UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2015

or

For the transition period from                      to                     .

Commission file number: 001-36828

 

Nexvet Biopharma
public limited company

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

Unit 5, Sragh Technology Park

Rahan Road, Tullamore

Co. Offaly, R35 FR98, Ireland

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

+353 5793 24522

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S‑T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act of 1934.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act of 1934).    Yes  ¨    No  ý

As of January 29, 2016, the registrant had approximately 11,558,133 ordinary shares, nominal value $0.125, outstanding.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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NEXVET BIOPHARMA PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

 

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING StatementS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.  Forward-looking statements consist of all statements other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, results of any current or future pivotal safety and efficacy study, future expenditures relating to our lead product candidates, time for completion of any of our studies, ability to develop our pipeline of product candidates, business strategy, prospective products, ability to successfully manufacture our own product candidates, ability to obtain product approvals, research and development costs, timing and likelihood of success, plans and objectives of management for future operations, and future results of current and anticipated products.  These statements relate to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.  The words “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “objective,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “position,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words.  These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about our business and the industry in which we operate, and management’s beliefs and assumptions are not guarantees of future performance or development and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations expressed in this report include those summarized under Risk Factors elsewhere in this report or included in our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on September 3, 2015.  Given these risks and uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.  Also, forward-looking statements represent our management’s beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of this report.  Except as required by law, we do not intend, and undertake no obligation, to revise or update these forward-looking statements or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise indicates, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Nexvet,” “Nexvet Biopharma plc” or the “Company” refer to Nexvet Biopharma public limited company and its consolidated subsidiaries.

 

 

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PART 1 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

 

Item 1. Financial Statements

 

Condensed consolidated Balance Sheets
(unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

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condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Convertible Preference shares and Shareholders’ EQUITY (Deficit)

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

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CONDENSED ConsolidaTed Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

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Notes to CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

 

 

1. Organization and Description of Business

Nexvet Biopharma public limited company and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on transforming the therapeutic market for companion animals by developing and commercializing novel, species-specific biologics based on human biologics.  Biologics are therapeutic proteins derived from biological sources.  As a class, biologics have transformed human medicine in recent decades and represent some of the top-selling therapies on the market today.  The Company’s proprietary platform, which it refers to as “PETization,” is an algorithmic approach that enables the Company to rapidly create monoclonal antibodies (“mAbs”) a type of biologic, that are designed to be recognized as “self” or “native” by an animal’s immune system, a property referred to as “100% species-specificity.”  PETization is also designed to build upon the safety and efficacy data from clinically tested human therapies to create new therapies for companion animals, thereby reducing clinical risk and development cost.  

Biologics generally include mAbs, which are targeted antibodies derived from identical (“clonal”) cells and fusion proteins, which are proteins created by joining two or more genes coded for separate proteins. The Company’s first product candidate, NV‑01, is a mAb that targets and inhibits the function of nerve growth factor (“NGF”) for the control of pain associated with osteoarthritis in dogs.  NGF is a protein involved in neural signaling, including pain signals, and NGF inhibitors (“anti-NGFs”) seek to interrupt those signals to reduce pain. In November 2015, the Company announced its pivotal safety and efficacy study of NV-01 met its primary efficacy endpoint: a statistically significant improvement over placebo in the assessed level of pain (p=0.038) as measured using changes in Client-Specific Outcome Measures (“CSOM”) score between enrollment and day 28.  This study’s design was agreed under protocol concurrence with the Center for Veterinary Medicine (“CVM”) at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). NV-01 was found to be safe and well-tolerated with no significant adverse safety signals observed in the study. Clinically meaningful magnitudes of benefit and statistically significant differences over placebo were also achieved for the majority of the secondary endpoints measured in the study. Collectively, the results of this study constitute a substantial body of efficacy data that Nexvet intends to use as the basis of its planned submissions for marketing authorizations in both the U.S. and Europe.  The United States Adopted Name (“USAN”) Council has approved the generic name “ranevetmab” for NV-01.

The Company’s second product candidate, NV‑02, is an anti-NGF mAb for the control of pain associated with osteoarthritis in cats.  The Company announced positive top-line results from a proof-of-concept efficacy study and its pilot safety study of NV‑02 in June 2015. In October 2015, the Company announced the commencement of a placebo-controlled, blinded, multi-site pilot field safety and efficacy study targeting enrollment of 90 cats with naturally occurring osteoarthritis.  The Company anticipates results from this pilot field study in the second quarter of 2016.  The Company’s next most advanced programs are in the area of inflammation, and include NV-08, a fusion proteins that is a tumor necrosis factor (“TNF”) inhibitor for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, in dogs.  TNF is a protein that causes inflammation, and TNF inhibitors (“anti‑TNFs”) suppress this inflammation. The Company’s is conducting proof-of-concept studies for candidates in inflammation (including NV-08), which if successful, the Company will consider for progression into formal development.  Primarily using PETization, the Company has built a research and development pipeline of 15 biologic programs in the areas of pain, allergy, inflammation and immuno-oncology.

The Company has experienced losses since its inception and had an accumulated deficit of $33.3 million and $23.7 million as of December 31 and June 30, 2015, respectively.  For the foreseeable future, management expects the Company to continue to incur losses and negative cash flows, which will increase significantly from historical levels as the Company expands its development activities, seeks regulatory approvals for its lead product candidates and begins to commercialize any approved products.  To date, the Company has been funded primarily through sales of capital shares.  Management believes the Company’s cash of $43.1 million as of December 31, 2015 will be sufficient to fund its operations for at least the next 12 months.

The Company will require additional capital until such time as the Company can generate revenue in excess of operating expenses.  The Company may seek such funding through public or private equity or debt financing or other sources, such as corporate collaborations and licensing arrangements.  The Company may not be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms, or at all.  The sale of additional equity would result in additional dilution to the Company’s shareholders, and the terms of any financing may adversely affect the rights of the Company’s shareholders.  The incurrence of any debt financing could result in debt service obligations and the instruments governing such debt could provide for operating and financing covenants that would restrict the Company’s operations.  If the Company is unable to obtain funding, the Company could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate its research and development programs or commercialization efforts, which could adversely affect its business prospects.

In August 2014, Nexvet Australia Pty Ltd (“Nexvet Australia”) completed a one-for-four share consolidation pursuant to which each holder of ordinary shares and preference shares received one ordinary share or preference share for every four ordinary shares or preference shares as applicable, held by such holder.  The number of ordinary shares that may be acquired upon exercise of options or warrants or upon conversion of restricted share units was similarly reduced on a one-for-four basis, with a proportionate adjustment to the exercise or conversion price, as applicable.

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In September 2014, Nexvet Biopharma Limited, a newly formed Irish private company, became the parent company of Nexvet Australia and its subsidiaries pursuant to a transaction in which all of the holders of securities of Nexvet Australia exchanged their holdings for equivalent securities, as applicable, of Nexvet Biopharma Limited.  Nexvet Biopharma Limited then re-registered as an Irish public limited company in September 2014 (such exchange and re-registration is referred to as the “Irish Reorganization”).  Nexvet Biopharma public limited company became the parent company of Nexvet Australia pursuant to the Irish Reorganization, and for financial reporting purposes the historical consolidated financial statements of Nexvet Australia became the historical consolidated financial statements of Nexvet Biopharma public limited company and its subsidiaries as a continuation of the predecessor.  The capital structure presented is that of Nexvet Biopharma public limited company.

In November 2014, the Company completed a four-for-five share consolidation pursuant to which each holder of ordinary shares and preference shares received four ordinary shares or four preference shares for every five ordinary shares or five preference shares as applicable, held by such holder.  The number of ordinary shares that may be acquired upon exercise of options or warrants or upon conversion of restricted share units was similarly reduced on a four-for-five basis, with a proportionate adjustment to the exercise or conversion price, as applicable.

In February 2015, the Company closed its initial public offering of 4.0 million ordinary shares at a price to the public of $10.00 per share.  In March 2015, the underwriters partially exercised their over-allotment option and purchased an additional 0.2 million shares. Following the sales of these securities, the Company received aggregate gross proceeds of $41.8 million and aggregate net proceeds of $38.0 million, after deducting the underwriting discount of $2.9 million and offering expenses of $0.9 million payable by the Company.  Upon the initial closing, an amended Memorandum and Articles of Association became effective for the Company and all 5,937,160 convertible preference shares then outstanding were converted into 5,937,160 ordinary shares.

In September 2015, the Company secured a biologics manufacturing facility in Tullamore, Ireland. The Company secured the manufacturing assets within the facility for $2.0 million and have entered into a 10‑year lease on the facility, with an option to purchase the building.

 

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the operations of all its wholly‑owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”).  Such operations include the Company, Nexvet Australia, NVIP Pty Limited, Nexvet Ireland Limited, Tevxen Limited, BioNua Limited, Nexvet UK Limited and Nexvet US, Inc.  All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.  The Company’s fiscal year ends on June 30, and references to any fiscal year are to the Company’s year ended June 30 in that year.  

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures as of December 31, 2015 and for the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of December 31, 2015 and the results of its operations and comprehensive loss and its cash flows for the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. The financial data and other information disclosed in these notes related to the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are unaudited. The results for the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for a full year, any other interim periods or any future year or period.

These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of and for the year ended June 30, 2015 included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10‑K filed with the SEC on September 3, 2015. The condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2015 was derived from audited consolidated financial statements.

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Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period.  Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include research and development incentive income, research and development accruals, the likelihood that attaching conditions will be met for government grants, share-based payments, valuation of warrants, options and restricted share units and deferred income taxes.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Net Loss Per Share

Net loss per share information is determined using the two-class method, which includes the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period and other securities that participate in dividends (a participating security).  The Company’s convertible preference shares were participating securities as defined by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 260‑10, Earnings Per Share.  Net loss per share disclosures have been revised to give effect to the share consolidations that took place in the reporting period.

Under the two-class method, basic net loss per share applicable to ordinary shareholders is computed by dividing the net loss applicable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the reporting period.

Diluted net loss per share gives effect to all potentially dilutive securities, including convertible preference shares and shares issuable upon the exercise or conversion, as applicable, of outstanding warrants, share options and restricted share units, using the treasury shares method.  The Company has excluded the effects of all potentially dilutive shares, which include convertible preference shares, warrants to purchase ordinary shares, ordinary share options, restricted share units and the ordinary shares issued subject to limited recourse loans, from the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding as their inclusion in the computation for all periods would be anti-dilutive due to net losses.

Cash

As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, the Company’s cash consisted of cash deposited in a business operating account or in short-term deposit accounts of less than 90 days’ original duration.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

The Company receives research and development incentive income and grants from two sources, the Australian government and the Irish government.

The Company’s cash is deposited with several large commercial banks located in the United States, Ireland and Australia that are federally insured or guaranteed, limiting the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution.  The Company’s cash balances with these financial institutions often exceed the amount insured.

The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the biotechnology industry.  The Company’s research and development may not be successfully completed, adequate protection for the Company’s technology may not be obtained, any products developed may not obtain necessary government regulatory approval and any approved products may not be commercially viable.  The Company operates in an environment of substantial competition from other animal health companies, some of which have substantially more resources at their disposal.  In addition, the Company is dependent upon the services of its employees and consultants, as well as third-party contract research organizations and manufacturers.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements.  As defined in the guidance, fair value, defined as an exit price, represents the amount that would be received to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants.  As a result, fair value is a market-based approach that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability.  As a basis for considering these assumptions, the guidance defines a three-tier value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value.

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The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The Company’s material financial instruments include cash, other income receivables, accrued liabilities and warrants.  The carrying amounts of these instruments are considered to be representative of their respective fair values because of the short-term nature of those investments.  

Other Income Receivable

Other income receivable is recorded at the invoiced amount where available. Government grants are recognized at their fair value when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.

Nexvet Australia is eligible under the AusIndustry research and development tax incentive program to obtain a cash amount from the Australian Taxation Office (“ATO”).  The tax incentive is available to Nexvet Australia on the basis of specific criteria with which Nexvet Australia must comply.  Specifically, Nexvet Australia must have revenue of less than A$20 million and cannot be controlled by income tax exempt entities.  

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at acquisition cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment.  Depreciation on property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.  The estimated useful life of machinery and equipment is three to 10 years.  Leasehold improvements are amortized on the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining lease term or estimated useful life of the asset.  Upon retirement or sale of an asset, its cost and related accumulated depreciation or accumulated amortization are removed from the property accounts and any gain or loss is included in the results of operations.  Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

Foreign Currency

The Company’s functional currency is U.S dollars, and the functional currency for most subsidiaries is their local currency.  Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the current exchange rate as of the date of the transaction.  At period end, monetary items denominated in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency of the relevant entity using the period-end spot rate.  

In preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements, the financial statements of the subsidiaries are translated at period-end exchange rates as to assets and liabilities and weighted-average rates as to revenue and expenses.  The resulting translation adjustments are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”).  

Income Taxes

The Company has historically filed income tax returns in Australia, the United States and Ireland.

The Company applies ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, which establishes financial accounting and reporting requirements for the effects of income taxes that result from the Company’s activities during the current and preceding years.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities on their respective tax bases, and operating losses and tax loss carry forwards.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted statutory tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the jurisdictions and years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.  The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date.

When the Company determines that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized in the future, the deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance.  The valuation allowance is sufficient to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that the Company determines is more likely than not to be realized.

The income tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is only recognized if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on technical merits of the position.  The Company evaluates and adjusts these accruals based on changing facts and circumstances.  The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties related to income taxes as part of its income tax provision.

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Government Grant Income

Government grants are recognized at their fair value when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.  When the grant relates to an asset, the fair value is included in the balance sheet as deferred grant income, which is released to income over the expected useful life in a manner consistent with the depreciation method for the relevant asset and subject to meeting other relevant conditions, and recorded on the balance sheet as other income receivable until cash is received.  When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the periods necessary to match the grant on a systematic basis to the costs that it is intended to compensate.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of (i) payroll and related expense for all employees engaged in scientific research and development functions, including wages, related benefits and share-based compensation, (ii) fees for regulatory, professional and other consultants and (iii) development costs, including costs of drug discovery, safety, proof‑of‑concept, pilot and pivotal safety and efficacy studies, development of biological materials and service providers.  The Company uses its employee and infrastructure resources across multiple development programs.  The Company allocates outsourced development costs by lead product candidates but does not allocate personnel or other internal costs related to development to specific product candidates.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expense consists primarily of non-research and development-related payroll and related expense for employees, consultants and directors, including wages, related benefits and share-based compensation.  General and administrative expense also includes professional and consulting fees for legal, accounting, tax services and other general business services, as well other expenses such as travel, rent and facilities costs.

Other Income (Expense)

Nexvet Australia is eligible under the AusIndustry research and development tax incentive program to obtain a cash amount from the ATO.  The tax incentive is available to Nexvet Australia on the basis of specific criteria with which Nexvet Australia must comply.  Although the tax incentive is administered through the ATO, the Company has accounted for the tax incentive outside the scope of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, as an income tax benefit since Nexvet Australia meets the applicable requirements to participate in the program and the incentive is not linked to Nexvet Australia’s income tax liability and can be realized regardless of whether Nexvet Australia has generated taxable income.  Research and development incentive income is recognized when the research and development activities have been undertaken and the Company has completed its assessment of whether such activities meet the relevant qualifying criteria.

The Company recognizes government grant income at fair value when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.  When the grant relates to an asset, the fair value is included in the balance sheet as deferred grant income, which is released to income over the expected useful life in a manner consistent with the depreciation method for the relevant asset and subject to meeting other relevant conditions, and recorded on the balance sheet as other income receivable until cash is received.  When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the periods necessary to match the grant on a systematic basis to the costs that it is intended to compensate.  

Exchange (loss) gain consists primarily of losses or gains due to foreign exchange translation, primarily reflecting changes in Australian and U.S. foreign exchange rates.  Under U.S. GAAP, these (losses) gains relate to a translation of U.S. dollar-denominated bank accounts into Nexvet Australia’s Australian dollar functional currency and represent a non-cash item.

The Company earns interest on the cash balances held with financial institutions and recognizes interest when earned on an accrual basis over time.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss is defined as the total change in shareholders’ equity during the period other than from transactions with shareholders, which for the Company includes net change in foreign currency translation adjustments.

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Share-Based Compensation

The Company’s share-based compensation plan (see Note 9) provides for the grant of share options, restricted share units and other share-based awards.  The fair value of share options is determined as of the date of grant using the binomial option-pricing model.  This method incorporates the fair value of the Company’s ordinary shares at the date of each grant and various assumptions such as the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility based on the historic volatility of peer companies, expected dividend yield, and expected term of the share option.  Restricted share units are valued at the fair value of the underlying ordinary shares as of the date of grant. The Company classifies share-based compensation expense in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the same manner in which the award recipient’s payroll costs are classified.

The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense based on the grant date fair value of the entire award over the total period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award.   In accordance with ASC 718, the amount of compensation expense recognized at each balance date is at least equal to the grant date fair value of the vested portion of the award on that date.  Where performance conditions are attached to the awards, compensation expense is recognized in the period in which it becomes probable that the performance target will be achieved, net of estimated pre-vesting forfeitures over the requisite service period.  The probability of vesting is reassessed at each reporting period for awards with performance conditions and compensation expense is adjusted based on its probability assessment.  

Equity instruments issued to non-employees, including consultants, are accounted for in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance.  All transactions in which services are the consideration received for the issuance of equity instruments are accounted for based on the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instrument issued, whichever is more reliably measurable.  The measurement date of the fair value of the equity instrument issued is the earlier of the date on which the counterparty’s performance is complete or the date on which it is probable that performance will occur.

For transactions where the fair value of the equity instrument issued to non-employees is the more reliable measurement and a measurement date has not been reached, the fair value is re-measured at each balance sheet date using the binomial option-pricing model.  Compensation expense for these share-based awards is recognized over the term of the consulting agreement or until the award is approved and settled.

Segment Data

The Company manages its operations as a single segment for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions.  The Company is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focusing on developing therapies for companion animals.

Total assets, property and equipment, net and total property and equipment additions by geography, reconciled to the consolidated amounts are:

 

 

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Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has early adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”), No. 2014-10, Elimination of Certain Financial Requirements, Including an Amendment to Variable Interest Entities Guidance Topic in Topic 810, Consolidation, starting in fiscal year 2014.  In June 2014, the FASB, issued guidance removing the definition of a development stage entity from the Master Glossary of the ASC, thereby removing the financial reporting distinction between development stage entities and other reporting entities from U.S. GAAP.  This guidance also eliminates an exception provided to development stage entities in ASC Topic 810, Consolidation, for determining whether an entity is a variable interest entity on the basis of the amount of the investment equity that is at risk.  On adoption, the Company was not required to present or disclose any information required by ASC Topic 915, Development Stage Entities.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.  This guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.  This guidance also requires an entity to disclose sufficient information to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.  Qualitative and quantitative information is required about:

In July 2015, the FASB delayed the effective date of this guidance.  As a result, this guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period.  Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, Compensation—Stock Compensation.  This guidance requires that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition.  A reporting entity should apply the existing guidance in ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, as it relates to awards with performance conditions that affect vesting to account for such awards.  As such, the performance target should not be reflected in estimating the grant-date fair value of the award.  Compensation cost should be recognized in the period in which it becomes probable that the performance target will be achieved and should represent the compensation cost attributable to the period(s) for which the requisite service has already been rendered.  If the performance target becomes probable of being achieved before the end of the requisite service period, the remaining unrecognized compensation cost should be recognized prospectively over the remaining requisite service period.  The total amount of compensation cost recognized during and after the requisite service period should reflect the number of awards that are expected to vest and should be adjusted to reflect those awards that ultimately vest.  The requisite service period ends when the employee can cease rendering service and still be eligible to vest in the award if the performance target is achieved.  This guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015.  The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40).  This guidance defines management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an organization’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures.  Under the guidance, management is required to evaluate, for each annual and interim reporting period, whether it is probable that the entity will not be able to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. When management identifies substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, additional disclosures are required.  This guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016.  The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

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In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805) simplifying the accounting for measurement–period adjustments.  The guidance permits an acquirer to recognize adjustments to provisional purchase accounting amounts with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill in the reporting period in which the adjustments to the provisional amounts are determined.  The acquirer would adjust its financial statements as needed, including recognizing in current-period earnings the full effect of changes in depreciation, amortization or other income effects, by line item, if any as a result of the change to the provisional amounts calculated as it the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date.  This guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016.  The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes.  This guidance simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes, in that it requires deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position.  This amendment applies to all entities that present a classified statement of financial position.  The current requirement that deferred tax liabilities and assets of a tax–paying component of an entity be offset and presented as a single amount is not affected by the amendments in this update.  This guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, however, early adoption is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period.  The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments Overall (Subtopic 825-10) Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.  This guidance requires equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments, eliminates certain disclosure requirements, requires public companies to use the exit price notion when measuring fair value, and requires certain changes to the presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities.  This guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption for public entities is allowable only for the provisions related to elimination of fair value disclosure requirements and related presentation of fair value changes resulting from instrument-specific credit risk in other comprehensive income. Early adoption is not allowed for any other provisions. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

 

 

3. Other Income Receivable

Other income receivable consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

 

 

 

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4. Property Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment, consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

 

 

In September 2015, the Company acquired certain manufacturing assets in Ireland as follows:

 

 

5. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

 

 

6. Ordinary Shares

As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, there were 11,558,133 and 11,406,916 ordinary shares outstanding, respectively.

 

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7. Fair Value Measurement

Assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, including financial instruments, which the Company accounts for under the fair value option, are summarized in the following tables.

 

 

There were no transfers between the levels within the reporting periods.

 

8. Net Loss Per Share

The calculation of net loss per participating securities (“EPS”) for the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 is presented below.  

 

 

The following ordinary share equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the periods ended on the dates indicated because including them would have an anti-dilutive effect:

 

 

Unaudited basic and diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding after giving effect to the conversion of all convertible preference shares into ordinary shares as if such conversion had occurred at the beginning of the period presented, or the date of original issuance, if later.

 

9. Share-Based Awards

As permitted by Australian law, the Company’s board of directors has historically granted share options and restricted share units with an exercise or conversion price, as applicable, of zero to recipients in Australia.  Contemporaneously with these awards and based upon information available at the time of grant, the Company’s board of directors, with the assistance of management, also determined the fair value of the shares underlying these share options for financial reporting purposes.  To determine the best estimate of the fair value of the Company’s ordinary shares at each grant date, the Company’s board of directors considered numerous factors, including contemporaneous third-party valuations, current business conditions and projections, risks inherent to the development of the Company’s research and development programs, including the status of pivotal safety and efficacy studies for its lead product candidates, the Company’s financial condition, the Company’s need for future financing to fund its research and development efforts and the commercialization of its lead product candidates, and other relevant factors.

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Option Terms of Issue

The Company previously issued to its employees, consultants and directors under the Company’s Employee Share Option Plan (the “2012 Plan”) ordinary shares subject to an interest-free, limited recourse loan payable to the Company for the purchase price of the ordinary shares.  The 2012 Plan is no longer in use, and all of the limited recourse loans were either repaid in cash or satisfied by the repurchase by the Company of certain ordinary shares subject to such loan.  The Company issued to each former holder of such repurchased ordinary shares an option to purchase a number of ordinary shares equal to the number of ordinary shares repurchased with an exercise price of $6.35 per ordinary share and subject to the Option Terms of Issue.  The new options expire in February 2018, consistent with the original repayment date of the loan.

2013 Long Term Incentive Plan

In September 2013, the Company’s board of directors approved a long-term incentive plan for its employees (including executive officers), directors and consultants pursuant to which in November 2013 the Company issued share options to purchase 215,799 ordinary shares and restricted share units to acquire 29,214 ordinary shares to employees, directors and consultants.  The underlying ordinary shares had a fair value of $5.15 per share, but the awards had an exercise or conversion price, as applicable, of zero, as permitted under Australian law. Because Irish law requires the payment to an issuer of at least the nominal value of shares in order to acquire such shares from the issuer, any options or restricted share units with a zero exercise or conversion price became exercisable or convertible, as applicable, at the nominal value per ordinary share in August 2014 in anticipation of the Irish Exchange.  This nominal value became $0.10 per ordinary share in September 2014 in connection with the Irish Exchange and was revised to $0.125 per ordinary share in connection with the four-for-five share consolidation in November 2014.  In September 2014, the Company also issued share options to purchase 16,800 ordinary shares and restricted share units to acquire 21,240 ordinary shares to employees, directors and consultants.  The underlying ordinary shares had a fair value of $6.35 per ordinary share, but the awards had an exercise or conversion price of the nominal value of $0.10 per ordinary share, which nominal value became $0.125 per ordinary share in connection with the four-for-five share consolidation in November 2014. Except for share options and restricted share units held by directors (which vested either beginning in September 2014 and quarterly thereafter or in November 2014), share options and restricted share units held by employees and consultants vest in three equal tranches in November 2014, November 2015 and November 2016.  The Company revised this plan in September 2014 and refers to this plan as its “2013 Plan.”

In November 2014, the Company awarded employees share options to purchase 141,792 ordinary shares and restricted share units to acquire 16,427 ordinary shares.  The underlying ordinary shares had a grant date fair value of $9.37.  The share options and restricted share units have an exercise price or conversion price, as applicable, of $0.125 per ordinary share.  The awards are subject to a specified performance condition and service period and they vest in tranches over one to three years.

The 2013 Plan was terminated in connection with the Company’s initial public offering.  The 2013 Plan will continue to govern outstanding awards granted thereunder.  Appropriate adjustments will be made in the number of authorized ordinary shares and other numerical limits in the 2013 Plan and in outstanding awards to prevent dilution or enlargement of participants’ rights in the event of a share split or other change in the Company’s capital structure.

Prior to its termination, the 2013 Plan was administered by the Company’s board of directors. Subject to the provisions of the 2013 Plan, the board of directors determined, in its discretion, the persons to whom, and the times at which, awards were granted, as well as the size, terms and conditions of each award, under the 2013 Plan.  All awards are evidenced by a written agreement between the Company and the holder of the award.  The compensation committee has the authority to construe and interpret the terms of the 2013 Plan and awards granted under the 2013 Plan.

In the event of a change of control as described in the 2013 Plan, the acquiring or successor entity may assume or continue all or any awards outstanding under the 2013 Plan or substitute substantially equivalent awards.  Any awards which are not assumed or continued in connection with a change of control or are not exercised or settled prior to the change of control will terminate effective as of the time of the change of control.  The compensation committee may provide for the acceleration of vesting of any or all outstanding awards upon such terms and to such extent as it determines, except that the vesting of all awards held by members of the board of directors who are not employees will automatically be accelerated in full.  The compensation committee, in its discretion and without the consent of any participant, may also cancel each or any outstanding award denominated in ordinary shares upon a change of control in exchange for a payment to the participant with respect to each share subject to the cancelled award of an amount equal to the excess of the consideration to be paid per ordinary share in the change of control transaction over the exercise price per ordinary share, if any, under the award.

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2015 Equity Incentive Plan

In September 2014, the Company’s board of directors adopted, and in November 2014 the Company’s shareholders approved, the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (“2015 Plan”).  The 2015 Plan was amended by the board of directors in January 2015, became effective on the date immediately prior to the date of the prospectus for initial public offering and was further amended by the compensation committee in September 2015.  The 2015 Plan is intended to provide incentives that will assist the Company to attract, retain and motivate employees, including officers, consultants and directors.  The Company may provide these incentives through the grant of share options, restricted share units, performance shares and units and other cash-based or share-based awards.

A total of 1,280,000 of the Company’s ordinary shares were initially authorized and reserved for issuance under the 2015 Plan.  This reserve has or will automatically increase on July 1 of each year through 2024 by an amount equal to the lesser of:

The ordinary shares available under the 2015 Plan will not be reduced by awards settled in cash, but will be reduced by ordinary shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations with respect to ordinary share options (but not other types of awards).  The gross number of ordinary shares issued upon the exercise of options exercised by means of a net exercise or by tender of previously-owned ordinary shares will be deducted from the ordinary shares available under the 2015 Plan.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, and subject to adjustment as described below, the maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares that may be subject to issuance at any given time under the 2015 Plan in connection with outstanding awards shall not exceed a number equal to ten percent of the Company’s total issued and outstanding ordinary shares (calculated on a non-diluted basis).  

Appropriate adjustments will be made in the number of authorized ordinary shares and other numerical limits in the 2015 Plan and in outstanding awards to prevent dilution or enlargement of participants’ rights in the event of a share split or other change in the Company’s capital structure.  Ordinary shares subject to awards which expire or are cancelled or forfeited will again become available for issuance under the 2015 Plan.

In May 2015, the Company awarded employees and directors share options to purchase 360,000 ordinary shares and restricted share units to acquire 20,280 ordinary shares with a grant date fair value of $5.93 and $6.99 per share, respectively.  The share options and restricted share units have an exercise price of $15.00 and a conversion price of $0.125 per ordinary share, respectively.  Except for restricted share units to acquire 2,280 ordinary shares held by directors (which vest immediately), the awards vest in tranches over one to five years.

In June 2015, the Company awarded employees bonus share awards to purchase 42,691 ordinary shares subject to the payment of $0.125 per ordinary share.  The underlying ordinary shares had a grant date fair value of $7.12 per ordinary share.

In August 2015, the Company awarded employees share options to purchase 60,000 ordinary shares and restricted share units to acquire 8,500 ordinary shares with a grant date fair value of $2.71 and $4.97 per share, respectively.  The share option and restricted share units have an exercise price of $5.10 and a conversion price of $0.125 per ordinary share, respectively.  The awards vest in tranches over one to five years.

In September 2015, the Company awarded employees and directors restricted share units to acquire 298,834 ordinary shares with grant date fair values of $4.26‑$4.27.  The restricted share units have a conversion price of $0.125 per ordinary share. The restricted shares units granted to employees vest annually over four years commencing on July 1, 2016.  The restricted share units granted to directors vest on July 1, 2016.

In November 2015, the Company awarded a new employee restricted share units to acquire 2,000 ordinary shares with a grant date fair value of $4.76.  The restricted share units have a conversion price of $0.125 per ordinary share.  The restricted share units granted vest on September 21, 2016.

 

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10. Valuation of Share Awards

The fair value of each share option is estimated on the date of grant using the binomial option-pricing model. The Company was a private company until February 2015 and lacked company-specific historical and implied volatility information. Therefore, it has estimated its expected share volatility based on the historical volatility of its publicly traded peer companies and expects to continue to do so until such time as it has adequate historical data regarding the volatility of its own traded share price. The expected term of the Company’s share options has been determined utilizing the “simplified” method as the Company has insufficient historical experience for share options overall, rendering existing historical experience irrelevant to expectations for current grants. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the appropriate reserve bank yield in effect at the time of grant of the award for time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the award. Expected dividend yield is based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends and does not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The fair value of the underlying ordinary shares considered the price per share paid by investors in the Company’s private financings, including the Series B Preference Shares in May 2014. The fair value of the share awards was estimated using the following assumptions:

 

 

Since completion of the Company’s initial public offering, the fair value of the underlying ordinary shares has been based on the price per share quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market at the date of grant.

The following table summarizes share option activity for fiscal year 2015 and the six months ended December 31, 2015:

 

 

(1) Reflects ordinary shares issued subject to limited recourse loans.

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In addition to the share options described above, the Company has granted restricted share units to its directors, employees and consultants. Restricted share units are valued at the fair value of the underlying ordinary shares as of the date of grant. The fair value of the ordinary shares issuable upon conversion of restricted share units is considered the price per share paid by investors in the Company’s private financings, including the Series A investment preference shares in July 2013. The ordinary shares subject to the restricted share units are generally issued when they vest.  The table below presents the Company’s restricted share unit activity for fiscal year 2015 and the six months ended December 31, 2015:

 

 

Share-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense for only the portion of awards that are expected to vest. In developing a forfeiture rate estimate, the Company has considered its historical experience to estimate pre-vesting forfeitures for service-based awards. The impact of a forfeiture rate adjustment will be recognized in full in the period of adjustment, and if the actual forfeiture rate is materially different from the Company’s estimate, the Company may be required to record adjustments to share-based compensation expense in future periods.  The weighted average remaining contract life on all outstanding options and restricted share units as of December 31, 2015 was 5.2 years and 1.8 years, respectively.

The Company recorded share-based compensation expense related to share options and restricted share units for the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 as follows:

 

 

The Company had an aggregate of $3.7 million and $3.1 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expense for share awards outstanding as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, respectively, which is expected to be recognized over an estimated period of 5.5 years and 4.0 years, respectively.

 

 

11. Commitments and Contingencies

Indemnities and Guarantees

The Company has made certain indemnities and guarantees, under which it may be required to make payments to a guaranteed or indemnified party, in relation to certain transactions. The Company indemnifies its officers and directors to the maximum extent permitted under the laws of Ireland. The duration of these indemnities and guarantees varies and, in certain cases, is indefinite. These indemnities and guarantees do not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential future payments the Company could be obligated to make. Historically, the Company has not been obligated to make any payments for these obligations and no liabilities have been recorded for these indemnities and guarantees in the accompanying balance sheets.

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Operating Leases and Purchase Obligations

Commitments consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

 

 

 

Operating Leases

The Company entered into a lease for its office in Melbourne, Australia commencing December 2013 for a period of five years. As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015 commitments totaled $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively.  Rent expense was $106,000 and $0.2 million for the six months ended December 31, 2015 and fiscal year 2015, respectively. Included in rent expense is a build-out incentive of $11,000 and $26,000 for the six months ended December 31, 2015 and fiscal year 2015, respectively. A portion of the incentive paid by the landlord is to be repaid by the Company if the lease is terminated early, determined by the unexpired term of the lease over the original 60‑month lease term. There are no escalation clauses in the lease agreement.

The Company entered into a lease for a facility in Tullamore, Ireland commencing September 2015 for a period of 10 years, with an option to purchase the building. As of December 31, 2015, commitments on this lease totalled $1.1 million.  

Purchase Obligations

In connection with the development of biologics, the Company had open contracts with suppliers for goods and services of $2.0 million and $0.7 million as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, respectively.

 

 

12. Related Party Transaction

Ridge Biotechnology Consulting, LLC is owned and operated by Dr. Robert Gearing, the brother of David Gearing, a co-founder of the Company and its Chief Scientific Officer. In October 2010, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Ridge Biotechnology Consulting, LLC for the provision of services to the Company. The agreement was superseded by agreements entered into in April 2011 and April 2012, and a new consulting agreement with Ridge Biotechnology Consulting, LLC was entered into in January 2014. The Company recorded expenses of $Nil, $67,000, $39,000 and $100,000 for the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, related to these agreements. As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, there was Nil and $13,000 payable to Ridge Biotechnology Consulting, LLC, respectively.

Dr. Andrew Gearing is a former director, a co-founder of the Company and a brother of David Gearing, a co-founder of the Company and its Chief Scientific Officer.  Dr. Andrew Gearing serves on the board of directors of Biocomm Square Pty Ltd. In August 2010 and August 2013, the Company entered into consulting agreements with Biocomm Square Pty Ltd for research and development support services.  These agreements were superseded by a new consulting agreement in December 2013, which was amended in April 2014 and in August 2015. In addition, the Company entered into an agreement with Biocomm Square Pty Ltd in November 2011 for assistance in obtaining partnering arrangements with Japanese entities.  This agreement was amended and terminated in August 2015. The Company recorded expenses of $57,000, $62,000, $90,000 and $115,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, related to these agreements. As of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, there was $24,000 and $17,000 payable to Biocomm Square Pty Ltd, respectively.

 

 

13. Subsequent Events

There were no material subsequent events occurring after December 31, 2015 requiring disclosure.

 

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Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q. The information contained in this discussion and analysis and set forth elsewhere in this report includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.  As a result of many factors, including those factors set forth in the section of this report titled “Risk Factors,” our actual results could differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on transforming the therapeutic market for companion animals by developing and commercializing novel, species-specific biologics based on human biologics. Biologics are therapeutic proteins derived from biological sources. As a class, biologics have transformed human medicine in recent decades and represent some of the top-selling therapies on the market today. Our proprietary platform, which we refer to as “PETization,” is an algorithmic approach that enables us to rapidly create monoclonal antibodies, a type of biologic, that are designed to be recognized as “self” or “native” by an animal’s immune system, a property we refer to as “100% species-specificity.” PETization is also designed to build upon the safety and efficacy data from clinically tested human therapies to create new therapies for companion animals, thereby reducing clinical risk and development cost.

Biologics generally include monoclonal antibodies, or mAbs, which are targeted antibodies derived from identical, or clonal cells, and fusion proteins, which are proteins created by joining two or more genes coded for separate proteins.  Our first product candidate, NV‑01, is a mAb that targets and inhibits the function of nerve growth factor, or NGF, for the control of pain associated with osteoarthritis in dogs. NGF is a protein involved in neural signaling, including pain signals, and NGF inhibitors (“anti-NGFs”) seek to interrupt those signals to reduce pain.  In November 2015 we announced that our pivotal safety and efficacy study of NV-01 met its primary efficacy endpoint: as statistically significant improvement over placebo in the assessed level of pain (p=0.038) as measured using changes in Client-Specific Outcome Measures (“CSOM”) score between enrollment and day 28.  This study’s design was agreed under protocol concurrence with the Center for Veterinary Medicine (“CVM”) at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). NV-01 was found to be safe and well-tolerated with no significant adverse safety signals observed in the study. Clinically meaningful magnitudes of benefit and statistically significant differences over placebo were also achieved for the majority of the secondary endpoints measured in the study. Collectively, the results of this study constitute a substantial body of efficacy data that we intend to use as the basis of our planned submissions for marketing authorizations in both the U.S. and Europe. The United States Adopted Name (“USAN”) Council has approved the generic name “ranevetmab” for NV-01.

Our second product candidate, NV‑02, is an anti-NGF mAb for the control of pain associated with osteoarthritis, in cats. We announced positive top-line results from our proof-of-concept efficacy study and our pilot safety study of NV‑02 in June 2015. In October 2015, we announced that commencement of a placebo-controlled, blinded, multi-site pilot field safety and efficacy study targeting enrollment of 90 cats with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. We anticipate results from this pilot field study in the second quarter of 2016. Our next most advanced programs are in the area of inflammation and include NV-08, a fusion protein that is a tumor necrosis factor, or TNF, inhibitor for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, in dogs.  TNF is a protein that causes inflammation and TNF inhibitors (“anti-TNFs”) suppress this inflammation.  We are conducting proof-of-concept studies for candidates in inflammation (including NV‑08), which if successful, we will consider for progression into formal development. Primarily using PETizaion, we have built a research and development pipeline of 15 biologic programs in the areas of pain, allergy, inflammation and immuno-oncology.

We have incurred losses since our inception and had an accumulated deficit of $33.3 million and $23.7 million as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, respectively. For the foreseeable future, we expect to continue to incur losses and negative cash flows, which will increase significantly from historical levels as we expand our development activities, seek regulatory approvals for our lead product candidates and begin to commercialize any approved products.  To date, we have been funded primarily through sales of capital shares.  Management believes our cash of $43.1 million as of December 31, 2015 will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months.

We will require additional capital until such time as we can generate revenue in excess of operating expenses. We may seek such funding through public or private equity or debt financing or other sources, such as corporate collaborations and licensing arrangements. We may not be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms, or at all. The sale of additional equity would result in additional dilution to our shareholders, and the terms of any financing may adversely affect the rights of our shareholders. The incurrence of any debt financing could result in debt service obligations and the instruments governing such debt could provide for operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. If we are unable to obtain funding, we could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our research and development programs or commercialization efforts, which could adversely affect our business prospects.

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In February 2015, we closed our initial public offering of 4.0 million ordinary shares at a price to the public of $10.00 per share. In March 2015, the underwriters partially exercised their over-allotment option and purchased an additional 0.2 million shares. Following the sales of these securities, we received aggregate gross proceeds of $41.8 million and net proceeds of $38.0 million, after deducting the underwriting discount of $2.9 million and offering expenses of $0.9 million payable by us. Upon the initial closing, all preference shares were converted into ordinary shares. Our ordinary shares are listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “NVET.”

In November 2015, our pivotal safety and efficacy study of NV‑01 met its primary efficacy endpoint.  NV‑01 was found to be safe and well-tolerated with no significant adverse safety signals observed in the study. Clinically meaningful magnitudes of benefit and statistically significant differences over placebo were also achieved for the majority of the secondary endpoints measured in the study. Collectively, the results of this study constitute a substantial body of efficacy data that we intend to use as the basis of our planned submissions for marketing authorizations in both the U.S. and Europe.

In September 2015, we secured a biologics manufacturing facility in Tullamore, Ireland. We have secured the manufacturing assets within the facility for $2.0 million and have entered into a 10‑year lease on the facility, with an option to purchase the building.

Share Consolidations and Irish Reorganization

In August 2014, Nexvet Australia Pty Ltd, or Nexvet Australia, completed a one‑for‑four share consolidation pursuant to which each holder of ordinary shares and preference shares received one ordinary share or preference share for every four ordinary shares or preference shares, as applicable, held by such holder.  The number of ordinary shares that may be acquired upon exercise of options or warrants or upon conversion of restricted share units was similarly reduced on a one-for-four basis, with a proportionate adjustment to the exercise or conversion price, as applicable.

In September 2014, Nexvet Biopharma Limited, a newly formed Irish private company, became the parent company of Nexvet Australia and its subsidiaries pursuant to a transaction in which all of the holders of securities of Nexvet Australia exchanged their holdings for equivalent securities of Nexvet Biopharma Limited. We refer to this transaction as the “Irish Exchange.”   Nexvet Biopharma Limited then re-registered as an Irish public limited company in September 2014.  We refer to this re-registration and the Irish Exchange collectively as the “Irish Reorganization.” Nexvet Biopharma plc became the parent company of Nexvet Australia pursuant to the Irish Reorganization, and for financial reporting purposes the historical condensed consolidated financial statements of Nexvet Australia became the historical condensed consolidated financial statements of Nexvet Biopharma plc and its subsidiaries as a continuation of the predecessor.

In November 2014, we completed a four-for-five share consolidation pursuant to which each holder of ordinary shares and preference shares received four ordinary shares or four preference shares for every five ordinary shares or five preference shares, as applicable, held by such holder.  The number of ordinary shares that may be acquired upon exercise of options or warrants or upon conversion of restricted share units was similarly reduced on a four-for-five basis, with a proportionate adjustment to the exercise or conversion price, as applicable.

Basis of Presentation

Operating Expenses

The majority of our operating expenses have been research and development activities related to our lead product candidates and general and administrative costs associated with our business.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of (i) payroll and related expense for all employees engaged in scientific research and development functions, including wages, related benefits and share-based compensation, (ii) fees for regulatory, professional and other consultants and (iii) development costs, including costs of drug discovery, safety, proof-of-concept studies and pivotal safety and efficacy studies, development of biological materials, and service providers. We use our employee and infrastructure resources across multiple development programs.  We allocate outsourced development costs by lead product candidate for billing and research and development incentive income purposes, but we do not allocate personnel or other internal costs related to development to specific product candidates.

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We expect research and development expense to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we continue to increase our headcount, commence and conduct pilot and pivotal safety and efficacy studies and further develop our lead product candidates. We expect future research and development costs associated with NV‑01 to be approximately $8.0 million in total.  This includes $0.4 million for a pilot field safety and efficacy study, $1.0 million for the cost of pivotal safety and efficacy studies plus an additional $6.6 million for chemistry, manufacturing and controls studies, stability studies and regulatory compliance and other miscellaneous costs.  Our development of NV‑02 and NV‑08 is not as advanced as our development of NV‑01.  However, assuming development costs similar to those anticipated for NV‑01, we estimate research and development expense for the development of each of NV‑02 and NV‑08 (if selected as a development candidate) to be approximately $12.0 million.

Drug development is inherently unpredictable and the nature, specific timing and estimated costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the development of our lead product candidates are subject to numerous factors.  For example, the nature, timing and amount of research and development expense incurred will depend largely upon the outcomes of current and future pivotal safety and efficacy studies for our lead product candidates as well as the related regulatory requirements, manufacturing costs and other costs associated with the development of our lead product candidates.  Factors that can influence the duration, cost and timing of our pivotal safety and efficacy studies and development of our lead product candidates include:

A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of a lead product candidate could mean a significant change in the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expense consists primarily of non-research and development related payroll and related expense for employees, consultants and directors, including wages, related benefits and share-based compensation.  General and administrative expense also includes professional and consulting fees for legal, accounting, tax services and other general business services, as well other expenses such as travel, rent and facilities costs.  We expect general and administrative expense to increase significantly as we operate as a public company, continue to build our corporate infrastructure globally and prepare to commercialize and market our products.

Other Income (Expense)

Research and Development Incentive Income

We are eligible under the AusIndustry research and development tax incentive program to obtain a cash amount from the Australian Taxation Office.  The tax incentive is available to us on the basis of specific criteria with which we must comply.  Although the research and development assistance is administered through the Australian Taxation Office, we have accounted for the government assistance outside the scope of Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 740, Income Taxes, as an income tax benefit since we meet the applicable requirements to participate in the plan and the incentive is not linked to our income tax liability and can be realized regardless of whether we have generated taxable income.  Research and development incentive income is recognized when the research and development activities have been undertaken and we have completed its assessment of whether such activities meet the relevant qualifying criteria.  We intend to continue conducting research and development in Australia, and we expect to therefore remain eligible for this incentive.

Government Grant Income

We recognize government grants at their fair value when there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.  When the grant relates to an asset, the fair value is included in the balance sheet as deferred grant income and is released to income over the expected useful life in a manner consistent with the depreciation method for the relevant asset, and on the balance sheet as other income receivable until cash is received. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the periods necessary to match the grant on a systematic basis to the costs that it is intended to compensate.

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Exchange (Loss) Gain

Exchange (loss) gain consists primarily of losses or gains due to foreign exchange translation, primarily reflecting changes in Australian and U.S. foreign exchange rates. Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, these items relate to a translation of U.S. dollar-denominated bank accounts into Nexvet Australia’s Australian dollar functional currency and represent a non-cash item.

Interest Income

We earn interest on the cash balances held with financial institutions and recognize interest when earned on an accrual basis over time.

Results of Operations

Results of operations for the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

 

 

Foreign Currency

Our functional currency is U.S. dollars, and the functional currency for most subsidiaries is their local currency.  Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the current exchange rate as of the date of the transaction.  At period-end, monetary items denominated in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency of the relevant entity using the period-end spot rate.  The exchange gain of $1.3 million, $0.4 million and $3.3 million, respectively, in the three months ended December 31, 2014 and six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and an exchange loss of $0.6 million, in the three months ended December 31, 2015, primarily related to the translation of Nexvet Australia’s U.S. dollar-denominated bank accounts to its Australian dollar functional currency.

In preparing our consolidated financial statements, the financial statements of the subsidiaries are translated at period-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and at weighted-average rates for revenue and expenses.  The resulting translation adjustments are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), or OCI.  The non-cash translation adjustment in accumulated OCI was a loss of $1.5 million, $0.8 million, and $3.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2014 and six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively and a gain of $0.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2015.  These adjustments primarily related to the translation of U.S. dollar-denominated bank accounts within Nexvet Australia’s balance sheet to the U.S. dollar presentation currency of the consolidated balance sheet.

Although the two foreign exchange-related items both relate to our U.S. dollar-denominated bank accounts, which in substance offset each other, under U.S. GAAP, there is no offset of these two items within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.  Accordingly, in addition to U.S. GAAP measures, management uses net loss excluding exchange loss or gain, which is a non‑GAAP financial measure, to evaluate the business as management believes that it is a better reflection of the underlying business performance.

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Net loss excluding exchange (loss) gain for the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and a reconciliation to net loss in each respective period, is presented below:

 

 

Comparison of Three Months Ended December 31, 2015 to Three Months Ended December 31, 2014

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expense for the three months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:

 

 

Research and development expense increased $1.6 million, or 73%, from $2.2 million in the three months ended December 31, 2014 to $3.8 million in the three months ended December 31, 2015.  The increase was primarily attributable to a $0.7 million increase in payroll and related costs and a $0.9 million increase in development costs.  The increase in payroll and related costs was mainly due to expanding our research and development team, including a $0.1 million increase in share-based compensation expense.  The increase in development costs was mainly attributable to advancing the development of our lead product candidates, including NV‑01’s pilot and pivotal safety and efficacy studies, NV‑02’s pilot field safety and efficacy study and CMC costs.

In the three months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, outsourced development costs were $0.9 million and $1.0 million, respectively, for NV‑01, $1.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for NV‑02, $44,000 and $0.2 million, respectively, for NV‑08 and $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, for general research.

In the three months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, research and development expense associated with our new manufacturing facility in Ireland were $0.4 million and nil, respectively.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expense for the three months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:

 

 

Our general and administrative expense decreased $0.6 million, or 25%, from $2.4 million in the three months ended December 31, 2014 to $1.8 million in the three months ended December 31, 2015.  The decrease was primarily attributable to a $0.8 million reduction in consulting and legal costs offset by a $0.2 million increase in payroll and related costs.  The increase in payroll and related costs was mainly due to expanding our general and administrative team, including a $0.1 million increase in share-based compensation expense.  Consulting and legal fees decreased $0.8 million, primarily due to incurring costs in 2014 associated with preparation for our initial public offering and Irish reorganization.  Other costs decreased by $0.1 million, mainly due to less travel costs.

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Research and Development Incentive Income

Research and development incentive income decreased by $0.4 million, or 44%, from $0.9 million in the three months ended December 31, 2014 to $0.5 million in the three months ended December 31, 2015, primarily due to a decrease in Australian qualifying expenditures as lead programs progressed from the research phase (where expenditure is predominantly incurred in Australia) into the clinical and manufacturing scale-up phases (where expenditure is incurred outside of Australia).

Comparison of Six Months Ended December 31, 2015 to Six Months Ended December 31, 2014

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expense for the six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:

 

 

Research and development expense increased $2.7 million, or 56%, from $4.8 million in the six months ended December 31, 2014 to $7.5 million in the six months ended December 31, 2015.  The increase was primarily attributable to a $1.3 million increase in payroll and related costs and $1.5 million increase in development costs.  The increase in payroll and related costs was mainly due to expanding our research and development team, including a $0.2 million increase in share-based compensation expense.  The increase in development costs was mainly attributable to advancing the development of our lead product candidates, including NV‑01’s pilot and pivotal safety and efficacy studies, NV‑02’s pilot field safety and efficacy study and CMC costs.

In the six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, outsourced development costs were $2.2 million and $1.8 million, respectively, for NV‑01, $1.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively, for NV‑02, $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, for NV‑08 and $0.9 million and $0.4 million, respectively, for general research.

In the six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, research and development expense associated with our new manufacturing facility in Ireland were $0.5 million and nil, respectively.

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expense for the six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:

 

 

 

Our general and administrative expense decreased $1.7 million, or 32%, from $5.3 million in the six months ended December 31, 2014 to $3.6 million in the six months ended December 31, 2015.  The decrease was primarily attributable to a $1.9 million reduction in consulting and legal costs offset by a $0.5 million increase in payroll and related costs.  The increase in payroll and related costs was mainly due to expanding our general and administrative team, including a $0.2 million increase in share-based compensation expense.  Consulting and legal fees decreased $1.9 million, primarily due to incurring costs in 2014 associated with preparation for our initial public offering and Irish reorganization.  Other costs decreased by $0.2 million, mainly due to less travel costs.

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Research and Development Incentive Income

Research and development incentive income decreased by $0.7 million, or 41%, from $1.7 million in the six months ended December 31, 2014 to $1.0 million in the six months ended December 31, 2015, primarily due to a decrease in Australian qualifying expenditures as lead programs progressed from the research phase (where expenditure is predominantly incurred in Australia) into the clinical and manufacturing scale-up phases (where expenditure is incurred outside of Australia).

We held an allowance of $0.1 million at June 30, 2015 due to official notification that a reduced rate would be applied to our research and development incentive income claim.  We have released this allowance to our income in the six months ended December 31, 2015, given the cash for the full amount of our claim has now been paid.  

Government Grant Income

In the six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, we recognized $4,000 and $0.3 million, respectively, in income from government grants.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations since our inception.  As of December 31, 2015, we had an accumulated deficit of $33.3 million. From our inception, we raised aggregate gross proceeds of $41.4 million from the sale of preference shares, ordinary shares, convertible notes and warrants. In February and March 2015, we raised a further aggregate gross proceeds of $41.8 million and aggregate net proceeds of $38.0 million, after deducting the underwriting discount of $2.9 million and offering expenses of $0.9 million payable by us, from the sale of ordinary shares in our initial public offering.  We believe our cash balance of $43.1 million as of December 31, 2015 will be sufficient to fund our anticipated level of operations for at least the next 12 months.  For the foreseeable future, we expect to continue to incur losses, which will increase from historical levels as we expand our product development activities, seek regulatory approvals for our lead product candidates and begin commercialization activities in anticipation of regulatory approval.

However, our operating plan may change as a result of many factors currently unknown to us, and we may need to seek additional funds sooner than planned, through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, such as strategic collaborations.  Such financing may result in dilution to shareholders, imposition of debt covenants and repayment obligations or other restrictions that may affect our business.  In addition, we may seek additional capital due to favorable market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plan.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

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Cash Flows

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods set forth below:

 

 

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

For the six months ended December 31, 2015, net cash used in operating activities was $5.4 million. Net cash used in operating activities was primarily attributable to our net loss of $9.7 million offset by non-cash share-based compensation expense of $0.9 million and non-cash depreciation and amortization of $0.2 million and by changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $3.2 million. The key change in operating assets and liabilities was the receipt of $3.2 million for the 2015 fiscal year Research and Development incentive income.

For the six months ended December 31, 2014, net cash used in operating activities was $4.7 million.  Net cash used in operating activities was primarily attributable to our net loss of $4.7 million, and changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $0.6 million offset by non-cash share-based compensation expense of $0.5 million and non-cash depreciation and amortization of $0.1 million.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

For the six months ended December 31, 2015, net cash used in investing activities was $2.8 million, which was attributable to purchases of property, plant and equipment, including $2.0 million for the initial acquisition of manufacturing assets in our facility in Tullamore, Ireland.

For the six months ended December 31, 2014, net cash used in investing activities was $0.2 million, which was attributable to purchases of property, plant and equipment.

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

For the six months ended December 31, 2015, net cash provided by financing activities was $19,000, which was attributable to gross proceeds from the exercise or conversion of share awards issued to employees and directors.

For the six months ended December 31, 2014, net cash provided by financing activities was $24,000, which was attributable to gross proceeds from the sale of our ordinary shares.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Our principal contractual obligations and commitments were reported in our annual report on Form 10‑K filed with the SEC on September 3, 2015.  In September 2015, we entered a 10 year lease for a manufacturing facility in Tullamore, Ireland, with an option to purchase the building.  As of December 31, 2015, commitments on this lease totalled $1.1 million.  There have been no other material changes from the contractual obligations and commitments previously disclosed in our annual report on Form 10‑K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Since inception, we have not engaged in the use of any off-balance sheet arrangements, such as structured finance entities, special purpose entities or variable interest entities.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.  The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and revenue, costs and expenses and related disclosures during the reporting periods.  On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those described below.  We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report, we believe that the estimates and assumptions involved in the following accounting policies may have the greatest potential impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Research and Development Accruals

As part of the process of preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate accrued research and development expenses.  Examples of estimated accrued expenses include fees paid to vendors and clinical sites in connection with our field safety and efficacy studies, to contract research organizations in connection with our proof‑of‑concept, pilot field and pivotal safety and efficacy studies and to contract manufacturers in connection with the production of our product candidates and formulated biologics.

We review new and open contracts and communicate with applicable internal and vendor personnel to identify services that have been performed on our behalf and estimate the level of service performed and the associated costs incurred for the service when we have not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of the actual cost for accrued expenses.  The majority of our service providers invoice us monthly in arrears for services performed or as milestones are achieved in relation to our contract manufacturers.  We make estimates of our accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date.

We base our accrued expenses related to proof-of-concept, pilot and pivotal safety and efficacy studies on our estimates of the services received and efforts expended pursuant to contracts with vendors, our internal resources, and payments to clinical sites based on animal enrollments.  The financial terms of the vendor agreements are subject to negotiation, vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flows.  Payments under some of these contracts depend on factors such as the successful enrollment of animals and the completion of development milestones.  We estimate the time period over which services will be performed and the level of effort to be expended in each period.  If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from our estimate, we adjust the related expense accrual accordingly on a prospective basis.  If we do not identify costs that have been incurred or if we underestimate or overestimate the level of services performed or the costs of these services, our actual expenses could differ from our estimates.  To date, we have not made any material adjustments to our estimates of accrued research and development expenses or the level of services performed in any reporting period presented.

Share-Based Compensation

We measure share-based compensation expense based on the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant and recognize the corresponding compensation expense of the awards, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service periods, which correspond to the vesting periods of the awards.  To date, we have issued share options and restricted share units with service-based vesting conditions, and we record compensation expense for these awards using the straight-line method.

Determining the fair value of share-based awards at the grant date requires judgment, and our estimates of the fair value of our ordinary shares are complex and subjective.  Following the completion of our initial public offering, the fair value of our ordinary shares is based on the closing price of our ordinary shares on the Nasdaq Global Market.

We use the binomial option-pricing model to determine the fair value of share options.  This determination is affected by our estimated fair value per ordinary share as well as assumptions regarding a number of other complex and subjective variables.  These variables include the fair value of our ordinary shares, the expected term of the share option, our volatility over that expected term, expected dividend yield and risk-free interest rates.  Restricted share units are valued at the fair value of the underlying ordinary shares as of the date of grant.  See Note 9 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for further details.

In addition to these assumptions, we estimate forfeitures based upon our historical experience.  At each period end, we review the estimated forfeiture rate and make changes as factors affecting the forfeiture rate calculations and assumptions change.

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If any assumptions used in the binomial option-pricing model change significantly, share-based compensation for future awards may differ materially compared with the awards granted previously.  For the three and six months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, share-based compensation expense was $0.5 million, $0.3 million, $0.9 million and $0.5 million respectively.  We had an aggregate of $3.7 million of unrecognized share-based compensation expense as of December 31, 2015, which we expect to recognize over an estimated period of 5.5 years for awards outstanding.

As permitted by Australian law, the board of directors of Nexvet Australia historically granted share options and restricted share units with an exercise or conversion price of zero. Because Irish law requires the payment to an issuer of at least the nominal value of shares in order to acquire such shares from the issuer, any options or restricted share units with a zero exercise or conversion price became exercisable or convertible, as applicable, at the nominal value per ordinary share in August 2014 in anticipation of the Irish Exchange.  This nominal value became $0.10 per ordinary share in September 2014 in connection with the Irish Exchange and was revised to $0.125 per ordinary share in connection with the four-for-five share consolidation in November 2014. Contemporaneously with these awards and based upon information available at the time of grant, the board of directors, with the assistance of management, also determined the fair value of the shares underlying these awards for financial reporting purposes.  The intention has been that all awards granted have been ascribed a value per ordinary share for financial reporting purposes equal to the fair value per ordinary share underlying those awards on the date of grant.  Prior to our initial public offering, when there was no public trading market for our ordinary shares, and in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Practice Aid, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation, our board of directors has exercised reasonable judgment and considered numerous objective and subjective factors to determine the best estimate of the fair value of our ordinary shares at each grant date.  These factors included:

Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, provides that an “emerging growth company” can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until those standards apply to private companies.  We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this delayed adoption of new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, we will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

Income Taxes

We have historically filed income tax returns in Australia, the United States and Ireland.

As of December 31, 2015, we had total deferred tax assets of $4.2 million.  Our management has evaluated the factors bearing upon the ability to realize our deferred tax assets, which are comprised largely of tax loss carry forwards.  Our management concluded that a full valuation allowance was necessary to offset our net deferred tax assets due to our lack of taxable income prospects for the foreseeable future.

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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.  This guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.  This guidance also requires an entity to disclose sufficient information to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Qualitative and quantitative information is required about:

In July 2015, the FASB delayed the effective date of this guidance. As a result, this guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. We are currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on our condensed consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, Compensation—Stock Compensation.  This guidance requires that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition.  A reporting entity should apply the existing guidance in ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, as it relates to awards with performance conditions that affect vesting to account for such awards.  As such, the performance target should not be reflected in estimating the grant-date fair value of the award.  Compensation cost should be recognized in the period in which it becomes probable that the performance target will be achieved and should represent the compensation cost attributable to the period(s) for which the requisite service has already been rendered.  If the performance target becomes probable of being achieved before the end of the requisite service period, the remaining unrecognized compensation cost should be recognized prospectively over the remaining requisite service period.  The total amount of compensation cost recognized during and after the requisite service period should reflect the number of awards that are expected to vest and should be adjusted to reflect those awards that ultimately vest.  The requisite service period ends when the employee can cease rendering service and still be eligible to vest in the award if the performance target is achieved.  This guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015.  We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014‑15, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205‑40).  This guidance defines management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an organization’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures.  Under the guidance, management is required to evaluate, for each annual and interim reporting period, whether it is probable that the entity will not be able to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. When management identifies substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, additional disclosures are required.  This guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016.  We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805) simplifying the accounting for measurement–period adjustments.  The guidance permits an acquirer to recognize adjustments to provisional purchase accounting amounts with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill in the reporting period in which the adjustments to the provisional amounts are determined.  The acquirer would adjust its financial statements as needed, including recognizing in current-period earnings the full effect of changes in depreciation, amortization, or other income effects, by line item, if any as a result of the change to the provisional amounts calculated as it the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date.  This guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016.  We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

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In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes.  This guidance simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes, in that it requires deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position.  This amendment applies to all entities that present a classified statement of financial position.  The current requirement that deferred tax liabilities and assets of a tax–paying component of an entity be offset and presented as a single amount is not affected by the amendments in this update.  This guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, however early adoption is permitted for all entities as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period.  The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments Overall (Subtopic 825-10) Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.  This guidance requires equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments, eliminates certain disclosure requirements, requires public companies to use the exit price notion when measuring fair value, and requires certain changes to the presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities.  This guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption for public entities is allowable only for the provisions related to elimination of fair value disclosure requirements and related to presentation of fair value changes resulting from instrument-specific credit risk in other comprehensive income. Early adoption is not allowed for any other provisions. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

 

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our cash as of December 31, 2015 was deposited with several large commercial banks located in the United States and Australia.  Our primary exposure to market risk for our cash is interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. and, to a lesser extent, Australian interest rates.  However, because our cash is held in bank accounts, a sudden change in the interest rates associated with our cash balances would not be expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

We do not have any major foreign currency or derivative financial instruments.  Cash is predominantly held in U.S. dollars.  We have operations in different economic environments that use the local currency as the functional currency.  This exposes us to currency exchange fluctuations.

 

 

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report.  Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.  There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a‑15(f) and 15d‑15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2015 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in the “Risk Factors” section of our Form 10‑K for the year ended June 30, 2015 and Form 10‑Q for the three months ended September 30, 2015.

 

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Use of Proceeds from Initial Public Offering

On February 4, 2015, our registration statement on Form S‑1 (File No. 333-201309) was declared effective by the SEC for our initial public offering, pursuant to which we sold an aggregate of 4.2 million ordinary shares (including the underwriters’ partial exercise of their overallotment option) at a price to the public of $10.00 per share.  Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Cowen and Company, LLC, Piper Jaffray & Co. and JMP Securities LLC acted as underwriters.  Following the sale of the securities registered in the registration statement, the offering terminated. On February 10, 2015 and March 11, 2015, we closed the sale of such shares, resulting in aggregate gross proceeds to us of $41.8 million and net proceeds to us of $38.0 million, after deducting the underwriting discount of $2.9 million and offering expenses payable by us of $0.9 million.  As of December 31, 2015, we have used $3.3 million of the proceeds from our initial public offering to fund the purchase of assets in a biologics manufacturing facility in Ireland and associated operating expenses.  We have not made any payments to our directors, officers or persons owning ten percent or more of our ordinary shares or to their associates, or to our affiliates.  Otherwise, there has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from our initial public offering as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC on February 5, 2015 pursuant to Rule 424(b).

 

 

 

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Item 6. Exhibits

 

 

 

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

 

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