decision of foreclosure or similar alternative such as pursuit of deed-in-lieu has been reported. Loans in process of foreclosure are included in past due or current loans depending on their payment status.

3
Represents mortgage loans that are 90 days or more past due or in the process of foreclosure expressed as a percentage of the total recorded investment.

4
Represents government-insured mortgage loans that are 90 days or more past due.

5
Represents conventional mortgage loans that are 90 days or more past due and TDRs.


28


INDIVIDUALLY EVALUATED IMPAIRED LOANS

As previously described, the Bank evaluates certain conventional mortgage loans for impairment individually. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.

The Bank did not recognize any interest income on impaired loans during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.

The following table summarizes the average recorded investment of the Bank's individually evaluated impaired loans (dollars in millions):
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Impaired loans without an allowance
 
 
 
Conventional MPF Loans
$
37

 
$
48

Conventional MPP Loans
29

 

Total
$
66

 
$
48


REAL ESTATE OWNED

At both March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank had $7 million of real estate owned (REO) recorded as a component of "Other assets" in the Statements of Condition.

TERM SECURITIES PURCHASED UNDER AGREEMENTS TO RESELL

Term securities purchased under agreements to resell are considered collateralized financing agreements and represent short-term investments. The terms of these investments are structured such that if the market value of the underlying securities decreases below the market value required as collateral, the counterparty must place an equivalent amount of additional securities as collateral or remit an equivalent amount of cash. Otherwise, the dollar value of the resale agreement will decrease accordingly. If an agreement to resell is deemed to be impaired, the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost of the agreement will be charged to earnings to establish an allowance for credit losses. Based upon the collateral held as security, the Bank determined that no allowance for credit losses was needed for its term securities purchased under agreements to resell at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET CREDIT EXPOSURES

At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank did not record a liability to reflect an allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures. For additional information on the Bank's off-balance sheet credit exposures, see "Note 14 — Commitments and Contingencies."


29


Note 10 — Derivatives and Hedging Activities

NATURE OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY

The Bank is exposed to interest rate risk primarily from the effect of interest rate changes on its interest-earning assets and its related funding sources. The goal of the Bank's interest rate risk management strategy is not to eliminate interest rate risk, but to manage it within appropriate limits. To mitigate the risk of loss, the Bank has established policies and procedures, which include guidelines on the amount of exposure to interest rate changes it is willing to accept.

The Bank enters into derivative contracts to manage the interest rate risk exposures inherent in its otherwise unhedged assets and funding positions. Finance Agency regulations and the Bank's Enterprise Risk Management Policy (ERMP) establish guidelines for derivatives, prohibit trading in or the speculative use of derivatives, and limit credit risk arising from derivatives.

The most common ways in which the Bank uses derivatives are to:

reduce the interest rate sensitivity and repricing gaps of assets and liabilities;

preserve a favorable interest rate spread between the yield of an asset and the cost of the related liability. Without the use of derivatives, this interest rate spread could be reduced or eliminated when a change in the interest rate on the asset does not match a change in the interest rate on the liability;

mitigate the adverse earnings effects of the shortening or extension of certain assets and liabilities;

manage embedded options in assets and liabilities; and

reduce funding costs by combining a derivative with a consolidated obligation, as the cost of a combined funding structure can be lower than the cost of a comparable consolidated obligation.

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
 
Derivative instruments are accounted for by the Bank in two ways:
 
as a fair value hedge of an associated financial instrument or firm commitment for those items qualifying under applicable accounting guidance (fair value hedge); or

as an economic hedge to manage certain defined risks in its Statements of Condition. These hedges are primarily used to (i) manage mismatches between the coupon features of the Bank's assets and liabilities and offset prepayment risk in certain assets, or (ii) mitigate the income statement volatility that occurs when financial instruments are recorded at fair value and hedge accounting is not permitted (economic hedge).

Derivative instruments are used by the Bank when they are considered to be a cost-effective alternative to achieve the Bank's financial and risk management objectives. The Bank reevaluates its hedging strategies from time to time and may change the hedging techniques it uses or adopt new strategies.

The Bank transacts most of its derivative transactions with large banks and major broker-dealers. Over-the-counter derivative transactions may be either executed directly with a counterparty (uncleared derivatives) or cleared through a Futures Commission Merchant (i.e., clearing agent) with a Derivative Clearing Organization (cleared derivatives). Once a derivative transaction has been accepted for clearing by a Derivative Clearing Organization (Clearinghouse), the derivative transaction is novated and the executing counterparty is replaced with the Clearinghouse.


30


TYPES OF DERIVATIVES

The Bank may use the following derivative instruments:

interest rate swaps;

options;

swaptions;

interest rate caps and floors; and

future/forward contracts.

TYPES OF HEDGED ITEMS

The Bank documents at inception all fair value hedging relationships between derivatives designated as hedging instruments and hedged items, its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking various hedge transactions, and its method of assessing effectiveness. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as fair value hedges to assets and liabilities in the Statements of Condition or firm commitments. The Bank also formally assesses (both at the hedge's inception and at least quarterly) whether the derivatives it uses in hedging transactions have been effective in offsetting changes in the fair value of hedged items attributable to the hedged risk and whether those derivatives are expected to remain effective in future periods. The Bank uses regression analyses to assess the effectiveness of its hedges.

The Bank may have the following types of hedged items:

investment securities;

advances;
       
mortgage loans;
  
consolidated obligations; and
  
firm commitments.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT EFFECT AND ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The notional amount of derivatives serves as a factor in determining periodic interest payments and cash flows received and paid. However, the notional amount of derivatives represents neither the actual amounts exchanged nor the overall exposure of the Bank to credit and market risk. The risks of derivatives can be measured meaningfully on a portfolio basis that takes into account the counterparties, the types of derivatives, the items being hedged, and any offsets between the derivatives and the items being hedged.


31


The following table summarizes the Bank's notional amount and the fair value of derivative instruments, including the effect of netting adjustments and cash collateral. For purposes of this disclosure, the derivative values include the fair value of derivatives and the related accrued interest (dollars in millions):
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
 
Notional
Amount
 
Derivative
Assets
 
Derivative
 Liabilities
 
Notional
Amount
 
Derivative
Assets
 
Derivative
 Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (fair value hedges)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
 
$
37,054

 
$
165

 
$
986

 
$
37,526

 
$
134

 
$
635

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (economic hedges)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
 
1,449

 
23

 
111

 
1,456

 
21

 
70

Interest rate swaptions
 
200

 

 

 
200

 

 

Forward settlement agreements (TBAs)
 
56

 

 

 
45

 

 

Mortgage delivery commitments
 
74

 

 

 
51

 

 

Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
1,779

 
23

 
111

 
1,752

 
21

 
70

Total derivatives before netting and collateral adjustments
 
$
38,833

 
188

 
1,097

 
$
39,278

 
155

 
705

Netting adjustments and cash collateral1
 
 
 
(95
)
 
(985
)
 
 
 
(61
)
 
(603
)
Total derivative assets and derivative liabilities
 
 
 
$
93

 
$
112

 
 
 
$
94

 
$
102


1
Amounts represent the application of the netting requirements that allow the Bank to net settle positive and negative positions and also cash collateral and the related accrued interest held or placed with the same clearing agent and/or counterparty. Cash collateral posted by the Bank (including accrued interest) was $890 million and $542 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank had not received any cash collateral from clearing agents and/or counterparties.

The following table summarizes the components of “Net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities” as presented in the Statements of Income (dollars in millions):
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (fair value hedges)
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
$
(1
)
 
$
(4
)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (economic hedges)
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
(37
)
 
(21
)
Forward settlement agreements (TBAs)
(1
)
 
(1
)
Mortgage delivery commitments
1

 
1

Net interest settlements
(5
)
 
(6
)
Total net gains (losses) related to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
(42
)
 
(27
)
Net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities
$
(43
)
 
$
(31
)


32


The following tables summarize, by type of hedged item, the gains (losses) on derivatives and the related hedged items in fair value hedging relationships, the net fair value hedge ineffectiveness, and the effect of those derivatives on the Bank's net interest income (dollars in millions):
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
Hedged Item Type
 
Gains (Losses) on
Derivatives
 
Gains (Losses) on
Hedged Items
 
Net Fair Value
Hedge
Ineffectiveness
 
Effect on
Net Interest
Income1
Available-for-sale investments
 
$
(276
)
 
$
281

 
$
5

 
$
(38
)
Advances2
 
(136
)
 
138

 
2

 
(40
)
Consolidated obligation bonds
 
68

 
(76
)
 
(8
)
 
15

Total
 
$
(344
)
 
$
343

 
$
(1
)
 
$
(63
)
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
Hedged Item Type
 
Gains (Losses) on
Derivatives
 
Gains (Losses) on
Hedged Items
 
Net Fair Value
Hedge
Ineffectiveness
 
Effect on
Net Interest
Income1
Available-for-sale investments
 
$
(108
)
 
$
103

 
$
(5
)
 
$
(32
)
Advances2
 
(34
)
 
34

 

 
(40
)
Consolidated obligation bonds
 
49

 
(48
)
 
1

 
26

Total
 
$
(93
)
 
$
89

 
$
(4
)
 
$
(46
)

1
Represents the net interest settlements on derivatives in fair value hedge relationships and the amortization of the financing element of off-market derivatives, both of which are included in the interest income or interest expense line item of the respective hedged item type. This amortization for off-market derivatives totaled $8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. For the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Bank did not record any amortization for off-market derivatives through net interest income. The tables do not include the interest component on the related hedged items.

2
Includes net gains (losses) on fair value hedge firm commitments of forward starting advances.

MANAGING CREDIT RISK ON DERIVATIVES

The Bank is subject to credit risk due to the risk of nonperformance by counterparties to its derivative contracts. The Bank manages credit risk through credit analyses, collateral requirements, and adherence to the requirements set forth in the Bank's policies, U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission regulations, and Finance Agency regulations. For uncleared derivatives, the degree of credit risk depends on the extent to which master netting arrangements are included in these contracts to mitigate the risk. The Bank requires collateral agreements with collateral delivery thresholds on the majority of its uncleared derivatives.

For cleared derivatives, the Clearinghouse is the Bank's counterparty. The Clearinghouse notifies the clearing agent of the required initial and variation margin and the clearing agent in turn notifies the Bank. The requirement that the Bank post initial and variation margin through the clearing agent, to the Clearinghouse, exposes the Bank to institutional credit risk if the clearing agent or the Clearinghouse fails to meet its obligations. The use of cleared derivatives is intended to mitigate credit risk exposure because a central counterparty is substituted for individual counterparties and collateral for changes in the fair value of cleared derivatives is posted daily through a clearing agent.

The Bank has analyzed the enforceability of offsetting rights incorporated in its cleared derivative transactions and has determined that the exercise of those offsetting rights by a non-defaulting party under these transactions should be upheld under applicable law upon an event of default, including a bankruptcy, insolvency, or similar proceeding involving the Clearinghouse or the clearing agent, or both. Based on this analysis, the Bank presents a net derivative receivable or payable for all of its transactions through a particular clearing agent with a particular Clearinghouse.

A majority of the Bank's uncleared derivative contracts contain provisions that require the Bank to post additional collateral with its counterparties if there is deterioration in the Bank's credit rating. If the Bank's credit rating is lowered by an NRSRO, the Bank may be required to deliver additional collateral on uncleared derivative instruments in net liability positions. The aggregate fair value of all uncleared derivative instruments with credit-risk related contingent features that were in a net liability position (before cash collateral and related accrued interest) at March 31, 2016 was $447 million, for which the Bank posted collateral of $335 million in the normal course of business. If the Bank's credit rating had been lowered from its current rating to the next lower rating that would have triggered additional collateral to be delivered, the Bank would have been required to deliver an additional $130 million of collateral to its uncleared derivative counterparties at March 31, 2016.


33


For cleared derivatives, the Clearinghouse determines initial margin requirements and generally credit ratings are not factored into the initial margin. However, clearing agents may require additional initial margin to be posted based on credit considerations, including but not limited to, credit rating downgrades. The Bank was not required to post additional initial margin by its clearing agents, based on credit considerations, at March 31, 2016.

OFFSETTING OF DERIVATIVE ASSETS AND DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES

The Bank presents derivative instruments, related cash collateral, including initial and variation margin, received or pledged, and associated accrued interest on a net basis by clearing agent and/or by counterparty when it has met the netting requirements. The following table presents the fair value of derivative instruments meeting or not meeting the netting requirements, including the related collateral received from or pledged to counterparties (dollars in millions):
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Derivative Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
 
Derivative Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
Derivative instruments meeting netting requirements
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross recognized amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Uncleared derivatives
$
120

 
$
567

 
$
110

 
$
406

Cleared derivatives
68

 
530

 
45

 
299

Total gross recognized amount
188

 
1,097

 
155

 
705

Gross amounts of netting adjustments and cash collateral
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Uncleared derivatives
(120
)
 
(455
)
 
(109
)
 
(304
)
Cleared derivatives
25

 
(530
)
 
48

 
(299
)
Total gross amounts of netting adjustments and cash collateral
(95
)
 
(985
)
 
(61
)
 
(603
)
Net amounts after netting adjustments and cash collateral
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Uncleared derivatives

 
112

 
1

 
102

Cleared derivatives
93

 

 
93

 

Total derivative assets and derivative liabilities
$
93

 
$
112

 
$
94

 
$
102



Note 11 — Consolidated Obligations

Consolidated obligations consist of bonds and discount notes. The FHLBanks issue consolidated obligations through the Office of Finance as their agent. Bonds are issued primarily to raise intermediate- and long-term funds for the Bank and are not subject to any statutory or regulatory limits on their maturity. Discount notes are issued primarily to raise short-term funds for the Bank and have original maturities of up to one year. Discount notes sell at or below their face amount and are redeemed at par value when they mature.

Although the Bank is primarily liable for the portion of consolidated obligations issued on its behalf, it is also jointly and severally liable with the other FHLBanks for the payment of principal and interest on all FHLBank System consolidated obligations. The Finance Agency, at its discretion, may require any FHLBank to make principal and/or interest payments due on any consolidated obligation, whether or not the primary obligor FHLBank has defaulted on the payment of that consolidated obligation. The Finance Agency has never exercised this discretionary authority. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the total par value of outstanding consolidated obligations of the FHLBanks was $896.8 billion and $905.2 billion.

DISCOUNT NOTES

The following table summarizes the Bank's discount notes (dollars in millions):
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Amount
 
Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate
 
Amount
 
Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate
Par value
$
103,793

 
0.43
%
 
$
99,074

 
0.31
%
Discounts and concessions1
(94
)
 
 
 
(84
)
 
 
Total
$
103,699

 
 
 
$
98,990

 
 

1
Concessions represent fees paid to dealers in connection with the issuance of certain consolidated obligation discount notes.


34


BONDS

The following table summarizes the Bank's bonds outstanding by contractual maturity (dollars in millions):
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Year of Contractual Maturity
 
Amount
 
Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate
 
Amount
 
Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate
Due in one year or less
 
$
26,579

 
0.69
%
 
$
15,676

 
0.78
%
Due after one year through two years
 
3,670

 
2.87

 
3,808

 
2.91

Due after two years through three years
 
1,602

 
2.11

 
1,604

 
2.13

Due after three years through four years
 
3,892

 
3.16

 
2,780

 
2.93

Due after four years through five years
 
1,734

 
2.67

 
2,243

 
3.35

Thereafter
 
4,618

 
3.10

 
4,788

 
3.08

Total par value
 
42,095

 
1.51
%
 
30,899

 
1.85
%
Premiums
 
293

 
 
 
312

 
 
Discounts and concessions1
 
(33
)
 
 
 
(35
)
 
 
Fair value hedging adjustments
 
104

 
 
 
32

 
 
Total
 
$
42,459

 
 
 
$
31,208

 
 

1
Concessions represent fees paid to dealers in connection with the issuance of certain consolidated obligation bonds.

The following table summarizes the Bank's bonds outstanding by call features (dollars in millions):
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Noncallable or nonputable
$
39,072

 
$
28,050

Callable
3,023

 
2,849

Total par value
$
42,095

 
$
30,899

 

Note 12 — Capital

CAPITAL STOCK

The Bank's capital stock has a par value of $100 per share, and all shares are issued, redeemed, or repurchased by the Bank at the stated par value. The Bank generally issues a single class of capital stock (Class B stock). The Bank has two subclasses of capital stock: membership and activity-based. Each member must purchase and hold membership capital stock in an amount equal to 0.12 percent of its total assets as of the preceding December 31st, subject to a cap of $10 million and a floor of $10,000. Each member is also required to purchase activity-based capital stock equal to 4.00 percent of its advances and mortgage loans outstanding in the Bank's Statements of Condition. All capital stock issued is subject to a five year notice of redemption period.

The capital stock requirements established in the Bank's Capital Plan are designed so that the Bank can remain adequately capitalized as member activity changes. The Bank's Board of Directors may make adjustments to the capital stock requirements within ranges established in the Capital Plan.

EXCESS STOCK

Capital stock owned by members in excess of their investment requirement is deemed excess capital stock. Under its Capital Plan, the Bank, at its discretion and upon 15 days' written notice, may repurchase excess membership capital stock. The Bank, at its discretion, may also repurchase excess activity-based capital stock to the extent that (i) the excess capital stock balance exceeds an operational threshold set forth in the Capital Plan, which is currently set at zero, or (ii) a member submits a notice to redeem all or a portion of the excess activity-based capital stock. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank had no excess capital stock outstanding.


35


MANDATORILY REDEEMABLE CAPITAL STOCK

The Bank reclassifies capital stock subject to redemption from equity to a liability (mandatorily redeemable capital stock) at the time shares meet the definition of a mandatorily redeemable financial instrument. This occurs after a member provides written notice of redemption, gives notice of intention to withdraw from membership, becomes ineligible for continuing membership, or attains non-member status by merger or consolidation, charter termination, or other involuntary termination from membership. Dividends on mandatorily redeemable capital stock are classified as interest expense in the Statements of Income.

As a result of the final rule on membership issued by the Finance Agency effective February 19, 2016, the eligibility requirements for FHLBank members were changed rendering captive insurance companies ineligible for FHLBank membership. Captive insurance company members that were admitted as members prior to September 12, 2014 (the date the Finance Agency proposed this rule) will have their memberships terminated no later than February 19, 2021. Captive insurance company members that were admitted as members after September 12, 2014 will have their memberships terminated no later than February 19, 2017. On the effective date of the final rule, the Bank reclassified $723 million of capital stock, the total outstanding capital stock held by all of the Bank's captive insurance companies, to mandatorily redeemable capital stock. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank's mandatorily redeemable capital stock totaled $732 million and $103 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, interest expense on mandatorily redeemable capital stock was $4 million compared to less than $1 million for the same period in 2015.

The following table summarizes changes in mandatorily redeemable capital stock (dollars in millions):
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Balance, beginning of period
$
103

 
$
24

  Capital stock reclassified to (from) mandatorily redeemable capital stock, net
730

 
1

  Net repurchases/redemptions of mandatorily redeemable capital stock
(101
)
 
(1
)
Balance, end of period
$
732

 
$
24


The following table summarizes the Bank's mandatorily redeemable capital stock by year of contractual redemption (dollars in millions):
Year of Contractual Redemption
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Due in one year or less
 
$
1

 
$
7

Due after one year through two years
 
4

 
4

Due after two years through three years
 
5

 
65

Due after three years through four years
 
4

 
4

Due after four years through five years
 
2

 

Thereafter
 
689

 

Past contractual redemption date due to outstanding activity with the Bank
 
27

 
23

Total
 
$
732

 
$
103


ADDITIONAL CAPITAL FROM MERGER

The Bank recognized the net assets acquired from the Seattle Bank by recording the par value of capital stock issued in the transaction as capital stock, with the remaining portion of net assets acquired reflected in a new capital account captioned as “Additional capital from merger.” The Bank treats this additional capital from merger as a component of total capital for regulatory capital purposes. Following the Merger, the Bank began distributing dividends on capital stock from additional capital from merger. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Bank paid dividends in the amount of $31 million, resulting in an ending additional capital from merger balance of $163 million. The Bank intends to pay future dividends, when and if declared, from this account until the additional capital from merger balance is depleted.


36


RESTRICTED RETAINED EARNINGS

The Bank entered into a Joint Capital Enhancement Agreement (JCE Agreement) with all of the other FHLBanks in February 2011. The JCE Agreement, as amended, is intended to enhance the capital position of the Bank over time. It requires the Bank to allocate 20 percent of its quarterly net income to a separate restricted retained earnings account until the balance of that account equals at least one percent of its average balance of outstanding consolidated obligations for the previous quarter. The restricted retained earnings are not available to pay dividends. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank's restricted retained earnings account totaled $139 million and $101 million.

ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

The following table summarizes changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) (dollars in millions):
 
Net unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities (Note 4)
 
Pension and postretirement benefits
 
Total AOCI
Balance, December 31, 2014
$
126

 
$
(3
)
 
$
123

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains (losses)
7

 

 
7

Reclassifications from other comprehensive income (loss) to net income
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization - pension and postretirement

 

 

Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)
7

 

 
7

Balance, March 31, 2015
$
133

 
$
(3
)
 
$
130

 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2015
$
(82
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
(84
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains (losses)
(37
)
 

 
(37
)
Reclassifications from other comprehensive income (loss) to net income
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization - pension and postretirement

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)
(37
)
 
(1
)
 
(38
)
Balance, March 31, 2016
$
(119
)
 
$
(3
)
 
$
(122
)

REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

The Bank is subject to three regulatory capital requirements:

Risk-based capital. The Bank must maintain at all times permanent capital greater than or equal to the sum of its credit, market, and operations risk capital requirements, all calculated in accordance with Finance Agency regulations. Only permanent capital, defined as Class B stock (including mandatorily redeemable capital stock), and retained earnings can satisfy this risk-based capital requirement.

Regulatory capital. The Bank is required to maintain a minimum four percent capital-to-asset ratio, which is defined as total regulatory capital divided by total assets. Total regulatory capital includes Class B stock (including mandatorily redeemable capital stock), additional capital from merger, and retained earnings. It does not include AOCI.

Leverage capital. The Bank is required to maintain a minimum five percent leverage ratio, which is defined as the sum of permanent capital weighted 1.5 times and nonpermanent capital weighted 1.0 times, divided by total assets. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, nonpermanent capital included additional capital from merger.

If the Bank's capital falls below the required levels, the Finance Agency has authority to take actions necessary to return it to levels that it deems to be consistent with safe and sound business operations.


37


The following table shows the Bank's compliance with the Finance Agency's regulatory capital requirements (dollars in millions):
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Required
 
Actual
 
Required
 
Actual
Regulatory capital requirements
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk-based capital
$
978

 
$
6,327

 
$
951

 
$
5,618

Regulatory capital
$
6,162

 
$
6,490

 
$
5,495

 
$
5,812

Leverage capital
$
7,703

 
$
9,653

 
$
6,869

 
$
8,621

Capital-to-assets ratio
4.00
%
 
4.21
%
 
4.00
%
 
4.23
%
Leverage ratio
5.00
%
 
6.27
%
 
5.00
%
 
6.28
%

Note 13 — Fair Value

Fair value amounts are determined by the Bank using available market information and reflect the Bank's best judgment of appropriate valuation methods. The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The inputs are evaluated and an overall level for the fair value measurement is determined. This overall level is an indication of market observability of the fair value measurement for the asset or liability.

The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels:

Level 1 Inputs. Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that the Bank can access on the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs. Inputs other than quoted prices within Level 1 that are observable inputs for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, a Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 2 inputs include the following: (i) quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, (ii) quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, (iii) inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals, implied volatilities, and credit spreads), and (iv) market-corroborated inputs.

Level 3 Inputs. Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

The Bank reviews its fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Changes in the observability of the valuation inputs may result in a reclassification of certain assets or liabilities. These reclassifications are reported as transfers in/out as of the beginning of the quarter in which the changes occur. There were no such transfers during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.


38


The following table summarizes the carrying value, fair value, and fair value hierarchy of the Bank's financial instruments at March 31, 2016 (dollars in millions). The fair values do not represent an estimate of the overall market value of the Bank as a going concern, which would take into account future business opportunities and the net profitability of assets and liabilities.
 
 
 
 
Fair Value
Financial Instruments
 
Carrying Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Netting Adjustment1
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Cash and due from banks
 
$
242

 
$
242

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
242

Interest-bearing deposits
 
2

 

 
2

 

 

 
2

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
9,000

 

 
9,000

 

 

 
9,000

Federal funds sold
 
4,350

 

 
4,350

 

 

 
4,350

Trading securities
 
5,672

 

 
5,672

 

 

 
5,672

Available-for-sale securities
 
21,019

 

 
21,019

 

 

 
21,019

Held-to-maturity securities
 
5,623

 

 
5,694

 
18

 

 
5,712

Advances
 
101,157

 

 
101,257

 

 

 
101,257

Mortgage loans held for portfolio, net
 
6,667

 

 
6,780

 
112

 

 
6,892

Accrued interest receivable
 
171

 

 
171

 

 

 
171

Derivative assets, net
 
93

 

 
188

 

 
(95
)
 
93

Other assets
 
20

 
20

 

 

 

 
20

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
 
(1,002
)
 

 
(1,002
)
 

 

 
(1,002
)
Consolidated obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount notes
 
(103,699
)
 

 
(103,721
)
 

 

 
(103,721
)
Bonds
 
(42,459
)
 

 
(43,058
)
 

 

 
(43,058
)
Total consolidated obligations
 
(146,158
)
 

 
(146,779
)
 

 

 
(146,779
)
Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
 
(732
)
 
(732
)
 

 

 

 
(732
)
Accrued interest payable
 
(136
)
 

 
(136
)
 

 

 
(136
)
Derivative liabilities, net
 
(112
)
 

 
(1,097
)
 

 
985

 
(112
)
Other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments to fund advances
 

 

 
3

 

 

 
3

Standby letters of credit
 
(2
)
 

 

 
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
Standby bond purchase agreements
 

 

 
2

 

 

 
2


1
Amounts represent the application of the netting requirements that allow the Bank to net settle positive and negative positions and also cash collateral and the related accrued interest held or placed with the same clearing agent and/or counterparty.


39


The following table summarizes the carrying value, fair value, and fair value hierarchy of the Bank's financial instruments at December 31, 2015 (dollars in millions):
 
 
 
 
Fair Value
Financial Instruments
 
Carrying Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Netting Adjustment1
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
 
$
982

 
$
982

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
982

Interest-bearing deposits
 
2

 

 
2

 

 

 
2

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
 
6,775

 

 
6,775

 

 

 
6,775

Federal funds sold
 
2,270

 

 
2,270

 

 

 
2,270

Trading securities
 
4,047

 

 
4,047

 

 

 
4,047

Available-for-sale securities
 
20,988

 

 
20,988

 

 

 
20,988

Held-to-maturity securities
 
6,085

 

 
6,123

 
19

 

 
6,142

Advances
 
89,173

 

 
89,212

 

 

 
89,212

Mortgage loans held for portfolio, net
 
6,755

 

 
6,792

 
112

 

 
6,904

Accrued interest receivable
 
143

 

 
143

 

 

 
143

Derivative assets, net
 
94

 

 
155

 

 
(61
)
 
94

Other assets
 
19

 
19

 

 

 

 
19

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
 
(1,110
)
 

 
(1,110
)
 

 

 
(1,110
)
Consolidated obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount notes
 
(98,990
)
 

 
(98,984
)
 

 

 
(98,984
)
Bonds
 
(31,208
)
 

 
(31,610
)
 

 

 
(31,610
)
Total consolidated obligations
 
(130,198
)
 

 
(130,594
)
 

 

 
(130,594
)
Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
 
(103
)
 
(103
)
 

 

 

 
(103
)
Accrued interest payable
 
(119
)
 

 
(119
)
 

 

 
(119
)
Derivative liabilities, net
 
(102
)
 

 
(705
)
 

 
603

 
(102
)
Other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments to fund advances
 

 

 
(1
)
 

 

 
(1
)
Standby letters of credit
 
(2
)
 

 

 
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
Standby bond purchase agreements
 

 

 
2

 

 

 
2


1
Amounts represent the application of the netting requirements that allow the Bank to net settle positive and negative positions and also cash collateral and the related accrued interest held or placed with the same clearing agent and/or counterparty.

SUMMARY OF VALUATION TECHNIQUES AND PRIMARY INPUTS
 
Cash and Due from Banks. The fair value equals the carrying value.

Interest-Bearing Deposits. For interest-bearing deposits with less than three months to maturity, the fair value approximates the carrying value. For interest-bearing deposits with more than three months to maturity, the fair value is determined by calculating the present value of the expected future cash flows and reducing the amount for accrued interest receivable.

Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell. For overnight and term securities purchased under agreements to resell with less than three months to maturity, the fair value approximates the carrying value. For term securities purchased under agreements to resell with more than three months to maturity, the fair value is determined by calculating the present value of the expected future cash flows and reducing the amount for accrued interest receivable. The discount rates used in these calculations are the rates for securities with similar terms.

Federal Funds Sold. The fair value approximates the carrying value.


40


Investment Securities. The Bank's valuation technique incorporates prices from four designated third-party pricing vendors, when available. The pricing vendors generally use various proprietary models to price investment securities. The inputs to those models are derived from various sources including, but not limited to, benchmark securities and yields, reported trades, dealer estimates, issuer spreads, bids, offers, and other market-related data. Since many investment securities do not trade on a daily basis, the pricing vendors use available information, as applicable, such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings, and matrix pricing to determine the prices for individual securities. Each pricing vendor has an established process in place to challenge investment valuations, which facilitates resolution of questionable prices identified by the Bank. Annually, the Bank conducts reviews of the four pricing vendors to confirm and further augment its understanding of the vendors' pricing processes, methodologies, and control procedures for investment securities.

The Bank's valuation technique for estimating the fair values of its investment securities first requires the establishment of a “median” price for each security. If four prices are received, the average of the middle two prices is the median price; if three prices are received, the middle price is the median price; if two prices are received, the average of the two prices is the median price; and if one price is received, it is the median price (and also the final price) subject to validation of outliers.

All prices that are within a specified tolerance threshold of the median price are included in the cluster of prices that are averaged to compute a default price. All prices that are outside the threshold (outliers) are subject to further analysis (including, but not limited to, comparison to prices provided by an additional third-party valuation service, prices for similar securities, and/or non-binding dealer estimates) to determine if an outlier is a better estimate of fair value. If an outlier (or some other price identified in the analysis) is determined to be a better estimate of fair value, then the outlier (or the other price as appropriate) is used as the final price rather than the default price. Alternatively, if the analysis confirms that an outlier (or outliers) is (are) in fact not representative of fair value and the default price is the best estimate, then the default price is used as the final price. In all cases, the final price is used to determine the fair value of the security. In limited instances, when no prices are available from the four designated pricing services, the Bank obtains prices from dealers.

As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, four prices were received for the majority of the Bank's investment securities and the final prices for those securities were computed by averaging the prices received. Based on the Bank's review of the pricing methods and controls employed by the third-party pricing vendors and the relative lack of dispersion among the vendor prices, the Bank believes its final prices are representative of the prices that would have been received if the assets had been sold at the measurement date (i.e., exit prices) and further, that the fair value measurements are classified appropriately in the fair value hierarchy.

As an additional step, the Bank reviews the final fair value estimates of its private-label MBS holdings quarterly for reasonableness using an implied yield test. The Bank calculated an implied yield for each of its private-label MBS using the estimated fair value derived from the process previously described and the security's projected cash flows from the Bank's OTTI process. These yields were compared to the market yield of comparable securities according to dealers and/or other third-party sources. This analysis did not indicate any significant variances. Therefore, the Bank determined that its fair value estimates for private-label MBS were appropriate at March 31, 2016.

Advances. The fair value of advances is determined by calculating the present value of the expected future cash flows and reducing the amount for accrued interest receivable. For advances elected under the fair value option, fair value includes accrued interest receivable. The discount rates used in these calculations are equivalent to the replacement advance rates for advances with similar terms. In accordance with Finance Agency regulations, advances generally require a prepayment fee sufficient to make the Bank financially indifferent to a borrower's decision to prepay the advances. Therefore, the fair value of advances assumes no prepayment risk.

The Bank uses the following inputs for measuring the fair value of advances:

Consolidated Obligation Curve (CO Curve). The Office of Finance constructs a market-observable curve referred to as the CO Curve. The CO Curve is constructed using the U.S. Treasury Curve as a base curve which is then adjusted by adding indicative spreads obtained largely from market-observable sources. These market indications are generally derived from pricing indications from dealers, historical pricing relationships, recent GSE trades, and secondary market activity. The Bank utilizes the CO Curve as its input to fair value for advances because it represents the Bank's cost of funds and is used to price advances.

Volatility assumption. Market-based expectations of future interest rate volatility implied from current market prices for similar options.

Spread assumption. Represents a spread adjustment to the CO Curve.

41



Mortgage Loans Held for Portfolio. The fair value of mortgage loans held for portfolio is estimated based on quoted market prices of similar mortgage loans available in the market, if available, or modeled prices. The modeled prices start with prices for new MBS issued by GSEs or similar new mortgage loans. The prices are adjusted for credit risk, servicing spreads, seasoning, liquidity, and cash flow remittances. The prices for new MBS or similar new mortgage loans are highly dependent upon the underlying prepayment assumptions priced in the secondary market. Changes in expected prepayment rates often have a material effect on the fair value estimates.

Impaired Mortgage Loans Held for Portfolio. The fair value of impaired mortgage loans held for portfolio is estimated by obtaining property values from an external pricing vendor. This vendor utilizes multiple pricing models that generally factor in market observable inputs, including actual sales transactions and home price indices. The Bank applies an adjustment to these values to capture certain limitations in the estimation process and takes into consideration estimated selling costs and expected PMI proceeds. In limited instances, the Bank may estimate the fair value of an impaired mortgage loan by calculating the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate.  

Real Estate Owned. The fair value of REO is estimated using a broker price opinion or a property value from an external pricing vendor. This vendor utilizes multiple pricing models that generally factor in market observable inputs, including actual sales transactions and home price indices. The Bank applies an adjustment to these values to capture certain limitations in the estimation process and takes into consideration estimated selling costs and expected PMI proceeds.

Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable. The fair value approximates the carrying value.

Derivative Assets and Liabilities. The fair value of derivatives is generally estimated using standard valuation techniques such as discounted cash flow analyses and comparisons to similar instruments. In limited instances, fair value estimates for interest-rate related derivatives may be obtained using an external pricing model that utilizes observable market data. The Bank is subject to credit risk in derivatives transactions due to the potential nonperformance of its derivatives counterparties. The use of cleared derivatives is intended to mitigate credit risk exposure because a central counterparty is substituted for individual counterparties and collateral is posted daily, through a clearing agent, for changes in the fair value of cleared derivatives. To mitigate credit risk on uncleared derivatives, the Bank enters into master netting agreements with its counterparties as well as collateral agreements that provide for the delivery of collateral at specified levels tied to those counterparties' credit ratings. The Bank has evaluated the potential for the fair value of its derivatives to be affected by counterparty credit risk and its own credit risk and has determined that no adjustments were significant to the overall fair value measurements.

The fair values of the Bank's derivative assets and derivative liabilities include accrued interest receivable/payable and cash collateral remitted to/received from counterparties. The estimated fair values of the accrued interest receivable/payable and cash collateral approximate their carrying values due to their short-term nature. The fair values of derivatives are netted by clearing agent and/or counterparty if the netting requirements are met. If these netted amounts are positive, they are classified as an asset and, if negative, they are classified as a liability.

The Bank's discounted cash flow model utilizes market-observable inputs (inputs that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources). The Bank uses the following inputs for measuring the fair value of interest-related derivatives:

Discount rate assumption. The Bank utilizes the Overnight-Index Swap (OIS) curve. 

Forward interest rate assumption. The Bank utilizes the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) swap curve.

Volatility assumption. Market-based expectations of future interest rate volatility implied from current market prices for similar options.

For forward settlement agreements (TBAs), the Bank utilizes TBA securities prices that are determined by coupon class and expected term until settlement. For mortgage delivery commitments, the Bank utilizes TBA securities prices adjusted for factors such as credit risk and servicing spreads.
 
Other Assets. These represent grantor trust assets, which are carried at estimated fair value based on quoted market prices as of the last business day of the reporting period.


42


Deposits. For deposits with three months or less to maturity, the fair value approximates the carrying value. For deposits with more than three months to maturity, the fair value is determined by calculating the present value of the expected future cash flows and reducing the amount for accrued interest payable. The discount rates used in these calculations are the cost of deposits with similar terms.

Consolidated Obligations. The fair value of consolidated obligations is determined by calculating the present value of the expected future cash flows and reducing the amount for accrued interest payable. For consolidated obligations elected under the fair value option, fair value includes accrued interest payable. The discount rates used in these calculations are for consolidated obligations with similar terms. The Bank uses the CO Curve and a volatility assumption for measuring the fair value of these consolidated obligations.

Mandatorily Redeemable Capital Stock. The fair value of capital stock subject to mandatory redemption is generally reported at par value. Fair value also includes an estimated dividend earned at the time of reclassification from equity to a liability (if applicable), until such amount is paid. Capital stock can only be acquired by members at par value and redeemed at par value. Capital stock is not publicly traded and no market mechanism exists for the exchange of stock outside the cooperative structure.
 
Commitments to Fund Advances. The fair value of advance commitments is based on the present value of fees currently charged for similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreement and the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates.

Standby Letters of Credit. The fair value of standby letters of credit is based on either the fees currently charged for similar agreements or the estimated cost to terminate the agreement or otherwise settle the obligation with the counterparty.

Standby Bond Purchase Agreements. The fair value of standby bond purchase agreements is calculated using the present value of the expected future fees related to the agreements. The discount rates used in the calculations are based on municipal spreads over the U.S. Treasury Curve, which are comparable to discount rates used to value the underlying bonds. Upon purchase of any bonds under these agreements, the Bank estimates fair value using the "Investment Securities" fair value methodology.

Subjectivity of Estimates. Estimates of the fair value of financial assets and liabilities using the methods previously described are highly subjective and require judgments regarding significant matters, such as the amount and timing of future cash flows, prepayment speed assumptions, expected interest rate volatility, possible distributions of future interest rates used to value options, and the selection of discount rates that appropriately reflect market and credit risks. The use of different assumptions could have a material effect on the fair value estimates.


43


FAIR VALUE ON A RECURRING BASIS

The following table summarizes, for each hierarchy level, the Bank's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in the Statements of Condition at March 31, 2016 (dollars in millions):
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Netting Adjustment1
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury obligations
 
$

 
$
1,598

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,598

Other U.S. obligations
 

 
237

 

 

 
237

GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations
 

 
3,081

 

 

 
3,081

Other non-MBS
 

 
286

 

 

 
286

GSE multifamily MBS
 

 
470

 

 

 
470

Total trading securities
 

 
5,672

 

 

 
5,672

Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations
 

 
3,906

 

 

 
3,906

GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations
 

 
1,872

 

 

 
1,872

State or local housing agency obligations
 

 
1,046

 

 

 
1,046

Other non-MBS
 

 
290

 

 

 
290

Other U.S. obligations single-family MBS
 

 
2,546

 

 

 
2,546

GSE single-family MBS
 

 
1,535

 

 

 
1,535

GSE multifamily MBS
 

 
9,824

 

 

 
9,824

Total available-for-sale securities
 

 
21,019

 

 

 
21,019

Advances2
 

 
2

 

 

 
2

Derivative assets, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate related
 

 
188

 

 
(95
)
 
93

Other assets
 
20

 

 

 

 
20

Total recurring assets at fair value
 
$
20

 
$
26,881

 
$

 
$
(95
)
 
$
26,806

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bonds2
 
$

 
$
(15
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(15
)
Derivative liabilities, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate related
 

 
(1,097
)
 

 
985

 
(112
)
Total recurring liabilities at fair value
 
$

 
$
(1,112
)
 
$

 
$
985

 
$
(127
)

1
Amounts represent the application of the netting requirements that allow the Bank to net settle positive and negative positions and also cash collateral and the related accrued interest held or placed with the same clearing agent and/or counterparty.

2
Represents financial instruments recorded under the fair value option.


44


The following table summarizes, for each hierarchy level, the Bank's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in the Statements of Condition at December 31, 2015 (dollars in millions):
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Netting Adjustment1
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations
 
$

 
$
237

 
$

 
$

 
$
237

GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations
 

 
3,077

 

 

 
3,077

Other non-MBS
 

 
276

 

 

 
276

GSE multifamily MBS
 

 
457

 

 

 
457

Total trading securities
 

 
4,047

 

 

 
4,047

Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations
 

 
3,985

 

 

 
3,985

GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations
 

 
2,115

 

 

 
2,115

State or local housing agency obligations
 

 
1,047

 

 

 
1,047

Other non-MBS
 

 
278

 

 

 
278

Other U.S. obligations single-family MBS
 

 
2,270

 

 

 
2,270

GSE single-family MBS
 

 
1,605

 

 

 
1,605

GSE multifamily MBS
 

 
9,688

 

 

 
9,688

Total available-for-sale securities
 

 
20,988

 

 

 
20,988

Advances2
 

 
8

 

 

 
8

Derivative assets, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate related
 

 
155

 

 
(61
)
 
94

Other assets
 
19

 

 

 

 
19

Total recurring assets at fair value
 
$
19

 
$
25,198

 
$

 
$
(61
)
 
$
25,156

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bonds2
 
$

 
$
(15
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(15
)
Derivative liabilities, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-rate related
 

 
(705
)
 

 
603

 
(102
)
Total recurring liabilities at fair value
 
$

 
$
(720
)
 
$

 
$
603

 
$
(117
)

1
Amounts represent the application of the netting requirements that allow the Bank to net settle positive and negative positions and also cash collateral and the related accrued interest held or placed with the same clearing agent and/or counterparty.

2
Represents financial instruments recorded under the fair value option.

FAIR VALUE ON A NON-RECURRING BASIS

The Bank measures certain impaired mortgage loans held for portfolio and REO at level 3 fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. The Bank estimates the fair value of these assets based primarily on a broker price opinion or property values from an external pricing vendor. The Bank applies a 20 percent haircut on these values to capture certain limitations in the estimation process and takes into consideration estimated selling costs of 10 percent and expected PMI proceeds. The following table summarizes outstanding impaired mortgage loans held for portfolio and REO that were recorded at fair value as a result of a non-recurring change in fair value having been recorded in the period then ended (dollars in millions):
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Impaired mortgage loans held for portfolio1
$
7

 
$
25

Real estate owned1
1

 
1

Total non-recurring assets1
$
8

 
$
26


1
The fair value information presented for March 31, 2016 is as of the date the fair value adjustment was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2016. The fair value information presented for December 31, 2015 is as of the date the fair value adjustment was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2015.

45



FAIR VALUE OPTION

The fair value option provides an irrevocable option to elect fair value as an alternative measurement for selected financial assets, financial liabilities, unrecognized firm commitments, and written loan commitments not previously carried at fair value. It requires entities to display the fair value of those assets and liabilities for which it has chosen to use fair value on the face of the Statements of Condition. Fair value is used for both the initial and subsequent measurement of the designated assets, liabilities, and commitments, with the changes in fair value recognized in net income.

The Bank elects the fair value option for certain financial instruments when a hedge relationship does not qualify for hedge accounting. These fair value elections are made primarily in an effort to mitigate the potential income statement volatility that can arise when an economic derivative is adjusted for changes in fair value but the related hedged item is not.

For financial instruments recorded under the fair value option, the related contractual interest income and interest expense are recorded as part of net interest income in the Statements of Income. The remaining changes are recorded as “Net gains (losses) on financial instruments held at fair value” in the Statements of Income.

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, net gains on financial instruments held at fair value (i.e. advances and/or consolidated obligation bonds) were less than $1 million. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank determined no credit risk adjustments for nonperformance were necessary to the instruments recorded under the fair value option.

The following tables summarize the difference between the unpaid principal balance and fair value of outstanding instruments for which the fair value option has been elected (dollars in millions):
 
March 31, 2016
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Fair Value
 
Fair Value Over (Under) Unpaid Principal
Advances1
$
2

 
$
2

 
$

Bonds
15

 
15

 


 
December 31, 2015
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Fair Value
 
Fair Value Over (Under) Unpaid Principal
Advances1
$
8

 
$
8

 
$

Bonds
15

 
15

 


1
At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, none of the advances were 90 days or more past due or had been placed on non-accrual status.


46


Note 14 — Commitments and Contingencies

Joint and Several Liability. The FHLBanks have joint and several liability for all consolidated obligations issued. Accordingly, if an FHLBank were unable to repay any consolidated obligation for which it is the primary obligor, each of the other FHLBanks could be called upon by the Finance Agency to repay all or part of such obligations. No FHLBank has ever been asked or required to repay the principal or interest on any consolidated obligation on behalf of another FHLBank. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the total par value of outstanding consolidated obligations issued on behalf of other FHLBanks for which the Bank is jointly and severally liable was approximately $750.9 billion and $775.2 billion.

The following table summarizes additional off-balance sheet commitments for the Bank (dollars in millions):
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Expire
within one year
 
Expire
after one year
 
Total
 
Total
Standby letters of credit
$
5,234

 
$
140

 
$
5,374

 
$
5,482

Standby bond purchase agreements
210

 
386

 
596

 
560

Commitments to purchase mortgage loans
74

 

 
74

 
51

Commitments to issue bonds
17

 

 
17

 

Commitments to issue discount notes
1,000

 

 
1,000

 
2,500

Commitments to fund advances
135

 
55

 
190

 
145

Other commitments
87

 

 
87

 
87


Standby Letters of Credit. A standby letter of credit is a financing arrangement between the Bank and a member. Standby letters of credit are executed with members for a fee. If the Bank is required to make payment for a beneficiary's draw, the payment is withdrawn from the member's demand account. Any resulting overdraft is converted into a collateralized advance to the member. The original terms of standby letters of credit range from less than one month to 13 years, currently no later than 2025. Unearned fees for standby letters of credit are recorded in “Other liabilities” in the Statements of Condition and amounted to $2 million and $2 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

The Bank monitors the creditworthiness of its standby letters of credit based on an evaluation of its borrowers. The Bank has established parameters for the measurement, review, classification, and monitoring of credit risk related to these standby letters of credit. Based on management's credit analyses and collateral requirements, the Bank does not deem it necessary to have any provision for credit losses on these standby letters of credit. All standby letters of credit are fully collateralized at the time of issuance. The estimated fair value of standby letters of credit at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is reported in “Note 13 — Fair Value.”

Standby Bond Purchase Agreements. The Bank has entered into standby bond purchase agreements with state housing associates within its district whereby, for a fee, it agrees to serve as a standby liquidity provider if required, to purchase and hold the housing associate's bonds until the designated marketing agent can find a suitable investor or the housing associate repurchases the bonds according to a schedule established by the agreement. Each standby bond purchase agreement includes the provisions under which the Bank would be required to purchase the bonds. At March 31, 2016, the Bank had standby bond purchase agreements with five housing associates. The standby bond purchase commitments entered into by the Bank have original expiration periods of up to seven years, currently no later than 2020. During both the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Bank was not required to purchase any bonds under these agreements. For both the three months ended March 31, 2016, and 2015, the Bank received fees for the guarantees of less than $1 million. The estimated fair value of standby bond purchase agreements at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is reported in "Note 13 — Fair Value.”

Commitments to Purchase Mortgage Loans. The Bank enters into commitments that unconditionally obligate it to purchase mortgage loans from its members. Commitments are generally for periods not to exceed 45 days. These commitments are considered derivatives and their estimated fair value at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is reported in “Note 10 — Derivatives and Hedging Activities” as mortgage delivery commitments.

Commitments to Issue Bonds and Discount Notes. At March 31, 2016, the Bank had commitments to issue $1.0 billion of consolidated obligation discount notes and $17 million of consolidated obligation bonds. At December 31, 2015, the Bank had commitments to issue $2.5 billion of consolidated obligation discount notes and no commitments to issue consolidated obligation bonds.

47


Commitments to Fund Advances. The Bank enters into commitments that legally bind it to fund additional advances up to 24 months in the future. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank had commitments to fund advances of $190 million and $145 million.

Other Commitments. On December 30, 2013, the Bank entered into an agreement with the Iowa Finance Authority (IFA) to purchase up to $100 million of taxable multi-family mortgage revenue bonds. The agreement expires on June 30, 2016. As of March 31, 2016, the Bank had a commitment to purchase $87 million of bonds under the IFA agreement. To the extent these bonds are purchased by the Bank, they are classified as AFS in the Bank's Statements of Condition.

As previously described in “Note 9 — Allowance for Credit Losses”, the FLA is a memorandum account used to track the
Bank's potential loss exposure under each MPF master commitment prior to the PFI's credit enhancement obligation. For absorbing certain losses in excess of the FLA, PFIs are paid a credit enhancement fee, a portion of which may be performance-based. To the extent the Bank experiences losses under the FLA, it may be able to recapture performance-based credit enhancement fees paid to the PFI to offset these losses. The FLA balance for all MPF master commitments with a PFI credit enhancement obligation was $94 million and $93 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
Legal Proceedings. As a result of the Merger, the Bank is currently involved in a number of legal proceedings initiated by the Seattle Bank against various entities relating to its purchases and subsequent impairment of certain private-label MBS. Although the Seattle Bank sold all private-label MBS during the first quarter of 2015, the Bank continues to be involved in these proceedings. Other than the private-label MBS litigation, the Bank does not believe any legal proceedings to which it is a party could have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Litigation settlement gains are considered realized and recorded when the Bank receives cash or assets that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash or claims to cash. In addition, litigation settlement gains are considered realizable and recorded when the Bank enters into a signed agreement that is not subject to appeal, where the counterparty has the ability to pay, and the amount to be received can be reasonably estimated. Prior to being realized or realizable, the Bank considers potential litigation settlement gains to be gain contingencies, and therefore they are not recorded in the Statements of Income.
The Bank records legal expenses related to litigation settlements as incurred in other expense in the Statements of Income with the exception of certain legal expenses related to litigation settlement awards that are contingent based fees for the attorneys representing the Bank. The Bank incurs and recognizes these contingent based legal fees only when litigation settlement awards are received, at which time these fees are netted against the gains received on the litigation settlement.  During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Bank recognized $137 million in net gains on litigation settlements through other income (loss), due to the settlement of one of the Bank's private-label MBS claims.

Note 15 — Activities with Stockholders

The Bank is a cooperative whose current members own nearly all of the outstanding capital stock of the Bank. Former members own the remaining capital stock to support business transactions still carried on the Bank's Statements of Condition. All stockholders, including current and former members, may receive dividends on their capital stock investment to the extent declared by the Bank's Board of Directors.

TRANSACTIONS WITH DIRECTORS' FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

In the normal course of business, the Bank extends credit to its members whose directors and officers serve as Bank directors (Directors' Financial Institutions). Finance Agency regulations require that transactions with Directors' Financial Institutions be made on the same terms and conditions as those with any other member.


48


The following table summarizes the Bank's outstanding transactions with Directors' Financial Institutions (dollars in millions):
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
 
Amount
 
% of Total
 
Amount
 
% of Total
Advances
 
$
1,354

 
1
 
$
1,606

 
2
Mortgage loans
 
157

 
2
 
151

 
2
Deposits
 
33

 
3
 
17

 
2
Capital stock
 
111

 
2
 
120

 
2

BUSINESS CONCENTRATIONS

The Bank considers itself to have business concentrations with stockholders owning 10 percent or more of its total capital stock outstanding (including mandatorily redeemable capital stock). At March 31, 2016, the Bank had the following business concentrations with stockholders (dollars in millions):
 
 
Capital Stock
 
 
 
Mortgage
 
Interest
Stockholder
 
Amount
 
% of Total
 
Advances
 
Loans
 
Income1
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
 
$
1,990

 
37
 
$
49,500

 
$

 
$
70

Superior Guaranty Insurance Company2
 
35

 
1
 

 
843

 

Wells Fargo Bank Northwest, N.A.2
 
2

 
 

 
45

 

Total
 
$
2,027

 
38
 
$
49,500

 
$
888

 
$
70


1
Represents interest income earned on advances during the three months ended March 31, 2016. Interest income on mortgage loans is excluded from this table as this interest relates to the borrower, not to the stockholder.

2
Superior Guaranty Insurance Company and Wells Fargo Bank Northwest, N.A. are affiliates of Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.

At December 31, 2015, the Bank had the following business concentrations with stockholders (dollars in millions):
 
 
Capital Stock
 
 
 
Mortgage
 
Interest
Stockholder
 
Amount
 
% of Total
 
Advances
 
Loans
 
Income1
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
 
$
1,490

 
31
 
$
37,000

 
$

 
$
99

Superior Guaranty Insurance Company2
 
37

 
1
 

 
899

 

Wells Fargo Bank Northwest N.A.2
 
2

 
 

 
48

 

Total
 
$
1,529

 
32
 
$
37,000

 
$
947

 
$
99


1
Represents interest income earned on advances during the year ended December 31, 2015. Interest income on mortgage loans is excluded from this table as this interest relates to the borrower, not to the stockholder.

2
Superior Guaranty Insurance Company and Wells Fargo Bank Northwest, N.A. are affiliates of Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
 
Note 16 — Activities with Other FHLBanks

MPF Mortgage Loans. The Bank pays a service fee to the FHLBank of Chicago (Chicago Bank) for its participation in the MPF program. This service fee expense is recorded in other expense. For both the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Bank recorded $1 million in service fee expense to the Chicago Bank.

Overnight Funds. The Bank may lend or borrow unsecured overnight funds to or from other FHLBanks. All such transactions are at current market rates. During the both three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Bank did not lend or borrow funds to or from other FHLBanks.

Note 17 — Subsequent Events

In April 2016, the Bank entered into settlement agreements with certain defendants in the Bank’s private-label MBS litigation for $200 million (after netting certain legal fees and expenses). The net settlements will be recorded as additional income in other income (loss) in the Bank's Statements of Income for the quarter ended June 30, 2016.


49


ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and condensed notes at the beginning of this Form 10-Q and in conjunction with our MD&A and Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 21, 2016 (2015 Form 10-K). Our MD&A is designed to provide information that will help the reader develop a better understanding of our financial statements, key financial statement changes from quarter to quarter, and the primary factors driving those changes. Our MD&A is organized as follows:

50


FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

Statements contained in this report, including statements describing the objectives, projections, estimates, or future predictions in our operations, may be forward-looking statements. These statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as believes, projects, expects, anticipates, estimates, intends, strategy, plan, could, should, may, and will or their negatives or other variations on these terms. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risk or uncertainty, and actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied or could affect the extent to which a particular objective, projection, estimate, or prediction is realized. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following:
 
political or economic events, including legislative, regulatory, monetary, judicial, or other developments that affect us, our members, our counterparties, and/or our investors in the consolidated obligations of the 11 Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBanks);

changes in regulatory requirements regarding the eligibility criteria of our membership;

competitive forces, including without limitation, other sources of funding available to our borrowers that could impact the demand for our advances, other entities purchasing mortgage loans in the secondary mortgage market, and other entities borrowing funds in the capital markets;

risks related to the other FHLBanks that could trigger our joint and several liability for debt issued by the other 10 FHLBanks;

changes in the relative attractiveness of consolidated obligations due to actual or perceived changes in the FHLBanks' credit ratings as well as the U.S. Government's long-term credit rating;

changes in our capital structure and capital requirements;

reliance on a relatively small number of member institutions for a large portion of our advance business;

the volatility of credit quality, market prices, interest rates, and other indices that could affect the value of collateral held by us as security for borrower and counterparty obligations;

general economic and market conditions that could impact the volume of business we do with our members, including, but not limited to, the timing and volatility of market activity, inflation/deflation, employment rates, housing prices, the condition of the mortgage and housing markets on our mortgage-related assets, including the level of mortgage prepayments, and the condition of the capital markets on our consolidated obligations;

the availability of derivative instruments in the types and quantities needed for risk management purposes from acceptable counterparties;

increases in delinquency or loss estimates on mortgage loans;

the volatility of reported results due to changes in the fair value of certain assets, liabilities, and derivative instruments;

the ability to develop and support internal controls, information systems, and other operating technologies that effectively manage the risks we face;

the ability to attract and retain key personnel;

member consolidations and failures; and

reliance on the FHLBank of Chicago as MPF provider, and Fannie Mae, Redwood Trust Inc., and Ginnie Mae as the ultimate investors in certain MPF products.
 

51


For additional information regarding these and other risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this quarterly report and in our 2015 Form 10-K. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. Forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Our Bank is a member-owned cooperative serving shareholder members in our district. Our mission is to be a reliable provider of funding, liquidity, and services for our members so that they can meet the housing, business, and economic development needs of the communities they serve. We strive to achieve our mission within an operating principle that balances the trade-off between attractively priced products, reasonable returns on capital stock, and maintaining adequate capital to support safe and sound business operations. Our members include commercial banks, thrifts, credit unions, insurance companies, and community development financial institutions (CDFIs).

Financial Results
On May 31, 2015, we completed the merger (the Merger) with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle (Seattle Bank). The Merger had a significant impact on all aspects of our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. As a result, the financial results for the current period are not directly comparable to the financial results prior to the Merger.

For the three months ended March 31, 2016, we reported net income of $187 million compared to $35 million for the same period in 2015. Our net income, calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), was primarily driven by a $137 million net gain on a litigation settlement, which resulted in $14 million in additional Affordable Housing Program contributions. Excluding these items, net income for the first quarter of 2016 would have been $64 million. Our net income was also impacted by net interest income and other income (loss).

We recorded a net gain on a litigation settlement of $137 million in other income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 as a result of a settlement with one defendant in our private-label mortgage-backed securities (MBS) litigation. As a result of the Merger, we are currently involved in a number of legal proceedings initiated by the Seattle Bank against various entities relating to its purchases and subsequent impairments of certain private-label MBS. Although the Seattle Bank sold all private-label MBS during the first quarter of 2015, we continue to be involved in these proceedings.

Net interest income totaled $103 million for three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to $68 million for the same period last year. The increase was primarily due to an increase in interest income resulting from higher average advance and investment volumes, a portion of which were acquired as a result of the Merger. Our net interest margin was 0.28 percent during both the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.

We recorded a gain of $132 million in other income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to a loss of $9 million for the same period last year. This increase was driven primarily by the litigation settlement discussed above. Other factors impacting other income (loss) include net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities and net gains (losses) on trading securities, as described below.

We utilize derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk, including mortgage prepayment risk. Accounting rules require all derivatives to be recorded at fair value and therefore we may be subject to income statement volatility. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, we recorded net losses of $43 million on our derivatives and hedging activities through other income (loss) compared to net losses of $31 million during the same period last year. These fair value changes were primarily attributable to the impact of changes in interest rates on interest rate swaps that we utilize to hedge our investment securities portfolio. Refer to "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Results of Operations — Hedging Activities" for additional discussion on our derivatives and hedging activities, including the net impact of economic hedge relationships.

Trading securities are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value reflected through other income (loss). During the three months ended March 31, 2016, we recorded net gains on trading securities of $35 million compared to net gains of $19 million during the same period last year. These changes in fair value were primarily due to the impact of changes in interest rates and credit spreads on our fixed rate trading securities and were offset by changes in fair value on derivatives that we utilize to economically hedge these securities.
        

52


Our total assets increased to $154.0 billion at March 31, 2016 from $137.4 billion at December 31, 2015 due primarily to an increase in advances and investments. Advances increased $12.0 billion primarily due to an increase in borrowings from a large depository institution member and insurance company members. Investments increased $5.5 billion primarily due to the purchase of money market investments needed to manage our liquidity position. In addition, we purchased certain U.S. Treasury obligations and MBS during the quarter.

Our total liabilities increased to $148.4 billion at March 31, 2016 from $131.8 billion at December 31, 2015 due primarily to an increase in consolidated obligations issued to fund the growth in advances. Total capital was $5.6 billion at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Total capital was impacted by an increase in retained earnings, offset by a decrease in capital stock, and a decline in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI). Retained earnings increased to $1.0 billion due to net income earned. Capital stock decreased during the first quarter of 2016 due primarily to the reclassification of $0.7 billion of all captive insurance company capital stock to mandatorily redeemable capital stock. This reclassification was in response to the Finance Agency final rule affecting captive insurance company membership eligibility that became effective February 19, 2016. The decrease in capital stock was offset in part by an increase in capital stock as a result of member activity. The change in AOCI was due to unrealized net losses on our government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) and other U.S. obligation available-for-sale securities (AFS). Unrealized losses were primarily attributable to the impact of changes in interest rates and credit spreads.

Refer to “Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Statements of Condition” for additional discussion on our financial condition.

Adjusted Earnings

As part of evaluating financial performance, we adjust GAAP net income before assessments and GAAP net interest income for the impact of (i) market adjustments relating to derivative and hedging activities and instruments held at fair value, (ii) realized gains (losses) on investment securities, and (iii) other non-routine and unpredictable items, including net asset prepayment fee income, debt extinguishment losses, merger related expenses, mandatorily redeemable capital stock interest expense, and net gains on litigation settlements. The resulting non-GAAP measure, referred to as our adjusted earnings, reflects both adjusted net interest income and adjusted net income before assessments.

Because our business model is primarily one of holding assets and liabilities to maturity, management believes that the adjusted earnings measure is helpful in understanding our operating results and provides a meaningful period-to-period comparison of our long-term economic value in contrast to GAAP results, which can be impacted by fair value changes driven by market volatility on financial instruments recorded at fair value or transactions that are considered to be unpredictable or not routine. As a result, management uses the adjusted earnings measure to assess performance under our incentive compensation plans and to ensure management remains focused on our long-term value and performance. Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied, and are not audited. While this non-GAAP measure can be used to assist in understanding the components of our earnings, it should not be considered a substitute for results reported under GAAP.

As a member-owned cooperative, we endeavor to operate with a low but stable adjusted net interest margin. As indicated in the tables that follow, our adjusted net interest income and adjusted net income before assessments increased during the three months ended March 31, 2016 when compared to the same period in 2015. The increase in our adjusted net interest income and adjusted net income was primarily due to an increase in interest income due to higher advances and investment volumes, a portion of which was acquired during the Merger.


53


The following table summarizes the reconciliation between GAAP and adjusted net interest income (dollars in millions):
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
GAAP net interest income
$
103

 
$
68

Exclude:
 
 
 
Prepayment fees on advances, net1
4

 
1

Prepayment fees on investments, net2
2

 

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock interest expense
(4
)
 

Total adjustments
2

 
1

Include items reclassified from other income (loss):
 
 
 
Net interest expense on economic hedges
(5
)
 
(5
)
Adjusted net interest income
$
96

 
$
62

Adjusted net interest margin
0.26
%
 
0.25
%

1
Prepayment fees on advances, net includes basis adjustment amortization.

2
Prepayment fees on investments, net includes basis adjustment amortization and premium and/or discount amortization.

The following table summarizes the reconciliation between GAAP net income before assessments and adjusted net income before assessments (dollars in millions):
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
GAAP net income before assessments
$
208

 
$
39

Exclude:
 
 
 
Prepayment fees on advances, net1
4

 
1

Prepayment fees on investments, net2
2

 

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock interest expense
(4
)
 

Net gains (losses) on trading securities
35

 
19

Net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities
(43
)
 
(31
)
Gains on litigation settlements, net
137

 

Merger related expenses

 
(2
)
Include:
 
 
 
Net interest expense on economic hedges
(5
)
 
(5
)
Adjusted net income before assessments
$
72

 
$
47


1
Prepayment fees on advances, net includes basis adjustment amortization.

2
Prepayment fees on investments, net includes basis adjustment amortization and premium and/or discount amortization.

For additional discussion on items impacting our GAAP earnings, refer to “Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Results of Operations.”


54


CONDITIONS IN THE FINANCIAL MARKETS

Economy and Financial Markets

Economic and market data reviewed during the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC or Committee) meeting in March of 2016 indicated that economic activity had been expanding moderately. Conditions in the labor market continued to show signs of improvement. Growth in household spending and business fixed investments had been moderate and the housing sector had shown further improvement while net exports remained subdued. Inflation had increased in recent months, however it continued to run below the Committee's longer-run objective of two percent, partly reflecting declines in energy prices and non-energy import prices. Market-based measurements of inflation compensation remained low and long-term inflation expectations remained stable. Recent global economic and financial developments, including the rise of the U.S. dollar, may continue to restrain economic activity and likely put further downward pressure on inflation measurements.

In its March 16, 2016 statement, the FOMC stated it expects that, with gradual adjustments in the stance of policy accommodation, economic activity will expand at a moderate pace and labor market conditions will continue to improve toward levels the FOMC judges consistent with its dual mandate to foster maximum employment and price stability. Global economic and financial developments, however, continue to pose risks to these measures. In addition, the FOMC stated it expects inflation to remain near low levels in the near term, due in part to previous declines in energy prices, but expects inflation to rise towards its two percent objective over the medium term as the labor market improves further and the transitory effects of lower energy prices and other factors dissipate. The FOMC will continue to monitor inflation developments closely.

Mortgage Markets

The housing market has continued to improve over the past year, as indicated by rising home prices, lower inventories of properties for sale, and increased housing construction activity along with increased sales of existing homes. The improvement in the housing market has been partly attributable to the continued strengthening of the economy. The outlook for a sustainable recovery in residential sales and home prices remains promising over the long term, as consumer sentiment continues to improve and first time home buyer activity improves. Many market participants, however, expect this recovery to occur at a slower pace than in previous years.

Recent market volatility has resulted in lower mortgage rates, which has resulted in an increase in refinancing volume and has stimulated additional demand for home purchases as the cost of debt has become more affordable.

Interest Rates

The following table shows information on key market interest rates1:
 
First Quarter 2016
3-Month
Average
 
First Quarter 2015
3-Month
Average
 
March 31, 2016
Ending Rate
 
December 31, 2015
Ending Rate
Federal funds
0.36
%
 
0.11
%
 
0.25
%
 
0.20
%
Three-month LIBOR
0.62

 
0.26

 
0.63

 
0.61

2-year U.S. Treasury
0.83

 
0.59

 
0.72

 
1.05

10-year U.S. Treasury
1.91

 
1.96

 
1.77

 
2.27

30-year residential mortgage note
3.76

 
3.73

 
3.71

 
4.01


1
Source is Bloomberg.

In its December 2015 meeting, the FOMC increased the Federal Reserve's key target interest rate, the Federal funds rate, to a range of 0.25 to 0.50 percent and maintained this range during the first quarter of 2016. The Committee's stance on monetary policy remains accommodative, thereby supporting further improvement in labor market conditions and a return to two percent inflation. In determining the timing and size of future adjustments to the target range of the Federal funds rate, the FOMC will assess realized and expected economic progress towards its longer-run goals of maximum employment and a two percent inflation rate. The assessment will take into account measures of labor market conditions, indicators of inflation pressures, inflation expectations, and financial and international developments. The Committee anticipates it will be appropriate for only gradual increases to the target range for the Federal funds rate based on expectations of economic conditions. It is expected the Federal funds rate will remain at low levels until incoming information indicates economic conditions have continued to evolve.

55



The 10-year U.S. Treasury yields and mortgage rates were lower in the first quarter of 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015. Interest rates declined as concerns about growth, inflation, and commodity price declines have impacted markets globally. While the FOMC considers removing monetary policy accommodation as data warrants, foreign central banks have eased monetary policy further in 2016.
 
In its March 16, 2016 statement, the FOMC stated that it is maintaining its existing policy of reinvesting principal payments from the Federal Reserve's holdings of agency debt and agency MBS into agency MBS and of rolling over maturing U.S. Treasury securities at auction. The FOMC also stated that the policy of keeping the Federal Reserve's holdings of longer-term securities at sizable levels should help maintain accommodative financial conditions. The Committee further stated that it currently anticipates that, even after employment and inflation are near mandate-consistent levels, economic conditions may, for some time, warrant keeping the target Federal funds rate below the rate that the Committee views as normal in the long run. This will depend, however, on the economic outlook at that time.

Funding Spreads

The following table reflects our funding spreads to LIBOR (basis points)1:
 
First Quarter 2016
3-Month
Average
 
First Quarter 2015
3-Month
Average
 
 March 31, 2016
Ending Spread
 
December 31, 2015
Ending Spread
3-month
(22.2
)
 
(15.2
)
 
(26.3
)
 
(20.2
)
2-year
4.3

 
(12.5
)
 
(4.0
)
 
(0.2
)
5-year
23.4

 
1.2

 
19.1

 
16.2

10-year
67.1

 
37.7

 
65.1

 
59.5


1
Source is the Office of Finance.

As a result of our credit quality, we generally have ready access to funding at relatively competitive interest rates. During the first quarter of 2016, our longer-term funding spreads relative to London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) deteriorated when compared to spreads at December 31, 2015. While longer-term debt spreads deteriorated relative to LIBOR, spreads on short-term debt relative to LIBOR improved as investor demand increased with market volatility and in response to money market reform. During the first quarter of 2016, we utilized consolidated obligation discount notes in addition to step-up, callable, and term fixed rate consolidated obligation bonds to capture attractive funding, match the repricing structures on advances, and meet liquidity requirements.

56


SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables present selected financial data for the periods indicated (dollars in millions):
Statements of Condition
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
September 30,
2015
 
June 30, 2015 Revised
 
March 31,
2015
Cash
$
242

 
$
982

 
$
765

 
$
483

 
$
342

Investments1
45,666

 
40,167

 
37,911

 
42,754

 
27,059

Advances
101,157

 
89,173

 
74,484

 
68,181

 
63,562

Mortgage loans held for portfolio, net2
6,667

 
6,755

 
6,878

 
7,029

 
6,544

Total assets
154,056

 
137,374

 
120,360

 
118,758

 
97,732

Consolidated obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount notes
103,699

 
98,990

 
77,247

 
70,227

 
60,420

Bonds
42,459

 
31,208

 
36,488

 
41,974

 
32,031

Total consolidated obligations3
146,158

 
130,198

 
113,735

 
112,201

 
92,451

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
732

 
103

 
106

 
119

 
24

Total liabilities
148,420

 
131,749

 
115,242

 
113,774

 
93,445

Capital stock — Class B putable
4,607

 
4,714

 
4,126

 
3,885

 
3,428

Additional capital from merger
163

 
194

 
221

 
246

 

Retained earnings
988

 
801

 
770

 
731

 
729

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(122
)
 
(84
)
 
1

 
122

 
130

Total capital
5,636

 
5,625

 
5,118

 
4,984

 
4,287

 
For the Three Months Ended
Statements of Income
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
September 30,
2015
 
June 30, 2015 Revised
 
March 31,
2015
Net interest income
$
103

 
$
81

 
$
88

 
$
80

 
$
68

Provision (reversal) for credit losses on mortgage loans

 

 
1

 
1

 

Other income (loss)4
132

 
(15
)
 
(12
)
 
6

 
(9
)
Other expense5
27

 
29

 
32

 
56

 
20

AHP assessments
21

 
4

 
4

 
3

 
4

AHP voluntary contributions

 
2

 

 

 

Net income
187

 
31

 
39

 
26

 
35

Selected Financial Ratios6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest spread7
0.25
%
 
0.23
%
 
0.27
%
 
0.28
%
 
0.26
%
Net interest margin8
0.28

 
0.26

 
0.29

 
0.30

 
0.28

Return on average equity
12.92

 
2.31

 
3.08

 
2.35

 
3.30

Return on average capital stock
15.39

 
2.82

 
3.92

 
2.95

 
4.11

Return on average assets
0.50

 
0.09

 
0.13

 
0.10

 
0.14

Average equity to average assets
3.87

 
4.09

 
4.22

 
4.28

 
4.27

Regulatory capital ratio9
4.21

 
4.23

 
4.34

 
4.19

 
4.28

Dividend payout ratio10
16.23

 
88.56

 
66.48

 
92.56

 
74.12


1
Investments include interest-bearing deposits, securities purchased under agreements to resell, Federal funds sold, trading securities, AFS securities, and held-to-maturity (HTM) securities.

2
Includes an allowance for credit losses of $1 million at March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015, September 30, 2015, June 30, 2015, and March 31, 2015.

3
The total par value of outstanding consolidated obligations of the FHLBanks was $896.8 billion, $905.2 billion, $856.5 billion, $852.8 billion, and $812.2 billion at March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015, September 30, 2015, June 30, 2015, and March 31, 2015, respectively.

4
Other income (loss) includes, among other things, net gains (losses) on investment securities, net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities, net gain (losses) on the disposal of fixed assets, and gains on litigation settlements, net.

5
Other expense includes, among other things, compensation and benefits, professional fees, contractual services, merger related expenses, and gains and losses on real estate owned (REO).

6
Amounts used to calculate selected financial ratios are based on numbers in thousands. Accordingly, recalculations using numbers in millions may not produce the same results.

7
Represents yield on total interest-earning assets minus cost of total interest-bearing liabilities.

8
Represents net interest income expressed as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.

9
Represents period-end regulatory capital expressed as a percentage of period-end total assets. Regulatory capital includes Class B capital stock (including mandatorily redeemable capital stock), additional capital from merger, and retained earnings.

10
Represents dividends declared and paid in the stated period expressed as a percentage of net income in the stated period.    

57


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Income

The following table presents comparative highlights of our net income for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 (dollars in millions). See further discussion of these items in the sections that follow.
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Net interest income
$
103

 
$
68

 
$
35

 
51
%
Other income (loss)
132

 
(9
)
 
141

 
1,567

Other expense
27

 
20

 
7

 
35

AHP assessments
21

 
4

 
17

 
425

Net income
$
187

 
$
35

 
$
152

 
434
%

58


Net Interest Income

Our net interest income is impacted by changes in average interest-earning asset and interest-bearing liability balances, and the related yields. The following table presents average balances and rates of major asset and liability categories (dollars in millions):    
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
Average
Balance1
 
Yield/Cost
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Average
Balance1
 
Yield/Cost
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
Interest-earning assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
$
851

 
0.34
%
 
$
1

 
$
523

 
0.10
%
 
$

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
5,217

 
0.35

 
4

 
7,932

 
0.07

 
1

Federal funds sold
4,109

 
0.35

 
4

 
3,937

 
0.10

 
1

Mortgage-backed securities2,3,4
18,720

 
1.15

 
54

 
12,452

 
1.04

 
32

    Other investments2,3,5
13,056

 
1.10

 
35

 
3,807

 
1.68

 
16

Advances3,6
101,611

 
0.68

 
173

 
63,828

 
0.42

 
67

Mortgage loans7
6,703

 
3.66

 
61

 
6,563

 
3.66

 
59

Total interest-earning assets
150,267

 
0.89

 
332

 
99,042

 
0.72

 
176

Non-interest-earning assets
517

 

 

 
567

 

 

Total assets
$
150,784

 
0.89
%
 
$
332

 
$
99,609

 
0.72
%
 
$
176

Interest-bearing liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
973

 
0.05
%
 
$

 
$
551

 
0.01
%
 
$

Consolidated obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Discount notes
105,490

 
0.41

 
109

 
61,477

 
0.10

 
15

Bonds3
36,816

 
1.27

 
116

 
32,306

 
1.16

 
93

Other interest-bearing liabilities8
413

 
3.37

 
4

 
24

 
2.99

 

Total interest-bearing liabilities
143,692

 
0.64

 
229

 
94,358

 
0.46

 
108

Non-interest-bearing liabilities
1,262

 

 

 
999

 

 

Total liabilities
144,954

 
0.63

 
229

 
95,357

 
0.46

 
108

Capital
5,830

 

 

 
4,252

 

 

Total liabilities and capital
$
150,784

 
0.61
%
 
$
229

 
$
99,609

 
0.44
%
 
$
108

Net interest income and spread9
 
 
0.25
%
 
$
103

 
 
 
0.26
%
 
$
68

Net interest margin10
 
 
0.28
%
 
 
 
 
 
0.28
%
 
 
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities
 
 
104.58
%
 
 
 
 
 
104.96
%
 
 

1
Average balances are calculated on a daily weighted average basis and do not reflect the effect of derivative master netting arrangements with counterparties and/or clearing agents.

2
The average balance of AFS securities is reflected at amortized cost; therefore the resulting yields do not give effect to changes in fair value.

3
Average balances reflect the impact of fair value hedging adjustments and/or fair value option adjustments.

4
MBS interest income includes net prepayment fee income of $2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 as a result of AFS MBS prepayments. There were no prepayments received on MBS during the three months ended March 31, 2015.

5
Other investments primarily include U.S. Treasury obligations, other U.S. obligations, GSE obligations, Tennessee Valley Authority obligations, state or local housing agency obligations, and taxable municipal bonds.

6
Advance interest income includes net prepayment fee income of $4 million and $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.

7
Non-accrual loans are included in the average balance used to determine the average yield.

8
Other interest-bearing liabilities consists of mandatorily redeemable capital stock.

9
Represents yield on total interest-earning assets minus cost of total interest-bearing liabilities.

10
Represents net interest income expressed as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.




59


The following table presents changes in interest income and interest expense. Changes in interest income and interest expense that are not identifiable as either volume-related or rate-related, but rather equally attributable to both volume and rate changes, are allocated to the volume and rate categories based on the proportion of the absolute value of the volume and rate changes (dollars in millions).
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 31, 2016 vs. March 31, 2015
 
Total Increase
(Decrease) Due to
 
Total Increase
(Decrease)
 
Volume
 
Rate
 
Interest income
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
$

 
$
1

 
$
1

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
(1
)
 
4

 
3

Federal funds sold

 
3

 
3

Mortgage-backed securities
18

 
4

 
22

Other investments
26

 
(7
)
 
19

Advances
52

 
54

 
106

Mortgage loans
2

 

 
2

Total interest income
97

 
59

 
156

Interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated obligations
 
 
 
 
 
Discount notes
17

 
77

 
94

Bonds
14

 
9

 
23

Other interest-bearing liabilities
4

 

 
4

Total interest expense
35

 
86

 
121

Net interest income
$
62

 
$
(27
)
 
$
35

    
NET INTEREST SPREAD

Net interest spread equals the yield on total interest-earning assets minus the cost of total interest-bearing liabilities. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, our net interest spread remained relatively stable and was 0.25 percent compared to 0.26 percent during the same period in 2015. The primary components of our interest income and interest expense are discussed below.

Advances

Interest income on advances increased 159 percent percent during the three months ended March 31, 2016 when compared to the same period in 2015 due to the higher interest rate environment and higher average volumes. Average advance volumes increased primarily due to borrowings from a large depository institution member and insurance company members, along with advances acquired as a result of the Merger.

Investments

Interest income on investments increased 96 percent during the three months ended March 31, 2016 when compared to the same period in 2015. The increase was due primarily to higher average volumes of MBS and other investments. Average investment volumes increased due to the acquisition of MBS and non-MBS investments as a result of the Merger. We also purchased certain U.S. Treasury obligations and MBS securities during the quarter that met our investments targets.


60


Mortgage Loans

Interest income on mortgage loans increased 3 percent during the three months ended March 31, 2016 when compared to the same period in 2015. The increase was primarily due to an increase in volume due to the acquisition of Mortgage Purchase Program (MPP) loans as a result of the Merger.

Discount Notes

Interest expense on discount notes increased 634 percent during the three months ended March 31, 2016 when compared to the same period in 2015 due to higher discount note rates and higher average volumes. Discount notes were utilized to capture attractive funding, match repricing structures on short-term and variable rate callable advances, and provide additional liquidity. Average volumes also increased due to the assumption of discount notes as a result of the Merger.

Bonds

Interest expense on bonds increased 25 percent during the three months ended March 31, 2016 when compared to the same period in 2015 due to higher average bond volumes and the higher interest rate environment. The increase in average volumes was primarily due to our increased utilization of bonds to capture attractive funding, match repricing structures on short-term and variable rate callable advances, and provide additional liquidity. Average volumes also increased due to the assumption of bonds as a result of the Merger.

Other Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the components of other income (loss) (dollars in millions):
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Net gains (losses) on trading securities
$
35

 
$
19

Net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities
(43
)
 
(31
)
Gains on litigation settlements, net
137

 

Other, net
3

 
3

Total other income (loss)
$
132

 
$
(9
)
    
Other income (loss) can be volatile from period to period depending on the type of financial activity recorded. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, other income (loss) was primarily impacted by a net gain on a litigation settlement of $137 million as a result of a settlement with one defendant in our private-label MBS litigation. Our other income (loss) was also impacted by net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities and net gains (losses) on trading securities, as described below.

We use derivatives to manage interest rate risk, including mortgage prepayment risk. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, we recorded net losses of $43 million on our derivatives and hedging activities through other income (loss) compared to net losses of $31 million during the same period in 2015. These fair value changes were primarily attributable to the impact of changes in interest rates on interest rate swaps that we utilize to hedge our investment securities portfolio. Refer to “Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Results of Operations — Hedging Activities” for additional discussion on our derivatives and hedging activities, including the net impact of economic hedge relationships.

Trading securities are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value reflected through other income (loss). During the three months ended March 31, 2016, we recorded net gains on trading securities of $35 million compared to net gains of $19 million during the same period in 2015. These changes in fair value were primarily due to the impact of interest rates and credit spreads on our fixed rate trading securities and were offset by the changes in fair value on derivatives that we utilize to economically hedge these securities.


61


Hedging Activities

We use derivatives to manage interest rate risk, including mortgage prepayment risk, in our Statements of Condition. Accounting rules affect the timing and recognition of income and expense on derivatives and therefore we may be subject to income statement volatility.

If a hedging activity qualifies for hedge accounting treatment (fair value hedge), we include the periodic cash flow components of the derivative related to interest income or expense in the relevant income statement caption consistent with the hedged asset or liability. We also record the amortization of fair value hedging adjustments from terminated hedges and the amortization of the financing element of our off market derivatives in interest income or expense or other income (loss). Changes in the fair value of both the derivative and the hedged item are recorded as a component of other income (loss) in “Net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities."

If a hedging activity does not qualify for hedge accounting treatment (economic hedge), we record the derivative's components of interest income and expense, together with the effect of changes in fair value as a component of other income (loss) in “Net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities”; however, there is no fair value adjustment for the corresponding asset or liability being hedged unless changes in the fair value of the asset or liability are normally marked to fair value through earnings (i.e., trading securities and fair value option instruments).

The following table categorizes the net effect of hedging activities on net income by product (dollars in millions):
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
Net Effect of
Hedging Activities
 
Advances
 
Investments
 
Mortgage
Loans
 
Bonds
 
Discount Notes
 
Total
Net interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net amortization/accretion1
 
$
6

 
$

 
$

 
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$
5

Net interest settlements
 
(50
)
 
(40
)
 

 
19

 

 
(71
)
Total impact to net interest income
 
(44
)
 
(40
)
 

 
18

 

 
(66
)
Other income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains (losses) on fair value hedges
 
2

 
5

 

 
(8
)
 

 
(1
)
Gains (losses) on economic hedges
 

 
(42
)
 

 

 

 
(42
)
Total net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities
 
2

 
(37
)
 

 
(8
)
 

 
(43
)
Net gains (losses) on trading securities2
 

 
33

 

 

 

 
33

Total impact to other income (loss)
 
2

 
(4
)
 

 
(8
)
 

 
(10
)
Total net effect of hedging activities3
 
$
(42
)
 
$
(44
)
 
$

 
$
10

 
$

 
$
(76
)

1
Represents the amortization/accretion of fair value hedging adjustments on closed hedge relationships and also includes the amortization of the financing element of off-market derivatives.

2
Represents the net gains (losses) on those trading securities for which we have entered into a corresponding economic derivative to hedge the risk of changes in fair value. As a result, this line item may not agree to the Statements of Income.
    
3
The hedging activity tables do not include the interest component on the related hedged items or the gross prepayment fee income on terminated advance or investment hedge relationships.

62


The following table categorizes the net effect of hedging activities on net income by product (dollars in millions):
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2015
Net Effect of
Hedging Activities
 
Advances
 
Investments
 
Mortgage
Loans
 
Bonds
 
Total
Net interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net amortization/accretion1
 
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$
(1
)
 
$
4

 
$
2

Net interest settlements
 
(40
)
 
(32
)
 

 
26

 
(46
)
Total impact to net interest income
 
(41
)
 
(32
)
 
(1
)
 
30

 
(44
)
Other income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains (losses) on fair value hedges
 

 
(5
)
 

 
1

 
(4
)
Gains (losses) on economic hedges
 

 
(27
)
 

 

 
(27
)
Total net gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging activities
 

 
(32
)
 

 
1

 
(31
)
Net gains (losses) on trading securities2
 

 
19

 

 

 
19

Total impact to other income (loss)
 

 
(13
)
 

 
1

 
(12
)
Total net effect of hedging activities3
 
$
(41
)
 
$
(45
)
 
$
(1
)

$
31

 
$
(56
)

1
Represents the amortization/accretion of fair value hedging adjustments on closed hedge relationships included in net interest income.

2
Represents the net gains (losses) on those trading securities in which we have entered into a corresponding economic derivative to hedge the risk of changes in fair value. As a result, this line item may not agree to the Statements of Income.

3
The hedging activity tables do not include the interest component on the related hedged items or the gross prepayment fee income on terminated advance or investment hedge relationships.


NET AMORTIZATION/ACCRETION

Amortization/accretion varies from period to period depending on our hedge relationship termination activities and the maturity, call, or prepayment of assets or liabilities previously in hedge relationships. In addition, amortization is impacted by the financing element of our off market derivatives. Amortization/accretion on advances, investments, mortgage loans, and consolidated obligation bonds during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 resulted primarily from the normal amortization of fair value hedging adjustments.

NET INTEREST SETTLEMENTS

Net interest settlements represent the interest component on derivatives that qualify for fair value hedge accounting. These amounts vary from period to period depending on our hedging activities and interest rates and are partially offset by the interest component on the related hedged item within net interest income. The hedging activity tables do not include the impact of the interest component on the related hedged item.

GAINS (LOSSES) ON FAIR VALUE HEDGES

Gains (losses) on fair value hedges are driven by hedge ineffectiveness. Hedge ineffectiveness occurs when changes in the fair value of the derivative and the related hedged item do not perfectly offset each other. The factors that affect hedge ineffectiveness include changes in the benchmark interest rate, volatility, and the divergence in the valuation curves used to value our assets, liabilities, and derivatives.

GAINS (LOSSES) ON ECONOMIC HEDGES

We utilize economic derivatives to manage certain risks in our Statements of Condition. Gains and losses on economic derivatives are driven primarily by changes in interest rates and volatility and include interest settlements. Interest settlements represent the interest component on economic derivatives. These amounts vary from period to period depending on our hedging activities and interest rates. The following discussion highlights key items impacting gains and losses on economic derivatives.


63


Investments
 
We utilize interest rate swaps to economically hedge a portion of our trading securities against changes in fair value. Gains and losses on these economic derivatives are due primarily to changes in interest rates. Gains and losses on our trading securities are due primarily to changes in interest rates and credit spreads.

The following table summarizes gains and losses on these economic derivatives as well as the related trading securities (dollars in millions):
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Gains (losses) on interest rate swaps economically hedging our investments
$
(37
)
 
$
(21
)
Interest settlements
(5
)
 
(6
)
Net gains (losses) on investment derivatives
(42
)
 
(27
)
Net gains (losses) on related trading securities
33

 
19

Net gains (losses) on economic investment hedge relationships
$
(9
)
 
$
(8
)

Other Expense
The following table shows the components of other expense (dollars in millions):
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Compensation and benefits
$
14

 
$
10

Contractual services
3

 
1

Professional fees
1

 
1

Merger related expenses

 
2

Other operating expenses
4

 
3

Total operating expenses
22

 
17

Federal Housing Finance Agency
2

 
1

Office of Finance
2

 
1

Other, net
1

 
1

Total other expense
$
27

 
$
20


Other expenses totaled $27 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 compared to $20 million for the same period last year. The increase was primarily due to additional costs associated with operating a larger institution as a result of the Merger.

STATEMENTS OF CONDITION

Financial Highlights

Our total assets increased to $154.0 billion at March 31, 2016 from $137.4 billion at December 31, 2015. Our total liabilities increased to $148.4 billion at March 31, 2016 from $131.8 billion at December 31, 2015. Total capital was $5.6 billion at both March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. See further discussion of changes in our financial condition in the appropriate sections that follow.


64


Cash and Due from Banks

At March 31, 2016, our total cash balance was $0.2 billion compared to $1.0 billion at December 31, 2015. Our cash balance was high at the end of 2015 due to limited investment opportunities.

Advances

The following table summarizes our advances by type of institution (dollars in millions):
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Commercial banks
$
65,316

 
$
52,643

Thrifts
2,073

 
2,771

Credit unions
2,281

 
2,647

Non-captive insurance companies
14,771

 
13,601

Captive insurance companies
15,801

 
15,219

Community development financial institutions
3

 
3

Total member advances
100,245

 
86,884

Housing associates
88

 
123

Non-member borrowers
437

 
1,904

Total par value
$
100,770

 
$
88,911


Our total advance par value increased $11.9 billion or 13 percent at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015. The increase was primarily due to an increase in borrowings from a large depository institution member and insurance company members.

The following table summarizes our advances by product type (dollars in millions):
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Amount
 
% of Total
 
Amount
 
% of Total
Variable rate
$
75,159

 
75
 
$
57,942

 
65
Fixed rate
24,442

 
24
 
29,788

 
34
Amortizing
1,169

 
1
 
1,181

 
1
Total par value
100,770

 
100
 
88,911

 
100
Premiums
119

 
 
 
128

 
 
Discounts
(9
)
 
 
 
(9
)
 
 
Fair value hedging adjustments
277

 
 
 
143

 
 
Total advances
$
101,157

 
 
 
$
89,173

 
 

Fair value hedging adjustments changed $134 million or 93 percent at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015 due primarily to an increase in cumulative fair value adjustments on advances in hedge relationships resulting from changes in interest rates.

At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, 73 percent of our advances were variable rate callable advances. Callable advances may be prepaid by borrowers on pertinent dates (call dates) and therefore provide borrowers a source of long-term financing with prepayment flexibility. Interest rates on our variable rate callable advances reset at each call date to be consistent with either the underlying LIBOR index or our current offering rate in line with our underlying cost of funds. We generally fund our variable rate callable advances with either discount notes, LIBOR indexed debt, or debt swapped to a LIBOR index. For additional discussion on our funding strategies, refer to "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity — Sources of Liquidity.”
 

65


At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, advances outstanding to our five largest member borrowers totaled $63.7 billion and $50.5 billion, representing 63 and 57 percent of our total advances outstanding. The following table summarizes advances outstanding to our five largest member borrowers at March 31, 2016 (dollars in millions):
 
Amount
 
% of Total
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
$
49,500

 
49

TH Insurance Holdings Company LLC1
4,000

 
4

HICA Education Loan Corporation1
3,600

 
4

Truman Insurance Company, LLC1
3,588

 
3

Old Georgetown Insurance Company, LLC2
3,037

 
3

Total par value
$
63,725

 
63


    
1
Represents a captive insurance company member whose membership will terminate within five years of the Finance Agency's final rule that became effective February 19, 2016.

2
Represents a captive insurance company member whose membership will terminate within one year of the Finance Agency's final rule that became effective February 19, 2016.

On January 20, 2016, the Finance Agency issued a final rule effective February 19, 2016 that changed the eligibility requirements for FHLBank members by rendering captive insurance companies ineligible for FHLBank membership. As of March 31, 2016, we had 13 captive insurance company members with advances outstanding of $15.8 billion, which represented 16 percent of our total advances outstanding. Of our captive insurance company members, six members with advance balances outstanding of $11.2 billion will have their membership terminated within five years of the effective date of the final rule and seven members with advance balances outstanding of $4.6 billion will have their membership terminated within one year of the effective date, according to the final rule. As indicated in the table above, four of our top five largest member borrowers are captive insurance company members. The magnitude of the impact of the final rule will depend, in part, on our size and profitability at the time of membership termination or maturity of the related advances. For additional discussion on the final rule, refer to "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Legislative and Regulatory Developments.”

We manage our credit exposure to advances through an approach that provides for an established credit limit for each borrower, ongoing reviews of each borrower's financial condition, and detailed collateral and lending policies to limit risk of loss while balancing borrowers' needs for a reliable source of funding. In addition, we lend to our borrowers in accordance with the Federal Home Loan Bank Act of 1932 (FHLBank Act), Federal Housing Finance Agency (Finance Agency) regulations, and other applicable laws and regulations.

The FHLBank Act requires that we obtain sufficient collateral on advances to protect against losses. We have never experienced a credit loss on an advance to a member or eligible housing associate. Based upon our collateral and lending policies, the collateral held as security, and the repayment history on advances, management has determined that there were no probable credit losses on our advances as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Accordingly, we have not recorded any allowance for credit losses on our advances. See additional discussion regarding our collateral requirements in “Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Management — Credit Risk — Advances.”

Mortgage Loans

The following table summarizes information on our mortgage loans held for portfolio (dollars in millions):
 
March 31, 2016
 
MPF
 
MPP
 
Total
Fixed rate conventional loans
$
5,552

 
$
436

 
$
5,988

Fixed rate government-insured loans
540

 
48

 
588

Total unpaid principal balance
6,092

 
484

 
6,576

Premiums
75

 
17

 
92

Discounts
(9
)
 
(1
)
 
(10
)
Basis adjustments from mortgage loan commitments
10

 

 
10

Total mortgage loans held for portfolio
6,168

 
500

 
6,668

Allowance for credit losses
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
Total mortgage loans held for portfolio, net
$
6,167

 
$
500

 
$
6,667

    

66


The following table summarizes information on our mortgage loans held for portfolio (dollars in millions):
    
 
December 31, 2015
 
MPF
 
MPP
 
Total
Fixed rate conventional loans
$
5,602

 
$
464

 
$
6,066

Fixed rate government-insured loans
547

 
50

 
597

Total unpaid principal balance
6,149

 
514

 
6,663

Premiums
76

 
18

 
94

Discounts
(9
)
 
(1
)
 
(10
)
Basis adjustments from mortgage loan commitments
9

 

 
9

Total mortgage loans held for portfolio
6,225

 
531

 
6,756

Allowance for credit losses
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
Total mortgage loans held for portfolio, net
$
6,224

 
$
531

 
$
6,755


Our total mortgage loans decreased slightly at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015. The decrease was primarily due to principal paydowns exceeding mortgage loan purchases. For additional discussion on our mortgage loan credit risk, refer to "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Management — Credit Risk — Mortgage Assets.”


67


Investments

The following table summarizes the carrying value of our investments (dollars in millions):
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Amount
 
% of Total
 
Amount
 
% of Total
Short-term investments1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
$
1

 
 
$
1

 
Securities purchased under agreements to resell
9,000

 
20
 
6,775

 
17
Federal funds sold
4,350

 
10
 
2,270

 
6
U.S. Treasury obligations3
1,598

 
3
 

 
State or local housing agency obligations

 
 
8

 
Total short-term investments
14,949

 
33
 
9,054

 
23
Long-term investments2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
1

 
 
1

 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSE single-family
5,933

 
13
 
6,260

 
16
GSE multifamily
10,294

 
22
 
10,145

 
25
Other U.S. obligations single-family3
2,586

 
6
 
2,317

 
6
Other U.S. obligations commercial3
5

 
 
6

 
Private-label residential
19

 
 
20

 
Total mortgage-backed securities
18,837

 
41
 
18,748

 
47
Non-mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations3
4,143

 
9
 
4,222

 
11
GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations
5,353

 
12
 
5,593

 
14
State or local housing agency obligations
1,807

 
4
 
1,995

 
4
Other
576

 
1
 
554

 
1
Total non-mortgage-backed securities
11,879

 
26
 
12,364

 
30
Total long-term investments
30,717

 
67
 
31,113

 
77
Total investments
$
45,666

 
100
 
$
40,167

 
100

1
Short-term investments have original maturities of less than one year.

2
Long-term investments have original maturities of greater than one year.

3
Represents investment securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.

Our investments increased $5.5 billion or 14 percent at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015. The increase was primarily due to the purchase of money market investments needed to manage our liquidity position. In addition, we purchased certain U.S. Treasury obligations and MBS securities during the quarter that met our investments targets.

At March 31, 2016, we had GSE MBS purchases with a par value of $151 million that had traded but not yet settled. These investments have been recorded as "available-for-sale" in our Statements of Condition with a corresponding payable recorded in "other liabilities". The Finance Agency limits our investments in MBS by requiring that the total book value of our MBS not exceed three times regulatory capital at the time of purchase. At March 31, 2016, our ratio of MBS to regulatory capital was 2.91. At December 31, 2015, our ratio of MBS to regulatory capital was 3.23 due to the Merger, and as a result, we were precluded from purchasing any additional MBS until the ratio fell below 3.00.

We evaluate AFS and HTM securities in an unrealized loss position for other-than-temporary-impairment (OTTI) on at least a quarterly basis. As part of our OTTI evaluation, we consider our intent to sell each debt security and whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery. If either of these conditions is met, we will recognize an OTTI charge to earnings equal to the entire difference between the security's amortized cost basis and its fair value at the reporting date. For securities in an unrealized loss position that meet neither of these conditions, we perform analyses to determine if any of these securities are other-than-temporarily impaired.


68


Refer to “Item 1. Financial Statements — Note 6 — Other-Than-Temporary Impairment” for additional information on our OTTI analysis performed at March 31, 2016. As a result of our analysis, we determined that all gross unrealized losses on our investment portfolio were temporary. We do not intend to sell these securities, and it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost bases. As a result, we did not consider any of these securities to be other-than-temporarily-impaired at March 31, 2016.

Consolidated Obligations

Consolidated obligations, which include bonds and discount notes, are the primary source of funds to support our advances, mortgage loans, and investments. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the carrying value of consolidated obligations for which we are primarily liable totaled $146.2 billion and $130.2 billion.

DISCOUNT NOTES

The following table summarizes our discount notes, all of which are due within one year (dollars in millions):
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Par value
$
103,793

 
$
99,074

Discounts and concessions1
(94
)
 
(84
)
Total
$
103,699

 
$
98,990


1    Concessions represent fees paid to dealers in connection with the issuance of certain consolidated obligation discount notes.
    
Our discount notes increased $4.7 billion or 5 percent at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015. Discount notes were utilized during the first quarter of 2016 to capture attractive funding, match repricing structures on short-term and variable rate callable advances, and to provide additional liquidity.

For additional information on our discount notes, refer to “Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity — Sources of Liquidity.”

BONDS

The following table summarizes information on our bonds (dollars in millions):
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Total par value
$
42,095

 
$
30,899

Premiums
293

 
312

Discounts and concessions1
(33
)
 
(35
)
Fair value hedging adjustments
104

 
32

Total bonds
$
42,459

 
$
31,208


1    Concessions represent fees paid to dealers in connection with the issuance of certain consolidated obligation bonds.

Our bonds increased $11.3 billion or 36 percent at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015. The increase was primarily due to our utilization of bonds to capture attractive funding, match repricing structures on short-term and variable rate callable advances, and to provide additional liquidity. Fair value hedging adjustments changed $72 million or 225 percent at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015 due primarily to an increase in cumulative fair value adjustments on bonds in hedge relationships resulting from changes in interest rates.

For additional information on our bonds, refer to "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity — Sources of Liquidity.”


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Deposits

Deposit levels will vary based on member alternatives for short-term investments. Our deposits decreased $108 million or 10 percent at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015 due primarily to a decline in non-interest-bearing deposits.

Mandatorily Redeemable Capital Stock

We reclassify capital stock subject to redemption from equity to a liability (mandatorily redeemable capital stock) at the time shares meet the definition of a mandatorily redeemable financial instrument. This occurs after a member provides written notice of redemption, gives notice of intention to withdraw from membership, becomes ineligible for continuing membership, or attains non-member status by merger or consolidation, charter termination, or other involuntary termination from membership.

Our total mandatorily redeemable capital stock balance increased $629 million or 611 percent at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015 due primarily to the reclassification of $723 million in captive insurance company capital stock to mandatorily redeemable capital stock in response to the Finance Agency final rule affecting membership eligibility that became effective February 19, 2016. The final rule changed the eligibility requirements for FHLBank members by rendering captive insurance companies ineligible for FHLBank membership. According to the final rule, captive insurance company members that were admitted as members prior to September 12, 2014 (the date the Finance Agency proposed this rule) will have their memberships terminated no later than February 19, 2021. Captive insurance company members that were admitted as members after September 12, 2014 will have their memberships terminated no later than February 19, 2017. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, our mandatorily redeemable capital stock totaled $732 million and $103 million.

Capital

The following table summarizes information on our capital (dollars in millions):
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Capital stock
$
4,607

 
$
4,714

Additional capital from merger
163

 
194

Retained earnings
988

 
801

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(122
)
 
(84
)
Total capital
$
5,636

 
$
5,625


Our capital remained relatively stable at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015. The slight increase was primarily due to an increase in retained earnings, partially offset by a decrease in capital stock, and a decline in AOCI. Retained earnings increased to $1.0 billion due to net income earned. Capital stock decreased during the first quarter of 2016 due primarily to the reclassification of $723 million of all captive insurance company capital stock to mandatorily redeemable capital stock. This reclassification was in response to the Finance Agency final rule affecting captive insurance company membership eligibility that became effective February 19, 2016. The decrease in capital stock was offset in part by an increase in capital stock as a result of member activity. The change in AOCI was due to unrealized net losses on our GSE and other U.S. obligation AFS. Unrealized losses were primarily attributable to the impact of changes in interest rates and credit spreads. Refer to “Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Capital — Capital Stock” for additional information on our capital stock activity.
 
Derivatives

We use derivatives to manage interest rate risk, including mortgage prepayment risk, in our Statements of Condition. The notional amount of derivatives serves as a factor in determining periodic interest payments and cash flows received and paid. However, the notional amount of derivatives represents neither the actual amounts exchanged nor our overall exposure to credit and market risk.


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The following table categorizes the notional amount of our derivatives by type (dollars in millions):
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Interest rate swaps
 
 
 
Noncallable
$
33,861

 
$
33,927

Callable by counterparty
4,537

 
4,976

Callable by the Bank
105

 
79

Total interest rate swaps
38,503

 
38,982

Interest rate swaptions
200

 
200

Forward settlement agreements (TBAs)
56

 
45

Mortgage delivery commitments
74

 
51

Total notional amount
$
38,833

 
$
39,278

    
The notional amount of our derivative contracts remained relatively stable at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015. During the first quarter of 2016, we continued to utilize swapped consolidated obligation bonds in addition to discount notes, to capture attractive funding, match repricing structures on advances, and provide additional liquidity.


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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our liquidity and capital positions are actively managed in an effort to preserve stable, reliable, and cost-effective sources of funds to meet current and projected future operating financial commitments, as well as regulatory, liquidity, and capital requirements.

Liquidity

SOURCES OF LIQUIDITY

We utilize several sources of liquidity to carry out our business activities. These include, but are not limited to, proceeds from the issuance of consolidated obligations, payments collected on advances and mortgage loans, proceeds from the maturity or sale of investment securities, member deposits, proceeds from the issuance of capital stock, and current period earnings.

Our primary source of liquidity is proceeds from the issuance of consolidated obligations (bonds and discount notes) in the capital markets. Although we are primarily liable for the portion of consolidated obligations which are issued on our behalf, we are also jointly and severally liable with the other FHLBanks for the payment of principal and interest on all consolidated obligations issued by the FHLBank System. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the total par value of outstanding consolidated obligations for which we are primarily liable was $145.9 billion and $130.0 billion. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the total par value of outstanding consolidated obligations issued on behalf of other FHLBanks for which we are jointly and severally liable was approximately $750.9 billion and $775.2 billion.

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, proceeds from the issuance of bonds and discount notes were $18.7 billion and $74.7 billion compared to $7.9 billion and $61.1 billion for the same period in 2015. We continued to issue shorter-term discount notes as well as step-up, callable, and term fixed rate consolidated obligation bonds to capture attractive funding, match repricing structures on advances, and provide additional liquidity. We maintained continual access to funding and adapted our debt issuance to meet the needs of our members. During the first quarter of 2016, we continued to experience an increase in short-term funding needs, resulting from market conditions and short-term and callable advance demand, particularly for our variable rate callable advance products, that favored the issuance of shorter-term debt. Access to short-term debt markets has been reliable because investors, driven by risk aversion, have sought the FHLBanks' short-term debt as an asset of choice, which has led to advantageous funding opportunities and increased utilization of consolidated obligation discount notes. However, due to the short-term maturity of the debt, we may be exposed to additional risks associated with refinancing and our ability to access the capital markets.

Our ability to raise funds in the capital markets as well as our cost of borrowing may be affected by our credit ratings. As of April 30, 2016, our consolidated obligations were rated AA+/A-1+ by Standard and Poor's and Aaa/P-1 by Moody's and both ratings had a stable outlook. For further discussion of how credit rating changes and our ability to access to the capital markets may impact us in the future, refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2015 Form 10-K.

The Office of Finance and FHLBanks have contingency plans in place which prioritize the allocation of proceeds from the issuance of consolidated obligations during periods of financial distress if consolidated obligations cannot be issued in sufficient amounts to satisfy all FHLBank demand. In the event of significant market disruptions or local disasters, our President or his designee is authorized to establish interim borrowing relationships with other FHLBanks. To provide further access to funding, the FHLBank Act also authorizes the U.S. Treasury to directly purchase new issue consolidated obligations of the GSEs, including FHLBanks, up to an aggregate principal amount of $4.0 billion. As of April 30, 2016, no purchases had been made by the U.S. Treasury under this authorization.

USES OF LIQUIDITY

We use our available liquidity, including proceeds from the issuance of consolidated obligations, primarily to repay consolidated obligations, fund advances, and purchase mortgage loans and investments. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, payments on consolidated obligations totaled $77.6 billion compared to $66.8 billion for the same period in 2015. A portion of these payments were due to the call of certain bonds in an effort to better match our projected asset cash flows. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, we called bonds with a total par value of $0.3 billion and $7.2 billion.


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During the three months ended March 31, 2016, advance disbursements totaled $58.0 billion compared to $17.5 billion for the same period in 2015. The increase was primarily due to an increase in borrowings from a large depository institution member and insurance company members. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, investment purchases (excluding overnight investments) totaled $33.7 billion compared to $49.3 billion for the same period in 2015. Investment purchases during each period were primarily driven by the purchase of money market investments in an effort to manage our liquidity position.

We also use liquidity to purchase mortgage loans, repay member deposits, pledge collateral to derivative counterparties, redeem or repurchase capital stock, pay expenses, and pay dividends.

LIQUIDITY REQUIREMENTS
Finance Agency regulations mandate three liquidity requirements. First, we are required to maintain contingent liquidity sufficient to meet our liquidity needs, which shall, at a minimum, cover five calendar days of inability to access the consolidated obligation debt markets. Second, we are required to have available at all times an amount greater than or equal to members' current deposits invested in advances with maturities not to exceed five years, deposits in banks or trust companies, and obligations of the U.S. Treasury. Third, we are required to maintain, in the aggregate, unpledged qualifying assets in an amount at least equal to the amount of our participation in total consolidated obligations outstanding. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with all three of the Finance Agency liquidity requirements.
In addition to the liquidity measures previously discussed, the Finance Agency has provided us with guidance to maintain sufficient liquidity in an amount at least equal to our anticipated cash outflows under two different scenarios. One scenario (roll-off scenario) assumes that we cannot access the capital markets to issue debt for a period of 10 to 20 days with initial guidance set at 15 days and that during that time members do not renew any maturing, prepaid, and called advances. The second scenario (renew scenario) assumes that we cannot access the capital markets to issue debt for a period of three to seven days with initial guidance set at five days and that during that time we will automatically renew maturing and called advances for all members except very large, highly-rated members. This guidance is designed to protect against temporary disruptions in the debt markets that could lead to a reduction in market liquidity and thus the inability for us to provide advances to our members. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with this liquidity guidance.
Capital

CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

We are subject to three regulatory capital requirements. First, the FHLBank Act requires that we maintain at all times permanent capital greater than or equal to the sum of our credit, market, and operations risk capital requirements, all calculated in accordance with Finance Agency regulations. Only permanent capital, defined as Class B capital stock (including mandatorily redeemable capital stock), and retained earnings can satisfy this risk-based capital requirement. Second, the FHLBank Act requires a minimum four percent capital-to-asset ratio, which is defined as total regulatory capital divided by total assets. Total regulatory capital includes Class B capital stock (including mandatorily redeemable capital stock), additional capital from merger, and retained earnings. It does not include AOCI. Third, the FHLBank Act imposes a five percent minimum leverage ratio, which is defined as the sum of permanent capital weighted 1.5 times and nonpermanent capital weighted 1.0 times, divided by total assets. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, nonpermanent capital included additional capital from merger. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with all three of the Finance Agency's regulatory capital requirements. Refer to "Item 1. Financial Statements — Note 12 — Capital" for additional information.

CAPITAL STOCK
Our capital stock has a par value of $100 per share, and all shares are issued, redeemed, and repurchased only at the stated par value. We generally issue a single class of capital stock (Class B stock). We have two subclasses of Class B capital stock: membership and activity-based. Each member must purchase and hold membership capital stock in an amount equal to 0.12 percent of its total assets as of the preceding December 31st, subject to a cap of $10.0 million and a floor of $10,000. Each member is also required to purchase activity-based capital stock equal to 4.00 percent of its advances and mortgage loans outstanding. All Class B capital issued is subject to a five year notice of redemption period.


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We reclassify capital stock subject to redemption from equity to a liability (mandatorily redeemable capital stock) when a member provides written notice of redemption, gives notice of intention to withdraw from membership, becomes ineligible for continuing membership, or attains non-member status by merger or consolidation, charter termination, or other involuntary termination from membership.

The capital stock requirements established in our Capital Plan are designed so that we remain adequately capitalized as member activity changes. Our Board of Directors may make adjustments to the capital stock requirements within ranges established in our Capital Plan.

Capital stock owned by members in excess of their capital stock requirement is deemed excess capital stock. Under our Capital Plan, we, at our discretion and upon 15 days' written notice, may repurchase excess membership capital stock. We, at our discretion, may also repurchase excess activity-based capital stock to the extent that (i) the excess capital stock balance exceeds an operational threshold set forth in the Capital Plan, which is currently set at zero, or (ii) a member submits a notice to redeem all or a portion of the excess activity-based capital stock. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had no excess capital stock outstanding.
    
The following table summarizes our regulatory capital stock by type of member (dollars in millions):
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Commercial banks
$
3,353

 
$
2,823

Thrifts
146

 
176

Credit unions
292

 
293

Non-captive insurance companies
816

 
768

Captive insurance companies

 
654

Total GAAP capital stock
4,607

 
4,714

Mandatorily redeemable capital stock
732

 
103

Total regulatory capital stock
$
5,339

 
$
4,817


The increase in total regulatory capital stock held at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015 was primarily due to an increase in member activity. The decline in total GAAP capital stock held at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015 was due to the reclassification of $723 million in captive insurance company capital stock to mandatorily redeemable capital stock in response to the Finance Agency final rule affecting membership eligibility that became effective February 19, 2016. For additional discussion on the final rule, refer to "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Legislative and Regulatory Developments.”

Additional Capital from Merger

We recognized net assets acquired from the Seattle Bank by recording the par value of capital stock issued in the transaction as capital stock, with the remaining portion of net assets acquired reflected in a new capital account captioned “Additional capital from merger.” We treat this additional capital from merger as a component of total capital for regulatory capital purposes. Dividends on capital stock have been paid from this account since the merger date and we intend to pay future dividends, when and if declared, from this account until the additional capital from merger balance is depleted.

Retained Earnings
Our Enterprise Risk Management Policy (ERMP) requires a minimum level of retained earnings and additional capital from merger based on the level of market risk, credit risk, and operational risk within the Bank plus the amount needed to maintain the minimum regulatory capital to total assets ratio. If realized financial performance results in these measures falling below the minimum level, we will establish an action plan as determined by our Board of Directors to enable us to return to our targeted level of retained earnings within twelve months. At March 31, 2016, our actual retained earnings and additional capital from merger were above the minimum level, and therefore no action plan was necessary.

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We entered into a Joint Capital Enhancement Agreement (JCE Agreement) with all of the other FHLBanks in February 2011. The JCE Agreement, as amended, is intended to enhance our capital position over time. It requires us to allocate 20 percent of our quarterly net income to a separate restricted retained earnings account until the balance of that account equals at least one percent of our average balance of outstanding consolidated obligations for the previous quarter. The restricted retained earnings are not available to pay dividends. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, our restricted retained earnings balance totaled $139 million and $101 million. One percent of our average balance of outstanding consolidated obligations for the three months ended December 31, 2015 was $1.2 billion. For more information on our JCE Agreement, refer to "Item 1. Business — Retained Earnings" in our 2015 Form 10-K.

Dividends

Our Board of Directors believes any returns on capital stock above an appropriate benchmark rate that are not retained for capital growth should be returned to members that utilize our product and service offerings. Our current dividend philosophy is to pay a membership capital stock dividend similar to a benchmark rate of interest, such as average three-month LIBOR, and an activity-based capital stock dividend, when possible, at a level above the membership capital stock dividend. Our actual dividend payout is determined quarterly by our Board of Directors, based on policies, regulatory requirements, and actual performance.

The following table summarizes dividend-related information (dollars in millions):
 
For the Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Aggregate cash dividends paid1
$
31

 
$
26

Effective combined annualized dividend rate paid on capital stock
2.82
%
 
2.94
%
Annualized dividend rate paid on membership capital stock
0.50
%
 
0.50
%
Annualized dividend rate paid on activity-based capital stock
3.50
%
 
3.50
%
Average three-month LIBOR
0.62
%
 
0.26
%

1
Amount for 2016 excludes $4 million paid on mandatorily redeemable capital stock, which is recorded as interest expense in the Bank's Statements of Income.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

For a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates, refer to our 2015 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2016.

LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS

Joint Proposed Rule on Incentive-Based Compensation Arrangements

On April 26, 2016, the Finance Agency, jointly with five other federal regulators, issued the rule contemplated by Section 956 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act), which requires implementation of regulations or guidelines to (1) prohibit incentive-based payment arrangements that these regulators determine encourage inappropriate risks by certain financial institutions by providing excessive compensation or that could lead to material financial loss; and (2) require those financial institutions to disclose information concerning incentive-based compensation arrangements to the appropriate federal regulator.

The proposed rule identifies three categories of institutions that would be covered by these regulations based on average total consolidated assets, applying less prescriptive incentive-based compensation program requirements to the smallest covered institutions (Level 3) and progressively more rigorous requirements to the larger covered institutions (Level 1). The proposed rule specifies that the FHLBanks would fall into the middle category (Level 2). The proposed rule would supplement existing Finance Agency executive compensation rules.

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If adopted in its current form, the proposed rule would, among other things, impose requirements related to our incentive-based compensation arrangements for covered persons, related to:
mandatory deferrals of 50 percent and 40 percent of annual incentive based compensation payments for senior executive officers and significant risk takers, respectively, over no less than 3 years;

risk of downward adjustment and forfeiture of awards;

clawbacks of vested compensation; and

limits on the maximum incentive-based compensation opportunity.

Comments are due on the proposed rule by July 22, 2016. We are currently assessing the effect of the proposed rule.
Finance Agency Final Rule on FHLBank Membership

On January 20, 2016, the Finance Agency issued a rule effective on February 19, 2016 that, among other things:

makes captive insurance companies ineligible for FHLBank membership; and

defines the “principal place of business” of an institution eligible for FHLBank membership to be the state in which it maintains its home office and from which the institution conducts business operations.

The rule defines a captive insurance company as a company that is authorized under state law to conduct an insurance business but whose primary business is the underwriting of insurance for affiliated persons or entities.

Captive insurance company members that were admitted as FHLBank members prior to September 12, 2014 (the date the Finance Agency proposed this rule) will have their memberships terminated no later than February 19, 2021. Captive insurance company members that were admitted as FHLBank members after September 12, 2014 will have their memberships terminated no later than February 19, 2017. There are restrictions on the level and maturity of advances that FHLBanks can make to these members during the sunset periods.

    In the final rule, the Finance Agency decided not to adopt certain proposed provisions that would have required FHLBank members to hold specified levels of home mortgage loan assets on an ongoing basis. For additional discussion on the anticipated impact of the final rule on our financial condition and results of operation, refer to "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Statements of Condition — Advances.”






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RISK MANAGEMENT
    
We have risk management policies, established by our Board of Directors, that monitor and control our exposure to market, liquidity, credit, operational, and strategic risk, as well as capital adequacy. Our primary objective is to manage our assets and liabilities in ways that protect the par redemption value of our capital stock from risks, including fluctuations in market interest rates and spreads. We periodically evaluate our risk management policies in order to respond to changes in our financial position and general market conditions.
 
Market Risk

We define market risk as the risk that Market Value of Capital Stock (MVCS) or net income will change as a result of changes in market conditions, such as interest rates, spreads, and volatilities. Interest rate risk, including mortgage prepayment risk, was our predominant type of market risk exposure during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. Our general approach toward managing interest rate risk is to acquire and maintain a portfolio of assets, liabilities, and derivatives, which, taken together, limit our expected exposure to interest rate risk. Management regularly reviews our sensitivity to interest rate changes by monitoring our market risk measures in parallel and non-parallel interest rate shifts and spread and volatility movements.

Our key risk measures are MVCS Sensitivity and Projected Income Sensitivity.

MARKET VALUE OF CAPITAL STOCK SENSITIVITY
  
We define MVCS as an estimate of the market value of assets minus the market value of liabilities (excluding mandatorily redeemable capital stock) divided by the total shares of capital stock (including mandatorily redeemable capital stock) outstanding. It represents an estimation of the “liquidation value” of one share of our capital stock if all assets and liabilities were liquidated at current market prices. MVCS does not represent our long-term value, as it takes into account short-term market price fluctuations. These fluctuations are often unrelated to the long-term value of the cash flows from our assets and liabilities.

The MVCS calculation uses market prices, as well as interest rates and volatilities, and assumes a run-off balance sheet. The timing and variability of balance sheet cash flows are calculated by an internal model. To ensure the accuracy of the MVCS calculation, we reconcile the computed market prices of complex instruments, such as derivatives and mortgage assets, to market observed prices or dealers' quotes.

Interest rate risk stress tests of MVCS involve instantaneous parallel and non-parallel shifts in interest rates. The resulting percentage change in MVCS from the base case value is an indication of longer-term repricing risk and option risk embedded in the balance sheet.

To protect the MVCS from large interest rate swings, we manage the interest rate risk of our balance sheet by using hedging transactions, such as entering into or canceling interest rate swaps, caps, floors, and swaptions and issuing consolidated obligation bonds, including those with step-up, callable, or other structured features.

We monitor and manage to the MVCS policy limits to ensure the stability of the Bank's value. As of March 31, 2016, the policy limits for MVCS are 2.2 percent, 5 percent, and 12 percent declines from the base case in the up and down 50, 100, and 200 basis point parallel interest rate shift scenarios and 2.5 percent, 5.5 percent, and 13 percent declines from the base case in the up and down 50, 100, and 200 basis point non-parallel interest rate shift scenarios. Any policy limit breach requires a prompt action to address the measure outside of the policy limit and the breach must be reported to the Enterprise Risk Committee of the Bank and the Risk Committee of the Board of Directors.

During the first quarter of 2008, due to the low interest rate environment, our Board of Directors suspended indefinitely the policy limit pertaining to the down 200 basis point parallel interest rate shift scenario. In October 2012, our Board of Directors amended the suspension by approving a rule for compliance to the down 200 basis point scenario that reinstates/suspends the associated policy limit when the 10-year swap rate increases above/drops below 2.50 percent and remains so for five consecutive days. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the 10-year swap rate was below 2.50 percent and therefore the associated policy limit was suspended.


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The following tables show our base case and change from base case MVCS in dollars per share and percent change respectively, based on outstanding shares, including shares classified as mandatorily redeemable, assuming instantaneous parallel shifts in interest rates at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:
 
Market Value of Capital Stock (dollars per share)
 
Down 200
 
Down 100
 
Down 50
 
Base Case
 
Up 50
 
Up 100
 
Up 200
March 31, 2016
$
111.1

 
$
113.8

 
$
114.8

 
$
116.0

 
$
116.5

 
$
116.3

 
$
114.7

December 31, 2015
$
110.4

 
$
113.8

 
$
115.4

 
$
116.9

 
$
117.5

 
$
117.5

 
$
116.3

 
% Change from Base Case
 
Down 200
 
Down 100
 
Down 50
 
Base Case
 
Up 50
 
Up 100
 
Up 200
March 31, 2016
(4.3
)%
 
(2.0
)%
 
(1.1
)%
 
%
 
0.4
%
 
0.2
%
 
(1.1
)%
December 31, 2015
(5.5
)%
 
(2.6
)%
 
(1.2
)%
 
%
 
0.5
%
 
0.5
%
 
(0.5
)%

The following tables show our base case and change from base case MVCS in dollars per share and percent change respectively, based on outstanding shares, including shares classified as mandatorily redeemable, assuming instantaneous non-parallel shifts in interest rates at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:
 
Market Value of Capital Stock (dollars per share)
 
Down 200
 
Down 100
 
Down 50
 
Base Case
 
Up 50
 
Up 100
 
Up 200
March 31, 2016
$
116.0

 
$
116.1

 
$
116.2

 
$
116.0

 
$
115.3

 
$
114.8

 
$
112.3

December 31, 2015
$
118.1

 
$
118.2

 
$
117.8

 
$
116.9

 
$
115.4

 
$
114.0

 
$
110.3

 
% Change from Base Case
 
Down 200
 
Down 100
 
Down 50
 
Base Case
 
Up 50
 
Up 100
 
Up 200
March 31, 2016
%
 
0.1
%
 
0.2
%
 
%
 
(0.7
)%
 
(1.1
)%
 
(3.2
)%
December 31, 2015
1.0
%
 
1.1
%
 
0.8
%
 
%
 
(1.3
)%
 
(2.5
)%
 
(5.6
)%

The change in our base case MVCS at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015 was primarily attributable to the following factors:

Option-adjusted spread: The spread between mortgage interest rates and LIBOR, adjusted for the mortgage prepayment option, increased at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015. This had a negative impact on MVCS as it decreased the value of mortgage-related assets.

Increased shares of capital stock: Our capital stock balance increased at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015 due to capital stock issued as a result of increased member advance activity. As we issued this capital stock at par, which is below our current MVCS value, our MVCS was negatively impacted.

Increase in Retained Earnings: We recorded net income of $187 million, which included a gain on a litigation settlement in the amount of $137 million, during the quarter ended March 31, 2016. This had a positive impact on our market value of equity, thereby increasing MVCS.
 
PROJECTED INCOME SENSITIVITY

We monitor projected 24-month income sensitivity to limit short-term earnings volatility of the Bank. The projected 24-month income sensitivity policy limit is based on forward interest rates, and business and risk management assumptions. The risk management assumption may result in a forecast differing from business expectations. The income sensitivity policy limit specifies a floor on our projected return on capital stock for each shock scenario. Our projected return on capital stock is computed as an annualized ratio of projected net income to average projected capital stock over the projection horizon. We were in compliance with the projected 24-month income simulation policy limit at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. For more information on our Projected Income Sensitivity, refer to "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Risk Management" in our 2015 Form 10-K.


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Capital Adequacy

An adequate capital position is necessary for providing safe and sound operations of the Bank. Our key capital adequacy measure is Economic Value of Capital Stock (EVCS). In addition to EVCS, we maintain capital levels in accordance with Finance Agency regulations and monitor retained earnings and additional capital from merger.

ECONOMIC VALUE OF CAPITAL STOCK

We define EVCS as the net present value of expected future cash flows of our assets and liabilities (excluding mandatorily redeemable capital stock), discounted at our cost of funds, divided by the total shares of capital stock (including mandatorily redeemable capital stock) outstanding. This method reduces the impact of day-to-day price changes that cannot be attributed to any of the standard market factors, such as movements in interest rates or volatilities. Thus, EVCS provides an estimated measure of the long-term value of one share of our capital stock.

The following table shows EVCS in dollars per share based on outstanding shares, including shares classified as mandatorily redeemable, at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:
Economic Value of Capital Stock (dollars per share)
March 31, 2016
$
123.0

December 31, 2015
$
123.1

    
The change in our EVCS at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015 was primarily attributable to the following factors:

Increased shares of capital stock. Our capital stock balance increased at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015 due to capital stock issued as a result of increased member activity. As we issued this capital stock at par, which is below our current EVCS value, our EVCS was negatively impacted.

Funding costs relative to the LIBOR swap curve. Our funding costs relative to the LIBOR swap curve decreased at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015. This had a positive impact on EVCS mainly through its impact on the value of mortgage-related assets.

Increase in Retained Earnings. We recorded net income of $187 million, which included a gain on a litigation settlement in the amount of $137 million, during the quarter ended March 31, 2016. This had a positive impact on our retained earnings, thereby increasing EVCS.
 
RETAINED EARNINGS AND ADDITIONAL CAPTIAL FROM MERGER MINIMUM LEVEL AND REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

Our ERMP provides policy limits and requires a minimum level of retained earnings and additional capital from merger based on the level of market risk, credit risk, and operational risk within the Bank. We are also subject to three regulatory capital requirements. For additional information on our compliance with these requirements, refer to “Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Capital".

Liquidity Risk

We define liquidity risk as the risk that we will be unable to meet our obligations as they come due or meet the credit needs of our members and housing associates in a timely and cost efficient manner. To manage this risk, we maintain liquidity in accordance with Finance Agency regulations. For additional information on our compliance with these requirements, refer to “Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity — Liquidity Requirements".

Credit Risk

We define credit risk as the potential that our borrowers or counterparties will fail to meet their obligations in accordance with agreed upon terms. Our primary credit risks arise from our ongoing lending, investing, and hedging activities. Our overall objective in managing credit risk is to operate a sound credit granting process and to maintain appropriate credit administration, measurement, and monitoring practices.


79


ADVANCES

We manage our credit exposure to advances through an approach that provides for an established credit limit for each borrower, ongoing reviews of each borrower's financial condition, and detailed collateral and lending policies to limit risk of loss while balancing borrowers' needs for a reliable source of funding. In addition, we lend to our borrowers in accordance with the FHLBank Act, Finance Agency regulations, and other applicable laws.

We are required by regulation to obtain sufficient collateral to fully secure our advances and other credit products. Eligible collateral includes (i) whole first mortgages on improved residential real property or securities representing a whole interest in such mortgages, (ii) loans and securities issued, insured, or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof, including MBS issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or Ginnie Mae and Federal Family Education Loan Program guaranteed student loans, (iii) cash deposited with us, and (iv) other real estate-related collateral acceptable to us provided such collateral has a readily ascertainable value and we can perfect a security interest in such property. Community Financial Institutions (CFIs) may also pledge collateral consisting of secured small business, small agri-business, or small farm loans. As additional security, the FHLBank Act provides that we have a lien on each borrower's capital stock investment; however, capital stock cannot be pledged as collateral to secure credit exposures.

Borrowers may pledge collateral to us by executing a blanket lien, specifically assigning collateral, or placing physical possession of collateral with us or our custodians. We perfect our security interest in all pledged collateral by filing Uniform Commercial Code financing statements or taking possession or control of the collateral. Under the FHLBank Act, any security interest granted to us by our members, or any affiliates of our members, has priority over the claims and rights of any other party (including any receiver, conservator, trustee, or similar party having rights of a lien creditor), unless those claims and rights would be entitled to priority under otherwise applicable law and are held by actual purchasers or by parties that have perfected security interests.

Under a blanket lien, we are granted a security interest in all financial assets of the borrower to fully secure the borrower's obligation. Other than securities and cash deposits, we do not initially take delivery of collateral pledged by blanket lien borrowers. In the event of deterioration in the financial condition of a blanket lien borrower, we have the ability to require delivery of pledged collateral sufficient to secure the borrower's obligation. With respect to non-blanket lien borrowers that are federally insured, we generally require collateral to be specifically assigned. With respect to non-blanket lien borrowers that are not federally insured (typically insurance companies, CDFIs, and housing associates), we generally take control of collateral through the delivery of cash, securities, or loans to us or our custodians.

Although management has policies and procedures in place to manage credit risk, we may be exposed to this risk if our outstanding advance value exceeds the liquidation value of our collateral. We mitigate this risk by applying collateral discounts or haircuts to the unpaid principal balance or market value, if available, of the collateral to determine the advance equivalent value of the collateral securing each borrower's obligation. The amount of these discounts will vary based on the type of collateral and security agreement. We determine these discounts or haircuts using data based upon historical price changes, discounted cash flow analyses, and loan level modeling.
 
At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, borrowers pledged $299.5 billion and $268.8 billion of collateral (net of applicable discounts) to support activity with us, including advances. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, our advance balances were $101.2 billion and $89.2 billion. Borrowers pledge collateral in excess of their collateral requirement mainly to demonstrate available liquidity and to borrow additional amounts in the future.

Based upon our collateral and lending policies, the collateral held as security, and the repayment history on credit products, management has determined that there are no probable credit losses on our credit products as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Accordingly, we have not recorded any allowance for credit losses on our credit products.

MORTGAGE LOANS

We are exposed to credit risk through our participation in the MPF program and MPP. Mortgage loan credit risk is the risk that we will not receive timely payments of principal and interest due from mortgage borrowers because of borrower defaults. Credit risk on mortgage loans is affected by a number of factors, including loan type, borrower's credit history, and other factors such as home price fluctuations, unemployment levels, and other economic factors in the local market or nationwide.


80


Through our participation in the MPF program, we invest in conventional and government-insured residential mortgage loans that are acquired through or purchased from a participating financial institutions (PFI). We have offered eight MPF loan products under the MPF program: Original MPF, MPF 100, MPF 125, MPF Plus, MPF Government, MPF Government MBS, MPF Xtra, and MPF Direct. While still held in our Statements of Condition, we currently do not offer the MPF 100 or MPF Plus loan products. MPF Xtra, MPF Direct, and MPF Government MBS loans products are passed through to a third-party investor and are not maintained in our Statements of Condition.

Effective May 31, 2015, as part of the Merger, we acquired mortgage loans previously purchased by the Seattle Bank under the MPP. This program involved investment by the Seattle Bank in single-family mortgage loans that were purchased directly from MPP PFIs. Similar to the MPF program, MPP PFIs generally originated, serviced, and credit enhanced the mortgage loans sold to the Seattle Bank. In 2005, the Seattle Bank ceased entering into new MPP master commitment contracts and therefore all MPP loans acquired were originated prior to 2006. We currently do not purchase mortgage loans under this program.

The following table presents the unpaid principal balance of our MPF and MPP portfolios by product type (dollars in millions):
Product Type
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
MPF Conventional:
 
 
 
 
Original MPF
 
$
848

 
$
849

MPF 100
 
21

 
22

MPF 125
 
3,867

 
3,860

MPF Plus
 
816

 
871

MPF Government
 
540

 
547

Total MPF
 
6,092

 
6,149

 
 
 
 
 
MPP Conventional
 
436

 
464

MPP Government
 
48

 
50

Total MPP
 
484

 
514

Total mortgage loan unpaid principal balance
 
$
6,576

 
$
6,663


We manage the credit risk on mortgage loans acquired in the MPF program and MPP by (i) using agreements to establish credit risk sharing responsibilities with our PFIs, (ii) monitoring the performance of the mortgage loan portfolio and creditworthiness of PFIs, and (iii) establishing credit loss reserves to reflect management's estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the portfolio.

Government-Insured Mortgage Loans. For our government-insured mortgage loans, our loss protection consists of the loan guarantee and contractual obligation of the loan servicer to repurchase the loan when certain criteria are met. Therefore, we have not recorded any allowance for credit losses on government-insured mortgage loans.
                                                                                                                                            
Conventional Mortgage Loans. For our conventional mortgage loans, we have several layers of legal loss protection that are defined in agreements among us and our PFIs. For our MPF loans, these loss layers may vary depending on the MPF product alternatives selected and consist of (i) homeowner equity, (ii) primary mortgage insurance (PMI), (iii) a FLA, and (iv) a credit enhancement obligation of the PFI. For our MPP loans, these loss layers consist of (i) homeowner equity, (ii) PMI, and (iii) a LRA. For a detailed discussion of these loss layers, refer to “Item 1. Financial Statements — Note 9 — Allowance for Credit Losses.”


81


Allowance for Credit Losses. We utilize an allowance for credit losses to reserve for estimated losses in our conventional mortgage loan portfolio. The following table presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses on our conventional MPF mortgage loans. The allowance for credit losses on our conventional MPP mortgage loans was less than $1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 (dollars in millions):
 
MPF
Balance, December 31, 2014
$
5

Charge-offs
(4
)
Balance, March 31, 2015
$
1

 
 
Balance, December 31, 2015
$
1

Charge-offs
(1
)
Recoveries
1

Balance, March 31, 2016
$
1


A charge-off is recorded if it is estimated that the recorded investment in a loan will not be recovered. The Bank evaluates whether to record a charge-off based upon the occurrence of a confirming event, including but not limited to, the occurrence of foreclosure or when a loan is deemed collateral-dependent. The Bank charges-off the portion of the outstanding conventional mortgage loan balance in excess of the fair value of the underlying collateral, which is determined using property values, less selling costs and expected proceeds from PMI.

Refer to “Item 1. Financial Statements — Note 9 — Allowance for Credit Losses” for additional information on our allowance for credit losses.

Non-Accrual Loans and Delinquencies. We place a conventional mortgage loan on non-accrual status if it is determined that either the collection of interest or principal is doubtful or interest or principal is 90 days or more past due. We do not place a government-insured mortgage loan on non-accrual status due to the U.S. Government guarantee of the loan and contractual obligation of the loan servicer to repurchase the loan when certain criteria are met. Refer to “Item 1. Financial Statements — Note 9 — Allowance for Credit Losses” for a summary of our non-accrual loans and mortgage loan delinquencies.

INVESTMENTS

We maintain an investment portfolio primarily to provide investment income and liquidity. Our primary credit risk on investments is the counterparties' ability to meet repayment terms. We mitigate this credit risk by purchasing investment quality securities. We define investment quality as a security with adequate financial backings so that full and timely payment of principal and interest on such security is expected and there is minimal risk that the timely payment of principal and interest would not occur because of adverse changes in economic and financial conditions during the projected life of the security. We consider a variety of credit quality factors when analyzing potential investments, including collateral performance, marketability, asset class or sector considerations, local and regional economic conditions, nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) credit ratings, and/or the financial health of the underlying issuer.

Finance Agency regulations limit the type of investments we may purchase. We are prohibited from investing in financial instruments issued by non-U.S. entities other than those issued by U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks, unless otherwise approved by the Finance Agency. Our unsecured credit exposures to U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks include the risk that, as a result of political or economic conditions in a country, the counterparty may be unable to meet their contractual repayment obligations. Our unsecured credit exposures to domestic counterparties and U.S. subsidiaries of foreign commercial banks include the risk that these counterparties have extended credit to foreign counterparties. At March 31, 2016, we were in compliance with the above regulation and did not own any financial instruments issued by non-U.S. entities, other than those issued by U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks, and those approved by the Finance Agency.


82


Finance Agency regulations also include limits on the amount of unsecured credit we may extend to a counterparty or to a group of affiliated counterparties. This limit is based on a percentage of eligible regulatory capital and the counterparty's overall credit rating. Under these regulations, the level of eligible regulatory capital is determined as the lesser of our total regulatory capital or the eligible amount of regulatory capital of the counterparty. The eligible amount of regulatory capital is then multiplied by a stated percentage. The percentage that we may offer for term extensions of unsecured credit ranges from one to 15 percent based on the counterparty's credit rating. Our total overnight unsecured exposure to a counterparty may not exceed twice the regulatory limit for term exposures, or a total of two to 30 percent of the eligible amount of regulatory capital, based on the counterparty's credit rating. At March 31, 2016, we were in compliance with the regulatory limits established for unsecured credit.

Our short-term portfolio may include, but is not limited to, interest-bearing deposits, Federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and U.S. Treasury obligations. Our long-term portfolio may include, but is not limited to, other U.S. obligations, GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations, state or local housing agency obligations, taxable municipal bonds, and MBS. We face credit risk from unsecured exposures primarily within our short-term portfolio. We do not consider investments issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, an agency or instrumentality of the U.S. Government, or the FDIC to be unsecured.

We generally limit unsecured credit exposure to the following overnight investment types:

Federal funds sold. Unsecured loans of reserve balances at the Federal Reserve Banks between financial institutions.

Commercial paper. Unsecured debt issued by corporations, typically for the financing of accounts receivable, inventories, and meeting short-term liabilities.

At March 31, 2016, our unsecured investment exposure consisted of Federal funds sold. The following table presents our unsecured investment exposure by counterparty credit rating and domicile at March 31, 2016 (excluding accrued interest receivable) (dollars in millions):
 
 
Credit Rating 1
Domicile of Counterparty
 
AA
 
A
 
Total
Domestic
 
$
325

 
$

 
$
325

U.S subsidiaries of foreign commercial banks
 

 
300

 
300

Total domestic and U.S. subsidiaries of foreign commercial banks
 
325

 
300

 
625

U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sweden
 

 
500

 
500

Australia
 
300

 

 
300

Canada
 

 
1,100

 
1,100

Germany
 

 
500

 
500

Norway
 

 
500

 
500

France
 

 
325

 
325

Finland
 
500

 

 
500

Total U.S. branches and agency offices of foreign commercial banks
 
800

 
2,925

 
3,725

Total unsecured investment exposure
 
$
1,125

 
$
3,225

 
$
4,350


1
Represents the lowest credit rating available for each investment based on an NRSRO.


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Investment Ratings

The following tables summarize the carrying value of our investments by credit rating (dollars in millions):
 
March 31, 2016
 
Credit Rating1
 
AAA
 
AA2
 
A
 
BBB
 
BB or Lower
 
Total
Interest-bearing deposits3
$

 
$
2

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
2

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
3,500

 

 
1,250

 
4,250

 

 
9,000

Federal funds sold

 
1,125

 
3,225

 

 

 
4,350

Investment securities:


 


 


 


 


 
 
Mortgage-backed securities


 


 


 


 


 
 
GSE single-family

 
5,933

 

 

 

 
5,933

GSE multifamily

 
10,294

 

 

 

 
10,294

Other U.S. obligations single-family4

 
2,586

 

 

 

 
2,586

Other U.S. obligations commercial4

 
5

 

 

 

 
5

Private-label residential

 

 
6

 
10

 
3

 
19

Total mortgage-backed securities

 
18,818

 
6

 
10

 
3

 
18,837

Non-mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury obligations4

 
1,598

 

 

 

 
1,598

Other U.S. obligations4

 
4,143

 

 

 

 
4,143

GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations

 
5,353

 

 

 

 
5,353

State or local housing agency obligations
1,294

 
513

 

 

 

 
1,807

Other
470

 
106

 

 

 

 
576

Total non-mortgage-backed securities
1,764

 
11,713

 

 

 

 
13,477

Total investments5
$
5,264

 
$
31,658

 
$
4,481

 
$
4,260

 
$
3

 
$
45,666


 
December 31, 2015
 
Credit Rating1
 
AAA
 
AA
 
A
 
BBB
 
BB or Lower
 
Total
Interest-bearing deposits3
$

 
$
2

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
2

Securities purchased under agreements to resell
1,625

 
150

 

 
5,000

 

 
6,775

Federal funds sold

 
450

 
1,820

 

 

 
2,270

Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSE single-family

 
6,260

 

 

 

 
6,260

GSE multifamily

 
10,145

 

 

 

 
10,145

Other U.S. obligations single-family4

 
2,317

 

 

 

 
2,317

Other U.S. obligations commercial4

 
6

 

 

 

 
6

Private-label residential

 

 
7

 
11

 
2

 
20

Total mortgage-backed securities

 
18,728

 
7

 
11

 
2

 
18,748

Non-mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. obligations4

 
4,222

 

 

 

 
4,222

GSE and Tennessee Valley Authority obligations

 
5,593

 

 

 

 
5,593

State or local housing agency obligations
1,465

 
538

 

 

 

 
2,003

Other
451

 
103

 

 

 

 
554

Total non-mortgage-backed securities
1,916

 
10,456

 

 

 

 
12,372

Total investments5
$
3,541

 
$
29,786

 
$
1,827

 
$
5,011

 
$
2

 
$
40,167


1
Represents the lowest credit rating available for each investment based on an NRSRO.

2
On April 19, 2016, Fitch downgraded the credit rating on certain state or local housing agency obligations with a carrying value of $295 million to single-A.

3
Interest bearing deposits are rated AA because they are guaranteed by the FDIC up to $250,000.

4
Represents investment securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
5
At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, ten and six percent of our total investments were unsecured.

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Our total investments increased at March 31, 2016 when compared to December 31, 2015. The increase was primarily due to the purchase of money market investments needed to manage our liquidity position. In addition, we purchased certain U.S. Treasury obligations and MBS during the quarter.

At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we did not consider any of our investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired. For more information on our evaluation of OTTI, refer to “Item 1. Financial Statements — Note 6— Other-Than-Temporary Impairment.”

Mortgage-Backed Securities

We are exposed to mortgage asset credit risk through our investments in MBS. Mortgage asset credit risk is the risk that we will not receive timely payments of principal and interest due from mortgage borrowers because of borrower defaults. Credit risk on mortgage assets is affected by a number of factors, including the strength and ability to guarantee the payments from the agency that created the structure, underlying loan performance, and other economic factors in the local market or nationwide.

We limit our investments in MBS to those guaranteed by the U.S. Government, issued by a GSE, or those we determine to be investment quality at the time of purchase. We perform ongoing analysis on these investments to determine potential credit issues. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we owned $18.8 billion and $18.7 billion of MBS, of which approximately 99.9 percent were guaranteed by the U.S. Government or issued by GSEs and 0.1 percent were private-label MBS during both periods.

Our private-label MBS are variable rate securities backed by prime loans that were securitized prior to 2004. We record these investments as HTM. The following table summarizes characteristics of our private-label MBS (dollars in millions):
 
 
March 31, 2016
Credit rating:
 
 
 A
 
$
6

BBB
 
10

BB
 
2

B
 
1

Total unpaid principal balance
 
$
19

 
 
 
Amortized cost
 
$
19

Gross unrealized gains
 

Gross unrealized losses
 
(1
)
Fair value
 
$
18

 
 
 
Weighted average percentage of fair value to unpaid principal balance
 
97.0
%
Original weighted average FICO® score
 
725

Original weighted average credit support1
 
3.9
%
Weighted average credit support2
 
13.0
%
Weighted average collateral delinquency rate3
 
5.5
%

1
Based on the credit support at the time of issuance and is calculated using the current unpaid principal balance of the individual securities.

2
Based on the credit support as of March 31, 2016 and is calculated using the current unpaid principal balance of the individual securities.

3
Represents the percentage of underlying loans that are 60 days or more past due.


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DERIVATIVES

We execute most of our derivative transactions with large banks and major broker-dealers. Over-the-counter derivative transactions may be either executed directly with a counterparty (uncleared derivatives) or cleared through a Futures Commission Merchant (i.e., clearing agent), with a Derivative Clearing Organization (cleared derivatives).

We are subject to credit risk due to the risk of nonperformance by counterparties to our derivative agreements. The amount of credit risk on derivatives depends on the extent to which netting procedures and collateral requirements are used and are effective in mitigating the risk. We manage credit risk through credit analyses, collateral requirements, and adherence to the requirements set forth in our policies and Finance Agency regulations.

Uncleared Derivatives. Due to risk of nonperformance by the counterparties to our derivative agreements, we generally require collateral on uncleared derivative agreements. The amount of net unsecured credit exposure that is permissible with respect to each counterparty depends on the credit rating of that counterparty. A counterparty generally must deliver collateral to us if the total market value of our exposure to that counterparty rises above a specific trigger point. As a result of these risk mitigation initiatives, we do not anticipate any credit losses on our uncleared derivative agreements.

Cleared Derivatives. For cleared derivatives, the Clearinghouse is our counterparty. We are subject to risk of nonperformance by the Clearinghouse and clearing agent. The requirement that we post initial and variation margin through the clearing agent, to the Clearinghouse, exposes us to institutional credit risk in the event that the clearing agent or the Clearinghouse fails to meet its obligations. However, the use of cleared derivatives is intended to mitigate credit risk exposure because a central counterparty is substituted for individual counterparties and collateral is posted daily, through a clearing agent, for changes in the fair value of cleared derivatives. We do not anticipate any credit losses on our cleared derivatives.

The contractual or notional amount of derivatives reflects our involvement in the various classes of financial instruments. Our maximum credit risk is the estimated cost of replacing derivatives if there is a default, minus the value of any related collateral, including initial and variation margin. In determining maximum credit risk, we consider accrued interest receivables and payables as well as our ability to net settle positive and negative positions with the same counterparty and/or clearing agent when netting requirements are met.

The following table shows our derivative counterparty credit exposure (dollars in millions):
 
 
March 31, 2016
Credit Rating1
 
Notional Amount
 
Net Derivatives
Fair Value Before Collateral
 
Cash Collateral Pledged
To (From) Counterparty
 
Net Credit Exposure
 to Counterparties
Non-member counterparties:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset positions with credit exposure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Uncleared derivatives
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Cleared derivatives2
 

 

 

 

Liability positions with credit exposure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Uncleared derivatives
 

 

 

 

Cleared derivatives2
 
23,482

 
(461
)
 
554

 
93

Total derivative positions with credit exposure to non-member counterparties
 
23,482

 
(461
)
 
554

 
93

Member institutions3,4
 
72

 

 

 

Total
 
23,554

 
$
(461
)
 
$
554

 
$
93

Derivative positions without credit exposure
 
15,279

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total notional
 
$
38,833

 
 
 
 
 
 

1
Represents the lowest credit rating available for each counterparty based on an NRSRO.

2
Represents derivative transactions cleared with Clearinghouses that are not rated.

3
Net credit exposure is less than $1 million.

4
Represents mortgage delivery commitments with our member institutions.

86



The following table shows our derivative counterparty credit exposure (dollars in millions):
 
 
December 31, 2015
Credit Rating1
 
Notional Amount
 
Net Derivatives
Fair Value Before Collateral
 
Cash Collateral Pledged
To (From) Counterparty
 
Net Credit Exposure
to Counterparties
Non-member counterparties:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset positions with credit exposure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Uncleared derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   A2
 
$
15

 
$

 
$

 
$

Liability positions with credit exposure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Uncleared derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A2
 
370

 
(11
)
 
11

 

BBB2
 
1,268

 
(23
)
 
23

 

Cleared derivatives3
 
22,851

 
(254
)
 
348

 
94

Total derivative positions with credit exposure to non-member counterparties
 
24,504

 
(288
)
 
382

 
94

Member institutions2,4
 
34

 

 

 

Total
 
24,538

 
$
(288
)
 
$
382

 
$
94

Derivative positions without credit exposure
 
14,740

 
 
 
 
 


Total notional
 
$
39,278

 


 


 



1
Represents the lowest credit rating available for each counterparty based on an NRSRO.

2
Net credit exposure is less than $1 million.

3
Represents derivative transactions cleared with Clearinghouses that are not rated.

4
Represents mortgage delivery commitments with our member institutions.

Operational Risk

We define operational risk as the risk of loss or harm from inadequate or failed processes, people, and/or systems, including those emanating from external sources. Operational risk is inherent in all of our business activities and processes. Management has established policies and procedures to reduce the likelihood of operational risk and designed our annual risk assessment process to provide ongoing identification, measurement, and monitoring of operational risk. Due to the effects of merger integration and the manual nature of many of our processes, we view our operational risk as elevated. To mitigate this risk, we are currently focusing on system upgrades, process and control improvements, and assessments of staffing adequacy.

Strategic Risk

We define strategic risk as the risk of an adverse impact on our mission, financial condition, or current and future profitability resulting from external factors that may occur in both the short- and long-term. Strategic risk includes political, reputation, regulatory, and/or environmental factors, many of which are beyond our control. From time to time, proposals are made, or legislative and regulatory changes are considered, which could affect our cost of doing business or other aspects of our business. We mitigate strategic risk through strategic business planning and monitoring of our external environment. For additional information on some of the more important risks we face, refer to "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our 2015 Form 10-K.


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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

See “Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Management — Market Risk” and the sections referenced therein for quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act) is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms; and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our President and chief executive officer (CEO), and chief financial officer (CFO), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management, with the participation of our President and CEO, and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the quarterly period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, and management's previous identification of material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2015, our President and CEO, and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2016.

As previously disclosed in our 2015 Form 10-K, management identified three material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting:

1.
We did not maintain effective control over multiple changes within our business environment during 2015, including certain implications of the Merger, based on the criteria established in the COSO framework. COSO Principle 9 states that an organization should identify and assess changes that could significantly impact the system of internal controls. As these significant changes occur, the scope and nature of the organization’s leadership, priorities, business model, and business processes and activities need to adapt and evolve because a control infrastructure effective in one set of conditions might not be effective when those conditions change significantly. Our internal control infrastructure failed to effectively adapt to and evolve around multiple business environment changes that occurred during 2015.

2.
We did not maintain effective controls over spreadsheets used in our financial close and reporting process. Specifically, we identified multiple issues with the design and operating effectiveness of controls over key spreadsheets used in our financial close and reporting process.

3.
We did not consistently conform to existing internal control procedures established to ensure appropriate logical access to the Bank’s information technology systems. Specifically, the manual processes used to remove unnecessary employee and contractor access and execute the required management testing of the removal process were not preformed timely as designed as a result of multiple changes within our business environment, including the Merger.
    
Remediation of Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is committed to improving our overall system of internal control over financial reporting and is taking steps to fully remediate the identified material weaknesses. The following briefly describes certain remediation actions we have taken or plan to take to address these material weaknesses:
1.
Management is revising existing risk assessment practices to facilitate timely, recurring evaluations of internal controls over financial reporting for known and/or expected changes in our business environment during each calendar year. This process includes a complete review and assessment of our system of internal control over financial reporting conducted by an independent third party working closely with Bank staff. Management is adding staff to support this critical business function.

2.
Management is completing a design of a new control structure surrounding spreadsheets and other applications used in the financial reporting and close process as part of a comprehensive project to address the related material weakness. Once completed, this project will increase the number and effectiveness of controls surrounding spreadsheets utilized in the financial reporting process.


88


3.
Management has completed a plan to enhance access controls over key IT applications used in the financial reporting and close process. This plan includes strengthening existing controls, adding additional controls and adding staff to IT to support the effective execution of these controls.
Management believes that the measures described above should be sufficient to strengthen our internal control over financial reporting and remediate the identified material weaknesses. We cannot assure you, however, that these steps will remediate such weaknesses, nor can we be certain of whether additional actions will be required or the costs of any such actions. The material weaknesses cannot be considered remediated until the applicable remedial actions and resulting internal controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the quarter ended March 31, 2016, management continued to take steps to remediate the material weaknesses and other control deficiencies identified at December 31, 2015. Other than these remediation steps, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the first quarter of 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting at March 31, 2016.



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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
    
As a result of the Merger, we are currently involved in a number of legal proceedings initiated by the Seattle Bank against various entities relating to its purchases and subsequent impairments of certain private-label MBS, as described below. Although the Seattle Bank sold all private-label MBS during the first quarter of 2015, we continue to be involved in these proceedings. The private-label MBS litigation is described in “Part I. Item 3. Legal Proceedings” in our 2015 Form 10-K and below. After consultation with legal counsel, other than the private-label MBS litigation, we do not believe any legal proceedings to which we are a party could have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Private-Label MBS Litigation

As the Seattle Bank previously reported, in December of 2009, it filed 11 complaints in the Superior Court of Washington for King County relating to private-label MBS that it purchased from various dealers and financial institutions in an aggregate original principal amount of approximately $4 billion. The Seattle Bank's complaints under Washington State law requested rescission of its purchases of the securities and repurchases of the securities by the defendants for the original purchase prices plus eight percent per annum (plus related costs), minus distributions on the securities received by the Seattle Bank. The Seattle Bank asserted that the defendants made untrue statements and omitted important information in connection with their sales of the securities to the Seattle Bank.

In October 2010, each defendant group filed a motion to dismiss the proceedings against it. The issues raised by those motions were fully briefed and were the subject of oral arguments that occurred in March and April 2011. In a series of decisions handed down in June, July, and August 2011, the judge handling the pre-trial motions ruled in favor of the Seattle Bank on all issues, except that the judge granted the defendants' motions to dismiss certain of the Seattle Bank's allegations of misrepresentation as to owner occupancy of properties securing loans in the securitized loan pools. In addition, the judge granted motions to dismiss a group of related entities as defendants in one of the 11 cases for lack of personal jurisdiction. The resolution of the pre-trial motions allowed the cases to proceed to the discovery phase, which is complete. In a series of rulings in November 2015, the judge denied the defendants' motions for summary judgment on common issues and granted Seattle Bank's motion to strike the seller defendants' due diligence defenses. The Court has ruled on one defendant’s summary judgment motion on individual issues, granting summary judgment for the defendant as to two certificates and denying summary judgment as to two other certificates. Other defendants' motions for summary judgment on individual issues are fully briefed and are awaiting decision. Of the 11 cases initially filed, only four remain active. As of April 30, 2016, these four actions cover private-label MBS in the aggregate original principal amount of $1.5 billion. The first trials for the remaining four defendant groups will likely be held no earlier than the last quarter of 2016. Estimating the timing of trials, however, can be very difficult, and actual trial dates may be earlier or later than our estimate.

Litigation Settlement Gains

Litigation settlement gains are considered realized and recorded when we receive cash or assets that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash or claims to cash. In addition, litigation settlement gains are considered realizable and recorded when we enter into a signed agreement that is not subject to appeal, where the counterparty has the ability to pay, and the amount to be received can be reasonably estimated. Prior to being realized or realizable, we consider potential litigation settlement gains to be gain contingencies, and therefore they are not recorded in the Statements of Income.
We record legal expenses related to litigation settlements as incurred in other expenses in the Statements of Income with the exception of certain legal expenses related to litigation settlement awards that are contingent based fees for the attorneys representing the Bank. We incur and recognize these contingent based legal fees only when litigation settlement awards are received, at which time these fees are netted against the gains received on the litigation settlement. 
During the three months ended March 31, 2016, we settled one of our private-label MBS claims and recognized $137 million in net gains on litigation settlements. We continue to pursue litigation with the other defendants. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, we did not record any net gains on litigation settlements.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

For a discussion of our risk factors, refer to our 2015 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to our risk factors during the three months ended March 31, 2016.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
 
Not applicable.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.


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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
3.1
Organization Certificate of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines, as amended and restated effective May 31, 20151 
3.2
Bylaws of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines, as amended and restated effective February 10, 20162
4.1
Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines Capital Plan, as amended and approved by the Federal Housing Finance Agency on May 31, 20151
10.1
Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines Fifth Amended and Restated Benefit Equalization Plan, effective January 1, 20163
10.2
2016 Director Fee Policy, effective January 1, 20163
31.1
Certification of the President and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1
Certification of the President and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

1
Incorporated by reference to our Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 1, 2015 (Commission File No. 000-51999).

2
Incorporated by reference to our Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 17, 2016 (Commission File No. 000-51999).

3
Incorporated by reference to our Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 21, 2016 (Commission File No. 000-51999).



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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF DES MOINES
 
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date:
 
May 9, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ Michael L. Wilson
 
 
 
 
Michael L. Wilson
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ Ardis E. Kelley
 
 
 
 
Ardis E. Kelley
Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
 
 
 


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