ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P. - FORM 10-Q - EX-99.1 - EXHIBIT 99.1 - July 30, 2015

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10-Q - 10-Q - ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.ab-20150630x10q.htm
EX-31.1 - EXHIBIT 31.1 - ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.ab-20150630xex311.htm
EX-31.2 - EXHIBIT 31.2 - ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.ab-20150630xex312.htm
EX-32.1 - EXHIBIT 32.1 - ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.ab-20150630xex321.htm
EX-32.2 - EXHIBIT 32.2 - ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING L.P.ab-20150630xex322.htm

Exhibit 99.1
Part I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
(in thousands, except unit amounts)
 
June 30,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
 
(unaudited)
 
 
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
645,357

 
$
555,503

Cash and securities, at fair value (cost: $467,414 and $476,275)
467,456

 
476,277

Receivables, net:
 

 
 

Brokers and dealers
413,325

 
378,467

Brokerage clients
1,376,955

 
1,243,667

Fees
270,389

 
292,901

Investments:
 

 
 

Long-term incentive compensation-related
81,386

 
98,779

Other
630,239

 
664,696

Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net
157,869

 
160,956

Goodwill
3,044,807

 
3,044,807

Intangible assets, net
158,853

 
171,407

Deferred sales commissions, net
119,653

 
118,290

Other assets
232,308

 
172,703

Total assets
$
7,598,597

 
$
7,378,453

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST AND CAPITAL
 

 
 

Liabilities:
 

 
 

Payables:
 

 
 

Brokers and dealers
$
279,349

 
$
302,484

Securities sold not yet purchased
22,549

 
88,902

Brokerage clients
1,659,063

 
1,501,227

AB mutual funds
103,945

 
141,132

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
445,590

 
432,355

Accrued compensation and benefits
522,598

 
291,000

Debt
454,642

 
488,988

Total liabilities
3,487,736

 
3,246,088

 
 
 
 
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 12)


 


 
 
 
 
Redeemable non-controlling interest
16,504

 
16,504

 
 
 
 
Capital:
 

 
 

General Partner
41,094

 
41,381

Limited partners: 272,972,925 and 273,040,452 units issued and outstanding
4,148,114

 
4,176,637

Receivables from affiliates
(15,659
)
 
(16,359
)
AB Holding Units held for long-term incentive compensation plans
(32,257
)
 
(36,351
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(85,652
)
 
(79,843
)
Partners’ capital attributable to AB Unitholders
4,055,640

 
4,085,465

Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities
38,717

 
30,396

Total capital
4,094,357

 
4,115,861

Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest and capital
$
7,598,597

 
$
7,378,453

 
See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

1

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
(unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment advisory and services fees
$
515,924

 
$
492,348

 
$
1,009,912

 
$
947,232

Bernstein research services
121,910

 
118,973

 
247,956

 
241,982

Distribution revenues
111,850

 
110,342

 
221,034

 
216,528

Dividend and interest income
5,667

 
4,678

 
10,761

 
8,779

Investment gains (losses)
11,993

 
828

 
15,881

 
1,387

Other revenues
26,023

 
27,093

 
51,013

 
53,773

Total revenues
793,367

 
754,262

 
1,556,557

 
1,469,681

Less: Interest expense
630

 
614

 
1,249

 
1,415

Net revenues
792,737

 
753,648

 
1,555,308

 
1,468,266

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenses:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Employee compensation and benefits
337,640

 
327,472

 
663,967

 
634,505

Promotion and servicing:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Distribution-related payments
102,578

 
101,968

 
202,964

 
200,610

Amortization of deferred sales commissions
12,713

 
9,326

 
25,112

 
18,283

Other
59,182

 
58,936

 
114,719

 
112,581

General and administrative:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

General and administrative
108,092

 
105,913

 
215,425

 
213,400

Real estate (credits) charges
(80
)
 
(505
)
 
(463
)
 
1,437

Contingent payment arrangements
442

 
320

 
885

 
641

Interest on borrowings
736

 
768

 
1,590

 
1,549

Amortization of intangible assets
6,512

 
6,010

 
12,973

 
11,917

Total expenses
627,815

 
610,208

 
1,237,172

 
1,194,923

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income
164,922

 
143,440

 
318,136

 
273,343

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income taxes
9,153

 
7,008

 
19,623

 
18,373

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
155,769

 
136,432

 
298,513

 
254,970

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests
6,675

 
(3
)
 
7,950

 
1,810

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders
$
149,094

 
$
136,435

 
$
290,563

 
$
253,160

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income per AB Unit:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Basic
$
0.54

 
$
0.50

 
$
1.05

 
$
0.93

Diluted
$
0.54

 
$
0.50

 
$
1.05

 
$
0.93


See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
155,769

 
$
136,432

 
$
298,513

 
$
254,970

Other comprehensive income (loss):
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment, before reclassification and tax:
7,598

 
3,950

 
(4,677
)
 
6,099

Less: reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income upon liquidation
1,542

 
—

 
1,542

 
—

Foreign currency translation adjustments, before tax
6,056

 
3,950

 
(6,219
)
 
6,099

Income tax expense
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
6,056

 
3,950

 
(6,219
)
 
6,099

Unrealized (losses) gains on investments:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Unrealized (losses) gains arising during period
(530
)
 
414

 
(341
)
 
842

Less: reclassification adjustment for gains (losses) included in net income
—

 
1

 
—

 
(3
)
Change in unrealized (losses) gains on investments
(530
)
 
413

 
(341
)
 
845

Income tax benefit (expense)
161

 
(143
)
 
280

 
(286
)
Unrealized (losses) gains on investments, net of tax
(369
)
 
270

 
(61
)
 
559

Changes in employee benefit related items:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service cost
—

 
(1,300
)
 
—

 
(2,599
)
Recognized actuarial gain
238

 
488

 
475

 
974

Changes in employee benefit related items
238

 
(812
)
 
475

 
(1,625
)
Income tax (expense) benefit
(3
)
 
10

 
(65
)
 
(10
)
Employee benefit related items, net of tax
235

 
(802
)
 
410

 
(1,635
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
5,922

 
3,418

 
(5,870
)
 
5,023

Less: Comprehensive income (loss) in consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests
6,683

 
(12
)
 
7,891

 
1,842

Comprehensive income attributable to AB Unitholders
$
155,008

 
$
139,862

 
$
284,752

 
$
258,151

 
See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


3

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
298,513

 
$
254,970

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 

 
 

Amortization of deferred sales commissions
25,112

 
18,283

Non-cash long-term incentive compensation expense
9,682

 
12,693

Depreciation and other amortization
28,391

 
32,120

Unrealized (gains) on investments
(4,826
)
 
(8,680
)
Other, net
(8,486
)
 
(272
)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
 

 
 

Decrease in segregated cash and securities
8,821

 
390,557

(Increase) in receivables
(87,105
)
 
(106,941
)
Decrease in investments
56,117

 
6,385

(Increase) in deferred sales commissions
(26,475
)
 
(44,998
)
(Increase) in other assets
(60,687
)
 
(37,318
)
(Decrease) in payables
(18,922
)
 
(330,720
)
(Decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses
(14,931
)
 
(19,745
)
Increase in accrued compensation and benefits
230,865

 
172,008

Net cash provided by operating activities
436,069

 
338,342

Cash flows from investing activities:
 

 
 

Purchases of investments
(88
)
 
(190
)
Proceeds from sales of investments
—

 
42

Purchases of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements
(11,730
)
 
(14,202
)
Proceeds from sales of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements
33

 
245

Purchase of business, net of cash acquired
—

 
(60,610
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(11,785
)
 
(74,715
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 

 
 

(Repayment) issuance of commercial paper, net
(84,907
)
 
55,795

Proceeds from bank loans
50,000

 
—

Increase (decrease) in overdrafts payable
28,901

 
(10,349
)
Distributions to General Partner and Unitholders
(313,597
)
 
(298,022
)
Contributions from (to) non-controlling interests in consolidated entities
430

 
(11,375
)
Capital contributions from General Partner
657

 
844

Capital contributions from (to) AB Holding
136

 
(855
)
Payments of contingent payment arrangements
(404
)
 
(196
)
Additional investments by AB Holding with proceeds from exercise of compensatory options to buy AB Holding Units
8,979

 
12,026

Purchases of AB Holding Units to fund long-term incentive compensation plan awards, net
(19,709
)
 
(3,548
)
Purchases of AB Units
(726
)
 
(1,020
)
Other
(14
)
 
(13
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(330,254
)
 
(256,713
)
 
 
 
 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(4,176
)
 
4,988

 
 
 
 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
89,854

 
11,902

Cash and cash equivalents as of beginning of the period
555,503

 
509,891

Cash and cash equivalents as of end of the period
$
645,357

 
$
521,793

 
 
 
 

4

Non-cash investing activities:
 
 
 
Fair value of assets acquired
$
—

 
$
87,821

Fair value of liabilities assumed
—

 
1,342

Fair value of redeemable non-controlling interest recorded
—

 
16,504

Non-cash financing activities:
 
 
 
Payables recorded under contingent payment arrangements
—

 
9,365

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN L.P.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
June 30, 2015
(unaudited)

The words “we” and “our” refer collectively to AllianceBernstein L.P. and its subsidiaries (“AB”), or to their officers and employees. Similarly, the word “company” refers to AB. These statements should be read in conjunction with AB’s audited consolidated financial statements included in AB’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

1. Business Description Organization and Basis of Presentation

Business Description

We provide research, diversified investment management and related services globally to a broad range of clients. Our principal services include:

•
Institutional Services – servicing our institutional clients, including private and public pension plans, foundations and endowments, insurance companies, central banks and governments worldwide, and affiliates such as AXA and its subsidiaries, by means of separately-managed accounts, sub-advisory relationships, structured products, collective investment trusts, mutual funds, hedge funds and other investment vehicles.

•
Retail Services – servicing our retail clients, primarily by means of retail mutual funds sponsored by AB or an affiliated company, sub-advisory relationships with mutual funds sponsored by third parties, separately-managed account programs sponsored by financial intermediaries worldwide and other investment vehicles.

•
Private Wealth Management Services – servicing our private clients, including high-net-worth individuals and families, trusts and estates, charitable foundations, partnerships, private and family corporations, and other entities (including most institutions for which we manage accounts with less than $25 million in assets), by means of separately-managed accounts, hedge funds, mutual funds and other investment vehicles.

•
Bernstein Research Services – servicing institutional investors, such as pension fund, hedge fund and mutual fund managers, seeking high-quality fundamental research, quantitative services and brokerage-related services in equities and listed options.

We also provide distribution, shareholder servicing, transfer agency services and administrative services to the mutual funds we sponsor.
 
Our high-quality, in-depth research is the foundation of our business.  Our research disciplines include economic, fundamental equity, fixed income and quantitative research.  In addition, we have experts focused on multi-asset strategies, wealth management and alternative investments.

We provide a broad range of investment services with expertise in:

•
Actively managed equity strategies, with global and regional portfolios across capitalization ranges and investment strategies, including value, growth and core equities;

•Actively managed traditional and unconstrained fixed income strategies, including taxable and tax-exempt strategies;

•Passive management, including index and enhanced index strategies;

•Alternative investments, including hedge funds, fund of funds and private equity (e.g., direct real estate investing); and

•Multi-asset solutions and services, including dynamic asset allocation, customized target-date funds and target-risk funds.

Our services span various investment disciplines, including market capitalization (e.g., large-, mid- and small-cap equities), term (e.g., long-, intermediate- and short-duration debt securities), and geographic location (e.g., U.S., international, global, emerging markets, regional and local), in major markets around the world.


6

Organization

As of June 30, 2015, AXA, a société anonyme organized under the laws of France and the holding company for an international group of insurance and related financial services companies, through certain of its subsidiaries (“AXA and its subsidiaries”), owned approximately 1.4% of the issued and outstanding units representing assignments of beneficial ownership of limited partnership interests in AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AB Holding Units”).

As of June 30, 2015, the ownership structure of AB, expressed as a percentage of general and limited partnership interests, was as follows:

AXA and its subsidiaries
62.1
%
AB Holding
36.5

Unaffiliated holders
1.4

 
100.0
%

AllianceBernstein Corporation (an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of AXA, “General Partner”) is the general partner of both AllianceBernstein Holding L.P. (“AB Holding”) and AB. AllianceBernstein Corporation owns 100,000 general partnership units in AB Holding and a 1% general partnership interest in AB. Including both the general partnership and limited partnership interests in AB Holding and AB, AXA and its subsidiaries had an approximate 62.7% economic interest in AB as of June 30, 2015.

Basis of Presentation

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the interim results, have been made. The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the interim reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The condensed consolidated statement of financial condition as of December 31, 2014 was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include AB and its majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries. All significant inter-company transactions and balances among the consolidated entities have been eliminated.

Reclassification

The 2014 amounts for Institutional and Private Wealth Management finders’ fees previously presented as other promotion and servicing now are presented as distribution-related payments in the condensed consolidated statements of income to conform to the current year’s presentation.

2.
Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendment is effective retrospectively for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2017. Management currently is evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved After the Requisite Service Period. The amendment is effective prospectively or retrospectively for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2015 and is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.


7

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, Consolidation – Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis. The amendment is effective retrospectively for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2015. Management currently is evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which requires debt issuance costs to be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the associated debt liability, consistent with the presentation of a debt discount. The amendment is effective retrospectively for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2015 and is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-07, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent). Under the new guidance, investments measured at net asset value (“NAV”), as a practical expedient for fair value, are excluded from the fair value hierarchy. Removing investments measured using the practical expedient from the fair value hierarchy is intended to eliminate the diversity in practice that currently exists with respect to the categorization of these investments. The only criterion for categorizing investments in the fair value hierarchy will be the observability of the inputs. The amendment is effective retrospectively for fiscal years (and interim periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2015 and is not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

3.
Long-term Incentive Compensation Plans

We maintain several unfunded, non-qualified long-term incentive compensation plans, under which we grant annual awards to employees, generally in the fourth quarter.

Awards granted in December 2014 and 2013 allowed participants to allocate their awards between restricted AB Holding Units and deferred cash. Participants (except certain members of senior management) generally could allocate up to 50% of their awards to deferred cash, not to exceed a total of $250,000 per award. Each of our employees based outside of the United States (other than expatriates) who received a 2014 or 2013 award of $100,000 or less could have allocated up to 100% of his or her award to deferred cash. For awards granted in 2014 and 2013, participants allocated their awards prior to the date on which the Compensation Committee granted awards, December 12, 2014 and 2013, respectively. For these awards, the number of AB Holding Units awarded was based on the closing price of an AB Holding Unit on those days. For awards granted in 2014 and 2013:

•
We engaged in open-market purchases of AB Holding Units, or purchased newly-issued AB Holding Units from AB Holding, that were awarded to participants and held them in a consolidated rabbi trust.

•
Quarterly distributions on vested and unvested AB Holding Units are paid currently to participants, regardless of whether or not a long-term deferral election has been made.

•Interest on deferred cash is accrued monthly based on our monthly weighted average cost of funds.

We recognize compensation expense related to equity compensation grants in the financial statements using the fair value method. Fair value of restricted AB Holding Unit awards is the closing price of an AB Holding Unit on the grant date; fair value of options is determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Under the fair value method, compensatory expense is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and is recognized over the required service period. For year-end long-term incentive compensation awards, employees who resign or are terminated without cause may retain their awards, subject to compliance with certain agreements and restrictive covenants set forth in the applicable award agreement, including restrictions on competition and employee and client solicitation, and a claw-back for failing to follow existing risk management policies. Because there is no service requirement, we fully expense these awards on grant date. Most equity replacement, sign-on or similar deferred compensation awards included in separate employment agreements or arrangements include a required service period. Regardless of whether or not the award agreement includes employee service requirements, AB Holding Units typically are distributed to employees ratably over four years, unless the employee has made a long-term deferral election.

Grants of restricted AB Holding Units and options to buy AB Holding Units typically are awarded during the second quarter to members of the Board of Directors of the General Partner who are not employed by our company or by any of our affiliates (“Eligible Directors”). Restricted AB Holding Units are distributed on the third anniversary of the grant date and the options become exercisable ratably over three years. These restricted AB Holding Units and options are not forfeitable (except if the E

8

ligible Director is terminated for “Cause”, as that term is defined in the applicable award agreement). Because there is no service requirement, we fully expense these awards on grant date.

We fund our restricted AB Holding Unit awards either by purchasing AB Holding Units on the open market or purchasing newly-issued AB Holding Units from AB Holding, all of which then are held in a consolidated rabbi trust until they are distributed to employees or retired. In accordance with the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of AB (“AB Partnership Agreement”), when AB purchases newly-issued AB Holding Units from AB Holding, AB Holding is required to use the proceeds it receives from AB to purchase the equivalent number of newly-issued AB Units, thus increasing its percentage ownership interest in AB. AB Holding Units held in the consolidated rabbi trust are corporate assets in the name of the trust and are available to the general creditors of AB.

During the second quarter and first six months of 2015, we purchased 0.1 million and 0.8 million AB Holding Units for $4.3 million and $21.3 million, respectively (on a trade date basis). These amounts reflect open-market purchases of 0.1 million and 0.7 million AB Holding Units for $4.0 million and $19.0 million, respectively, with the remainder relating to purchases of AB Holding Units from employees to allow them to fulfill statutory tax withholding requirements at the time of distribution of long-term incentive compensation awards. During the second quarter and the first six months of 2014, we purchased approximately 15,000 and 0.2 million AB Holding Units for $0.4 million and $4.1 million, respectively (on a trade date basis). These amounts reflect purchases of AB Holding Units from employees to allow them to fulfill statutory tax withholding requirements at the time of distribution of long-term incentive compensation awards.

Each quarter, we implement plans to repurchase AB Holding Units pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). A Rule 10b5-1 plan allows a company to repurchase its shares at times when it otherwise might be prevented from doing so because of self-imposed trading blackout periods or because it possesses material non-public information. Each broker we select has the authority under the terms and limitations specified in the plan to repurchase AB Holding Units on our behalf in accordance with the terms of the plan. Repurchases are subject to regulations promulgated by the SEC as well as certain price, market volume and timing constraints specified in the plan. The plan adopted during the second quarter of 2015 expired at the close of business on July 29, 2015. We may adopt additional Rule 10b5-1 plans in the future to engage in open-market purchases of AB Holding Units to help fund anticipated obligations under our incentive compensation award program and for other corporate purposes.

During the first six months of 2015 and 2014, we granted to employees and Eligible Directors 0.3 million and 0.4 million restricted AB Holding Unit awards, respectively. We used AB Holding Units repurchased during the period and newly-issued AB Holding Units to fund restricted AB Holding Unit awards.

During the first six months of 2015 and 2014, AB Holding issued 0.5 million and 0.7 million AB Holding Units upon exercise of options to buy AB Holding Units, respectively. AB Holding used the proceeds of $9.0 million and $12.0 million received from employees as payment in cash for the exercise price, respectively, to purchase the equivalent number of newly-issued AB Units.

4.
Cash Distributions

AB is required to distribute all of its Available Cash Flow, as defined in the AB Partnership Agreement, to its Unitholders and to the General Partner. Available Cash Flow can be summarized as the cash flow received by AB from operations minus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be retained by AB for use in its business, or plus such amounts as the General Partner determines, in its sole discretion, should be released from previously retained cash flow.

Typically, Available Cash Flow has been the adjusted diluted net income per unit for the quarter multiplied by the number of general and limited partnership interests at the end of the quarter. In future periods, management anticipates that Available Cash Flow will be based on adjusted diluted net income per unit, unless management determines that one or more non-GAAP adjustments that are made for adjusted net income should not be made with respect to the Available Cash Flow calculation.

On July 30, 2015, the General Partner declared a distribution of $0.54 per AB Unit, representing a distribution of Available Cash Flow for the three months ended June 30, 2015. The General Partner, as a result of its 1% general partnership interest, is entitled to receive 1% of each distribution. The distribution is payable on August 27, 2015 to holders of record on August 10, 2015.



9

5.
Real Estate Charges

During 2010, we performed a comprehensive review of our real estate requirements in New York in connection with our workforce reductions, which commenced in 2008. As a result, during 2010 we decided to sub-lease over 380,000 square feet in New York (all of this space has been sublet) and consolidate our New York-based employees into two office locations from three. During the third quarter of 2012, in an effort to further reduce our global real estate footprint, we completed a comprehensive review of our worldwide office locations and began implementing a global space consolidation plan. As a result, our intention is to sub-lease approximately 510,000 square feet of office space (in excess of 90% of this space has been sublet), more than 70% of which is New York office space (in addition to the 380,000 square foot space reduction in 2010), with the remainder consisting of office space in England, Australia and various U.S. locations.

During the first six months of 2015, we recorded pre-tax real estate credits of $0.5 million, resulting from a change in estimates related to previously recorded real estate charges.

The activity in the liability account relating to our 2010 and 2012 office space consolidation initiatives for the following periods is as follows:
 
 
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2015
 
Twelve Months Ended
December 31, 2014
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Balance as of beginning of period
$
148,429

 
$
199,527

Expense (credit) incurred
(65
)
 
(4,755
)
Deferred rent
—

 
—

Payments made
(24,435
)
 
(50,893
)
Interest accretion
2,167

 
4,550

Balance as of end of period
$
126,096

 
$
148,429


6.
Net Income per Unit

Basic net income per unit is derived by reducing net income for the 1% general partnership interest and dividing the remaining 99% by the basic weighted average number of units outstanding for each period. Diluted net income per unit is derived by reducing net income for the 1% general partnership interest and dividing the remaining 99% by the total of the diluted weighted average number of units outstanding for each period.

 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to AB Unitholders
$
149,094

 
$
136,435

 
$
290,563

 
$
253,160

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average units outstanding – basic
272,858

 
268,782

 
272,844

 
268,621

Dilutive effect of compensatory options to buy AB Holding Units
1,253

 
1,169

 
1,184

 
1,127

Weighted average units outstanding – diluted
274,111

 
269,951

 
274,028

 
269,748

Basic net income per AB Unit
$
0.54

 
$
0.50

 
$
1.05

 
$
0.93

Diluted net income per AB Unit
$
0.54

 
$
0.50

 
$
1.05

 
$
0.93



10

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, we excluded 2,383,589 options from the diluted net income per unit computation due to their anti-dilutive effect. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, we excluded 2,806,033 options from the diluted net income per unit computation due to their anti-dilutive effect.
 
7.
Cash and Securities Segregated Under Federal Regulations and Other Requirements

As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, $0.4 billion of U.S. Treasury Bills were segregated in a special reserve bank custody account for the exclusive benefit of brokerage customers of Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., LLC (one of our subsidiaries, “SCB LLC”) under Rule 15c3-3 of the Exchange Act.

AllianceBernstein Investments, Inc. (one of our subsidiaries, “AllianceBernstein Investments”), the distributor of company-sponsored U.S. mutual funds, maintains several special bank accounts for the exclusive benefit of customers. As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, $37.4 million and $61.3 million, respectively, of cash was segregated in these bank accounts.

8.
Investments

Investments consist of:
 
 
 
 
June 30,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale (primarily seed capital)
$
5,825

 
$
6,172

Trading:
 

 
 

Long-term incentive compensation-related
61,564

 
74,095

U.S. Treasury Bills
29,000

 
28,982

Seed capital
416,248

 
400,746

Equities
57,355

 
79,720

Exchange-traded options
7,935

 
22,290

Investments in limited partnership hedge funds:
 

 
 

Long-term incentive compensation-related
19,822

 
24,684

Seed capital
24,412

 
33,951

Consolidated private equity fund (10% seed capital)
27,745

 
32,604

Private equity (seed capital)
48,412

 
48,734

Other
13,307

 
11,497

Total investments
$
711,625

 
$
763,475


Total investments related to long-term incentive compensation obligations of $81.4 million and $98.8 million as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, consist of company-sponsored mutual funds and hedge funds. For long-term incentive compensation awards granted before 2009, we typically made investments in our services that were notionally elected by plan participants and maintained them (and continue to maintain them) in a consolidated rabbi trust or separate custodial account. The rabbi trust and custodial account enable us to hold such investments separate from our other assets for the purpose of settling our obligations to participants. The investments held in the rabbi trust and custodial account remain available to the general creditors of AB.

The underlying investments of the hedge funds in which we invest include long and short positions in equity securities, fixed income securities (including various agency and non-agency asset-based securities), currencies, commodities and derivatives (including various swaps and forward contracts). These investments are valued at quoted market prices or, where quoted market prices are not available, are fair valued based on the pricing policies and procedures of the underlying funds.

U.S. Treasury Bills are held by SCB LLC in its investment account, the majority of which are pledged as collateral with clearing organizations. These clearing organizations have the ability by contract or custom to sell or re-pledge this collateral.

We allocate seed capital to our investment teams to help enable them to develop new products and services for our clients. The seed capital trading investments are equity and fixed income products, primarily in the form of separately-managed account portfolios, U.S. mutual funds, Luxembourg funds, Japanese investment trust management funds or Delaware business

11

trusts. We also may allocate seed capital to investments in private equity funds, such as our consolidated venture capital fund, which holds technology, media, telecommunications, healthcare and clean-tech investments, and a third-party venture capital fund that invests in communications, consumer, digital media, healthcare and information technology markets.

Trading securities also include long positions in corporate equities, an exchange-traded fund and long exchange-traded options traded through our options desk.

The portion of trading gains (losses) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 related to trading securities held as of June 30, 2015 and 2014 is as follows (in thousands):

 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (losses) gains recognized during the period
$
(1,432
)
 
$
10,957

 
$
5,352

 
$
25,769

Less: net gains recognized during the period on trading securities sold during the period
506

 
3,462

 
6,553

 
7,866

Unrealized (losses) gains recognized during the period on trading securities held
$
(1,938
)
 
$
7,495

 
$
(1,201
)
 
$
17,903


9.
Derivative Instruments

We enter into various futures, forwards and swaps to economically hedge certain seed capital investments.  Also, we have currency forwards that economically hedge certain cash accounts and exchange-traded futures to economically hedge a foreign investment. In addition, our options desk trades long and short exchange-traded equity options. We do not hold any derivatives designated in a formal hedge relationship under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-10, Derivatives and Hedging.

The notional value and fair value as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 for derivative instruments (excluding our options desk trading activities discussed below) not designated as hedging instruments were as follows:

 
 
 
Fair Value
 
Notional Value
 
Asset Derivatives
 
Liability Derivatives
 
(in thousands)
June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
Exchange-traded futures
$
147,181

 
$
2,347

 
$
168

Currency forwards
256,119

 
4,145

 
3,750

Interest rate swaps
76,058

 
4,579

 
5,146

Credit default swaps
27,244

 
1,451

 
357

Option swaps
64

 
54

 
7

Total return swaps
103,916

 
1,993

 
1,187

Total derivatives
$
610,582

 
$
14,569

 
$
10,615

 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
Exchange-traded futures
$
149,863

 
$
571

 
$
2,438

Currency forwards
149,282

 
1,782

 
333

Interest rate swaps
50,591

 
1,507

 
2,679

Credit default swaps
32,745

 
1,432

 
110

Option swaps
11

 
107

 
88

Total return swaps
125,913

 
1,388

 
3,744

Total derivatives
$
508,405

 
$
6,787

 
$
9,392



12

As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the derivative assets and liabilities are included in both receivables and payables to brokers and dealers on our condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

The gains and losses for derivative instruments (excluding our options desk trading activities) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 recognized in investment gains (losses) in the condensed consolidated statements of income were as follows:

 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exchange-traded futures
$
1,428

 
$
(3,898
)
 
$
(3,559
)
 
$
(4,396
)
Currency forwards
(1,294
)
 
(1,346
)
 
2,158

 
(3,012
)
Interest rate swaps
415

 
(1,134
)
 
(330
)
 
(1,927
)
Credit default swaps
(158
)
 
(374
)
 
(215
)
 
(379
)
Options swaps
(4
)
 
(107
)
 
(21
)
 
(142
)
Total return swaps
2,086

 
(7,086
)
 
(1,615
)
 
(9,610
)
Net gains (losses) on derivative instruments
$
2,473

 
$
(13,945
)
 
$
(3,582
)
 
$
(19,466
)

We may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments. We minimize our counterparty exposure through a credit review and approval process. In addition, we executed various collateral arrangements with counterparties to the over-the-counter derivative transactions that require both pledging and accepting collateral in the form of cash. As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we held $1.8 million and $1.0 million, respectively, of cash collateral payable to trade counterparties. This obligation to return cash is reported in payables to brokers and dealers in our condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

Although notional amount is the most commonly used measure of volume in the derivative market, it is not used as a measure of credit risk. Generally, the current credit exposure of our derivative contracts is limited to the net positive estimated fair value of derivative contracts at the reporting date after taking into consideration the existence of netting agreements and any collateral received. A derivative with positive value (a derivative asset) indicates existence of credit risk because the counterparty would owe us if the contract were closed. Alternatively, a derivative contract with negative value (a derivative liability) indicates we would owe money to the counterparty if the contract were closed. Generally, if there is more than one derivative transaction with a single counterparty, a master netting arrangement exists with respect to derivative transactions with that counterparty to provide for aggregate net settlement.

Certain of our standardized contracts for over-the-counter derivative transactions (“ISDA Master Agreements”) contain credit risk related contingent provisions related to each counterparty’s credit rating. In some ISDA Master Agreements, if the counterparty’s credit rating, or in some agreements, our assets under management (“AUM”), falls below a specified threshold, either a default or a termination event permitting the counterparty to terminate the ISDA Master Agreement would be triggered. In all agreements that provide for collateralization, various levels of collateralization of net liability positions are applicable, depending on the credit rating of the counterparty. As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we delivered $6.4 million and $13.2 million, respectively, of cash collateral into brokerage accounts. We report this cash collateral in cash and cash equivalents in our condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we held $7.9 million and $22.3 million, respectively, of long exchange-traded equity options, which are classified as trading investments and included in other investments on our condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. In addition, as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we held $1.9 million and $7.1 million, respectively, of short exchange-traded equity options, which are included in securities sold not yet purchased on our condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Our options desk provides our clients with equity derivative strategies and execution for exchange-traded options on single stocks, exchange-traded funds and indices. While predominately agency-based, the options desk may commit capital to facilitate a client’s transaction. Our options desk hedges the risks associated with this activity by taking offsetting positions in equities. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, we recognized $7.6 million and $40.4 million, respectively, of losses on equity options activity. For the three and six months

13

ended June 30, 2014, we recognized $29.6 million and $90.4 million, respectively, of losses on equity options activity. These losses are recognized in investment gains (losses) in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

10.
Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

Offsetting of assets as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 was as follows:
 
 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
 
Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position
 
Financial
Instruments
 
Cash
Collateral
Received
 
Net
Amount
 
(in thousands)
June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities borrowed
$
92,500

 
$
—

 
$
92,500

 
$
—

 
$
(92,500
)
 
$
—

Derivatives
$
14,569

 
$
—

 
$
14,569

 
$
—

 
$
(1,828
)
 
$
12,741

Long exchange-traded options
$
7,935

 
$
—

 
$
7,935

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
7,935

December 31, 2014:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Securities borrowed
$
158,147

 
$
—

 
$
158,147

 
$
—

 
$
(158,147
)
 
$
—

Derivatives
$
6,787

 
$
—

 
$
6,787

 
$
—

 
$
(990
)
 
$
5,797

Long exchange-traded options
$
22,290

 
$
—

 
$
22,290

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
22,290


Offsetting of liabilities as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 was as follows:
 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities
 
Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
 
Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position
 
Financial
Instruments
 
Cash
Collateral
Pledged
 
Net Amount
 
(in thousands)
June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities loaned
$
6,900

 
$
—

 
$
6,900

 
$
—

 
$
(6,900
)
 
$
—

Derivatives
$
10,615

 
$
—

 
$
10,615

 
$
—

 
$
(6,353
)
 
$
4,262

Short exchange-traded options
$
1,907

 
$
—

 
$
1,907

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,907

December 31, 2014:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Securities loaned
$
33,645

 
$
—

 
$
33,645

 
$
—

 
$
(33,645
)
 
$
—

Derivatives
$
9,392

 
$
—

 
$
9,392

 
$
—

 
$
(9,392
)
 
$
—

Short exchange-traded options
$
7,118

 
$
—

 
$
7,118

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
7,118


Cash collateral pledged and received on derivative instruments are not considered material and are not disclosed by counterparty.






14




11.
Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The three broad levels of fair value hierarchy are as follows:

•    Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets are available for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date.

•
Level 2 – Quoted prices in markets that are not active or other pricing inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date.

•
Level 3 –  Prices or valuation techniques that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable as of the reported date. These financial instruments do not have two-way markets and are measured using management’s best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Valuation of our financial instruments by pricing observability levels as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 was as follows (in thousands):

15

 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money markets
$
254,133

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
254,133

U.S. Treasury Bills
—

 
459,007

 
—

 
459,007

Available-for-sale
 

 
 

 
 

 


Equity securities
5,527

 
—

 
—

 
5,527

Fixed income securities
298

 
—

 
—

 
298

Trading
 

 
 

 
 

 


Equity securities
331,417

 
22,703

 
124

 
354,244

Fixed income securities
178,203

 
2,721

 
—

 
180,924

Long exchange-traded options
7,935

 
—

 
—

 
7,935

Derivatives
2,347

 
12,222

 
—

 
14,569

Private equity
15,177

 
—

 
50,730

 
65,907

Total assets measured at fair value
$
795,037


$
496,653


$
50,854


$
1,342,544

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities sold not yet purchased
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Short equities – corporate
$
20,642

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
20,642

Short exchange-traded options
1,907

 
—

 
—

 
1,907

Derivatives
168

 
10,447

 
—

 
10,615

Contingent payment arrangements
—

 
—

 
42,032

 
42,032

Total liabilities measured at fair value
$
22,717


$
10,447


$
42,032


$
75,196

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money markets
$
89,566

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
89,566

U.S. Treasury Bills
—

 
444,152

 
—

 
444,152

Available-for-sale
 

 
 

 
 

 


Equity securities
5,951

 
—

 
—

 
5,951

Fixed income securities
221

 
—

 
—

 
221

Trading
 

 
 

 
 

 


Equity securities
387,495

 
7

 
—

 
387,502

Fixed income securities
164,317

 
2,742

 
—

 
167,059

Long exchange-traded options
22,290

 
—

 
—

 
22,290

Derivatives
571

 
6,216

 
—

 
6,787

Private equity
12,162

 
—

 
58,926

 
71,088

Total assets measured at fair value
$
682,573


$
453,117


$
58,926


$
1,194,616

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities sold not yet purchased
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Short equities – corporate
$
81,784

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
81,784

Short exchange-traded options
7,118

 
—

 
—

 
7,118

Derivatives
2,438

 
6,954

 
—

 
9,392

Contingent payment arrangements
—

 
—

 
42,436

 
42,436

Total liabilities measured at fair value
$
91,340


$
6,954


$
42,436


$
140,730


We provide below a description of the fair value methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy:

•
Money markets: We invest excess cash in various money market funds that are valued based on quoted prices in active markets; these are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

16


•
Treasury Bills: We hold U.S. Treasury Bills, which are primarily segregated in a special reserve bank custody account as required by Rule 15c3-3 of the Exchange Act. These securities are valued based on quoted yields in secondary markets and are included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

•
Equity and fixed income securities: Our equity and fixed income securities consist principally of company-sponsored mutual funds with net asset values and various separately-managed portfolios consisting primarily of equity and fixed income securities with quoted prices in active markets, which are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. In addition, some securities are valued based on observable inputs from recognized pricing vendors, which are included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

•
Derivatives: We hold exchange-traded futures with counterparties that are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. In addition, we also hold currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, option swaps and total return swaps with counterparties that are included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

•    Options: We hold long exchange-traded options that are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

•
Private equity: Generally, the valuation of private equity investments owned by our consolidated venture capital fund or by us directly (regarding an investment in a private equity fund focused exclusively on the energy sector) requires significant management judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices, inherent lack of liquidity and the long-term nature of such investments. Private equity investments are valued initially at cost. The carrying values of private equity investments are adjusted either up or down from cost to reflect expected exit values as evidenced by financing and sale transactions with third parties, or when determination of a valuation adjustment is confirmed through ongoing review in accordance with our valuation policies and procedures. A variety of factors are reviewed and monitored to assess positive and negative changes in valuation, including current operating performance and future expectations of investee companies, industry valuations of comparable public companies, changes in market outlooks, and the third party financing environment over time. In determining valuation adjustments resulting from the investment review process, particular emphasis is placed on current company performance and market conditions. For these reasons, which make the fair value of private equity investments unobservable, equity investments are included in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. We also invest in a third-party venture capital fund in which fair value is based on our capital account balance provided by the partnership and is included in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. If private equity investments owned by our consolidated venture capital fund become publicly traded, they are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Also, if they contain trading restrictions, publicly-traded equity investments are included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy until the trading restrictions expire. During the first quarter of 2015, $26,000 was transferred from a Level 3 classification to a Level 1 classification.

•
Securities sold not yet purchased: Securities sold not yet purchased, primarily reflecting short positions in equities and exchange-traded options, are included in Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy.

•
Contingent payment arrangements: Contingent payment arrangements relate to contingent payment liabilities associated with acquisitions in 2010, 2013 and 2014. At each reporting date, we estimate the fair values of the contingent consideration expected to be paid based upon probability-weighted AUM and revenue projections, using unobservable market data inputs, which are included in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.












17

The change in carrying value associated with private equity and trading equity securities Level 3 financial instruments carried at fair value is as follows:

 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of beginning of period
$
58,841

 
$
50,744

 
$
58,926

 
$
52,081

Transfer out
—

 
—

 
(26
)
 
—

Purchases
76

 
2,320

 
198

 
2,821

Sales
(18,042
)
 
—

 
(18,042
)
 
(1,121
)
Realized gains (losses), net
10,114

 
(400
)
 
4,920

 
721

Unrealized (losses) gains, net
(135
)
 
342

 
4,878

 
(1,496
)
Balance as of end of period
$
50,854

 
$
53,006

 
$
50,854

 
$
53,006


Transfers into and out of all levels of the fair value hierarchy are reflected at end-of-period fair values. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on Level 3 financial instruments are recorded in investment gains and losses in the condensed consolidated statements of income. Approximately one-third of the Level 3 investments are private equity investments owned by our consolidated venture capital fund, of which we own 10% and non-controlling interests own 90%.

Quantitative information about private equity Level 3 fair value measurements as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 is as follows:

 
Fair value as of June 30, 2015
 
Valuation Technique
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range
 
(in thousands)
Private Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technology, Media and Telecommunications
$
12,447

 
Market comparable companies
 
Revenue multiple
 
1.8 - 2.7

 
 

 
Pending acquisition
 
Marketability discount
 
30
%

Also, we have an investment in a private equity fund focused exclusively on the energy sector (fair value of $7.5 million) that is classified as Level 3. This investment’s valuation is based on a market approach, considering recent transactions of the fund and the industry.

 
Fair value as of December 31, 2014
 
Valuation Technique
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range
 
(in thousands)
Private Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Technology, Media and Telecommunications
$
20,112

 
Market comparable companies
 
Revenue multiple
 
2.0 - 3.5

 
 

 
    
 
Discount rate
 
18
%
 
 

 
    
 
Discount years
 
2.0 years


In addition, as of December 31, 2014, there are two investments (with a combined fair value of $0.2 million) in the Healthcare and Clean-tech category that are classified as Level 3. The first investment is valued based on liquidation value and the second investment is a warrant valued using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Also, we have an investment in a private

18

equity fund focused exclusively on the energy sector (fair value of $7.5 million) that is classified as Level 3. This investment’s valuation is based on a market approach, considering recent transactions of the fund and the industry.
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the reporting entities’ venture capital securities in the Technology, Media and Telecommunications areas are enterprise value to revenue multiples and a discount to account for liquidity and various risk factors. Significant increases (decreases) in the enterprise value to revenue multiple inputs in isolation would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
One of our private equity investments is a venture capital fund (fair value of $30.6 million and unfunded commitment of $2.9 million as of June 30, 2015) that invests in communications, consumer, digital media, healthcare and information technology markets. In addition, one of the investments included in our consolidated private equity fund (fair value of $0.1 million and no unfunded commitment as of June 30, 2015) is a venture capital fund investing in clean energy, resource and energy efficiency and other sustainable industries. The fair value of each of these investments has been estimated using the capital account balances provided by the partnerships. The interests in these partnerships cannot be redeemed.
The change in carrying value associated with contingent payment arrangements Level 3 financial instruments carried at fair value is as follows:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of beginning of period
$
42,223

 
$
37,688

 
$
42,436

 
$
38,205

Addition
—

 
8,915

 
—

 
8,915

Accretion
442

 
321

 
885

 
642

Payments
(633
)
 
—

 
(1,289
)
 
(838
)
Balance as of end of period
$
42,032

 
$
46,924

 
$
42,032

 
$
46,924


Quantitative information about contingent payment arrangements Level 3 fair value measurements as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 is as follows:

Our three acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities (with a combined fair value of $42.0 million as of June 30, 2015 and $42.4 million as of December 31, 2014) currently are valued using projected AUM growth rates with a weighted average of 46%, revenue growth rates with a weighted average of 71%, and discount rates ranging between 3% (when using a cost of debt assumption) and 18% (when using a cost of capital assumption).

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

We did not have any material assets or liabilities that were measured at fair value for impairment on a nonrecurring basis during the six months ended June 30, 2015 or during the year ended December 31, 2014.

12.
Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

With respect to all significant litigation matters, we consider the likelihood of a negative outcome.  If we determine the likelihood of a negative outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, we record an estimated loss for the expected outcome of the litigation. If the likelihood of a negative outcome is reasonably possible and we are able to determine an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss in excess of amounts already accrued, if any, we disclose that fact together with the estimate of the possible loss or range of loss. However, it is often difficult to predict the outcome or estimate a possible loss or range of loss because litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, particularly when plaintiffs allege substantial or indeterminate damages. Such is also the case when the litigation is in its early stages or when the litigation is highly complex or broad in scope. In these cases, we disclose that we are unable to predict the outcome or estimate a possible loss or range of loss.


19

During the first quarter of 2012, we received a legal letter of claim (“Letter of Claim”) sent on behalf of Philips Pension Trustees Limited and Philips Electronics U.K. Limited (“Philips”), a former pension fund client, alleging that AllianceBernstein Limited (one of our subsidiaries organized in the U.K.) was negligent and failed to meet certain applicable standards of care with respect to the initial investment in, and management of, a £500 million portfolio of U.S. mortgage-backed securities. Philips has alleged damages ranging between $177 million and $234 million, plus compound interest on an alleged $125 million of realized losses in the portfolio. On January 2, 2014, Philips filed a claim form (“Claim”) in the High Court of Justice in London, England, which formally commenced litigation with respect to the allegations in the Letter of Claim.

We believe that any losses to Philips resulted from adverse developments in the U.S. housing and mortgage market that precipitated the financial crisis in 2008 and not from any negligence or other failure or malfeasance on our part. We believe that we have strong defenses to these claims, which are set forth in our October 12, 2012 response to the Letter of Claim and our June 27, 2014 Statement of Defence in response to the Claim, and intend to defend this matter vigorously. Currently, we are unable to estimate a reasonably possible range of loss because the matter remains in its early stages.

In addition to the Claim discussed immediately above, we are involved in various other matters, including regulatory inquiries, administrative proceedings and litigation, some of which allege significant damages.

In management’s opinion, an adequate accrual has been made as of June 30, 2015 to provide for any probable losses regarding any litigation matters for which we can reasonably estimate an amount of loss. It is reasonably possible that we could incur additional losses pertaining to these matters, but currently we cannot estimate any such additional losses.

Management, after consultation with legal counsel, currently believes that the outcome of any individual matter that is pending or threatened, or all of them combined, will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. However, any inquiry, proceeding or litigation has an element of uncertainty; management cannot determine whether further developments relating to any individual matter that is pending or threatened, or all of them combined, will have a material adverse effect on our results of operation, financial condition or liquidity in any future reporting period.

13.
Units Outstanding

Changes in limited partnership units outstanding during the six-month period ended June 30, 2015 were as follows:
 
 
 
Outstanding as of December 31, 2014
273,040,452

Options exercised
526,201

Units issued
207,945

Units retired
(801,673
)
Balance as of June 30, 2015
272,972,925


During the first six months of 2015, we purchased 23,100 AB Units in private transactions and retired them.

14.
Debt

As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, AB had $404.6 million and $489.0 million, respectively, in commercial paper outstanding with weighted average interest rates of approximately 0.3% for both periods. The commercial paper is short term in nature, and as such, recorded value is estimated to approximate fair value (and considered a Level 2 security in the fair value hierarchy). Average daily borrowings of commercial paper during the first six months of 2015 and the full year 2014 were $417.1 million and $335.0 million, respectively, with weighted average interest rates of approximately 0.3% and 0.2%, respectively.

As of June 30, 2015, SCB LLC had $50.0 million in loans outstanding at an average interest rate of 1.4%. As of December 31, 2014, SCB LLC had no bank loans outstanding. Average daily borrowings of bank loans during the first six months of 2015 and full year 2014 were $4.2 million and $5.5 million, respectively, with weighted average interest rates of approximately 1.2% and 1.1%, respectively.




20

15.
Changes in Capital

Changes in capital during the six-month period ended June 30, 2015 were as follows: 

 
Partners’ Capital Attributable to AB Unitholders
 
Non-Controlling Interests In Consolidated Entities
 
Total Capital
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2014
$
4,085,465

 
$
30,396

 
$
4,115,861

Comprehensive income:
 

 
 

 
 

Net income
290,563

 
7,950

 
298,513

Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
 

 
 

 
 

Unrealized (losses) on investments
(61
)
 
—

 
(61
)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
(6,160
)
 
(59
)
 
(6,219
)
Changes in employee benefit related items
410

 
—

 
410

Comprehensive income
284,752

 
7,891

 
292,643

 
 
 
 
 
 
Distributions to General Partner and unitholders
(313,597
)
 
—

 
(313,597
)
Distributions from non-controlling interests
—

 
430

 
430

Compensation-related transactions
(1,047
)
 
—

 
(1,047
)
Other
67

 
—

 
67

Balance as of June 30, 2015
$
4,055,640

 
$
38,717

 
$
4,094,357


Changes in capital during the six-month period ended June 30, 2014 were as follows:

 
Partners’ Capital Attributable to AB Unitholders
 
Non-Controlling Interests In Consolidated Entities
 
Total Capital
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2013
$
4,027,486

 
$
42,240

 
$
4,069,726

Comprehensive income:
 

 
 

 
 

Net income
253,160

 
1,810

 
254,970

Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
 

 
 

 
 

Unrealized gains on investments
559

 
—

 
559

Foreign currency translation adjustments
6,067

 
32

 
6,099

Changes in employee benefit related items
(1,635
)
 
—

 
(1,635
)
Comprehensive income
258,151

 
1,842

 
259,993

 
 
 
 
 
 
Distributions to General Partner and unitholders
(298,022
)
 
—

 
(298,022
)
Distributions to non-controlling interests
—

 
(11,375
)
 
(11,375
)
Purchases of AB Units
(1,020
)
 
—

 
(1,020
)
Compensation-related transactions
21,160

 
—

 
21,160

Balance as of June 30, 2014
$
4,007,755

 
$
32,707

 
$
4,040,462



21

Deferred taxes are not recognized on foreign currency translation adjustments for foreign subsidiaries, which have earnings that are considered permanently invested outside the United States.


16.
Acquisitions

Acquisitions are accounted for under ASC 805, Business Combinations.

On June 20, 2014, we acquired an approximate 82% ownership interest in CPH Capital Fondsmaeglerselskab A/S (“CPH”), a Danish asset management firm that managed approximately $3 billion in global core equity assets for institutional investors, for a cash payment of $64.4 million and a contingent consideration payable of $9.4 million. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired resulted in the recognition of $58.1 million of goodwill. We recorded $24.1 million of definite-lived intangible assets relating to separately-managed account relationships and $3.5 million of indefinite-lived intangible assets relating to an acquired fund’s investment contract. We also recorded redeemable non-controlling interest of $16.5 million relating to the fair value of the portion of CPH we do not own.



22

Item 2.     Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Executive Overview

Our total assets under management (“AUM”) as of June 30, 2015 were $485.1 billion, down $0.8 billion, or 0.2%, compared to March 31, 2015, and up $4.9 billion, or 1.0%, compared to June 30, 2014. During the second quarter of 2015, AUM decreased primarily as a result of market depreciation of $3.2 billion, offset by net inflows of $2.2 billion (Institutional inflows of $3.5 billion, offset by Retail outflows of $0.9 billion and Private Wealth Management outflows of $0.4 billion). During the twelve months ended June 30, 2015, AUM increased primarily as a result of net inflows of $9.4 billion (Institutional inflows of $11.3 billion, offset by Retail outflows of $1.8 billion and Private Wealth Management outflows of $0.1 billion), offset by market depreciation of $3.1 billion.

Institutional AUM increased $0.5 billion, or 0.2%, to $244.2 billion during the second quarter of 2015, due to net inflows of $3.5 billion, offset by market depreciation of $3.0 billion. Gross sales increased 93.5% sequentially from $7.3 billion during the first quarter of 2015 to $14.2 billion during the second quarter of 2015. However, redemptions and terminations increased sequentially from $2.4 billion to $9.3 billion.

Retail AUM decreased $1.3 billion, or 0.8%, to $163.0 billion during the second quarter of 2015, due to net outflows of $0.9 billion and market depreciation of $0.4 billion. Gross sales decreased 15.5% sequentially from $10.8 billion during the first quarter of 2015 to $9.1 billion during the second quarter of 2015. In addition, redemptions and terminations increased 6.4% sequentially from $9.0 billion to $9.7 billion.

Private Wealth Management AUM was flat compared to the first quarter of 2015. Gross sales increased 5.7% sequentially from $1.4 billion during the first quarter of 2015 to $1.5 billion during the second quarter of 2015. In addition, redemptions and terminations decreased 32.8% sequentially from $0.7 billion to $0.4 billion.

Bernstein Research Services revenue for the second quarter of 2015 was $121.9 million, up $2.9 million, or 2.5%, compared to the second quarter of 2014, as a result of growth in the U.S. and Asia, partially offset by a decrease in Europe.

Net revenues for the second quarter of 2015 increased $39.1 million, or 5.2%, to $792.7 million from $753.6 million in the second quarter of 2014. The most significant contributors to the increase were higher base fees of $28.8 million, higher investment gains of $11.2 million and higher Bernstein Research Services revenue of $2.9 million, offset by lower performance-based fees of $5.2 million. Operating expenses for the second quarter increased $17.6 million, or 2.9%, to $627.8 million from $610.2 million in the second quarter of 2014. The increase was primarily due to higher employee compensation and benefits of $10.2 million, higher promotion and servicing of $4.2 million and higher general and administrative expenses of $2.6 million. Our operating income increased $21.5 million, or 15.0%, to $164.9 million from $143.4 million and our operating margin increased to 20.0% (24.1% on an adjusted basis) in the second quarter of 2015 from 19.0% (23.0% on an adjusted basis) in the second quarter of 2014.






23

Assets Under Management

Assets under management by distribution channel are as follows:

 
As of June 30,
 
 
 
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(in billions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Institutions
$
244.2

 
$
240.3

 
$
3.9

 
1.6
%
Retail
163.0

 
165.4

 
(2.4
)
 
(1.4
)
Private Wealth Management
77.9

 
74.5

 
3.4

 
4.7

Total
$
485.1

 
$
480.2

 
$
4.9

 
1.0


Assets under management by investment service are as follows:

 
As of June 30,
 
 
 
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(in billions)
 
 
Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Actively Managed
$
115.4

 
$
115.8

 
$
(0.4
)
 
(0.3
)%
Passively Managed(1)
50.3

 
50.4

 
(0.1
)
 
(0.2
)
Total Equity
165.7

 
166.2

 
(0.5
)
 
(0.3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed Income
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Actively Managed
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Taxable
215.1

 
226.2

 
(11.1
)
 
(4.9
)
Tax–exempt
32.5

 
30.4

 
2.1

 
6.6

 
247.6

 
256.6

 
(9.0
)
 
(3.5
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Passively Managed(1)
10.0

 
9.8

 
0.2

 
2.1

Total Fixed Income
257.6

 
266.4

 
(8.8
)
 
(3.3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other(2)
61.8

 
47.6

 
14.2

 
29.8

Total
$
485.1

 
$
480.2

 
$
4.9

 
1.0

 
(1)Includes index and enhanced index services.
(2)Includes multi-asset solutions and services and certain alternative investments.

















24

Changes in assets under management for the three-month, six-month and twelve-month periods ended June 30, 2015 are as follows:

 
Distribution Channel
 
Institutions
 
Retail
 
Private
Wealth Management
 
Total
 
(in billions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of March 31, 2015
$
243.7

 
$
164.3

 
$
77.9

 
$
485.9

Long-term flows:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Sales/new accounts
14.2

 
9.1

 
1.5

 
24.8

Redemptions/terminations
(9.3
)
 
(9.7
)
 
(0.4
)
 
(19.4
)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends
(1.4
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(1.5
)
 
(3.2
)
Net long-term inflows (outflows)
3.5

 
(0.9
)
 
(0.4
)
 
2.2

AUM adjustment(3)
—

 
—

 
0.2

 
0.2

Market (depreciation) appreciation
(3.0
)
 
(0.4
)
 
0.2

 
(3.2
)
Net change
0.5

 
(1.3
)
 
—

 
(0.8
)
Balance as of June 30, 2015
$
244.2

 
$
163.0

 
$
77.9

 
$
485.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2014
$
237.0

 
$
161.5

 
$
75.5

 
$
474.0

Long-term flows:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Sales/new accounts
21.5

 
19.9

 
2.9

 
44.3

Redemptions/terminations
(11.7
)
 
(18.7
)
 
(1.1
)
 
(31.5
)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends
(1.0
)
 
(1.6
)
 
(2.0
)
 
(4.6
)
Net long-term inflows (outflows)
8.8

 
(0.4
)
 
(0.2
)
 
8.2

AUM adjustment(3)
—

 
—

 
0.2

 
0.2

Transfers
(0.3
)
 
(0.1
)
 
0.4

 
—

Market (depreciation) appreciation
(1.3
)
 
2.0

 
2.0

 
2.7

Net change
7.2

 
1.5

 
2.4

 
11.1

Balance as of June 30, 2015
$
244.2

 
$
163.0

 
$
77.9

 
$
485.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of June 30, 2014
$
240.3

 
$
165.4

 
$
74.5

 
$
480.2

Long-term flows:
 

 
 

 
 

 


Sales/new accounts
32.1

 
40.6

 
5.6

 
78.3

Redemptions/terminations
(16.9
)
 
(37.3
)
 
(3.0
)
 
(57.2
)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends
(3.9
)
 
(5.1
)
 
(2.7
)
 
(11.7
)
Net long-term inflows (outflows)
11.3

 
(1.8
)
 
(0.1
)
 
9.4

AUM adjustments(3)
(1.1
)
 
(0.5
)
 
0.2

 
(1.4
)
Transfers
—

 
(0.4
)
 
0.4

 
—

Market (depreciation) appreciation
(6.3
)
 
0.3

 
2.9

 
(3.1
)
Net change
3.9

 
(2.4
)
 
3.4

 
4.9

Balance as of June 30, 2015
$
244.2

 
$
163.0

 
$
77.9

 
$
485.1

 
(1)Includes index and enhanced index services.
(2)Includes multi-asset solutions and services and certain alternative investments.
(3)
Excludes Institutional assets for which we provide administrative services but not investment management services and seed capital invested in Retail funds for which we do not charge an investment management fee on AUM. Includes Private Wealth assets that were previously netted by margin loans within an actively managed account.


25


 
Investment Service
 
Equity
Actively
Managed
 
Equity
Passively
Managed(1)
 
Fixed
Income
Actively
Managed -
Taxable
 
Fixed
Income
Actively
Managed -
Tax-
Exempt
 
Fixed
Income
Passively
Managed(1)
 
Other(2)
 
Total
 
(in billions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of March 31, 2015
$
115.4

 
$
50.9

 
$
225.5

 
$
32.6

 
$
9.8

 
$
51.7

 
$
485.9

Long-term flows:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Sales/new accounts
4.0

 
0.1

 
8.7

 
1.2

 
0.1

 
10.7

 
24.8

Redemptions/terminations
(3.4
)
 
—

 
(14.5
)
 
(0.8
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(19.4
)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends
(2.1
)
 
(0.5
)
 
(0.7
)
 
(0.4
)
 
0.3

 
0.2

 
(3.2
)
Net long-term (outflows) inflows
(1.5
)
 
(0.4
)
 
(6.5
)
 
—

 
0.3

 
10.3

 
2.2

AUM adjustment(3)
0.1

 
—

 
—

 
0.1

 
—

 
—

 
0.2

Market appreciation (depreciation)
1.4

 
(0.2
)
 
(3.9
)
 
(0.2
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.2
)
 
(3.2
)
Net change
—

 
(0.6
)
 
(10.4
)
 
(0.1
)
 
0.2

 
10.1

 
(0.8
)
Balance as of June 30, 2015
$
115.4

 
$
50.3

 
$
215.1

 
$
32.5

 
$
10.0

 
$
61.8

 
$
485.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2014
$
112.5

 
$
50.4

 
$
219.4

 
$
31.6

 
$
10.1

 
$
50.0

 
$
474.0

Long-term flows:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Sales/new accounts
8.1

 
0.3

 
21.4

 
2.7

 
0.2

 
11.6

 
44.3

Redemptions/terminations
(7.3
)
 
(0.2
)
 
(21.0
)
 
(1.5
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(1.2
)
 
(31.5
)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends
(3.5
)
 
(0.8
)
 
(0.5
)
 
(0.5
)
 
0.1

 
0.6

 
(4.6
)
Net long-term (outflows) inflows
(2.7
)
 
(0.7
)
 
(0.1
)
 
0.7

 
—

 
11.0

 
8.2

AUM adjustment(3)
0.1

 
—

 
—

 
0.1

 
—

 
—

 
0.2

Market appreciation (depreciation)
5.5

 
0.6

 
(4.2
)
 
0.1

 
(0.1
)
 
0.8

 
2.7

Net change
2.9

 
(0.1
)
 
(4.3
)
 
0.9

 
(0.1
)
 
11.8

 
11.1

Balance as of June 30, 2015
$
115.4

 
$
50.3

 
$
215.1

 
$
32.5

 
$
10.0

 
$
61.8

 
$
485.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

26

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment Service
 
Equity
Actively
Managed
 
Equity
Passively
Managed(1)
 
Fixed
Income
Actively
Managed -
Taxable
 
Fixed
Income
Actively
Managed -
Tax-
Exempt
 
Fixed
Income
Passively
Managed(1)
 
Other(2)
 
Total
 
(in billions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of June 30, 2014
$
115.8

 
$
50.4

 
$
226.2

 
$
30.4

 
$
9.8

 
$
47.6

 
$
480.2

Long-term flows:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Sales/new accounts
15.4

 
0.7

 
41.7

 
4.9

 
0.6

 
15.0

 
78.3

Redemptions/terminations
(14.9
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(36.0
)
 
(2.9
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(2.5
)
 
(57.2
)
Cash flow/unreinvested dividends
(6.8
)
 
(1.8
)
 
(4.3
)
 
(0.6
)
 
0.5

 
1.3

 
(11.7
)
Net long-term (outflows) inflows
(6.3
)
 
(1.4
)
 
1.4

 
1.4

 
0.5

 
13.8

 
9.4

AUM adjustments(3)
—

 
—

 
(1.4
)
 
0.1

 
—

 
(0.1
)
 
(1.4
)
Market appreciation (depreciation)
5.9

 
1.3

 
(11.1
)
 
0.6

 
(0.3
)
 
0.5

 
(3.1
)
Net change
(0.4
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(11.1
)
 
2.1

 
0.2

 
14.2

 
4.9

Balance as of June 30, 2015
$
115.4

 
$
50.3

 
$
215.1

 
$
32.5

 
$
10.0

 
$
61.8

 
$
485.1

 
(1)Includes index and enhanced index services.
(2)Includes multi-asset solutions and services and certain alternative investments.
(3)
Excludes Institutional assets for which we provide administrative services but not investment management services and seed capital invested in Retail funds for which we do not charge an investment management fee on AUM. Includes Private Wealth assets that were previously netted by margin loans within an actively managed account.


27

Average assets under management by distribution channel and investment service are as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
6/30/2015
 
6/30/2014
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
6/30/2015
 
6/30/2014
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(in billions)
 
 
 
(in billions)
 
 
Distribution Channel:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Institutions
$
249.9

 
$
232.0

 
$
17.9

 
7.7
%
 
$
246.0

 
$
230.1

 
$
15.9

 
6.9
%
Retail
164.5

 
158.8

 
5.7

 
3.6

 
163.6

 
156.1

 
7.5

 
4.8

Private Wealth Management
78.2

 
73.4

 
4.8

 
6.5

 
77.4

 
72.5

 
4.9

 
6.8

Total
$
492.6

 
$
464.2

 
$
28.4

 
6.1

 
$
487.0

 
$
458.7

 
$
28.3

 
6.2

Investment Service:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity Actively Managed
$
116.3

 
$
110.7

 
$
5.6

 
5.0
%
 
$
115.0

 
$
109.1

 
$
5.9

 
5.4
%
Equity Passively Managed(1)
51.0

 
49.4

 
1.6

 
3.3

 
50.8

 
48.9

 
1.9

 
3.9

Fixed Income Actively Managed – Taxable
223.3

 
218.7

 
4.6

 
2.1

 
223.2

 
216.1

 
7.1

 
3.3

Fixed Income Actively Managed – Tax-exempt
32.5

 
30.2

 
2.3

 
7.6

 
32.4

 
29.9

 
2.5

 
8.4

Fixed Income Passively Managed(1)
9.9

 
9.5

 
0.4

 
4.6

 
10.0

 
9.5

 
0.5

 
5.3

Other (2)
59.6

 
45.7

 
13.9

 
30.5

 
55.6

 
45.2

 
10.4

 
22.9

Total
$
492.6

 
$
464.2

 
$
28.4

 
6.1

 
$
487.0

 
$
458.7

 
$
28.3

 
6.2

 
(1)Includes index and enhanced index services.
(2)Includes multi-asset solutions and services and certain alternative investments.

Our Institutional channel second quarter average AUM of $249.9 billion increased $17.9 billion, or 7.7%, compared to the second quarter of 2014, primarily due to our Institutional AUM increasing $3.9 billion, or 1.6%, over the last twelve months to $244.2 billion at June 30, 2015. The relatively large increase in year-to-year average AUM of $17.9 billion compared to the increase in AUM of $3.9 billion during the last twelve months is primarily due to significant outflows ($8.8 billion) during June 2015. The $3.9 billion increase in AUM over the last twelve months primarily resulted from $11.3 billion of net inflows (consisting of inflows of $12.4 billion in other services and $2.6 billion in fixed income services, offset by outflows of $3.7 billion in equity services), offset by market depreciation of $6.3 billion.

Our Retail channel second quarter average AUM of $164.5 billion increased $5.7 billion, or 3.6%, compared to the second quarter of 2014; however, our Retail AUM decreased $2.4 billion, or 1.4%, over the last twelve months to $163.0 billion at June 30, 2015. The $2.4 billion decrease in AUM over the last twelve months primarily resulted from $1.8 billion in net outflows. June 2014 average AUM was significantly lower than our June 2014 AUM because of new assets we added from an acquisition in late June 2014 and significant market appreciation in June 2014.

Our Private Wealth Management channel second quarter average AUM of $78.2 billion increased $4.8 billion, or 6.5%, compared to the second quarter of 2014, primarily due to our Private Wealth Management AUM increasing $3.4 billion, or 4.7%, over the last twelve months to $77.9 billion. The $3.4 billion increase in AUM over the last twelve months primarily resulted from $2.9 billion in market appreciation.









28

Absolute investment composite returns, gross of fees, and relative performance as of June 30, 2015 compared to benchmarks for certain representative Institutional equity and fixed income services are as follows:

 
1-Year
 
3-Year
 
5-Year
Global High Income (fixed income)
 
 
 
 
 
Absolute return
(0.5
)%
 
7.6
%
 
9.0
%
Relative return (vs. Barclays Global High Yield Index)
3.4

 
0.9

 
0.4

Global Fixed Income (fixed income)
 
 
 
 
 
Absolute return
(8.8
)
 
(2.4
)
 
2.5

Relative return (vs. CITI WLD GV BD-USD/JPM GLBL BD)
0.2

 
0.1

 
1.4

Intermediate Municipal Bonds (fixed income)
 
 
 
 
 
Absolute return
2.0

 
2.0

 
3.2

Relative return (vs. Lipper Short/Int. Blended Muni Fund Avg)
1.1

 
0.5

 
0.7

U.S. Strategic Core Plus (fixed income)
 
 
 
 
 
Absolute return
2.4

 
2.9

 
4.4

Relative return (vs. Barclays U.S. Aggregate Index)
0.6

 
1.1

 
1.1

Emerging Market Debt (fixed income)
 
 
 
 
 
Absolute return
(2.5
)
 
3.8

 
7.0

Relative return (vs. JPM EMBI Global/JPM EMBI)
(0.9
)
 
0.3

 
0.5

Global Plus (fixed income)
 
 
 
 
 
Absolute return
(6.8
)
 
(0.7
)
 
2.7

Relative return (vs. Barclays Global Aggregate Index)
0.3

 
0.1

 
0.6

Emerging Markets Value
 
 
 
 
 
Absolute return
(2.9
)
 
4.1

 
2.9

Relative return (vs. MSCI EM Index)
2.2

 
0.4

 
(0.8
)
Global Strategic Value
 
 
 
 
 
Absolute return
5.2

 
20.0

 
13.1

Relative return (vs. MSCI ACWI Index)
4.5

 
7.0

 
1.2

U.S. Small & Mid Cap Value
 
 
 
 
 
Absolute return
3.6

 
20.5

 
17.6

Relative return (vs. Russell 2500 Value Index)
2.6

 
3.5

 
1.4

U.S. Strategic Value
 
 
 
 
 
Absolute return
6.4

 
20.8

 
16.1

Relative return (vs. Russell 1000 Value Index)
2.2

 
3.4

 
(0.4
)
Growth & Income
 
 
 
 
 
Absolute return
6.2

 
17.6

 
18.6

Relative return (vs. Russell 1000 Value Index)
2.0

 
0.3

 
2.1

U.S. Small Cap Growth
 
 
 
 
 
Absolute return
7.8

 
18.8

 
22.4

Relative return (vs. Russell 2000 Growth Index)
(4.6
)
 
(1.3
)
 
3.1

U.S. Large Cap Growth
 
 
 
 
 
Absolute return
18.7

 
22.5

 
20.1

Relative return (vs. Russell 1000 Growth Index)
8.1

 
4.5

 
1.5

U.S. Small & Mid Cap Growth
 
 
 
 
 
Absolute return
10.7

 
19.1

 
22.3

Relative return (vs. Russell 2500 Growth  Index)
(0.6
)
 
(1.2
)
 
2.7

Select U.S. Equity
 
 
 
 
 
Absolute return
9.6

 
18.3

 
19.2

Relative return (vs. S&P 500 Index)
2.2

 
1.0

 
1.9

Strategic Equities (inception June 30, 2012)
 
 
 
 
 
Absolute return
12.4

 
18.7

 
N/A

Relative return (vs. S&P 500 Index)
5.0

 
1.3

 
N/A








29

Consolidated Results of Operations

 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
6/30/2015
 
6/30/2014
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
6/30/2015
 
6/30/2014
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
 
 
 
(in thousands, except per unit amounts)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net revenues
$
792,737

 
$
753,648

 
$
39,089

 
5.2
%
 
$
1,555,308

 
$
1,468,266

 
$
87,042

 
5.9
%
Expenses
627,815

 
610,208

 
17,607

 
2.9

 
1,237,172

 
1,194,923

 
42,249

 
3.5

Operating income
164,922

 
143,440

 
21,482

 
15.0

 
318,136

 
273,343

 
44,793

 
16.4

Income taxes
9,153

 
7,008

 
2,145

 
30.6

 
19,623

 
18,373

 
1,250

 
6.8

Net income
155,769

 
136,432

 
19,337

 
14.2

 
298,513

 
254,970

 
43,543

 
17.1

Net income (loss) of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests
6,675

 
(3
)
 
6,678

 
n/m

 
7,950

 
1,810

 
6,140

 
339.2

Net income attributable to AB Unitholders
$
149,094

 
$
136,435

 
$
12,659

 
9.3

 
$
290,563

 
$
253,160

 
37,403

 
14.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted net income per AB Unit
$
0.54

 
$
0.50

 
$
0.04

 
8.0

 
$
1.05

 
$
0.93

 
$
0.12

 
12.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distributions per AB Unit
$
0.54

 
$
0.50

 
$
0.04

 
8.0

 
$
1.05

 
$
0.94

 
$
0.11

 
11.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating margin (1)
20.0
%
 
19.0
%
 
 

 
 

 
19.9
%
 
18.5
%
 
 

 
 
 
(1)Operating income excluding net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests as a percentage of net revenues.

Net income attributable to AB Unitholders for the three months ended June 30, 2015 increased $12.7 million, or 9.3%, from the three months ended June 30, 2014. The increase was due to (in millions):

Higher base advisory fees
$
28.8

Higher investment gains
11.2

Higher Bernstein Research Services revenue
2.9

Higher employee compensation and benefits expenses
(10.2
)
Higher net income of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests
(6.7
)
Lower performance fees
(5.2
)
Higher promotion and services expenses
(4.2
)
Higher general and administrative expenses
(2.6
)
Higher income tax expense
(2.1
)
Other
0.8

 
$
12.7









30



Net income attributable to AB Unitholders for the six months ended June 30, 2015 increased $37.4 million, or 14.8%, from the six months ended June 30, 2014. The increase was due to (in millions):

Higher base advisory fees
$
66.6

Higher investments gains
14.5

Higher Bernstein Research Services revenue
6.0

Higher distribution revenues
4.5

Higher employee compensation and benefits expenses
(29.5
)
Higher promotion and servicing expenses
(11.3
)
Higher net income of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests
(6.1
)
Lower performance fees
(3.9
)
Higher income tax expense
(1.2
)
Other
(2.2
)
 
$
37.4


Real Estate Charges

During 2010, we performed a comprehensive review of our real estate requirements in New York in connection with our workforce reductions, which commenced in 2008. As a result, during 2010 we decided to sub-lease over 380,000 square feet in New York (all of this space has been sublet) and consolidate our New York-based employees into two office locations from three. During the third quarter of 2012, in an effort to further reduce our global real estate footprint, we completed a comprehensive review of our worldwide office locations and began implementing a global space consolidation plan. As a result, our intention is to sub-lease approximately 510,000 square feet of office space (in excess of 90% of this space has been sublet), more than 70% of which is New York office space (in addition to the 380,000 square foot space reduction in 2010), with the remainder consisting of office space in England, Australia and various U.S. locations.

During the first six months of 2015, we recorded pre-tax real estate credits of $0.5 million, resulting from a change in estimates related to previously recorded real estate charges.

Units Outstanding

Each quarter, we implement plans to repurchase AB Holding Units pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). A Rule 10b5-1 plan allows a company to repurchase its shares at times when it otherwise might be prevented from doing so because of self-imposed trading blackout periods or because it possesses material non-public information. Each broker we select has the authority under the terms and limitations specified in the plan to repurchase AB Holding Units on our behalf in accordance with the terms of the plan. Repurchases are subject to regulations promulgated by the SEC as well as certain price, market volume and timing constraints specified in the plan. The plan adopted during the second quarter of 2015 expired at the close of business on July 29, 2015. We may adopt additional Rule 10b5-1 plans in the future to engage in open-market purchases of AB Holding Units to help fund anticipated obligations under our incentive compensation award program and for other corporate purposes.
 
Cash Distributions

AB is required to distribute all of its Available Cash Flow, as defined in the AB Partnership Agreement, to its Unitholders and to the General Partner. Available Cash Flow typically is the adjusted diluted net income per unit for the quarter multiplied by the number of general and limited partnership interests at the end of the quarter. In future periods, management anticipates that Available Cash Flow will continue to be based on adjusted diluted net income per unit, unless management determines that one or more non-GAAP adjustments that are made for adjusted net income should not be made with respect to the Available Cash Flow calculation. See Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1 for a description of Available Cash Flow.

31

Management Operating Metrics

We are providing the non-GAAP measures “adjusted net revenues”, “adjusted operating income” and “adjusted operating margin” because they are the principal operating metrics management uses in evaluating and comparing period-to-period operating performance. Management principally uses these metrics in evaluating performance because they present a clearer picture of our operating performance, and allow management to see long-term trends without the distortion primarily caused by long-term incentive compensation-related mark-to-market adjustments, real estate consolidation charges and other adjustment items. Similarly, we believe that these management operating metrics help investors better understand the underlying trends in our results and, accordingly, provide a valuable perspective for investors.

These non-GAAP measures are provided in addition to, and not as substitutes for, net revenues, operating income and operating margin, and they may not be comparable to non-GAAP measures presented by other companies. Management uses both accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and non-GAAP measures in evaluating our financial performance. The non-GAAP measures alone may pose limitations because they do not include all of our revenues and expenses.

 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net revenues, US GAAP basis
$
792,737

 
$
753,648

 
$
1,555,308

 
$
1,468,266

Exclude:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Long-term incentive compensation-related investment (gains)
(362
)
 
(3,415
)
 
(2,788
)
 
(4,712
)
Long-term incentive compensation-related dividends and interest
(135
)
 
(154
)
 
(286
)
 
(333
)
90% of consolidated venture capital fund investment losses (gains)
(7,014
)
 
(136
)
 
(8,387
)
 
(2,142
)
Distribution-related payments
(102,578
)
 
(101,968
)
 
(202,964
)
 
(200,610
)
Amortization of deferred sales commissions
(12,713
)
 
(9,326
)
 
(25,112
)
 
(18,283
)
Pass-through fees and expenses
(12,575
)
 
(9,516
)
 
(24,416
)
 
(17,961
)
Adjusted net revenues
$
657,360

 
$
629,133

 
$
1,291,355

 
$
1,224,225

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income, US GAAP basis
$
164,922

 
$
143,440

 
$
318,136

 
$
273,343

Exclude:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Long-term incentive compensation-related items
85

 
94

 
143

 
183

Real estate (credits) charges
(80
)
 
(505
)
 
(463
)
 
1,437

Acquisition-related expenses
—

 
1,457

 
(1
)
 
2,316

Sub-total of non-GAAP adjustments
5

 
1,046

 
(321
)
 
3,936

Less: Net income (loss) of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests
6,675

 
(3
)
 
7,950

 
1,810

Adjusted operating income
$
158,252

 
$
144,489

 
$
309,865

 
$
275,469

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted operating margin
24.1
%
 
23.0
%
 
24.0
%
 
22.5
%

Adjusted operating income for the three months ended June 30, 2015 increased $13.8 million, or 9.5%, from the three months ended June 30, 2014, primarily as a result of higher investment advisory base fees of $25.3 million and higher investment gains of $7.3 million, offset by higher employee compensation expense (excluding the impact of long-term incentive compensation-related items) of $14.7 million and lower performance-based fees of $5.2 million. Adjusted operating income for the six months ended June 30, 2015 increased $34.4 million, or 12.5%, from the six months ended June 30, 2014, primarily as a result of higher investment advisory base fees of $60.6 million and higher investment gains of $10.2 million, offset by higher employee compensation expense (excluding the impact of long-term incentive compensation-related items) of $33.5 million and lower performance-based fees of $3.9 million.


32

Adjusted Net Revenues

Adjusted net revenues exclude investment gains and losses and dividends and interest on employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments, and 90% of the investment gains and losses of our consolidated venture capital fund attributable to non-controlling interests. In addition, adjusted net revenues offset distribution-related payments to third parties as well as amortization of deferred sales commissions against distribution revenues. We believe offsetting net revenues by distribution-related payments is useful for our investors and other users of our financial statements because such presentation appropriately reflects the nature of these costs as pass-through payments to third parties who perform functions on behalf of our sponsored mutual funds and/or shareholders of these funds. We offset amortization of deferred sales commissions against net revenues because such costs, over time, essentially offset our distribution revenues. We also exclude additional pass-through expenses we incur (primarily through our transfer agency) that are reimbursed and recorded as fees in revenues. During the third quarter of 2014, we reclassified certain other promotion and servicing expenses into distribution-related payments and identified additional pass-through expenses that were excluded from adjusted net revenues. As a result, we revised prior periods’ adjusted net revenues to conform to the current period’s presentation. These fees have no impact on operating income, but they do have an impact on our operating margin. As such, we exclude these fees from adjusted net revenues.

Adjusted Operating Income

Adjusted operating income represents operating income on a US GAAP basis excluding (1) the impact on net revenues and compensation expense of the investment gains and losses (as well as the dividends and interest) associated with employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments, (2) real estate charges (credits), (3) acquisition-related expenses and (4) the net income or loss of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests.

Prior to 2009, a significant proportion of employee compensation was in the form of employee long-term incentive compensation awards that were notionally invested in AB investment services and generally vested over a period of four years. AB economically hedged the exposure to market movements by purchasing and holding these investments on its balance sheet. All such investments had vested as of year-end 2012 and the investments have been distributed to the participants, except for those investments with respect to which the participant elected a long-term deferral. Fluctuation in the value of these investments is recorded within investment gains and losses on the income statement and also impacts compensation expense. Management believes it is useful to reflect the offset achieved from economically hedging the market exposure of these investments in the calculation of adjusted operating income and adjusted operating margin. The non-GAAP measures exclude gains and losses and dividends and interest on employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments included in revenues and compensation expense.

Real estate charges (credits) have been excluded because they are not considered part of our core operating results when comparing financial results from period to period and to industry peers.

Acquisition-related expenses, primarily severance and professional fees incurred as a result of acquisitions in the fourth quarter of 2013 and the second quarter of 2014, have been excluded because they are not considered part of our core operating results when comparing results from period to period and to industry peers.

Most of the net income or loss of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests relates to the 90% limited partner interests held by third parties in our consolidated venture capital fund. We own a 10% limited partner interest in the fund. Because we are the general partner of the venture capital fund and are deemed to have a controlling interest, US GAAP requires us to consolidate the financial results of the fund. However, recognizing 100% of the gains or losses in operating income while only retaining 10% is not reflective of our underlying financial results at the operating income level. As a result, we exclude the 90% limited partner interests we do not own from our adjusted operating income. Similarly, net income of joint ventures attributable to non-controlling interests, although not significant, is excluded because it does not reflect the economic interest attributable to AB.

Adjusted Operating Margin

Adjusted operating margin allows us to monitor our financial performance and efficiency from period to period without the volatility noted above in our discussion of adjusted operating income and to compare our performance to industry peers on a basis that better reflects our performance in our core business. Adjusted operating margin is derived by dividing adjusted operating income by adjusted net revenues.


33

Net Revenues

The components of net revenues are as follows:

 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
6/30/2015
 
6/30/2014
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
6/30/2015
 
6/30/2014
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Investment advisory and services fees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Institutions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Base fees
$
109,410

 
$
102,249

 
$
7,161

 
7.0
 %
 
$
216,206

 
$
201,663

 
$
14,543

 
7.2
 %
Performance-based fees
6,334

 
3,048

 
3,286

 
107.8

 
9,026

 
4,916

 
4,110

 
83.6

 
115,744

 
105,297

 
10,447

 
9.9

 
225,232

 
206,579

 
18,653

 
9.0

Retail:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Base fees
220,068

 
209,100

 
10,968

 
5.2

 
433,962

 
405,930

 
28,032

 
6.9

Performance-based fees
7,696

 
10,653

 
(2,957
)
 
(27.8
)
 
9,050

 
11,321

 
(2,271
)
 
(20.1
)
 
227,764

 
219,753

 
8,011

 
3.6

 
443,012

 
417,251

 
25,761

 
6.2

Private Wealth Management:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Base fees
172,189

 
161,494

 
10,695

 
6.6

 
341,335

 
317,290

 
24,045

 
7.6

Performance-based fees
227

 
5,804

 
(5,577
)
 
(96.1
)
 
333

 
6,112

 
(5,779
)
 
(94.6
)
 
172,416

 
167,298

 
5,118

 
3.1

 
341,668

 
323,402

 
18,266

 
5.6

Total:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Base fees
501,667

 
472,843

 
28,824

 
6.1

 
991,503

 
924,883

 
66,620

 
7.2

Performance-based fees
14,257

 
19,505

 
(5,248
)
 
(26.9
)
 
18,409

 
22,349

 
(3,940
)
 
(17.6
)
 
515,924

 
492,348

 
23,576

 
4.8

 
1,009,912

 
947,232

 
62,680

 
6.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bernstein Research Services
121,910

 
118,973

 
2,937

 
2.5

 
247,956

 
241,982

 
5,974

 
2.5

Distribution revenues
111,850

 
110,342

 
1,508

 
1.4

 
221,034

 
216,528

 
4,506

 
2.1

Dividend and interest income
5,667

 
4,678

 
989

 
21.1

 
10,761

 
8,779

 
1,982

 
22.6

Investment gains (losses)
11,993

 
828

 
11,165

 
1,348.4

 
15,881

 
1,387

 
14,494

 
1,045.0

Other revenues
26,023

 
27,093

 
(1,070
)
 
(3.9
)
 
51,013

 
53,773

 
(2,760
)
 
(5.1
)
Total revenues
793,367

 
754,262

 
39,105

 
5.2

 
1,556,557

 
1,469,681

 
86,876

 
5.9

Less: Interest expense
630

 
614

 
16

 
2.6

 
1,249

 
1,415

 
(166
)
 
(11.7
)
Net revenues
$
792,737

 
$
753,648

 
$
39,089

 
5.2

 
$
1,555,308

 
$
1,468,266

 
$
87,042

 
5.9


Investment Advisory and Services Fees

Investment advisory and services fees are the largest component of our revenues. These fees generally are calculated as a percentage of the value of AUM as of a specified date, or as a percentage of the value of average AUM for the applicable billing period, and vary with the type of investment service, the size of account and the total amount of assets we manage for a particular client. Accordingly, fee income generally increases or decreases as AUM increase or decrease and is affected by market appreciation or depreciation, the addition of new client accounts or client contributions of additional assets to existing accounts, withdrawals of assets from and termination of client accounts, purchases and redemptions of mutual fund shares, shifts of assets between accounts or products with different fee structures, and acquisitions. Our average basis points realized (investment advisory and services fees divided by average AUM) generally approximate 50 to 70 basis points for actively managed equity services, 15 to 50 basis

34

points for actively managed fixed income services and 5 to 20 basis points for passively managed services. Average basis points realized for other services could range from 5 basis points for certain Institutional asset allocation services to over 100 basis points for certain Retail and Private Wealth Management alternative services.

We calculate AUM using established market-based valuation methods and fair valuation (non-observable market) methods. Market-based valuation methods include:  last sale/settle prices from an exchange for actively-traded listed equities, options and futures; evaluated bid prices from recognized pricing vendors for fixed income, asset-backed or mortgage-backed issues; mid prices from recognized pricing vendors and brokers for credit default swaps; and quoted bids or spreads from pricing vendors and brokers for other derivative products.  Fair valuation methods include: discounted cash flow models, evaluation of assets versus liabilities or any other methodology that is validated and approved by our Valuation Committee (see paragraph immediately below for more information regarding our Valuation Committee). Fair valuation methods are used only where AUM cannot be valued using market-based valuation methods, such as in the case of private equity or illiquid securities. Investments utilizing fair valuation methods comprise an insignificant amount of our total AUM.

The Valuation Committee, which is composed of senior officers and employees, is responsible for overseeing the pricing and valuation of all investments held in client and AB portfolios. The Valuation Committee has adopted a Statement of Pricing Policies describing principles and policies that apply to pricing and valuing investments held in these portfolios. We also have a Pricing Group, which reports to the Valuation Committee, and is responsible for overseeing the pricing process for all investments.
 
We sometimes charge our clients performance-based fees. In these situations, we charge a base advisory fee and are eligible to earn an additional performance-based fee or incentive allocation that is calculated as either a percentage of absolute investment results or a percentage of investment results in excess of a stated benchmark over a specified period of time. Some performance-based fees include a high-watermark provision, which generally provides that if a client account underperforms relative to its performance target (whether absolute or relative to a specified benchmark), it must gain back such underperformance before we can collect future performance-based fees. Therefore, if we fail to achieve our performance target for a particular period, we will not earn a performance-based fee for that period and, for accounts with a high-watermark provision, our ability to earn future performance-based fees will be impaired. We are eligible to earn performance-based fees on approximately 10% of the assets we manage for institutional clients and approximately 4% of the assets we manage for private wealth clients (in total, approximately 6% of our AUM).

For the three months ended June 30, 2015, our investment advisory and services fees increased by $23.6 million, or 4.8%, from the three months ended June 30, 2014, primarily due to a $28.8 million, or 6.1%, increase in base fees, which primarily resulted from a 6.1% increase in average AUM. For the six months ended June 30, 2015, our investment advisory and service fees increased by $62.7 million, or 6.6%, from the six months ended June 30, 2014, primarily due to a $66.6 million, or 7.2%, increase in base fees, which primarily resulted from a 6.2% increase in average AUM.

Institutional investment advisory and services fees for the three months ended June 30, 2015 increased by $10.4 million, or 9.9%, from the three months ended June 30, 2014, primarily due to a $7.1 million, or 7.0%, increase in base fees, which primarily resulted from a 7.7% increase in average AUM. Additionally, our performance-based fees increased $3.3 million compared to the second quarter of 2014. Institutional investment advisory and services fees for the six months ended June 30, 2015 increased by $18.7 million, or 9.0%, from the six months ended June 30, 2014, primarily due to a $14.6 million, or 7.2%, increase in base fees, which primarily resulted from a 6.9% increase in average AUM. Additionally, our performance-based fees increased $4.1 million compared to the six months ended June 30, 2014.

Retail investment advisory and services fees for the three months ended June 30, 2015 increased by $8.0 million, or 3.6%, from the three months ended June 30, 2014, primarily due to a $11.0 million, or 5.2%, increase in base fees, which primarily resulted from a 3.6% increase in average AUM. The increase in base fees was partially offset by a $3.0 million decrease in performance-based fees. Retail investment advisory and services fees for the six months ended June 30, 2015 increased by $25.8 million, or 6.2%, from the six months ended June 30, 2014, primarily due to a $28.0 million, or 6.9%, increase in base fees, which primarily resulted from a 4.8% increase in average AUM. The increase in base fees was partially offset by a $2.2 million decrease in performance-based fees.

Private Wealth Management investment advisory and services fees for the three months ended June 30, 2015 increased by $5.1 million, or 3.1%, from the three months ended June 30, 2014, primarily as a result of a $10.7 million, or 6.6%, increase in base fees, which primarily resulted from an increase in average billable AUM of 6.7%. The increase in base fees was partially offset by a $5.6 million decrease in performance-based fees. Private Wealth Management investment advisory and services fees for the six months ended June 30, 2015 increased by $18.3 million, or 5.6%, from the six months ended June 30, 2014, primarily as a result of a $24.1 million, or 7.6%, increase in base fees, which primarily resulted from an increase in average billable AUM of 6.4%. The increase in base fees was partially offset by a $5.8 million decrease in performance-based fees.

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Bernstein Research Services

Bernstein Research Services revenue consists principally of equity commissions received for providing equity research and brokerage-related services to institutional investors.

Revenues from Bernstein Research Services for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 increased $2.9 million, or 2.5% and $6.0 million, or 2.5%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2014. The increases were the result of growth in the U.S. and Asia, partially offset by a decrease in Europe.

Distribution Revenues

AllianceBernstein Investments and AllianceBernstein (Luxembourg) S.A. (one of our subsidiaries) act as distributors and/or placing agents of company-sponsored mutual funds and receive distribution services fees from certain of those funds as partial reimbursement of the distribution expenses they incur. Period-over-period fluctuations of distribution revenues typically are in line with fluctuations of the corresponding average AUM of these mutual funds.

Distribution revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 increased $1.5 million, or 1.4%, and $4.5 million, or 2.1%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2014, while the corresponding average AUM of these mutual funds increased 1.5% and 1.8%, respectively.

Dividend and Interest Income and Interest Expense

Dividend and interest income consists primarily of investment income and interest earned on customer margin balances and U.S. Treasury Bills. Interest expense principally reflects interest accrued on cash balances in customers’ brokerage accounts. Dividend and interest income, net of interest expense, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 increased $1.0 million, or 23.9%, and $2.1 million, or 29.2%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2014, primarily due to higher broker-dealer related activity.

Investment Gains (Losses)

Investment gains (losses) consist primarily of realized and unrealized investment gains or losses on: (i) employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments, (ii) investments owned by our consolidated venture capital fund, (iii) U.S. Treasury Bills, (iv) market-making in exchange-traded options and equities, (v) seed capital investments and (vi) derivatives. Investments gains (losses) also include realized gains or losses on the sale of seed capital investments classified as available-for-sale securities and equity in earnings of proprietary investments in limited partnership hedge funds that we sponsor and manage.

36


Investment gains (losses) are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands)
Long-term incentive compensation-related investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gains (losses)
$
342

 
$
(92
)
 
$
3,742

 
$
2,752

Unrealized gains (losses)
20

 
3,508

 
(954
)
 
1,961

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated private equity fund investments
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Realized gains (losses)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Non-public investments
7,177

 
—

 
1,983

 
—

Public investments
—

 
379

 
—

 
6,655

Unrealized gains (losses)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Non-public investments
(677
)
 
1,000

 
4,346

 
2,117

Public investments
1,292

 
(1,228
)
 
2,989

 
(6,392
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Seed capital investments
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Realized gains (losses)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Seed capital
7,066

 
4,678

 
12,480

 
10,113

Derivatives
(5,316
)
 
(13,717
)
 
(11,030
)
 
(18,498
)
Unrealized gains (losses)
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Seed capital
(4,057
)
 
8,144

 
(1,867
)
 
6,979

Derivatives
7,789

 
(228
)
 
7,449

 
(968
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brokerage-related investments
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Realized gains (losses)
(1,866
)
 
3,844

 
(3,390
)
 
(5,976
)
Unrealized gains (losses)
223

 
(5,460
)
 
133

 
2,644

 
$
11,993

 
$
828

 
$
15,881

 
$
1,387


Other Revenues

Other revenues consist of fees earned for transfer agency services provided to company-sponsored mutual funds, fees earned for administration and recordkeeping services provided to company-sponsored mutual funds and the general accounts of AXA and its subsidiaries, and other miscellaneous revenues. Other revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 decreased $1.1 million, or 3.9%, and $2.8 million, or 5.1%, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods in 2014, primarily due to lower shareholder servicing fees.

















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Expenses

The components of expenses are as follows:

 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
 
 
Six Month Ended
 
 
 
 
 
6/30/2015
 
6/30/2014
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
6/30/2015
 
6/30/2014
 
$ Change
 
% Change
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Employee compensation and benefits
$
337,640

 
$
327,472

 
$
10,168

 
3.1
 %
 
$
663,967

 
$
634,505

 
$
29,462

 
4.6
%
Promotion and servicing:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Distribution-related payments
102,578

 
101,968

 
610

 
0.6

 
202,964

 
200,610

 
2,354

 
1.2

Amortization of deferred sales commissions
12,713

 
9,326

 
3,387

 
36.3

 
25,112

 
18,283

 
6,829

 
37.4

Other
59,182

 
58,936

 
246

 
0.4

 
114,719

 
112,581

 
2,138

 
1.9

 
174,473

 
170,230

 
4,243

 
2.5

 
342,795

 
331,474

 
11,321

 
3.4

General and administrative:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
General and administrative
108,092

 
105,913

 
2,179

 
2.1

 
215,425

 
213,400

 
2,025

 
0.9

Real estate (credits) charges
(80
)
 
(505
)
 
425

 
84.2

 
(463
)
 
1,437

 
(1,900
)
 
n/m

 
108,012

 
105,408

 
2,604

 
2.5

 
214,962

 
214,837

 
125

 
0.1

Contingent payment arrangements
442

 
320

 
122

 
38.1

 
885

 
641

 
244

 
38.1

Interest
736

 
768

 
(32
)
 
(4.2
)
 
1,590

 
1,549

 
41

 
2.6

Amortization of intangible assets
6,512

 
6,010

 
502

 
8.4

 
12,973

 
11,917

 
1,056

 
8.9

Total
$
627,815

 
$
610,208

 
$
17,607

 
2.9

 
$
1,237,172

 
$
1,194,923

 
$
42,249

 
3.5


Employee Compensation and Benefits

Employee compensation and benefits consist of base compensation (including salaries and severance), annual short-term incentive compensation awards (cash bonuses), annual long-term incentive compensation awards, commissions, fringe benefits and other employment costs (including recruitment, training, temporary help and meals).

Compensation expense as a percentage of net revenues was 42.6% and 43.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, compensation expense as a percentage of net revenues was 42.7% and 43.2%, respectively. Compensation expense generally is determined on a discretionary basis and is primarily a function of our firm’s financial performance. Amounts are awarded to help us achieve our key compensation goals of attracting, motivating and retaining top talent, by providing awards for the past year’s performance and providing incentives for future performance, while also helping ensure that our firm’s Unitholders receive an appropriate return on their investment. Senior management, with the approval of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of AllianceBernstein Corporation (“Compensation Committee”), periodically confirms that the appropriate metric to consider in determining the amount of incentive compensation is the ratio of adjusted employee compensation and benefits expense to adjusted net revenues. Adjusted net revenues used in the adjusted compensation ratio are the same as the adjusted net revenues presented as a non-GAAP measure (discussed earlier in this MD&A). Adjusted employee compensation and benefits expense is total employee compensation and benefits expense minus other employment costs such as recruitment, training, temporary help and meals (which were 1.3% and 1.2%, respectively, of adjusted net revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, and were 1.2% of adjusted net revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014), and excludes the impact of mark-to-market vesting expense, as well as dividends and interest expense, associated with employee long-term incentive compensation-related investments. Senior management, with the approval of the Compensation Committee, also established as an objective that adjusted employee compensation and benefits expense

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generally should not exceed 50% of our adjusted net revenues, except in unexpected or unusual circumstances. Our ratio of adjusted compensation expense as a percentage of adjusted revenues was 50.0% for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014.

For the three months ended June 30, 2015, employee compensation and benefits expense increased $10.2 million, or 3.1%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2014, primarily due to higher base compensation of $4.5 million, higher fringe benefits of $3.2 million and higher incentive compensation of $3.1 million, partially offset by lower commissions of $1.3 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2015, employee compensation and benefits expense increased $29.5 million, or 4.6%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2014, primarily due to higher incentive compensation of $23.4 million, higher base compensation of $10.2 million and higher fringe benefits of $1.6 million, partially offset by lower commissions of $6.5 million.

Promotion and Servicing

Promotion and servicing expenses include distribution-related payments to financial intermediaries for distribution of AB mutual funds and amortization of deferred sales commissions paid to financial intermediaries for the sale of back-end load shares of AB mutual funds. Also included in this expense category are costs related to travel and entertainment, advertising and promotional materials.

Promotion and servicing expenses increased $4.2 million, or 2.5%, during the three months ended June 30, 2015 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2014. The increase reflects higher amortization of deferred sales commissions of $3.4 million, higher distribution-related payments of $0.6 million and higher trade execution and clearance costs of $0.4 million. Promotion and servicing expenses increased $11.3 million, or 3.4%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2014. The increase reflects higher amortization of deferred sales commissions of $6.8 million, higher distribution-related payments of $2.4 million and higher trade execution and clearance costs of $1.9 million.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses include portfolio services, technology, professional fees and office-related expenses (occupancy, communications and similar expenses). General and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues were 13.6% (including and excluding real estate credits) and 14.0% (14.1% excluding real estate charges) for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. General and administrative expenses increased $2.6 million, or 2.5%, during the second quarter of 2015 compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to higher portfolio services expense of $3.7 million, higher technology expenses of $2.0 million and lower real estate credits of $0.4 million, partially offset by lower professional fees of $2.2 million and lower office-related expenses of $1.4 million. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues were 13.8% (13.9% excluding real estate credits) and 14.6% (14.5% excluding real estate charges) for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. General and administrative expenses increased $0.1 million, or 0.1%, during the first six months of 2015 compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to higher portfolio services expense of $6.1 million and higher technology expenses of $2.1 million, partially offset by lower office-related expenses of $3.4 million, lower professional fees of $2.1 million and lower real estate charges of $1.9 million.

Contingent Payment Arrangements

Contingent payment arrangements reflect changes in estimates of contingent payment liabilities associated with acquisitions in previous periods, as well as accretion expense of these liabilities. There were no changes in estimates during the first six months of 2015 and 2014.

Income Taxes

AB, a private limited partnership, is not subject to federal or state corporate income taxes, but is subject to a 4.0% New York City unincorporated business tax (“UBT”). Our domestic corporate subsidiaries are subject to federal, state and local income taxes, and generally are included in the filing of a consolidated federal income tax return. Separate state and local income tax returns also are filed. Foreign corporate subsidiaries generally are subject to taxes in the jurisdictions where they are located.

Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2015 increased $2.1 million, or 30.6%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2014. The increase is due to a higher effective tax rate in the current quarter of 5.6%, compared to 4.9% in the second quarter of 2014, and higher pre-tax income. Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2015 increased $1.3 million, or 6.8%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2014. The increase is due to higher pre-tax income, partially offset by a lower effective tax rate of 6.2%, compared to 6.7% in the first six months of 2014.


39

Net Income (Loss) of Consolidated Entities Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests

Net income (loss) of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests primarily consists of limited partner interests owned by other investors representing 90% of the total limited partner interests in our consolidated venture capital fund. During the first six months of 2015, we had $8.0 million of net income of consolidated entities attributable to non-controlling interests, which primarily resulted from a $9.3 million net investment gain attributable to our consolidated venture capital fund (of which 90% belongs to non-controlling interests) and management fees of $0.7 million.

CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY

During the first six months of 2015, net cash provided by operating activities was $436.1 million, compared to $338.3 million during the corresponding 2014 period. The change primarily is due to an increase in accrued compensation and benefits of $58.9 million, lower seed capital purchases offset by lower broker-dealer related redemptions of $49.7 million, and higher cash provided by net income of $39.3 million, offset by increases in broker-dealer related receivables (net of payables and segregated U.S. Treasury Bills activity) of $61.0 million.

During the first six months of 2015, net cash used in investing activities was $11.8 million, compared to $74.7 million during the corresponding 2014 period. The decrease primarily resulted from the purchase of a business, net of cash acquired, during 2014 of $60.6 million.

During the first six months of 2015, net cash used in financing activities was $330.3 million, compared to $256.7 million during the corresponding 2014 period. The change reflects net repayments of commercial paper of $84.9 million in 2015 compared to net issuances of $55.8 million in 2014, higher repurchases of AB Holding Units of $16.2 million and higher distributions to the General Partner and unitholders of $15.6 million as a result of higher earnings (distributions on earnings are paid one quarter in arrears), offset by proceeds from bank loans of $50.0 million and an increase in overdrafts payable of $39.3 million.

As of June 30, 2015, AB had $645.4 million of cash and cash equivalents, all of which is available for liquidity, but consists primarily of cash on deposit for our broker-dealers to comply with various customer clearing activities and cash held by foreign subsidiaries for which a permanent investment election for U.S. tax purposes is taken. If the cash held at our foreign subsidiaries of $476.4 million, which includes cash on deposit for our foreign broker-dealers, was to be repatriated to the U.S., we would be required to accrue and pay U.S. income taxes on these funds, based on the unremitted amount. We currently intend to permanently reinvest these earnings outside the U.S.

Debt and Credit Facilities

As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, AB had $404.6 million and $489.0 million, respectively, in commercial paper outstanding with weighted average interest rates of approximately 0.3% for both periods. The commercial paper is short term in nature, and as such, recorded value is estimated to approximate fair value (and considered a Level 2 security in the fair value hierarchy). Average daily borrowings of commercial paper during the first six months of 2015 and the full year 2014 were $417.1 million and $335.0 million, respectively, with weighted average interest rates of approximately 0.3% and 0.2%, respectively.

AB has a $1.0 billion committed, unsecured senior revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) with a group of commercial banks and other lenders. The Credit Facility provides for possible increases in the principal amount by up to an aggregate incremental amount of $250 million, any such increase being subject to the consent of the affected lenders. The Credit Facility is available for AB’s and SCB LLC’s business purposes, including the support of AB’s $1.0 billion commercial paper program. Both AB and SCB LLC can draw directly under the Credit Facility and management may draw on the Credit Facility from time to time. AB has agreed to guarantee the obligations of SCB LLC under the Credit Facility.

The Credit Facility contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants, which are customary for facilities of this type, including, among other things, restrictions on dispositions of assets, restrictions on liens, a minimum interest coverage ratio and a maximum leverage ratio. As of June 30, 2015, we were in compliance with these covenants. The Credit Facility also includes customary events of default (with customary grace periods, as applicable), including provisions under which, upon the occurrence of an event of default, all outstanding loans may be accelerated and/or lender’s commitments may be terminated. Also, under such provisions, upon the occurrence of certain insolvency- or bankruptcy-related events of default, all amounts payable under the Credit Facility would automatically become immediately due and payable, and the lender’s commitments would automatically terminate.

Amounts under the Credit Facility may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed by us from time to time until the maturity of the facility. Voluntary prepayments and commitment reductions requested by us are permitted at any time without fee (other than customary breakage costs relating to the prepayment of any drawn loans) upon proper notice and subject to a minimum dollar

40

requirement. Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum, which will be, at our option, a rate equal to an applicable margin, which is subject to adjustment based on the credit ratings of AB, plus one of the following indexes: London Interbank Offered Rate; a floating base rate; or the Federal Funds rate.

On October 22, 2014, as part of an amendment and restatement, the maturity date of the Credit Facility was extended from January 17, 2017 to October 22, 2019. There were no other significant changes included in the amendment.

As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had no amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility. During the first six months of 2015 and the full year 2014, we did not draw upon the Credit Facility.

In addition, SCB LLC has five uncommitted lines of credit with four financial institutions. Two of these lines of credit permit us to borrow up to an aggregate of approximately $200 million, with AB named as an additional borrower, while three lines have no stated limit. As of June 30, 2015, SCB LLC had $50.0 million in loans outstanding at an average interest rate of 1.4%. As of December 31, 2014, SCB LLC had no bank loans outstanding. Average daily borrowings of bank loans during the first six months of 2015 and full year 2014 were $4.2 million and $5.5 million, respectively, with weighted average interest rates of approximately 1.2% and 1.1%, respectively.

Our financial condition and access to public and private debt markets should provide adequate liquidity for our general business needs. Management believes that cash flow from operations and the issuance of debt and AB Units or AB Holding Units will provide us with the resources necessary to meet our financial obligations. See “Cautions Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”.

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

AB’s capital commitments, which consist primarily of operating leases for office space, generally are funded from future operating cash flows.

During 2009, we entered into a subscription agreement, under which we committed to invest up to $35.0 million, as amended in 2011, in a venture capital fund over a six-year period. As of June 30, 2015, we had funded $32.1 million of this commitment.

During 2010, as general partner of AllianceBernstein U.S. Real Estate L.P. (“Real Estate Fund”), we committed to invest $25.0 million in the Real Estate Fund. As of June 30, 2015, we had funded $19.0 million of this commitment. During 2014 and 2015, as general partner of AllianceBernstein U.S. Real Estate II L.P. (“Real Estate Fund II”), we committed to invest $25.0 million in the Real Estate Fund II. As of June 30, 2015, we had funded $0.8 million of this commitment.

During 2012, we entered into an investment agreement under which we committed to invest up to $8.0 million in an oil and gas fund over a three-year period. As of June 30, 2015, we had funded $6.1 million of this commitment.

See Note 12 for discussion of contingencies.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.

There have been no updates to our critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition” in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014.

ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

See Note 2 to AB’s condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Item 1.

CAUTIONS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements provided by management in this report and in the portion of AB’s Form 10-Q attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The most significant of these factors include, but are not limited to, the following: the performance of financial markets, the investment performance of sponsored investment products and separately-managed accounts, general economic conditions, industry trends, future acquisitions, integration of acquired

41

companies, competitive conditions and government regulations, including changes in tax regulations and rates and the manner in which the earnings of publicly-traded partnerships are taxed. We caution readers to carefully consider such factors. Further, these forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made; we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements. For further information regarding these forward-looking statements and the factors that could cause actual results to differ, see “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 and Part II, Item 1A in this Form 10-Q. Any or all of the forward-looking statements that we make in our Form 10-K, this Form 10-Q, other documents we file with or furnish to the SEC, and any other public statements we issue, may turn out to be wrong. It is important to remember that other factors besides those listed in “Risk Factors” and those listed below also could affect adversely our revenues, financial condition, results of operations and business prospects.

The forward-looking statements referred to in the preceding paragraph, most of which directly affect AB but also affect AB Holding because AB Holding’s principal source of income and cash flow is attributable to its investment in AB, include statements regarding:

•
Our belief that the cash flow AB Holding realizes from its investment in AB will provide AB Holding with the resources necessary to meet its financial obligations: AB Holding’s cash flow is dependent on the quarterly cash distributions it receives from AB. Accordingly, AB Holding’s ability to meet its financial obligations is dependent on AB’s cash flow from its operations, which is subject to the performance of the capital markets and other factors beyond our control.

•
Our financial condition and ability to access the public and private capital markets providing adequate liquidity for our general business needs: Our financial condition is dependent on our cash flow from operations, which is subject to the performance of the capital markets, our ability to maintain and grow client assets under management and other factors beyond our control. Our ability to access public and private capital markets on reasonable terms may be limited by adverse market conditions, our firm’s credit ratings, our profitability and changes in government regulations, including tax rates and interest rates.

•
The outcome of litigation: Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and excessive damage awards do occur. Though we have stated that we do not expect certain pending legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity, any settlement or judgment with respect to a pending or future legal proceeding could be significant, and could have such an effect.

•
The possibility that we will engage in open market purchases of AB Holding Units to help fund anticipated obligations under our incentive compensation award program: The number of AB Holding Units AB may decide to buy in future periods, if any, to help fund incentive compensation awards depends on various factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the fluctuation in the price of an AB Holding Unit (NYSE: AB) and the availability of cash to make these purchases.

•
Our determination that adjusted employee compensation expense should not exceed 50% of our adjusted net revenues:  Aggregate employee compensation reflects employee performance and competitive compensation levels.  Fluctuations in our revenues and/or changes in competitive compensation levels could result in adjusted employee compensation expense exceeding 50% of our adjusted net revenues.

Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no material changes in AB’s market risk from the information provided under “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Part II, Item 7A of AB's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Item 4.
Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

AB maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures that is designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, to permit timely decisions regarding our disclosure.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of

42

the disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No change in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the second quarter of 2015 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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